51
|
Salleh WMNHW, Ahmad F, Khong HY, Mohamed Zulkifli R. Comparative study of the essential oils of threeBeilschmiediaspecies and their biological activities. Int J Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Farediah Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM); Skudai 81310 Johor Malaysia
| | - Heng Yen Khong
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Studies; Faculty of Applied Sciences; Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Sarawak; Kota Samarahan 94300 Sarawak Malaysia
| | - Razauden Mohamed Zulkifli
- Department of Bioscience and Health Sciences; Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM); Skudai 81310 Johor Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Zhou QL, Yang XW. Four new ginsenosides from red ginseng with inhibitory activity on melanogenesis in melanoma cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:3112-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
53
|
Neagu E, Paun G, Albu C, Radu GL. Assessment of acetylcholinesterase and tyrosinase inhibitory and antioxidant activity of Alchemilla vulgaris and Filipendula ulmaria extracts. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2015.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
54
|
Paun G, Neagu E, Albu C, Radu GL. Inhibitory potential of some Romanian medicinal plants against enzymes linked to neurodegenerative diseases and their antioxidant activity. Pharmacogn Mag 2015; 11:S110-6. [PMID: 26109755 PMCID: PMC4461949 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.157709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Eryngium planum, Geum urbanum and Cnicus benedictus plants are an endemic botanical from the Romanian used in folk medicine. OBJECTIVE The extracts from three Romanian medicinal plants were investigated for their possible neuroprotective potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS Within this study, in vitro neuroprotective activity of the extracts of E. planum, G. urbanum, and C. benedictus plants were investigated via inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and tyrosinase (TYR). Total content of phenolics, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins, high-performance liquid chromatography profile of the main phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were also determined. RESULTS Among the tested extracts, the best inhibition of AChE (88.76 ± 5.2%) and TYR (88.5 ± 5.2%) was caused by C. benedictus ethanol (EtOH) extract. The G. urbanum extracts exerted remarkable scavenging effect against 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (IC50, 7.8 ± 0.5 μg/mL aqueous extract, and IC50, 1.3 ± 0.1 μg/mL EtOH extract, respectively) and reducing power, whereas the EtOH extract of C. benedictus showed high scavenging activity (IC50, 0.609 ± 0.04 mg/mL), also. CONCLUSION According to our knowledge, this is the first study that demonstrates in vitro neuroprotective effects of E. planum, G. urbanum and C. benedictus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Paun
- Centre of Bioanalysis, National Institute for Research-Development of Biological Sciences, Centre of Bioanalysis, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Neagu
- Centre of Bioanalysis, National Institute for Research-Development of Biological Sciences, Centre of Bioanalysis, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Camelia Albu
- Centre of Bioanalysis, National Institute for Research-Development of Biological Sciences, Centre of Bioanalysis, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriel Lucian Radu
- Centre of Bioanalysis, National Institute for Research-Development of Biological Sciences, Centre of Bioanalysis, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Bajpai VK, Park YH, Na M, Kang SC. α-Glucosidase and tyrosinase inhibitory effects of an abietane type diterpenoid taxoquinone from Metasequoia glyptostroboides. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:84. [PMID: 25887244 PMCID: PMC4378383 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0626-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Nowadays plant derived natural compounds have gained huge amount of research attention especially in food and medicine industries due to their multitude of biological and therapeutic properties as alternative medicines. Methods In this study, a diterpenoid compound taxoquinone, isolated from Metasequoia glyptostroboides was evaluated for its α–glucosidase and tyrosinase inhibitory efficacy in terms of its potent anti-diabetic and depigmentation potential, respectively. Results As a result, taxoquinone at the concentration range of 100–3,000 μg/mL and 200–1,000 μg/mL showed potent efficacy on inhibiting α-glucosidase and tyrosinase enzymes by 9.24-51.32% and 11.14-52.32%, respectively. Conclusions The findings of this study clearly evident potent therapeutic efficacy of an abietane diterpenoid taxoquinone isolated from M. glyptostroboides with a possibility for using it as a novel candidate in food and medicine industry as a natural alternative medicine to prevent diabetes mellitus type-2 related disorders and as a depigmentation agent.
Collapse
|
56
|
Wu Y, Wu ZR, Chen P, Yang-Li, Deng WR, Wang YQ, Li HY. Effect of the tyrosinase inhibitor (S)-N-trans-feruloyloctopamine from garlic skin on tyrosinase gene expression and melanine accumulation in melanoma cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:1476-8. [PMID: 25726329 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In our searching for novel tyrosinase inhibitors from natural sources, (S)-N-trans-feruloyloctopamine isolated from garlic skin was found to be a potential mushroom tyrosinase inhibitor. Here, we examined the effects of the potential tyrosinase inhibitor in B16F10 cells on intracellular melanin contents, cytotoxicity, and the signaling mechanism involved in the expression of tyrosinase. The results showed the inhibitor displayed little or no cytotoxicity at all concentrations examined and decreased the relative melanin contents in a dose-dependent manner in the α-MSH-stimulated B16F10 cells. Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis showed that it inhibits melanogenesis signaling by down-regulates mRNA and protein expression levels of tyrosinase, which leads to a lower melanin contents. These results suggested that (S)-N-trans-feruloyloctopamine was an ideal tyrosinase inhibitor, and could be used in food and medical industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Gansu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 35 Dingxi East Road, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Rong Wu
- School of Pharmaceutics, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Pharmaceutics, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang-Li
- School of Pharmaceutics, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Rong Deng
- Gansu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 35 Dingxi East Road, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Quan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutics, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yu Li
- School of Pharmaceutics, Lanzhou University, 222 Tian Shui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Hsiao NW, Tseng TS, Lee YC, Chen WC, Lin HH, Chen YR, Wang YT, Hsu HJ, Tsai KC. Serendipitous discovery of short peptides from natural products as tyrosinase inhibitors. J Chem Inf Model 2014; 54:3099-111. [PMID: 25317506 DOI: 10.1021/ci500370x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinase, which is the crucial copper-containing enzyme involved in melanin synthesis, is strongly associated with hyperpigmentation disorders, cancer, and neurodegenerative disease; thus, it has attracted considerable interest in the fields of medicine and cosmetics. The known tyrosinase inhibitors show numerous adverse side effects, and there is a lack of safety regulations governing their use. As a result, there is a need to develop novel inhibitors with no toxicity and long-term stability. In this study, we use molecular docking and pharmacophore modeling to construct a reasonable and reliable pharmacophore model, called Hypo 1, that could be used for identifying potent natural products with crucial complementary functional groups for mushroom tyrosinase inhibition. It was observed that, out of 47,263 natural compounds, A5 structurally resembles a dipeptide (WY) and natural compound B16 is the equivalent of a tripeptide (KFY), revealing that the C-terminus tyrosine residues play a key role in tyrosinase inhibition. Tripeptides RCY and CRY, which show high tyrosinase inhibitory potency, revealed a positional and functional preference for the cysteine residue at the N-terminus of the tripeptides, essentially determining the capacity of tyrosinase inhibition. CRY and RCY used the thiol group of cysteine residues to coordinate with the Cu ions in the active site of tyrosinase and showed reduced tyrosinase activity. We discovered the novel tripeptide CRY that shows the most striking inhibitory potency against mushroom tyrosinase (IC50 = 6.16 μM); this tripeptide is more potent than the known oligopeptides and comparable with kojic acid-tripeptides. Our study provides an insight into the structural and functional roles of key amino acids of tripeptides derived from the natural compound B16, and the results are expected to be useful for the development of tyrosinase inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Wan Hsiao
