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Fu RH, Wu PY, Chou IC, Lin CH, Hong SY. Demographic and clinical characteristics, seizure disorders, and antiepileptic drug usage in different types of corpus callosum disorders: a comparative study in children. Ital J Pediatr 2024; 50:20. [PMID: 38273353 PMCID: PMC10809518 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-024-01589-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the demographic and clinical characteristics, types of seizure disorders, and antiepileptic drug usage among individuals with different types of corpus callosum disorders. METHODS A total of 73 individuals were included in the study and divided into three groups based on the type of corpus callosum abnormality: hypoplasia (H), agenesis (A), and dysgenesis (D). Demographic data, including gender and preterm birth, as well as clinical characteristics such as seizure disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), severe developmental delay/intellectual disability, and other brain malformations, were analyzed. The types of seizure disorders and antiepileptic drugs used were also examined. RESULTS The H group had the highest number of participants (n = 47), followed by the A group (n = 11) and the D group (n = 15). The A group had the highest percentage of males and preterm births, while the D group had the highest percentage of seizure disorders, other brain malformations, and severe developmental delay/intellectual disability. The A group also had the highest percentage of ADHD. Focal seizures were observed in all three groups, with the highest proportion in the A group. Focal impaired awareness seizures (FIAS) were present in all groups, with the highest proportion in the D group. Generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) were observed in all groups, with the highest proportion in the H group. Different types of antiepileptic drugs were used among the groups, with variations in usage rates for each drug. CONCLUSION This study provided insights into the demographic and clinical characteristics, seizure disorders, and antiepileptic drug usage among individuals with different types of corpus callosum disorders. Significant differences were found between the groups, indicating the need for tailored management approaches. However, the study has limitations, including a small sample size and a cross-sectional design. Further research with larger sample sizes and longitudinal designs is warranted to validate these findings and explore the relationship between corpus callosum abnormality severity and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Huei Fu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, 40402, Taichung, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, 40447, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yen Wu
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, China Medical University Children's Hospital, 2 Yuh-Der Road, 40447, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Ching Chou
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, China Medical University Children's Hospital, 2 Yuh-Der Road, 40447, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Chinese Medicine, Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, 40402, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Heng Lin
- Division of Pediatrics Pulmonology, China Medical University Children's Hospital, 40447, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, 40402, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Syuan-Yu Hong
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, 40402, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, China Medical University Children's Hospital, 2 Yuh-Der Road, 40447, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, China Medical University, 40402, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Fu RH. Pectolinarigenin Improves Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Mouse NSC-34 Motor Neuron Cell Lines Induced by C9-ALS-Associated Proline-Arginine Dipeptide Repeat Proteins by Enhancing Mitochondrial Fusion Mediated via the SIRT3/OPA1 Axis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2008. [PMID: 38001861 PMCID: PMC10669908 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12112008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is considered a fatal progressive degeneration of motor neurons (MN) caused by oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. There are currently no treatments available. The most common inherited form of ALS is the C9orf72 mutation (C9-ALS). The proline-arginine dipeptide repeat protein (PR-DPR) produced by C9-ALS has been confirmed to be a functionally acquired pathogenic factor that can cause increased ROS, mitochondrial defects, and apoptosis in motor neurons. Pectolinarigenin (PLG) from the traditional medicinal herb Linaria vulgaris has antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. I established a mouse NSC-34 motor neuron cell line model expressing PR-DPR and confirmed the neuroprotective effect of PLG. The results showed that ROS production and apoptosis caused by PR-DPR could be improved by PLG treatment. In terms of mechanism research, PR-DPR inhibited the activity of the mitochondrial fusion proteins OPA1 and mitofusin 2. Conversely, the expression of fission protein