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de Oliveira PSL, Ferraz FAN, Pena DA, Pramio DT, Morais FA, Schechtman D. Revisiting protein kinase-substrate interactions: Toward therapeutic development. Sci Signal 2016; 9:re3. [PMID: 27016527 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aad4016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the efforts of pharmaceutical companies to develop specific kinase modulators, few drugs targeting kinases have been completely successful in the clinic. This is primarily due to the conserved nature of kinases, especially in the catalytic domains. Consequently, many currently available inhibitors lack sufficient selectivity for effective clinical application. Kinases phosphorylate their substrates to modulate their activity. One of the important steps in the catalytic reaction of protein phosphorylation is the correct positioning of the target residue within the catalytic site. This positioning is mediated by several regions in the substrate binding site, which is typically a shallow crevice that has critical subpockets that anchor and orient the substrate. The structural characterization of this protein-protein interaction can aid in the elucidation of the roles of distinct kinases in different cellular processes, the identification of substrates, and the development of specific inhibitors. Because the region of the substrate that is recognized by the kinase can be part of a linear consensus motif or a nonlinear motif, advances in technology beyond simple linear sequence scanning for consensus motifs were needed. Cost-effective bioinformatics tools are already frequently used to predict kinase-substrate interactions for linear consensus motifs, and new tools based on the structural data of these interactions improve the accuracy of these predictions and enable the identification of phosphorylation sites within nonlinear motifs. In this Review, we revisit kinase-substrate interactions and discuss the various approaches that can be used to identify them and analyze their binding structures for targeted drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Sérgio L de Oliveira
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Felipe Augusto N Ferraz
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Darlene A Pena
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508000, Brazil
| | - Dimitrius T Pramio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508000, Brazil
| | - Felipe A Morais
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508000, Brazil
| | - Deborah Schechtman
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508000, Brazil.
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Editors T. Muscle Decline in Aging and Neuromuscular Disorders - Mechanisms and Countermeasures: Terme Euganee, Padova (Italy), April 13-16, 2016. Eur J Transl Myol 2016; 26:5904. [PMID: 27054021 PMCID: PMC4821223 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2016.5904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Not available.
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Wang TY, Sun Y, Muthukrishnan N, Erazo-Oliveras A, Najjar K, Pellois JP. Membrane Oxidation Enables the Cytosolic Entry of Polyarginine Cell-penetrating Peptides. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:7902-14. [PMID: 26888085 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.711564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine-rich peptides can penetrate cells and consequently be used as delivery agents in various cellular applications. The activity of these reagents is often context-dependent, and the parameters that impact cell entry are not fully understood, giving rise to variability and limiting progress toward their usage. Herein, we report that the cytosolic penetration of linear polyarginine peptides is dependent on the oxidation state of the cell. In particular, we find that hypoxia and cellular antioxidants inhibit cell penetration. In contrast, oxidants promote cytosolic cell entry with an efficiency proportional to the level of reactive oxygen species generated within membranes. Moreover, an antibody that binds to oxidized lipids inhibits cell penetration, whereas extracellularly administered pure oxidized lipids enhance peptide transport into cells. Overall, these data indicate that oxidized lipids are capable of mediating the transport of polyarginine peptides across membranes. These data may also explain variability in cell-penetrating peptide performance in different experimental conditions. These new findings therefore provide new opportunities for the rational design of future cell-permeable compounds and for the optimization of delivery protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yi Wang
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2128
| | - Yusha Sun
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2128
| | - Nandhini Muthukrishnan
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2128
| | - Alfredo Erazo-Oliveras
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2128
| | - Kristina Najjar
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2128
| | - Jean-Philippe Pellois
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2128
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Zaro JL, Shen WC. Cationic and amphipathic cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs): Their structures and in vivo studies in drug delivery. Front Chem Sci Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-015-1538-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Abstract
RNA interference or post-transcriptional gene silencing is one of the latest, innovative, highly specific, and efficient technologies for gene therapy application in molecular oncology. It is already a well-established research tool for analyses of molecular mechanisms for various diseases including cancer as it efficiently silences the expression of genes of interest. However, for its proper therapeutic use, an efficient tumor-specific in-vivo delivery mechanism is essential. Many scientific groups and companies are involved in the development of efficient in-vivo delivery mechanisms for small interfering RNA, but are still struggling. The present article suggests utilization of albumin as a delivery module for small interfering RNA as it is an endogenous natural nanoparticle known for its binding properties to various endogenous metabolites, drugs, and metal ions.
