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Tsuji T, Kanamori S, Watanabe R, Yokoyama M, Miyaguni Y, Saito M, Kondo K. Watching sports and depressive symptoms among older adults: a cross-sectional study from the JAGES 2019 survey. Sci Rep 2021. [PMID: 34011984 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89994-8[publishedonlinefirst:20210519]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the relationship between the frequency of watching sports and depressive symptoms among older adults. This study used cross-sectional data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study, a nationwide mail survey of 21,317 older adults. Depressive symptoms were defined as a Geriatric Depression Scale score of ≥ 5. Participants were queried regarding the average frequency at which they watched sports on-site and via TV/Internet over the past year. Among the 21,317 participants, 4559 (21.4%) had depressive symptoms, while 4808 (22.6%) and 16,576 (77.8%) watched sports on-site and via TV/Internet at least once a year, respectively. Older adults who watched sports on-site a few times/year (prevalence ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.65-0.74) or 1-3 times/month (0.66, 0.53-0.82) were less likely to have depressive symptoms compared to non-spectators after adjusting for frequency of playing sports, exercise activities, and other potential confounders. Meanwhile, a dose-response relationship was confirmed for watching via TV/Internet (prevalence ratio of 0.86, 0.79, and 0.71 for a few times/year, 1-3 times/month, and ≥ 1 time/week, respectively). This study suggested that watching sports on-site or via TV/Internet, regardless of whether they regularly engage in sports, may reduce the risk of depressive symptoms among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Tsuji
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 3-29-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo City, Tokyo, 112-0012, Japan.
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage Ward, Chiba City, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.
| | - Satoru Kanamori
- Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi City, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku City, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Ryota Watanabe
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tsushima City Hospital, 3-73 Tachibana-cho, Tsushima City, Aichi, 496-8537, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo Ward, Chiba City, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu City, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Meiko Yokoyama
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage Ward, Chiba City, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Miyaguni
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu City, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Masashige Saito
- Department of Social Welfare, Nihon Fukushi University, Okuda, Mihama-cho, Chita-gun, Aichi, 470-3295, Japan
- Center for Well-Being and Society, Nihon Fukushi University, 5-22-35 Chiyoda, Naka Ward, Nagoya City, Aichi, 460-0012, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage Ward, Chiba City, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka-cho, Obu City, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
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Toyama N, Vongphoumy I, Uehara M, Sato C, Nishimoto F, Moji K, Pongvongsa T, Shirai K, Takayama T, Takahara M, Tamashiro Y, Endo Y, Kounnavong S, Kobayashi J. Impact of village health volunteer support on postnatal depressive symptoms in the remote rural areas of Lao People's Democratic Republic: a cross-sectional study. Trop Med Health 2021; 49:28. [PMID: 33785051 PMCID: PMC8010948 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-021-00316-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Village health volunteers (VHVs) are responsible for providing primary care in the communities of Laos. Unlike other districts, in Xepon more than 90% of VHVs are male and therefore experience difficulties interacting with pregnant women. To improve outreach to pregnant women, especially among ethnic minorities, a new project was implemented by local municipalities in 2017: newly selected female VHVs were paired to work with existing male VHVs. The objective of this study was to compare the postnatal depressive symptoms of ethnic minority mothers supported by pair-VHVs and single-VHVs in remote rural areas of Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR). METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2019. Mothers who had delivered a baby within 1 year preceding the study were recruited from 36 villages. Of the 305 mothers, 227 responded. The questionnaires included (1) demographic characteristics such as age, economic status, and birth experience; (2) self-decision to go to a health center/hospital to receive antenatal care; (3) type of VHVs (pair or single), support, and information from VHVs during pregnancy, support from husband and relationship with husband; (4) the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). A Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, and multiple linear regression analysis were performed. Ethical approval was obtained from the University of the Ryukyus and National Ethics Committee for Health Research of Lao PDR. RESULTS The average total EPDS score was 5.5 among mothers supported by pair-VHV and 7.0 among mothers supported by single-VHV. Results of the multiple linear regression analysis showed that the EPDS score was significantly lower among mothers supported by pair-VHV (β=-1.18, p <0.05) even after adjusting for economic and biological factors. CONCLUSIONS Mothers supported by pair-VHV had a significantly lower EPDS score than those supported by single-VHVs in this study area, suggesting that the support of male and female VHV pairs contributed to improving mental health status among ethnic minority mothers in remote rural areas of Lao PDR. Expanding the program to train female VHVs working with male VHVs is necessary for improving maternal and child health in a rural district of Lao PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Toyama
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
| | | | - Manami Uehara
- Department of Global Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Chika Sato
- Asia Health and Education Fund, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Futoshi Nishimoto
- Nagasaki University School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Moji
- Nagasaki University School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tiengkham Pongvongsa
- Savannakhet Provincial Health Department, Savannakhet, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Kokoro Shirai
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomomi Takayama
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Misuzu Takahara
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yoko Tamashiro
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yumiko Endo
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Sengchanh Kounnavong
- Lao Tropical and Public Health Institute, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Jun Kobayashi
- Department of Global Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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Sato K, Kondo N, Murata C, Shobugawa Y, Saito K, Kondo K. Association of pneumococcal and influenza vaccination with patient-physician communication in older adults: A nationwide cross-sectional study from the JAGES 2016. J Epidemiol 2021; 32:401-407. [PMID: 33551389 PMCID: PMC9359899 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20200505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing the coverage of vaccinations recommended by the World Health Organization in the older adult population is an urgent issue, especially in the context of avoiding co-epidemics during the current coronavirus disease 2019 crisis. The aim of this study was to examine factors associated with the quality of perceived patient–physician communication and whether this variable was associated with increased odds of vaccination. Methods We used cross-sectional data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study conducted from October 2016 to January 2017. The participants were 22,253 physically and cognitively independent individuals aged 65 or older living in 39 municipalities in Japan. Multilevel logit models were used to estimate the odds of vaccination. Results Among the participants, 40.0% and 58.8% had received pneumococcal and influenza vaccinations as per the recommended schedule, respectively. People with low educational levels were more likely to have a family physician but rate their experience in asking questions lower than those with higher educational levels. Having a family physician and high rating for physicians’ listening attitude were positively associated with increased odds of pneumococcal and influenza vaccinations. High rating for patients’ questioning attitude and shared decision-making, compared to an ambiguous attitude toward medical decision-making, were positively associated with increased odds of pneumococcal vaccination. Conclusion The results suggest that promotion of having a family physician, better patient–physician communication, and shared decision-making may encourage older adults to undergo recommended vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koryu Sato
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Kyoto University.,Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo
| | - Naoki Kondo
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Kyoto University.,Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo
| | - Chiyoe Murata
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health and Nutrition, Tokai Gakuen University
| | - Yugo Shobugawa
- Department of Active Aging, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University
| | - Kousuke Saito
- Department of Active Aging, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University.,Department of Gerontological Evaluation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology
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Tsuji T, Kanamori S, Miyaguni Y, Kondo K. Community-Level Sports Group Participation and Health Behaviors Among Older Non-Participants in a Sports Group: A Multilevel Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020531. [PMID: 33435252 PMCID: PMC7827491 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This study validates the relationship between community-level sports group participation and the frequency of leaving the house and transtheoretical model stages of behavior change for exercise among older individuals who did not participate in a sports group. We used cross-sectional data from the 2016 Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. The proportion of sports group participants at the community level was calculated using the data from 157,233 older individuals living in 1000 communities. We conducted a multilevel regression analysis to examine the relationship between the proportion of sports group participants and the frequency of leaving the house (1 day/week or less) and the transtheoretical model stages of behavior change for exercise. A statistically significant relationship was observed between a high prevalence of sports group participation and lower risk of homeboundness (odds ratio: 0.94) and high transtheoretical model stages (partial regression coefficient: 0.06) as estimated by 10 percentage points of participation proportion. Older individuals, even those not participating in a sports group, living in a community with a high prevalence of sports group participation are less likely to be homebound; they are highly interested and have numerous opportunities to engage in exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Tsuji
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Bunkyo City, Tokyo 112-0012, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Satoru Kanamori
- Graduate School of Public Health, Teikyo University, Itabashi City, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan;
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku City, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Miyaguni
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu City, Aichi 474-8511, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu City, Aichi 474-8511, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.K.)