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Changhua University of Education , Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
58
|
Tada M, Kohno M, Niwano Y. Alleviation effect of arbutin on oxidative stress generated through tyrosinase reaction with L-tyrosine and L-DOPA. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 15:23. [PMID: 25297374 PMCID: PMC4195341 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2091-15-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydroxyl radical that has the highest reactivity among reactive oxygen species (ROS) is generated through L-tyrosine-tyrosinase reaction. Thus, the melanogenesis might induce oxidative stress in the skin. Arbutin (p-hydroxyphenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside), a well-known tyrosinase inhibitor has been widely used for the purpose of skin whitening. The aim of the present study was to examine if arbutin could suppress the hydroxyl radical generation via tyrosinase reaction with its substrates, L-tyrosine and L-DOPA. RESULTS The hydroxyl radical, which was determined by an electron spin resonance-spin trapping technique, was generated by the addition of not only L-tyrosine but L-DOPA to tyrosinase in a concentration dependent manner. Arbutin could inhibit the hydroxyl radical generation in the both reactions. CONCLUSION It is presumed that arbutin could alleviate oxidative stress derived from the melanogenic pathway in the skin in addition to its function as a whitening agent in cosmetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mika Tada
- Center for General Education, Tohoku Institute of Technology, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kohno
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Niwano
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Peng LH, Xu SY, Shan YH, Wei W, Liu S, Zhang CZ, Wu JH, Liang WQ, Gao JQ. Sequential release of salidroside and paeonol from a nanosphere-hydrogel system inhibits ultraviolet B-induced melanogenesis in guinea pig skin. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:1897-908. [PMID: 24790432 PMCID: PMC3998849 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s59290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanin is the one of most important pigments for skin color in mammals. Excessive biosynthesis of melanin induces various pigment disorders. Much effort has been made to develop regulators to minimize skin pigmentation abnormalities. However, only a few of them are used, primarily because of safety concerns and low efficiency. In this study, we aimed to construct a novel nanosphere-gel for sequential delivery of salidroside and paeonol, to investigate the synergistic effects of these drugs in anti-melanogenesis, and to decrease their potential for toxicity in high dosage. Nanospheres were prepared and characterized for their particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and morphological properties. The optimized nanospheres were incorporated in carbomer hydrogel with both paeonol and salidroside entrapped to form a dual drug-releasing nanosphere-gel. With this nanosphere-gel, rapid release of salidroside from the hydrogel followed by sustained release of paeonol from the nanosphere was achieved. Using a classical model of the melanogenesis response to ultraviolet exposure, it was shown that the anti-melanogenesis effects of the dual drug-releasing system, in which the doses of the individual drugs were decreased by half, was obviously enhanced when compared with the effects of the single drug preparations. Mechanistically, the burst release of salidroside from the hydrogel may enable prompt suppression of melanocyte proliferation on exposure to ultraviolet B radiation, while the paeonol released in a sustained manner can provide continuous inhibition of tyrosinase activity in melanocytes. Combined delivery of salidroside and paeonol was demonstrated to be a promising strategy for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of these agents in anti-melanogenesis and reducing their toxicity, so may have great potential in nanomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Peng
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shen-Yao Xu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying-Hui Shan
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen-Zhen Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-He Wu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Quan Liang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Qing Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Novel Transdermal Research Center of Jiangsu Province, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Lall N, Kishore N. Are plants used for skin care in South Africa fully explored? JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 153:61-84. [PMID: 24566124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE South Africa is an important focal point of botanical diversity, and although many plant species have been used since ancient times in ethnomedicine, only a few species have hitherto been fully investigated scientifically. A large proportion of the South African population use traditional medicines for their physical and psychological health needs. Many medicinal plants have recently gained popularity as ingredient in cosmetic formulations based on their ethnomedicinal values and many cosmetic products sold in stores are of natural origin. The present review discusses the ethnopharmacological values, pharmacological and toxicological evidence of 117 plant species grown in South Africa, which are used traditionally for skin care purposes. Special focus was on their traditional use for many skin disorders in order to identify their therapeutic potential, the state of ethnopharmacological knowledge and special emphasis has been on areas which require further research. MATERIALS AND METHODS The information regarding all 117 plant species mentioned was extracted from Sci-Finder, Science direct, Medline and Google Scholar. All the available relevant data for medicinal plants was collated from literature review articles from the 19th century to early 2013. RESULTS The extracts from different parts of plants exhibited significant pharmacological properties, proving significant skin care potentials. Special emphasis was on those plant species which still need further exploration and these have been documented separately. CONCLUSIONS Despite the immense use of plants in ethnomedicine for skin care, limited research has been done on the activity of the crude extracts and very little on the active constituents. Consequently, almost 35 out of the 117 species are totally unexplored in the area of skin care. This investigation would be of interest to a broad readership including those researchers working in this field. The plant species namely: Greyia flanaganii, Sideroxylon inerme, Sclerocarya birrea, Calodendrum capense, Hyaenanche globosa, Harpephyllum caffrum, Ximenia americana, Leucosidea sericea Artemisia afra, and six Aloe species have been scientifically validated by our research group for skin hyperpigmentation problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Namrita Lall
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Science Complex, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
| | - Navneet Kishore
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Science Complex, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Sirwannalert P, Kariya R, Suzu I, Okada S. The Effects of Salacia reticulata on Anti-Cellular Oxidants and Melanogenesis Inhibition in α-MSH-stimulated and UV Irradiated B16 Melanoma Cells. Nat Prod Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1400900433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to investigate the inhibitory effects of Salacia reticulata Tul. root extract on cellular oxidants and melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells. Cells treated with non-toxic doses of S. reticulata root extract were investigated for their effects on melanogenesis, cellular tyrosinase activity and cellular oxidant scavenging activity. The results indicated that S. reticulata extract inhibited melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity in α-MSH-induced or UV-irradiated B16 melanoma cells in a dose dependent manner. Additionally, the extract also exhibited anti-cellular oxidants in UV-induced radical melanoma cells. Altogether, these results suggested that S. reticulata root extract has roles in suppression of melanogenesis and oxidant inhibition. S. reticulata root extract may be a potential source for the development of pharmaceutical products for treatment of skin hyperpigmentation disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasit Sirwannalert
