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Rega LR, Janssens V, Graversen JH, Moestrup SK, Cairoli S, Goffredo BM, Nevo N, Courtoy GE, Jouret F, Antignac C, Emma F, Pierreux CE, Courtoy PJ. Dietary supplementation of cystinotic mice by lysine inhibits the megalin pathway and decreases kidney cystine content. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17276. [PMID: 37828038 PMCID: PMC10570359 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Megalin/LRP2 is a major receptor supporting apical endocytosis in kidney proximal tubular cells. We have previously reported that kidney-specific perinatal ablation of the megalin gene in cystinotic mice, a model of nephropathic cystinosis, essentially blocks renal cystine accumulation and partially preserves kidney tissue integrity. Here, we examined whether inhibition of the megalin pathway in adult cystinotic mice by dietary supplementation (5x-fold vs control regular diet) with the dibasic amino-acids (dAAs), lysine or arginine, both of which are used to treat patients with other rare metabolic disorders, could also decrease renal cystine accumulation and protect cystinotic kidneys. Using surface plasmon resonance, we first showed that both dAAs compete for protein ligand binding to immobilized megalin in a concentration-dependent manner, with identical inhibition curves by L- and D-stereoisomers. In cystinotic mice, 2-month diets with 5x-L-lysine and 5x-L-arginine were overall well tolerated, while 5x-D-lysine induced strong polyuria but no weight loss. All diets induced a marked increase of dAA urinary excretion, most prominent under 5x-D-lysine, without sign of kidney insufficiency. Renal cystine accumulation was slowed down approx. twofold by L-dAAs, and totally suppressed by D-lysine. We conclude that prolonged dietary manipulation of the megalin pathway in kidneys is feasible, tolerable and can be effective in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Rega
- Nephrology Research Unit, Translational Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - V Janssens
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute and Louvain University Medical School, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J H Graversen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - S K Moestrup
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - S Cairoli
- Division of Metabolic Diseases and Drug Biology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - B M Goffredo
- Division of Metabolic Diseases and Drug Biology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - N Nevo
- Laboratoire des Maladies Rénales Héréditaires, Inserm UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - G E Courtoy
- Imaging Platform (2IP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Louvain University Medical School, Brussels, Belgium
| | - F Jouret
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - C Antignac
- Laboratoire des Maladies Rénales Héréditaires, Inserm UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - F Emma
- Nephrology Research Unit, Translational Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - C E Pierreux
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute and Louvain University Medical School, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - P J Courtoy
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute and Louvain University Medical School, Brussels, Belgium.
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52
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Shakeri F, Mohamadynejad P, Moghanibashi M. Identification of autophagy and angiogenesis modulators in colorectal cancer based on bioinformatics analysis. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 43:340-355. [PMID: 37791824 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2023.2259431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The purpose of this study was to discover novel molecular pathways and potential prognosis biomarkers. To achieve this, we acquired five microarray datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We identified differentially expressed genes between CRC and adjacent normal tissue samples and further validated them using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Using various analytical approaches, including the construction of a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network, Gene Ontology term and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses, as well as survival analysis, we identified key genes and pathways associated with the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC. We obtained a total of 185 differentially expressed genes, comprising 17 lncRNAs, 30 miRNAs, and 138 mRNAs. The ceRNA network consisted of 17 lncRNAs, 25 miRNAs, and 7 mRNAs. Among the 7 mRNAs involved in the ceRNA network, SLC7A5 and KRT80 were found to be upregulated, while ADIPOQ, CCBE1, KCNB1, CADM2, and CHRDL1 were downregulated in CRC. Further analysis revealed that ADIPOQ and SLC7A5 are involved in the AMPK and mTOR signaling pathway, respectively. In addition, survival analysis demonstrated a statistically significant relationship between ADIPOQ, SLC7A5, and overall survival rates in CRC patients. In conclusion, our findings suggest that downregulation of ADIPOQ and upregulation of SLC7A5 in tumor cells lead to increased mTORC1 activity, reduced autophagy, enhanced angiogenesis, and ultimately contribute to cancer progression and decreased survival in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Shakeri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Parisa Mohamadynejad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mehdi Moghanibashi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
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53
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You S, Han X, Xu Y, Yao Q. Research progress on the role of cationic amino acid transporter (CAT) family members in malignant tumors and immune microenvironment. Amino Acids 2023; 55:1213-1222. [PMID: 37572157 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03313-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids are essential for the survival of all living organisms and living cells. Amino acid transporters mediate the transport and absorption of amino acids, and the dysfunction of these proteins can induce human diseases. Cationic amino acid transporters (CAT family, SLC7A1-4, and SLC7A14) are considered to be a group of transmembrane transporters, of which SLC7A1-3 are essential for arginine transport in mammals. Numerous studies have shown that CAT family-mediated arginine transport is involved in signal crosstalk between malignant tumor cells and immune cells, especially T cells. The modulation of extracellular arginine concentration has entered a number of clinical trials and achieved certain therapeutic effects. Here, we review the role of CAT family on tumor cells and immune infiltrating cells in malignant tumors and explore the therapeutic strategies to interfere with extracellular arginine concentration, to elaborate its application prospects. CAT family members may be used as biomarkers for certain cancer entities and might be included in new ideas for immunotherapy of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijing You
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Xiahui Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Yuance Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Qin Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China.
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54
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Xia P, Dubrovska A. CD98 heavy chain as a prognostic biomarker and target for cancer treatment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1251100. [PMID: 37823053 PMCID: PMC10562705 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1251100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The SLC3A2 gene encodes for a cell-surface transmembrane protein CD98hc (4F2). CD98hc serves as a chaperone for LAT1 (SLC7A5), LAT2 (SLC7A8), y+LAT1 (SLC7A7), y+LAT2 (SLC7A6), xCT (SLC7A11) and Asc1 (SLC7A10) providing their recruitment to the plasma membrane. Together with the light subunits, it constitutes heterodimeric transmembrane amino acid transporters. CD98hc interacts with other surface molecules, such as extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer CD147 (EMMPRIN) and adhesion receptors integrins, and regulates glucose uptake. In this way, CD98hc connects the signaling pathways sustaining cell proliferation and migration, biosynthesis and antioxidant defense, energy production, and stem cell properties. This multifaceted role makes CD98hc one of the critical regulators of tumor growth, therapy resistance, and metastases. Indeed, the high expression levels of CD98hc were confirmed in various tumor tissues, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, glioblastoma, colon adenocarcinoma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and others. A high expression of CD98hc has been linked to clinical prognosis and response to chemo- and radiotherapy in several types of cancer. In this mini-review, we discuss the physiological functions of CD98hc, its role in regulating tumor stemness, metastases, and therapy resistance, and the clinical significance of CD98hc as a tumor marker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Xia
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
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55
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Goo D, Choi J, Ko H, Choppa VSR, Liu G, Lillehoj HS, Kim WK. Effects of Eimeria maxima infection doses on growth performance and gut health in dual-infection model of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1269398. [PMID: 37799512 PMCID: PMC10547889 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1269398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the different doses of Eimeria maxima (EM) oocysts on growth performance and intestinal health in broiler chickens challenged with a dual infection model of necrotic enteritis (NE) using EM and NetB+ Clostridium perfringens (CP). A total of 432 fourteen-d-old male Cobb 500 broiler chickens were divided into 6 groups with 6 replicates each. The six different groups were as follows: Control, non-challenged; T0+, challenged with CP at 1 × 109 colony forming unit; T5K+, T0+ + 5,000 EM oocysts; T10K+, T0+ + 10,000 EM oocysts; T20K+; T0+ + 20,000 EM oocysts; and T40K+; T0+ + 40,000 EM oocysts. The challenge groups were orally inoculated with EM strain 41A on d 14, followed by NetB+ CP strain Del-1 on 4 days post inoculation (dpi). Increasing EM oocysts decreased d 21 body weight, body weight gain, feed intake (linear and quadratic, p < 0.001), and feed efficiency (linear, p < 0.001) from 0 to 7 dpi. Increasing EM oocysts increased jejunal NE lesion score and intestinal permeability on 5, 6, and 7 dpi (linear, p < 0.05). On 7 dpi, increasing the infection doses of EM oocysts increased jejunal CP colony counts (linear, p < 0.05) and increased fecal EM oocyst output (linear and quadratic, p < 0.001). Furthermore, increasing the infection doses of EM oocysts decreased the villus height to crypt depth ratios and the goblet cell counts (linear, p < 0.05) on 6 dpi. Increasing EM oocysts downregulated the expression of MUC2, B0AT, B0,+AT, PepT1, GLUT2, AvBD3 and 9, LEAP2, and TLR4, while upregulating CLDN1, CATHL3, IL-1β, IFN-γ, TNFSF15, TNF-α, IL-10, and Gam56 and 82 on 6 dpi (linear, p < 0.05). Additionally, increasing EM oocysts decreased Pielou's evenness and Shannon's entropy (linear, p < 0.01). In conclusion, increasing the infection doses of EM significantly aggravated the severity of NE and exerted negative impact on intestinal health from 5 to 7 dpi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyun Goo
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Janghan Choi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Hanseo Ko
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | | | - Guanchen Liu
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Hyun Soon Lillehoj
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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56
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Wei Y, Cui X, Zhou Z, Ma Q, Xu H, Liang M. Growth, Cannibalism, and 5-TH Metabolism in Pufferfish ( Takifugu obscurus ♀ × Takifugu rubripes): The Role of Graded Levels of Dietary Tryptophan. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:6693175. [PMID: 37719925 PMCID: PMC10505084 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6693175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the potential effect of graded levels of tryptophan on the growth, cannibalism, and 5-hydroxytryptpamine (5-TH) metabolism in pufferfish (Takifugu obscurus ♀ × Takifugu rubripes ♂). A 63-day feeding trial was performed wherein pufferfish were fed four diets. Three experimental diets were formulated with various levels of tryptophan based on the control diet. Four diets were named as T1, T2, T3, and T4, corresponding to 4.30, 7.80, 14.90, and 23.70 g kg-1 tryptophan of dry diet. Final body weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate were similar between the T1 and T4 groups, but exhibited a significantly increased trend compared to the T2 group. Although survival rate was not affected by various levels of dietary tryptophan, intraspecific cannibalism was significantly reduced in the group fed with highest level of tryptophan (T4). For free amino acid in brain, the concentration of tryptophan was the highest in the T3 group and the lowest in the T2 group, while phenylalanine, tyrosine, and methionine showed an opposite trend between those two groups. The levels of dietary tryptophan not only affected the expression of aromatic amino acid transporter TAT1, but also affected the expression of B0AT1, B0AT2, and 4F2hc in intestine, as well as B0AT1, y+LAT1, and LAT2 in brain. The activity of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) in serum increased with the increase of dietary tryptophan, and the expression of TPH1 in brain upregulated in the excessive tryptophan groups (T2, T3, and T4). MAO activity in serum as well as its gene expression in brain and intestine showed a decreased trend in the T4 group. In conclusion, excessive tryptophan (23.70 g kg-1 of dry diet, corresponding to 50.3 g kg-1 of dietary protein) in feed could mitigate cannibalistic behavior of pufferfish and promote the growth, and the reason for this effect might affect the metabolism of 5-TH in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Wei
