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A K, Uddandrao VVS, Parim B, Ganapathy S, P R N, Kancharla SC, P R, K S, Sasikumar V. Reversal of high fat diet-induced obesity through modulating lipid metabolic enzymes and inflammatory markers expressions in rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2019; 125:228-234. [PMID: 29553847 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1452036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the ameliorative potential of Cucurbita maxima seeds oil (CSO (100 mg/kg body weight)) supplementation to high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats for 30 days on the changes in body weight, markers of lipid metabolism such as LDL, HDL, triglycerides, total cholesterol, adiponectin, leptin, amylase, and lipase. We also investigated the effects of CSO on the changes of lipid metabolic enzymes such as fatty-acid synthase, acetyl CoA carboxylase, carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1, HMG CoA reductase, and inflammatory markers (TNF-α and IL-6). Administration of CSO revealed significant diminution in body weight gain, altered the activity, expressions of lipid marker enzymes and inflammatory markers. It demonstrated that CSO had considerably altered these parameters when evaluated with HFD control rats. In conclusion, this study suggested that CSO might ameliorate the HFD-induced obesity by altering the enzymes and mRNA expressions important to lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalaivani A
- a Department of Biochemistry , Centre for Biological Sciences, K. S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous) , Tiruchengode , India
- b Department of Biochemistry , PGP College of Art and Science , Namakkal , India
| | - V V Sathibabu Uddandrao
- a Department of Biochemistry , Centre for Biological Sciences, K. S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous) , Tiruchengode , India
| | - Brahmanaidu Parim
- c ICMR-National Animal Resource Facility for Biomedical Research (NARFBR) , Hyderabad , India
| | - Saravanan Ganapathy
- a Department of Biochemistry , Centre for Biological Sciences, K. S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous) , Tiruchengode , India
| | - Nivedha P R
- a Department of Biochemistry , Centre for Biological Sciences, K. S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous) , Tiruchengode , India
| | | | - Rameshreddy P
- a Department of Biochemistry , Centre for Biological Sciences, K. S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous) , Tiruchengode , India
| | - Swapna K
- a Department of Biochemistry , Centre for Biological Sciences, K. S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous) , Tiruchengode , India
| | - Vadivukkarasi Sasikumar
- a Department of Biochemistry , Centre for Biological Sciences, K. S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous) , Tiruchengode , India
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52
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Sim WS, Choi SI, Cho BY, Choi SH, Han X, Cho HD, Kim SH, Lee BY, Kang IJ, Cho JH, Lee OH. Anti-Obesity Effect of Extract from Nelumbo Nucifera L., Morus Alba L., and Raphanus Sativus Mixture in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and C57BL/6J Obese Mice. Foods 2019; 8:E170. [PMID: 31109115 PMCID: PMC6560450 DOI: 10.3390/foods8050170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant and anti-adipogenic activities of a mixture of Nelumbo nucifera L., Morus alba L., and Raphanus sativus were investigated and their anti-obesity activities were established in vitro and in vivo. Among the 26 different mixtures of extraction solvent and mixture ratios, ethanol extract mixture no. 1 (EM01) showed the highest antioxidant (α,α-Diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl, total phenolic contents) and anti-adipogenic (Oil-Red O staining) activities. EM01 inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes compared to quercetin-3-O-glucuronide. Furthermore, body, liver, and adipose tissue weights decreased in the high-fat diet (HFD)-EM01 group compared to in the high-fat diet control group (HFD-CTL). EM01 lowered blood glucose levels elevated by the HFD. Lipid profiles were improved following EM01 treatment. Serum adiponectin significantly increased, while leptin, insulin growth factor-1, non-esterified fatty acid, and glucose significantly decreased in the HFD-EM01 group. Adipogenesis and lipogenesis-related genes were suppressed, while fat oxidation-related genes increased following EM01 administration. Thus, EM01 may be a natural anti-obesity agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Sup Sim
- Department of food science and biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
| | - Sun-Il Choi
- Department of food science and biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
| | - Bong-Yeon Cho
- Department of food science and biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
| | - Seung-Hyun Choi
- Department of food science and biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
| | - Xionggao Han
- Department of food science and biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
| | | | - Seung-Hyung Kim
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Korea.
| | - Boo-Yong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongam, Gyeonggi 13488, Korea.
| | - Il-Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
| | | | - Ok-Hwan Lee
- Department of food science and biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.
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53
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Chen GL, Fan MX, Wu JL, Li N, Guo MQ. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of flavonoids from lotus plumule. Food Chem 2019; 277:706-712. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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54
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Chen G, Zhu M, Guo M. Research advances in traditional and modern use of Nelumbo nucifera: phytochemicals, health promoting activities and beyond. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 59:S189-S209. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1553846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Mingzhi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Mingquan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
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Tseng HC, Tsai PM, Chou YH, Lee YC, Lin HH, Chen JH. In Vitro and In Vivo Protective Effects of Flavonoid-Enriched Lotus Seedpod Extract on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Hepatic Inflammation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:153-176. [PMID: 30612458 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plays an important role in the acceleration of hepatic inflammation. Natural medicinal plants that can prevent inflammation by targeting LPS have potential therapeutic clinical application. The aim of the study is to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of lotus seedpod extract (LSE), used as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with hemostasis function and for eliminating bruise, on the LPS-induced hepatic inflammation and its underlying molecular mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, LSE and its purified compound (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) dose-dependently inhibited the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α , interleukin (IL)-6, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), without affecting cell viability in LPS-stimulated human hepatoma cell line HepG2. Molecular studies showed the anti-LPS effect of HLP or EGC might be mediated via downregulation of Toll-like receptor 4. (TLR4)-mediated both NF- κ B and p38 signaling, as demonstrated by the usage of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), a specific NF- κ B inhibitor. In vivo, LPS-induced hepatic inflammation was significantly ameliorated in LSE-fed mice as gauged by dose-dependent inhibition of serum levels of biochemical markers of liver damage, the changes of hepatic lobular architecture and the secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators, as well as induction of anti-oxidant enzymes. As a result, our data presented the first evidence of EGC-enriched LSE as an anti-inflammatory agent in LPS-stimulated HepG2 cells and mice, and these findings may open interesting perspectives to the strategy in treatment for hepatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Chun Tseng
- * Department of Radiation Oncology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.,† Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Min Tsai
- * Department of Radiation Oncology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.,‡ Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsiang Chou
- * Department of Radiation Oncology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Chun Lee
- * Department of Radiation Oncology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hsuan Lin
- * Department of Radiation Oncology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.,§ Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Hsien Chen
- * Department of Radiation Oncology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan.,‡ Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
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Karri S, Sharma S, Hatware K, Patil K. Natural anti-obesity agents and their therapeutic role in management of obesity: A future trend perspective. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 110:224-238. [PMID: 30481727 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present scenario, obesity is a challenging health problem and its prevalence along with comorbidities are on the rise around the world. According to world health organization and organisation for economic co-operation and development epidemiology reports, overweight and obesity are the fifth foremost causes of deaths globally. The increasing rate of obesity is becoming a mammoth problem which enormously affects an individual's quality of life. The conventional therapy of obesity mainly involves synthetic moieties and surgical procedures, which has many harmful side effects and chances of recurrence with severity. Hence, the Present review is a metanalysis of all the available data on the use of the plants with their biological source, active phytochemical constituents and a probable mechanism of action as natural anti-obesity agents. The metanalysis of data during the period of 2000-2018 was performed with the help of scientific data search engine National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI/PubMed). This data reveals the need and scope of further research in the development of new natural phytoconstituents for the management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sravani Karri