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Colombo M, Mizzotti C, Masiero S, Kater MM, Pesaresi P. Peptide aptamers: The versatile role of specific protein function inhibitors in plant biotechnology. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 57:892-901. [PMID: 25966787 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, peptide aptamers have emerged as novel molecular tools that have attracted the attention of researchers in various fields of basic and applied science, ranging from medicine to analytical chemistry. These artificial short peptides are able to specifically bind, track, and inhibit a given target molecule with high affinity, even molecules with poor immunogenicity or high toxicity, and represent a remarkable alternative to antibodies in many different applications. Their use is on the rise, driven mainly by the medical and pharmaceutical sector. Here we discuss the enormous potential of peptide aptamers in both basic and applied aspects of plant biotechnology and food safety. The different peptide aptamer selection methods available both in vivo and in vitro are introduced, and the most important possible applications in plant biotechnology are illustrated. In particular, we discuss the generation of broad-based virus resistance in crops, "reverse genetics" and aptasensors in bioassays for detecting contaminations in food and feed. Furthermore, we suggest an alternative to the transfer of peptide aptamers into plant cells via genetic transformation, based on the use of cell-penetrating peptides that overcome the limits imposed by both crop transformation and Genetically Modified Organism commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Colombo
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige (Trento), Italy
| | - Chiara Mizzotti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Simona Masiero
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Martin M Kater
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Pesaresi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
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Relja B, Weber R, Maraslioglu M, Wagner N, Borsello T, Jobin C, Marzi I, Lehnert M. Differential Relevance of NF-κB and JNK in the Pathophysiology of Hemorrhage/Resususcitation-Induced Liver Injury after Chronic Ethanol Feeding. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137875. [PMID: 26367181 PMCID: PMC4569329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic ethanol (EtOH) abuse worsens pathophysiological derangements after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (H/R) that induce hepatic injury and strong inflammatory changes via JNK and NF-κB activation. Inhibiting JNK with a cell-penetrating, protease-resistant peptide D-JNKI-1 after H/R in mice with healthy livers ameliorated these effects. Here, we studied if JNK inhibition by D-JNKI-1 in chronically EtOH-fed mice after hemorrhagic shock prior to the onset of resuscitation also confers protection. METHODS Male mice were fed a Lieber-DeCarli diet containing EtOH or an isocaloric control (ctrl) diet for 4 weeks. Animals were hemorrhaged for 90 min (32 ± 2 mm Hg) and randomly received either D-JNKI-1 (11 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, i. p.) or sterile saline as vehicle (veh) immediately before the onset of resuscitation. Sham animals underwent surgical procedures without H/R and were either D-JNKI-1 or veh treated. Two hours after resuscitation, blood samples and liver tissue were harvested. RESULTS H/R induced hepatic injury with increased systemic interleukin (IL)-6 levels, and enhanced local gene expression of NF-κB-controlled genes such as intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)9. c-Jun and NF-κB phosphorylation were increased after H/R. These effects were further increased in EtOH-fed mice after H/R. D-JNKI-1 application inhibited the proinflammatory changes and reduced significantly hepatic injury after H/R in ctrl-fed mice. Moreover, D-JNKI-1 reduces in ctrl-fed mice the H/R-induced c-Jun and NF-κB phosphorylation. However, in chronically EtOH-fed mice, JNK inhibition did not prevent the H/R-induced hepatic damage and proinflammatory changes nor c-Jun and NF-κB phosphorylation after H/R. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate, that JNK inhibition is protective only in not pre-harmed liver after H/R. In contrast, the pronounced H/R-induced liver damage in mice being chronically fed with ethanol cannot be prevented by JNK inhibition after H/R and seems to be under the control of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borna Relja
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Roxane Weber
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Miriam Maraslioglu
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nils Wagner
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tiziana Borsello
- Neuronal Death and Neuroprotection Unit, Instituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano, Italy
| | - Christian Jobin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ingo Marzi
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mark Lehnert
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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Zhou Z, Li Y, Yuan C, Zhang Y, Qu L. Oral Administration of TAT-PTD-Diapause Hormone Fusion Protein Interferes With Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Development. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2015; 15:iev102. [PMID: 26320262 PMCID: PMC4672221 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iev102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Diapause hormone (DH), which can terminate diapause in Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), has shown promise as a pest control method. However, the main challenge in using DH as an insecticide lies in achieving effective oral delivery, since the peptide may be degraded by digestive enzymes in the gut. To improve the efficacy of oral DH application, the Clostera anastomosis (L.) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) diapause hormone (caDH) was fused to the Protein Transduction Domain (PTD) of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 transactivator of transcription (TAT). Cellular transduction of TAT-caDH was verified with the use of a green fluorescent protein fusion, and its ability to terminate diapause was verified by injection into diapausing H. armigera pupae. Orally administered TAT-caDH resulted in larval growth inhibition. In TAT-caDH-treated insects, larval duration was delayed and the pupation rates were decreased at both development promoting conditions [27 °C, a photoperiod of 14:10(L:D) h] and diapause inducing conditions [20 °C, a photoperiod of 10:14(L:D) h]. No significant difference in diapause rate was observed between the TAT-caDH-treated and caDH-treated or control pupae maintained at diapause inducing conditions. Our results show that treatment with a recombinant TAT-caDH protein can affect larval development in H. armigera, and it suggest that TAT-DH treatment may be useful for controlling pests. This study is the first record of oral DH application in insect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhou
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongli Li
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Yuan
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongan Zhang
- Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangjian Qu
- Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, People's Republic of China
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Chen S, Li Q, Xu Y, Li H, Ding X. Gold Nanorods Bioconjugates for Intracellular Delivery and Cancer Cell Apoptosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20:418-22. [DOI: 10.1177/2211068215576871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Sato Y, Nakamura T, Yamada Y, Akita H, Harashima H. Multifunctional enveloped nanodevices (MENDs). ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2015; 88:139-204. [PMID: 25409606 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800148-6.00006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is anticipated that nucleic acid medicines will be in widespread use in the future, since they have the potential to cure diseases based on molecular mechanisms at the level of gene expression. However, intelligent delivery systems are required to achieve nucleic acid therapy, since they can perform their function only when they reach the intracellular site of action. We have been developing a multifunctional envelope-type nanodevice abbreviated as MEND, which consists of functional nucleic acids as a core and lipid envelope, and can control not only biodistribution but also the intracellular trafficking of nucleic acids. In this chapter, we review the development and evolution of the MEND by providing several successful examples, including the R8-MEND, the KALA-MEND, the MITO-Porter, the YSK-MEND, and the PALM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo City, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo City, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuma Yamada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo City, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Akita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo City, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hideyoshi Harashima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo City, Hokkaido, Japan