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, 1 Wenhai Road, Shandong, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xishuai Cui
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhibing Zhou
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Houguo Xu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, 1 Wenhai Road, Shandong, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Mengqing Liang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshan Laboratory, 1 Wenhai Road, Shandong, Qingdao 266237, China
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57
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Myronidi I, Ring A, Wu F, Ljungdahl PO. ER-localized Shr3 is a selective co-translational folding chaperone necessary for amino acid permease biogenesis. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202208060. [PMID: 37477900 PMCID: PMC10359922 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202208060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins with multiple membrane-spanning segments (MS) co-translationally insert into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane of eukaryotic cells. Shr3, an ER membrane-localized chaperone in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is required for the functional expression of a family of 18 amino acid permeases (AAP) comprised of 12 MS. We have used comprehensive scanning mutagenesis and deletion analysis of Shr3 combined with a modified split-ubiquitin approach to probe chaperone-substrate interactions in vivo. Shr3 selectively interacts with nested C-terminal AAP truncations in marked contrast to similar truncations of non-Shr3 substrate sugar transporters. Shr3-AAP interactions initiate with the first four MS of AAP and successively strengthen but weaken abruptly when all 12 MS are present. Shr3-AAP interactions are based on structural rather than sequence-specific interactions involving membrane and luminal domains of Shr3. The data align with Shr3 engaging nascent N-terminal chains of AAP, functioning as a scaffold to facilitate folding as translation completes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Myronidi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, SciLifeLab, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Ring
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, SciLifeLab, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, SciLifeLab, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per O. Ljungdahl
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, SciLifeLab, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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58
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Uceda S, Echeverry-Alzate V, Reiriz-Rojas M, Martínez-Miguel E, Pérez-Curiel A, Gómez-Senent S, Beltrán-Velasco AI. Gut Microbial Metabolome and Dysbiosis in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Psychobiotics and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation as a Therapeutic Approach-A Comprehensive Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13294. [PMID: 37686104 PMCID: PMC10487945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The comprehensive narrative review conducted in this study delves into the mechanisms of communication and action at the molecular level in the human organism. The review addresses the complex mechanism involved in the microbiota-gut-brain axis as well as the implications of alterations in the microbial composition of patients with neurodegenerative diseases. The pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases with neuronal loss or death is analyzed, as well as the mechanisms of action of the main metabolites involved in the bidirectional communication through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. In addition, interventions targeting gut microbiota restructuring through fecal microbiota transplantation and the use of psychobiotics-pre- and pro-biotics-are evaluated as an opportunity to reduce the symptomatology associated with neurodegeneration in these pathologies. This review provides valuable information and facilitates a better understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms to be addressed in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Uceda
- BRABE Group, Psychology Department, School of Life and Nature Sciences, Nebrija University, 28240 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Echeverry-Alzate
- BRABE Group, Psychology Department, School of Life and Nature Sciences, Nebrija University, 28240 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Reiriz-Rojas
- BRABE Group, Psychology Department, School of Life and Nature Sciences, Nebrija University, 28240 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Martínez-Miguel
- Health Department, School of Life and Nature Sciences, Nebrija University, 28240 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Pérez-Curiel
- Health Department, School of Life and Nature Sciences, Nebrija University, 28240 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Gómez-Senent
- Health Department, School of Life and Nature Sciences, Nebrija University, 28240 Madrid, Spain
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59
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Abstract
Amino acids derived from protein digestion are important nutrients for the growth and maintenance of organisms. Approximately half of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids can be synthesized by mammalian organisms, while the other half are essential and must be acquired from the nutrition. Absorption of amino acids is mediated by a set of amino acid transporters together with transport of di- and tripeptides. They provide amino acids for systemic needs and for enterocyte metabolism. Absorption is largely complete at the end of the small intestine. The large intestine mediates the uptake of amino acids derived from bacterial metabolism and endogenous sources. Lack of amino acid transporters and peptide transporter delays the absorption of amino acids and changes sensing and usage of amino acids by the intestine. This can affect metabolic health through amino acid restriction, sensing of amino acids, and production of antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bröer
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia;
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60
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Spears E, Stanley JE, Shou M, Yin L, Li X, Dai C, Bradley A, Sellick K, Poffenberger G, Coate KC, Shrestha S, Jenkins R, Sloop KW, Wilson KT, Attie AD, Keller MP, Chen W, Powers AC, Dean ED. Pancreatic islet α cell function and proliferation requires the arginine transporter SLC7A2. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.10.552656. [PMID: 37645716 PMCID: PMC10461917 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.10.552656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Interrupting glucagon signaling decreases gluconeogenesis and the fractional extraction of amino acids by liver from blood resulting in lower glycemia. The resulting hyperaminoacidemia stimulates α cell proliferation and glucagon secretion via a liver-α cell axis. We hypothesized that α cells detect and respond to circulating amino acids levels via a unique amino acid transporter repertoire. We found that Slc7a2ISLC7A2 is the most highly expressed cationic amino acid transporter in α cells with its expression being three-fold greater in α than β cells in both mouse and human. Employing cell culture, zebrafish, and knockout mouse models, we found that the cationic amino acid arginine and SLC7A2 are required for α cell proliferation in response to interrupted glucagon signaling. Ex vivo and in vivo assessment of islet function in Slc7a2-/- mice showed decreased arginine-stimulated glucagon and insulin secretion. We found that arginine activation of mTOR signaling and induction of the glutamine transporter SLC38A5 was dependent on SLC7A2, showing that both's role in α cell proliferation is dependent on arginine transport and SLC7A2. Finally, we identified single nucleotide polymorphisms in SLC7A2 associated with HbA1c. Together, these data indicate a central role for SLC7A2 in amino acid-stimulated α cell proliferation and islet hormone secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Spears
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Biology, Belmont University, Nashville, TN
| | - Jade E. Stanley
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Matthew Shou
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Linlin Yin
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Chunhua Dai
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Amber Bradley
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Katelyn Sellick
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Greg Poffenberger
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Katie C. Coate
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Shristi Shrestha
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Regina Jenkins
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Kyle W. Sloop
- Diabetes and Complications, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Keith T. Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN
| | - Alan D. Attie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Mark P. Keller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Wenbiao Chen
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Alvin C. Powers
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN
| | - E. Danielle Dean
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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Ma H, Chen X, Mo S, Zhang Y, Mao X, Chen J, Liu Y, Tong WM, Lu Z, Yu S, Chen J. Targeting N-glycosylation of 4F2hc mediated by glycosyltransferase B3GNT3 sensitizes ferroptosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:1988-2004. [PMID: 37479744 PMCID: PMC10406883 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01188-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a highly fatal malignancy partially due to the acquired alterations related to aberrant protein glycosylation that pathologically remodel molecular biological processes and protect PDAC cells from death. Ferroptosis driven by lethal lipid peroxidation provides a targetable vulnerability for PDAC. However, the crosstalk between glycosylation and ferroptosis remains unclear. Here, we identified 4F2hc, a subunit of the glutamate-cystine antiporter system Xc-, and its asparagine (N)-glycosylation is involved in PDAC ferroptosis by N- and O-linked glycoproteomics. Knockdown of SLC3A2 (gene name of 4F2hc) or blocking the N-glycosylation of 4F2hc potentiates ferroptosis sensitization of PDAC cells by impairing the activity of system Xc- manifested by a marked decrease in intracellular glutathione. Mechanistically, we found that the glycosyltransferase B3GNT3 catalyzes the glycosylation of 4F2hc, stabilizes the 4F2hc protein, and enhances the interaction between 4F2hc and xCT. Knockout of B3GNT3 or deletion of enzymatically active B3GNT3 sensitizes PDAC cells to ferroptosis. Reconstitution of 4F2hc-deficient cells with wildtype 4F2hc restores ferroptosis resistance while glycosylation-mutated 4F2hc does not. Additionally, upon combination with a ferroptosis inducer, treatment with the classical N-glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin (TM) markedly triggers the overactivation of lipid peroxidation and enhances the sensitivity of PDAC cells to ferroptosis. Notably, we confirmed that genetic perturbation of SLC3A2 or combination treatment with TM significantly augments ferroptosis-induced inhibition of orthotopic PDAC. Clinically, high expression of 4F2hc and B3GNT3 contributes to the progression and poor survival of PDAC patients. Collectively, our findings reveal a previously unappreciated function of N-glycosylation of 4F2hc in ferroptosis and suggest that dual targeting the vulnerabilities of N-glycosylation and ferroptosis may be an innovative therapeutic strategy for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Ma
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xianlong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Shengwei Mo
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xinxin Mao
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jingci Chen
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yilin Liu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wei-Min Tong
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhaohui Lu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Shuangni Yu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Justich MB, Rojas OL, Fasano A. The Role of Helicobacter pylori and Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Parkinson's Disease. Semin Neurol 2023; 43:553-561. [PMID: 37562451 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder whose etiology remains largely unexplained. Several studies have aimed to describe a causative effect in the interactions between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain, for both PD pathogenesis and disease course. However, the results have been controversial. Helicobacter pylori and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) are theorized to be agents capable of triggering chronic proinflammatory changes with a possible neurotoxic effect, as well as a cause of erratic L-dopa response in PD patients. This review evaluates the individual and possibly synergistic influence of H. pylori and SIBO on PD, to provide an opportunity to consider prospective therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Belen Justich
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olga L Rojas
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alfonso Fasano
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Rehabilitation, Moriggia-Pelascini Hospital - Gravedona ed Uniti, Como, Italy
