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Uchida K, Sun W, Yamazaki J, Tominaga M. Role of Thermo-Sensitive Transient Receptor Potential Channels in Brown Adipose Tissue. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:1135-1144. [PMID: 30068861 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Brown and beige adipocytes are a major site of mammalian non-shivering thermogenesis and energy dissipation. Obesity is caused by an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure and has become a worldwide health problem. Therefore modulation of thermogenesis in brown and beige adipocytes could be an important application for body weight control and obesity prevention. Over the last few decades, the involvement of thermo-sensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) channels (including TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV3, TRPV4, TRPM4, TRPM8, TRPC5, and TRPA1) in energy metabolism and adipogenesis in adipocytes has been extensively explored. In this review, we summarize the expression, function, and pathological/physiological contributions of these TRP channels and discuss their potential as future therapeutic targets for preventing and combating human obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunitoshi Uchida
- Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College.,Division of Cell Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences.,Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies)
| | - Wuping Sun
- Division of Cell Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences
| | - Jun Yamazaki
- Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College
| | - Makoto Tominaga
- Division of Cell Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences.,Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies)
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52
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Bishnoi M, Khare P, Brown L, Panchal SK. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels: a metabolic TR(i)P to obesity prevention and therapy. Obes Rev 2018; 19:1269-1292. [PMID: 29797770 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cellular transport of ions, especially by ion channels, regulates physiological function. The transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, with 30 identified so far, are cation channels with high calcium permeability. These ion channels are present in metabolically active tissues including adipose tissue, liver, gastrointestinal tract, brain (hypothalamus), pancreas and skeletal muscle, which suggests a potential role in metabolic disorders including obesity. TRP channels have potentially important roles in adipogenesis, obesity development and its prevention and therapy because of their physiological properties including calcium permeability, thermosensation and taste perception, involvement in cell metabolic signalling and hormone release. This wide range of actions means that organ-specific actions are unlikely, thus increasing the possibility of adverse effects. Delineation of responses to TRP channels has been limited by the poor selectivity of available agonists and antagonists. Food constituents that can modulate TRP channels are of interest in controlling metabolic status. TRP vanilloid 1 channels modulated by capsaicin have been the most studied, suggesting that this may be the first target for effective pharmacological modulation in obesity. This review shows that most of the TRP channels are potential targets to reduce metabolic disorders through a range of mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bishnoi
- Department of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab, India.,Functional Foods Research Group, Institute for Agriculture and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - P Khare
- Department of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab, India
| | - L Brown
- Functional Foods Research Group, Institute for Agriculture and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia.,School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - S K Panchal
- Functional Foods Research Group, Institute for Agriculture and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
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Mahmoudi A, Ghatreh Samani K, Farrokhi E, Heidarian E. Effects of Nigella sativa Extracts on the Lipid Profile and Uncoupling Protein-1 Gene Expression in Brown Adipose Tissue of Mice. Adv Biomed Res 2018; 7:121. [PMID: 30211134 PMCID: PMC6124217 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_91_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) is the index protein of the brown adipose tissue (BAT), used in the obesity studies. We evaluated the effects of thymoquinone (TQ), hydroalcoholic, and hexane extracts of Nigella sativa, on the UCP-1 gene expression in BAT, and also on the recovery from oxidative stress, due to a high-fat diet. Materials and Methods: Fifty mice were divided into five groups: the first group was fed with a usual diet and the second, third, fourth, and fifth groups with a high-fat diet, hydroalcoholic extract, hexane extract, and TQ, respectively. After completing the course, the lipid profile, paraoxonase 1 (PON1), serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. UCP-1 expression in BAT was evaluated at the gene and protein level. Results: The weight of mice, receiving TQ, hydroalcoholic, and hexane extracts, was decreased (P < 0.05), compared to the second group (P < 0.05). MDA was increased in the second group, compared to the first group (P < 0.05); however, TAC, liver catalase enzyme, and PON1 were decreased (P < 0.05). Furthermore, MDA of the third, fourth, and fifth groups had decreased, and the activity of PON1, liver catalase enzyme, and the amount of TAC was increased (P < 0.05). UCP-1 expression of the third and fourth groups was increased, compared to the second group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that TQ, hydroalcoholic, and hexane extracts of N. sativa have a protective and therapeutic role in the oxidative stress, caused by high-fat diets. The hydroalcoholic and hexane extracts can induce weight loss, by positively affecting UCP-1, at the gene and protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mahmoudi
- Department of Biochemistry, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Keihan Ghatreh Samani
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Effat Farrokhi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Esfandiar Heidarian
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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54
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Burtscher M, Gatterer H, Burtscher J, Mairbäurl H. Extreme Terrestrial Environments: Life in Thermal Stress and Hypoxia. A Narrative Review. Front Physiol 2018; 9:572. [PMID: 29867589 PMCID: PMC5964295 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Living, working and exercising in extreme terrestrial environments are challenging tasks even for healthy humans of the modern new age. The issue is not just survival in remote environments but rather the achievement of optimal performance in everyday life, occupation, and sports. Various adaptive biological processes can take place to cope with the specific stressors of extreme terrestrial environments like cold, heat, and hypoxia (high altitude). This review provides an overview of the physiological and morphological aspects of adaptive responses in these environmental stressors at the level of organs, tissues, and cells. Furthermore, adjustments existing in native people living in such extreme conditions on the earth as well as acute adaptive responses in newcomers are discussed. These insights into general adaptability of humans are complemented by outcomes of specific acclimatization/acclimation studies adding important information how to cope appropriately with extreme environmental temperatures and hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Burtscher
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Austrian Society for Alpine and Mountain Medicine, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hannes Gatterer
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, EURAC Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Johannes Burtscher
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Heimo Mairbäurl
- Medical Clinic VII, Sports Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL/TLRC-H), Heidelberg, Germany
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55
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Señarís R, Ordás P, Reimúndez A, Viana F. Mammalian cold TRP channels: impact on thermoregulation and energy homeostasis. Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:761-777. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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56
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Abstract
Since the rediscovery of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in humans, its energy-dissipating ability has been well-recognized. The negative correlations of BAT activity with adiposity and insulin sensitivity provided an obvious rationale for discerning reliable and practical strategies for stimulating BAT. Though cold exposure or use of pharmacological adrenomimetics can activate BAT, they may have adverse effects. Therefore, determining alternative stimulants of BAT with lower risks such as commonly used food ingredients is highly desirable. Recent observations revealed that chemical activation of temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) channels by food ingredients can recruit BAT in humans. Furthermore, animal studies have identified several food-derived stimulants of BAT acting through multiple mechanisms distinct from a TRP-mediated process. Dietary compounds acting as an activator of Sirtuin 1, a critical regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and brown adipocyte differentiation, are one such class of promising food-derived BAT activators in humans. While the individual effects of various dietary factors are increasingly established in a laboratory setting, the potential synergistic effects of multiple stimulants on BAT remain to be tested in a clinical environment. These investigations may support the development of efficient, flexible dietary regimens capable of boosting BAT thermogenesis.
