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Bastien L, Boke BN, Mettler J, Zito S, Di Genova L, Romano V, Lewis SP, Whitley R, Iyer SN, Heath NL. Peer-Presented Versus Mental Health Service Provider-Presented Mental Health Outreach Programs for University Students: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health 2022; 9:e34168. [PMID: 35762935 PMCID: PMC9356327 DOI: 10.2196/34168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND University students are reporting concerning levels of mental health distress and challenges. University mental health service provider initiatives have been shown to be effective in supporting students' mental health, but these services are often resource-intensive. Consequently, new approaches to service delivery, such as web-based and peer support initiatives, have emerged as cost-effective and efficient approaches to support university students. However, these approaches have not been sufficiently evaluated for effectiveness or acceptability in university student populations. OBJECTIVE Thus, the overarching goal of this study was to evaluate a mental health service provider-presented versus peer-presented web-based mental health resilience-building video outreach program against a wait-list comparison group. METHODS Participants were 217 undergraduate students (mean age 20.44, SD 1.98 years; 171/217, 78.8% women) who were randomly assigned to one of the intervention groups (mental health service provider-presented: 69/217, 31.8%; peer-presented: 73/217, 33.6%) or the wait-list comparison group (75/217, 34.6%). Participants in the intervention groups were asked to watch 3 brief skill-building videos addressing strategies for building mental health resilience, whereas the comparison group was wait-listed. The mental health service provider-presented and peer-presented video series were identical in content, with presenters using a script to ensure consistency across delivery methods, but the videos differed in that they were either presented by mental health service providers or university students (peers). All participants were asked to complete web-based self-report measures of stress, coping self-efficacy, social support, social connectedness, mindfulness, and quality of life at baseline (time 1), 6 weeks later (time 2, after the intervention), and 1-month follow-up (time 3). RESULTS Results from a series of 2-way ANOVAs found no significant differences in outcomes among any of the 3 groups. Surprisingly, a main effect of time revealed that all students improved on several well-being outcomes. In addition, results for program satisfaction revealed that both the mental health service provider-presented and peer-presented programs were rated very highly and at comparable levels. CONCLUSIONS Thus, findings suggest that a web-based mental health resilience-building video outreach program may be acceptable for university students regardless of it being mental health service provider-presented or peer-presented. Furthermore, the overall increases in well-being across groups, which coincided with the onset and early weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic, suggest an unexpected pattern of response among university students to the early period of the pandemic. Limitations and barriers as well as research implications are discussed. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05454592; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05454592.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurianne Bastien
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bilun Naz Boke
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jessica Mettler
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephanie Zito
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lina Di Genova
- Student Services, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vera Romano
- Student Services, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephen P Lewis
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Rob Whitley
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Srividya N Iyer
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nancy L Heath
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Qian J, Tong J, Xu R. Can Physical Exercise Help Deal With the COVID-19 Stressors? Comparing Somatic and Psychological Responses. Front Psychol 2022; 13:883801. [PMID: 35911012 PMCID: PMC9326507 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.883801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This research aims to explore whether physical exercise can buffer the impact of the COVID-19 stressors. Based on the cross-stressor adaptation hypothesis, we proposed a moderated mediation model relating the COVID-19 stressors to sleep disorder via somatic and worry complaints, depending on the amount of physical exercise. A sample of working adults in Beijing (N = 207) filled surveys in two waves during the COVID-19 pandemic. Structural regression analysis showed that physical exercise moderates the impact of the COVID-19 stressors on sleep disorder via somatic complaints (index = -0.11, 95% CI [-0.22, -0.01]), rather than psychological worry complaints (index = -0.01, 95% CI [-0.07, 0.04]). Specifically, the COVID-19 stressors increase somatic complaints for people with a low amount of physical exercise (b = 0.17, p = 0.01]), while the COVID-19 stressors are not significantly related to somatic complaints for people with a high amount of physical exercise (b = -0.06, p = 0.33). This research extends the cross-stressor adaptation hypothesis and provides evidence on an individual intervention of physical exercise to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Qian
- Department of Physical Education and Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajin Tong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Jiajin Tong,
| | - Ruiheng Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Michaels TI, Singal S, Marcy P, Hauser M, Braider L, Guinart D, Kane JM. Post-acute college student satisfaction with telepsychiatry during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 151:1-7. [PMID: 35427873 PMCID: PMC8986059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patient satisfaction with telepsychiatry during the COVID-19 pandemic has generally been positive, but few studies have compared patient experiences across settings, and no study to date has investigated the experience of college students receiving post-acute mental health treatment in an outpatient setting. PARTICIPANTS The current study surveyed college student outpatients (n = 101) to understand their experiences using telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS An anonymous survey was delivered electronically and included questions regarding patients' age, treatment length, telehealth use, and their experience and satisfaction with telepsychiatry. A mixed-methods approach was used to analyze responses between groups through Chi-Square, Kruskal-Wallis, or Mann-Whitney tests, and qualitatively to understand themes across items related to the benefits and challenges of telehealth. RESULTS College students were more likely to utilize video-based telehealth and preferred video-based care. College students receiving medication management were much more likely to endorse telehealth being as helpful as in-person treatment. Several challenges associated with telehealth were raised in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the benefits and challenges of telepsychiatry in this high-risk college population may help enhance access to care during a critical period of development in which most psychopathology emerges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy I. Michaels
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA,The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA,Corresponding author. 75-59 263rd Street Queens, NY, 11004, USA