fission 1 and dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) increased. However, PLG treatment reversed these effects. Furthermore, I found that PLG increased the expression and deacetylation of OPA1. Deacetylation of OPA1 enhances mitochondrial fusion and resistance to apoptosis. Finally, transfection with Sirt3 small interfering RNA abolished the neuroprotective effects of PLG. In summary, the mechanism by which PLG alleviates PR-DPR toxicity is mainly achieved by activating the SIRT3/OPA1 axis to regulate the balance of mitochondrial dynamics. Taken together, the potential of PLG in preclinical studies for C9-ALS drug development deserves further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Huei Fu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; ; Tel.: +886-422052121-12486
- Ph.D. Program for Aging, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
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Fu RH, Chen HJ, Hong SY. Glycine-Alanine Dipeptide Repeat Protein from C9-ALS Interacts with Sulfide Quinone Oxidoreductase (SQOR) to Induce the Activity of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in HMC3 Microglia: Irisflorentin Reverses This Interaction. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1896. [PMID: 37891975 PMCID: PMC10604625 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal rare disease of progressive degeneration of motor neurons. The most common genetic mutation in ALS is the hexanucleotide repeat expansion (HRE) located in the first intron of the C9orf72 gene (C9-ALS). HRE can produce dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs) such as poly glycine-alanine (GA) in a repeat-associated non-ATG (RAN) translation. GA-DPR has been shown to be toxic to motor neurons in various biological models. However, its effects on microglia involved in C9-ALS have not been reported. Here, we show that GA-DPR (GA50) activates the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in a human HMC3 microglia model. MCC950 (specific inhibitor of the NLRP3) treatment can abrogate this activity. Next, using yeast two-hybrid screening, we identified sulfide quinone oxidoreductase (SQOR) as a GA50 interacting protein. SQOR knockdown in HMC3 cells can significantly induce the activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome by upregulating the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species and the cytoplasmic escape of mitochondrial DNA. Furthermore, we obtained irisflorentin as an effective blocker of the interaction between SQOR and GA50, thus inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activity in GA50-expressing HMC3 cells. These results imply the association of GA-DPR, SQOR, and NLRP3 inflammasomes in microglia and establish a treatment strategy for C9-ALS with irisflorentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Huei Fu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Aging, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Jye Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Syuan-Yu Hong
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, China Medical University Children’s Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
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Fu RH, Chen HJ, Hong SY. Interaction of the C9orf72-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis-Related Proline-Arginine Dipeptide Repeat Protein with the RNA-Binding Protein NOVA1 Causes Decreased Expression of UNC13A Due to Enhanced Inclusion of Cryptic Exons, Which Is Reversed by Betulin Treatment. Cells 2023; 12:2476. [PMID: 37887320 PMCID: PMC10605128 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
C9orf72 mutations are the most common form of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (C9-ALS). It causes the production of proline-arginine dipeptide repeat proteins (PR-DPRs) in motor neurons (MNs), leading to the molecular pathology characteristic of ALS. UNC13A is critical for maintaining the synaptic function of MNs. Most ALS patients have nuclear deletion of the splicing repressor TDP-43 in MNs, which causes inclusion of the cryptic exon (CE) of UNC13A mRNA, resulting in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay and reduced protein expression. Therefore, in this study, we explored the role of PR-DPR in CE inclusion of UNC13A mRNA. Our results showed that PR-DPR (PR50) induced CE inclusion and decreased the protein expression of UNC13A in human neuronal cell lines. We also identified an interaction between the RNA-binding protein NOVA1 and PR50 by yeast two-hybrid screening. NOVA1 expression is known to be reduced in patients with ALS. We found that knockdown of NOVA1 enhanced CE inclusion of UNC13A mRNA. Furthermore, the naturally occurring triterpene betulin can inhibit the interaction between NOVA1 and PR50, thus preventing CE inclusion of UNC13A mRNA and protein reduction in human neuronal cell lines. This study linked PR-DPR with CE inclusion of UNC13A mRNA and developed candidate therapeutic strategies for C9-ALS using betulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Huei Fu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Aging, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Jye Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Syuan-Yu Hong