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Li C, Li J, Xiong X, Liu Y, Lv Y, Qin S, Liu D, Wei R, Ruan X, Zhang J, Xu L, Wang X, Chen J, Zhang Y, Zheng L. TRPM8 activation improves energy expenditure in skeletal muscle and exercise endurance in mice. Gene 2018; 641:111-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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58
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Blondin DP, Haman F. Shivering and nonshivering thermogenesis in skeletal muscles. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 156:153-173. [PMID: 30454588 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63912-7.00010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Humans have inherited complex neural circuits which drive behavioral, somatic, and autonomic thermoregulatory responses to defend their body temperature. While they are well adapted to dissipate heat in warm climates, they have a reduced capacity to preserve it in cold environments. Consequently, heat production is critical to defending their core temperature. As in other large mammals, skeletal muscles are the primary source of heat production recruited in cold-exposed humans. This is achieved voluntarily in the form of contractions from exercising muscles or involuntarily in the form of contractions from shivering muscles and the recruitment of nonshivering mechanisms. This review describes our current understanding of shivering and nonshivering thermogenesis in skeletal muscles, from the neural circuitry driving their recruitment to the metabolic substrates that fuel them. The presence of these heat-producing mechanisms can be measured in vivo by combining indirect respiratory calorimetry with electromyography or biomedical imaging modalities. Indeed, much of what is known regarding shivering in humans and other animal models stems from studies performed using these methods combined with in situ and in vivo neurologic techniques. More recent investigations have focused on understanding the metabolic processes that produce the heat from both contracting and noncontracting mechanisms. With the growing interest in the potential therapeutic benefits of shivering and nonshivering skeletal muscle to counter the effects of neuromuscular, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases, we expect this field to continue its growth in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis P Blondin
- Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada.
| | - François Haman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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59
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Vizin RCL, Motzko-Soares ACP, Armentano GM, Ishikawa DT, Cruz-Neto AP, Carrettiero DC, Almeida MC. Short-term menthol treatment promotes persistent thermogenesis without induction of compensatory food consumption in Wistar rats: implications for obesity control. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 124:672-683. [PMID: 29357504 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00770.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the influence of daily repeated menthol treatments on body mass and thermoregulatory effectors in Wistar rats, considering that menthol is a transient receptor potential melastatin 8 channel agonist that mimics cold sensation and activates thermoregulatory cold-defense mechanisms in mammals, promoting hyperthermia and increasing energy expenditure, and has been suggested as an anti-obesity drug. Male Wistar rats were topically treated with 5% menthol for 3 or 9 consecutive days while body mass, food intake, abdominal temperature, metabolism, cutaneous vasoconstriction, and thermal preference were measured. Menthol promoted hyperthermia on all days of treatment, due to an increase in metabolism and cutaneous vasoconstriction, without affecting food intake, resulting in less mass gain in menthol-hyperthermic animals. As the treatment progressed, the menthol-induced increases in metabolism and hyperthermia were attenuated but not abolished. Moreover, cutaneous vasoconstriction was potentiated, and an increase in the warmth-seeking behavior was induced. Taken together, the results suggest that, although changes occur in thermoeffector recruitment during the course of short-term treatment, menthol is a promising drug to prevent body mass gain. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Menthol produces a persistent increase in energy expenditure, with limited compensatory thermoregulatory adaptations and, most unexpectedly, without affecting food intake. Thus short-term treatment with menthol results in less mass gain in treated animals compared with controls. Our results suggest that menthol is a promising drug for the prevention of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robson Cristiano Lillo Vizin
- Graduate Program on Neuroscience and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC , São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Anna Carolina P Motzko-Soares
- Graduate Program on Neuroscience and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC , São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Giovana Marchini Armentano
- Natural and Humanities Science Center, Universidade Federal do ABC , São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Débora T Ishikawa
- Graduate Program on Neuroscience and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC , São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Ariovaldo P Cruz-Neto
- Department of Zoology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Daniel Carneiro Carrettiero
- Graduate Program on Neuroscience and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC , São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo , Brazil.,Natural and Humanities Science Center, Universidade Federal do ABC , São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Maria Camila Almeida
- Graduate Program on Neuroscience and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC , São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo , Brazil.,Natural and Humanities Science Center, Universidade Federal do ABC , São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo , Brazil
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60
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Cold-sensing TRPM8 channel participates in circadian control of the brown adipose tissue. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:2415-2427. [PMID: 28943398 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are known to regulate energy metabolism, and TRPM8 has become an interesting player in this context. Here we demonstrate the role of the cold sensor TRPM8 in the regulation of clock gene and clock controlled genes in brown adipose tissue (BAT). We investigated TrpM8 temporal profile in the eyes, suprachiasmatic nucleus and BAT; only BAT showed temporal variation of TrpM8 transcripts. Eyes from mice lacking TRPM8 lost the temporal profile of Per1 in LD cycle. This alteration in the ocular circadian physiology may explain the delay in the onset of locomotor activity in response to light pulse, as compared to wild type animals (WT). Brown adipocytes from TrpM8 KO mice exhibited a larger multilocularity in comparison to WT or TrpV1 KO mice. In addition, Ucp1 and UCP1 expression was significantly reduced in TrpM8 KO mice in comparison to WT mice. Regarding circadian components, the expression of Per1, Per2, Bmal1, Pparα, and Pparβ oscillated in WT mice kept in LD, whereas in the absence of TRPM8 the expression of clock genes was reduced in amplitude and lack temporal oscillation. Thus, our results reveal new roles for TRPM8 channel: it participates in the regulation of clock and clock-controlled genes in the eyes and BAT, and in BAT thermogenesis. Since disruption of the clock machinery has been associated with many metabolic disorders, the pharmacological modulation of TRPM8 channel may become a promising therapeutic target to counterbalance weight gain, through increased thermogenesis, energy expenditure, and clock gene activation.
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61
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Uchida K, Dezaki K, Yoneshiro T, Watanabe T, Yamazaki J, Saito M, Yada T, Tominaga M, Iwasaki Y. Involvement of thermosensitive TRP channels in energy metabolism. J Physiol Sci 2017; 67:549-560. [PMID: 28656459 PMCID: PMC10717017 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-017-0552-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To date, 11 thermosensitive transient receptor potential (thermo-TRP) channels have been identified. Recent studies have characterized the mechanism of thermosensing by thermo-TRPs and the physiological role of thermo-TRPs in energy metabolism. In this review, we highlight the role of various thermo-TRPs in energy metabolism and hormone secretion. In the pancreas, TRPM2 and other TRPs regulate insulin secretion. TRPV2 expressed in brown adipocytes contributes to differentiation and/or thermogenesis. Sensory nerves that express TRPV1 promote increased energy expenditure by activating sympathetic nerves and adrenaline secretion. Here, we first show that capsaicin-induced adrenaline secretion is completely impaired in TRPV1 knockout mice. The thermogenic effects of TRPV1 agonists are attributable to brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation in mice and humans. Moreover, TRPA1- and TRPM8-expressing sensory nerves also contribute to potentiation of BAT thermogenesis and energy expenditure in mice. Together, thermo-TRPs are promising targets for combating obesity and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunitoshi Uchida
- Division of Cell Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Biosciences (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
- Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The University of Advanced Studies), 38 Nishigounaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.
- Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan.
| | - Katsuya Dezaki
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 320-0498, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoneshiro
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, 35 Medical Center Way, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0669, USA
| | - Tatsuo Watanabe
- Faculty of Future Industry, Happy Science University, 4427-1 Hitotsumatsu-hei, Chosei-mura, Chiba, 299-4325, Japan
| | - Jun Yamazaki
- Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saito
- Hokkaido University, Kita18-Nishi9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yada
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 320-0498, Japan
| | - Makoto Tominaga
- Division of Cell Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Biosciences (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The University of Advanced Studies), 38 Nishigounaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yusaku Iwasaki
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 320-0498, Japan.
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62
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Jiang C, Zhai M, Yan D, Li D, Li C, Zhang Y, Xiao L, Xiong D, Deng Q, Sun W. Dietary menthol-induced TRPM8 activation enhances WAT "browning" and ameliorates diet-induced obesity. Oncotarget 2017; 8:75114-75126. [PMID: 29088850 PMCID: PMC5650405 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Beige adipocytes are a new type of recruitable brownish adipocytes, with highly mitochondrial membrane uncoupling protein 1 expression and thermogenesis. Beige adipocytes were found among white adipocytes, especially in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT). Therefore, beige adipocytes may be involved in the regulation of energy metabolism and fat deposition. Transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8), a Ca2+-permeable non-selective cation channel, plays vital roles in the regulation of various cellular functions. It has been reported that TRPM8 activation enhanced the thermogenic function of brown adiposytes. However, the involvement of TRPM8 in the thermogenic function of WAT remains unexplored. Our data revealed that TRPM8 was expressed in mouse white adipocytes at mRNA, protein and functional levels. The mRNA expression of Trpm8 was significantly increased in the differentiated white adipocytes than pre-adipocytes. Moreover, activation of TRPM8 by menthol enhanced the expression of thermogenic genes in cultured white aidpocytes. And menthol-induced increases of the thermogenic genes in white adipocytes was inhibited by either KT5720 (a protein kinase A inhibitor) or BAPTA-AM. In addition, high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice was significantly recovered by co-treatment with menthol. Dietary menthol enhanced WAT “browning” and improved glucose metabolism in HFD-induced obesity mice as well. Therefore, we concluded that TRPM8 might be involved in WAT “browning” by increasing the expression levels of genes related to thermogenesis and energy metabolism. And dietary menthol could be a novel approach for combating human obesity and related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyu Jiang
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, The Affiliated Nanshan People's Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Municipal Sixth People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Mingzhu Zhai
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Dong Yan
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, The Affiliated Nanshan People's Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Municipal Sixth People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Da Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Chen Li
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, School of Basic Medicine, Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital and Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, School of Basic Medicine, Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital and Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Lizu Xiao
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, The Affiliated Nanshan People's Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Municipal Sixth People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Donglin Xiong
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, The Affiliated Nanshan People's Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Municipal Sixth People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qiwen Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Endogenous Infection, The Affiliated Nanshan People's Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Municipal Sixth People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Wuping Sun
- Department of Pain Medicine and Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, The Affiliated Nanshan People's Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Municipal Sixth People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518060, China
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63
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Kreisler A, Garcia M, Spierling S, Hui B, Zorrilla E. Extended vs. brief intermittent access to palatable food differently promote binge-like intake, rejection of less preferred food, and weight cycling in female rats. Physiol Behav 2017; 177:305-316. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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64
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Thyagarajan B, Foster MT. Beiging of white adipose tissue as a therapeutic strategy for weight loss in humans. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2017; 31:/j/hmbci.ahead-of-print/hmbci-2017-0016/hmbci-2017-0016.xml. [PMID: 28672737 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2017-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An imbalance between energy intake and expenditure leads to obesity. Adiposity associated with obesity progressively causes inflammation, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular disease. Excessive dietary intake of fat results in its accumulation and storage in the white adipose tissue (WAT), whereas energy expenditure by fat utilization and oxidation predominately occurs in the brown adipose tissue (BAT). Recently, the presence of a third type of fat, referred to as beige or brite (brown in white), has been recognized in certain kinds of WAT depots. It has been suggested that WAT can undergo the process of browning in response to stimuli that induce and enhance the expression of thermogenes characteristic of those typically associated with brown fat. The resultant beige or brite cells enhance energy expenditure by reducing lipids stored within adipose tissue. This has created significant excitement towards the development of a promising strategy to induce browning/beiging in WAT to combat the growing epidemic of obesity. This review systematically describes differential locations and functions of WAT and BAT, mechanisms of beiging of WAT and a concise analysis of drug molecules and natural products that activate the browning phenomenon in vitro and in vivo. This review also discusses potential approaches for targeting WAT with compounds for site-specific beiging induction. Overall, there are numerous mechanisms that govern browning of WAT. There are a variety of newly identified targets whereby potential molecules can promote beiging of WAT and thereby combat obesity.
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65
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Actions and Regulation of Ionotropic Cannabinoid Receptors. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 80:249-289. [PMID: 28826537 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Almost three decades have passed since the identification of the two specific metabotropic receptors mediating cannabinoid pharmacology. Thereafter, many cannabinoid effects, both at central and peripheral levels, have been well documented and characterized. However, numerous evidences demonstrated that these pharmacological actions could not be attributable solely to the activation of CB1 and CB2 receptors since several important cannabimimetic actions have been found in biological systems lacking CB1 or CB2 gene such as in specific cell lines or transgenic mice. It is now well accepted that, beyond their receptor-mediated effects, these molecules can act also via CB1/CB2-receptor-independent mechanism. Cannabinoids have been demonstrated to modulate several voltage-gated channels (including Ca2+, Na+, and various type of K+ channels), ligand-gated ion channels (i.e., GABA, glycine), and ion-transporting membranes proteins such as transient potential receptor class (TRP) channels. The first direct, cannabinoid receptor-independent interaction was reported on the function of serotonin 5-HT3 receptor-ion channel complex. Similar effects were reported also on the other above mentioned ion channels. In the early ninety, studies searching for endogenous modulators of L-type Ca2+ channels identified anandamide as ligand for L-type Ca2+ channel. Later investigations indicated that other types of Ca2+ currents are also affected by endocannabinoids, and, in the late ninety, it was discovered that endocannabinoids activate the vanilloid receptor subtype 1 (TRPV1), and nowadays, it is known that (endo)cannabinoids gate at least five distinct TRP channels. This chapter focuses on cannabinoid regulation of ion channels and lays special emphasis on their action at transient receptor channels.