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Ryusho Kariya
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Ikuko Suzu
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Seiji Okada
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Sripanidkulchai B, Junlatat J. Bioactivities of alcohol based extracts of Phyllanthus emblica branches: antioxidation, antimelanogenesis and anti-inflammation. J Nat Med 2014; 68:615-22. [PMID: 24557876 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-014-0824-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Phyllanthus emblica is an euphorbiaceous plant that has long been used in traditional medicines for health promotion, anti-aging and also for treatment of wide ranges of symptoms and diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the pharmacological activity of the plant branch. Alcohol based extracts of P. emblica branch were prepared in 50 % ethanolic extract by maceration (EPE) and methanolic extract by Soxhlet apparatus (MPE). EPE and MPE contained high total phenolic content and strong antioxidative activity. By HPLC analysis, gallic acid and vanillic acid are the major phenolic compounds of these extracts. Both EPE and MPE inhibited tyrosinase activity stronger than the ethanolic extract of P. emblica fruit (IC50 of 247.37 ± 18.57 and 193.75 ± 44.90 versus 4346.95 ± 166.23 μg/ml). EPE significantly inhibited the mRNA expressions of tyrosinase, and tyrosinase related proteins (TRP-1 and TRP-2) in B16 murine melanoma cells and suppressed the expression of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory genes (COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-16 and IL-6) in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells in a dose-dependent manner. These extracts significantly suppressed the carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats in a dose-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bungorn Sripanidkulchai
- Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, 123 Mitrapap Rd., Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand,
| | | |
Collapse
|
63
|
Application of FTIR microspectroscopy for characterization of biomolecular changes in human melanoma cells treated by sesamol and kojic acid. J Dermatol Sci 2013; 73:241-50. [PMID: 24296160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperpigmentation is aesthetic undesirable. Sesamol and the standard antimelanogenic agent (kojic acid) were shown to hinder melanogenesis by blocking tyrosinase and reducing melanin content. OBJECTIVE The FTIR microspectroscopy was used in an attempt to find a novel method to define biological alternation in a melanogenesis inhibition of sesamol and kojic acid. METHODS Tyrosinase inhibition and melanin content of sesamol and kojic acid were evaluated. The FTIR microspectroscopy was adopted to define the vibrational characteristic involved with the melanogenesis in the untreated SK-MEL2 cells vs. the sesamol- and kojic-treated SK-MEL2 cells. RESULTS Sesamol and kojic acid inhibited mushroom tyrosinase at IC₅₀ of 0.33 μg/ml and 6.1±0.4 μg/ml, respectively. Moreover, 30 μg/ml sesamol inhibited 23.55±8.25% cellular tyrosinase activity in human SK-MEL2 cells, while 600 μg/ml kojic acid inhibited 33.9±1.4% cellular tyrosinase activity in the same cells. In the SK-MEL2-treated with two inhibitors, the FTIR spectra assigned to the lipid and nucleic acid bands were significantly depleted with the secondary protein structure shifted to a more β-pleated secondary protein one. CONCLUSION Both sesamol and kojic acid display a similar pattern of antimelanogenesis activity albeit to a different degree. The mechanism of their whitening effect may be via the alteration of (a) the enzyme conformation disallowing the ordinary enzyme-substrate interaction and maybe (b) the integrity of the lipid-containing melanosome. Our results support the alternative use of FTIR microspectroscopy as a simple and reagent-free method for characterization of biomolecular changes in human melanoma cells.
Collapse
|
64
|
Mulholland DA, Mwangi EM, Dlova NC, Plant N, Crouch NR, Coombes PH. Non-toxic melanin production inhibitors from Garcinia livingstonei (Clusiaceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 149:570-575. [PMID: 23891889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The stem bark of Garcinia livingstonei is used traditionally as a skin lightening agent. AIM OF THE STUDY To isolate and identify compounds responsible for the observed skin lightening activity of Garcinia livingstonei and to evaluate their cytotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Constituents of the stem bark and fruits of Garcinia livingstonei were isolated using chromatographic techniques and structures were determined using 1D and 2D NMR and MS analysis. MeWo cells were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity and impact on melanin levels of extracts and compounds isolated, in vitro. RESULTS Twelve known compounds, morelloflavone (1), morelloflavone-7″-sulphate (2), guttiferone A (3), sargaol (4), isojacareubin (5), 6-deoxyisojacareubin (6) and in addition to the common triterpenoids, betulin, betulin aldehyde, lupeol, lupenone, euphol and stigmasterol were isolated in this investigation. Morelloflavone, morelloflavone-7″-sulphate and sargaol, were found to be considerably less cytotoxic and more effective as skin lightening agents than hydroquinone. CONCLUSIONS A range of compounds was isolated from the stem bark and fruit of Garcinia livingstonei. Although the bark extract contained the cytotoxic guttiferone A, it was found to be less toxic than hydroquinone, and morelloflavone, the 7″-sulphate derivative and sargaol show potential for development as depigmentation/skin lightening agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dulcie A Mulholland
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
65
|
Plundrich N, Grace MH, Raskin I, Ann Lila M. Bioactive polyphenols from muscadine grape and blackcurrant stably concentrated onto protein-rich matrices for topical applications. Int J Cosmet Sci 2013; 35:394-401. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Plundrich
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences; Plants for Human Health Institute; North Carolina State University; Kannapolis NC 28081 U.S.A
| | - M. H. Grace
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences; Plants for Human Health Institute; North Carolina State University; Kannapolis NC 28081 U.S.A
| | - I. Raskin
- Rutgers; The State University of New Jersey; New Brunswick NJ 08901 U.S.A
| | - M. Ann Lila
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences; Plants for Human Health Institute; North Carolina State University; Kannapolis NC 28081 U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Lan WC, Tzeng CW, Lin CC, Yen FL, Ko HH. Prenylated flavonoids from Artocarpus altilis: antioxidant activities and inhibitory effects on melanin production. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 89:78-88. [PMID: 23465719 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids, 10-oxoartogomezianone (1), 8-geranyl-3-(hydroxyprenyl)isoetin (2), hydroxyartoflavone A (3), isocycloartobiloxanthone (4), and furanocyclocommunin (5), together with 12 known compounds, were isolated from heartwood and cortex of Artocarpus altilis, and their structures were identified by comparing their spectra with those of similar compounds. To identify natural antioxidants and whitening agents, the ability of these prenylated flavonoids was assessed to scavenge the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS(+·)) radical cation, and the superoxide anion (O2(-·)), and their abilities to inhibit tyrosinase and melanin production. It was found that compounds 3, 4, and artoflavone A (15) had moderate DPPH(·)-scavenging activity, whereas compound 4 exhibited significant ABTS(+·)-scavenging activity, and that norartocarpetin (7) and artogomezianone (8) exhibited moderate ABTS(+·)-scavenging activity, with compounds 2, 7, and artocarpin (6) displaying good superoxide anion-scavenging activity. In addition, compounds 7, 8, cudraflavone A (14), and artonin M (17), inhibited melanin production by strongly suppressing tyrosinase activity. Compound 6 reduced the melanin content without inhibiting tyrosinase activity. These results suggest that flavonoids isolated from A. altilis may be candidate antioxidants and/or skin-whitening agents. However, further investigations are required to determine their mechanisms of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chun Lan