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Sridhar A, Srikanth B, Kumar A, Dasmahapatra AK. Coarse-grain molecular dynamics study of fullerene transport across a cell membrane. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:024907. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4926668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Chen B, Xu W, Pan R, Chen P. Design and characterization of a new peptide vector for short interfering RNA delivery. J Nanobiotechnology 2015; 13:39. [PMID: 26054932 PMCID: PMC4459685 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-015-0098-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference holds tremendous potential as one of the most powerful therapeutic strategies. However, the properties of short interfering RNA (siRNA), such as hydrophilicity, negative charge, and instability in serum have limited its applications; therefore, significant efforts have been undertaken to improve its cellular uptake. Cell penetrating peptides have been utilized to deliver various biologically active molecules, such as proteins, liposomes, nanoparticles, peptide nucleic acids, and recently small interfering RNAs. Here, we introduce a new cell penetrating peptide GL1(Ac-GLWRAWLWKAFLASNWRRLLRLLR-NH2) to improve the intracellular uptake of siRNA. This peptide consists of four tryptophan residues that facilitated its binding with the cell membrane, five arginine residues and one lysine residue which are positively charged at physiological pH, which induced the formation of peptide-siRNA complexes and enhanced the affinity of the peptide and cell membrane. Moreover, GL1 adopted helical secondary structure due to the altered distribution of polar and nonpolar residues in the sequence. In this study, we investigated the effect of peptide/siRNA molar ratio on the particle size, surface charge, secondary structure, and uptake efficiency. The results showed that GL1 formed stable complexes with siRNA mainly through electrostatic interaction and hydrophobic interaction, and the complexes displayed a spherical shape with the size of ~100 nm and positive surface charge. Utilizing the techniques of fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, the intracellular localization of Cy3-labeled GAPDH siRNA was visualized and the cellular uptake was quantified. It is worth noting that in the serum free environment, compared to Lipofectamine 2000, GL1 achieved higher cellular uptake of siRNA (~95%); in the presence of serum, GL1 retained the same level of siRNA cellular uptake (~84%) as Lipofectamine 2000. In addition, the viability of cells treated by GL1 in all studied molar ratios was >85%, which was significantly higher than that treated by Lipofectamine 2000 (~70%). Taken together, the peptide GL1 demonstrated promise as a siRNA delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoling Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Ran Pan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - P Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Brugnano J, Ward BC, Panitch A. Cell penetrating peptides can exert biological activity: a review. Biomol Concepts 2015; 1:109-16. [PMID: 25961990 DOI: 10.1515/bmc.2010.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been successful in delivering cargo into many different cell types and are an important alternative to other methods of permeation that might damage the integrity of the cell membrane. The traditional view of CPPs is that they are inert molecules that can be successfully used to deliver many cargos intracellularly. The goal of this review is to challenge this traditional understanding of CPPs. Recent literature has demonstrated that CPPs themselves can convey biological activity, including the alteration of gene expression and inhibition of protein kinases and proteolytic activity. Further characterization of CPPs is required to determine the extent of this activity. Research into the use of CPPs for intracellular delivery should continue with investigators being aware of these recent results.
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Abstract
The current therapeutic strategies are not efficient in treating disorders related to the central nervous system (CNS) and have only shown partial alleviation of symptoms, as opposed to, disease modifying effects. With change in population demographics, the incidence of CNS disorders, especially neurodegenerative diseases, is expected to rise dramatically. Current treatment regimens are associated with severe side-effects, especially given that most of these are chronic therapies and involve elderly population. In this review, we highlight the challenges and opportunities in delivering newer and more effective bio-therapeutic agents for the treatment of CNS disorders. Bio-therapeutics like proteins, peptides, monoclonal antibodies, growth factors, and nucleic acids are thought to have a profound effect on halting the progression of neurodegenerative disorders and also provide a unique function of restoring damaged cells. We provide a review of the nano-sized formulation-based drug delivery systems and alternate modes of delivery, like the intranasal route, to carry bio-therapeutics effectively to the brain.
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Kizil C, Iltzsche A, Thomas AK, Bhattarai P, Zhang Y, Brand M. Efficient Cargo Delivery into Adult Brain Tissue Using Short Cell-Penetrating Peptides. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124073. [PMID: 25894337 PMCID: PMC4403811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish brains can regenerate lost neurons upon neurogenic activity of the radial glial progenitor cells (RGCs) that reside at the ventricular region. Understanding the molecular events underlying this ability is of great interest for translational studies of regenerative medicine. Therefore, functional analyses of gene function in RGCs and neurons are essential. Using cerebroventricular microinjection (CVMI), RGCs can be targeted efficiently but the penetration capacity of the injected molecules reduces dramatically in deeper parts of the brain tissue, such as the parenchymal regions that contain the neurons. In this report, we tested the penetration efficiency of five known cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) and identified two- polyR and Trans - that efficiently penetrate the brain tissue without overt toxicity in a dose-dependent manner as determined by TUNEL staining and L-Plastin immunohistochemistry. We also found that polyR peptide can help carry plasmid DNA several cell diameters into the brain tissue after a series of coupling reactions using DBCO-PEG4-maleimide-based Michael's addition and azide-mediated copper-free click reaction. Combined with the advantages of CVMI, such as rapidness, reproducibility, and ability to be used in adult animals, CPPs improve the applicability of the CVMI technique to deeper parts of the central nervous system tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caghan Kizil
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden within the Helmholtz Association, Arnoldstr. 18, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD) – Cluster of Excellence, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 105, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Iltzsche
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD) – Cluster of Excellence, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 105, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alvin Kuriakose Thomas
- B-CUBE, Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Arnoldstr. 18, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Prabesh Bhattarai
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden within the Helmholtz Association, Arnoldstr. 18, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yixin Zhang
- B-CUBE, Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Arnoldstr. 18, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Brand
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD) – Cluster of Excellence, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 105, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Biotechnology Center of the TU Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- * E-mail:
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MD11-mediated delivery of recombinant eIF3f induces melanoma and colorectal carcinoma cell death. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2015; 2:14056. [PMID: 26052528 PMCID: PMC4448995 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2014.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The f subunit of the eukaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF3f) is downregulated in several cancers and in particular in melanoma and pancreatic cancer cells. Its enforced expression by transient gene transfection negatively regulates cancer cell growth by activating apoptosis. With the aim to increase the intracellular level of eIF3f proteins and activate apoptosis in cancer cell lines, we developed a protein transfer system composed of a cell-penetrating peptide sequence fused to eIF3f protein sequence (MD11-eIF3f). To determine whether exogenously administered eIF3f proteins were able to compensate the loss of endogenous eIF3f and induce cancer cell death, we analyzed the therapeutic action of MD11-eIF3f in several tumor cells. We identified four cell lines respondent to eIF3f-treatment and we evaluated the antitumor properties of the recombinant proteins using dose- and time-dependent studies. Our results demonstrate that this protein delivery approach represents an innovative and powerful strategy for cancer treatment.