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba City, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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Noguchi T, Hayashi T, Kubo Y, Tomiyama N, Ochi A, Hayashi H. Association between Decreased Social Participation and Depressive Symptom Onset among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Longitudinal Study during the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Nutr Health Aging 2021; 25:1070-1075. [PMID: 34725663 PMCID: PMC8440728 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-021-1674-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has imposed restrictions on people's social behavior. However, there is limited evidence regarding the relationship between changes in social participation and depressive symptom onset among older adults during the pandemic. We examined the association between changes in social participation and the onset of depressive symptoms among community-dwelling older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN This was a longitudinal study. SETTING Communities in Minokamo City, a semi-urban area in Japan. PARTICIPANTS We recruited community-dwelling older adults aged ≥ 65 years using random sampling. Participants completed a questionnaire survey at baseline (March 2020) and follow-up (October 2020). MEASUREMENTS Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Two-Question Screen. Based on their social participation status in March and October 2020, participants were classified into four groups: "continued participation," "decreased participation," "increased participation," and "consistent non-participation." RESULTS A total of 597 older adults without depressive symptoms at baseline were analyzed (mean age = 79.8 years; 50.4% females). Depressive symptoms occurred in 20.1% of the participants during the observation period. Multivariable Poisson regression analysis showed that decreased social participation was significantly associated with the onset of the depressive symptoms, compared to continued participation, after adjusting for all covariates (incidence rate ratio = 1.59, 95% confidence interval = 1.01-2.50, p = 0.045). CONCLUSION Older adults with decreased social participation during the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated a high risk of developing depressive symptoms. We recommend that resuming community activities and promoting the participation of older adults, with sufficient consideration for infection prevention, are needed to maintain mental health among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Noguchi
- Taiji Noguchi, Department of Social Science, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan, Tel: +81-562-46-2311, E-mail:
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Funakoshi Y, Xuan Z, Isumi A, Doi S, Ochi M, Fujiwara T. The association of community and individual parental social capital with behavior problems among children in Japan: results from A-CHILD longitudinal study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:119-127. [PMID: 32240322 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01866-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the association of individual-level and community-level parental social capital with childhood behavior problems using population-based longitudinal data in Japan. METHODS We analyzed data from a population-based longitudinal survey study which followed first-grade elementary school children (6-7 years old) in Adachi City, Tokyo, Japan. At baseline, the parents of first-grade students from all 69 elementary schools in Adachi City were asked to respond to a questionnaire assessing behavior problems and prosocial behavior (using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) and parental social capital in the community (N = 5494). Data on follow-up questionnaires on behavior problems were collected when children were second grade. Among both surveys, 3656 parents returned valid responses. The association between individual-level and community-level parental social capital and children's behavior problems were analyzed using multilevel analyses adjusting for covariates. RESULTS Community-level social capital was positively associated with prosocial behaviors, but not for total difficulties, after adjustment for covariates (coefficient = 0.19, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.36). Individual-level parental social capital was also positively associated with prosocial behaviors (coefficient = 0.27, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.41) and negatively associated with total difficulties (coefficient = - 0.54, 95% CI - 0.89 to - 0.19). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that greater community-level social capital can benefit children with increased prosocial behaviors. Individual-level parental social capital can be protective of youth by increasing prosocial behaviors and reducing difficult behaviors. Boosting both community and individual social capital can be a promising means to enhance children's well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Funakoshi
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Ziming Xuan
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aya Isumi
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Satomi Doi
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Manami Ochi
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.,Department of Health and Welfare Services, National Institute of Public Health, 2-3-6 Minami, Wako, Saitama, 351-0197, Japan
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
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The values and meanings of social activities for older urban men after retirement. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242859. [PMID: 33237967 PMCID: PMC7688116 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that older men often experience disconnection from the community after retirement. Social activities have been shown to be effective in preventing social isolation among older urban men. Nevertheless, it has been reported that they often do not participate in community social activities and tend to be reluctant to do so. We explored the values and meanings of social activities for retired older men living in an urban area of Japan to understand support using social activities that are more suitable for them. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 older men (aged 68–80 years; M = 74.6 ± 3.79 years) about their interactions with family and non-family members, and their participation in various community social activities. The grounded theory approach was used for the analysis. As a result, the following five categories were derived as the values that participants place on the social activities that they engage in: “health as a resource and reward for social activities,” “feeling I am still useful,” “feeling that something is my responsibility,” “feeling of time well spent,” and “finding interest through interactions.” In addition, the following three categories were extracted as meanings of social activities: “fulfilling social life,” “maintaining stable family relationships,” and “maintaining safety and peace in the community.” When considering the social activities that older urban retired men are interested in and likely to participate in, these five values can be considered indicators. In contrast, to maintain stable family relationships and safety and peace in the community, participants sometimes used strategies to stop or abandon social activities. Therefore, in situations where a peaceful life within a family or neighborhood is threatened, it may be useful to help set aside sufficient time and allow for psychological leeway in advance to incorporate social activities into their lives.
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Gero K, Hikichi H, Aida J, Kondo K, Kawachi I. Associations Between Community Social Capital and Preservation of Functional Capacity in the Aftermath of a Major Disaster. Am J Epidemiol 2020; 189:1369-1378. [PMID: 32406501 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaa085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The strength of social connections in the community ("social capital") is hypothesized to be a crucial ingredient in disaster resilience. We examined whether community-level social capital is correlated with the ability to maintain functional capacity among older residents who experienced the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. The baseline of our cohort (mean age, 74 years) was established in 2010, 7 months before the disaster in Iwanuma, a Japanese city located 80 km from the epicenter. Disaster-related personal experiences (e.g., housing damage or relocation) were assessed through a follow-up survey (n = 3,594; follow-up rate, 82.1%) conducted in 2013, 2.5 years after the earthquake. Multiple membership multilevel models were used to evaluate the associations between functional capacity, measured by the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scale, and 3 subscales of community-level social capital: social cohesion, social participation, and reciprocity. Community-level social participation was associated with a lower risk of functional decline after disaster exposure. The average level of social participation in the community also mitigated the adverse impact of housing damage on functional status, suggesting a buffering mechanism.