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
67
|
Huang XW, Feng YC, Huang Y, Li HL. Potential cosmetic application of essential oil extracted fromLitsea cubebafruits from China. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2012.755479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
68
|
Misra BB, Dey S. TLC-Bioautographic Evaluation of In Vitro Anti-tyrosinase and Anti-cholinesterase Potentials of Sandalwood Oil. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300800231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sandalwood oil, rich in sesquiterpenoid alcohols, has been used in traditional medicinal systems as a relaxant and coolant. Besides, sandalwood oil is used as an ingredient in numerous skin fairness enhancing cosmetics. However, there is no available information on biological activities that relate to the above applications. Hence, the anti-tyrosinase and anti-cholinesterase potentials of sandalwood oil were probed by both TLC-bioautographic and colorimetric methods. Results obtained from colorimetric assays indicated that sandalwood oil is a potent inhibitor of tyrosinase (IC50=171 μg mL−1) and cholinesterases (IC50=4.8-58 μg mL−1), in comparison with the positive controls used in the assays, kojic acid and physostigmine, respectively. The TLC-bioautographic assays indicated that α-santalol, the major constituent of the oil, is a strong inhibitor of both tyrosinase and cholinesterase. These in vitro results indicate that there is a great potential of this essential oil for use in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, as well as in skin-care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biswapriya B. Misra
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Midnapore (West), Kharagpur-721302, West Bengal, India
- Center for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia (CCB@USM), 1st Floor Block B, No 10, Persiaran Bukit Jambul, 11900 Bayan Lepas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Satyahari Dey
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Midnapore (West), Kharagpur-721302, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Potterat O, Hamburger M. Concepts and technologies for tracking bioactive compounds in natural product extracts: generation of libraries, and hyphenation of analytical processes with bioassays. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:546-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c3np20094a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
70
|
Cristaudo A, D'Ilio S, Gallinella B, Mosca A, Majorani C, Violante N, Senofonte O, Morrone A, Petrucci F. Use of Potentially Harmful Skin-Lightening Products among Immigrant Women in Rome, Italy: A Pilot Study. Dermatology 2013; 226:200-6. [DOI: 10.1159/000348706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
71
|
Souza PM, Elias ST, Simeoni LA, de Paula JE, Gomes SM, Guerra ENS, Fonseca YM, Silva EC, Silveira D, Magalhães PO. Plants from Brazilian Cerrado with potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48589. [PMID: 23173036 PMCID: PMC3500240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased amount of melanin leads to skin disorders such as age spots, freckles, melasma and malignant melanoma. Tyrosinase is known to be the key enzyme in melanin production. Plants and their extracts are inexpensive and rich resources of active compounds that can be utilized to inhibit tyrosinase as well as can be used for the treatment of dermatological disorders associated with melanin hyperpigmentation. Using in vitro tyrosinase inhibitory activity assay, extracts from 13 plant species from Brazilian Cerrado were evaluated. The results showed that Pouteria torta and Eugenia dysenterica extracts presented potent in vitro tyrosinase inhibition compared to positive control kojic acid. Ethanol extract of Eugenia dysenterica leaves showed significant (p<0.05) tyrosinase inhibitory activity exhibiting the IC₅₀ value of 11.88 µg/mL, compared to kojic acid (IC₅₀ value of 13.14 µg/mL). Pouteria torta aqueous extract leaves also showed significant inhibitory activity with IC₅₀ value of 30.01 µg/mL. These results indicate that Pouteria torta and Eugenia dysenterica extracts and their isolated constituents are promising agents for skin-whitening or antimelanogenesis formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Monteiro Souza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Silvia Taveira Elias
- Department of Odontology, School of Health Sciences, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alberto Simeoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - José Elias de Paula
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biological Science, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Sueli Maria Gomes
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biological Science, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Eliete Neves Silva Guerra
- Department of Odontology, School of Health Sciences, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Yris Maria Fonseca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Elton Clementino Silva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Dâmaris Silveira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Pérola Oliveira Magalhães
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Jeong MH, Yang KM, Kim JK, Nam BH, Kim GY, Lee SW, Seo SY, Jo WS. Inhibitory effects of Asterina pectinifera extracts on melanin biosynthesis through tyrosinase activity. Int J Mol Med 2012; 31:205-12. [PMID: 23151809 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of melanogenesis is an important strategy in the treatment of abnormal skin pigmentation for cosmetic purposes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-melanogenic effect of Asterina pectinifera (A. pectinifera) extracts by cell-free mushroom tyrosinase assay, cellular tyrosinase assay, melanin content assay and the analysis of related protein expression in melan-a cells. A. pectinifera was extracted with 80% methanol (80-MAP) and further fractionated with hexane (He-AP) and ethyl acetate (EA-AP). In addition, the enzyme extract (En-AP) of A. pectinifera, to which protease was added, was processed. EA-AP and En-AP among A. pectinifera extracts showed strong inhibitory activity against the cell-free mushroom tyrosinase activity. EA-AP and En-AP induced significant inhibition of melanin production and cellular tyrosinase activity. In the action of EA-AP and En-AP on melanogenesis, they reduced the expression of melanogenic genes and proteins including tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1) and dopachrome tautomerase (Dct). These results showed that EA-AP and En-AP inhibited melanogenesis by reducing tyrosinase activity and melanin production via subsequent downregulation of tyrosinase-related proteins. The overall results suggest that EA-AP and En-AP among A. pectinifera extracts may be promising candidates for the treatment of hyperpigmentation disorder and useful for self-tanning cosmetic products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ho Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
73
|
Fawole OA, Makunga NP, Opara UL. Antibacterial, antioxidant and tyrosinase-inhibition activities of pomegranate fruit peel methanolic extract. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 12:200. [PMID: 23110485 PMCID: PMC3527236 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated, using in vitro assays, the antibacterial, antioxidant, and tyrosinase-inhibition activities of methanolic extracts from peels of seven commercially grown pomegranate cultivars. METHODS Antibacterial activity was tested on Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia) using a microdilution method. Several potential antioxidant activities, including radical-scavenging ability (RSA), ferrous ion chelating (FIC) and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), were evaluated. Tyrosinase enzyme inhibition was investigated against monophenolase (tyrosine) and diphenolase (DOPA), with arbutin and kojic acid as positive controls. Furthermore, phenolic contents including total flavonoid content (TFC), gallotannin content (GTC) and total anthocyanin content (TAC) were determined using colourimetric methods. HPLC-ESI/MSn analysis of phenolic composition of methanolic extracts was also performed. RESULTS Methanolic peel extracts showed strong broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 0.2 to 0.78 mg/ml. At the highest concentration tested (1000 μg/ml), radical scavenging activities were significantly higher in Arakta (83.54%), Ganesh (83.56%), and Ruby (83.34%) cultivars (P< 0.05). Dose dependent FIC and FRAP activities were exhibited by all the peel extracts. All extracts also exhibited high inhibition (>50%) against monophenolase and diphenolase activities at the highest screening concentration. The most active peel extract was the Bhagwa cultivar against monophenolase and the Arakta cultivar against diphenolase with IC50 values of 3.66 μg/ml and 15.88 μg/ml, respectively. High amounts of phenolic compounds were found in peel extracts with the highest and lowest total phenolic contents of 295.5 (Ganesh) and 179.3 mg/g dry extract (Molla de Elche), respectively. Catechin, epicatechin, ellagic acid and gallic acid were found in all cultivars, of which ellagic acid was the most abundant comprising of more than 50% of total phenolic compounds detected in each cultivar. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that the tested pomegranate peels exhibited strong antibacterial, antioxidant and tyrosinase-inhibition activities. These results suggest that pomegranate fruit peel could be exploited as a potential source of natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agents as well as tyrosinase inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olaniyi A Fawole