- NMIMS, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjay Sharma
- NMIMS, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Ketan Hatware
- NMIMS, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kiran Patil
- NMIMS, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
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Zhang C, Deng J, Liu D, Tuo X, Xiao L, Lai B, Yao Q, Liu J, Yang H, Wang N. Nuciferine ameliorates hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet/streptozocin-induced diabetic mice through a PPARα/PPARγ coactivator-1α pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:4218-4228. [PMID: 30129056 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Nuciferine, an alkaloid found in Nelumbo nucifera leaves, alleviates dyslipidemia in vivo. However, whether it improves liver injury in diabetic conditions and the underlying mechanism is unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of nuciferine on lipid and glucose metabolism in a murine model of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to determine the underlying mechanisms of these effects. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A murine model of T2DM was induced by high-fat diet (HFD) feeding combined with streptozocin (STZ) injections, and the diabetic mice were treated with nuciferine in their food. The underlying mechanism of the anti-steatotic effect of nuciferine was further explored in HepG2 hepatocytes cultured with palmitic acid. Major signalling profiles involved in fatty acid oxidation were then evaluated, using Western blot, RT-qPCR and si-RNA techniques, along with immunohistochemistry. KEY RESULTS Nuciferine restored impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in diabetic mice. Hepatic levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL were decreased, as were the number of lipid droplets, by nuciferine treatment. Furthermore, nuciferine up-regulated β-oxidation related genes in livers of diabetic mice. Luciferase reporter cell assay showed that nuciferine directly reversed palmitic acid-induced inhibition of PPARα transcriptional activity. Silencing PPARγ coactivator-1α (PGC1α) expression in HepG2 cells abolished the effects of nuciferine in accelerating β-oxidation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Nuciferine improved lipid profile and attenuated hepatic steatosis in HFD/STZ-induced diabetic mice by activating the PPARα/PGC1α pathway. Nuciferine may be a potentially important candidate in improving hepatic steatosis and the management of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianjun Deng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xingxia Tuo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Xiao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Baochang Lai
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qinyu Yao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haixia Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nanping Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,The Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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58
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Guruvaiah P, Guo H, Li D, Xie Z. Preventive Effect of Flavonol Derivatives Abundant Sanglan Tea on Long-Term High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity Complications in C57BL/6 Mice. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091276. [PMID: 30201876 PMCID: PMC6164069 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sanglan Tea (SLT) is a Chinese medicine-based formulation that is consumed as a health drink for the effective management of obesity-associated complications. However, its chemical components and mechanism of action in the prevention of hepatic steatosis and obesity-related impairments have been uncertain. In this study, we aimed to unveil the chemical profile of SLT and to explore its preventive mechanism in high-fat-diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and obesity-related consequences in C57BL/6 mice. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to a quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of SLT indicated that analogs of quercetin and kaempferol are major compounds of flavonoids in SLT. A dietary supplement of SLT efficiently managed the blood glucose elevation, retained the serum total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) levels, as well as aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, and reduced the fat storage in the liver induced by a high-fat diet. The underlying mechanism of this preventive effect is hypothesized to be related to the inhibition of over-expression of lipogenesis and adipogenesis-related genes. Overall, this study suggests that SLT, being rich in quercetin and kaempferol analogs, could be a potential food supplement for the prevention of high-fat-diet-induced NAFLD and obesity-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponmari Guruvaiah
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Huimin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Daxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Zhongwen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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59
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Ye LH, He XX, You C, Tao X, Wang LS, Zhang MD, Zhou YF, Chang Q. Pharmacokinetics of Nuciferine and N-Nornuciferine, Two Major Alkaloids From Nelumbo nucifera Leaves, in Rat Plasma and the Brain. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:902. [PMID: 30210336 PMCID: PMC6123365 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The leaf of the lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is a natural plant resource used as both food and herbal medicine (He-Ye) in China. Alkaloids are considered the major bioactive compound of the herb and exhibit various biological activities, including anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hyperuricemic effects. Nuciferine (NF) and N-nuciferine (N-NF) are two major alkaloids found in the herb. In the present work, the plasma and brain pharmacokinetics of the two compounds were investigated after oral and intravenous (i.v.) administration of a lotus leaf alkaloid fraction to SD rats via ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection and brain microdialysis. After oral administration (50 mg/kg), the two compounds NF and N-NF were rapidly absorbed into the blood and reached a mean maximum concentration (Cmax) of 1.71 μg/mL at 0.9 h and 0.57 μg/mL at 1.65 h, respectively. After i.v. administration (10 mg/kg), NF and N-NF were found to have a relatively wide volume of distribution (Vd, λz, 9.48 and 15.17 L/kg, respectively) and slow elimination half-life (t1/2, λz, 2.09 and 3.84 h, respectively). The oral bioavailability of NF and N-NF was estimated as 58.13% and 79.91%, respectively. After i.v. dosing (20 mg/kg), the two compounds rapidly crossed the blood-brain barrier and reached their Cmax (in unbound form): 0.32 and 0.16 μg/mL at 0.89 and 1.22 h, respectively. Both alkaloids had widespread distribution in the brain, with Vd, λz/F-values of 19.78 L/kg and 16.17 L/kg, respectively. The mean t1/2, λz values of NF and N-NF in the brain were 1.24 and 1.39 h, respectively. These results can help us to better understand the characteristics and neuro-pharmacological effects of the lotus alkaloid fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Hu Ye
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Bijie, Bijie, China
| | - Xiao-Xi He
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chang You
- Beijing Institute of Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Tao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Sha Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Di Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Feng Zhou
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Chang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Mollica A, Zengin G, Durdagi S, Ekhteiari Salmas R, Macedonio G, Stefanucci A, Dimmito MP, Novellino E. Combinatorial peptide library screening for discovery of diverse α-glucosidase inhibitors using molecular dynamics simulations and binary QSAR models. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:726-740. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1439403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Mollica
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università̀ di Chieti-Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Serdar Durdagi
- Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul 34349, Turkey
- Neuroscience Program, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ramin Ekhteiari Salmas
- Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul 34349, Turkey
| | - Giorgia Macedonio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università̀ di Chieti-Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Azzurra Stefanucci
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università̀ di Chieti-Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Marilisa Pia Dimmito
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università̀ di Chieti-Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, Naples 49, 80131, Italy
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Limwachiranon J, Huang H, Shi Z, Li L, Luo Z. Lotus Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids: Health Promotion and Safe Consumption Dosages. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:458-471. [PMID: 33350075 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn., also known as the sacred lotus, is extensively cultivated in Southeast Asia, primarily for food and as an herbal medicine. This article reviews studies published between 1995 and 2017, on flavonoid and phenolic acid profiles and contents of 154 different cultivars of lotus. So far, some 12 phenolic acids and 89 to 90 flavonoids (47 flavonols, 25 to 26 flavons, 8 flavan-3-ols, 4 flavanons, and 5 anthocyanins) have been isolated from different parts of the lotus plant, including its leaves (whole leaf, leaf pulp, leaf vein, and leaf stalk), seeds (seedpod, epicarp, coat, kernel, and embryo), and flowers (stamen, petal, pistil, and stalk), although not all of them have been quantified. Factors affecting flavonoids and phenolic acid profiles, including types of tissues and extracting factors, are discussed in this review, in order to maximize the application of the lotus and its polyphenols in the food industry. Health promotion activities, attributed to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic acids, are described along with toxicology studies, illustrating appropriate usage and safe consumption dosages of lotus extracts. This review also presents the controversies and discusses the research gaps that limit our ability to obtain a thorough understanding of the bioactivities of lotus extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarukitt Limwachiranon