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Liu SP, Hsu CY, Fu RH, Huang YC, Chen SY, Lin SZ, Shyu WC. Sambucus williamsii induced embryonic stem cells differentiated into neurons. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2015; 5:3. [PMID: 25705583 PMCID: PMC4331611 DOI: 10.7603/s40681-015-0003-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The pluripotent stem cells, including embryonic stem cells (ESCs), are capable of self-renewal and differentiation into any cell type, thus making them the focus of many clinical application studies. However, the efficiency of ESCs differentiated into neurons needs to improve. In this study, we tried to increase efficiently to a neural fate in the presence of various transitional Chinese medicines through a three-step differentiation strategy. From extracts of 10 transitional Chinese medicine candidates, we determined that Sambucus williamsii (SW) extract triggers the up-regulation of Nestin and Tuj1 (neuron cells markers) gene expression levels. After determining the different concentrations of SW extract, the number of neurons in the 200 μg/ml SW extract group was higher than the control, 50, 100, and 400 μg/ml SW extract groups. In addition, the number of neurons in the 200 μg/ml SW extract group was higher and higher after each time passage (three times). We also detected the Oct4, Sox2 (stem cells markers), Tuj1, and Nestin genes expression levels by RT-PCR. In the differentiated process, Oct4 and Sox2 genes decreased while the Tuj1 and Nestin genes expression levels increased. In summary, we demonstrated that SW could induce pluripotent stem cells differentiated into neurons. Thus, SW might become a powerful material for neurons–differentiating strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ping Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, 404 Taichung, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, 404 No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan ; Department of Social Work, Asia University, 413 Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, 404 No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Huei Fu
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, 404 Taichung, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, 404 Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuen Huang
- Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, 404 Taichung, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 404 Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yin Chen
- Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, 404 Taichung, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 404 Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, 404 Taichung, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, 404 Taichung, Taiwan ; Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Beigan Hospital, 651 Yunlin, Taiwan ; Department of Neurosurgery, Tainan Municipal An-Nan Hospital-China Medical University, 709 Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Cherng Shyu
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, 404 Taichung, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, 404 Taichung, Taiwan
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68
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Zhang R, Yang XZ, Wang JW, Fu LY, Zhao J, Wang FJ. Evaluating the translocation properties of a new nuclear targeted penetrating peptide using two fluorescent markers. J Drug Target 2015; 23:444-52. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2014.1003068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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69
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Image-Guided Delivery of Therapeutics to the Brain. ADVANCES IN DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-11355-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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70
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Elsner MB, Herold HM, Müller-Herrmann S, Bargel H, Scheibel T. Enhanced cellular uptake of engineered spider silk particles. Biomater Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4bm00401a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery systems allow tissue/cell specific targeting of drugs in order to reduce total drug amounts administered to an organism and potential side effects upon systemic drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina B. Elsner
- Lehrstuhl Biomaterialien
- Universitätsstraße 30
- Universität Bayreuth
- Bayreuth D-95447
- Germany
| | - Heike M. Herold
- Lehrstuhl Biomaterialien
- Universitätsstraße 30
- Universität Bayreuth
- Bayreuth D-95447
- Germany
| | | | - Hendrik Bargel
- Lehrstuhl Biomaterialien
- Universitätsstraße 30
- Universität Bayreuth
- Bayreuth D-95447
- Germany
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- Lehrstuhl Biomaterialien
- Universitätsstraße 30
- Universität Bayreuth
- Bayreuth D-95447
- Germany
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71
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Hosseinkhani H, Abedini F, Ou KL, Domb AJ. Polymers in gene therapy technology. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Hosseinkhani
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering; National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (Taiwan Tech); Taipei 10607 Taiwan
- Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine; National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (Taiwan Tech); Taipei 10607 Taiwan
- Research Center for Biomedical Devices and Prototyping Production, Research Center for Biomedical Implants and Microsurgery Devices, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Department of Dentistry; Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital; Taipei 235 Taiwan
| | - Fatemeh Abedini
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute; Karaj Alborz IRAN
| | - Keng-Liang Ou
- Research Center for Biomedical Devices and Prototyping Production, Research Center for Biomedical Implants and Microsurgery Devices, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Department of Dentistry; Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital; Taipei 235 Taiwan
| | - Abraham J. Domb
- Institute of Drug Research, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy-Faculty of Medicine; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem 91120 Israel
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72
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Fan CH, Yeh CK. Microbubble-enhanced Focused Ultrasound-induced Blood–brain Barrier Opening for Local and Transient Drug Delivery in Central Nervous System Disease. J Med Ultrasound 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmu.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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73
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Jobin ML, Alves ID. On the importance of electrostatic interactions between cell penetrating peptides and membranes: A pathway toward tumor cell selectivity? Biochimie 2014; 107 Pt A:154-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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74
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The role of tryptophans on the cellular uptake and membrane interaction of arginine-rich cell penetrating peptides. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1848:593-602. [PMID: 25445669 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPP) are able to efficiently transport cargos across cell membranes without being cytotoxic to cells, thus present a great potential in drug delivery and diagnosis. While the role of cationic residues in CPPs has been well studied, that of Trp is still not clear. Herein 7 peptide analogs of RW9 (RRWWRRWRR, an efficient CPP) were synthesized in which Trp were systematically replaced by Phe residues. Quantification of cellular uptake reveals that substitution of Trp by Phe strongly reduces the internalization of all peptides despite the fact that they strongly accumulate in the cell membrane. Cellular internalization and biophysical studies show that not only the number of Trp residues but also their positioning in the helix and the size of the hydrophobic face they form are important for their internalization efficacy, the highest uptake occurring for the analog with 3 Trp residues. Using CD and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy we observe that all peptides became structured in contact with lipids, mainly in α-helix. Intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence studies indicate that all peptides partition in the membrane in about the same manner (Kp~10(5)) and that they are located just below the lipid headgroups (~10 Å) with slightly different insertion depths for the different analogs. Plasmon Waveguide Resonance studies reveal a direct correlation between the number of Trp residues and the reversibility of the interaction following membrane washing. Thus a more interfacial location of the CPP renders the interaction with the membrane more adjustable and transitory enhancing its internalization ability.