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Win HH, Nyunt TW, Lwin KT, Zin PE, Nozaki I, Bo TZ, Sasaki Y, Takagi D, Nagamine Y, Shobugawa Y. Cohort profile: healthy and active ageing in Myanmar (JAGES in Myanmar 2018): a prospective population-based cohort study of the long-term care risks and health status of older adults in Myanmar. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e042877. [PMID: 33130574 PMCID: PMC7783620 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Myanmar is rapidly ageing. It is important to understand the current condition of older adults in the country. To obtain such information, we conducted home-visit surveys to collect data for evaluating social determinants of health on older adults in Yangon (representative of an urban) and Bago (representative of a rural) regions of Myanmar. PARTICIPANTS Overall, 1200 individuals aged 60 years or older and who were not bedridden or had severe dementia (defined as an Abbreviated Mental Test score ≤6) were recruited from Yangon and Bago in 2018. A population-proportionate random-sampling method was used for recruitment. FINDINGS TO DATE Overall, 600 individuals from Yangon (222 men; 378 women) and 600 from Bago (261 men; 339 women) were surveyed. The average age of Yangon-based men and women was 69.4±7.6 and 69.4±7.3 years; in Bago, this was 69.2±7.1 and 70.6±7.5 years, respectively. Compared to their Yangon-based counterparts, Bago-based respondents showed significantly lower socioeconomic status and more commonly reported poor self-rated health (Bago-based men: 32.2%, women: 42.5%; Yangon: 10.8% and 24.1%, respectively). Meanwhile, some Yangon-based respondents rarely met friends (men: 17.1%, women: 27.8%), and Yangon-based respondents scored higher for instrumental activities of daily living and body mass index when compared to their Bago-based counterparts. For both regions, women showed higher physical-function decline (Yangon-based women: 40.7%, men: 17.1%; Bago: 46.3% and 23.8%, respectively) and cognitive-function decline (Yangon: 34.1% and 10.4%, respectively; Bago: 53.4% and 22.2%, respectively). Being homebound was more common in urban areas (urban-based men: 11.3%, rural-based men: 2.3%; urban-based women: 13.0%, rural-based women: 4.7%, respectively). FUTURE PLANS A follow-up survey is scheduled for 2021. This will afford longitudinal data collection concerning mortality, becoming bedridden, and developing dementia and long-term care-related diseases. This will allow us to calculate long-term care risks for older adults in Myanmar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hla Hla Win
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Medicine 1, Yangon, Myanmar
- University of Public Health, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Than Win Nyunt
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Yangon General Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Kay Thi Lwin
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Medicine 1, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Poe Ei Zin
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Medicine 1, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Ikuma Nozaki
- Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thae Zarchi Bo
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Medicine 1, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Yuri Sasaki
- Department of International Health and Collaboration, National Institute of Public Health, Wako, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takagi
- Department of Health and Social Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yugo Shobugawa
- Department of Active Ageing (donated by Tokamachi city, Niigata Japan), Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
- Divsion of International Health, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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Noguchi-Shinohara M, Hirako K, Tsujiguchi H, Itatani T, Yanagihara K, Samuta H, Nakamura H. Residents living in communities with higher civic participation report higher self-rated health. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241221. [PMID: 33095830 PMCID: PMC7584176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that community-level social capital may affect residents' health. The present mixed ecological study assesses the evidence for an association between the community-level social capital and the individual level of self-rated health. The Hakui City Health Interview Survey targeted 15,242 people aged 40 years and older from 11 communities. Among them, 6578 residents responded to the questionnaire (response rate, 43.2%). We examined whether the community-level social capital (general trust, norm, and civic participation) was associated with the individual level of self-rated health. Overall, 1919 (29.1%) answers of self-rated poor health were identified. Community-level civic participation was negatively associated with poor self-rated health after adjusting for individual demographic factors, individual social capitals, and community-level economic status, whereas community-level general trust, and norm were not significant. The findings suggest the importance of fostering communities with high civic participation to reduce the poor health status of residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moeko Noguchi-Shinohara
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Preemptive Medicine for Dementia, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kohei Hirako
- Industry-Academia-Government Collaboration / Intellectual Property Promotion Group, Organization of Frontier Science and Social Co-creation Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tsujiguchi
- Department of Public Health, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
- Kanazawa University Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tomoya Itatani
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Yanagihara
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hikaru Samuta
- Faculty of Economics and Management, Institute of Human and Social Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Department of Public Health, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
- Kanazawa University Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Zhang W, Huang Y, Zhou H, Lin G, Lu M, Xi Lecturer X. Associations between social capital and trust in general practitioners among the elderly people: Empirical evidence from China. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2020; 28:1590-1602. [PMID: 32207223 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Elderly individuals' trust in general practitioners (GPs) is conducive to enhancing their health outcomes and promote healthy ageing. However, this trust has been declining in recent decades. Social capital is associated with patients' trust in healthcare providers in several countries, which make it a potential path for improving the trust of the elderly people in GPs in China, but it is not yet validated. The objective of this study was to explore how social capital influences elderly individuals' trust in GPs in China. The data were collected through a survey conducted with 2,754 people aged 60 and over in China, 2018. Multilevel regression models were employed to analyse the impact of social capital on the trust of the elderly people in GP in China. The results revealed that individual social capital (ISC) and community social capital (CSC) had significant positive correlations with the trust of the elderly people in GPs in China. In addition, CSC has more impact than ISC on the trust of the elderly people in GP. Additionally, older people, women and patients whose highest level of education was junior high school and who had participated in the New Cooperative Medical Scheme tended to have higher trust in GPs. In conclusion, more social capital, especially CSC, contributed more trust of the elderly people in GPs in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- The Research Center of National Drug Policy & Ecosystem, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing City, China
| | - Yuankai Huang
- The Research Center of National Drug Policy & Ecosystem, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing City, China
| | - Hongjie Zhou
- The Research Center of National Drug Policy & Ecosystem, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing City, China
| | - Guohua Lin
- The Research Center of National Drug Policy & Ecosystem, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing City, China
| | - Mengqing Lu
- The Research Center of National Drug Policy & Ecosystem, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing City, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xi Lecturer
- The Research Center of National Drug Policy & Ecosystem, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing City, China
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Nakagomi A, Shiba K, Hanazato M, Kondo K, Kawachi I. Does community-level social capital mitigate the impact of widowhood & living alone on depressive symptoms?: A prospective, multi-level study. Soc Sci Med 2020; 259:113140. [PMID: 32645611 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Widowhood and living alone are linked to increased risk of depression. We examined prospectively whether community-level social capital can mitigate the adverse impact of widowhood and living alone on depressive symptoms. We used data of the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study of functionally independent adults aged 65 years or older. Three waves of surveys were collected in 2010, 2013 and 2016. We conducted gender-stratified multilevel linear regression to examine the moderating effects of community-level social capital on depressive symptoms (as assessed by the 15-point Geriatric Depression Scale) associated with widowhood and living alone. Widowhood in the past 12 months in combination with living alone was associated with a marked worsening in depressive symptoms among men (beta coefficient = 1.67; 95% confidence interval: 1.38, 1.95). Community-level civic participation, but not social cohesion or reciprocity, was associated with lower depressive symptoms in men and women. In addition, community-level civic participation moderated the association between depressive symptoms and recent widowhood/living alone among men (coefficient per 1 standard deviation = -0.30; 95% confidence interval: -0.59, -0.02). We found no significant effect modification of community-level social capital on depressive symptoms associated with widowhood and living alone among women. Communities with greater civic participation appear to mitigate the onset of depressive symptoms among recently widowed men living alone. Promotion of community activities might be an effective community-level intervention to promote mental health in this vulnerable group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Nakagomi
- Takemi Program in International Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Koichiro Shiba
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Masamichi Hanazato
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan; Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Tsuji T, Kanamori S, Miyaguni Y, Hanazato M, Kondo K. Community-Level Sports Group Participation and the Risk of Cognitive Impairment. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 51:2217-2223. [PMID: 31205226 PMCID: PMC7028475 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Community-level group participation is a structural aspect of social capital that may have a contextual influence on individual health. We investigated the contextual effect of community-level prevalence of sports group participation on the risk of cognitive impairment among older individuals. METHODS We analyzed prospective cohort data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study, a nationwide survey of 40,308 functionally independent older individuals from 346 communities. Cognitive impairment was assessed by the nationally standardized dementia scale proposed by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan. Participation in a sports group 1 d per month or more frequently was defined as "participation." We applied a two-level multilevel survival analysis to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS The cumulative incidence of cognitive impairment during the 6-yr follow-up period was 9.8%. The mean proportion of sports group participation was 25.2% (range, 0.0%-56.5%). Higher prevalence of community-level sports group participation was associated with a lower risk of cognitive impairment (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.86-0.99, estimated by 10 percentage points of participation proportion) after adjusting for individual-level sports group participation, sex, age, disease, obesity, social isolation, alcohol, smoking, education, income, depression, daily walking time, population density, and sunlight hours. We found cross-level interaction between individual- and community-level sports group participation (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.76-0.99). CONCLUSIONS We found a contextual preventive effect of community-level sports group participation on developing cognitive impairment among older individuals. Furthermore, the benefit may favor sports group participants. Therefore, promoting sports groups in a community setting may be effective as a population-based strategy for the prevention of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Tsuji
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba City, Chiba, JAPAN
| | - Satoru Kanamori
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku Ward, Tokyo, JAPAN.,Human Resource Management Department, ITOCHU Techno-Solutions Corporation, Shinagawa Ward, Tokyo, JAPAN
| | - Yasuhiro Miyaguni
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu City, Aichi, JAPAN
| | - Masamichi Hanazato
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba City, Chiba, JAPAN
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba City, Chiba, JAPAN.,Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu City, Aichi, JAPAN
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Furukawa H, Greiner C. Developing a social capital scale for family caregivers of people with dementia. Geriatr Nurs 2020; 41:740-746. [PMID: 32487455 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although several scales have been designed to measure social capital, none have been specialized for caregivers of people with dementia, even though social capital is important in terms of continuing care provision. Therefore, we developed and validated a 17-item measure to assess social capital among caregivers of people with dementia. We assessed psychometric properties using responses from a questionnaire survey that included a draft of a social capital scale. Factor analysis identified three factors involving 17 items with a Cronbach's alpha of .85. The intra-class coefficient for test-retest reliability was .71. The correlation with positive aspects of caregiving was .62 (p < .01). The results suggest that our scale could be a useful tool to assess social capital among caregivers of people with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Furukawa
- Kansai University of Nursing and Health Sciences, 1456-4, Shiduki, Awaji 656-2131, Japan.
| | - Chieko Greiner
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe 654-0142, Japan.