- Postharvest Technology Research Laboratory, South African Research Chair in Postharvest Technology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Nokwanda P Makunga
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Umezuruike Linus Opara
- Postharvest Technology Research Laboratory, South African Research Chair in Postharvest Technology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Saeio K, Yotsawimonwat S, Anuchapreeda S, Okonogi S. Development of microemulsion of a potent anti-tyrosinase essential oil of an edible plant. Drug Discov Ther 2012; 5:246-52. [PMID: 22466371 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2011.v5.5.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to develop a microemulsion product from a plant essential oil having the highest anti-tyrosinase activity. The in vitro anti-tyrosinase activity of six essential oils extracted from six edible plants was compared. The oil of Cymbopogon citratus demonstrated the highest activity which was significantly nontoxic to normal human cells. The GC-MS data indicated that geranial and neral are the major compounds in the oil. The phase diagram composed of C. citrates oil, water, and surfactant mixture was conducted by a titration method. Ethyl alcohol was found to be the most suitable cosurfactant for the C. citrates oil microemulsion. The results revealed that the amount of oil and water played an important role in microemulsion conductivity and type. The most desirable o/w type of C. citratus oil microemulsion was found to be composed of 20% oil, 30% water, and 50% surfactant mixture of a 2:1 weight ratio of Tween 20 and ethyl alcohol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Saeio
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
75
|
Depigmenting effect of Kojic acid esters in hyperpigmented B16F1 melanoma cells. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:952452. [PMID: 23091364 PMCID: PMC3468271 DOI: 10.1155/2012/952452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The depigmenting effect of kojic acid esters synthesized by the esterification of kojic acid using Rhizomucor miehei immobilized lipase was investigated in B16F1 melanoma cells. The depigmenting effect of kojic acid and kojic acid esters was evaluated by the inhibitory effect of melanin formation and tyrosinase activity on alpha-stimulating hormone- (α-MSH-) induced melanin synthesis in B16F1 melanoma cells. The cellular tyrosinase inhibitory effect of kojic acid monooleate, kojic acid monolaurate, and kojic acid monopalmitate was found similar to kojic acid at nontoxic doses ranging from 1.95 to 62.5 μg/mL. However, kojic acid monopalmitate gave slightly higher inhibition to melanin formation compared to other inhibitors at doses ranging from 15.63 to 62.5 μg/mL. Kojic acid and kojic acid esters also show antioxidant activity that will enhance the depigmenting effect. The cytotoxicity of kojic acid esters in B16F1 melanoma cells was significantly lower than kojic acid at high doses, ranging from 125 and 500 μg/mL. Since kojic acid esters have lower cytotoxic effect than kojic acid, it is suggested that kojic acid esters can be used as alternatives for a safe skin whitening agent and potential depigmenting agents to treat hyperpigmentation.
Collapse
|
76
|
Teixeira RDS, Rocha PR, Polonini HC, Brandão MAF, Chaves MDGAM, Raposo NRB. Mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity and major fatty acid constituents of Amazonian native flora oils. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502012000300006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to treat hyperpigmentation-related problems, there has been a global trend in developing cosmetics claiming to have skin-whitening properties, which act by inhibiting melanin biosynthesis. The objective of this work was to evaluate the in vitro mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity of five Amazonian native flora oils, and so to verify the possibility of their incorporation into cosmetic products. In addition, the fatty acid composition of the essential oils was determined by gas chromatography-flame ionisation detection in order to determine the main components of these oils. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the tested oils was found to be in the following order: açaí (IA50 = 66.08 µg mL-1) > tucumã > patauá > pracaxi > castanha do Brasil. This study suggests that açaí oil has great potential in the treatment of hyperpigmentation and other related disorders, due to its considerable tyrosinase inhibitory activity.
Collapse
|
77
|
Han SM, Yeo JH, Cho YH, Pak SC. Royal jelly reduces melanin synthesis through down-regulation of tyrosinase expression. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 39:1253-60. [PMID: 22083994 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x11009536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
For cosmetic reasons, the demand for effective and safe skin-whitening agents is high. Since the key enzyme in the melanin synthetic pathway is tyrosinase, many depigmenting agents in the treatment of hyperpigmentation act as tyrosinase inhibitors. In this study, we have investigated the hypo-pigmentary mechanism of royal jelly in a mouse melanocyte cell line, B16F1. Treatment of B16F1 cells with royal jelly markedly inhibited melanin biosynthesis in a dose-dependent manner. Decreased melanin content occurred through the decrease of tyrosinase activity. The mRNA levels of tyrosinase were also reduced by royal jelly. These results suggest that royal jelly reduces melanin synthesis by down-regulation of tyrosinase mRNA transcription and serves as a new candidate in the design of new skin-whitening or therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Mi Han
- Laboratory of Applied Material Science, Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA, Suwon, South Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
78
|
Alam N, Yoon KN, Lee JS, Cho HJ, Lee TS. Consequence of the antioxidant activities and tyrosinase inhibitory effects of various extracts from the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus ferulae. Saudi J Biol Sci 2012; 19:111-8. [PMID: 23961169 PMCID: PMC3730901 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was initiated to screen the antioxidant activities, tyrosinase inhibitory effects on the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus ferulae extracted with acetone, methanol and hot water. The antioxidant activities were performed on β-carotene-linoleic acid, reducing power, DPPH, ferrous ions chelating abilities, and xanthine oxidase. In addition to this, phenolic compounds were also analyzed. The methanolic extract showed the strongest β-carotene-linoleic acid inhibition and high reducing power as compared to other extracts. The scavenging effects on DPPH radicals, the acetonic and methanolic extracts were more effective than hot water extracts. The strongest chelating effect was obtained from the methanolic extract as compared to the tested synthetic antioxidant. Gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, vanillin, ferulic acid, naringin, resveratrol, naringenin, hesperetin, formononetin and biochanin-A were detected from acetonitrile and hydrochloric acid (5:1) solvent extract. Xanthine oxidase and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of acetonic, methanolic, and hot water extracts of P. ferulae increased with increasing concentration. The results suggested that consumption of P. ferulae might be beneficial to the antioxidant, xanthine oxidase, and tyrosinase protection system of the human body against oxidative damage and others complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tae Soo Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, University of Incheon, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Iyanda AA, Anetor J, Adeniyi FAA. Altered copper level and renal dysfunction in Nigerian women using skin-whitening agents. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 143:1264-70. [PMID: 21253890 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-8962-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to determine the concentration of trace elements in serum samples of women who are chronic users of skin-whitening agents as well as the hepatic and renal effects of these agents on these women. The study was conducted among 23 skin-whitening users while 25 women served as the controls. The serum concentrations of Zn, Mn, and Mg were not significantly changed in these women compared with controls (p > 0.05), but Cu was significantly increased in skin-whitening agent users compared with controls (p < 0.05). Serum urea and creatinine were significantly increased compared with the controls (p < 0.05). Moreover, ALT, AST, albumin, total protein, and bilirubin were not significantly changed (p > 0.05). The significant increase in the levels of renal indices shows that these agents might be nephrotoxic after prolonged usage while increase in copper level with accompanying renal dysfunction may be an indication that copper mediates in oxidative-induced renal dysfunction. However, further study is needed to identify the cause and source of high serum copper as many of the herbal extracts may be rich sources of copper. Moreover, a large population study may be necessary to examine the exact correlation between copper and renal indices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayobola Abolape Iyanda
- Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
80
|
Mapunya MB, Hussein AA, Rodriguez B, Lall N. Tyrosinase activity of Greyia flanaganii (Bolus) constituents. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 18:1006-1012. [PMID: 21680165 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Hyper-pigmentation of the skin is a common problem that is prevalent in middle aged and elderly people. It is caused by over production of melanin. Tyrosinase is known to be the key enzyme in melanin production. Ethanolic extract of Greyia flanaganii leaves showed significant (P<0.05) antityrosinase activity exhibiting the IC₅₀ of 32.62 μg/ml. The total extract was further investigated for its toxicity and effect on melanin production by melanocytes cells, and showed significant inhibition (P<0.05) (20%) of melanin production at 6.25 μg/ml and low levels of cytotoxicity (IC₅₀<400 μg/ml). The amount of antioxidants necessary to decrease the initial DPPH absorbance by 50% (EC₅₀) by the total ethanolic extract was found to be 22.01 μg/ml. The effect of G. flanaganii against acne causing bacteria, Propionibacterium acnes, was investigated using microdilution assay. The MIC of the extract of G. flanaganii was found to be 250 μg/ml. Bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation of (3S)-4-hydroxyphenethyl 3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentanoate (1), 2',4',6'-trihydroxydihydrochalcone (2), 2',6',4-trihydroxy-4'-methoxydihydrochalcone (3), 2',6'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxydihydrochalcone (4), 5,7-dihydroxyflavanone [(2S)-pinocembrin] (5), 2',6'-dihydroxy-4',4-dimethoxy dihydrochalcone (6) and (2R,3R)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3-O-acetylflavanone (7). The isolated compounds were tested for their antioxidant, cytotoxicity, tyrosinase inhibition and antibacterial activities. Compound 2 exhibited significant (P<0.05) antityrosinase activity exhibiting the IC₅₀ of 69.15 μM. The isolated compounds showed low toxicity of the cells with reduction of melanin content of the cells. All compounds tested showed good radical scavenging activity. These data indicates that G. flanaganii extract and its isolated phenolic constituents could be possible skin lightening agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M B Mapunya
- Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
81
|
Husni A, Jeon JS, Um BH, Han NS, Chung D. Tyrosinase inhibition by water and ethanol extracts of a far eastern sea cucumber, Stichopus japonicus. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2011; 91:1541-1547. [PMID: 21384380 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Revised: 12/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tyrosinase plays a key role in hyperpigmentaion and enzymatic browning. The present study was aimed at investigating the inhibitory effects of water and 70% aqueous ethanol extracts of Stichopus japonicus, a sea cucumber long consumed as a tonic food and traditional medicine, on the diphenolase activity of tyrosinase. RESULTS In the tyrosinase inhibition study, high-performance liquid chromatography completely separated L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and dopachrome from other compounds present in the extracts, and provided more reliable results than the commonly used spectrophotometry. The ethanol extract (IC(50)=0.49-0.61 mg mL(-1)) showed higher inhibitory activity than the water extract (IC(50)=1.80-1.99 mg mL(-1)). Enzyme inhibition by the extracts was reversible and of mixed type. For both extracts, the dissociation constants for binding to free enzyme were significantly smaller than those for binding to enzyme-substrate complex. Ethyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (IC(50)=0.19 mg mL(-1)), isolated for the first time from sea cucumber, and adenosine (IC(50)=0.13 mg mL(-1)), were identified as key tyrosinase inhibitors. CONCLUSION The sea cucumber extracts were demonstrated to possess considerable inhibitory potency against the diphenolase activity of tyrosinase, suggesting that the sea cucumber may be a good source of safe and effective tyrosinase inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Husni
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Medical and Bio-Materials Research Center, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
82
|
Chiari ME, Vera DMA, Palacios SM, Carpinella MC. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity of a 6-isoprenoid-substituted flavanone isolated from Dalea elegans. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:3474-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
83
|
Yoon KN, Alam N, Lee KR, Shin PG, Cheong JC, Yoo YB, Lee TS. Antioxidant and antityrosinase activities of various extracts from the fruiting bodies of Lentinus lepideus. Molecules 2011; 16:2334-47. [PMID: 21394078 PMCID: PMC6259604 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16032334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Revised: 03/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lentinus lepideus is an edible mushroom currently available in Korea. The acetone, methanol and hot water extracts were prepared and assayed for their antioxidant and antityrosinase inhibitory activities. The hot water extract showed the strongest β-carotene-linoleic acid inhibition compared to the other extracts. At 8 mg/mL, the methanolic extract showed a high reducing power of 1.21. The acetone and methanol extracts were more effective in scavenging DPPH radicals than the hot water extract. The strongest chelating effect was obtained from the methanolic extract. Xanthine oxidase and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of the acetonic, methanol and hot water extracts increased with increasing concentration. Gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, vanillin, naringin, naringenin, formononetin, and biochanin-A were detected in the acetonitrile and hydrochloric acid (5:1) solvent extract. This study suggests that fruiting bodies of L. lepideus can potentially be used as a readily accessible source of natural antioxidants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ki Nam Yoon
- Division of Life Sciences, University of Incheon, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Nuhu Alam
- Division of Life Sciences, University of Incheon, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Kyung Rim Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, University of Incheon, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Pyung Gyun Shin
- Mushroom Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Suwon 441-707, Korea
| | - Jong Chun Cheong
- Mushroom Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Suwon 441-707, Korea
| | - Young Bok Yoo
- Mushroom Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Suwon 441-707, Korea
| | - Tae Soo Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, University of Incheon, Incheon 406-840, Korea
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +82-32-835-8242; Fax: +82-32-835-0763