- Zhejiang Univ., College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Huang
- Zhejiang Univ., College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenghan Shi
- Zhejiang Univ., College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Zhejiang Univ., College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Zisheng Luo
- Zhejiang Univ., College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
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62
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Isolation and identification of a tribenzylisoquinoline alkaloid from Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn, a novel potential smooth muscle relaxant. Fitoterapia 2018; 124:58-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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63
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Qian Y, Chen X, Qi J, Liu X. A novel analytical method based on HPLC-PDA coupled post-column derivatization to evaluate the ability to inhibit tyrosine nitration in lotus leaf extracts. RSC Adv 2018; 8:38715-38720. [PMID: 35558301 PMCID: PMC9090667 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07087c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine nitration plays a key role in many inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Many natural products are used to treat these diseases through their ability to potentially interfere this reaction. Here, we describe a novel method to provide active fingerprinting of inhibition of tyrosine nitration by natural products based on post-column tyrosine nitration reaction analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a photometric diode array. Results indicated that lotus leaf extracts exhibited obvious inhibitory activity against tyrosine nitration by peroxynitrite, and that chemical and active fingerprints were simultaneously established, with the active fingerprints indicating the active compounds of the lotus leaves. Additionally, flavonoids were screened as the principal active compounds involved in inhibiting tyrosine nitration in the lotus leaf extracts, with quercetin-3-O-glucuronide and quercetin-3-O-glucoside exhibiting the greatest contributions. Moreover, our results suggested that lotus leaves from three regions (Nanjing, Suzhou, and Hangzhou) exhibited the best inhibitory activity. These findings indicated the usefulness of this method for screening active compounds involved in inhibiting protein tyrosine nitration, and that similar strategies can likely be applied to evaluate the inhibitory activity against tyrosine nitration of other natural products. A novel analytical method based on HPLC-PDA coupled post-column derivatization to evaluate the inhibitory activity of tyrosine nitration in lotus leaf extracts.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
- PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
- PR China
| | - Jin Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
- PR China
| | - Xuming Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
- PR China
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64
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Deng X, Zhao L, Fang T, Xiong Y, Ogutu C, Yang D, Vimolmangkang S, Liu Y, Han Y. Investigation of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthetic pathway and its transcriptional regulation in lotus. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2018; 5:29. [PMID: 29872534 PMCID: PMC5981371 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-018-0035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Lotus predominantly accumulates benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs), but their biosynthesis and regulation remain unclear. Here, we investigated structural and regulatory genes involved in BIA accumulation in lotus. Two clustered CYP80 genes were identified to be responsible for the biosynthesis of bis-BIAs and aporphine-type BIAs, respectively, and their tissue-specific expression causes divergence in alkaloid component between leaf and embryo. In contrast with the common (S)-reticuline precursor for most BIAs, aporphine alkaloids in lotus leaf may result from the (S)-N-methylcoclaurine precursor. Structural diversity of BIA alkaloids in the leaf is attributed to enzymatic modifications, including intramolecular C-C phenol coupling on ring A and methylation and demethylation at certain positions. Additionally, most BIA biosynthetic pathway genes show higher levels of expression in the leaf of high-BIA cultivar compared with low-BIA cultivar, suggesting transcriptional regulation of BIA accumulation in lotus. Five transcription factors, including three MYBs, one ethylene-responsive factor, and one basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH), were identified to be candidate regulators of BIA biosynthesis in lotus. Our study reveals a BIA biosynthetic pathway and its transcriptional regulation in lotus, which will enable a deeper understanding of BIA biosynthesis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbao Deng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Ting Fang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Yaqian Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Collins Ogutu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Sornkanok Vimolmangkang
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Yanling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Yuepeng Han
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
- Sino-African Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 China
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65
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Wu N, Xie H, Fang Y, Liu Y, Xi X, Chu Q, Dong G, Lan T, Wei Y. Isolation and purification of alkaloids from lotus leaves by ionic-liquid-modified high-speed countercurrent chromatography. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:571-577. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Huihui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Yingtong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Xingjun Xi
- China National Institute of Standardization; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Qiao Chu
- China National Institute of Standardization; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Genlai Dong
- China National Institute of Standardization; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Tao Lan
- China National Institute of Standardization; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Yun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing P. R. China
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66
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Rameshreddy P, Uddandrao VVS, Brahmanaidu P, Vadivukkarasi S, Ravindarnaik R, Suresh P, Swapna K, Kalaivani A, Parvathi P, Tamilmani P, Saravanan G. Obesity-alleviating potential of asiatic acid and its effects on ACC1, UCP2, and CPT1 mRNA expression in high fat diet-induced obese Sprague-Dawley rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 442:143-154. [PMID: 28993954 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3199-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of asiatic acid (AA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid from Centella asiatica on lipid metabolism parameters in a rat model of obesity induced using a high fat diet (HFD) for 42 days. AA (20 mg/kg body weight [BW]) was administered orally once daily for 42 days, and an orlistat-treated group of rats (10 mg/kg BW) was included for comparison. Changes in BW, blood glucose levels, insulin resistance and leptin, adiponectin, amylase, and lipase levels in the blood; lipid profiles of plasma; liver antioxidants levels; and acetyl CoA carboxylase(ACC), uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT1) mRNA expression were observed in the experimental rats. Our results revealed that AA (20 mg/kg BW), similar to orlistat, reduced the increase in BW; increased bone mineral contents and bone mineral densities; reduced blood glucose levels, insulin resistance, leptin, plasma lipid levels; increased adiponectin, amylase, lipase levels in the blood; showed antioxidant activity; and altered mRNA expression of lipid metabolism-related genes, including ACC, UCP 2, and CPT 1, in the HFD-fed rats. From these results, we concluded that AA possesses significant anti-obesity potential through the suppression of BW gain, lipid lowering action, development of insulin and leptin sensitivity, antioxidant activity, and increased mRNA expression of lipid metabolism-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rameshreddy
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Biological Sciences, K. S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Namakkal Dt, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, 637215, India
| | - V V Sathibabu Uddandrao
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Biological Sciences, K. S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Namakkal Dt, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, 637215, India
| | - Parim Brahmanaidu
- Department of Biotechnology, Vikrama Simhapuri University, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, 524003, India
| | - S Vadivukkarasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Biological Sciences, K. S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Namakkal Dt, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, 637215, India
| | - Ramavat Ravindarnaik
- National Centre for Laboratory Animal Sciences, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Pothani Suresh
- National Centre for Laboratory Animal Sciences, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - K Swapna
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Biological Sciences, K. S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Namakkal Dt, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, 637215, India
| | - A Kalaivani
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Biological Sciences, K. S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Namakkal Dt, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, 637215, India.,Department of Biochemistry, PGP College of Art and Science, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, 637207, India
| | - Parimi Parvathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Vikrama Simhapuri University, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, 524003, India
| | - P Tamilmani
- Department of Biochemistry, PGP College of Art and Science, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, 637207, India
| | - Ganapathy Saravanan
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Biological Sciences, K. S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Namakkal Dt, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, 637215, India.