| | - Sonali Singal
- The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Laura Braider
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA,The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Guinart
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA,The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addiccions (INAD), Hospital del Mar, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - John M. Kane
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA,The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
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Shi H, Zhu H, Ni Y. COVID-19 in China: A Rapid Review of the Impacts on the Mental Health of Undergraduate Students. Front Public Health 2022; 10:940285. [PMID: 35844886 PMCID: PMC9277070 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.940285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Public health crises pose challenges for governments and health systems, and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has presented major challenges to humans worldwide. In the context of COVID-19 in China, we explore the impacts of the pandemic on the mental health of undergraduate students. We examine pandemic prevention and control measures in Chinese universities through a rapid review and use our findings to explain the difficulties that undergraduate students face. Moreover, our analysis examines the impacts on five aspects of mental health: emotional aspects, personality, interpersonal relationships, learning behavior and employment options. Additionally, we provide implications in four areas based on the application of the study: strengthening psychological intervention, promoting government information disclosure, improving family communication and adjusting self-awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Shi
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, China
| | - Haixue Zhu
- School of Educational Science, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, China
| | - Yan Ni
- School of Marxism, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Xu T, Sun X, Jiang P, Chen M, Yue Y, Dong E. Effects of Cell Phone Dependence on Mental Health Among College Students During the Pandemic of COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Survey of a Medical University in Shanghai. Front Psychol 2022; 13:920899. [PMID: 35832907 PMCID: PMC9271901 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.920899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of cell phone dependence (CPD) on mental health among undergraduates during the COVID-19 pandemic and further identify the determinants that may affect their mental health in China. Methods The data were collected from 602 students at a medical school in Shanghai via an online survey conducted from December 2021 to February 2022. The Mobile Phone Addiction Index (MPAI) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) were applied to evaluate CPD and mental health, respectively. Independent sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were employed to compare the means of continuous variables among categorical groups. Correlations between continuous variables were detected using Pearson's correlation analysis. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were employed to identify the determinants of mental health. Results Among the 402 eligible students, 73.88% were women with an average age of 20.19 ± 2.36 years. On average, the DASS score was 32.20 ± 11.07, the CPD score was 36.23 ± 11.89, and the cell phone use duration was 7.67 ± 3.61 h/day. CPD was found to have a negative effect on mental health among college students in Shanghai. Additionally, cell phone use duration, age, being senior students, faculty-student relationship, insomnia, tobacco use, obesity, and life satisfaction were clarified as contributing factors to mental health among college students. Conclusion High degree of CPD could have a negative effect on college students' mental health, which might lead to some psychological problems. Appropriate actions and effective interventions are highly needed to prevent severe psychological injuries among college students in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- School of Nursing and Health Management, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science, Shanghai, China
- School of Media and Communication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Health Yangtze River Delta, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoting Sun
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Genetics and Biochemistry Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Minjie Chen
- Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Yue
- School of Health Care Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Enhong Dong
- School of Nursing and Health Management, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science, Shanghai, China
- School of Media and Communication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Health Yangtze River Delta, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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56
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Skehan B, Chan V. Mental Health Treatment for College Students on Campus: Evolving to Meet the Growing Need. Psychiatr Ann 2022. [DOI: 10.3928/00485713-20220523-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Karnbach K, Witkowski M, Ebrahimi OV, Burger J. Back to life, back to reality: A multi-level dynamic network analysis of student mental health upon return to campus during the COVID-19 pandemic. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 43:1-13. [PMID: 35582434 PMCID: PMC9098144 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03196-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lockdown measures during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in drastic disruptions of university students' everyday life and study mode, such as marked reductions in face-to-face teaching activities. Previous research on student mental health during the pandemic found that prolonged campus relocation had negative effects on students' mental well-being. However, these studies focussed on the initial lockdown period, or periods of active lockdown measures. This longitudinal study collected 456 observations of 23 undergraduate students in the Netherlands using ecological momentary assessment data on mental health related items (anxiety, stress, social context) during the first two weeks of on-campus teaching after prolonged lockdown measures. Using multi-level dynamic network modelling, we analysed the temporal and contemporaneous interplay of students' mental health factors following the return to campus in September 2021. On average, students reported low to medium scores on stress and anxiety both before and after the assessment period. Results of network analyses showed that students experienced social unease in relation to accumulating difficulties at university and vice versa. Furthermore, there were clusters of different states of social unease next to clusters of stress, anger, loss of control, and feeling upset. Lastly, we found beneficial effects of self-efficacy on experiencing social comfort in university. We discuss implications and concrete examples of interventions in universities, such as the promotion of self-efficacy, providing guidance in structuring study load, as well as help with stress management. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-022-03196-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Karnbach
- PPLE College, Faculty of Law, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michał Witkowski
- PPLE College, Faculty of Law, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Omid V. Ebrahimi