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, China Medical University Children’s Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
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Hsu YL, Chen HJ, Gao JX, Yang MY, Fu RH. Chiisanoside Mediates the Parkin/ZNF746/PGC-1α Axis by Downregulating MiR-181a to Improve Mitochondrial Biogenesis in 6-OHDA-Caused Neurotoxicity Models In Vitro and In Vivo: Suggestions for Prevention of Parkinson's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1782. [PMID: 37760085 PMCID: PMC10525196 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The degeneration of dopamine (DA) neurons is known to be associated with defects in mitochondrial biogenesis caused by aging, environmental factors, or mutations in genes, leading to Parkinson's disease (PD). As PD has not yet been successfully cured, the strategy of using small molecule drugs to protect and restore mitochondrial biogenesis is a promising direction. This study evaluated the efficacy of synthetic chiisanoside (CSS) identified in the leaves of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus to prevent PD symptoms. The results show that in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) model, CSS pretreatment can effectively alleviate the reactive oxygen species generation and apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells, thereby lessening the defects in the C. elegans model including DA neuron degeneration, dopamine-mediated food sensitivity behavioral disorders, and shortened lifespan. Mechanistically, we found that CSS could restore the expression of proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1-alpha (PGC-1α), a key molecule in mitochondrial biogenesis, and its downstream related genes inhibited by 6-OHDA. We further confirmed that this is due to the enhanced activity of parkin leading to the ubiquitination and degradation of PGC-1α inhibitor protein Zinc finger protein 746 (ZNF746). Parkin siRNA treatment abolished this effect of CSS. Furthermore, we found that CSS inhibited 6-OHDA-induced expression of miR-181a, which targets parkin. The CSS's ability to reverse the 6-OHDA-induced reduction in mitochondrial biogenesis and activation of apoptosis was abolished after the transfection of anti-miR-181a and miR-181a mimics. Therefore, the neuroprotective effect of CSS mainly promotes mitochondrial biogenesis by regulating the miR-181a/Parkin/ZNF746/PGC-1α axis. CSS potentially has the opportunity to be developed into PD prevention agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (Y.-L.H.); (H.-J.C.); (J.-X.G.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Jye Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (Y.-L.H.); (H.-J.C.); (J.-X.G.)
| | - Jia-Xin Gao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (Y.-L.H.); (H.-J.C.); (J.-X.G.)
| | - Ming-Yang Yang
- Ph.D. Program for Aging, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Ru-Huei Fu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (Y.-L.H.); (H.-J.C.); (J.-X.G.)
- Ph.D. Program for Aging, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
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Fu RH, Hong SY, Chen HJ. Syringin Prevents 6-Hydroxydopamine Neurotoxicity by Mediating the MiR-34a/SIRT1/Beclin-1 Pathway and Activating Autophagy in SH-SY5Y Cells and the Caenorhabditis elegans Model. Cells 2023; 12:2310. [PMID: 37759532 PMCID: PMC10527269 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Defective autophagy is one of the cellular hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD). Therefore, a therapeutic strategy could be a modest enhancement of autophagic activity in dopamine (DA) neurons to deal with the clearance of damaged mitochondria and abnormal protein aggregates. Syringin (SRG) is a phenolic glycoside derived from the root of Acanthopanax senticosus. It has antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, whether it has a preventive effect on PD remains unclear. The present study found that SRG reversed the increase in intracellular ROS-caused apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells induced by neurotoxin 6-OHDA exposure. Likewise, in C. elegans, degeneration of DA neurons, DA-related food-sensitive behaviors, longevity, and accumulation of α-synuclein were also improved. Studies of neuroprotective mechanisms have shown that SRG can reverse the suppressed expression of SIRT1, Beclin-1, and other autophagy markers in 6-OHDA-exposed cells. Thus, these enhanced the formation of autophagic vacuoles and autophagy activity. This protective effect can be blocked by pretreatment with wortmannin (an autophagosome formation blocker) and bafilomycin A1 (an autophagosome-lysosome fusion blocker). In addition, 6-OHDA increases the acetylation of Beclin-1, leading to its inactivation. SRG can induce the expression of SIRT1 and promote the deacetylation of Beclin-1. Finally, we found that SRG reduced the 6-OHDA-induced expression of miR-34a targeting SIRT1. The overexpression of miR-34a mimic abolishes the neuroprotective ability of SRG. In conclusion, SRG induces autophagy via partially regulating the miR-34a/SIRT1/Beclin-1 axis to prevent 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis and α-synuclein accumulation. SRG has the opportunity to be established as a candidate agent for the prevention and cure of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Huei Fu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Aging, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Syuan-Yu Hong