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Intensity of community-based programs by long-term care insurers and the likelihood of frailty: Multilevel analysis of older Japanese adults. Soc Sci Med 2020; 245:112701. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Tashiro Y, Nakamura K, Seino K, Ochi S, Ishii H, Hasegawa M, Kawauchi Y, Chiba M. The impact of a school-based tooth-brushing program on dental caries: a cross-sectional study. Environ Health Prev Med 2019; 24:83. [PMID: 31888460 PMCID: PMC6938001 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-019-0832-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Promotion of oral health in children is recognized as one of the components of health-promoting schools (HPSs). However, few studies have addressed supportive school environments for children’s oral health. This study aimed to evaluate the status of dental caries in school children at HPSs, with the objective of examining the impact of a supportive school environment for oral health, considering the lifestyles of individual children and the socioeconomic characteristics of their communities. Methods Data of 2043 5th-grade students in 21 elementary schools in Ichikawa city between 2008 and 2013 were analyzed. Children’s oral health status was evaluated using the decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) index. A self-reported lifestyle questionnaire, a survey of the school environment promoting tooth-brushing, and community socioeconomic characteristics derived from the National Census data were included in the analyses. Bivariate analyses were conducted to evaluate the children’s DMFT status, and zero-inflated negative binominal (ZINB) regression was used to assess the relationships between DMFT and other variables. Results Prevalence of dental caries in the permanent teeth of 5th-grade children (aged 10–11 years) was 33.3%, with a mean DMFT score (± SD) of 0.83 ± 1.50. According to multilevel ZINB regression analysis, children from schools with after-lunch tooth-brushing time showed a higher odds ratio (OR) for excess zero DMFT (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.00–2.15, P = 0.049) as compared to those from schools without it. Neither bivariate analysis nor ZINB model analysis revealed any significant influence of children’s gender or use of a toothpaste with fluoride. Conclusions The school-based environment supportive of oral health was significantly associated with a zero DMFT status in children. School-based efforts considering the socioeconomic characteristics of the area warrant attention even with declining prevalence of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Tashiro
- Department of Global Health Entrepreneurship, Division of Public Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Keiko Nakamura
- Department of Global Health Entrepreneurship, Division of Public Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
| | - Kaoruko Seino
- Department of Global Health Entrepreneurship, Division of Public Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Shiro Ochi
- Department of Global Health Entrepreneurship, Division of Public Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
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Suicide Rates, Social Capital, and Depressive Symptoms among Older Adults in Japan: An Ecological Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16244942. [PMID: 31817590 PMCID: PMC6949944 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16244942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Depression is considered the primary risk factor for older people's suicide. When considering suicide measures, it is necessary to clarify the relationship between depressive symptoms, social capital, and suicide rates. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the relationship between community-level social capital, depressive symptoms, and suicide rates among older people in Japan. We analyzed the data gathered from 63,026 men and 72,268 women aged 65 years and older, totaling 135,294 subjects in 81 municipalities with a population of over 100,000 participants in the 2013 Sixth Long-Term Care Needs Survey and another survey conducted by Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) in 2013 including the same question items as the survey in Japan. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the male suicide standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was positively correlated with depressive symptoms (B = 2.318, p = 0.002), and received emotional support (B = -2.622, p = 0.014) had a negative correlation with the male suicide SMR. In older males particularly, the received emotional support in the community was independently associated with the suicide rate. Therefore, fostering social support in a community could act as a countermeasure to suicide among older males in Japan.
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Sato K, Kondo N, Kondo K. Rotating savings and credit association, its members' diversity, and higher-level functional capacity: A 3-year prospective study from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19:1268-1274. [PMID: 31758643 PMCID: PMC7003940 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aim A rotating savings and credit association – an informal local microfinance group – provides community‐dwelling older adults with cohesive social capital. This study examined whether participation in mujin, a traditional Japanese rotating savings and credit association, affected the maintenance of higher‐level functional capacity in older adults. Methods We studied 10 991 older adults living in 24 municipalities in Japan who were aged ≥65 years, and physically and cognitively independent. We carried out a baseline survey in 2013 and a follow‐up survey in 2016. Higher‐level functional capacity, consisting of instrumental activities of daily living, intellectual activity and social role, was assessed using the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence. To address potential reverse causation, we used stabilized inverse probability weights to balance characteristics at baseline between mujin participants and non‐participants. Results In our analytic sample, 406 out of 10 991 older adults (3.7%) participated in mujin at the baseline. Our weighted logistic regression showed that mujin participants were more likely to maintain higher‐level functional capacity (i.e. full marks in the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence) 3 years later compared with non‐participants (odds ratio 1.75, 95% confidence interval 1.29–2.39). Furthermore, independent social role functioning and intellectual activity were associated with participation in mujin for an equal number of both sexes, as well as people of high social standing. Conclusions The present study suggests that rotating savings and credit associations can help older adults maintain their independence in a higher‐level functional capacity. Furthermore, the members' diversity might add to these beneficial effects. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 1268–1274.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koryu Sato
- Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Kondo
- Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Health and Social Behavior, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Gerontological Evaluation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
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Noguchi T, Kondo K, Saito M, Nakagawa-Senda H, Suzuki S. Community social capital and the onset of functional disability among older adults in Japan: a multilevel longitudinal study using Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) data. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e029279. [PMID: 31597648 PMCID: PMC6797418 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study examined the association between community social capital and the onset of functional disability among older Japanese people by using validated indicators of social capital and a prospective multilevel design. DESIGN Prospective cohort study SETTING: We used data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study, established from August 2010 to January 2012 in 323 districts. PARTICIPANTS The target population was restricted to non-institutionalised people aged 65 years or older who were independent in activities of daily living. Participants included 73 021 people (34 051 men and 38 970 women) who were followed up over a 3-year period. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE The primary outcome measure was the onset of functional disability, defined as a new registration in public long-term care insurance system records with a care-needs level of two or above, analysed with multilevel Cox proportional hazards regression models by community social capital (civic participation, social cohesion and reciprocity). RESULTS The mean age of participants was 73.3 years (SD=6.0) for men and 73.8 years (SD=6.2) for women. During the study period, the onset of functional disability occurred in 1465 (4.3%) men and 1519 (3.9%) women. Of three community social capital variables, social cohesion significantly reduced the risk of onset of functional disability (HR 0.910; 95% CI 0.830 to 0.998) among men, after adjusting for individual social and behavioural variables. There was no significant effect among women. CONCLUSIONS Living in a community with rich social cohesion is associated with a lower incidence of onset of functional disability among older Japanese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiji Noguchi
- Department of Public Health, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
- Center for Preventive Medical Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masashige Saito
- Faculty of Social Welfare, Nihon Fukushi University, Chita-gun, Japan
| | | | - Sadao Suzuki