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Modum Bad Psychiatric Hospital and Research Center, Vikersund, Norway
| | - Julian Burger
- PPLE College, Faculty of Law, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
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Sharaievska I, McAnirlin O, Browning MHEM, Larson LR, Mullenbach L, Rigolon A, D’Antonio A, Cloutier S, Thomsen J, Metcalf EC, Reigner N. "Messy transitions": Students' perspectives on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on higher education. HIGHER EDUCATION 2022:1-18. [PMID: 35463941 PMCID: PMC9020423 DOI: 10.1007/s10734-022-00843-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic affected every area of students' lives, especially their education. Limited research has explored students' experiences during the pandemic. This study documents how students across seven United States universities viewed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their educational experiences and how these students reacted to these impacts. We present qualitative data from an online survey conducted between March and May 2020 that resulted in 1267 respondents with relevant data. Conventional content analysis with an inductive approach was used to analyze open-ended responses to the question, "We are interested in the ways that the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has changed how you feel and behave. What are the first three ways that come to mind?" Six categories emerged from the data: changes in instruction delivery mode, changes in schedule and everyday life, increased technology use, decreased academic opportunities and resources, negative reaction to the changes in higher education, and positive reactions to changes in higher education. Among our recommendations for practice are personalized approaches to material delivery and evaluation, synchronous classes and opportunities to connect with professors and students, and convenient support services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Sharaievska
- Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University, 271A Lehotsky Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA
| | - Olivia McAnirlin
- Virtual Reality & Nature Lab, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University, Clemson, SC USA
| | - Matthew H. E. M. Browning
- Virtual Reality & Nature Lab, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University, Clemson, SC USA
| | - Lincoln R. Larson
- Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Lauren Mullenbach
- Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Alessandro Rigolon
- Department of City and Metropolitan Planning, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Ashley D’Antonio
- Forest Ecosystems and Society, College of Forestry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR USA
| | - Scott Cloutier
- School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ USA
| | - Jennifer Thomsen
- Department of Society and Conservation, W. A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT USA
| | - Elizabeth Covelli Metcalf
- Department of Society and Conservation, W. A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT USA
| | - Nathan Reigner
- Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, PA USA
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Optimizing Efforts to Promote Mental Health on College and University Campuses: Recommendations to Facilitate Usage of Services, Resources, and Supports. J Behav Health Serv Res 2022; 49:252-258. [PMID: 35028872 PMCID: PMC8758218 DOI: 10.1007/s11414-021-09780-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mental health has long been a challenge on college and university campuses. Though it has historically taken a back seat to physical health, college administrators recently identified mental health as a key area for additional support. With the COVID-19 pandemic bringing mental health into the conversation across the country, there is no more critical and opportune time for colleges and universities to prioritize mental health. Many public and private universities alike have begun to do this, but how can they ensure that the services and resources they are providing and promoting get used and that students, faculty, and staff reap the benefits of these efforts? This commentary describes a set of universal steps the authors recommend based on their experience working with colleges and universities across New York State to increase uptake and usage of services.
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Liu CH, Wong GTF, Hyun S, Hahm HC. Concerns about the social climate, finances, and COVID-19 risk on depression and anxiety: An analysis on U.S. young adults across two waves. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 148:286-292. [PMID: 35189512 PMCID: PMC8828372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Concerns regarding contracting COVID-19 and finances may be risks to mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Social climate concerns may be another risk, given U.S. protests taking place during this period. We tested the hypothesis that concerns about COVID-19 risk, finances, and social climate would predict clinically significant levels of depression, anxiety, and comorbid depression and anxiety in young adults. A total of 782 U.S. young adults (18-30 years), initially recruited through convenience sampling (social media, email listservs), completed online surveys at Wave 1 (April-August 2020) and Wave 2 (September 2020-March 2021). The primary outcomes included scoring above the cut off for depressive (PHQ-8 ≥ 10) or anxiety symptoms (GAD ≥10). Approximately 41% reported depression and 47% reported anxiety at Wave 1; rates did not differ at Wave 2. Individuals with greater financial concerns were 14% more likely to score high on depressive symptoms; those with COVID-19 risk concerns and social climate concerns were 21% and 54% more likely, respectively, to score high on generalized anxiety. Those with social climate and financial concerns were 52% and 15% more likely, respectively, to score high on comorbid depressive and anxiety symptoms. Analyses controlled for Wave 1 symptoms. We provide evidence highlighting the roles of social climate and COVID-19 risk concerns on anxiety, and financial concerns on depression in young adults. Public health campaigns should acknowledge broader societal issues that have taken place as a source of mental health distress, beyond those driven by the pandemic (e.g., isolation and lockdowns).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy H Liu
- Department of Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ga Tin Finneas Wong
- Department of Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sunah Hyun
- Department of Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Broner SE, Hareli M, Gonzales CH, Conley CS, Ruggieri AL. Finding Silver Linings: A Mixed Methods Analysis of COVID-19's Challenges and Opportunities for College Students' Functioning and Outlook. EMERGING ADULTHOOD (PRINT) 2022; 10:491-510. [PMID: 38603195 PMCID: PMC8795825 DOI: 10.1177/21676968211060946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
This study examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on college students' lives. A mixed methods approach, analyzing open- and closed-ended questions about challenges and opportunities, reveals numerous ways in which the pandemic has impacted students in general and differentially by gender, sexual orientation, race/ethnicity, and family income. Cisgender male and heterosexual students generally reported less of a mental health impact from the pandemic. Gender and sexual minorities, and low- to middle-income students, also noted some effects of the pandemic more often than their peers. Finally, thematic analysis revealed that where students found challenges, they also found opportunities within the broad categories of Lifestyle and Routines, Academic/Professional, Health, Interpersonal, and Societal impacts, evidencing heterogeneity and resilience in finding silver linings despite the challenging pandemic. This research has implications for equitably deploying and tailoring university and mental health resources both during and beyond the pandemic to improve student well-being and success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Broner