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75
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Efficient Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells Toward Dopaminergic Neurons Using Recombinant LMX1A Factor. Mol Biotechnol 2014; 57:184-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-014-9814-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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76
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Low molecular weight protamine (LMWP): A nontoxic protamine substitute and an effective cell-penetrating peptide. J Control Release 2014; 193:63-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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77
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Sawyer TK, Guerlavais V, Darlak K, Feyfant E. Macrocyclic α-Helical Peptide Drug Discovery. MACROCYCLES IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782623113-00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Macrocyclic α-helical peptides have emerged as a promising new drug class and within the scope of hydrocarbon-stapled peptides such molecules have advanced into the clinic. The overarching concept of designing proteomimetics of an α-helical ‘ligand’ which binds its cognate ‘target’ relative to α-helical interfacing protein-protein interactions has been well-validated and expanded through numerous investigations for a plethora of therapeutic targets oftentimes referred to as “undruggable” with respect to other modalities (e.g., small-molecule or proteins). This chapter highlights the evolution of macrocyclic α-helical peptides in terms of target space, biophysical and computational chemistry, structural diversity and synthesis, drug design and chemical biology. It is noteworthy that hydrocarbon-stapled peptides have successfully risen to the summit of such drug discovery campaigns.
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78
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Erazo-Oliveras A, Najjar K, Dayani L, Wang TY, Johnson GA, Pellois JP. Protein delivery into live cells by incubation with an endosomolytic agent. Nat Methods 2014; 11:861-7. [PMID: 24930129 PMCID: PMC4131206 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.2998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We report that a tetramethylrhodamine-labeled dimer of the cell-penetrating peptide TAT, dfTAT, penetrates live cells by escaping from endosomes with high efficiency. By mediating endosomal leakage, dfTAT also delivers proteins into cultured cells after a simple co-incubation procedure. We achieved cytosolic delivery in several cell lines and primary cells and observed that only a relatively small amount of material remained trapped inside endosomes. Delivery did not require a binding interaction between dfTAT and a protein, multiple molecules could be delivered simultaneously, and delivery could be repeated. dfTAT-mediated delivery did not noticeably affect cell viability, cell proliferation or gene expression. dfTAT-based intracellular delivery should be useful for cell-based assays, cellular imaging applications and the ex vivo manipulation of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Erazo-Oliveras
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Kristina Najjar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Laila Dayani
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Ting-Yi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Gregory A. Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Jean-Philippe Pellois
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
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Abstract
Guanidinium-rich scaffolds facilitate cellular translocation and delivery of bioactive cargos through biological barriers. Although impressive uptake has been demonstrated for nonoligomeric and nonpept(o)idic guanidinylated scaffolds in cell cultures and animal models, the fundamental understanding of these processes is lacking. Charge pairing and hydrogen bonding with cell surface counterparts have been proposed, but their exact role remains putative. The impact of the number and spatial relationships of the guanidinium groups on delivery and organelle/organ localization is yet to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel Wexselblatt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Cellular and Molecular
Medicine, University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jeffrey
D. Esko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Cellular and Molecular
Medicine, University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Yitzhak Tor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Cellular and Molecular
Medicine, University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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80
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A proapoptotic peptide conjugated to penetratin selectively inhibits tumor cell growth. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:2087-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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81
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Suzuki Y, Jin C, Iwase T, Yazawa I. β-III Tubulin fragments inhibit α-synuclein accumulation in models of multiple system atrophy. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:24374-82. [PMID: 25028513 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.557215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by α-synuclein aggregation in oligodendrocytes and neurons. Using a transgenic mouse model overexpressing human α-synuclein in oligodendrocytes, we previously demonstrated that oligodendrocytic α-synuclein inclusions induce neuronal α-synuclein accumulation and progressive neuronal degeneration. α-Synuclein binds to β-III tubulin, leading to the neuronal accumulation of insoluble α-synuclein in an MSA mouse model. The present study demonstrates that α-synuclein co-localizes with β-III tubulin in the brain tissue from patients with MSA and MSA model transgenic mice as well as neurons cultured from these mice. Accumulation of insoluble α-synuclein in MSA mouse neurons was blocked by the peptide fragment β-III tubulin (residues 235-282). We have determined the α-synuclein-binding domain of β-III tubulin and demonstrated that a short fragment containing this domain can suppress α-synuclein accumulation in the primary cultured cells. Administration of a short α-synuclein-binding fragment of β-III tubulin may be a novel therapeutic strategy for MSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyo Suzuki
- From the Laboratory of Research Resources, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35 Gengo, Morioka, Obu-shi, Aichi 474-8511, Japan and
| | - Chenghua Jin
- From the Laboratory of Research Resources, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35 Gengo, Morioka, Obu-shi, Aichi 474-8511, Japan and
| | - Tamaki Iwase
- the Department of Neurology, Nagoya City Koseiin Medical Welfare Center, Aichi 465-8610, Japan
| | - Ikuru Yazawa
- From the Laboratory of Research Resources, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35 Gengo, Morioka, Obu-shi, Aichi 474-8511, Japan and
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82
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Sarkar G, Curran GL, Sarkaria JN, Lowe VJ, Jenkins RB. Peptide carrier-mediated non-covalent delivery of unmodified cisplatin, methotrexate and other agents via intravenous route to the brain. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97655. [PMID: 24847943 PMCID: PMC4029735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid pre-clinical evaluation of chemotherapeutic agents against brain cancers and other neurological disorders remains largely unattained due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which limits transport of most therapeutic compounds to the brain. A synthetic peptide carrier, K16ApoE, was previously developed that enabled transport of target proteins to the brain by mimicking a ligand-receptor system. The peptide carrier was found to generate transient BBB permeability, which was utilized for non-covalent delivery of cisplatin, methotrexate and other compounds to the brain. APPROACH Brain delivery of the chemotherapeutics and other agents was achieved either by injecting the carrier peptide and the drugs separately or as a mixture, to the femoral vein. A modification of the method comprised injection of K16ApoE pre-mixed with cetuximab, followed by injection of a 'small-molecule' drug. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Seven-of-seven different small molecules were successfully delivered to the brain via K16ApoE. Depending on the method, brain uptake with K16ApoE was 0.72-1.1% for cisplatin and 0.58-0.92% for methotrexate (34-50-fold and 54-92 fold greater for cisplatin and methotrexate, respectively, with K16ApoE than without). Visually intense brain-uptake of Evans Blue, Light Green SF and Crocein scarlet was also achieved. Direct intracranial injection of EB show locally restricted distribution of the dye in the brain, whereas K16ApoE-mediated intravenous injection of EB resulted in the distribution of the dye throughout the brain. Experiments with insulin suggest that ligand-receptor signaling intrinsic to the BBB provides a natural means for passive transport of some molecules across the BBB. SIGNIFICANCE The results suggest that the carrier peptide can non-covalently transport various chemotherapeutic agents to the brain. Thus, the method offers an avenue for pre-clinical evaluation of various small and large therapeutic molecules against brain tumors and other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gobinda Sarkar