- Department of Public Health, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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Koga C, Hanazato M, Tsuji T, Suzuki N, Kondo K. Elder Abuse and Social Capital in Older Adults: The Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. Gerontology 2019; 66:149-159. [PMID: 31514199 DOI: 10.1159/000502544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elder abuse is a serious public health issue worldwide, but large-scale epidemiologic studies remain sparse. Although social factors in human relations such as social support and social isolation have been proposed as the factors related to elder abuse, cognitive social capital has not been examined. OBJECTIVE This study aims to clarify the prevalence of and the factors associated with elder abuse among independent older adults in Japan. METHODS The study design is a retrospective observational study. The data were derived from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES). These self-report data were collected from 26,229 people aged 65 years or older living in 28 municipalities in 2013. The types of elder abuse and factors associated with them were examined using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of elder abuse among the sample was 12.3% (11.1% in males and 13.3 in females). In the entire sample, physical, psychological, and financial abuses were reported to be 1.26, 11.12, and 1.45%, respectively. Factors associated with increased odds of experiencing abuse were being a woman, living with family members, having poor self-rated health, and having mild or severe depression. By contrast, age ≥85 years, being widowed, or unmarried, and having a positive view of community trust were associated with a lower risk of experiencing abuse. CONCLUSION While particular demographic factors and health are associated with a greater risk of elder abuse, our findings that trust within the community lessens the risk indicates the importance of social capital. This should be taken into consideration when developing population-based strategies to prevent elder abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Koga
- Division of Advanced Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba, Japan,
| | | | - Taishi Tsuji
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Norimichi Suzuki
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Center for Gerontology and Social Sciences, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
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Haseda M, Takagi D, Kondo K, Kondo N. Effectiveness of community organizing interventions on social activities among older residents in Japan: A JAGES quasi-experimental study. Soc Sci Med 2019; 240:112527. [PMID: 31563760 PMCID: PMC6880785 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Social activities in the community help older adults maintain functional ability. Community organizing, based on the assessment of health risks, community assets, and fostering intersectoral organizational partnerships, could increase participation opportunities. Supporting municipality staff members in building their capacity to take those actions might benefit them. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of such support remains unclear. This real-world-setting study evaluated the effectiveness of providing support for municipality health sectors in relation to older residents’ social activities. Based on the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES), a nationwide study of community-dwelling older adults, from 2013 to 2016 researchers collaborated with health sector staff members in 13 participating municipalities (intervention group) in utilizing the JAGES-based community assessment data and building organizational partnerships. The remaining 12 municipalities (control) obtained the data only. We analyzed the longitudinal data of 47,106 older residents, performing a difference-in-differences (DID) analysis, weighted by the inverse of propensity to be selected for the intervention group, allowing for a multilevel (municipality/individual) data structure. In the intervention group, the estimated group participation prevalence in men increased by 10.4 percentage points from 47.5% to 57.9%, while in the control group, participation increased by 7.9 percentage points from 47.2% to 55.0% (DID estimated = 0.025, P = 0.011). No statistically significant difference between the two groups was observed among women (P = 0.131). Support for community organizing may improve group participation among older male residents. The community-attributable impact could be large, given that the intervention has the potential to work for all older residents in the municipality. Older men participated more where researchers and health sector collaborated well. The effects were specifically strong for participation in leisure activity groups. Community organizing might encourage older men to engage in social activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Haseda
- Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Health and Social Behavior, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takagi
- Department of Health and Social Behavior, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naoki Kondo
- Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Health and Social Behavior, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Correlations between Forgetfulness and Social Participation: Community Diagnosing Indicators. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16132426. [PMID: 31288464 PMCID: PMC6651557 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16132426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the relationships between forgetfulness and social participation, social contact, and social support by municipality to develop community diagnosing indicators. The analysis subjects included 105 municipalities that agreed to provide data for the 2013 Survey of Needs in Spheres of Daily Life in Japan (n = 338,659 people). Forgetfulness as a risk factor for dementia was used as the dependent variable. The variables of social environment factors were (1) social participation, (2) social contact, and (3) social support. The ratio of people responding that they experienced forgetfulness differed among municipalities, with a mean of 19.0% (7.1-35.6%). Higher levels of social participation, social contact, and social support were associated with lower levels of forgetfulness, even after adjusting for age and regional variables. The results of the present study suggest that it is appropriate to use forgetfulness and social participation at least a few times a year in any social activity as community diagnosing indicators. Municipalities could encourage their inhabitants to participate by developing and providing engaging social activities.
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Rodgers J, Valuev AV, Hswen Y, Subramanian SV. Social capital and physical health: An updated review of the literature for 2007-2018. Soc Sci Med 2019; 236:112360. [PMID: 31352315 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Social capital is frequently indicated as a determinant of population health. Despite an increase in the frequency of public health studies including such measures, our understanding of social capital's effects on health remains unclear. In 2008, a systematic review of the "first decade" of research on social capital and health was published in the textbook Social Capital and Health. Our study intends to update and expand upon this original review to account for developments in the literature over the second decade of research on social capital and health. METHODS We employed a systematic review of empirical studies investigating the relationship between measures of social capital and physical health outcomes published between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2018. To identify potential studies, we conducted searches of PubMed, Embase, and PsychINFO databases in January 2019 using combinations of "social capital" and "physical health" search terms. RESULTS We identified 1,608 unique articles and reviewed 145 studies meeting our inclusion criteria. The most frequently examined health condition was self-reported health (57%), followed by mortality (12%), cardiovascular diseases (10%), obesity (7%), diabetes (6%), infectious diseases (5%), and cancers (3%). Of these studies, 127 (88%) reported at least partial support for a protective association between social capital and health. However, only 41 (28%) reported exclusively positive findings. The majority (59%) of results were mixed, suggesting a nuanced relationship between social capital and health. This finding could also be indicative of differences in study design, which showed substantial variation. CONCLUSIONS Despite limitations in the literature, our review chronicles an evolution in the field of social capital and health in terms of size and sophistication. Overall, these studies suggest that social capital may be an important protective factor for some physical health outcomes, but further research is needed to confirm and clarify these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Rodgers
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard University, 310 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Anna V Valuev
- Department of Global Health and Health Policy, Harvard University, 14 Story Street Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Yulin Hswen
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard University, 310 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - S V Subramanian
- Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard University, 9 Bow Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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Change in Municipality-Level Health-Related Social Capital and Depressive Symptoms: Ecological and 5-Year Repeated Cross-Sectional Study from the JAGES. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16112038. [PMID: 31181718 PMCID: PMC6604020 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16112038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prevalence of depressive symptoms is lower in communities with greater social capital (SC). However, it is unclear whether a prevalence of depressive symptoms will decrease in communities where SC has increased. We investigated the relationship between the changes in municipality-level SC and depressive symptoms by using 5-year repeated cross-sectional data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. In 2010 and 2016, self-reported questionnaires were mailed to functionally independent residents aged 65 years or older living in 44 municipalities; valid responses were received from 72,718 and 84,211 people in 2010 and 2016, respectively. All scores were aggregated at the municipality level. The dependent variable was the change in the prevalence of depressive symptoms that were diagnosed with a 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale. Independent variables were the score of change in health-related SC indicators, e.g., social participation, social cohesion, and reciprocity. A multiple regression analysis was employed. The average prevalence of depressive symptoms decreased from 28.6% in 2010 to 21.3% in 2016. The increases in the percentages of sports group participation (B, −0.356), and reciprocity scores (B, −0.597) were significantly associated with the decrease in the prevalence of depressive symptoms after adjusting for potential confounding variables. Our findings suggest that community SC might be an intervention for protecting depressive symptoms in municipalities.