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Wang J, Guan P, Chen Y, Xu M, Wang N, Ji E. Cyclovirobuxine D pretreatment ameliorates septic heart injury through mitigation of ferroptosis. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:407. [PMID: 37522059 PMCID: PMC10375449 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial dysfunction is a frequent complication in patients with severe sepsis. However, effective drugs for the prevention of myocardial dysfunction and the molecular mechanisms of the disease remain elusive. The present study demonstrated that Cyclovirobuxine D (CVB-D) could improve cardiac dysfunction in a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model in rodents and in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model in vitro. Echocardiography and histopathological examination were used to detect changes in cardiac structure and function. Kits were used to detect indicators of cardiac injury, transmission electron microscopy to detect structural changes in mitochondria and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR to detect prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 and hamp expression levels. L-Glutathione and malondialdehyde levels and superoxide dismutase activity were measured using kits. Cell viability was measured with the Cell Counting Kit-8. Iron metabolism-related proteins, inflammatory factor levels and related pathway proteins were detected using western blot analysis. Changes in L-type calcium currents were detected by membrane clamp, and contractility of cardiomyocytes was measured by Ion Optix. CVB-D attenuated CLP-induced cardiac malfunction in septic rats, with changes observed in myocardial pathological structure, creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI). CVB-D attenuated sepsis-induced lipid peroxidation and iron overload. In addition, CVB-D decreased the expression of CK-MB, LDH and cTnI, suppressed oxidative stress index levels and reduced the production of reactive oxygen species. CVB-D decreased LPS-induced cytoplasmic iron overload by increasing upregulation of iron uptake molecules. Conversely, CVB-D significantly increased the upregulation of ferroportin 1. CVB-D pretreatment significantly reduced the levels of hamp mRNA compared with the LPS-treated group. CVB-D pretreatment significantly reduced inflammatory factor levels and the ratio of phosphorylated vs. total signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. The expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4 was upregulated in septic cells pretreated with CVB-D, however treatment with ML385 largely decreased this upregulation. Of note, CVB-D inhibited the inward flow of calcium ions through the LTCC. In conclusion, these findings suggest that CVB-D alleviated sepsis-induced cardiac iron toxicity by alleviating iron metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050091, P.R. China
| | - Peng Guan
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050091, P.R. China
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, P.R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050091, P.R. China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050091, P.R. China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050091, P.R. China
| | - Ensheng Ji
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050091, P.R. China
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Afshinpour M, Parsi P, Mahdiuni H. Investigation of molecular details of a bacterial cationic amino acid transporter (GkApcT) during arginine transportation using molecular dynamics simulation and umbrella sampling techniques. J Mol Model 2023; 29:260. [PMID: 37479900 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05670-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cationic amino acid transporters (CATs) facilitate arginine transport across membranes and maintain its levels in various tissues and organs, but their overexpression has been associated with severe cancers. A recent study identified the alternating access mechanism and critical residues involved in arginine transportation in a cationic amino acid transporter from Geobacillus kaustophilus (GkApcT). Here, we used molecular dynamics (MD) simulation methods to investigate the transportation mechanism of arginine (Arg) through GkApcT. The results revealed that arginine strongly interacts with specific binding site residues (Thr43, Asp111, Glu115, Lys191, Phe231, Ile234, and Asp237). Based on the umbrella sampling, the main driving force for arginine transport is the polar interactions of the arginine with channel-lining residues. An in-depth description of the dissociation mechanism and binding energy analysis brings valuable insight into the interactions between arginine and transporter residues, facilitating the design of effective CAT inhibitors in cancer cells. METHODS The membrane-protein system was constructed by uploading the prokaryotic CAT (PDB ID: 6F34) to the CHARMM-GUI web server. Molecular dynamics simulations were done using the GROMACS package, version 5.1.4, with the CHARMM36 force field and TIP3P water model. The MM-PBSA approach was performed for determining the arginine binding free energy. Furthermore, the hotspot residues were identified through per-residue decomposition analysis. The characteristics of the channel such as bottleneck radius and channel length were analyzed using the CaverWeb 1.1 web server. The proton wire inside the transporter was investigated based on the classic Grotthuss mechanism. We also investigated the atomistic details of arginine transportation using the path-based free energy umbrella sampling technique (US).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maral Afshinpour
- Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Razi University, P.O. Box, Kermanshah, 67149-67346, Iran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University (SDSU), Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Parinaz Parsi
- Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Razi University, P.O. Box, Kermanshah, 67149-67346, Iran
| | - Hamid Mahdiuni
- Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Razi University, P.O. Box, Kermanshah, 67149-67346, Iran.
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Yang L, Chu Z, Liu M, Zou Q, Li J, Liu Q, Wang Y, Wang T, Xiang J, Wang B. Amino acid metabolism in immune cells: essential regulators of the effector functions, and promising opportunities to enhance cancer immunotherapy. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:59. [PMID: 37277776 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01453-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acids are basic nutrients for immune cells during organ development, tissue homeostasis, and the immune response. Regarding metabolic reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment, dysregulation of amino acid consumption in immune cells is an important underlying mechanism leading to impaired anti-tumor immunity. Emerging studies have revealed that altered amino acid metabolism is tightly linked to tumor outgrowth, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance through governing the fate of various immune cells. During these processes, the concentration of free amino acids, their membrane bound transporters, key metabolic enzymes, and sensors such as mTOR and GCN2 play critical roles in controlling immune cell differentiation and function. As such, anti-cancer immune responses could be enhanced by supplement of specific essential amino acids, or targeting the metabolic enzymes or their sensors, thereby developing novel adjuvant immune therapeutic modalities. To further dissect metabolic regulation of anti-tumor immunity, this review summarizes the regulatory mechanisms governing reprogramming of amino acid metabolism and their effects on the phenotypes and functions of tumor-infiltrating immune cells to propose novel approaches that could be exploited to rewire amino acid metabolism and enhance cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luming Yang
- Chongqing University Medical School, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10# Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaole Chu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10# Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Liu
- Chongqing University Medical School, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10# Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zou
- Chongqing University Medical School, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10# Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10# Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10# Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- Chongqing University Medical School, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10# Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junyu Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10# Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10# Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, People's Republic of China.
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El-Demerdash AS, Mohamady SN, Megahed HM, Ali NM. Evaluation of gene expression related to immunity, apoptosis, and gut integrity that underlies Artemisia's therapeutic effects in necrotic enteritis-challenged broilers. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:181. [PMID: 37193331 PMCID: PMC10182211 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03560-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The experiment was designed to validate the effect of Artemisia annua and its novel commercial product (Navy Cox) on the control of necrotic enteritis (NE). A total of one hundred forty broiler chicks were randomly distributed into seven equal groups: G1, control negative; G2, infected with Eimeria (day 15) and C. perfringens (day 19); G3, treated with Navy Cox before challenge; G4, treated with Artemisia before challenge; G5, infected and then treated with Navy Cox; G6, infected and then treated with Artemisia; and G7, infected and treated with amoxicillin. Chicken response and immune organ indicants were recorded during the observation period (4 weeks). Whole blood and serum samples were collected for immunological evaluation, and tissue samples were collected for bacterial counts and estimation of mRNA expression of genes encoding apoptosis, tight junctions, and immunity. Chickens in the infected group revealed a significant decrease in RBCS, HB, PCV% total protein, Lysozyme, and nitric oxide activity in addition to leukocytosis, heterophilia, monocytosis, increase in cortisol, interleukins, and malondialdehyde. Treated groups displayed lower lesions, colony-forming units, and no mortality. Concurrently, a complete blood profile, antioxidants, and immune markers showed significant improvements. The mRNA expression levels of CASP, CLDN-1, OCLN, TJPI, MUC2, and cell-mediated immune response genes (p < 0.0001) were significantly alleviated in the treated groups compared with the challenged counterpart. This is the first-ever report on the efficacy valuation of Navy Cox compared to standard antibiotic treatment of clostridial NE. Navy Cox proved remarkable capability to minimize C. perfringens colonization in broiler intestines, modulation of mucus production, gut health integrity, immune organs, and immune response when used as a prophylactic agent in this form or naturally as Artemisia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza S. El-Demerdash
- Microbiology Department, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sahar N. Mohamady
- Clinical Pathology Department, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hend M. Megahed
- Biochemistry Department, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Naglaa M. Ali
- Poultry Disease Department, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Assuit, Egypt
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Jiao W, Xu J, Wu D, Yu J, Zhang M, Liu L, Chen G. Anti-proliferation and anti-migration effects of Yishen Tongbi decoction in experimental rheumatoid arthritis by suppressing SLC3A2/integrin β3 signaling pathways. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 114:154741. [PMID: 36990010 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yishen Tongbi (YSTB) decoction is a patented herbal formula that is used in China to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, the exact mechanism of its anti-synovial hyperplasia efficacy has not been fully elucidated. PURPOSE Based on our previous proteomics study, we aimed to reveal whether YSTB inhibits the proliferation and migration of RA-FLSs through the SLC3A2/integrin β3 pathway in vivo and in vitro. STUDY DESIGN The study design consists of three parts, a comparison of the expression of SLC3A2 and integrin β3 in synovial tissues of RA and OA patients; an animal experiment to verify the pharmacodynamic effect of YSTB, and in vitro experiment to elucidate the specific mechanism of YSTB. METHODS The expression of SLC3A2 and integrin β3 in the synovial tissues of patients with RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patients were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). In vitro, firstly, the proliferation and migration abilities of HFLS (human fibroblast-like synoviocytes) and HFLS-RA (human fibroblast-like synoviocytes-RA) cells were compared by EdU staining and wound healing assays, respectively, and the differences in the expression and localization of SLC3A2, integrin β3, p-FAK and p-Src between HFLS and HFLS-RA cells were detected by IF and WB. In vivo, DBA/1 mice were injected with bovine collagen II to construct a CIA mouse model. Paw swelling, body weight and the arthritis index (AI) were used as basic treatment evaluation indicators for YSTB. Micro-CT and histopathological analyses of the knee and ankle joints were also performed. In addition, the expression of SLC3A2, integrin β3, p-FAK and p-Src in the synovial tissue of mice was detected by IHC. Subsequently, CCK-8 was used to screen for suitable concentrations of YSTB for use in HFLS-RA cells. EdU staining and transwell migration assays were performed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of YSTB on cell proliferation and migration, and WB was conducted to assess whether YSTB inhibited HFLS-RA migration through downregulation of the SLC3A2/integrin β3 pathways. RESULTS IHC showed that the expression of SLC3A2 and integrin β3 was higher in RA synovial tissues than in OA tissues. In vivo experiments showed that YSTB inhibited synovial hyperplasia, prevented bone destruction, and reduced the expression of SLC3A2, integrin β3, p-FAK and p-Src. In vitro experiments showed that YSTB inhibited HFLS-RA migration and proliferation by inhibiting the expression of SLC3A2/integrin β3 and downstream signaling molecules. CONCLUSION YSTB inhibits the proliferation and migration of synovial fibroblasts in RA by downregulating the SLC3A2/integrin β3 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiao