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Optical visualisation of thermogenesis in stimulated single-cell brown adipocytes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1383. [PMID: 28469146 PMCID: PMC5431191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00291-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of brown adipose deposits in adults has led to significant interest in targeting this metabolically active tissue for treatment of obesity and diabetes. Improved methods for the direct measurement of heat production as the signature function of brown adipocytes (BAs), particularly at the single cell level, would be of substantial benefit to these ongoing efforts. Here, we report the first application of a small molecule-type thermosensitive fluorescent dye, ERthermAC, to monitor thermogenesis in BAs derived from murine brown fat precursors and in human brown fat cells differentiated from human neck brown preadipocytes. ERthermAC accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum of BAs and displayed a marked change in fluorescence intensity in response to adrenergic stimulation of cells, which corresponded to temperature change. ERthermAC fluorescence intensity profiles were congruent with mitochondrial depolarisation events visualised by the JC-1 probe. Moreover, the averaged fluorescence intensity changes across a population of cells correlated well with dynamic changes such as thermal power, oxygen consumption, and extracellular acidification rates. These findings suggest ERthermAC as a promising new tool for studying thermogenic function in brown adipocytes of both murine and human origins.
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Montanari T, Pošćić N, Colitti M. Factors involved in white-to-brown adipose tissue conversion and in thermogenesis: a review. Obes Rev 2017; 18:495-513. [PMID: 28187240 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is the result of energy intake chronically exceeding energy expenditure. Classical treatments against obesity do not provide a satisfactory long-term outcome for the majority of patients. After the demonstration of functional brown adipose tissue in human adults, great effort is being devoted to develop therapies based on the adipose tissue itself, through the conversion of fat-accumulating white adipose tissue into energy-dissipating brown adipose tissue. Anti-obesity treatments that exploit endogenous, pharmacological and nutritional factors to drive such conversion are especially in demand. In the present review, we summarize the current knowledge about the various molecules that can be applied in promoting white-to-brown adipose tissue conversion and energy expenditure and the cellular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Montanari
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - N Pošćić
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - M Colitti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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A self-sustained loop of inflammation-driven inhibition of beige adipogenesis in obesity. Nat Immunol 2017; 18:654-664. [PMID: 28414311 PMCID: PMC5436941 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In obesity, white adipose tissue (AT) inflammation is associated with reduced beige adipogenesis, a thermogenic and energy-dissipating function mediated by uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1)-expressing beige adipocytes. Here, we dissected an inflammation-driven inhibitory mechanism of beige adipogenesis in obesity that required direct adhesive interactions between macrophages and adipocytes mediated, respectively, by α4 integrin and its counter-receptor VCAM-1, the expression of which was upregulated in obesity. This adhesive interaction reciprocally and concomitantly modulated inflammatory activation in macrophages and Erk–dependent downregulation of UCP1 in adipocytes. Genetic or pharmacologic inactivation of α4 integrin in mice resulted in elevated UCP1 expression and beige adipogenesis of the subcutaneous AT in obesity. Our findings, established in both mouse and human systems, reveal a self-sustained cycle of inflammation-driven impairment of beige adipogenesis in obesity.
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Goralczyk A, van Vijven M, Koch M, Badowski C, Yassin MS, Toh SA, Shabbir A, Franco-Obregón A, Raghunath M. TRP channels in brown and white adipogenesis from human progenitors: new therapeutic targets and the caveats associated with the common antibiotic, streptomycin. FASEB J 2017; 31:3251-3266. [PMID: 28416581 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601081rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are polymodal cell sensors responding to diverse stimuli and widely implicated in the developmental programs of numerous tissues. The evidence for an involvement of TRP family members in adipogenesis, however, is scant. We present the first comprehensive expression profile of all known 27 human TRP genes in mesenchymal progenitors cells during white or brown adipogenesis. Using positive trilineage differentiation as an exclusion criterion, TRP polycystic (P)3, and TPR melastatin (M)8 were found to be uniquely adipospecific. Knockdown of TRPP3 repressed the expression of the brown fat signature genes uncoupling protein (UCP)-1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator (PGC)-1α as well as attenuated forskolin-stimulated uncoupled respiration. However, indices of generalized adipogenesis, such as lipid droplet morphology and fatty acid binding protein (FAPB)-4 expression, were not affected, indicating a principal mitochondrial role of TRPP3. Conversely, activating TRPM8 with menthol up-regulated UCP-1 expression and augmented uncoupled respiration predominantly in white adipocytes (browning), whereas streptomycin antagonized TRPM8-mediated calcium entry, downregulated UCP-1 expression, and mitigated uncoupled respiration; menthol was less capable of augmenting uncoupled respiration (thermogenesis) in brown adipocytes. TRPP3 and TRPM8 hence appear to be involved in the priming of mitochondria to perform uncoupled respiration downstream of adenylate cyclase. Our results also underscore the developmental caveats of using antibiotics in adipogenic studies.-Goralczyk, A., van Vijven, M., Koch, M., Badowski, C., Yassin, M. S., Toh, S.-A., Shabbir, A., Franco-Obregón, A., Raghunath, M. TRP channels in brown and white adipogenesis from human progenitors: new therapeutic targets and the caveats associated with the common antibiotic, streptomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Goralczyk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marc van Vijven
- Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mathilde Koch
- Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biology, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
| | - Cedric Badowski
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - M Shabeer Yassin
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sue-Anne Toh
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Asim Shabbir
- Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore; and
| | - Alfredo Franco-Obregón
- Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore; and .,BioIonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory, Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael Raghunath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore .,Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Center for Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Competence Center for Tissue Engineering (TEDD), Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland
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Bonet ML, Mercader J, Palou A. A nutritional perspective on UCP1-dependent thermogenesis. Biochimie 2017; 134:99-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Bargut TCL, Souza-Mello V, Aguila MB, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA. Browning of white adipose tissue: lessons from experimental models. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2017; 31:hmbci-2016-0051. [PMID: 28099124 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2016-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Beige or brite (brown-in-white) adipocytes are present in white adipose tissue (WAT) and have a white fat-like phenotype that when stimulated acquires a brown fat-like phenotype, leading to increased thermogenesis. This phenomenon is known as browning and is more likely to occur in subcutaneous fat depots. Browning involves the expression of many transcription factors, such as PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, and of uncoupling protein (UCP)-1, which is the hallmark of thermogenesis. Recent papers pointed that browning can occur in the WAT of humans, with beneficial metabolic effects. This fact indicates that these cells can be targeted to treat a range of diseases, with both pharmacological and nutritional activators. Pharmacological approaches to induce browning include the use of PPAR-α agonist, adrenergic receptor stimulation, thyroid hormone administration, irisin and FGF21 induction. Most of them act through the induction of PPAR-γ coactivator (PGC) 1-α and the consequent mitochondrial biogenesis and UCP1 induction. About the nutritional inducers, several compounds have been described with multiple mechanisms of action. Some of these activators include specific amino acids restriction, capsaicin, bile acids, Resveratrol, and retinoic acid. Besides that, some classes of lipids, as well as many plant extracts, have also been implicated in the browning of WAT. In conclusion, the discovery of browning in human WAT opens the possibility to target the adipose tissue to fight a range of diseases. Studies have arisen showing promising results and bringing new opportunities in thermogenesis and obesity control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thereza Cristina Lonzetti Bargut
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia Barbosa Aguila