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75
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Shobugawa Y, Murayama H, Fujiwara T, Inoue S. Cohort Profile of the NEIGE Study in Tokamachi City, Japan. J Epidemiol 2019; 30:281-287. [PMID: 31130558 PMCID: PMC7280054 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20190036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have shown that rural residents face disadvantages concerning medical access and socio-economic conditions. However, the social determinants of health among older people in rural areas are still unclear. The Neuron to Environmental Impact across Generations (NEIGE) study investigated the social determinants of health among older rural adults. Methods A survey was conducted among the older residents of Tokamachi City, Japan. We randomly selected study participants (N = 1,346) from four stratified groups by age (65–74 and 75–84 years) and residential area (Tokamachi center [downtown] and Matsunoyama [mountain]). The survey collected data on socio-economic status, lifestyle, health, and neighborhood environment. Blood and urine sampling were also conducted, and physical activity was assessed. Magnetic resonance brain imaging (MRI) and Apo-E gene were also examined in the analysis. Results In total, 527 people participated in the NEIGE study (participation rate: 39.2%). The average age of the participants was 73.5 (standard deviation, 5.6) years, and 47.3% were male. No differences in demographics were found between downtown and mountain residents, except for educational attainment, which was lower among mountain residents. Lifestyles were similar, except for the higher percentage of everyday drinkers (33.3–35.3%) in the mountain area. Concerning physical health, muscle mass, grip strength, and measured physical activity were significantly higher among mountain residents. However, gait speed and balance were better among downtown residents. Conclusion The findings of the NEIGE study will help elucidate the social determinants of health in older rural adults in Japan, and emphasize the different outcomes between downtown and mountain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugo Shobugawa
- Division of International Health, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
| | | | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Shigeru Inoue
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University
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76
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Nakagomi A, Tsuji T, Hanazato M, Kobayashi Y, Kondo K. Association Between Community-Level Social Participation and Self-reported Hypertension in Older Japanese: A JAGES Multilevel Cross-sectional Study. Am J Hypertens 2019; 32:503-514. [PMID: 30793745 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpz028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many factors are associated with hypertension development. We focused on social participation as an aspect of social capital and investigated the contextual relationship between community-level social participation and hypertension using multilevel regression analyses. METHODS We used cross-sectional data from the 2016 Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study-a population-based study of functionally independent adults aged 65 years or older. The sample comprised 116,013 participants nested in 818 communities. Hypertension and social capital were defined by questionnaires. Social capital was assessed at both the individual and the community levels in 3 dimensions: civic participation (as an index of social participation), social cohesion, and reciprocity. RESULTS The prevalence rate of hypertension was 43.7%, and 44.1% of the respondents were involved in civic participation. Community-level civic participation, but not social cohesion or reciprocity, was negatively associated with hypertension in the total population (prevalence ratio (95% confidence interval): 0.98 (0.96-0.99), P = 0.004) and female group (0.97 (0.95-0.99), P = 0.015), and the association neared significance in the male group (0.98 (0.96-1.005), P = 0.13) after adjustment for individual-level social capital dimensions including civic participation, individual-level covariates, and population density as a community-level covariate. The interaction between community-level civic participation and sex in relation to hypertension was significant (P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS We found a contextual preventive relationship between community-level civic participation and hypertension. The design of the contextual characteristics of communities by the promotion of social participation may help reduce the prevalence of hypertension in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Nakagomi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Taishi Tsuji
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Yoshio Kobayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
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77
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Amemiya A, Saito J, Saito M, Takagi D, Haseda M, Tani Y, Kondo K, Kondo N. Social Capital and the Improvement in Functional Ability among Older People in Japan: A Multilevel Survival Analysis Using JAGES Data. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16081310. [PMID: 31013681 PMCID: PMC6518128 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16081310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the contextual effects of community social capital on functional ability among older people with functional disability in Japan, and the cross-level interaction effects between community social capital and individual psychosocial characteristics. We used data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study for 1936 men and 2207 women nested within 320 communities and followed for 46 months. We used objective data for functional ability trajectories derived from the national long-term care-insurance system, and a validated measure of health-related community social capital comprising three components: civic participation, social cohesion, and reciprocity. A multilevel survival analysis with a community-level random intercept showed that in communities with high civic participation, women who actively participated in any community group showed greater functional ability improvement than did women who did not participate (pinteraction = 0.05). In communities with high social cohesion, older men who perceived that their communities’ social cohesion was high showed greater functional ability improvement than men who perceived it to be low (pinteraction = 0.02). Community social capital can thus affect functional ability improvements variously, depending on individual psychosocial characteristics and gender. Community interventions aiming to foster social capital should focus on people who are excluded from existing opportunities to participate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airi Amemiya
- Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Junko Saito
- Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Masashige Saito
- Faculty of Social Welfare, Nihon Fukushi University, Okuda, Miahamacyo, Chitagun, Aichi 470-3295, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Takagi
- Department of Health and Social Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Maho Haseda
- Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Yukako Tani
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 360-0856, Japan.
- Department of Gerontological Evaluation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Moriokacho, Obu-shi, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Naoki Kondo
- Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
- Department of Health and Social Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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78
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Tsuji T, Miyaguni Y, Kanamori S, Hanazato M, Kondo K. Community-level Sports Group Participation and Older Individuals' Depressive Symptoms. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 50:1199-1205. [PMID: 29298218 PMCID: PMC6023572 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Community-level group participation is a structural aspect of social capital that may have a contextual influence on an individual’s health. Herein, we sought to investigate a contextual relationship between community-level prevalence of sports group participation and depressive symptoms in older individuals. Methods We used data from the 2010 Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study, a population-based, cross-sectional study of individuals 65 yr or older without long-term care needs in Japan. Overall, 74,681 participants in 516 communities were analyzed. Depressive symptoms were diagnosed as a 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale score of ≥5. Participation in a sports group 1 d·month−1 or more often was defined as “participation.” For this study, we applied two-level multilevel Poisson regression analysis stratified by sex, calculated prevalence ratios (PR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Overall, 17,420 individuals (23.3%) had depressive symptoms, and 16,915 (22.6%) participated in a sports group. Higher prevalence of community-level sports group participation had a statistically significant relationship with a lower likelihood of depressive symptoms (male: PR, 0.89 (95% CI, 0.85–0.92); female: PR, 0.96 (95% CI, 0.92–0.99), estimated by 10% of participation proportion) after adjusting for individual-level sports group participation, age, diseases, family form, alcohol, smoking, education, equivalent income, and population density. We found statistically significant cross-level interaction terms in male participants only (PR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.77–0.95). Conclusions We found a contextual preventive relationship between community-level sports group participation and depressive symptoms in older individuals. Therefore, promoting sports groups in a community may be effective as a population-based strategy for the prevention of depression in older individuals. Furthermore, the benefit may favor male sports group participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Tsuji
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, JAPAN
| | - Yasuhiro Miyaguni
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, JAPAN
| | - Satoru Kanamori
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, JAPAN.,Human Resource Management Department, ITOCHU Techno-Solutions Corporation, Shinagawa, Tokyo, JAPAN
| | - Masamichi Hanazato
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, JAPAN
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, JAPAN.,Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, JAPAN
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79
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Does Community-Level Social Capital Predict Decline in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living? A JAGES Prospective Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16050828. [PMID: 30866468 PMCID: PMC6427449 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16050828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) represent the most relevant action capacity in older people with regard to independent living. Previous studies have reported that there are geographical disparities in IADL decline. This study examined the associations between each element of community-level social capital (SC) and IADL disability. This prospective cohort study conducted between 2010 and 2013 by the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) surveyed 30,587 people aged 65 years or older without long-term care requirements in 380 communities throughout Japan. Multilevel logistic-regression analyses were used to determine whether association exists between community-level SC (i.e., civic participation, social cohesion, and reciprocity) and IADL disability, with adjustment for individual-level SC and covariates such as demographic variables, socioeconomic status, health status, and behavior. At three-year follow-up, 2886 respondents (9.4%) had suffered IADL disability. Residents in a community with higher civic participation showed significantly lower IADL disability (odds ratio: 0.90 per 1 standard deviation increase in civic participation score, 95% confidence interval: 0.84⁻0.96) after adjustment for covariates. Two other community-level SC elements showed no significant associations with IADL disability. Our findings suggest that community-based interventions to promote community-level civic participation could help prevent or reduce IADL disability in older people.
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80
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Comparison of Objective and Perceived Access to Food Stores Associated with Intake Frequencies of Vegetables/Fruits and Meat/Fish among Community-Dwelling Older Japanese. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16050772. [PMID: 30832455 PMCID: PMC6427395 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16050772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to compare access to the nearest food stores with perceived access associated with intake frequencies of vegetables/fruits and meat/fish among older Japanese people. We used intake frequencies of vegetables/fruits and meat/fish from a self-administered questionnaire in the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study among 83,384 adults aged over 65 years. We defined distance over 1 km as poor objective access in community level. We performed multilevel regression analysis to investigate the association of objective and perceived access with intake frequencies of vegetables/fruits and meat/fish, respectively. Participants who lived in poor objective access had a significantly higher intake frequency of vegetables/fruits than those who lived in good access. In contrast, residents with poor perceived access consumed lower frequent intake of vegetables/fruits (beta coefficient (standard error) 0.086 (0.021) for objective access; -0.093 (0.009) for perceived access). There was no significant association between objective access and intake frequency of meat/fish, but poor perceived access showed a significant association with lower intake frequency of meat/fish. There was inconsistency between objective and perceived measurement of access to food stores associated with dietary habits among older Japanese adults. Food access needs to be comprehensively assessed, while considering characteristics of measurements.
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81
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Liu J, Rozelle S, Xu Q, Yu N, Zhou T. Social Engagement and Elderly Health in China: Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16020278. [PMID: 30669415 PMCID: PMC6352065 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16020278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the impact of social engagement on elderly health in China. A two-stage residual inclusion (2SRI) regression approach was used to examine the causal relationship. Our dataset comprises 9253 people aged 60 or above from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS) conducted in 2011 and 2013. Social engagement significantly improved the self-rated health of the elderly and reduced mental distress, but had no effect on chronic disease status. Compared with the rural areas, social engagement played a more important role in promoting the elderly health status in urban areas. Social engagement could affect the health status of the elderly through health behavior change and access to health resources. To improve the health of the elderly in China and promote healthy aging, the government should not only improve access to effective medical care but also encourage greater social engagement of the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liu
- Institute of Finance and Economics, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, NO.777, Guoding Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, China.