- First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Xu
- First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danbin Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Yu
- First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingying Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangxing Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Baiyun Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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Li X, Lu L, Ru S, Eom J, Wang D, Wang J. Nanoplastics induce more severe multigenerational life-history trait changes and metabolic responses in marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis: Comparison with microplastics. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 449:131070. [PMID: 36840989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Micro/nanoplastics (MPs/NPs) have attracted global attention for their potential adverse impacts on marine ecosystems. This study investigated the impacts of MPs/NPs (70 nm, 500 nm, and 2 µm) on population growth and life-history traits of marine rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis), and further explored the differences from the aspects of nutrient accumulation and metabolomic profiles. The results showed that 200 and 2000 µg/L 70 nm NPs significantly suppressed population growth, and negatively affected life span, the first spawning and breeding time, and fecundity in F0-F2 generation rotifers. Whereas 500 nm NPs and 2 µm MPs showed no effect on population growth 200 µg/L and only changed the life-history traits at the highest concentration. Moreover, 70 nm NPs were more easily accumulated in the rotifers and reduced food ingestion and nutrient accumulation, which caused more severe disruption on purine-pyrimidine metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and protein synthesis pathway compared to 500 nm NPs. Thus, the smaller the size of the plastic particles, the stronger the toxicity to the rotifers. This study provided new insights into the toxicity of MPs/NPs on marine zooplankton and proposed that metabolomics was powerful to explore the toxicity mechanisms of MPs/NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lin Lu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Junho Eom
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dong Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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Nong S, Han X, Xiang Y, Qian Y, Wei Y, Zhang T, Tian K, Shen K, Yang J, Ma X. Metabolic reprogramming in cancer: Mechanisms and therapeutics. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e218. [PMID: 36994237 PMCID: PMC10041388 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells characterized by uncontrolled growth and proliferation require altered metabolic processes to maintain this characteristic. Metabolic reprogramming is a process mediated by various factors, including oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, changes in growth factors, and tumor–host cell interactions, which help to meet the needs of cancer cell anabolism and promote tumor development. Metabolic reprogramming in tumor cells is dynamically variable, depending on the tumor type and microenvironment, and reprogramming involves multiple metabolic pathways. These metabolic pathways have complex mechanisms and involve the coordination of various signaling molecules, proteins, and enzymes, which increases the resistance of tumor cells to traditional antitumor therapies. With the development of cancer therapies, metabolic reprogramming has been recognized as a new therapeutic target for metabolic changes in tumor cells. Therefore, understanding how multiple metabolic pathways in cancer cells change can provide a reference for the development of new therapies for tumor treatment. Here, we systemically reviewed the metabolic changes and their alteration factors, together with the current tumor regulation treatments and other possible treatments that are still under investigation. Continuous efforts are needed to further explore the mechanism of cancer metabolism reprogramming and corresponding metabolic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Nong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologyWest China School of StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Xiaoyue Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologyWest China School of StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of BiotherapyCancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yuran Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologyWest China School of StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yuhao Wei
- Department of Clinical MedicineWest China School of MedicineWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Tingyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologyWest China School of StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Keyue Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologyWest China School of StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Kai Shen
- Department of OncologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Xuelei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologyWest China School of StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
- Department of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyCancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
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Missiaen R, Lesner NP, Simon MC. HIF: a master regulator of nutrient availability and metabolic cross-talk in the tumor microenvironment. EMBO J 2023; 42:e112067. [PMID: 36808622 PMCID: PMC10015374 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A role for hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) in hypoxia-dependent regulation of tumor cell metabolism has been thoroughly investigated and covered in reviews. However, there is limited information available regarding HIF-dependent regulation of nutrient fates in tumor and stromal cells. Tumor and stromal cells may generate nutrients necessary for function (metabolic symbiosis) or deplete nutrients resulting in possible competition between tumor cells and immune cells, a result of altered nutrient fates. HIF and nutrients in the tumor microenvironment (TME) affect stromal and immune cell metabolism in addition to intrinsic tumor cell metabolism. HIF-dependent metabolic regulation will inevitably result in the accumulation or depletion of essential metabolites in the TME. In response, various cell types in the TME will respond to these hypoxia-dependent alterations by activating HIF-dependent transcription to alter nutrient import, export, and utilization. In recent years, the concept of metabolic competition has been proposed for critical substrates, including glucose, lactate, glutamine, arginine, and tryptophan. In this review, we discuss how HIF-mediated mechanisms control nutrient sensing and availability in the TME, the competition for nutrients, and the metabolic cross-talk between tumor and stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rindert Missiaen
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicholas P Lesner
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Celeste Simon
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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71
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Ma G, Wang K, Pang X, Xu S, Gao Y, Liang Y, Yang J, Zhang X, Sun X, Dong J. Self-assembled nanomaterials for ferroptosis-based cancer theranostics. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:1962-1980. [PMID: 36727583 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm02000a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Most ferroptosis nanomedicines based on organic or inorganic carriers have difficulties in further clinical translation due to their serious side effects and complicated preparation. Self-assembled nanomedicines can reduce the biological toxicity caused by additional chemical modifications and excipients, offering better biocompatibility and safety. Ferroptosis therapy is an iron-associated programmed cell death dependent on lipid peroxidation with efficient tumor selectivity and biosafety. Therefore, the application of self-assembled nanomedicines with good biosafety in the ferroptosis treatment of tumors has attracted extensive attention. In this review, recent advances in the field of ferroptosis-based self-assembled nanomaterials for cancer therapy are presented, with emphasis on how these nanomaterial components interact and their distinct mechanisms for inducing ferroptosis in tumor cells, including iron metabolism, amino acid metabolism and CoQ/FSP1, as well as their respective advantages and challenges. This review would therefore help the spectrum of advanced and novice researchers interested in this area to quickly zoom in on the essential information and glean some thought-provoking ideas to advance this subfield in cancer nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqi Ma
- Institute of Optical Functional Materials for Biomedical Imaging, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Taian 271016, China.
| | - Kaiqi Wang
- Institute of Optical Functional Materials for Biomedical Imaging, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Taian 271016, China.
| | - Xinlong Pang
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Shanbin Xu
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Yubo Liang
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Institute of Optical Functional Materials for Biomedical Imaging, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Taian 271016, China. .,Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Jian Dong
- Institute of Optical Functional Materials for Biomedical Imaging, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Taian 271016, China.
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Double-Fermented Soybean Meal Totally Replaces Soybean Meal in Broiler Rations with Favorable Impact on Performance, Digestibility, Amino Acids Transporters and Meat Nutritional Value. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061030. [PMID: 36978571 PMCID: PMC10044553 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Inclusion of microbial fermented soybean meal in broiler feed has induced advantageous outcomes for their performance and gastrointestinal health via exhibiting probiotic effects. In this study, soybean meal (SBM) was subjected to double-stage microbial fermentation utilizing functional metabolites of fungi and bacteria. In broiler diet, DFSBM replaced SBM by 0, 25, 50 and 100%. DFSBM was reported to have higher protein content and total essential, nonessential and free amino acids (increased by 3.67%, 12.81%, 10.10% and 5.88-fold, respectively, compared to SBM). Notably, phytase activity and lactic acid bacteria increased, while fiber, lipid and trypsin inhibitor contents were decreased by 14.05%, 38.24% and 72.80%, respectively, in a diet containing 100% DFSBM, compared to SBM. Improved growth performance and apparent nutrient digestibility, including phosphorus and calcium, and pancreatic digestive enzyme activities were observed in groups fed higher DFSBM levels. In addition, higher inclusion levels of DFSBM increased blood immune response (IgG, IgM, nitric oxide and lysozyme levels) and liver antioxidant status. Jejunal amino acids- and peptide transporter-encoding genes (LAT1, CAT-1, CAT-2, PepT-1 and PepT-2) were upregulated with increasing levels of DFSBM in the ration. Breast muscle crude protein, calcium and phosphorus retention were increased, especially at higher inclusion levels of DFSBM. Coliform bacteria load was significantly reduced, while lactic acid bacteria count in broiler intestines was increased with higher dietary levels of DFSBM. In conclusion, replacement of SBM with DFSBM positively impacted broiler chicken feed utilization and boosted chickens’ amino acid transportation, in addition to improving the nutritional value of their breast meat.
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73
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Insights into the Transport Cycle of LAT1 and Interaction with the Inhibitor JPH203. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044042. [PMID: 36835453 PMCID: PMC9965313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The large Amino Acid Transporter 1 (LAT1) is an interesting target in drug discovery since this transporter is overexpressed in several human cancers. Furthermore, due to its location in the blood-brain barrier (BBB), LAT1 is interesting for delivering pro-drugs to the brain. In this work, we focused on defining the transport cycle of LAT1 using an in silico approach. So far, studies of the interaction of LAT1 with substrates and inhibitors have not considered that the transporter must undergo at least four different conformations to complete the transport cycle. We built outward-open and inward-occluded conformations of LAT1 using an optimized homology modelling procedure. We used these 3D models and the cryo-EM structures in outward-occluded and inward-open conformations to define the substrate/protein interaction during the transport cycle. We found that the binding scores for the substrate depend on the conformation, with the occluded states as the crucial steps affecting the substrate affinity. Finally, we analyzed the interaction of JPH203, a high-affinity inhibitor of LAT1. The results indicate that conformational states must be considered for in silico analyses and early-stage drug discovery. The two built models, together with the available cryo-EM 3D structures, provide important information on the LAT1 transport cycle, which could be used to speed up the identification of potential inhibitors through in silico screening.