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67
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Wu CH, Yang MY, Lee YJ, Wang CJ. Nelumbo nucifera leaf polyphenol extract inhibits breast cancer cells metastasis in vitro and in vivo through PKCα targeting. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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68
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Naveen P, Lingaraju HB, Anitha, Prasad KS. Simultaneous determination of rutin, isoquercetin, and quercetin flavonoids in Nelumbo nucifera by high-performance liquid chromatography method. Int J Pharm Investig 2017; 7:94-100. [PMID: 28929052 PMCID: PMC5553270 DOI: 10.4103/jphi.jphi_33_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The present study was investigated to provide a documentary evidence for the determination of rutin, isoquercetin, and quercetin flavonoids from the flora of Nelumbo nucifera by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Materials and Methods: RP-HPLC analysis was performed by gradient elution with a low-pressure gradient using 0.5% acetic acid: acetonitrile as a mobile phase with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The separation was done at 26°C using a Kinetex XB-C18 column as stationary phase and the detection wavelength at 356 nm. The proposed method was validated as per International Conference on Harmonisation guidelines with respect to specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ). Results: The validated results were within the acceptable limits. In specificity, the retention time of rutin, isoquercetin, and quercetin peak in the sample was matched with the reference standard peak and showed good resolution. An excellent linearity was obtained with correlation coefficient (r) higher than 0.999. In precision, the repeatability and intermediate showed <1.0% of % relative standard deviation of peak area percentage indicating high precision and accurate. The recovery rate for rutin, isoquercetin, and quercetin was between 99.85%–101.37%, 101.90%–103.24%, and 101.74%–106.73%, respectively. The lower LOD and LOQ of rutin, isoquercetin, and quercetin enable the detection and quantitation of these flavonoids in N. nucifera at low concentrations. Conclusion: The developed analytical method is convenient for the determination of flavonoids content in herbal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Naveen
- Analytical Research and Development, Vidya Herbs Pvt. Ltd, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - H B Lingaraju
- Phytochemistry Lab, Vidya Herbs Pvt., Ltd., Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Anitha
- Analytical Research and Development, Vidya Herbs Pvt. Ltd, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - K Shyam Prasad
- Phytochemistry Lab, Vidya Herbs Pvt., Ltd., Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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69
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Nderitu KW, Mwenda NS, Macharia NJ, Barasa SS, Ngugi MP. Antiobesity Activities of Methanolic Extracts of Amaranthus dubius, Cucurbita pepo, and Vigna unguiculata in Progesterone-Induced Obese Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2017; 2017:4317321. [PMID: 28947909 PMCID: PMC5602495 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4317321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Amaranthus dubius, Vigna unguiculata, and Cucurbita pepo are traditionally used to manage obesity in Kenya but lack scientific validation to support their use. The aim of this study was to determine the antiobesity activity of methanolic leaf extracts of these plants in progesterone-induced obese mice. The activity of the methanolic leaf extracts was orally bioscreened in progesterone-induced obese mice at 200 mg/kg/bw and 400 mg/kg/bw. Body mass index was calculated once per week for four weeks and blood samples were obtained at the end of the experiment for lipid profile analysis. Antiobesity activities of the extracts were compared with the controls. Leaf extracts of A. dubius, C. pepo, and V. unguiculata, at dose concentrations of 200 mg/kgbw and 400 mg/kgbw, showed significant effects on body mass index (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the three extracts on lipid parameter profiles (p > 0.05). The present study showed high food intake in the negative control group as compared with normal control, positive control, and treatment groups. These extracts contained various phytochemicals such as saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and steroids and therefore validate use of aforementioned plants in the suppression of obesity and their use for management of obesity is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Wanjiku Nderitu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Science, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Njagi Shadrack Mwenda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ndegwa John Macharia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Science, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Stephen Super Barasa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Science, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Mathew Piero Ngugi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
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70
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Park E, Kim GD, Go MS, Kwon D, Jung IK, Auh JH, Kim JH. Anti-inflammatory effects of Nelumbo leaf extracts and identification of their metabolites. Nutr Res Pract 2017; 11:265-274. [PMID: 28765772 PMCID: PMC5537535 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2017.11.4.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Nelumbo leaves have been used in traditional medicine to treat bleeding, gastritis, hemorrhoids, and halitosis. However, their mechanisms have not been elucidated. MATERIALS/METHODS The present study prepared two Nelumbo leaf extracts (NLEs) using water or 50% ethanol. Inflammatory response was induced with LPS treatment, and expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 and nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) productions were assessed. To determine the anti-inflammatory mechanism of NLEs, we measured nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity. Major metabolites of NLEs were also analyzed and quantified. RESULTS NLEs effectively reduced the expression and productions of pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, PGE2, and NO. NLEs also reduced NF-κB activity by inhibiting inhibitor of NF-κB phosphorylation. Both extracts contained catechin and quercetin, bioactive compounds of NLEs. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we showed that NLEs could be used to inhibit NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses. In addition, our data support the idea that NLEs can ameliorate disease conditions involving chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunkyo Park
- Department of Home Economics Education, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Gyoung Deuck Kim
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Chung-Ang University, 4726, Seodong-daero, Daedeok-myeon, Anseong, Gyeonggi 17546, Korea
| | - Min-Sun Go
- Department of Home Economics Education, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Dodan Kwon
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Chung-Ang University, 4726, Seodong-daero, Daedeok-myeon, Anseong, Gyeonggi 17546, Korea
| | - In-Kyung Jung
- Department of Physical Education, Chung-Ang University, 84, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Joong Hyuck Auh
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Chung-Ang University, 4726, Seodong-daero, Daedeok-myeon, Anseong, Gyeonggi 17546, Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Home Economics Education, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea.,Department of Physical Education, Chung-Ang University, 84, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea
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71
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Wang Z, Hwang SH, Kim JH, Lim SS. Anti-Obesity Effect of the Above-Ground Part of Valeriana dageletiana Nakai ex F. Maek Extract in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese C57BL/6N Mice. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9070689. [PMID: 28671595 PMCID: PMC5537804 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Valeriana dageletiana Nakai ex F. Maek (VD) has been used as traditional medicine for the treatment of restlessness and sleeping disorders. However, it is still unclear whether obesity in mice can be altered by diet supplementation with VD. In this study, we first investigated the influences of VD on the accumulation of lipid content in 3T3-L1 cells; and the results showed that the above-ground VD extracts (VDAE) suppressed the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in a concentration-dependent manner without cytotoxicity. Thus, the effects of VDAE on preventing obesity were then studied in the C57BL/6N mice for 10 weeks (n = 6): normal-fat diet, high-fat diet (HFD), HFD supplemented with 1% (10 g/kg) Garcinia combogia extract (positive control), and HFD supplemented with 1% (10 g/kg) VDAE. The results showed that VDAE reduced food efficiency ratio, body weight, epididymal adipose and hepatic tissue weight, hepatic lipid metabolites, and triacylglycerol and cholesterol serum levels compared to the high-fat diet group. Moreover, VD significantly inhibited the expression of adipogenic genes, such as PPAR-γ, C/EBP-α, and aP2, and lipogenic genes, such as SREBP-1c, FAS, SCD-1, and CD36, in epididymal adipose tissue and hepatic tissue. These findings indicate anti-adipogenic and anti-lipogenic effects of VDAE and suggest that it could be a potent functional food ingredient for the prevention of high-fat diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Management, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
| | - Seung Hwan Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
| | - Ju Hee Kim
- Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
| | - Soon Sung Lim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
- Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
- Institute of Korean Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea.