- Research Institute for Agriculture, Farmer and Rural Society in China, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, NO.777, Guoding Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Scott Rozelle
- Rural Education Action Program, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Qing Xu
- Institute of Finance and Economics, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, NO.777, Guoding Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, China.
- Research Institute for Agriculture, Farmer and Rural Society in China, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, NO.777, Guoding Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Ning Yu
- Rural Education Action Program, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Tianshu Zhou
- Institute of Finance and Economics, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, NO.777, Guoding Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, China.
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82
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Nawa N, Fujiwara T. Association between social capital and second dose of measles vaccination in Japan: Results from the A-CHILD study. Vaccine 2019; 37:877-881. [PMID: 30611602 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Measles vaccination is important to prevent outbreak, and social capital can be an important preventive factor. However, there have been very few studies that investigated the association between social capital and measles vaccination, especially the second dose, which is more likely to be suboptimal. This study aimed to investigate the association between social capital and second dose of measles vaccine. METHODS Data were derived from a population-based study of first-grade elementary school children (6-7 years old) in Adachi City, Tokyo. Caregivers were asked to complete a questionnaire, and 4291 of them provided a valid response (response rate: 80.1%). Among these 4291 valid responses, 69 responses were excluded since variables for social capital measures were missing, which resulted in analytic sample size of 4222. We analyzed the association between measles vaccination and social capital including social ties, social trust and mutual aid by multilevel logistic regression analysis with a random intercept model. RESULTS About 8.9% of the children did not receive a second dose of measles-containing vaccines. After covariates adjustments, increase of one-standard-deviation of poor individual-level social ties showed 11% lower odds of receiving measles-containing vaccines (OR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.80-0.99). By contrast, no significant association between community-level social ties and measles vaccination was found. Regarding social trust, no significant association between individual-level social trust and measles vaccination was found. However, increase of one-standard-deviation of poor community-level social trust showed 11% lower odds of receiving measles-containing vaccines (OR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.79-0.998). There was no association between mutual aid and measles vaccination. CONCLUSION Social ties and social trust were associated with second dose of measles vaccination. Fostering social capital may be effective in raising the low rate of second dose of measles vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutoshi Nawa
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Education, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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83
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Association between exposure to health information and mortality: Reduced mortality among women exposed to information via TV programs. Soc Sci Med 2019; 221:124-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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84
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Tsuruta K, Shiomitsu T, Hombu A, Fujii Y. Relationship between social capital and happiness in a Japanese community: A cross-sectional study. Nurs Health Sci 2018; 21:245-252. [PMID: 30592119 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The influence of social capital on happiness is attracting attention around the world. Many studies that investigated the relationship between social capital and happiness suggest that happiness correlates to a positive social environment. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between social capital and happiness in a community with the lowest National Health Insurance expenditures in Miyazaki Prefecture (Japan). This cross-sectional study targeted 2730 residents in the community aged 40-75 years who were covered by National Health Insurance in 2015. A self-administered questionnaire consisting of questions focusing on demographic characteristics, happiness, and social capital was sent to the residents, and 1106 of them (40.5%) returned the questionnaires by the deadline. The analysis of responses indicated a positive relationship between social capital and happiness with regard to all three factors of social capital (trust, connections and interaction, and social participation). Evaluating the relationship between social capital and health in terms of happiness is important to creating a lively society in which citizens support one another, in addition to promoting physical and mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurumi Tsuruta
- Department of Community Health and Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Tomoko Shiomitsu
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Makuhari Human Care, Tohto College of Health Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Amy Hombu
- Department of English, Language Education Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fujii
- Department of Mathematics Education, Faculty of Education, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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85
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Yamaguchi M, Inoue Y, Shinozaki T, Saito M, Takagi D, Kondo K, Kondo N. Community Social Capital and Depressive Symptoms Among Older People in Japan: A Multilevel Longitudinal Study. J Epidemiol 2018; 29:363-369. [PMID: 30473545 PMCID: PMC6737188 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20180078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to examine the contextual effects of community-level social capital on the onset of depressive symptoms using a longitudinal study design. Methods We used questionnaire data from the 2010 and 2013 waves of the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study that included 14,465 men and 14,600 women aged over 65 years from 295 communities. We also used data of a three-wave panel (2006–2010–2013) to test the robustness of the findings (n = 7,424). Using sex-stratified multilevel logistic regression, we investigated the lagged associations between three scales of baseline community social capital and the development of depressive symptoms. Results Community civic participation was inversely associated with the onset of depressive symptoms (men: adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88–0.99 and women: AOR 0.94; 95% CI, 0.88–0.997 per 1 standard deviation unit change in the score), while no such association was found in relation to the other two scales on social cohesion and reciprocity. This association was attenuated by the adjustment of individual responses to the civic participation component. Individual-level scores corresponding to all three community social capital components were significantly associated with lower risks for depressive symptoms. The results using the three-wave data set showed statistically less clear but similar associations. Conclusions Promoting environment and services enhancing to community group participation might help mitigate the impact of late-life depression in an aging society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Yamaguchi
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institutes of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | - Yosuke Inoue
- Carolina Population Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Tomohiro Shinozaki
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, the University of Tokyo
| | - Masashige Saito
- Department of Social Welfare, Nihon Fukushi University.,Center for Well-being and Society, Nihon Fukushi University
| | - Daisuke Takagi
- Department of Health and Social Behavior, School of Public Health, the University of Tokyo.,Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, School of Public Health, the University of Tokyo
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Center for Well-being and Society, Nihon Fukushi University.,Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University.,Department of Gerontological Evaluation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology
| | - Naoki Kondo
- Department of Health and Social Behavior, School of Public Health, the University of Tokyo.,Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, School of Public Health, the University of Tokyo
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86
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Nawa N, Isumi A, Fujiwara T. Community-level social capital, parental psychological distress, and child physical abuse: a multilevel mediation analysis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2018; 53:1221-1229. [PMID: 29915901 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-018-1547-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between community-level social capital and physical abuse towards children, and the mediating effect of parental psychological distress by multilevel mediation analyses. METHODS We analyzed data from a population-based study of first-grade elementary school children (6-7 years old) in Adachi City, Tokyo, Japan. The caregivers of first-grade students from all elementary schools in Adachi City (N = 5355) were asked to respond to a questionnaire assessing parents' self-reported physical abuse (beating and hitting) and neighborhood social capital. Among them, 4291 parents returned valid responses (response rate 80.1%). We performed multilevel analyses to determine the relationships between community-level parental social capital and physical abuse, and further multilevel mediation analyses were performed to determine whether parental psychological distress mediated the association. RESULTS Low community-level social capital was positively associated with physical abuse (both beating and hitting) after adjustment for other individual covariates (beating: middle, OR = 1.54, 95% CI 1.11-2.13; low, OR = 1.33, 95% CI 0.94-1.88; and hitting: middle, OR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.02-1.80; low, OR = 1.16, 95% CI 0.86-1.57). Multilevel mediation analyses revealed that community-level parental psychological distress did not mediate the association (indirect effect ß = 0.10, 95% CI - 0.10 to 0.29, p = 0.34 for beating; ß = 0.03, 95% CI - 0.16 to 0.23, p = 0.74 for hitting). CONCLUSIONS Fostering community-level social capital might be important for developing a strategy to prevent child maltreatment, which may have a direct impact on abusive behavior towards children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutoshi Nawa
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Aya Isumi
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
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87
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Isumi A, Fujiwara T, Nawa N, Ochi M, Kato T. Mediating effects of parental psychological distress and individual-level social capital on the association between child poverty and maltreatment in Japan. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2018; 83:142-150. [PMID: 30025304 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Child poverty is well known as a major risk factor for child maltreatment. However, it is not known whether parental psychological distress and individual-level social capital mediate the association. We examined the mediation effect of these two factors on the association between child poverty and maltreatment. In the Adachi Child Health Impact of Living Difficulty (A-CHILD) Study, a questionnaire was administered to all caregivers of first-grade children in every public elementary school in Adachi City between July and November 2015, and valid responses were used for analysis (N = 3944). Logistic and Poisson regression analyses were employed to examine the association between child poverty and maltreatment. Child poverty was defined in this study as meeting one of these criteria: 1) household income less than 3 million yen; 2) deprivation of specific material items that children or the household requires, or 3) experience of being unable to pay for lifeline utilities. Child maltreatment (physical abuse, neglect, and psychological abuse) was answered by parents. We confirmed a robust association between child poverty and maltreatment. Mediation analysis indicated that parental psychological distress mediated more than 60% of the association between child poverty on physical abuse and psychological abuse, while individual-level social capital mediated only 10% of the association with any type of maltreatment. In addition, structural equation modeling analysis revealed that the association was mediated by both parental psychological distress and social capital simultaneously. The findings suggest that supporting parental psychological distress may be an effective intervention to remedy the negative impact of child poverty on maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Isumi