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Sung GH, Shrestha B, Han SK, Sung JM. Cultural Characteristics of Ophiocordyceps heteropoda Collected from Korea. MYCOBIOLOGY 2011; 39:1-6. [PMID: 22783065 PMCID: PMC3385080 DOI: 10.4489/myco.2011.39.1.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Isolates of Ophiocordyceps heteropoda (Kobayasi) collected from Mt. Halla on Jeju-do, Korea were tested for mycelial growth on different agar media and in the presence of different carbon and nitrogen sources. Similarly, isolates were also incubated at different temperatures as well as under continuous light and dark conditions. Growth was better on Hamada agar, basal medium, and malt-yeast agar, but poor on Czapek-Dox agar. Different carbon sources such as dextrin, saccharose, starch, lactose, maltose, fructose, and dextrose resulted in better growth. Complex organic nitrogen sources such as yeast extract and peptone revealed the most effective growth. Mycelial growth was best at 25℃. The growth rate was faster in the dark than the light, but mycelial density was less compact in the dark.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gi-Ho Sung
- Mushroom Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
85
|
Alam N, Yoon KN, Lee KR, Kim HY, Shin PG, Cheong JC, Yoo YB, Shim MJ, Lee MW, Lee TS. Assessment of Antioxidant and Phenolic Compound Concentrations as well as Xanthine Oxidase and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Properties of Different Extracts of Pleurotus citrinopileatus Fruiting Bodies. MYCOBIOLOGY 2011; 39:12-19. [PMID: 22783067 PMCID: PMC3385085 DOI: 10.4489/myco.2011.39.1.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cellular damage caused by reactive oxygen species has been implicated in several diseases, thus establishing a significant role for antioxidants in maintaining human health. Acetone, methanol, and hot water extracts of Pleurotus citrinopileatus were evaluated for their antioxidant activities against β-carotene-linoleic acid and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, reducing power, ferrous ion-chelating abilities, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities. In addition, the tyrosinase inhibitory effects and phenolic compound contents of the extracts were also analyzed. Methanol and acetone extracts of P. citrinopileatus showed stronger inhibition of β-carotene-linoleic acid compared to the hot water extract. Methanol extract (8 mg/mL) showed a significantly high reducing power of 2.92 compared to the other extracts. The hot water extract was more effective than the acetone and methanole extracts for scavenging DPPH radicals. The strongest chelating effect (92.72%) was obtained with 1.0 mg/mL of acetone extract. High performance liquid chromatography analysis detected eight phenolic compounds, including gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, naringenin, hesperetin, formononetin, and biochanin-A, in an acetonitrile and hydrochloric acid (5 : 1) solvent extract. Xanthine oxidase and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of the acetone, methanol, and hot water extracts increased with increasing concentration. This study suggests that fruiting bodies of P. citrinopileatus can potentially be used as a readily accessible source of natural antioxidants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuhu Alam
- Division of Life Sciences, University of Incheon, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
86
|
Palanisamy UD, Ling LT, Manaharan T, Sivapalan V, Subramaniam T, Helme MH, Masilamani T. Standardized extract of Syzygium aqueum: a safe cosmetic ingredient. Int J Cosmet Sci 2011; 33:269-75. [PMID: 21284663 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2010.00637.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Syzygium aqueum, a species in the Myrtaceae family, commonly called the water jambu is native to Malaysia and Indonesia. It is well documented as a medicinal plant, and various parts of the tree have been used in traditional medicine, for instance as an antibiotic. In this study, we show S. aqueum leaf extracts to have a significant composition of phenolic compounds, protective activity against free radicals as well as low pro-oxidant capability. Its ethanolic extract, in particular, is characterized by its excellent radical scavenging activity of EC(50) of 133 μg mL(-1) 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), 65 μg mL(-1) 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and 71 μg mL(-1) (Galvinoxyl), low pro-oxidant capabilities and a phenolic content of 585-670 mg GAE g(-1) extract. The extract also displayed other activities, deeming it an ideal cosmetic ingredient. A substantial tyrosinase inhibition activity with an IC(50) of about 60 μg mL(-1) was observed. In addition, the extract was also found to have anti-cellulite activity tested for its ability to cause 98% activation of lipolysis of adipocytes (fat cells) at a concentration of 25 μg mL(-1). In addition, the extract was not cytotoxic to Vero cell lines up to a concentration of 600 μg mL(-1). Although various parts of this plant have been used in traditional medicine, this is the first time it has been shown to have cosmeceutical properties. Therefore, the use of this extract, alone or in combination with other active principles, is of interest to the cosmetic industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U D Palanisamy
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Sunway Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 46100 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
87
|
Alam N, Yoon KN, Lee KR, Shin PG, Cheong JC, Yoo YB, Shim JM, Lee MW, Lee UY, Lee TS. Antioxidant Activities and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Effects of Different Extracts from Pleurotus ostreatus Fruiting Bodies. MYCOBIOLOGY 2010; 38:295-301. [PMID: 23956669 PMCID: PMC3741522 DOI: 10.4489/myco.2010.38.4.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the antioxidant activity and tyrosinase inhibitory effects of Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies extracted with acetone, methanol, and hot water. The antioxidant activities were tested against β-carotene-linoleic acid, reducing power, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity, and ferrous chelating ability. Furthermore, phenolic acid and flavonoid contents were also analyzed. The methanol extract showed the strongest β-carotene-linoleic acid inhibition as compared to the other exracts. The acetone extract (8 mg/mL) showed a significantly high reducing power of 1.54 than the other extracts. The acetone extract was more effective than other extracts for scavenging on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals. The strongest chelating effect (85.66%) was obtained from the acetone extract at 1.0 mg/mL. The antioxidant activities of the extracts from the P. ostreatus fruiting bodies increased with increasing concentration. A high performance liquid chromatography analysis detected seven phenolic compounds, including gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, naringenin, hesperetin, formononetin, and biochanin-A in an acetonitrile and 0.1 N hydrochloric acid (5: 1) solvent extract. The total phenolic compound concentration was 188 µg/g. Tyrosinase inhibition of the acetone, methanol, and hot water P. ostreatus extracts increased with increasing concentration. The results revealed that the methanol extract had good tyrosinase inhibitory ability, whereas the acetone and hot water extracts showed moderate activity at the concentrations tested. The results suggested that P. ostreatus may have potential as a natural antioxidant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuhu Alam
- Division of Life Sciences, University of Incheon, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
88
|
Skandrani I, Pinon A, Simon A, Ghedira K, Chekir-Ghedira L. Chloroform extract from Moricandia arvensis inhibits growth of B16-F0 melanoma cells and promotes differentiation in vitro. Cell Prolif 2010; 43:471-9. [PMID: 20887553 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2010.00697.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Poor therapeutic results have been reported for treatment of malignant melanoma; therefore in this study we have investigated inhibitory capacity of ethyl acetate, chloroform (Chl) and methanol extracts from Moricandia arvensis on mouse melanoma (B16-F0) and human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cell proliferation. Influence of Chl extract on percentage distribution in cell cycle phases and melanogenesis was also studied. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cell viability was determined at various periods using the MTT assay, and flow cytometry was used to analyse effects of Chl extract on progression through the cell cycle and apoptosis. In addition, amounts of melanin and tyrosinase were measured spectrophotometrically at 475 nm. RESULTS Chl extract exhibited significant anti-proliferative activity after incubation with the two types of tumour skin cells. Morphological changes in B16-F0 cells, accompanied by increase of tyrosinase activity, and of melanin synthesis were observed, which are markers of differentiation of malignant melanoma cells. Furthermore, cell cycle analysis revealed that B16-F0 cells treated with Chl extract were arrested predominantly in G(1) phase. CONCLUSION Chl extract had the ability to reverse malignant melanoma cells from proliferative to differentiated state, thus providing a new perspective in developing novel strategies for prevention and treatment of malignant melanoma, possibly through consumption of the extract in an appropriate cancer prevention diet. Moreover, there is scope for the extract being introduced into cosmetic products as a natural tanning agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Skandrani