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Mandarim-de-Lacerda
- Laboratorio de Morfometria, Metabolismo e Doença Cardiovascular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Phone (+55.21) 2868-8316, Fax: 2868-8033, E-mail:
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Rossi F, Bellini G, Luongo L, Manzo I, Tolone S, Tortora C, Bernardo ME, Grandone A, Conforti A, Docimo L, Nobili B, Perrone L, Locatelli F, Maione S, Del Giudice EM. Cannabinoid Receptor 2 as Antiobesity Target: Inflammation, Fat Storage, and Browning Modulation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:3469-78. [PMID: 27294325 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-4381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Obesity is associated with a low-grade inflammatory state and adipocyte (ADP) hyperplasia/hypertrophy. Obesity inhibits the "browning" of white adipose tissue. Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) agonists reduce food intake and induce antiobesity effect in mice. A common missense CB2 variant, Q63R, causes CB2-reduced function. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of CB2 receptor on the modulation of childhood obesity and of ADP activity and morphology. DESIGN CB2-Q63R variant was analyzed in obese Italian children. The effects of an inflammatory stimulus and those of drugs selectively acting on CB2 were investigated on in vitro ADPs obtained from mesenchymal stem cells of adult healthy donors or from sc adipose biopsies of adult nonobese and obese subjects. SETTING Department of Women, Child and General and Specialist Surgery of the Second University of Naples. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A total of 501 obese Italian children (age 11 ± 2.75). Twelve healthy bone marrow donors (age 36.5 ± 15); and 17 subjects, 7 lean (age 42 ± 10) and 10 obese (age 37.8 ± 12) underwent sc adipose tissue biopsies. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Effects of CB2 stimulation on adipokine, perilipin, and uncoupling protein-1 expression. RESULTS The less-functional CB2-R63 variant was significantly associated with a high z-score body mass index. CB2 blockade with AM630 reverse agonist increased inflammatory adipokine release and fat storage and reduced browning. CB2 stimulation with JWH-133 agonist reversed all of the obesity-related effects. CONCLUSION CB2 receptor is a novel pharmacological target that should be considered for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Rossi
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialist Surgery (F.R., I.M., A.G., B.N., L.P., E.M.d.G.) and Department of Experimental Medicine (G.B., L.L., I.M., C.T., S.M.), Division of Pharmacology Leonardo Donatelli, The Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy; The Endocannabinoid Research Group (L.L., S.M.), 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Division of General and Obesity Surgery (S.T., L.D.), The Second University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; Department of Onco-Hematology (M.E.B., A.C., F.L.), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Caarattere Scientifico Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; and University of Pavia (F.L.), 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Bellini
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialist Surgery (F.R., I.M., A.G., B.N., L.P., E.M.d.G.) and Department of Experimental Medicine (G.B., L.L., I.M., C.T., S.M.), Division of Pharmacology Leonardo Donatelli, The Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy; The Endocannabinoid Research Group (L.L., S.M.), 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Division of General and Obesity Surgery (S.T., L.D.), The Second University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; Department of Onco-Hematology (M.E.B., A.C., F.L.), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Caarattere Scientifico Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; and University of Pavia (F.L.), 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Livio Luongo
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialist Surgery (F.R., I.M., A.G., B.N., L.P., E.M.d.G.) and Department of Experimental Medicine (G.B., L.L., I.M., C.T., S.M.), Division of Pharmacology Leonardo Donatelli, The Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy; The Endocannabinoid Research Group (L.L., S.M.), 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Division of General and Obesity Surgery (S.T., L.D.), The Second University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; Department of Onco-Hematology (M.E.B., A.C., F.L.), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Caarattere Scientifico Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; and University of Pavia (F.L.), 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Iolanda Manzo
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialist Surgery (F.R., I.M., A.G., B.N., L.P., E.M.d.G.) and Department of Experimental Medicine (G.B., L.L., I.M., C.T., S.M.), Division of Pharmacology Leonardo Donatelli, The Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy; The Endocannabinoid Research Group (L.L., S.M.), 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Division of General and Obesity Surgery (S.T., L.D.), The Second University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; Department of Onco-Hematology (M.E.B., A.C., F.L.), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Caarattere Scientifico Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; and University of Pavia (F.L.), 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Tolone
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialist Surgery (F.R., I.M., A.G., B.N., L.P., E.M.d.G.) and Department of Experimental Medicine (G.B., L.L., I.M., C.T., S.M.), Division of Pharmacology Leonardo Donatelli, The Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy; The Endocannabinoid Research Group (L.L., S.M.), 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Division of General and Obesity Surgery (S.T., L.D.), The Second University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; Department of Onco-Hematology (M.E.B., A.C., F.L.), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Caarattere Scientifico Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; and University of Pavia (F.L.), 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Tortora
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialist Surgery (F.R., I.M., A.G., B.N., L.P., E.M.d.G.) and Department of Experimental Medicine (G.B., L.L., I.M., C.T., S.M.), Division of Pharmacology Leonardo Donatelli, The Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy; The Endocannabinoid Research Group (L.L., S.M.), 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Division of General and Obesity Surgery (S.T., L.D.), The Second University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; Department of Onco-Hematology (M.E.B., A.C., F.L.), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Caarattere Scientifico Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; and University of Pavia (F.L.), 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Ester Bernardo
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialist Surgery (F.R., I.M., A.G., B.N., L.P., E.M.d.G.) and Department of Experimental Medicine (G.B., L.L., I.M., C.T., S.M.), Division of Pharmacology Leonardo Donatelli, The Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy; The Endocannabinoid Research Group (L.L., S.M.), 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Division of General and Obesity Surgery (S.T., L.D.), The Second University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; Department of Onco-Hematology (M.E.B., A.C., F.L.), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Caarattere Scientifico Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; and University of Pavia (F.L.), 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Grandone
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialist Surgery (F.R., I.M., A.G., B.N., L.P., E.M.d.G.) and Department of Experimental Medicine (G.B., L.L., I.M., C.T., S.M.), Division of Pharmacology Leonardo Donatelli, The Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy; The Endocannabinoid Research Group (L.L., S.M.), 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Division of General and Obesity Surgery (S.T., L.D.), The Second University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; Department of Onco-Hematology (M.E.B., A.C., F.L.), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Caarattere Scientifico Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; and University of Pavia (F.L.), 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonella Conforti
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialist Surgery (F.R., I.M., A.G., B.N., L.P., E.M.d.G.) and Department of Experimental Medicine (G.B., L.L., I.M., C.T., S.M.), Division of Pharmacology Leonardo Donatelli, The Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy; The Endocannabinoid Research Group (L.L., S.M.), 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Division of General and Obesity Surgery (S.T., L.D.), The Second University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; Department of Onco-Hematology (M.E.B., A.C., F.L.), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Caarattere Scientifico Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; and University of Pavia (F.L.), 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Ludovico Docimo
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialist Surgery (F.R., I.M., A.G., B.N., L.P., E.M.d.G.) and Department of Experimental Medicine (G.B., L.L., I.M., C.T., S.M.), Division of Pharmacology Leonardo Donatelli, The Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy; The Endocannabinoid Research Group (L.L., S.M.), 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Division of General and Obesity Surgery (S.T., L.D.), The Second University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; Department of Onco-Hematology (M.E.B., A.C., F.L.), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Caarattere Scientifico Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; and University of Pavia (F.L.), 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Bruno Nobili