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maya Hareli
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carol H. Gonzales
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Colleen S. Conley
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Tri Sakti AM, Mohd Ajis SZ, Azlan AA, Kim HJ, Wong E, Mohamad E. Impact of COVID-19 on School Populations and Associated Factors: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:4024. [PMID: 35409707 PMCID: PMC8997877 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Apart from the severe impact on public health and well-being, the chain effect resulting from the COVID-19 health crisis is a profound disruption for various other sectors, notably in education. COVID-19 has driven massive transformation in many aspects of the educational landscape, particularly as teaching and learning shifted online due to school closure. Despite the many impacts of the health crises on school populations, a systematic review regarding this particular issue has yet to be conducted. This study, therefore, attempts to comprehensively review the impact of health crises on school populations (student, teacher, parent, and school administration). An extensive literature search guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) reporting checklist was performed in two selected databases, namely Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus to identify how this particular topic was previously studied. Exclusion and inclusion criteria were set to ensure that only research papers written in English from the year 2000 to the present (April 2021) were included. From a total of 457 studies screened, only 41 of them were deemed eligible to be included for qualitative synthesis. The findings revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic was the only health crisis discussed when it comes to investigating the impact of health crises on school populations. This study found four notable consequences of health crises on school populations, which are impacts on mental health, teaching and learning, quality of life, and physical health. Among factors associated with the impact of the health crises are; demographic factors, concerns about the pandemic, education-related factors, health-related factors, geographic factors, economic concerns, teaching challenges, and parenting in the pandemic. This study is expected to be a reference for future works in formulating crises mitigation strategies to reduce the impact of health crises on schools by exploring the contexts of the crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andi Muhammad Tri Sakti
- Centre for Research in Media and Communication, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
- UKM x UNICEF Communication for Development Centre in Health, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
- Faculty of Communication Science, Mercu Buana University, Jakarta 11650, Indonesia
| | - Siti Zaiton Mohd Ajis
- UKM x UNICEF Communication for Development Centre in Health, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Arina Anis Azlan
- Centre for Research in Media and Communication, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
- UKM x UNICEF Communication for Development Centre in Health, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Hyung Joon Kim
- UNICEF Malaysia Country Office, Putrajaya 62100, Malaysia
| | - Elizabeth Wong
- UNICEF Malaysia Country Office, Putrajaya 62100, Malaysia
| | - Emma Mohamad
- Centre for Research in Media and Communication, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
- UKM x UNICEF Communication for Development Centre in Health, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
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Li M, Sun W, Wang Y, Qi C. Prevalence and Differences of Depression, Anxiety, and Substance Use Between Chinese College-Age Students Studying in China and America During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:805120. [PMID: 35370855 PMCID: PMC8965811 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.805120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) swept the globe and harmfully influenced the mental health and behaviors of the college student population. This study aims to examine the prevalence and difference of mental health and the substance use problems of the Chinese college-age students studying in China and America (CSA) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods One thousand five hundred four students participated in this study. A total of 42.12% of students are enrolled in Chinese colleges, and 57.78% of students are enrolled in American colleges, aged 17-23 years (x ¯ ± s = 19.90 ± 1.50). Binary logistic regression and independent t-test were used in this study to find the predictor variables and association among mental health, substance use problems, and student population. Results The two student groups had a statistical difference in General Anxiety Disorder-7 scale, alcohol, medicines, drinks, drugs and cigarettes (p < 0.01). The students suffering depression problems from the two groups have statistical significance with drinks (odds ratio = 0.89, 95% confidence interval = 0.81-0.97, p < 0.05; odds ratio = 1.11, 95% confidence interval = 1.04-1.19, p < 0.01). CSA experiencing anxiety problem had a significant association with alcohol, drinks, cigarette, and desserts (p < 0.05). Conclusion This is the first cross-sectional study focusing on the comparison of the Chinese college-age students' mental health and substance use problems who are studying in China and America during the pandemic. Our study revealed severe mental health and substance use problems in both student groups, particularly in the CSA during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings of our study also highlight the evidence to find more interventions and preventions to solve the different mental health and substance use problems for college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsheng Li
- Department of Geriatric VIP No. 3 (Department of Clinical Psychology), Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Psychology Department, Denison University, Granville, OH, United States
| | - Wangdi Sun
- Department of Geriatric VIP No. 3 (Department of Clinical Psychology), Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Geriatric VIP No. 3 (Department of Clinical Psychology), Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Psychology Department, Air Force Health Care Center for Special Services Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chang Qi