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GS); (RJ)
| | - Geoffry L. Curran
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jann N. Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Val J. Lowe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Robert B. Jenkins
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GS); (RJ)
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83
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Stubinitzky C, Vilaivan T, Wagenknecht HA. The base discriminating potential of pyrrolidinyl PNA demonstrated by magnetic Fe(x)O(y) particles. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:3586-9. [PMID: 24777755 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00487f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pyrrolidinyl PNA was immobilized on Fe(x)O(y) magnetic particles and was able to capture and thereby discriminate single base alterations in DNA counterstrands better than DNA. The selectivities of matched vs. mismatched oligonucleotides measured by the absorption differences were up to 10-12 which are remarkable values for linear probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Stubinitzky
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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84
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Tang J, Zhang L, Fu H, Kuang Q, Gao H, Zhang Z, He Q. A detachable coating of cholesterol-anchored PEG improves tumor targeting of cell-penetrating peptide-modified liposomes. Acta Pharm Sin B 2014; 4:67-73. [PMID: 26579366 PMCID: PMC4590295 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been widely used to enhance the membrane translocation of various carriers for many years, but the non-specificity of CPPs seriously limits their utility in vivo. In this study, cholesterol-anchored, reduction-sensitive PEG (first synthesized by our laboratory) was applied to develop a co-modified liposome with improved tumor targeting. Following optimization of the formulation, the in vitro and in vivo properties of the co-modified liposome were evaluated. The co-modified liposome had a much lower cellular uptake and tumor spheroid uptake, but a much higher tumor accumulation compared to CPP-modified liposome, indicating the non-specific penetration of CPPs could be attenuated by the outer PEG coating. With the addition of exogenous reducing agent, both the in vitro and in vivo cellular uptake was markedly increased, demonstrating that the reduction-sensitive PEG coating achieved a controllable detachment from the surface of liposomes and did not affect the penetrating abilities of CPPs. The present results demonstrate that the combination of cholestervsitive PEG and CPPs is an ideal alternative for the application of CPP-modified carriers in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qin He
- Corresponding author at: West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, No. 17 Block 3 Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China. Tel./fax: +86 28 85502532.
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85
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Kasinathan N, Jagani HV, Alex AT, Volety SM, Rao JV. Strategies for drug delivery to the central nervous system by systemic route. Drug Deliv 2014; 22:243-57. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2013.878858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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86
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Dallas ML, Deuchars SA, Deuchars J. Immunopharmacology: utilizing antibodies as ion channel modulators. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2014; 3:281-9. [DOI: 10.1586/ecp.10.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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87
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Lee ES, Kim JH, Sim T, Youn YS, Lee BJ, Oh YT, Oh KT. A feasibility study of a pH sensitive nanomedicine using doxorubicin loaded poly(aspartic acid-graft-imidazole)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) micelles. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:1152-1159. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21379j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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88
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He H, Ye J, Wang Y, Liu Q, Chung HS, Kwon YM, Shin MC, Lee K, Yang VC. Cell-penetrating peptides meditated encapsulation of protein therapeutics into intact red blood cells and its application. J Control Release 2013; 176:123-132. [PMID: 24374002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) based drug carrier appears to be the most appealing for protein drugs due to their unmatched biocompatability, biodegradability, and long lifespan in the circulation. Numerous methods for encapsulating protein drugs into RBCs were developed, however, most of them induce partial disruption of the cell membrane, resulting in irreversible alterations in both physical and chemical properties of RBCs. Herein, we introduce a novel method for encapsulating proteins into intact RBCs, which was meditated by a cell penetrating peptide (CPP) developed in our lab-low molecular weight protamine (LMWP). l-asparaginase, one of the primary drugs used in treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), was chosen as a model protein to illustrate the encapsulation into erythrocytes mediated by CPPs. In addition current treatment of ALL using different l-asparaginase delivery and encapsulation methods as well as their associated problems were also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huining He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education (Fudan University), Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Junxiao Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yinsong Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China
| | - Quan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Hee Sun Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1065, USA
| | - Young Min Kwon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida 33328, USA
| | - Meong Cheol Shin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1065, USA
| | - Kyuri Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1065, USA
| | - Victor C Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1065, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine & College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, South Korea
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Martin DT, Steinbach JM, Liu J, Shimizu S, Kaimakliotis HZ, Wheeler MA, Hittelman AB, Mark Saltzman W, Weiss RM. Surface-modified nanoparticles enhance transurothelial penetration and delivery of survivin siRNA in treating bladder cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 13:71-81. [PMID: 24222663 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Penetration of the bladder permeability barrier (BPB) is a major challenge when treating bladder diseases via intravesical delivery. To increase transurothelial migration and tissue and tumor cell uptake, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid; PLGA) nanoparticles (NP) were modified by addition of a low molecular weight (2.5 or 20 kDa) positively charged mucoadhesive polysaccharide, chitosan, to the NP surface. In designing these NPs, we balanced the adhesive properties of chitosan with the release and bioactivity of the siRNA. Chitosan-functionalized NPs demonstrated increased binding to and uptake in intravesically instilled mouse bladders and human ureter at 10 times the level of unmodified NPs. Furthermore, we extended the bioactivity of survivin siRNA in vitro for up to 9 days and demonstrated a decrease in proliferation when using chitosan-modified NPs relative to unmodified NPs. In addition, treatment of xenograft tumors with chitosan-modified NPs that encapsulate survivin siRNA (NP-siSUR-CH2.5) resulted in a 65% reduction in tumor volume and a 75% decrease in survivin expression relative to tumors treated with blank chitosan NPs (NP-Bk-CH2.5). Our low molecular weight chitosan delivery system has the capacity to transport large amounts of siRNA across the urothelium and/or to the tumor site, thus increasing therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darryl T Martin
- Corresponding Author: Darryl T. Martin, Department of Urology, Yale University School of Medicine, 789 Howard Avenue, Fitkin 3, P.O. Box 208058, New Haven, CT 06520-8058.