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Nobutoshi Nawa
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manami Ochi
- Japan Support Center for Suicide Countermeasures, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuguhiko Kato
- Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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88
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Tsuji T, Kondo K, Kondo N, Aida J, Takagi D. Development of a risk assessment scale predicting incident functional disability among older people: Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18:1433-1438. [PMID: 30105800 PMCID: PMC6220974 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aim The aim of the present study was to develop a risk assessment scale for predicting incident functional disability among older adults. Methods We used prospective cohort data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study, a nationwide survey of 90 889 functionally independent older people collected from 23 municipalities. The incidence of functional disability was determined from long‐term care information obtained from municipal insurance databases. We constructed a Cox proportional hazards model with forward stepwise selection that used sex, age, and 12 of the essential items of the Public Survey of Long‐Term Care Prevention and Needs in Spheres of Daily Life (the Needs Survey). We assigned a score based on the obtained non‐standardized regression coefficients for each item and summed the scores to establish the risk assessment scale. The predictive validity was examined. Results The cumulative incidence of functional disability during the 3‐year follow‐up period was 9.7%. A risk assessment scale of 0–48 that used sex, age and the Needs Survey's 10 essential items was established. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.804, and the sensitivity and specificity were both 0.733 (cut‐off 16/17). There was no significant intermunicipality difference in the associations between the total scores calculated by using the scale and the risk of new incidence (P = 0.135). Conclusions We developed a risk assessment scale predicting incident functional disability composed of 10 essential items of the Needs Survey, sex and age. The scale had superior predictive validity, regardless of the level of urbanness. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1433–1438.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Tsuji
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba City, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Gerontological Evaluation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu City, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naoki Kondo
- Department of Health and Social Behavior, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo Ward, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Aida
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai City, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takagi
- Department of Health and Social Behavior, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo Ward, Tokyo, Japan
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89
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Haseda M, Kondo N, Takagi D, Kondo K. Community social capital and inequality in depressive symptoms among older Japanese adults: A multilevel study. Health Place 2018; 52:8-17. [PMID: 29775833 PMCID: PMC6075939 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Although studies have suggested that community social capital contributes to narrow income-based inequality in depression, the impacts may depend on its components. Our multilevel cross-sectional analysis of data from 42,208 men and 45,448 women aged 65 years or older living in 565 school districts in Japan found that higher community-level civic participation (i.e., average levels of group participation in the community) was positively associated with the prevalence of depressive symptoms among the low-income groups, independent of individual levels of group participation. Two other social capital components (cohesion and reciprocity) did not significantly alter the association between income and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Haseda
- Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Naoki Kondo
- Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Health and Social Behavior, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Takagi
- Department of Health and Social Behavior, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuou-ku, Chiba City, Chiba, Japan; Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Morioka Town 7-430, Obu City, Aichi, Japan.
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90
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Sato Y, Aida J, Tsuboya T, Shirai K, Koyama S, Matsuyama Y, Kondo K, Osaka K. Generalized and particularized trust for health between urban and rural residents in Japan: A cohort study from the JAGES project. Soc Sci Med 2018; 202:43-53. [PMID: 29501718 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies on trust and health have not fully considered the nature of trust in relation to types of trust and socio-cultural background. The present study aimed to examine whether generalized trust (trust in general people; GT) and particularized trust (trust in particular people; PT) in urban and rural areas had different associations with health. This prospective cohort study on older adults used panel data obtained in 2010 and 2013. Surveys were conducted in 24 municipalities in Japan. Of 20,209 respondents, 13,657 participants were followed up. The independent variables were GT and PT in neighbors; the dependent variable was self-rated health (SRH) at follow-up. We examined the interaction term between population density and each trust variable. Age, sex, SRH at the baseline, and other potential confounders were adjusted. The median age was 72 years (females: 53.4%). Percentages of high GT and high PT were 21.0% and 72.4%, respectively. Prevalence of poor SRH at the follow-up was 15.5% and 28.5% in high and low GT, respectively, and 16.9% and 32.8% in high and low PT, respectively. After adjusting for covariates in logistic regression models, low GT and PT were significantly associated with higher odds ratios (ORs) for poor SRH compared to high trust (GT: OR = 1.43 [95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.17, 1.75] and PT: OR = 1.44 [95%CI = 1.15, 1.81]). Associations of low PT with poor SRH significantly strengthened when population density increased (interaction term of low PT: OR = 1.16 [95%CI = 1.04, 1.27]). On the other hand, associations of GT with SRH were not significantly interacted by population density. The mediation analysis showed that the direct effects of PT influenced SRH in urban areas only. In urban areas with high social uncertainty, trust in particular neighbors was more beneficial to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Sato
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Jun Aida
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Toru Tsuboya
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Kokoro Shirai
- Public Health, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Shihoko Koyama
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan; Division of Community Oral Health Science, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Matsuyama
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan; Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan; Japan Society for the promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Science, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Department of Gerontological Evaluation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Ken Osaka
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan.
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91
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Honjo K, Tani Y, Saito M, Sasaki Y, Kondo K, Kawachi I, Kondo N. Living Alone or With Others and Depressive Symptoms, and Effect Modification by Residential Social Cohesion Among Older Adults in Japan: The JAGES Longitudinal Study. J Epidemiol 2018; 28:315-322. [PMID: 29398683 PMCID: PMC6004365 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20170065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is little longitudinal evidence on the impact of specific living arrangements (ie, who individuals live with) on mental health among older adults, and no studies have examined the modifying effect of residential social cohesion level on this association. We aimed to examine the association between living arrangements and depressive symptoms and whether this association varies with residential neighborhood social cohesion level among 19,656 men and 22,513 women aged 65 years and older in Japan. Methods We analyzed the association between baseline living arrangements in 2010 and depressive symptoms in 2013. We calculated gender-specific odds ratios (ORs) of living arrangements for depressive symptoms using a logistic regression and conducted subgroup analyses by neighborhood social cohesion level. Results Among men (but not women), living alone (OR 1.43; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.18–1.73) and living with spouse and parent (OR 1.47, 95% CI, 1.09–1.98) were associated with increased odds of depressive symptoms compared with living with a spouse only. Living with spouse and child was a risk for men in the young age group but a protective factor for women. We also identified that the negative impact of living arrangements on depressive symptoms was attenuated in neighborhoods with higher levels of social cohesion. Conclusions Living arrangements are associated with risk of depressive symptoms among men and women; these associations differ by gender and neighborhood social cohesion level. Our results suggest the need to pay more attention to whether individuals live alone, as well as who individuals live with, to prevent depressive symptoms among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Honjo
- Osaka Medical College, Faculty of Medicine.,Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Public Health
| | - Yukako Tani
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
| | | | - Yuri Sasaki
- Chiba University, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Chiba University, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences.,Department of Gerontological Evaluation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences
| | - Naoki Kondo
- The University of Tokyo, School of Public Health
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92
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Saito Y, Oguma Y, Tajima T, Kato R, Kibayashi Y, Miyachi M, Takebayashi T. Association of high individual-level of social capital with increased physical activity among community-dwelling elderly men and women: a cross-sectional study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.7600/jspfsm.67.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinobu Saito
- Graduate School of Health Management, Keio University
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Keio University
| | - Yuko Oguma
- Graduate School of Health Management, Keio University
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Keio University
| | | | - Riri Kato
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Keio University
| | - Yayoi Kibayashi
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Keio University
- Institute of Physical Education, Keio University
| | - Motohiko Miyachi
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, NIBIOHN
| | - Toru Takebayashi
- Graduate School of Health Management, Keio University
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University
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