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, China Medical University Children’s Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Jye Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
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Fu RH, Tsai CW, Liu SP, Chiu SC, Chen YC, Chiang YT, Kuo YH, Shyu WC, Lin SZ. Neuroprotective Capability of Narcissoside in 6-OHDA-Exposed Parkinson's Disease Models through Enhancing the MiR200a/Nrf-2/GSH Axis and Mediating MAPK/Akt Associated Signaling Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2089. [PMID: 36358461 PMCID: PMC9686521 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed the antioxidant potential of narcissoside from Sambucus nigra flowers (elderflowers) in Parkinson's disease models in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that narcissoside lessened the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. In the 6-OHDA-exposed Caenorhabditis elegans model, narcissoside reduced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and ROS generation, and also improved dopamine-related food-sensitive behavior and shortened lifespan. Moreover, NCS increased total glutathione (GSH) by increasing the expression of the catalytic subunit and modifier subunit of γ-glutamylcysteine ligase in cells and nematodes. Treatment with a GSH inhibitor partially abolished the anti-apoptotic ability of narcissoside. Furthermore, narcissoside diminished the 6-OHDA-induced phosphorylation of JNK and p38, while rising activities of ERK and Akt in resisting apoptosis. The antioxidant response element (ARE)-luciferase reporter activity analysis and electromobility gel shift assay showed that narcissoside promotes the transcriptional activity mediated by Nrf2. Finally, we found that narcissoside augmented the expression of miR200a, a translational inhibitor of the Nrf2 repressor protein Keap1. Downregulation of Nrf2 and miR200a by RNAi and anti-miR200a, respectively, reversed the neuroprotective ability of narcissoside. In summary, narcissoside can enhance the miR200a/Nrf2/GSH antioxidant pathway, alleviate 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis, and has the neuroprotective potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Huei Fu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Tsai
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ping Liu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chih Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hua Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Cherng Shyu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Buddhist Tzu Chi Bioinnovation Center, Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
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Chen HC, Kung ML, Huang WX, Fu RH, Yu AYH, Yang YT, Hung HS. Corrigendum to delivery of stromal-derived factor-1α via biocompatible gold nanoparticles promotes dendritic cells viability and migration Volume 628 (2021), 127298. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Kuo YH, Hung HS, Tsai CW, Chiu SC, Liu SP, Chiang YT, Shyu WC, Lin SZ, Fu RH. A Novel Splice Variant of BCAS1 Inhibits β-Arrestin 2 to Promote the Proliferation and Migration of Glioblastoma Cells, and This Effect Was Blocked by Maackiain. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163890. [PMID: 36010884 PMCID: PMC9405932 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-enriched myelin-associated protein 1 (BCAS1) is frequently highly expressed in human cancer, but its detailed function is unclear. Here, we identified a novel splice variant of the BCAS1 gene in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) named BCAS1-SV1. The expression of BCAS1-SV1 was weak in heathy brain cells but high in GBM cell lines. The overexpression of BCAS1-SV1 significantly increased the proliferation and migration of GBM cells, whereas the RNA-interference-mediated knockdown of BCAS1-SV1 reduced proliferation and migration. Moreover, using a yeast-two hybrid assay, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence staining, we confirmed that β-arrestin 2 is an interaction partner of BCAS1-SV1 but not BCAS1. The downregulation of β-arrestin 2 directly enhanced the malignancy of GBM and abrogated the effects of BCAS1-SV1 on GBM cells. Finally, we used a yeast two-hybrid-based growth assay to identify that maackiain (MK) is a potential inhibitor of the interaction between BCAS1-SV1 and β-arrestin 2. MK treatment lessened the proliferation and migration of GBM cells and prolonged the lifespan of tumor-bearing mice in subcutaneous xenograft and intracranial U87-luc xenograft models. This study provides the first evidence that the gain-of-function BCAS1-SV1 splice variant promotes the development of GBM by suppressing the β-arrestin 2 pathway and opens up a new therapeutic perspective in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hua Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Shan Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Tsai
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chih Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ping Liu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Cherng Shyu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Buddhist Tzu Chi Bioinnovation Center, Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Huei Fu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-422052121-7826