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74
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Yao L, Fu K, Wang X, He M, Zhang W, Liu PY, He YP, Liu G. Metallophilic Interaction-Mediated Hierarchical Assembly and Temporal-Controlled Dynamic Chirality Inversion of Metal-Organic Supramolecular Polymers. ACS NANO 2023; 17:2159-2169. [PMID: 36648130 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The study of dynamic supramolecular chirality inversion (SMCI) not only helps to deepen the understanding of chiral transfer and amplification in both living organizations and artificially chemical self-assembly systems but also is useful for the development of smart chiral nanomaterials. However, it is still challenging to achieve the dynamic SMCI of the self-aggregation of metal-organic supramolecular polymers with great potential in asymmetric synthesis, chiroptical switches, and circular polarized luminescence. Here, we successfully developed a hierarchical coassembly system based on the mPAzPCC and various metal ions with effective chirality transfer and temporal-controlled SMCI. Due to the dynamic self-assembly and hierarchical chirality transfer of the Ag+/mPAzPCC complex driven by metallophilic interaction and coordination, morphological transition with nanoribbons, helical nanoribbons, and chiral nanotubules was successively obtained. Interestingly, the SMCI of chiral nanoaggregates was precisely regulated by solvents and metal ions in the Cu2+/mPAzPCC and Mn2+/mPAzPCC system. Besides, temporal-controlled dynamic SMCI switching from helix to bundled helix was clearly revealed in the aggregation of Cu2+/mPAzPCC, Mn2+/mPAzPCC, and Bi3+/mPAzPCC systems. This work provides a metallophilic interaction-mediated helical assembly pathway to dynamically modulate the chirality of metal-organic complex-based assemblies and deepen the understanding of the hierarchically dynamic self-assembly process, which would be of great potential in metal ion-mediated supramolecular asymmetric catalysis and bioinspired chiral sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Yao
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Advanced Research Institute, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuo Fu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Advanced Research Institute, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejuan Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Advanced Research Institute, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Menglu He
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Advanced Research Institute, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Wannian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, No. 26 Yucai Road, Ningbo 315016, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, No. 26 Yucai Road, Ningbo 315016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Peng He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, No. 26 Yucai Road, Ningbo 315016, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofeng Liu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Advanced Research Institute, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
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75
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Afshinpour M, Mahdiuni H. Arginine transportation mechanism through cationic amino acid transporter 1: insights from molecular dynamics studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:13580-13594. [PMID: 36762692 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2175374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic and signaling mechanisms in mammalian cells are facilitated by the transportation of L-arginine (Arg) across the plasma membrane through cationic amino acid transporter (CAT) proteins. Due to a lack of argininosuccinate synthase (ASS) activity in various tumor cells such as acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia, these tumor entities are arginine-auxotrophic and therefore depend on the uptake of the amino acid arginine. Cationic amino acid transporter-1 (CAT-1) is the leading arginine importer expressed in the aforementioned tumor entities. Hence, in the present study, to investigate the transportation mechanism of arginine in CAT-1, we performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulation methods on the modeled human CAT-1. The MM-PBSA approach was conducted to determine the critical residues interacting with arginine within the corresponding binding site of CAT-1. In addition, we found out that the water molecules have the leading role in forming the transportation channel within CAT-1. The conductive structure of CAT-1 was formed only when the water molecules were continuously distributed across the channel. Steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulation approach showed various energy barriers against arginine transportation through CAT-1, especially while crossing the bottlenecks of the related channel. These findings at the molecular level might shed light on identifying the crucial amino acids in the binding of arginine to eukaryotic CATs and also provide fundamental insights into the arginine transportation mechanisms through CAT-1. Understanding the transportation mechanism of arginine is essential to developing CAT-1 blockers, which can be potential medications for some types of cancers.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maral Afshinpour
- Bioinformatics Lab., Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hamid Mahdiuni
- Bioinformatics Lab., Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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76
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Gauthier-Coles G, Fairweather SJ, Bröer A, Bröer S. Do Amino Acid Antiporters Have Asymmetric Substrate Specificity? Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020301. [PMID: 36830670 PMCID: PMC9953452 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acid antiporters mediate the 1:1 exchange of groups of amino acids. Whether substrate specificity can be different for the inward and outward facing conformation has not been investigated systematically, although examples of asymmetric transport have been reported. Here we used LC-MS to detect the movement of 12C- and 13C-labelled amino acid mixtures across the plasma membrane of Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing a variety of amino acid antiporters. Differences of substrate specificity between transporter paralogs were readily observed using this method. Our results suggest that antiporters are largely symmetric, equalizing the pools of their substrate amino acids. Exceptions are the antiporters y+LAT1 and y+LAT2 where neutral amino acids are co-transported with Na+ ions, favouring their import. For the antiporters ASCT1 and ASCT2 glycine acted as a selective influx substrate, while proline was a selective influx substrate of ASCT1. These data show that antiporters can display non-canonical modes of transport.
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77
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Metabolic reprogramming of glutamine involved in tumorigenesis, multidrug resistance and tumor immunity. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 940:175323. [PMID: 36535492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Glutamine, as the most abundant amino acid in the body, participates in the biological synthesis of nucleotides and other non-essential amino acids in the process of cell metabolism. Recent studies showed that glutamine metabolic reprogramming is an important signal during cancer development and progression. This metabolic signature in cancer cells can promote the development of cancer by activating multiple signaling pathways and oncogenes. It can also be involved in tumor immune regulation and promote the development of drug resistance to tumors. In this review, we mainly summarize the role of glutamine metabolic reprogramming in tumors, including the regulation of multiple signaling pathways. We further discussed the promising tumor treatment strategy by targeting glutamine metabolism alone or in combination with chemotherapeutics.
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78
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Lu B, Qian J, Hu J, Huang Y, Wang P, Shen J, He Y, Tang S, Liu Y, Zhang Y. Plant rhizosphere defense system respond differently to emerging polyfluoroalkyl substances F-53B and PFOS stress. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130119. [PMID: 36265386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonate (F-53B) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) are used and emitted as fog inhibitors in the chromium plating industry, and they are widely detected worldwide. To study the effects of F-53B and PFOS on the rhizosphere defense system, they were added at two levels (0.1 and 50 mg L-1) to the soil where different plants (Lythrum salicaria and Phragmites communis) were grown. In bulk soils, high concentrations of F-53B/PFOS resulted in significant increases in soil pH, NH4+-N, and NO3--N (the effect of PFOS on NO3--N was not significant). Moreover, the extent of the effects of PFOS and F-53B on the physicochemical properties of bulk soils were different (e.g., PFOS caused an increase of NH4+-N by 8.94%-45.97% compared to 1.63%-25.20% for F-53B). Root exudates and PFASs together influenced the physicochemical properties of rhizosphere soils (e.g., TOC increased significantly in contaminated rhizosphere soils but did not change in non-bulk soils). Under the influence of F-53B/PFOS, the root exudates regulated by plants were changed and weakened the effect of F-53B/PFOS on microbial community of rhizosphere soil. The rhizosphere defense systems of different plants have both similarities and differences in response to different substances and concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianhe Lu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Qian
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Hu
- Geosystems Research Institute, Mississippi State University, MS 39759, USA
| | | | - Peifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junwei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan He
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Sijing Tang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, People's Republic of China
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79
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Guo H, Xu W, Nomoto T, Kanamori K, Voon YM, Honda Y, Yamada N, Takemoto H, Matsui M, Nishiyama N. Polymeric ligands comprising sulfur-containing amino acids for targeting tumor-associated amino acid transporters. Biomaterials 2023; 293:121987. [PMID: 36584445 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Various cancer cells overexpress L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) to take up a large number of neutral amino acids such as phenylalanine and methionine, and LAT1 transporter should be a promising target for cancer diagnosis and therapy. However, only a few studies reported drug delivery systems targeting LAT1 probably due to limited knowledge about the interaction between LAT1 and its substrate. Here, we developed polymers having methionine (Met)- or cysteine (Cys)-like structures on their side chains to examine their affinity with LAT1. While both the Met- and Cys-modified polymers exhibited efficient cellular uptake selectively in cancer cells, the Met-modified polymers exhibited higher cellular uptake efficiency in an LAT1-selective manner than the Cys-modified polymers. In the in vivo study, the intraperitoneally injected Met-modified polymers showed appreciable tumor-selective accumulation in the peritoneal dissemination model, and importantly, Met-modified polymers conjugated with photosensitizers exhibited significant therapeutic effects upon photoirradiation with reduced photochemical damage to normal organs. Our results may provide important knowledge about the polymer-LAT1 interaction, and the Met-modified polymers should offer a new concept for designing LAT1-targeting drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haochen Guo
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan; Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Wen Xu
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nomoto
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan; Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan.
| | - Kaito Kanamori
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan; Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yan Ming Voon
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan; Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yuto Honda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan; Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamada
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Takemoto
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan; Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsui
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nishiyama
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan; Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan; Innovation Center of Nanomedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-0821, Japan.