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialist Surgery (F.R., I.M., A.G., B.N., L.P., E.M.d.G.) and Department of Experimental Medicine (G.B., L.L., I.M., C.T., S.M.), Division of Pharmacology Leonardo Donatelli, The Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy; The Endocannabinoid Research Group (L.L., S.M.), 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Division of General and Obesity Surgery (S.T., L.D.), The Second University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; Department of Onco-Hematology (M.E.B., A.C., F.L.), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Caarattere Scientifico Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; and University of Pavia (F.L.), 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Perrone
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialist Surgery (F.R., I.M., A.G., B.N., L.P., E.M.d.G.) and Department of Experimental Medicine (G.B., L.L., I.M., C.T., S.M.), Division of Pharmacology Leonardo Donatelli, The Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy; The Endocannabinoid Research Group (L.L., S.M.), 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Division of General and Obesity Surgery (S.T., L.D.), The Second University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; Department of Onco-Hematology (M.E.B., A.C., F.L.), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Caarattere Scientifico Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; and University of Pavia (F.L.), 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialist Surgery (F.R., I.M., A.G., B.N., L.P., E.M.d.G.) and Department of Experimental Medicine (G.B., L.L., I.M., C.T., S.M.), Division of Pharmacology Leonardo Donatelli, The Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy; The Endocannabinoid Research Group (L.L., S.M.), 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Division of General and Obesity Surgery (S.T., L.D.), The Second University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; Department of Onco-Hematology (M.E.B., A.C., F.L.), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Caarattere Scientifico Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; and University of Pavia (F.L.), 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Sabatino Maione
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialist Surgery (F.R., I.M., A.G., B.N., L.P., E.M.d.G.) and Department of Experimental Medicine (G.B., L.L., I.M., C.T., S.M.), Division of Pharmacology Leonardo Donatelli, The Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy; The Endocannabinoid Research Group (L.L., S.M.), 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Division of General and Obesity Surgery (S.T., L.D.), The Second University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; Department of Onco-Hematology (M.E.B., A.C., F.L.), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Caarattere Scientifico Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; and University of Pavia (F.L.), 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Emanuele Miraglia Del Giudice
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialist Surgery (F.R., I.M., A.G., B.N., L.P., E.M.d.G.) and Department of Experimental Medicine (G.B., L.L., I.M., C.T., S.M.), Division of Pharmacology Leonardo Donatelli, The Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy; The Endocannabinoid Research Group (L.L., S.M.), 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Division of General and Obesity Surgery (S.T., L.D.), The Second University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; Department of Onco-Hematology (M.E.B., A.C., F.L.), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Caarattere Scientifico Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; and University of Pavia (F.L.), 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Pérez de Vega MJ, Gómez-Monterrey I, Ferrer-Montiel A, González-Muñiz R. Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 8 Channel (TRPM8) Modulation: Cool Entryway for Treating Pain and Cancer. J Med Chem 2016; 59:10006-10029. [PMID: 27437828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
TRPM8 ion channels, the primary cold sensors in humans, are activated by innocuous cooling (<28 °C) and cooling compounds (menthol, icilin) and are implicated in sensing unpleasant cold stimuli as well as in mammalian thermoregulation. Overexpression of these thermoregulators in prostate cancer and in other life-threatening tumors, along with their contribution to an increasing number of pathological conditions, opens a plethora of medicinal chemistry opportunities to develop receptor modulators. This Perspective seeks to describe current known modulators for this ion channel because both agonists and antagonists may be useful for the treatment of most TRPM8-mediated pathologies. We primarily focus on SAR data for the different families of compounds and the pharmacological properties of the most promising ligands. Furthermore, we also address the knowledge about the channel structure, although still in its infancy, and the role of the TRPM8 protein signalplex to channel function and dysfunction. We finally outline the potential future prospects of the challenging TRPM8 drug discovery field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel Gómez-Monterrey
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università "Federico II" de Napoli , Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Ferrer-Montiel
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular. Universitas Miguel Hernández . 03202 Alicante, Spain
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Giralt M, Cairó M, Villarroya F. Hormonal and nutritional signalling in the control of brown and beige adipose tissue activation and recruitment. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 30:515-525. [PMID: 27697212 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has revealed that the activity of adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans is higher than previously thought, and that obese patients show abnormally low levels of brown fat activity. Studies in experimental animals have shown that BAT is a site of energy expenditure, and that BAT activity protects against obesity and associated metabolic diseases. The action of the sympathetic nervous activity on BAT depots is considered the main regulator of BAT activity in rodent models and possibly also in humans. However, recent research has revealed the existence of additional hormonal factors, produced by distinct peripheral tissues or present in the diet, that influence the amount and activity of BAT. These hormonal factors may act on BAT directly, but also indirectly by targeting the brain and determining the intensity of sympathetic action upon BAT. Identification and characterization of novel factors that control BAT may provide clues for the development of new strategies to treat obesity and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Giralt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Montserrat Cairó
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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75
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Kim KM, Kim SM, Cho DY, Park SJ, Joo NS. The Effect of Xanthigen on the Expression of Brown Adipose Tissue Assessed by ¹⁸F-FDG PET. Yonsei Med J 2016; 57:1038-1041. [PMID: 27189303 PMCID: PMC4951448 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2016.57.4.1038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is related with energy expenditure, in contrary to fat-storing white adipose tissue. Recent studies have shown that cold exposure could be related with the expression of BAT in adult subjects assessed by ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). In addition, the application in previous clinical trials showed positive effect of xanthigen containing fucoxanthin and punicic acid on body weight and liver fat content. In this short-term intervention study, we evaluated the effect of xanthigen on the expression of BAT by ¹⁸F-FDG PET. Two healthy obese premenopausal women were enrolled and xanthigen 600 mg (2 capsules including fucoxanthin 3 mg, punicic acid 174 mg) was given for 3 months without dietary and exercise intervention. Body composition and dietary intake were assessed monthly. Laboratory test and ¹⁸F-FDG PET were performed before and after intervention. After intervention, there was neither weight reduction nor remarkable laboratory change. However, BAT, assessed by ¹⁸F-FDG PET, was detected in both cervical, supraclavicular and paravertebral space in one subject, even though her body weight showed mild increase. This result suggested that xanthigen can induce BAT in a healthy adult. However, a further large well-controlled study is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Min Kim
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | | | - Doo Yeon Cho
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Soo Jung Park
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Nam Seok Joo
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
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76