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72
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Fang Y, Li Q, Shao Q, Wang B, Wei Y. A general ionic liquid pH-zone-refining countercurrent chromatography method for separation of alkaloids from Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1507:63-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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73
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Yan K, Zhu H, Xu J, Pan H, Li N, Wang L, Yang H, Liu M, Gong F. Lotus Leaf Aqueous Extract Reduces Visceral Fat Mass and Ameliorates Insulin Resistance in HFD-Induced Obese Rats by Regulating PPARγ2 Expression. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:409. [PMID: 28690544 PMCID: PMC5481353 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Lotus leaf is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine. We aimed to explore the effects of lotus leaf aqueous extract (LLAE) on peroxisome proliferative activated receptor γ2 (PPARγ2) expression in preadipocytes and adipocytes and further investigate its effects on high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats. Methods: pGL3-Enhancer-PPARγ2 (625 bp)-Luc plasmid, a luciferase reporter gene expression plasmid containing PPARγ2 promoter, was stably transfected into 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. PPARγ2 promoter activities were determined by assaying the luciferase activities. Then PPARγ2 promoter activities in preadipocytes and PPARγ2 mRNA levels in human subcutaneous adipocytes were measured after the administration with LLAE. Additionally, the effects of LLAE on body weight, fat mass, glucose and lipid metabolism and the expression of PPARγ2, insulin receptor substrate 1 and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were measured in HFD-induced obese rats treated with low or high dose [0.5 or 3.0 g crude drug/(kg.d)] LLAE for 6 weeks. Results: Ten μg/ml LLAE significantly increased the luciferase activities in 3T3-L1 cells and the stimulatory action reached 2.51 folds of controls when LLAE was 1000 μg/ml (P < 0.01). After treating 3T3-L1 cells with 100 μg/ml LLAE, the stimulatory role peaked at 32 h where it was 2.58 folds of controls (P < 0.01). Besides, 100 μg/ml LLAE significantly increased PPARγ2 mRNA levels in human adipocytes to 1.91 folds of controls (P < 0.01). In HFD-induced obese rats, administration with both low and high dose LLAE notably reduced visceral fat mass by 45.5 and 58.4%, respectively, and significantly decreased fasting serum insulin levels (P < 0.05). The high dose LLAE also significantly decreased homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance in obese rats (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the mRNA levels of PPARγ2 and GLUT4 in VAT of obese rats were significantly increased when compared with control rats, and were notably suppressed by LLAE intervention for 6 weeks (P < 0.05). Conclusion: LLAE significantly reduces visceral fat mass and ameliorates insulin resistance in HFD-induced obese rats. These beneficial effects of LLAE may associate with its role in stimulating PPARγ2 expression in preadipocytes and subcutaneous adipocytes and suppressing PPARγ2 and GLUT4 expression in VAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Naishi Li
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Meijuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - FengYing Gong
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
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Medicinal plants and phytochemicals with anti-obesogenic potentials: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:1442-1452. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Abd Rahman RNZR. Anti-obesity Potential of Selected Tropical Plants via Pancreatic Lipase Inhibition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.15406/aowmc.2017.06.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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76
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Patil M, Patil R, Bhadane B, Mohammad S, Maheshwari V. Pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of phenolic inhibitor from endophytic Diaporthe arengae. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Yang X, Xue L, Zhao Q, Cai C, Liu QH, Shen J. Nelumbo nucifera leaves extracts inhibit mouse airway smooth muscle contraction. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:159. [PMID: 28320373 PMCID: PMC5359798 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1674-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Alkaloids extracted from lotus leaves (AELL) can relax vascular smooth muscle. However, whether AELL has a similar relaxant role on airway smooth muscle (ASM) remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the relaxant property of AELL on ASM and the underlying mechanism. Methods Alkaloids were extracted from dried lotus leaves using the high temperature rotary evaporation extraction method. The effects of AELL on mouse ASM tension were studied using force measuring and patch-clamp techniques. Results It was found that AELL inhibited the high K+ or acetylcholine chloride (ACh)-induced precontraction of mouse tracheal rings by 64.8 ± 2.9%, or 48.8 ± 4.7%, respectively. The inhibition was statistically significant and performed in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, AELL-induced smooth muscle relaxation was partially mediated by blocking voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCC) and non-selective cation channels (NSCC). Conclusion AELL, which plays a relaxant role in ASM, might be a new complementary treatment to treat abnormal contractions of the trachea and asthma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-017-1674-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Yang M, Zhu L, Li L, Li J, Xu L, Feng J, Liu Y. Digital Gene Expression Analysis Provides Insight into the Transcript Profile of the Genes Involved in Aporphine Alkaloid Biosynthesis in Lotus ( Nelumbo nucifera). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:80. [PMID: 28197160 PMCID: PMC5281601 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The predominant alkaloids in lotus leaves are aporphine alkaloids. These are the most important active components and have many pharmacological properties, but little is known about their biosynthesis. We used digital gene expression (DGE) technology to identify differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) between two lotus cultivars with different alkaloid contents at four leaf development stages. We also predicted potential genes involved in aporphine alkaloid biosynthesis by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Approximately 335 billion nucleotides were generated; and 94% of which were aligned against the reference genome. Of 22 thousand expressed genes, 19,000 were differentially expressed between the two cultivars at the four stages. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that catalytic activity and oxidoreductase activity were enriched significantly in most pairwise comparisons. In Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, dozens of DEGs were assigned to the categories of biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis, and flavonoid biosynthesis. The genes encoding norcoclaurine synthase (NCS), norcoclaurine 6-O-methyltransferase (6OMT), coclaurine N-methyltransferase (CNMT), N-methylcoclaurine 3'-hydroxylase (NMCH), and 3'-hydroxy-N-methylcoclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase (4'OMT) in the common pathways of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis and the ones encoding corytuberine synthase (CTS) in aporphine alkaloid biosynthetic pathway, which have been characterized in other plants, were identified in lotus. These genes had positive effects on alkaloid content, albeit with phenotypic lag. The WGCNA of DEGs revealed that one network module was associated with the dynamic change of alkaloid content. Eleven genes encoding proteins with methyltransferase, oxidoreductase and CYP450 activities were identified. These were surmised to be genes involved in aporphine alkaloid biosynthesis. This transcriptomic database provides new directions for future studies on clarifying the aporphine alkaloid pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Plant and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan, China
| | - Lingping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Plant and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan, China
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Center, University of HelsinkiHelsinki, Finland
| | - Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Plant and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Plant and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Liming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Plant and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan, China
| | - Ji Feng
- Tobacco Research Institute of Hubei ProvinceWuhan, China
| | - Yanling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Plant and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yanling Liu
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Li F, Sun XY, Li XW, Yang T, Qi LW. Enrichment and separation of quercetin-3-O-β- d -glucuronide from lotus leaves ( nelumbo nucifera gaertn.) and evaluation of its anti-inflammatory effect. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1040:186-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Zhao X, Feng X, Wang C, Peng D, Zhu K, Song JL. Anticancer activity of Nelumbo nucifera stamen extract in human colon cancer HCT-116 cells in vitro. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:1470-1478. [PMID: 28454279 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the anticancer activities of Nelumbo nucifera (Ba lotus) stamen ethanol crude extract (BLSEE) in human colon carcinoma HCT-116 cells. MTT assay, flow cytometry analysis and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay were employed to investigate the anticancer mechanisms of BLSEE (100, 200 and 400 µg/ml) in HCT-116 cells. BLSEE reduced HCT-116 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. BLSEE treatment also significantly increased the sub-G1 population in HCT-116 cells (P=0.0020 at 400 µg/ml), as shown by flow cytometry assay. Following treatment with BLSEE, the mRNA levels of the apoptosis-associated factors Fas, Fas ligand, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, death receptor 4 (DR4), death receptor 5 (DR5), caspases 3, 8 and 9, and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) associated X protein were increased, and the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-extra large was decreased in HCT-116 cells. The mRNA levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 and TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2 were also regulated by BLSEE treatment. In addition, BLSEE was able to modulate the expression of inflammation-associated nuclear factor-κB, inhibitory κBα, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase 2 in HCT-116 cells. The present study clearly indicated the cytotoxicity of BLSEE in HCT-116 cells through induced cellular apoptosis. These results also suggested the BLSEE may be a powerful agent against colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China.,Chongqing Enterprise Engineering Research Center of Ba-lotus Breeding and Deep Processing, Chongqing 400041, P.R. China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China.,Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China.,Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China