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80
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Guo K, Zhang R, Luo L, Wang S, Xu W, Zhao Z. Effects of Thermal Stress on the Antioxidant Capacity, Blood Biochemistry, Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolomic Responses of Luciobarbus capito. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010198. [PMID: 36671059 PMCID: PMC9854975 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The rise in water temperature caused by global warming is seriously threatening the development of aquatic animals. However, the physiological response mechanism behind the adverse effects of thermal conditions on L. capito remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the physiological responses of L. capito exposed to thermal stress via biochemical analyses and intestinal microbiota and liver LC-MS metabolomics. The results show that the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities significantly decrease, while the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), acid phosphatase (ACP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and albumin (ALB) activities, and glucose (Glu) level significantly increase. Obvious variations in the intestinal microbiota were observed after stress exposure, with increased levels of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota and decreased levels of Firmicutes, Fusobacteriota, and Actinobacteriota, while levels of several genera of pathogenic bacteria increased. Liver metabolomic analysis showed that stress exposure disturbed metabolic processes, especially of amino acids and lipids. The results of this study indicated that thermal stress caused oxidative stress, disturbed blood biological functioning and intestinal microbiota balance, and damaged amino acids and lipids metabolism of liver in L. capito.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Guo
- Key Open Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Saline-Alkaline Water Fisheries (Harbin), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Open Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Saline-Alkaline Water Fisheries (Harbin), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
| | - Liang Luo
- Key Open Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Saline-Alkaline Water Fisheries (Harbin), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
| | - Shihui Wang
- Key Open Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Saline-Alkaline Water Fisheries (Harbin), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Key Open Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Saline-Alkaline Water Fisheries (Harbin), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Key Open Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Saline-Alkaline Water Fisheries (Harbin), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
- Correspondence:
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81
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Xu Y, Xia Z, Sun X, Wei B, Fu Y, Shi D, Zhu Y. Identification of a glutamine metabolism reprogramming signature for predicting prognosis, immunotherapy efficacy, and drug candidates in bladder cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1111319. [PMID: 36911676 PMCID: PMC9995899 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1111319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the urinary system. However, patient prognosis and treatment outcomes in bladder cancer are difficult to predict owing to high tumor heterogeneity. Given that abnormal glutamine metabolism has been identified as a key factor driving the progression of bladder cancer, it is necessary to assess the prognosis and therapeutic efficacy of bladder cancer treatments based on an analysis of glutamine metabolism-related genes. Methods We used bladder cancer sample data downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas to identify glutamine metabolism-related genes as prognostic markers, and established a novel Glutamine Metabolism Immunity Index (GMII) based on univariate and multivariate COX regression analyses. On the basis of GMII values, bladder cancer patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups, and systematic analysis was conducted for clinical features, somatic mutations, immune cell infiltration, chemotherapeutic response, and immunotherapeutic efficacy. Candidate small-molecule drugs targeting the GMII core target proteins were identified based on molecular docking analysis. Results The GMII consisting of eight independent prognostic genes was established to be an excellent tool for predicting the survival in patients with bladder cancer and was validated using multiple datasets. Compared with patients in the high-risk group, those in the low-risk group had significantly better responses to gemcitabine and immune checkpoint blockade. In addition, we predicted 12 potential small-molecule drugs that could bind to three of the GMII core target proteins. Conclusions The GMII can be used to accurately predict the prognosis and immunotherapeutic response of bladder cancer patients, as well as candidate small-molecule drugs. Furthermore, the novel "Glutamine Metabolism-related Gene"-guided strategy for predicting survival and chemo-immunotherapeutic efficacy may also be applicable for cancers other than bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhixiu Xia
- Colorectal Tumor Surgery Ward, Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Baojun Wei
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Fu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Du Shi
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuyan Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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82
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Kantipudi S, Harder D, Fotiadis D. Characterization of substrates and inhibitors of the human heterodimeric transporter 4F2hc-LAT1 using purified protein and the scintillation proximity radioligand binding assay. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1148055. [PMID: 36895635 PMCID: PMC9989278 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1148055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acids have diverse and essential roles in many cellular functions such as in protein synthesis, metabolism and as precursors of different hormones. Translocation of amino acids and derivatives thereof across biological membranes is mediated by amino acid transporters. 4F2hc-LAT1 is a heterodimeric amino acid transporter that is composed of two subunits belonging to the SLC3 (4F2hc) and SLC7 (LAT1) solute carrier families. The ancillary protein 4F2hc is responsible for the correct trafficking and regulation of the transporter LAT1. Preclinical studies have identified 4F2hc-LAT1 as a valid anticancer target due to its importance in tumor progression. The scintillation proximity assay (SPA) is a valuable radioligand binding assay that allows the identification and characterization of ligands of membrane proteins. Here, we present a SPA ligand binding study using purified recombinant human 4F2hc-LAT1 protein and the radioligand [3H]L-leucine as tracer. Binding affinities of different 4F2hc-LAT1 substrates and inhibitors determined by SPA are comparable with previously reported K m and IC 50 values from 4F2hc-LAT1 cell-based uptake assays. In summary, the SPA is a valuable method for the identification and characterization of ligands of membrane transporters including inhibitors. In contrast to cell-based assays, where the potential interference with other proteins such as endogenous transporters persists, the SPA uses purified protein making target engagement and characterization of ligands highly reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kantipudi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Harder
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios Fotiadis
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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83
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Yan Y, Chen C, Li Z, Zhang J, Park N, Qu CK. Extracellular arginine is required but the arginine transporter CAT3 (Slc7a3) is dispensable for mouse normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21832. [PMID: 36528691 PMCID: PMC9759514 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24554-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acid-mediated metabolism is one of the key catabolic and anabolic processes involved in diverse cellular functions. However, the role of the semi-essential amino acid arginine in normal and malignant hematopoietic cell development is poorly understood. Here we report that a continuous supply of exogenous arginine is required for the maintenance/function of normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Surprisingly, knockout of Slc7a3 (CAT3), a major L-arginine transporter, does not affect HSCs in steady-state or under stress. Although Slc7a3 is highly expressed in naïve and activated CD8 T cells, neither T cell development nor activation/proliferation is impacted by Slc7a3 depletion. Furthermore, the Slc7a3 deletion does not attenuate leukemia development driven by Pten loss or the oncogenic Ptpn11E76K mutation. Arginine uptake assays reveal that L-arginine uptake is not disrupted in Slc7a3 knockout cells. These data suggest that extracellular arginine is critically important for HSCs, but CAT3 is dispensable for normal hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Yan
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, 1760 Haygood Drive NE, HSRB E302, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Chao Chen
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, 1760 Haygood Drive NE, HSRB E302, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Zhiguo Li
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, 1760 Haygood Drive NE, HSRB E302, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, 1760 Haygood Drive NE, HSRB E302, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Narin Park
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, 1760 Haygood Drive NE, HSRB E302, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Cheng-Kui Qu
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Winship Cancer Institute, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, 1760 Haygood Drive NE, HSRB E302, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
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Gut Microbiota, Intestinal Morphometric Characteristics, and Gene Expression in Relation to the Growth Performance of Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12243474. [PMID: 36552394 PMCID: PMC9774407 DOI: 10.3390/ani12243474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
this study aimed to investigate the growth mechanism in a local breed of chickens by comparing the highest weight (HW) and the lowest weight in their microbiota, histological characteristics, and gene expression. Golden Montazah chickens, an Egyptian breed, were reared until they were 49 days old. All of the birds were fed ad libitum by a starter diet from day 1 until day 21, followed by a grower diet from day 21 to the end of the study. At 49 days old, the forty-eight birds with the heaviest body weight (HW) and the lightest body weight (LW) were chosen. Blood biochemical and histological morphometric parameters, electron microscopy, and intestinal nutrient transporter gene expression were studied in the sampled jejunum. The microbial composition and functions of the content and mucosa in HW and LW chickens were studied using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The histological morphometric parameters were all more significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the HW chickens than in the LW chickens. Total protein, albumin, and triglycerides in serum were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the HW chickens than in the LW chickens. The microbiome profile in the gut showed that Microbacterium and Sphingomonas were positively correlated with the body weights. In the local breed, there were significant differences in the intestinal microstructure which could enhance the growth mechanism and body weight. Our findings showed that some microbial components were significantly associated with body weight and their interactions with the host could be inferred to explain why these interactions might alter the host’s metabolic responses. Further investigation into combining bioinformatics with lab experiments in chickens will help us to understand how gut bacteria can change the host’s metabolism by special metabolic features in the gastrointestinal system.
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85
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England A, Gharib-Naseri K, Kheravii SK, Wu SB. Influence of sex and rearing method on performance and flock uniformity in broilers-implications for research settings. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 12:276-283. [PMID: 36712408 PMCID: PMC9869427 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Male and female broiler chickens differ in their growth performance, carcass part weights and nutrient requirements. The potential reasons for these differences have been explored by looking at differences in nutrient digestibility, nutrient transporter gene expression as well as gut microbiota populations between male and female birds. Studies have shown that male broilers have higher crude protein requirements compared to female broilers. The expression of monosaccharide and amino acid transporters show conflicting results as expression depends on the interactions between sex and bird age and breed as well as which tissue is sampled. Differences in microbiota populations between the genders were reported which may contribute towards performance differences, however research in this area is limited. The differences observed between the sexes contribute to increased variation in nutrition trials, and the potential to rear birds as equally mixed-sex becomes an option to reduce the variation introduced by the sex effect. Difference in rearing options obviously would only be feasible provided a quick, practical and cost-effective method of sexing birds is available, a topic that is also discussed in this review.
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86
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Hutchinson K, Silva DB, Bohlke J, Clausen C, Thomas AA, Bonomi M, Schlessinger A. Describing inhibitor specificity for the amino acid transporter LAT1 from metainference simulations. Biophys J 2022; 121:4476-4491. [PMID: 36369754 PMCID: PMC9748366 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1; SLC7A5) is a membrane transporter of amino acids, thyroid hormones, and drugs such as the Parkinson's disease drug levodopa (L-Dopa). LAT1 is found in the blood-brain barrier, testis, bone marrow, and placenta, and its dysregulation has been associated with various neurological diseases, such as autism and epilepsy, as well as cancer. In this study, we combine metainference molecular dynamics simulations, molecular docking, and experimental testing, to characterize LAT1-inhibitor interactions. We first conducted a series of molecular docking experiments to identify the most relevant interactions between LAT1's substrate-binding site and ligands, including both inhibitors and substrates. We then performed metainference molecular dynamics simulations using cryoelectron microscopy structures in different conformations of LAT1 with the electron density map as a spatial restraint, to explore the inherent heterogeneity in the structures. We analyzed the LAT1 substrate-binding site to map important LAT1-ligand interactions as well as newly described druggable pockets. Finally, this analysis guided the discovery of previously unknown LAT1 ligands using virtual screening and cellular uptake experiments. Our results improve our understanding of LAT1-inhibitor recognition, providing a framework for rational design of future lead compounds targeting this key drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keino Hutchinson
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Dina Buitrago Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Joshua Bohlke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, Nebraska
| | - Chase Clausen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, Nebraska
| | - Allen A Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, Nebraska
| | - Massimiliano Bonomi
- Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3528, Paris, France.