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Sakellariou P, Valente A, Carrillo AE, Metsios GS, Nadolnik L, Jamurtas AZ, Koutedakis Y, Boguszewski C, Andrade CMB, Svensson PA, Kawashita NH, Flouris AD. Chronic l-menthol-induced browning of white adipose tissue hypothesis: A putative therapeutic regime for combating obesity and improving metabolic health. Med Hypotheses 2016; 93:21-6. [PMID: 27372851 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity constitutes a serious global health concern reaching pandemic prevalence rates. The existence of functional brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans has provoked intense research interest in the role of this metabolically active tissue in whole-body energy balance and body weight regulation. A number of environmental, physiological, pathological, and pharmacological stimuli have been proposed to induce BAT-mediated thermogenesis and functional thermogenic BAT-like activity in white adipose tissue (WAT), opening new avenues for therapeutic strategies based on enhancing the number of beige adipocytes in WAT. HYPOTHESIS Recent evidence support a role of l-menthol cooling, mediated by TRPM8 receptor, on UCP1-dependent thermogenesis and BAT-like activity in classical WAT depots along with the recruitment of BAT at specific anatomical sites. l-Menthol-induced BAT thermogenesis has been suggested to occur by a β-adrenergic-independent mechanism, avoiding potential side-effects due to extensive β-adrenergic stimulation mediated by available beta receptor agonists. l-Menthol has been also linked to the activation of the cold-gated ion channel TRPA1. However, its role in l-menthol-induced UCP1-dependent thermogenic activity in BAT and WAT remains undetermined. White adipose tissue plasticity has important clinical implications for obesity prevention and/or treatment because higher levels of UCP1-dependent thermogenesis can lead to enhanced energy expenditure at a considerable extent. We hypothesize that chronic dietary l-menthol treatment could induce TRPM8- and TRPA1-dependent WAT adaptations, resembling BAT-like activity, and overall improve whole-body metabolic health in obese and overweight individuals. CONCLUSIONS The putative impact of chronic l-menthol dietary treatment on the stimulation of BAT-like activity in classical WAT depots in humans remains unknown. A detailed experimental design has been proposed to investigate the hypothesized l-menthol-induced browning of WAT. If our hypothesis was to be confirmed, TRPM8/TRPA1-induced metabolic adaptations of WAT to BAT-like activity could provide a promising novel therapeutic approach for increasing energy expenditure, regulating body weight, and preventing obesity and its related co-morbidities in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Sakellariou
- Institute of Research and Technology Thessaly, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Trikala, Greece; FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Angelica Valente
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece; Department of Human Physiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andres E Carrillo
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece; Department of Exercise Science, Chatham University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - George S Metsios
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, Wolverhampton University, Walsall Campus, UK
| | - Liliya Nadolnik
- Institute of Biochemistry of Biologically Active Compounds, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Grodno, Belarus
| | - Athanasios Z Jamurtas
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Yiannis Koutedakis
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece; Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, Wolverhampton University, Walsall Campus, UK
| | - Cesar Boguszewski
- Endocrine Division (SEMPR), Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Per-Arne Svensson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nair Honda Kawashita
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Andreas D Flouris
- Institute of Research and Technology Thessaly, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Trikala, Greece; FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece.
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77
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Sun W, Uchida K, Suzuki Y, Zhou Y, Kim M, Takayama Y, Takahashi N, Goto T, Wakabayashi S, Kawada T, Iwata Y, Tominaga M. Lack of TRPV2 impairs thermogenesis in mouse brown adipose tissue. EMBO Rep 2016; 17:383-99. [PMID: 26882545 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201540819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT), a major site for mammalian non-shivering thermogenesis, could be a target for prevention and treatment of human obesity. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2), a Ca(2+)-permeable non-selective cation channel, plays vital roles in the regulation of various cellular functions. Here, we show that TRPV2 is expressed in brown adipocytes and that mRNA levels of thermogenic genes are reduced in both cultured brown adipocytes and BAT from TRPV2 knockout (TRPV2KO) mice. The induction of thermogenic genes in response to β-adrenergic receptor stimulation is also decreased in TRPV2KO brown adipocytes and suppressed by reduced intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations in wild-type brown adipocytes. In addition, TRPV2KO mice have more white adipose tissue and larger brown adipocytes and show cold intolerance, and lower BAT temperature increases in response to β-adrenergic receptor stimulation. Furthermore, TRPV2KO mice have increased body weight and fat upon high-fat-diet treatment. Based on these findings, we conclude that TRPV2 has a role in BAT thermogenesis and could be a target for human obesity therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuping Sun
- Division of Cell Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), Okazaki, Japan Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Kunitoshi Uchida
- Division of Cell Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), Okazaki, Japan Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Suzuki
- Division of Cell Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), Okazaki, Japan Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Yiming Zhou
- Division of Cell Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Minji Kim
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University, Uji, Japan
| | - Yasunori Takayama
- Division of Cell Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), Okazaki, Japan Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takahashi
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University, Uji, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Goto
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University, Uji, Japan
| | - Shigeo Wakabayashi
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Teruo Kawada
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University, Uji, Japan
| | - Yuko Iwata
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Tominaga
- Division of Cell Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), Okazaki, Japan Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Japan
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79
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Abstract
Low-grade inflammation in the obese AT (AT) and the liver is a critical player in the development of obesity-related metabolic dysregulation, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Myeloid as well as lymphoid cells infiltrate the AT and the liver and expand within these metabolic organs as a result of excessive nutrient intake, thereby exacerbating tissue inflammation. Macrophages are the paramount cell population in the field of metabolism-related inflammation; as obesity progresses, a switch takes place within the AT environment from an M2-alternatively activated macrophage state to an M1-inflammatory macrophage-dominated milieu. M1-polarized macrophages secrete inflammatory cytokines like TNF in the obese AT; such cytokines contribute to insulin resistance in adipocytes. Besides macrophages, also CD8+ T cells promote inflammation in the AT and the liver and thereby the deterioration of the metabolic balance in adipocytes and hepatocytes. Other cells of the innate immunity, such as neutrophils or mast cells, interfere with metabolic homeostasis as well. On the other hand, eosinophils or T-regulatory cells, the number of which in the AT decreases in the course of obesity, function to maintain metabolic balance by ameliorating inflammatory processes. In addition, eosinophils and M2-polarized macrophages may contribute to "beige" adipogenesis under lean conditions; beige adipocytes are located predominantly in the subcutaneous AT and have thermogenic and optimal energy-dispensing properties like brown adipocytes. This chapter will summarize the different aspects of the regulation of homeostasis of metabolic tissues by immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, German Center for Diabetes Research, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, German Center for Diabetes Research, Dresden, Germany
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80
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Valente A, Carrillo AE, Tzatzarakis MN, Vakonaki E, Tsatsakis AM, Kenny GP, Koutedakis Y, Jamurtas AZ, Flouris AD. The absorption and metabolism of a single L-menthol oral versus skin administration: Effects on thermogenesis and metabolic rate. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 86:262-73. [PMID: 26429629 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the absorption and metabolism pharmacokinetics of a single L-menthol oral versus skin administration and the effects on human thermogenesis and metabolic rate. Twenty healthy adults were randomly distributed into oral (capsule) and skin (gel) groups and treated with 10 mg kg(-1) L-menthol (ORALMENT; SKINMENT) or control (lactose capsule: ORALCON; water application: SKINCON) in a random order on two different days. Levels of serum L-menthol increased similarly in ORALMENT and SKINMENT (p > 0.05). L-menthol glucuronidation was greater in ORALMENT than SKINMENT (p < 0.05). Cutaneous vasoconstriction, rectal temperature and body heat storage showed greater increase following SKINMENT compared to ORALMENT and control conditions (p < 0.05). Metabolic rate increased from baseline by 18% in SKINMENT and 10% in ORALMENT and respiratory exchange ratio decreased more in ORALMENT (5.4%) than SKINMENT (4.8%) compared to control conditions (p < 0.05). Levels of plasma adiponectin and leptin as well as heart rate variability were similar to control following either treatment (p > 0.05). Participants reported no cold, shivering, discomfort, stress or skin irritation. We conclude that a single L-menthol skin administration increased thermogenesis and metabolic rate in humans. These effects are minor following L-menthol oral administration probably due to faster glucuronidation and greater blood menthol glucuronide levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Valente