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Noble GT, Stefanick JF, Ashley JD, Kiziltepe T, Bilgicer B. Ligand-targeted liposome design: challenges and fundamental considerations. Trends Biotechnol 2013; 32:32-45. [PMID: 24210498 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicine, particularly liposomal drug delivery, has expanded considerably over the past few decades, and several liposomal drugs are already providing improved clinical outcomes. Liposomes have now progressed beyond simple, inert drug carriers and can be designed to be highly responsive in vivo, with active targeting, increased stealth, and controlled drug-release properties. Ligand-targeted liposomes (LTLs) have the potential to revolutionize the treatment of cancer. However, these highly engineered liposomes generate new problems, such as accelerated clearance from circulation, compromised targeting owing to non-specific serum protein binding, and hindered tumor penetration. This article highlights recent challenges facing LTL strategies and describes the advanced design elements used to circumvent them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin T Noble
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Jared F Stefanick
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Jonathan D Ashley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Tanyel Kiziltepe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Mike and Josie Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Basar Bilgicer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Mike and Josie Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Center for Rare & Neglected Diseases, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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91
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TAT-Hsp70 induces neuroprotection against stroke via anti-inflammatory actions providing appropriate cellular microenvironment for transplantation of neural precursor cells. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2013; 33:1778-88. [PMID: 23881248 PMCID: PMC3824176 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Heat-shock protein 70 (Hsp70) protects against cerebral ischemia, which is attributed to its chaperone activity. However, recent reports also describe pro-inflammatory actions of Hsp70 via activation of Toll-like receptors (TLR). Using membrane-permeable transactivator of transcription (TAT)-Hsp70, we analyzed TAT-Hsp70-induced neuroprotection and its underlying mechanism after cerebral ischemia in mice. Infusion of TAT-Hsp70 reduced infarct volume and enhanced blood-brain barrier integrity on day 3 poststroke, when given no later than 12 hours. The latter was associated with reduction of microglial activation, although upregulation of pro-inflammatory TLR-2/4 was observed both in verum and in control animals. Nevertheless, protein abundance and nuclear translocation of downstream nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) as well as proteasomal degradation of the NF-κB regulator Ikappa B alpha (IκB-α) were significantly reduced by TAT-Hsp70. TAT-Hsp70-induced neuroprotection and functional recovery were restricted to 4 weeks only. However, TAT-Hsp70 provided an appropriate extracellular milieu for delayed intravenous transplantation of adult neural precursor cells (NPCs). Thus, NPCs that were grafted 28 days poststroke induced long-term neuroprotection for at least 3 months, which was not due to integration of grafted cells but rather due to paracrine effects of transplanted NPCs. Conclusively, TAT-Hsp70 ameliorates postischemic inflammation via proteasome inhibition, thus providing an appropriate extracellular milieu for delayed NPC transplantation and culminating in long-term neuroprotection.
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92
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Curb challenges of the "Trojan Horse" approach: smart strategies in achieving effective yet safe cell-penetrating peptide-based drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1299-315. [PMID: 23369828 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptide (CPP)-mediated intracellular drug delivery system, often specifically termed as "the Trojan horse approach", has become the "holy grail" in achieving effective delivery of macromolecular compounds such as proteins, DNA, siRNAs, and drug carriers. It is characterized by the unique cell- (or receptor-), temperature-, and payload-independent mechanisms, therefore offering potent means to improve poor cellular uptake of a variety of macromolecular drugs. Nevertheless, this "Trojan horse" approach also acts like a double-edged sword, causing serious safety and toxicity concerns to normal tissues or organs for in vivo application, due to lack of target selectivity of the powerful cell penetrating activity. To overcome this problem of potent yet non-selective penetration vs. targeting delivery, a number of "smart" strategies have been developed in recent years, including controllable CPP-based drug delivery systems based on various stimuli-responsive mechanisms. This review article provides a fundamental understanding of these smart systems, as well as a discussion of their real-time in vivo applicability.