| | - Avner Schlessinger
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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Bouthelier A, Fernández-Arroyo L, Mesa-Ciller C, Cibrian D, Martín-Cófreces NB, Castillo-González R, Calero M, Herráez-Aguilar D, Guajardo-Grence A, Pacheco AM, Marcos-Jiménez A, Quiroga B, Morado M, Monroy F, Muñoz-Calleja C, Sánchez-Madrid F, Urrutia AA, Aragonés J. Erythroid SLC7A5/SLC3A2 amino acid carrier controls red blood cell size and maturation. iScience 2022; 26:105739. [PMID: 36582828 PMCID: PMC9792907 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the heterodimeric amino acid carrier SLC7A5/SLC3A2 (LAT1/CD98) has been widely studied in tumor biology but its role in physiological conditions remains largely unknown. Here we show that the SLC7A5/SLC3A2 heterodimer is constitutively present at different stages of erythroid differentiation but absent in mature erythrocytes. Administration of erythropoietin (EPO) further induces SLC7A5/SLC3A2 expression in circulating reticulocytes, as it also occurs in anemic conditions. Although Slc7a5 gene inactivation in the erythrocyte lineage does not compromise the total number of circulating red blood cells (RBCs), their size and hemoglobin content are significantly reduced accompanied by a diminished erythroblast mTORC1 activity. Furthermore circulating Slc7a5-deficient reticulocytes are characterized by lower transferrin receptor (CD71) expression as well as mitochondrial activity, suggesting a premature transition to mature RBCs. These data reveal that SLC7A5/SLC3A2 ensures adequate maturation of reticulocytes as well as the proper size and hemoglobin content of circulating RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Bouthelier
- Research Unit, Hospital of Santa Cristina, Research Institute Princesa (IP), Autonomous University of Madrid, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Fernández-Arroyo
- Research Unit, Hospital of Santa Cristina, Research Institute Princesa (IP), Autonomous University of Madrid, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Mesa-Ciller
- Research Unit, Hospital of Santa Cristina, Research Institute Princesa (IP), Autonomous University of Madrid, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Danay Cibrian
- Immunology Department, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain,Department of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noa Beatriz Martín-Cófreces
- Immunology Department, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain,Department of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Castillo-González
- Immunology Department, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain,Department of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain,Pathology Anatomy Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Macarena Calero
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain,Translational Biophysics. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Doce de Octubre (Imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Herráez-Aguilar
- Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Ctra. Pozuelo-Majadahonda Km 1,800, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Guajardo-Grence
- Research Unit, Hospital of Santa Cristina, Research Institute Princesa (IP), Autonomous University of Madrid, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana María Pacheco
- Research Unit, Hospital of Santa Cristina, Research Institute Princesa (IP), Autonomous University of Madrid, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Marcos-Jiménez
- Immunology Department, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Quiroga
- Nephrology Department, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Morado
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Monroy
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain,Translational Biophysics. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Doce de Octubre (Imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilia Muñoz-Calleja
- Immunology Department, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Immunology Department, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain,Nephrology Department, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés A. Urrutia
- Research Unit, Hospital of Santa Cristina, Research Institute Princesa (IP), Autonomous University of Madrid, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Aragonés
- Research Unit, Hospital of Santa Cristina, Research Institute Princesa (IP), Autonomous University of Madrid, 28009 Madrid, Spain,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain,Corresponding author
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88
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Zhang B, Ning B, Chen X, Li C, Liu M, Yue Z, Liu L, Li F. Effects of the SLC38A2-mTOR Pathway Involved in Regulating the Different Compositions of Dietary Essential Amino Acids-Lysine and Methionine on Growth and Muscle Quality in Rabbits. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233406. [PMID: 36496929 PMCID: PMC9740809 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, ensuring food security has been an important challenge for the world. It is important to make good use of China’s domestic local feed resources to provide safe, stable, efficient, and high-quality rabbit meat products for China and the world. Lysine and methionine are the two most limiting essential amino acids in the rabbit diet. However, little is known about the rational composition of lysine and methionine in rabbit diets and the mechanisms that affect growth and development. Accordingly, in this study, we sought to address this knowledge gap by examining the effects of different compositions of lysine and methionine in rabbit diets. Subsequently, the growth status, nitrogen metabolism, blood biochemical indexes, muscle development, muscle quality, and the growth of satellite cells were evaluated in the animals. The results showed that diets containing 0.80% Lys and 0.40% Met improved average daily weight gain, feed conversion, nitrogen use efficiency, and muscle quality in the rabbits (p < 0.05). Additionally, it altered the amino acid transport potential in muscle by upregulating the expression of the SLC7A10 gene (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the cell viability and the rate of division and migration of SCs in the 0.80% Lys/0.40 % Met composition group were increased (p < 0.05). SLC38A2 and P−mTOR protein expression was upregulated in the 0.80% lysine/0.40% methionine composition group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, 0.80% Lys/0.40% Met was the most suitable lysine and methionine composition in all tested diets. SLC38A2 acted as an amino acid sensor upstream of mTOR and was involved in the 0.80% Lys/0.40% Met regulation of muscle growth and development, thus implicating the mTOR signaling pathway in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Boyuan Ning
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Chenyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mengqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Zhengkai Yue
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Fuchang Li
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (F.L.)
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89
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Azfar M, van Veen S, Houdou M, Hamouda NN, Eggermont J, Vangheluwe P. P5B-ATPases in the mammalian polyamine transport system and their role in disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119354. [PMID: 36064065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) are physiologically relevant molecules that are ubiquitous in all organisms. The vitality of PAs to the healthy functioning of a cell is due to their polycationic nature causing them to interact with a vast plethora of cellular players and partake in numerous cellular pathways. Naturally, the homeostasis of such essential molecules is tightly regulated in a strictly controlled interplay between intracellular synthesis and degradation, uptake from and secretion to the extracellular compartment, as well as intracellular trafficking. Not surprisingly, dysregulated PA homeostasis and signaling are implicated in multiple disorders, ranging from cancer to neurodegeneration; leading many to propose rectifying the PA balance as a potential therapeutic strategy. Despite being well characterized in bacteria, fungi and plants, the molecular identity and properties of the PA transporters in animals are poorly understood. This review brings together the current knowledge of the cellular function of the mammalian PA transport system (PTS). We will focus on the role of P5B-ATPases ATP13A2-5 which are PA transporters in the endosomal system that have emerged as key players in cellular PA uptake and organelle homeostasis. We will discuss recent breakthroughs on their biochemical and structural properties as well as their implications for disease and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujahid Azfar
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah van Veen
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marine Houdou
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Norin Nabil Hamouda
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Eggermont
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Vangheluwe
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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90
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Thyroid Hormone Transporters in Pregnancy and Fetal Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315113. [PMID: 36499435 PMCID: PMC9737226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone is essential for fetal (brain) development. Plasma membrane transporters control the intracellular bioavailability of thyroid hormone. In the past few decades, 15 human thyroid hormone transporters have been identified, and among them, mutations in monocarboxylate transporter (MCT)8 and organic anion transporting peptide (OATP)1C1 are associated with clinical phenotypes. Different animal and human models have been employed to unravel the (patho)-physiological role of thyroid hormone transporters. However, most studies on thyroid hormone transporters focus on postnatal development. This review summarizes the research on the thyroid hormone transporters in pregnancy and fetal development, including their substrate preference, expression and tissue distribution, and physiological and pathophysiological role in thyroid homeostasis and clinical disorders. As the fetus depends on the maternal thyroid hormone supply, especially during the first half of pregnancy, the review also elaborates on thyroid hormone transport across the human placental barrier. Future studies may reveal how the different transporters contribute to thyroid hormone homeostasis in fetal tissues to properly facilitate development. Employing state-of-the-art human models will enable a better understanding of their roles in thyroid hormone homeostasis.
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91
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Hang TD, Hung HM, Beckers P, Desmet N, Lamrani M, Massie A, Hermans E, Vanommeslaeghe K. Structural investigation of human cystine/glutamate antiporter system xc− (Sxc−) using homology modeling and molecular dynamics. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1064199. [DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1064199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The cystine/glutamate antiporter system xc− (Sxc−) belongs to the SLC7 family of plasma membrane transporters. It exports intracellular glutamate along the latter’s concentration gradient as a driving force for cellular uptake of cystine. Once imported, cystine is mainly used for the production of glutathione, a tripeptide thiol crucial in maintenance of redox homeostasis and protection of cells against oxidative stress. Overexpression of Sxc− has been found in several cancer cells, where it is thought to counteract the increased oxidative stress. In addition, Sxc− is important in the central nervous system, playing a complex role in regulating glutamatergic neurotransmission and glutamate toxicity. Accordingly, this transporter is considered a potential target for the treatment of cancer as well as neurodegenerative diseases. Till now, no specific inhibitors are available. We herein present four conformations of Sxc− along its transport pathway, obtained using multi-template homology modeling and refined by means of Molecular Dynamics. Comparison with a very recently released cryo-EM structure revealed an excellent agreement with our inward-open conformation. Intriguingly, our models contain a structured N-terminal domain that is unresolved in the experimental structures and is thought to play a gating role in the transport mechanism of other SLC7 family members. In contrast to the inward-open model, there is no direct experimental counterpart for the other three conformations we obtained, although they are in fair agreement with the other stages of the transport mechanism seen in other SLC7 transporters. Therefore, our models open the prospect for targeting alternative Sxc− conformations in structure-based drug design efforts.
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92
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Targeting L-type amino acid transporter 1 in urological malignancy: Current status and future perspective. J Pharmacol Sci 2022; 150:251-258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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93
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Rebsamen M, Girardi E, Sedlyarov V, Scorzoni S, Papakostas K, Vollert M, Konecka J, Guertl B, Klavins K, Wiedmer T, Superti-Furga G. Gain-of-function genetic screens in human cells identify SLC transporters overcoming environmental nutrient restrictions. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/11/e202201404. [PMID: 36114003 PMCID: PMC9481932 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors present a CRISPRa-based gain-of-function approach to systematically uncover solute carriers sustaining cellular fitness upon limiting amino acid concentrations. Solute carrier (SLC) transporters control fluxes of nutrients and metabolites across membranes and thereby represent a critical interface between the microenvironment and cellular and subcellular metabolism. Because of substantial functional overlap, the interplay and relative contributions of SLCs in response to environmental stresses remain poorly elucidated. To infer functional relationships between SLCs and metabolites, we developed a strategy to identify SLCs able to sustain cell viability and proliferation under growth-limiting concentrations of essential nutrients. One-by-one depletion of 13 amino acids required for cell proliferation enabled gain-of-function genetic screens using a SLC-focused CRISPR/Cas9–based transcriptional activation approach to uncover transporters relieving cells from growth-limiting metabolic bottlenecks. Among the transporters identified, we characterized the cationic amino acid transporter SLC7A3 as a gene that, when up-regulated, overcame low availability of arginine and lysine by increasing their uptake, whereas SLC7A5 was able to sustain cellular fitness upon deprivation of several neutral amino acids. Moreover, we identified metabolic compensation mediated by the glutamate/aspartate transporters SLC1A2 and SLC1A3 under glutamine-limiting conditions. Overall, this gain-of-function approach using human cells uncovered functional transporter-nutrient relationships and revealed that transport activity up-regulation may be sufficient to overcome environmental metabolic restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuele Rebsamen
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Enrico Girardi
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vitaly Sedlyarov
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefania Scorzoni
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Konstantinos Papakostas
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuela Vollert
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Justyna Konecka
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bettina Guertl
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristaps Klavins
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tabea Wiedmer
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giulio Superti-Furga
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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94
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Structure of the human heterodimeric transporter 4F2hc-LAT2 in complex with Anticalin, an alternative binding protein for applications in single-particle cryo-EM. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18269. [PMID: 36310334 PMCID: PMC9618567 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23270-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryo-EM structure determination of relatively small and flexible membrane proteins at high resolution is challenging. Increasing the size and structural features by binding of high affinity proteins to the biomolecular target allows for better particle alignment and may result in structural models of higher resolution and quality. Anticalins are alternative binding proteins to antibodies, which are based on the lipocalin scaffold and show potential for theranostic applications. The human heterodimeric amino acid transporter 4F2hc-LAT2 is a membrane protein complex that mediates transport of certain amino acids and derivatives thereof across the plasma membrane. Here, we present and discuss the cryo-EM structure of human 4F2hc-LAT2 in complex with the anticalin D11vs at 3.2 Å resolution. Relative high local map resolution (2.8-3.0 Å) in the LAT2 substrate binding site together with molecular dynamics simulations indicated the presence of fixed water molecules potentially involved in shaping and stabilizing this region. Finally, the presented work expands the application portfolio of anticalins and widens the toolset of binding proteins to promote high-resolution structure solution by single-particle cryo-EM.