| | - Xia Feng
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China.,Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China
| | - Cun Wang
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China.,Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China
| | - Deguang Peng
- Chongqing Enterprise Engineering Research Center of Ba-lotus Breeding and Deep Processing, Chongqing 400041, P.R. China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Le Song
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
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81
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Fu C, Jiang Y, Guo J, Su Z. Natural Products with Anti-obesity Effects and Different Mechanisms of Action. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:9571-9585. [PMID: 27931098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, a primary influence on health condition, causes numerous comorbidities and complications and, therefore, pharmacotherapy is considered a strategy for its treatment. However, the adverse effects of most chemical drugs targeting weight loss complicate their approval by regulatory authorities. Recently, interest has increased in the development of ingredients from natural sources with fewer adverse effects for preventing and ameliorating obesity. This review provides an overview of current anti-obesity drugs and natural products with anti-obesity properties as well as their mechanisms of action, which include interfering with nutrient absorption, decreasing adipogenesis, increasing energy expenditure (thermogenesis), appetite suppression, modifying intestinal microbiota composition, and increasing fecal fat excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuhan Fu
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yao Jiang
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Sharma BR, Gautam LNS, Adhikari D, Karki R. A Comprehensive Review on Chemical Profiling ofNelumbo Nucifera: Potential for Drug Development. Phytother Res 2016; 31:3-26. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhesh Raj Sharma
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, College of Natural Sciences; Mokpo National University; 61 Muan-gun Jeonnam 534-729 Korea
| | - Lekh Nath S. Gautam
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry; West Virginia University; Morgantown WV 26506 USA
| | | | - Rajendra Karki
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, College of Natural Sciences; Mokpo National University; 61 Muan-gun Jeonnam 534-729 Korea
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Irudayaraj SS, Stalin A, Sunil C, Duraipandiyan V, Al-Dhabi NA, Ignacimuthu S. Antioxidant, antilipidemic and antidiabetic effects of ficusin with their effects on GLUT4 translocation and PPARγ expression in type 2 diabetic rats. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 256:85-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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84
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Lu KH, Weng CY, Chen WC, Sheen LY. Ginseng essence, a medicinal and edible herbal formulation, ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress and liver injury in rats. J Ginseng Res 2016; 41:316-325. [PMID: 28701872 PMCID: PMC5489754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ginseng essence (GE) is a formulation comprising four medicinal and edible herbs including ginseng (Panax ginseng), American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius), lotus seed (Nelumbo nucifera), and lily bulb (Lilium longiflorum). This study was aimed at investigating the hepatoprotective effect of GE against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury in rats. Methods We treated Wistar rats daily with low, medium, and high [0.625 g/kg body weight (bw), 1.25 g/kg bw, and 3.125 g/kg bw, respectively] doses of GE for 9 wk. After the 1st wk of treatment, rats were administered 20% CCl4 (1.5 mL/kg bw) two times a week to induce liver damage until the treatment ended. Results Serum biochemical analysis indicated that GE ameliorated the elevation of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase and albumin decline in CCl4-treated rats. Moreover, CCl4-induced accumulation of hepatic total cholesterol and triglyceride was inhibited. The hepatoprotective effects of GE involved enhancing the hepatic antioxidant defense system including glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. In addition, histological analysis using hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining showed that GE inhibited CCl4-induced hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining of alpha-smooth muscle actin indicated that CCl4-triggered activation of hepatic stellate cells was reduced. Conclusion These findings demonstrate that GE improves CCl4-induced liver inflammation and fibrosis by attenuating oxidative stress. Therefore, GE could be a promising hepatoprotective herbal formulation for future development of phytotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Hung Lu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Weng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Yan Sheen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Food and Biomolecules, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Center for Food Safety Education and Research, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Corresponding author. Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Number 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.Institute of Food Science and TechnologyNational Taiwan UniversityNumber 1Section 4Roosevelt RoadTaipei10617Taiwan
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85
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Chang CH, Ou TT, Yang MY, Huang CC, Wang CJ. Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn leaves extract inhibits the angiogenesis and metastasis of breast cancer cells by downregulation connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) mediated PI3K/AKT/ERK signaling. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 188:111-122. [PMID: 27178635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn (Nymphaeaceae) has been recognized as a medicinal plant, which was distributed throughout the Asia. The aqueous extract of Nelumbo nucifera leaves extract (NLE) has various biologically active components such as polyphenols, flavonoids, oligomeric procyanidines. However, the role of NLE in breast cancer therapy is poorly understood. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY The purpose of this study was to identify the hypothesis that NLE can suppress tumor angiogenesis and metastasis through CTGF (connective tissue growth factor), which has been implicated in tumor angiogenesis and progression in breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. RESULTS We examined the effects of NLE on angiogenesis in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. The data showed that NLE could reduce the chorionic plexus at day 17 in CAM and the duration of this inhibition was dose-dependent. In Xenograft model, NLE treatment significantly reduced tumor weight and CD31 (capillary density) over control, respectively. We examined the role of angiogenesis involved restructuring of endothelium using human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) in Matrigel angiogenesis model. The results indicated that vascular-like structure formation was further blocked by NLE treatment. Moreover, knockdown of CTGF expression markedly reduced the expression of MMP2 as well as VEGF, and attenuated PI3K-AKT-ERK activation, indication that these signaling pathways are crucial in mediating CTGF function. CONCLUSION The present results suggest that NLE might be useful for treatment in therapy-resistance triple negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hua Chang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung-Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section 1, Jiankuo North Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Tsz Ou
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung-Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section 1, Jiankuo North Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Mon-Yuan Yang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung-Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section 1, Jiankuo North Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chou Huang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section 1, Jiankuo North Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, Division of Colon and Rectum, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Jong Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung-Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section 1, Jiankuo North Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
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86
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YANG D, ZHANG Q, REN G, YING T. A comparative study on antioxidant activity of different parts of lotus (Nelumbo nuficera Gaertn) rhizome. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-457x.10816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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87
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Qi Q, Li R, Li HY, Cao YB, Bai M, Fan XJ, Wang SY, Zhang B, Li S. Identification of the anti-tumor activity and mechanisms of nuciferine through a network pharmacology approach. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:963-72. [PMID: 27180984 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Nuciferine is an aporphine alkaloid extracted from lotus leaves, which is a raw material in Chinese medicinal herb for weight loss. In this study we used a network pharmacology approach to identify the anti-tumor activity of nuciferine and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS The pharmacological activities and mechanisms of nuciferine were identified through target profile prediction, clustering analysis and functional enrichment analysis using our traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) network pharmacology platform. The anti-tumor activity of nuciferine was validated by in vitro and in vivo experiments. The anti-tumor mechanisms of nuciferine were predicted through network target analysis and verified by in vitro experiments. RESULTS The nuciferine target profile was enriched with signaling pathways and biological functions, including "regulation of lipase activity", "response to nicotine" and "regulation of cell proliferation". Target profile clustering results suggested that nuciferine to exert anti-tumor effect. In experimental validation, nuciferine (0.8 mg/mL) markedly inhibited the viability of human neuroblastoma SY5Y cells and mouse colorectal cancer CT26 cells in vitro, and nuciferine (0.05 mg/mL) significantly suppressed the invasion of 6 cancer cell lines in vitro. Intraperitoneal injection of nuciferine (9.5 mg/mL, ip, 3 times a week for 3 weeks) significantly decreased the weight of SY5Y and CT26 tumor xenografts in nude mice. Network target analysis and experimental validation in SY5Y and CT26 cells showed that the anti-tumor effect of nuciferine was mediated through inhibiting the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and IL-1 levels in SY5Y and CT26 cells. CONCLUSION By using a TCM network pharmacology method, nuciferine is identified as an anti-tumor agent against human neuroblastoma and mouse colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo, through inhibiting the PI3K-AKT signaling pathways and IL-1 levels.