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Andres E Carrillo
- Department of Exercise Science, Chatham University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - Manolis N Tzatzarakis
- Centre of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Centre of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Centre of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Glen P Kenny
- Human and Environmental Physiological Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yiannis Koutedakis
- School of Physical Education and Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Greece; Institute of Sport, Faculty of Education, Health, and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, WV1 1LY, UK
| | | | - Andreas D Flouris
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece; Human and Environmental Physiological Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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81
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Merlin J, Evans BA, Dehvari N, Sato M, Bengtsson T, Hutchinson DS. Could burning fat start with a brite spark? Pharmacological and nutritional ways to promote thermogenesis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jon Merlin
- Drug Discovery Biology; Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Monash University; Parkville Australia
| | - Bronwyn A. Evans
- Drug Discovery Biology; Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Monash University; Parkville Australia
| | - Nodi Dehvari
- Department of Molecular Biosciences; The Wenner-Gren Institute; Stockholm University; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Masaaki Sato
- Drug Discovery Biology; Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Monash University; Parkville Australia
- Department of Pharmacology; Monash University; Clayton Australia
| | - Tore Bengtsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences; The Wenner-Gren Institute; Stockholm University; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Dana S. Hutchinson
- Drug Discovery Biology; Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Monash University; Parkville Australia
- Department of Pharmacology; Monash University; Clayton Australia
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Non-sympathetic control of brown adipose tissue. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY SUPPLEMENTS 2015; 5:S40-4. [PMID: 27152175 DOI: 10.1038/ijosup.2015.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The thermogenic activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in the organism is tightly regulated through different processes, from short-term induction of uncoupling protein-1-mediated mitochondrial proton conductance to complex processes of BAT recruitment, and appearance of the beige/brite adipocytes in white adipose tissue (WAT), the so-called browning process. The sympathetic nervous system is classically recognized as the main mediator of BAT activation. However, novel factors capable of activating BAT through non-sympathetic mechanisms have been recently identified. Among them are members of the bone morphogenetic protein family, with likely autocrine actions, and activators of nuclear hormone receptors, especially vitamin A derivatives. Multiple endocrine factors released by peripheral tissues that act on BAT have also been identified. Some are natriuretic peptides of cardiac origin, whereas others include irisin, originating in skeletal muscle, and fibroblast growth factor-21, mainly produced in the liver. These factors have cell-autonomous effects in brown adipocytes, but indirect effects in vivo that modulate sympathetic activity toward BAT cannot be excluded. Moreover, these factors can affect to different extents such as the activation of existing BAT, the induction of browning in WAT or both. The identification of non-sympathetic controllers of BAT activity is of special biomedical interest as a prerequisite for developing pharmacological tools that influence BAT activity without the side effects of sympathomimetics.
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83
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Wang H, Siemens J. TRP ion channels in thermosensation, thermoregulation and metabolism. Temperature (Austin) 2015; 2:178-87. [PMID: 27227022 PMCID: PMC4843888 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2015.1040604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, the TRP superfamily of cation channels includes 27 related molecules that respond to a remarkable variety of chemical and physical stimuli. While physiological roles for many TRP channels remain unknown, over the past years several have been shown to function as molecular sensors in organisms ranging from yeast to humans. In particular, TRP channels are now known to constitute important components of sensory systems, where they participate in the detection or transduction of osmotic, mechanical, thermal, or chemosensory stimuli. We here summarize our current understanding of the role individual members of this versatile receptor family play in thermosensation and thermoregulation, and also touch upon their immerging role in metabolic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology; University of Heidelberg ; Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Siemens
- Department of Pharmacology; University of Heidelberg ; Heidelberg, Germany
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84
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O'Brien KA, Griffin JL, Murray AJ, Edwards LM. Mitochondrial responses to extreme environments: insights from metabolomics. EXTREME PHYSIOLOGY & MEDICINE 2015; 4:7. [PMID: 25949809 PMCID: PMC4422479 DOI: 10.1186/s13728-015-0026-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Humans are capable of survival in a remarkable range of environments, including the extremes of temperature and altitude as well as zero gravity. Investigation into physiological function in response to such environmental stresses may help further our understanding of human (patho-) physiology both at a systems level and in certain disease states, making it a highly relevant field of study. This review focuses on the application of metabolomics in assessing acclimatisation to these states, particularly the insights this approach can provide into mitochondrial function. It includes an overview of metabolomics and the associated analytical tools and also suggests future avenues of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A O'Brien
- Centre of Human & Aerospace Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Julian L Griffin
- MRC Human Nutrition Research Unit, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, England ; Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew J Murray
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lindsay M Edwards
- Centre of Human & Aerospace Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK ; Fibrosis Drug Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
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85
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Kern PA, Finlin BS, Zhu B, Rasouli N, McGehee RE, Westgate PM, Dupont-Versteegden EE. The effects of temperature and seasons on subcutaneous white adipose tissue in humans: evidence for thermogenic gene induction. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E2772-9. [PMID: 25299843 PMCID: PMC4255113 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-2440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity is increased by a cold environment, little is known of the response of human white adipose tissue (WAT) to the cold. DESIGN We examined both abdominal and thigh subcutaneous (SC) WAT from 71 subjects who were biopsied in the summer or winter, and adipose expression was assessed after an acute cold stimulus applied to the thigh of physically active young subjects. RESULTS In winter, UCP1 and PGC1α mRNA were increased 4 to 10-fold (p < 0.05) and 1.5 to 2-fold, respectively, along with beige adipose markers, and UCP1 protein was 3-fold higher in the winter. The seasonal increase in abdominal SC WAT UCP1 mRNA was considerably diminished in subjects with a BMI > 30 kg/m(2), suggesting that dysfunctional WAT in obesity inhibits adipose thermogenesis. After applying an acute cold stimulus to the thigh of subjects for 30 min, PGC1α and UCP1 mRNA was stimulated 2.7-fold (p < 0.05) and 1.9-fold (p = 0.07), respectively. Acute cold also induced a 2 to 3-fold increase in PGC1α and UCP1 mRNA in human adipocytes in vitro, which was inhibited by macrophage-conditioned medium and by the addition of TNFα. CONCLUSION Human SC WAT increases thermogenic genes seasonally and acutely in response to a cold stimulus and this response is inhibited by obesity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Kern
- Department of Medicine (P.A.K., B.S.F., B.Z.), Division of Endocrinology, and the Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536; Division of Endocrinology (N.R.), University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80220; Eastern Colorado Veterans Health Care System (N.R.), Denver, Colorado 80220; Department of Pediatrics (R.E.M.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; College of Public Health (P.M.W.) and College of Health Sciences (E.E.D-V.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
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