- Department of Geriatric VIP No. 3 (Department of Clinical Psychology), Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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Liu CH, Hyun S, Mittal L, Erdei C. Psychological risks to mother-infant bonding during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:853-861. [PMID: 34645943 PMCID: PMC9008072 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01751-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to examine the association between mental health symptoms, along with psychological experiences and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related concerns, and self-reported maternal-infant bonding experiences of postpartum women. METHODS Using data collected from May 19 to August 17, 2020, this cross-sectional online study assessed 429 women to better understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women during the postpartum period. Enrolled respondents were asked to participate in a 30-45-min online survey about COVID-19-related experiences, pregnancy, stress, and well-being. RESULTS Postpartum women's depressive symptoms were related to lower quality maternal-infant bonding, but the anxiety symptoms were not associated with bonding. Maternal self-efficacy, but not social support, was associated with mothers' higher quality of maternal-infant bonding. COVID-19-related grief was significantly associated with lower quality bonding. On the other hand, COVID-19-related health worries were associated with higher quality of maternal-infant bonding. CONCLUSIONS We describe potential psychological risk factors to maternal-infant bonding among postpartum women during the pandemic period. To best support the medical and psychological well-being of the mothers and infants, enhanced interdisciplinary partnerships among perinatal healthcare professionals involved in primary and/or specialty care is needed. IMPACT Unique COVID-19-related health and grief concerns exist, with implications for maternal-infant bonding. Depression but not anxiety is associated with lower maternal-infant bonding. Caregiving confidence, but not social support, is associated with higher maternal-infant bonding. It is critical to screen for postpartum depression and COVID-19-related grief during maternal follow-up and pediatric visits. Study findings inform and prioritize pediatric interventions toward enhancing maternal-infant bonding during the COVID-19 era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy H Liu
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Sunah Hyun
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leena Mittal
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carmina Erdei
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Uymaz P, Uymaz AO. Assessing acceptance of augmented reality in nursing education. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263937. [PMID: 35176073 PMCID: PMC8853491 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has negatively affected every aspect of human life. In these challenging times nursing students, facing academic and psychological issues, are advised to use augmented reality applications in the field of health sciences for increasing their motivations and academic performances. The main motive of the study was to examine the acceptance status of nursing students in implementing augmented reality technology in their education and training. The study is a quantitative research study, and it uses the causal-comparative screening method. The data used in the study was collected online from 419 nursing students. The hybrid method was preferred. First, the hypotheses based on the linear relationships were defined between the variables which were then tested by the method of structural equation modeling. Second, the method of artificial neural networks was used to determine the non-linear relationships between the variables. The results show that the nursing students have a high intention of using augmented reality technology as a way of self-learning. It was also found that the most emphasized motive behind this intention is the expectation that using augmented reality technology will increase their academic performance. They also think that AR technology has many potential benefits to offer in the future. It was observed that a considerable number of students already use augmented reality technology for its usefulness and with a hedonic motivation. In conclusion, nursing students have a high acceptance of using augmented reality technology during their education and training process. Since we live in a world where e-learning and self-learning education/training have become widespread, it is estimated that students will demand augmented reality applications as a part of holistic education, and as an alternative to traditional textbooks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Uymaz
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ali Osman Uymaz
- Department of Human Resources Management, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya, Antalya, Turkey
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66
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Kaur J, Chow E, Ravenhurst J, Snyder T, Pennell S, Lover AA, Goff SL. Considerations for Meeting Students' Mental Health Needs at a U.S. University During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:815031. [PMID: 35211446 PMCID: PMC8863128 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.815031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To better understand the potential ongoing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on U.S. university students' mental health and to generate hypotheses as to how universities may best meet students' mental health needs. Participants Students at a large public university in the United States. Methods Students were invited via email to participate in either interviews or focus groups regarding their COVID-19 pandemic experiences, including mental health impacts. Recruitment took place in two waves. Sessions were led by student members of the research team and took place via video conference between December 2020 and June 2021. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed via Zoom and manually edited and de-identified by the research team. Interview data were analyzed deductively and inductively using a modified grounded theory approach. Results A total of 40 undergraduate and graduate students took part in the study. Major themes included: (1) Overall impact of the pandemic on mental health; (2) Sources of pandemic stress/mental health impacts; (3) Subsequent coping strategies; and (4) Suggestions for improving university support for student mental health. Subthemes were identified within each major theme. Students reported substantial anxiety and other mental health impacts and felt improvements in communication and access to mental health resources could better support students. Conclusions This study provides context for the ways in which the COVID-19 pandemic may be continuing to impact mental health in a north-American university setting and identifies suggestions for potential interventions that future studies may test for effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessalyn Kaur
- Department of Health Promotion and Policy, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Eva Chow
- Department of Health Promotion and Policy, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Johanna Ravenhurst
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Teah Snyder
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Sheila Pennell
- Elaine Marieb College of Nursing, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Andrew A. Lover
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Sarah L. Goff
- Department of Health Promotion and Policy, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