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95
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Liu H, Deng Z, Yu B, Liu H, Yang Z, Zeng A, Fu M. Identification of SLC3A2 as a Potential Therapeutic Target of Osteoarthritis Involved in Ferroptosis by Integrating Bioinformatics, Clinical Factors and Experiments. Cells 2022; 11:3430. [PMID: 36359826 PMCID: PMC9657506 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a type of arthritis that causes joint pain and limited mobility. In recent years, some studies have shown that the pathological process of OA chondrocytes is related to ferroptosis. Our study aims to identify and validate differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes (DEFRGs) in OA chondrocytes and to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms. RNA-sequencing and microarray datasets were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data repository. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by four methods: limma-voom, edgeR, DESeq2, and Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), protein-protein interactions (PPI), and cytoHubba of Cytoscape were applied to identify hub genes. Clinical OA cartilage specimens were collected for quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis, western blotting (WB), histological staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and transfection. Sankey diagram was used to visualize the relationships between the expression level of SLC3A2 in the damaged area and clinical factors. Based on bioinformatics analysis, clinical factors, and experiment validation, SLC3A2 was identified as a hub gene. It was down-regulated in OA cartilage compared to normal cartilage (p < 0.05). Functional enrichment analysis revealed that SLC3A2 was associated with ferroptosis-related functions. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the expression level of SLC3A2 in the OA cartilage-damaged area was closely related to BMI, obesity grade, and Kellgren-Lawrence grade. Furthermore, in vitro experiments validated that SLC3A2 inhibited ferroptosis and suppressed cartilage degeneration in OA. In summary, we demonstrated that SLC3A2 inhibited ferroptosis and suppressed cartilage degeneration in OA. These findings provide a new idea for the study of the pathogenesis of OA, thus providing new means for the clinical diagnosis and targeted therapy of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Liu
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zengfa Deng
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Baoxi Yu
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The People’s Hospital of PingYi County, Linyi 273399, China
| | - Zhijian Yang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Anyu Zeng
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ming Fu
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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96
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Torres A, Pedersen B, Guma M. Solute carrier nutrient transporters in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:984408. [PMID: 36341411 PMCID: PMC9632162 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.984408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomic studies show that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with metabolic disruption. Metabolic changes in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) likely contribute to FLS abnormal response and strongly contribute to joint destruction. These changes often involve increased expression of nutrient transporters to meet a high demand for energy or biomolecules. The solute carrier (SLC) transporter families are nutrient transporters and serve as 'metabolic gates' for cells by mediating the transport of several different nutrients such as glucose, amino acids, vitamins, neurotransmitters, and inorganic/metal ions. In RA FLS SLC-mediated transmembrane transport was one pathway associated with different epigenetic landscape between RA and osteoarthritis (OA) FLS. These highlight that transporters from the SLC family offer unique targets for further research and offer the promise of future therapeutic targets for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Torres
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Brian Pedersen
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Veterans’ Affairs (VA) San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Monica Guma
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Veterans’ Affairs (VA) San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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97
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Lu Y, Hao C, Yu S, Ma Z, Fu X, Qin M, Ding M, Xu Z, Fan L. Cationic amino acid transporter-1 (CAT-1) promotes fibroblast-like synoviocyte proliferation and cytokine secretion by taking up L-arginine in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:234. [PMID: 36253807 PMCID: PMC9575222 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02921-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Abnormal proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) in the synovial lining layer is the primary cause of synovial hyperplasia and joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Currently, the relationship between metabolic abnormalities and FLS proliferation is a new focus of investigation. However, little is known regarding the relationship between amino acid metabolism and RA. Methods The concentrations of amino acids and cytokines in the synovial fluid of RA (n = 9) and osteoarthritis (OA, n = 9) were detected by LC–MS/MS and CBA assay, respectively. The mRNA and protein expression of cationic amino acid transporter-1 (CAT-1) were determined in FLSs isolated from RA and OA patients by real-time PCR and western blotting. MTT assay, cell cycle, apoptosis, invasion, and cytokine secretion were determined in FLSs knocked down of CAT-1 using siRNA or treated with D-arginine under normoxic and hypoxic culture conditions. A mouse collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model was applied to test the therapeutic potential of blocking the uptake of L-arginine in vivo. Results L-rginine was upregulated in the synovial fluid of RA patients and was positively correlated with the elevation of the cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8. Further examination demonstrated that CAT-1 was the primary transporter for L-arginine and was overexpressed on RA FLSs compared to OA FLSs. Moreover, knockdown of CAT-1 using siRNA or inhibition of L-arginine uptake using D-arginine significantly suppressed L-arginine metabolism, cell proliferation, migration, and cytokine secretion in RA FLSs under normoxic and hypoxic culture conditions in vitro but increased cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, in vivo assays revealed that an L-arginine-free diet or blocking the uptake of L-arginine using D-arginine suppressed arthritis progression in CIA mice. Conclusion CAT-1 is upregulated and promotes FLS proliferation by taking up L-arginine, thereby promoting RA progression. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-022-02921-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lu
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China. .,Shanghai East Hospital Ji'an Hospital, 80 Ji'an South Road, Ji'an City, 343000, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Chongbo Hao
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Zuan Ma
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Xuelian Fu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Mingqing Qin
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Menglei Ding
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Zengguang Xu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| | - Lieying Fan
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China.
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98
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Latif S, Kang YS. Blood-Brain Barrier Solute Carrier Transporters and Motor Neuron Disease. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2167. [PMID: 36297602 PMCID: PMC9608738 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Defective solute carrier (SLC) transporters are responsible for neurotransmitter dysregulation, resulting in neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We provided the role and kinetic parameters of transporters such as ASCTs, Taut, LAT1, CAT1, MCTs, OCTNs, CHT, and CTL1, which are mainly responsible for the transport of essential nutrients, acidic, and basic drugs in blood-brain barrier (BBB) and motor neuron disease. The affinity for LAT1 was higher in the BBB than in the ALS model cell line, whereas the capacity was higher in the NSC-34 cell lines than in the BBB. Affinity for MCTs was lower in the BBB than in the NSC-34 cell lines. CHT in BBB showed two affinity sites, whereas no expression was observed in ALS cell lines. CTL1 was the main transporter for choline in ALS cell lines. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) analysis of [3H]choline uptake indicated that choline is sensitive in TR-BBB cells, whereas amiloride is most sensitive in ALS cell lines. Knowledge of the transport systems in the BBB and motor neurons will help to deliver drugs to the brain and develop the therapeutic strategy for treating CNS and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Young-Sook Kang
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Korea
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SLC7A5 is a lung adenocarcinoma-specific prognostic biomarker and participates in forming immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10866. [PMID: 36217463 PMCID: PMC9547238 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Amino acid metabolism participates in forming immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Amino acid transporters (AATs), as a gate for admission, remains to be studied. Materials and methods We identified LUAD-specific prognostic AATs, SLC7A5 by differential expression analysis, logistic regression, machine learning, Kaplan-Meier analysis, AUC value filtrating and Cox regression. Then differential expression and distribution of SLC7A5 were depicted. Copy number variation, DNA methylation, transcriptional factors and ceRNA network were investigated to explore potential mechanism causing differential expression. The prognostic and clinical relation were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis, Cox regression analysis. GSEA and GSVA were used to analyze altered pathways between SLC7A5 high- and low-groups. The expression of HLA-related genes and immune checkpoint genes, and immune cells infiltration were detected. SLC7A5 expression in immune cells was evaluated by single-cell sequencing data. IPS and an independent immunotherapy cohort assessed response rates of patients with distinct SLC7A5 expression. Proliferation assay and wound healing assay validated the effects of SLC7A5 on proliferation and migration of LUAD cells. Western blotting and cell viability assays were performed to detect mTORC1 pathway activity and sensitivity to rapamycin. Results SLC7A5 was a LUAD-specific prognostic AAT and had significant differential expression in transcription and translation level. Methylation levels of cg00728300, cg00858400, cg12408911, cg08710629 were negative correlation with SLC7A5 expression. FOXP3 and TFAP2A were possible transcription factors and miR-30a-5p, miR-184, miR-195-5p may target SLC7A5 mRNA. SLC7A5 high-expression indicated poor prognosis and was an independent prognostic factor. mTORC1, cell cycle, DNA damage repair, response to reactive oxygen, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and various growth factors signaling pathways were activated in SLC7A5 high-expression group. Interestingly, SLC7A5 high-expression group had less immune-related genes expression and immune cells infiltration. Single-cell sequencing data also suggested SLC7A5 was downregulated in various T cells, especially effector T cells. Moreover, high SLC7A5 expression indicated poor immunotherapy efficacy and higher sensitivity to inhibitors of mTORC1 pathway, cell cycle and angiogenesis. SLC7A5 deficiency abrogated proliferation, migration and mTORC1 pathway activity. Conclusions In summary, as a LUAD-specific prognostic AAT, SLC7A5 is involved in activation of multiple oncogenic pathways and indicates poor prognosis. Moreover, SLC7A5 may participate in forming immunosuppressive TME and is associated with low response of immunotherapy. SLC7A5 is promising to be a new diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in LUAD.
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100
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Gao Z, Batool R, Xie W, Huang X, Wang Z. Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Reveals the Importance of Amino-Acid Metabolism in Spodoptera Frugiperda Exposed to Spinetoram. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13090852. [PMID: 36135553 PMCID: PMC9504701 DOI: 10.3390/insects13090852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Pests are inevitably exposed to sublethal and lethal doses in the agroecosystem following the application of pesticides indispensable to protect food sources. The effect of spinetoram on amino-acid metabolism of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), was investigated, at the dose of LC10 and LC90, by transcriptome and LC-MS/MS analysis. Using statistics-based analysis of both POS and NEG mode, a total of 715,501 metabolites in S. frugiperda were significantly changed after spinetoram treatment. The enhancement of glucose metabolism provides energy support for detoxification in larvae. The decrease in valine and isoleucine is associated with an increase in leucine, without maintaining the conservation of citric acid in the larvae. The down-regulation of phenylalanine may retard the tricarboxylic acid cycle to produce GTP. The abundance of lysine was decreased in response to spinetoram exposure, which damages the nervous system of the larvae. The abundance of arginine increases and causes non-functional contraction of the insect's muscles, causing the larva to expend excess energy. Tryptophan provides an important substrate for eliminating ROS. The changes in glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and lysine cause damage to the nerve centers of the larvae. The results of transcriptome and LC-MS/MS analysis revealed the effects of pesticide exposure on amino-acid metabolism of S. frugiperda successfully and provide a new overview of the response of insect physio-biochemistry against pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zupeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Raufa Batool
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weifeng Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Enemy Insects/Institute of Biological Control, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiaodan Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Enemy Insects/Institute of Biological Control, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhenying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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