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88
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Zhao W, Xie W, Du S, Yan S, Li J, Wang Q. Changes in physicochemical properties related to the texture of lotus rhizomes subjected to heat blanching and calcium immersion. Food Chem 2016; 211:409-14. [PMID: 27283649 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pretreatments such as low temperature blanching and/or calcium soaking affect the cooked texture of vegetal food. In the work, lotus rhizomes (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) were pretreated using the following 4 treatments, blanching at 40°C, blanching at 90°C, soaking in 0.5% CaCl2, and blanching at 40°C followed by immersion in 0.5% CaCl2. Subsequently, the cell wall material of pretreated samples was isolated and fractioned to identify changes in the degree of esterification (DE) and monosaccharide content of each section, and the texture of the lotus rhizomes in different pre-treatments was determined after thermal processing with different time. The results showed that the greatest hardness was obtained after blanching at 40°C in CaCl2, possibly attributing to the formation of a pectate calcium network, which maintains the integrity of cell walls. Furthermore, the content of galactose, rhamnose and arabinose decreased due to the breakage of sugar backbones and subsequent damage to cell walls. Our results may provide a reference for lotus rhizome processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlin Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China; Aquatic Vegetables Preservation and Processing Technology Engineering Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xie
- Department of Biological & Chemical Engineering, Tongren University, Tongren 554300, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenglan Du
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China; Aquatic Vegetables Preservation and Processing Technology Engineering Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Shoulei Yan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China; Aquatic Vegetables Preservation and Processing Technology Engineering Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China; Aquatic Vegetables Preservation and Processing Technology Engineering Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingzhang Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China; Aquatic Vegetables Preservation and Processing Technology Engineering Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
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Liu MH, Ko CH, Ma N, Tan PW, Fu WM, He JY. Chemical profiles, antioxidant and anti-obesity effects of extract of Bambusa textilis McClure leaves. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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90
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Shukla S, Lee JS, Park J, Hwang DJ, Park JH, Kim M. Quantitative Analysis of Functional Components From Nelumbo Nucifera
Root Fermented Broth with Antioxidant and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Effects. J Food Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Shukla
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan-si Gyeongsangbuk-do Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Suk Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Cook; Taegu Science University; Daegu 702-723 Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeon Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan-si Gyeongsangbuk-do Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ju Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan-si Gyeongsangbuk-do Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan-si Gyeongsangbuk-do Republic of Korea
| | - Myunghee Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan-si Gyeongsangbuk-do Republic of Korea
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Kang MC, Kang N, Kim SY, Lima IS, Ko SC, Kim YT, Kim YB, Jeung HD, Choi KS, Jeon YJ. Popular edible seaweed, Gelidium amansii prevents against diet-induced obesity. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 90:181-7. [PMID: 26911551 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The popular edible seaweed, Gelidium amansii is broadly used as food worldwide. To determine whether G. amansii extract (GAE) has protective effects on obesity, mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) treated with GAE (1 and 3 %) were studied. After 12 weeks of GAE treatment, body weight was greatly decreased in mice fed a high-fat diet. This effect could be due to decreased adipogenesis, as evidenced by the fact that GAE suppressed adipogenic gene expression in adipocytes. In addition, blood glucose and serum insulin levels were reduced by GAE treatment in mice fed a high-fat diet, suggesting improvement in glucose metabolism. GAE supplementation also led to a significant decrease in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. These data are further confirmed by H&E staining. Our findings indicate that Gelidium amansii prevents against the development of diet-induced obesity, and further implicate that GAE supplementation could be the therapeutical option for treatment of metabolic disorder such as obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Cheol Kang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nalae Kang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Inês S Lima
- Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas CEDOC, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Seok-Chun Ko
- Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Tae Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 573-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Bum Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hee-Do Jeung
- Tidal Flat Research Center, West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), 11 Seollim-gill, 54014 Gunsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Sik Choi
- School of Marine Biomedical Science, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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92
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Deng X, Zhu L, Fang T, Vimolmangkang S, Yang D, Ogutu C, Liu Y, Han Y. Analysis of Isoquinoline Alkaloid Composition and Wound-Induced Variation in Nelumbo Using HPLC-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:1130-6. [PMID: 26800445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b06099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Alkaloids are the most relevant bioactive components in lotus, a traditional herb in Asia, but little is known about their qualitative and quantitative distributions. Here, we report on the alkaloid composition in various lotus organs. Lotus laminae and embryos are rich in isoquinoline alkaloids, whereas petioles and rhizomes contain trace amounts of alkaloids. Wide variation of alkaloid accumulation in lamina and embryo was observed among screened genotypes. In laminae, alkaloid accumulation increases during early developmental stages, reaches the highest level at full size stage, and then decreases slightly during senescence. Vegetative and embryogenic tissues accumulate mainly aporphine-type and bisbenzylisoquinoline-type alkaloids, respectively. Bisbenzylisoquinoline-type alkaloids may be synthesized mainly in lamina and then transported into embryo via latex through phloem translocation. In addition, mechanical wounding was shown to induce significant accumulation of specific alkaloids in lotus leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbao Deng
- Sino-African Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingping Zhu
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Fang
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Sornkanok Vimolmangkang
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Collins Ogutu
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Yuepeng Han
- Sino-African Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
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93
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Ye LH, Xiao BX, Liao YH, Liu XM, Pan RL, Chang Q. Metabolism profiles of nuciferine in rats using ultrafast liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 30:1216-22. [PMID: 26682724 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nuciferine (NF) is one of the main aporphine alkaloids existing in the traditional Chinese medicine Folium Nelumbinis (lotus leaves). Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that NF has a broad spectrum of bioactivities, such as anti-HIV and anti-hyperlipidemic effects, and has been recommended as a leading compound for new drug development. However, the metabolites and biotransformation pathway of NF in vivo have not yet been comprehensively investigated. The present study was performed to identify the metabolites of NF for exploring in vivo fates. Rat plasma and urine samples were collected after oral administration and prepared by liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. A method based on ultrafast liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was applied to identify the metabolites. Q1 (first quadrupole) full scan combined with a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) survey scan were used for the detection of metabolites. MRM-information-dependent acquisition of enhanced product ions was used for the structural identification of detected metabolites. A total of 10 metabolites were identified, including phase I (demethylation, oxidation and dehydrogenation) and phase II (glucuronidation, sulfation and glutathione) biotransformation products. Demethylation is the main metabolic pathway of NF in the body. These results can help in improving understanding of the disposition and pharmacological mechanism of NF in the body. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Hu Ye
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Bijie, Bijie, 551700, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Bing-Xin Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yong-Hong Liao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xin-Min Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Rui-Le Pan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qi Chang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
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94
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Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activity of Nelumbo nucifera. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:789124. [PMID: 27057194 PMCID: PMC4710907 DOI: 10.1155/2015/789124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (Nymphaeaceae) is a potential aquatic crop grown and consumed throughout Asia. All parts of N. nucifera have been used for various medicinal purposes in various systems of medicine including folk medicines, Ayurveda, Chinese traditional medicine, and oriental medicine. Many chemical constituents have been isolated till the date. However, the bioactive constituents of lotus are mainly alkaloids and flavonoids. Traditionally, the whole plant of lotus was used as astringent, emollient, and diuretic. It was used in the treatment of diarrhea, tissue inflammation, and homeostasis. The rhizome extract was used as antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory properties due to the presence of asteroidal triterpenoid. Leaves were used as an effective drug for hematemesis, epistaxis, hemoptysis, hematuria, and metrorrhagia. Flowers were used to treat diarrhea, cholera, fever, and hyperdipsia. In traditional medicine practice, seeds are used in the treatment of tissue inflammation, cancer and skin diseases, leprosy, and poison antidote. Embryo of lotus seeds is used in traditional Chinese medicine as Lian Zi Xin, which primarily helps to overcome nervous disorders, insomnia, and cardiovascular diseases (hypertension and arrhythmia). Nutritional value of lotus is as important as pharmaceutical value. These days' different parts of lotus have been consumed as functional foods. Thus, lotus can be regarded as a potential nutraceutical source.