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Howard AL, Carnrite KD, Barker ET. First-Year University Students' Mental Health Trajectories Were Disrupted at the Onset of COVID-19, but Disruptions Were Not Linked to Housing and Financial Vulnerabilities: A Registered Report. EMERGING ADULTHOOD (PRINT) 2022; 10:264-281. [PMID: 35103117 PMCID: PMC8796160 DOI: 10.1177/21676968211053523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This study modeled disruptions in first-year undergraduates' trajectories of mental health associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, testing whether disruptions were worse for students who moved residences, reported low family income, or were food insecure. Participants (n = 510) at a large Canadian university reported depression, anxiety, and stress in September, November, January, and March. In March 2020, in tandem with COVID-related campus closures, students also reported for each mental health measure whether their responses were influenced by personal experiences surrounding the pandemic. As hypothesized, students who reported feeling more COVID-related disruption reported poorer mental health in March. Contrary to hypotheses, mental health disruptions were not more pronounced for students who moved, had low income, or were food insecure. Survey administration at an early stage of COVID-19 combined with supports afforded by moving in with parents and near-universal government income assistance may have mitigated the incremental distress we hypothesized for vulnerable students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Howard
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Erin T Barker
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Charmaraman L, Lynch AD, Richer AM, Zhai E. Examining Early Adolescent Positive and Negative Social Technology Behaviors and Well-being During the COVID-19 Pandemic. TECHNOLOGY, MIND, AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 3:10.1037/tmb0000062. [PMID: 36561093 PMCID: PMC9769924 DOI: 10.1037/tmb0000062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Public concerns of how frequently adolescents used screens during the pandemic shutdowns fueled the need to research whether these behaviors were conducive or detrimental to their wellbeing. The aims of this longitudinal survey study of 586 middle school students in the Northeast U.S. were to examine (a) changes in positive and negative social technology behaviors prior to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic (fall 2019) compared to during the pandemic (fall 2020) including any differences by subgroups and (b) whether changes in social technology behaviors were associated with wellbeing outcomes and any moderating factors. We found that during this time period, there were significant increases in frequency of checking social media, social technology use before bedtime, and problematic internet use. Students also experienced significant increases in social anxiety, loneliness, and depressive symptoms, but also increased strategies of coping when stressed. By following our preregistered analytical plan, each research aim was addressed within a multilevel modeling framework with time nested within students. We found extremely small effects of social technology behaviors associated with wellbeing, such as online support seeking being related to strategies when coping with stress. Though we found statistically significant effects, none of the findings met our effect size criteria (i.e., effect of ≥.05). Overall, we did not find any strong support that the changes in wellbeing that adolescents experienced during the COVID-19 social distancing was meaningfully related to their social technology use, which is counter to the popular assumption that adolescent wellbeing is intricately tied to their social technology use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emily Zhai
- Wellesley Centers for Women, Wellesley College
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69
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Gauvin SEM, Mulroy ME, McInnis MK, Jackowich RA, Levang SL, Coyle SM, Pukall CF. An Investigation of Sexual and Relationship Adjustment During COVID-19. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 51:273-285. [PMID: 35059943 PMCID: PMC8776387 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02212-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and the mitigation measures put in place have resulted in universal disruption in the usual ways of life for individuals. The current study sought to investigate how aspects of sexual health (well-being and functioning) and relationship satisfaction changed or remained stable during the pandemic. During two separate time points (Time 1 including Time 1 and a retrospective baseline, Time 2), participants completed online measures of sexual well-being (sexual pleasure, partnered and solitary orgasm frequency, sexual distress), sexual functioning, and relationship satisfaction. Participants reported slight declines in sexual pleasure, frequency of orgasms with a partner, and frequency of solitary orgasms from pre-COVID-19 (retrospective baseline) to Time 1, with no significant differences in sexual distress and relationship satisfaction. For individuals with vulvas, sexual functioning improved from Time 1 to Time 2, whereas no significant differences in sexual functioning were observed for individuals with penises. Aspects of sexual health and relational satisfaction did not sufficiently change across time points to be considered meaningful health outcome changes. Given that minimal disruptions were noted in pre-COVID-19 to COVID-19 sexuality, these results highlight the potential resiliency of individuals' sexuality when facing sudden changes in their daily lives. Implications of COVID-19's effects on sexual well-being and relationship satisfaction research are broadly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maeve E Mulroy
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Meghan K McInnis
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Robyn A Jackowich
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Samantha L Levang
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Shannon M Coyle
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Caroline F Pukall
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
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70
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McMaughan DJ, Rhoads KE, Davis C, Chen X, Han H, Jones RA, Mahaffey CC, Miller BM. COVID-19 Related Experiences Among College Students With and Without Disabilities: Psychosocial Impacts, Supports, and Virtual Learning Environments. Front Public Health 2021; 9:782793. [PMID: 34957033 PMCID: PMC8708905 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.782793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional analysis estimated differences, based on disability status, in college students' (n = 777) experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were modeled using t-tests and logistic regression. Most participants were white (86.2%), and women (66.4%). The mode age was 23. A third (35.6%) had at least one disability. Students reported high rates of psychosocial distress, like fear of contracting (59.7%) and spreading (74.3%) COVID-19, worry about friends and family (83.7%), and increased anxiety (72.5%), depression (59.9%), and substance use (24.7%). Forty-two percent (42.2%) were scared they would miss out on their education through virtual classes. About a third feared forgetting assignments (34.1%) and making mistakes (33.9%). Fewer students expressed apprehension about (27.9%) and intimidation by (26.3%) virtual learning. Only 17.2% would continue taking virtual classes after the pandemic. Students with disabilities (M = 12.4, SD = 4.1) experienced more psychosocial stressors compared to students without disabilities (M = 9.9, SD = 4.2), [t(775) = 7.86, p < 0.001]. In adjusted models, disabled students were more than twice as likely to experience worry about medical bills (OR = 2.29), loneliness (OR = 2.09), and increased anxiety (OR = 2.31). They were also more than three times as likely to report increased depression (OR = 3.51) and changes in sexual activity (OR = 3.12). However, students with disabilities (M = 1.5, SD = 1.1) also reported receiving more support compared to their non-disabled classmates (M = 1.1, SD = 1.1), [t(775) = 6.06, p < 0.001]. Disabled students were more likely to feel a sense of contributing to society by following precautions (OR = 1.80) and receive support from family and others (emotional support: OR = 2.01, financial support: OR = 2.04). Interestingly, no significant differences were found in students' feelings associated with online or virtual learning [t(526.08) = 0.42, p = 0.68]. Students with disabilities, though, trended toward reporting negative experiences with virtual learning. In conclusion, students with disabilities were disproportionately affected by COVID-19 stressors, but also expressed more support and a sense of contributing to the common good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darcy Jones McMaughan