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93
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Brugnano J, McMasters J, Panitch A. Characterization of endocytic uptake of MK2-inhibitor peptides. J Pept Sci 2013; 19:629-38. [PMID: 24014473 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cell penetrating peptides (CPP) have been widely used to increase the cellular delivery of their associated cargo. Multiple modes of uptake have been identified; however, they cannot be predicted a priori. Elucidating these mechanisms is important for understanding peptide function as well as further optimizing cellular delivery. We have developed a class of mitogen activated protein kinase activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) inhibitor peptides, named FAK and YARA that utilize CPP domains to gain cellular access. In this study, we investigate the mechanism of endocytosis of these MK2 inhibitors by examining the uptake of fluorescently labeled peptide in human monocyte (THP-1) and mesothelial cells, and looking for colocalization with known markers of endocytosis. Our results indicate that uptake of the MK2 inhibitors was minimally enhanced by the addition of the fluorescent label, and that the type of endocytosis used by the inhibitor depends on several factors including concentration, cell type, and which CPP was used. We found that in THP-1 cells, the uptake of YARA occurred primarily via macropinocytosis, whereas FAK entered via all three mechanisms of endocytosis examined in this study. In mesothelial cells, uptake of YARA occurred via caveolae-mediated endocytosis, but became less specific at higher concentrations; whereas uptake of FAK occurred through clathrin-mediated endocytosis. In all cases, the delivery resulted in active inhibition of MK2. In summary, the results support endocytic uptake of fluorescently labeled FAK and YARA in two different cell lines, with the mechanism of uptake dependent on extracellular concentration, cell type, and choice of CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Brugnano
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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94
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Lehner R, Wang X, Marsch S, Hunziker P. Intelligent nanomaterials for medicine: Carrier platforms and targeting strategies in the context of clinical application. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 9:742-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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95
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Shin MC, Zhang J, Min KA, Lee K, Byun Y, David AE, He H, Yang VC. Cell-penetrating peptides: achievements and challenges in application for cancer treatment. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:575-87. [PMID: 23852939 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
One of the major hurdles to cure cancer lies in the low potency of currently available drugs, which could eventually be solved by using more potent therapeutic macromolecules, such as proteins or genes. However, although these macromolecules possess greater potency inside the cancer cells, the barely permeable cell membrane remains a formidable barrier to exert their efficacy. A widely used strategy is to use cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) to improve their intracellular uptake. Since the discovery of the first CPP, numerous CPPs have been derived from natural or synthesized products. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that those CPPs are highly efficient in transducing cargoes into almost all cell types. Therefore, to date, CPPs have been widely used for intracellular delivery of various cargoes, including peptides, proteins, genes, and even nanoparticles. In addition, recently, based on the successes of CPPs in cellular studies, their applications in vivo have been actively pursued. This review will focus on the advanced applications of CPP-based in vivo delivery of therapeutics (e.g., small molecule drugs, proteins, and genes). In addition, we will highlight certain updated applications of CPPs for intracellular delivery of nanoparticulate drug carriers, as well as several "smart" strategies for tumor targeted delivery of CPP-cargoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meong Cheol Shin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1065
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96
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Bechara C, Sagan S. Cell-penetrating peptides: 20 years later, where do we stand? FEBS Lett 2013; 587:1693-702. [PMID: 23669356 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 638] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Twenty years ago, the discovery of peptides able to cross cellular membranes launched a novel field in molecular delivery based on these non-invasive vectors, most commonly called cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) or protein transduction domains (PTDs). These peptides were shown to efficiently transport various biologically active molecules inside living cells, and thus are considered promising devices for medical and biotechnological developments. Moreover, CPPs emerged as potential tools to study the prime mechanisms of cellular entry across the plasma membrane. This review is dedicated to CPP fundamentals, with an emphasis on the molecular requirements and mechanism of their entry into eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chérine Bechara
- UPMC-Univ Paris 6, Laboratoire des BioMolecules, cc 182, UMR 7203 CNRS, ENS, Paris, France.
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97
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Gopal V. Bioinspired peptides as versatile nucleic acid delivery platforms. J Control Release 2013; 167:323-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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98
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Abstract
The ability of cell-penetrating peptides to cross plasma membranes has been used for various applications, including the delivery of bioactive molecules to inhibit disease-producing cellular mechanisms. Selective drug delivery into target cells improves drug distribution and decreases dosing and toxicity. In this review, the authors outline the main challenges in the field, namely clarification of mechanisms of entry into cells, as well as current and future perspectives regarding cell-penetrating peptides application for human therapeutics. Here, the authors discuss some of the factors that influence efficacy of delivery and review the current status of preclinical studies and clinical trials involving the use of cell-penetrating peptide-mediated delivery of therapeutics.
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99
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Manley NC, Caso JR, Works MG, Cutler AB, Zemlyak I, Sun G, Munhoz CD, Chang S, Sorrells SF, Ermini FV, Decker JH, Bertrand AA, Dinkel KM, Steinberg GK, Sapolsky RM. Derivation of injury-responsive dendritic cells for acute brain targeting and therapeutic protein delivery in the stroke-injured rat. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61789. [PMID: 23613937 PMCID: PMC3627911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Research with experimental stroke models has identified a wide range of therapeutic proteins that can prevent the brain damage caused by this form of acute neurological injury. Despite this, we do not yet have safe and effective ways to deliver therapeutic proteins to the injured brain, and this remains a major obstacle for clinical translation. Current targeted strategies typically involve invasive neurosurgery, whereas systemic approaches produce the undesirable outcome of non-specific protein delivery to the entire brain, rather than solely to the injury site. As a potential way to address this, we developed a protein delivery system modeled after the endogenous immune cell response to brain injury. Using ex-vivo-engineered dendritic cells (DCs), we find that these cells can transiently home to brain injury in a rat model of stroke with both temporal and spatial selectivity. We present a standardized method to derive injury-responsive DCs from bone marrow and show that injury targeting is dependent on culture conditions that maintain an immature DC phenotype. Further, we find evidence that when loaded with therapeutic cargo, cultured DCs can suppress initial neuron death caused by an ischemic injury. These results demonstrate a non-invasive method to target ischemic brain injury and may ultimately provide a way to selectively deliver therapeutic compounds to the injured brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C Manley
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America.
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100
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Madani F, Abdo R, Lindberg S, Hirose H, Futaki S, Langel Ü, Gräslund A. Modeling the endosomal escape of cell-penetrating peptides using a transmembrane pH gradient. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1828:1198-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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