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95
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Balaji M, Ganjayi MS, Hanuma Kumar GEN, Parim BN, Mopuri R, Dasari S. A review on possible therapeutic targets to contain obesity: The role of phytochemicals. Obes Res Clin Pract 2015; 10:363-80. [PMID: 26740473 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence and severity of obesity has increased markedly in recent decades making it a global public health concern. Since obesity is a potential risk factor in the development of hypertension, type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, infertility, etc., it is no more viewed as a cosmetic issue. Currently, only a few FDA-approved anti-obesity drugs like Orlistat, Lorcaserin and Phentermine-topiramate are available in the market, but they have considerable side effects. On the other hand, bariatric surgery as an alternative is associated with high risk and expensive. In view of these there is a growing trend towards natural product-based drug intervention as one of the crucial strategies for management of obesity and related ailments. In Asian traditional medicine and Ayurvedic literature a good number of plant species have been used and quoted for possible lipid-lowering and anti-obesity effects; however, many of them have not been evaluated rigorously for a definite recommendation and also lack adequate scientific validation. This review explores and updates on various plant species, their used parts, bioactive components and focuses multiple targets/pathways to contain obesity which may pave the way to develop novel and effective drugs. We also summarised different drugs in use to treat obesity and their current status. Nature is future promise of our wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriga Balaji
- Animal Physiology & Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Muni Swamy Ganjayi
- Animal Physiology & Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Gali E N Hanuma Kumar
- Animal Physiology & Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Brahma Naidu Parim
- Animal Physiology & Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ramgopal Mopuri
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Sreenivasulu Dasari
- Animal Physiology & Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
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96
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Medicinal Plants and Their Inhibitory Activities against Pancreatic Lipase: A Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:973143. [PMID: 26640503 PMCID: PMC4657100 DOI: 10.1155/2015/973143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is recognized as a major life style disorder especially in developing countries and it is prevailing at an alarming speed in new world countries due to fast food intake, industrialization, and reduction of physical activity. Furthermore, it is associated with a vast number of chronic diseases and disabilities. To date, relatively effective drugs, from either natural or synthetic sources, are generally associated with serious side effects, often leading to cessation of clinical trials or even withdrawal from the market. In order to find new compounds which are more effective or with less adverse effects compared to orlistat, the drug that has been approved for obesity, new compounds isolated from natural products are being identified and screened for antiobesity effects, in particular, for their pancreatic lipase inhibitory effect. Pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity has been extensively used for the determination of potential efficacy of natural products as antiobesity agents. In attempts to identify natural products for overcoming obesity, more researches have been focused on the identification of newer pancreatic lipase inhibitors with less unpleasant adverse effects. In this review, we consider the potential role of plants that have been investigated for their pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity.
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97
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Pronuciferine and nuciferine inhibit lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by activating the AMPK signaling pathway. Life Sci 2015; 136:120-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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98
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Wu PF, Chiu CC, Chen CY, Wang HMD. 7-Hydroxydehydronuciferine induces human melanoma death via triggering autophagy and apoptosis. Exp Dermatol 2015; 24:930-5. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Fang Wu
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chung-Yi Chen
- School of Medical and Health Sciences; Fooyin University; Kaohsiung Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hui-Min David Wang
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan, ROC
- Center for Stem Cell Research; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources; National Sun Yat-Sen University; Kaohsiung Taiwan, ROC
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99
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Lee B, Kwon M, Choi JS, Jeong HO, Chung HY, Kim HR. Kaempferol Isolated from Nelumbo nucifera Inhibits Lipid Accumulation and Increases Fatty Acid Oxidation Signaling in Adipocytes. J Med Food 2015; 18:1363-70. [PMID: 26280739 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2015.3457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Stamens of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn have been used as a Chinese medicine due to its antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and antiatherogenic activity. However, the effects of kaempferol, a main component of N. nucifera, on obesity are not fully understood. We examined the effect of kaempferol on adipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation signaling pathways in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Kaempferol reduced cytoplasmic triglyceride (TG) accumulation in dose and time-dependent manners during adipocyte differentiation. Accumulation of TG was rapidly reversed by retrieving kaempferol treatment. Kaempferol broadly decreased mRNA or protein levels of adipogenic transcription factors and their target genes related to lipid accumulation. Kaempferol also suppressed glucose uptake and glucose transporter GLUT4 mRNA expression in adipocytes. Furthermore, protein docking simulation suggests that Kaempferol can directly bind to and activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α by forming hydrophobic interactions with VAL324, THR279, and LEU321 residues of PPARα. The binding affinity was higher than a well-known PPARα agonist fenofibrate. Consistently, mRNA expression levels of PPARα target genes were increased. Our study indicates while kaempferol inhibits lipogenic transcription factors and lipid accumulation, it may bind to PPARα and stimulate fatty acid oxidation signaling in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonggi Lee
- 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University , Busan, Korea
| | - Misung Kwon
- 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University , Busan, Korea
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University , Busan, Korea
| | - Hyoung Oh Jeong
- 2 Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Ageing Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University , Busan, Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- 2 Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Ageing Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University , Busan, Korea.,3 College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University , Busan, Korea
| | - Hyeung-Rak Kim
- 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University , Busan, Korea
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100
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Sharma BR, Oh J, Kim HA, Kim YJ, Jeong KS, Rhyu DY. Anti-Obesity Effects of the Mixture of Eriobotrya japonica and Nelumbo nucifera in Adipocytes and High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2015; 43:681-94. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x15500421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study is to evaluate the anti-obesity effects of Eriobotrya japonica (EJ), Nelumbo nucifera (NN), and their mixture (MIX, 1:1 ratio) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high-fat diet-induced obese mice. The treatment of EJ, NN, and MIX in 3T3-L1 adipocytes effectively inhibited lipid accumulation, significantly decreased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP1c), and adipocyte lipid-binding protein (aP2), and significantly increased phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Moreover, oral treatment of MIX showed stronger effects than individual treatment. C57BL/6J mice (6 week old) were divided into two groups; low fat diet (LFD) containing 10% calories from fat and high fat diet (HFD) containing 60% calories from fat. The HFD groups were further divided into five subgroups; treated with distilled water (HFD), treated with 400 mg/kg EJ (EJ400), treated with 400 mg/kg NN (NN400), treated with 200 mg/kg MIX (MIX200), and treated with 400 mg/kg MIX (MIX400) during 13 weeks. In our results, the administration of EJ, NN, and MIX significantly decreased body weight (BW), fat weight, liver weight, hepatic triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC), lipid droplets in the liver, food efficacy ratio, and the plasma TG, TC, glucose, insulin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in a dose-dependent manner, and MIX treatment showed stronger effect than their individual treatments. Similarly, MIX treatment decreased the expression of PPARγ, SREBP-1c, FAS, and ACC more strongly in the adipose tissue than single treatments. In conclusion, the MIX of EJ and NN extract may strongly regulate BW gain than EJ or NN alone, and its anti-obesity effect is associated with the control of lipid metabolism, including adipogenesis and lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhesh Raj Sharma
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources and Institute of Korean Medicine Industry, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Oh
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources and Institute of Korean Medicine Industry, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-A Kim
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jae Kim
- Korea INS Pharm Inc., Jeonnam 519-882, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Shik Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 1370, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Rhyu
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources and Institute of Korean Medicine Industry, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
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