- Health Education and Promotion, School of Community Health Sciences, Counseling and Counseling Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Kelley E Rhoads
- Health Education and Promotion, School of Community Health Sciences, Counseling and Counseling Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Crys Davis
- Department of Educational Psychology, College of Education and Human Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Xuewei Chen
- Health Education and Promotion, School of Community Health Sciences, Counseling and Counseling Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Ho Han
- Health Education and Promotion, School of Community Health Sciences, Counseling and Counseling Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Richard A Jones
- Department of Integrative Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Carlos C Mahaffey
- Health Education and Promotion, School of Community Health Sciences, Counseling and Counseling Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Bridget M Miller
- Health Education and Promotion, School of Community Health Sciences, Counseling and Counseling Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States.,Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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Haddad JM, Macenski C, Mosier-Mills A, Hibara A, Kester K, Schneider M, Conrad RC, Liu CH. The Impact of Social Media on College Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Multinational Review of the Existing Literature. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2021; 23:70. [PMID: 34613542 PMCID: PMC8493361 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-021-01288-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW During the COVID-19 pandemic, both social media use and rates of anxiety and depression among college students have increased significantly. This begs the question, what is the relationship between social media use and college student mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic? RECENT FINDINGS Prior studies have found mixed results regarding the relationship between social media use and college student mental health. This relationship has become increasingly complex during the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that excessive or problematic social media use during the COVID-19 pandemic was correlated with worse mental health outcomes that could be mitigated by dialectical thinking, optimism, mindfulness, and cognitive reappraisal. The COVID-19 pandemic acts as a moderator by strengthening the relationship between social media use and mental health. Future studies should consider the impact of social media on college student mental health and concentrate on intervention initiatives to ensure the psychological well-being of college students during a global pandemic outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Haddad
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St., 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Christina Macenski
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St., 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Alice Hibara
- Harvard College, 86 Brattle Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | | | - Marguerite Schneider
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Rachel C Conrad
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St., 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Cindy H Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St., 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St., 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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72
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Conrad RC, Riba M. Current Opportunities Within College Mental Health. ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF DIRECTORS OF PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENCY TRAINING AND THE ASSOCIATION FOR ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY 2021; 45:549-551. [PMID: 34405384 PMCID: PMC8370048 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-021-01520-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Conrad
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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73
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Hahm HC, Ha Y, Scott JC, Wongchai V, Chen JA, Liu CH. Perceived COVID-19-related anti-Asian discrimination predicts post traumatic stress disorder symptoms among Asian and Asian American young adults. Psychiatry Res 2021; 303:114084. [PMID: 34242971 PMCID: PMC8661065 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigates the prevalence of COVID-19-related discrimination and the extent to which COVID-19-related discrimination is associated with mental health symptoms among Asians and Asian American (A/AA) young adults during the first three months of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We used data from the COVID-19 Adult Resilience Experiences Study (CARES), a cross-sectional online survey conducted in the U.S. Out of 1,001 respondents, 211 A/AA young adults were analyzed for this study. RESULTS Sixty-eight percent of A/AA young adults reported that they or their family have experienced COVID-19-related discrimination and approximately 15% of respondents reported verbal or physical assaults. After controlling for covariates including predisposing factors, lifetime discrimination, and pre-existing mental health diagnoses, COVID-19-related discrimination was significantly associated with an increased level of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but not of anxiety or depression. Our study results suggest that COVID-19-related discrimination may contribute to PTSD symptoms among A/AA young adults. LIMITATIONS This was cross-sectional data which was collected through online and self-report rather than clinical evaluation. CONCLUSION This finding adds greater urgency to develop and implement policy- and individual-level interventions to reduce race-based discrimination among A/AA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoonsook Ha
- School of Social Work, 264 Bay State Road, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Judith C Scott
- School of Social Work, 264 Bay State Road, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Justin A. Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cindy H Liu
- Department of Newborn Medicine & Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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74