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine of Monastir, Tunisia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
89
|
Tada M, Kohno M, Kasai S, Niwano Y. Generation mechanism of radical species by tyrosine-tyrosinase reaction. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2010; 47:162-6. [PMID: 20838572 PMCID: PMC2935156 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.10-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alleviated melanin formation in the skin through inhibition of tyrosine-tyrosinase reaction is one of the major targets of cosmetics for whitening ability. Since melanin has a pivotal role for photoprotection, there are pros and cons of inhibition of melanin formation. This study applying electron spin resonance (ESR)-spin trapping method revealed that •H and •OH are generated through tyrosine-tyrosinase reaction. When deuterium water was used instead of H2O, the signal of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO)-H (a spin adduct of DMPO and •H) greatly decreased, whilst DMPO-OH (a spin adduct of DMPO and •OH) did not. Thus, it is suggested that •H was derived from H2O, and •OH through oxidative catalytic process of tyrosine to dopaquinone. Our study suggests that tyrosinase inhibitors might contribute to alleviate the oxidative damage of the skin by inhibiting •OH generation via the enzyme reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mika Tada
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, 6-6-10 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
90
|
Ye Y, Chou GX, Mu DD, Wang H, Chu JH, Leung AKM, Fong WF, Yu ZL. Screening of Chinese herbal medicines for antityrosinase activity in a cell free system and B16 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 129:387-390. [PMID: 20430091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Revised: 04/10/2010] [Accepted: 04/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Tyrosinase inhibitors are becoming increasingly important in controlling skin hyperpigmentation. We aimed to screen 50 extracts from traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) for tyrosinase activity-inhibiting agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS The 50 herbal extracts were prepared from 32 herbs and 18 TCM formulas, which are used as folk skin whiteners in China and have not been investigated for their skin-whitening mechanisms. Each herb and formula was extracted with 30% ethanol and water, respectively, and followed by column chromatography for isolating bioactive substances such as saponins, flavonoids and alkaloids for the antityrosinase activity study. Every extract was tested using the cell free mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory assay at 2 mg/ml for the single herb extracts and 1mg/ml for formula extracts. Extracts showing greater than 50% inhibition against mushroom tyrosinase activity were further examined by cellular tyrosinase assay in mouse B16 cells. The cytotoxicity in B16 cells was measured by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. RESULTS In the cell-free assay, 10 out of the 50 extracts demonstrated more than 50% inhibition against mushroom tyrosinase activity. These 10 extracts were further assessed by cellular tyrosinase assay, and 6 showed>50% inhibition with IC(50) values <1 mg/ml. The 6 extracts are from 3 herbs namely Ampelopsis japonica, Lindera aggregata, and Polygonatum odoratum, and 3 formulas namely Qian-wang-hong-bai-san, Qiong-yu-gao, and San-bai-tang. As compared with vitamin C, these 6 extracts showed similar or greater ratio of cell growth IC(50) to cellular tyrosinase IC(50). As compared with arbutin, extract from Ampelopsis japonica, Lindera aggregata, Qian-wang-hong-bai-san, or San-bai-tang had a similar, although extract from Polygonatum odoratum or Qiong-yu-gao had a greater, IC(50) value against murine tyrosinase activity. CONCLUSIONS From the screening assays we identified three Chinese medicinal herbs and three TCM formulas that have appreciable antityrosinase activity. Further studies are warranted to develop them as skin-whitening agents with convenient dosage forms or to identify active constituents from the extracts as useful leads for the development of skin whiteners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiang, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
91
|
Mahmoud ME, Hesham AEL, Ahmed YAG, Sayed M. Inhibition of melanogenesis by the extract from Agaricus blazei without affecting iNOS gene expression. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0387-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
92
|
Macrini DJ, Suffredini IB, Varella AD, Younes RN, Ohara MT. Extracts from Amazonian plants have inhibitory activity against tyrosinase: an in vitro evaluation. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502009000400015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatological disorders related to pigmentation result in tenuous hyper or hypopigmentation Cosmetic and pharmaceutical products containing depigmenting substances are used in the treatment of patients who have high pigmentation disorders, such as melasma or chloasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, senile lentigo and ephelides. Skin lightening agents are not yet totally effective or safe and therefore intensive research for the discovery of new agents is continuous. Enzyme inhibitors involved in melanogenesis, such as tyrosinase, have been discovered in Asian countries, including those isolated from plant extracts. The Brazilian flora has the highest species diversity in the world, and the chemical, pharmacological and cosmetic potential for the discovery of new skin whitening agents is in proportion with this biodiversity. For these reasons, 25 aqueous and 24 organic extracts obtained from 19 plants native to the Amazon rain forest and to the Atlantic forest, belonging to 11 different families, were evaluated as tyrosinase inhibitors. Nine out of 49 extracts showed inhibitory activity in the screening process. The 50% inhibitory activity (IA50) was calculated, revealing that the most active extracts were the organic extracts from the leaves and stem of Ruprechtia sp. (IA50 33.76 mg.mL-1) and the organic extract from the aerial organs of Rapanea parviflora (IA50 64.19 mg.mL-1).
Collapse
|
93
|
Khazaeli P, Goldoozian R, Sharififar F. An evaluation of extracts of five traditional medicinal plants from Iran on the inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase activity and scavenging of free radicals. Int J Cosmet Sci 2009; 31:375-81. [PMID: 19467035 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2009.00503.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the free radical scavenging and inhibition properties of five medicinal plants, including Quercus infectoria Olive., Terminalia chebula Retz., Lavendula stoechas L., Mentha longifolia L., Rheum palmatum L., toward the activity of mushroom tyrosinase using L-tyrosine and L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) as the substrate.The methanol extracts of Q. infectoria and T. chebula showed strong radical scavenging effect in 2,2'-dipheny L-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay(IC50 = 15.3 and 82.2 microg mL)1 respectively).These plants also showed inhibitory effects against the activity of mushroom tyrosinase in hydroxylation of L-tyrosine (85.9% and 82.2% inhibition,respectively). These two plants also inhibited the oxidation of l-DOPA similar to kojic acid as positive control (IC50 = 102.8 and 192.6 microg mL)1 respectively). In general Q. infectoria and T. chebula significantly inhibited tyrosinase activity and DPPH radical. Both activities were concentration dependant but not in linear manner. It is needed to study the cytotoxicity of these plant extracts in pigment cell culture before further evaluation and moving to in vivo conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Khazaeli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Research Center of Pharmaceutics, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
94
|
Identification of phenolic compounds and appraisal of antioxidant and antityrosinase activities from litchi (Litchi sinensis Sonn.) seeds. Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.01.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|