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Hyun S, Wong GTF, Levy-Carrick NC, Charmaraman L, Cozier Y, Yip T, Hahm H“C, Liu CH. Psychosocial correlates of posttraumatic growth among U.S. young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry Res 2021; 302:114035. [PMID: 34139592 PMCID: PMC9754682 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Given the prolonged nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, the purpose of this study was to examine the association between posttraumatic growth (PTG) among young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and their psychosocial characteristics, specifically: distress tolerance; resilience; family connectedness; depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms; and COVID-19-related worry. The study utilized data from 805 U.S. young adults (18-30 years) who completed online surveys during the COVID-19 pandemic across two waves (April-August 2020 and September 2020-March 2021). Overall, young adults reported low PTG scores. PTSD symptoms and COVID-19-related worry significantly predicted higher levels of PTG, while their depression symptoms predicted lower levels of PTG. Resilience and family connectedness significantly predicted higher levels of PTG, and distress tolerance significantly predicted lower levels of PTG after accounting for sociodemographic characteristics and negative influential factors. Compared to Whites, Asians were less likely to report PTG. In general, young adults have not perceived personal growth from the pandemic; however, young adults with certain psychosocial factors appear to be predisposed to such PTG. This study highlights the importance of exploring and elucidating the potential positive trajectories following the adversity of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunah Hyun
- Department of Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ga Tin Finneas Wong
- Department of Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Yvette Cozier
- School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tiffany Yip
- Psychology Department, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Cindy H. Liu
- Department of Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Corresponding author at: Departments of Pediatric Newborn Medicine & Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Khan K, Li Y, Liu S, Li C. Psychological Distress and Trust in University Management Among International Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychol 2021; 12:679661. [PMID: 34220649 PMCID: PMC8250427 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.679661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the end of 2019, the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has engendered widespread fear and anxiety across China. Nearly half a million international students pursuing their studies in Chinese universities have also been exposed to the psychological distress triggered by the unfolding crisis. In addition to government and medical institutions' efforts, universities have also endeavored to mitigate concerns among these students under quarantine on campus by providing reliable information as well as medical, monetary, and emotional support. In this study, international students' trust in university management teams and its role in remediating their anxieties were evaluated using an online survey conducted after 10 days of the lockdown of Wuhan, China. The empirical analysis incorporates quantitative data from 180 international students. Ordinary least squares regression and probit regression were used in the analysis with the non-robust and robust models. The study found students' perception of trust in university management to be negatively associated with their anxiety levels. Additionally, having trust in university management was found to positively influence students' commitment to the self-quarantine guidelines. These results reinforce the important role of universities and their relationship with international students during public health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karamat Khan
- School of Economics, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- School of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- School of Business, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Chuntao Li
- School of Finance, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China
- School of International Education, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
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Hagedorn RL, Wattick RA, Olfert MD. "My Entire World Stopped": College Students' Psychosocial and Academic Frustrations during the COVID-19 Pandemic. APPLIED RESEARCH IN QUALITY OF LIFE 2021; 17:1069-1090. [PMID: 33995688 PMCID: PMC8110469 DOI: 10.1007/s11482-021-09948-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted normalcy for college attending young adults which resulted in a loss of the campus environment and classroom setting. This change in setting may interfere with a student's personal and academic wellbeing. This study used an online survey to evaluate college students' academic and psychosocial frustrations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected from March-April 2020 at a land-grant university in the Appalachian region. Data were available from 2643 undergraduate and graduate students. There was a 65.8% and 15.7% increase in the number of students who reported their learning and health as fair, poor, or very poor after the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. Qualitative responses were coded and 8 themes and 24 subthemes emerged. College students expressed frustrations regarding technology, classwork, research, family, social, emotional, behavioral, and financial aspects of life. These results can be used by higher education administration, faculty, and staff when planning for online courses. Ensuring that student frustrations and barriers to success are recognized and considered may help prevent students departing from higher education during this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Hagedorn
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Design, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA
| | - Rachel A. Wattick
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Design, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA
| | - Melissa D. Olfert
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Design, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA
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Psychiatric impacts of the COVID-19 global pandemic on U.S. sexual and gender minority young adults. Psychiatry Res 2021; 299:113855. [PMID: 33721788 PMCID: PMC8278978 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented isolation and mental health effects; few studies have characterized this in sexual and gender (SGM) minority young people, a particularly vulnerable population. This cross-sectional study sought to analyze the mental health outcomes of SGM young people (18-30 years) during the early stages of the pandemic in the United States (April 13-June 18, 2020) and to explore how factors related to SGM identity impact mental health, such as lifetime discrimination, family support, and pre-existing mental health conditions. An online survey collected socio-demographic information and assessed for both mental health (depression (PHQ-8), anxiety (GAD-7), PTSD (PCL-C)) and COVID-19-related outcomes (COVID-19-related worries and COVID-19-related grief). Out of 981 participants, 320 (32.6%) identified as SGM. SGM had significantly higher levels of depression and PTSD symptoms as well as COVID-19-related worries and grief than non-SGM, even after controlling for family support, lifetime discrimination, and pre-existing mental health diagnoses. These findings suggest that not only has the COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately impacted SGM mental health, but that minority stress factors cannot fully explain this impact. Thus, clinicians and societal stakeholders (schools, employers, policymakers) must think beyond traditional minority stress factors (family support, discrimination) and pre-pandemic disparities to support this vulnerable population as the pandemic progresses.
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