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Chen HC, Kung ML, Huang WX, Fu RH, Yu AYH, Yang YT, Hung HS. Delivery of stromal-derived factor-1α via biocompatible gold nanoparticles promotes dendritic cells viability and migration. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Chiu CF, Fu RH, Hsu SH, Yu YH(A, Yang SF, Tsao TCY, Chang KB, Yeh CA, Tang CM, Huang SC, Hung HS. Delivery Capacity and Anticancer Ability of the Berberine-Loaded Gold Nanoparticles to Promote the Apoptosis Effect in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215317. [PMID: 34771481 PMCID: PMC8582582 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this research, we aimed to evaluate the biological effects of physically gold nanoparticle-collagen nanocarrier incorporated with alkaloid berberine (Au-Col-BB) on non-transformed bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) and Her-2 breast cancer cell lines through in vitro and in vivo assessments. Au-Col-BB showed better cytotoxicity, as well as significantly induced cell apoptosis in Her-2 cancer cells compared with normal cells (non-transformed BAEC). Further, Au-Col-BB also demonstrated better anti-cancer capacity for inhibiting cell growth in Her-2 tumor-bearing mice. In brief, we confirmed that the Au-Col-BB nanocarrier could be a potential nanodrug for increasing the efficiency of specific therapeutic effects in breast cancer disease. Abstract Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were fabricated with biocompatible collagen (Col) and then conjugated with berberine (BB), denoted as Au-Col-BB, to investigate the endocytic mechanisms in Her-2 breast cancer cell line and in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC). Owing to the superior biocompatibility, tunable physicochemical properties, and potential functionalization with biomolecules, AuNPs have been well studied as carriers of biomolecules for diseases and cancer therapeutics. Composites of AuNPs with biopolymer, such as fibronectin or Col, have been revealed to increase cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. BB is a natural compound with impressive health benefits, such as lowering blood sugar and reducing weight. In addition, BB can inhibit cell proliferation by modulating cell cycle progress and autophagy, and induce cell apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. In the current research, BB was conjugated on the Col-AuNP composite (“Au-Col”). The UV-Visible spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy confirmed the conjugation of BB on Au-Col. The particle size of the Au-Col-BB conjugate was about 227 nm, determined by dynamic light scattering. Furthermore, Au-Col-BB was less cytotoxic to BAEC vs. Her-2 cell line in terms of MTT assay and cell cycle behavior. Au-Col-BB, compared to Au-Col, showed greater cell uptake capacity and potential cellular transportation by BAEC and Her-2 using the fluorescence-conjugated Au-Col-BB. In addition, the clathrin-mediated endocytosis and cell autophagy seemed to be the favorite endocytic mechanism for the internalization of Au-Col-BB by BAEC and Her-2. Au-Col-BB significantly inhibited cell migration in Her-2, but not in BAEC. Moreover, apoptotic cascade proteins, such as Bax and p21, were expressed in Her-2 after the treatment of Au-Col-BB. The tumor suppression was examined in a model of xenograft mice treated with Au-Col-BB nanovehicles. Results demonstrated that the tumor weight was remarkably reduced by the treatment of Au-Col-BB. Altogether, the promising findings of Au-Col-BB nanocarrier on Her-2 breast cancer cell line suggest that Au-Col-BB may be a good candidate of anticancer drug for the treatment of human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Feng Chiu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (C.-F.C.); (S.-F.Y.)
- Division of Chest, Department of Internal Medicine, Feng Yuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung 42055, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Huei Fu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (R.-H.F.); (K.-B.C.); (C.-A.Y.); (S.-C.H.)
- Translational Medicine Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shan-hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Yang-Hao (Alex) Yu
- Changhua Hospital, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Changhua 51341, Taiwan;
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (C.-F.C.); (S.-F.Y.)
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Thomas Chang-Yao Tsao
- Division of Chest, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Bo Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (R.-H.F.); (K.-B.C.); (C.-A.Y.); (S.-C.H.)
| | - Chun-An Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (R.-H.F.); (K.-B.C.); (C.-A.Y.); (S.-C.H.)
| | - Cheng-Ming Tang
- Collage of Oral Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
| | - Sheng-Chu Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (R.-H.F.); (K.-B.C.); (C.-A.Y.); (S.-C.H.)
| | - Huey-Shan Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (R.-H.F.); (K.-B.C.); (C.-A.Y.); (S.-C.H.)
- Translational Medicine Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-22052121 (ext. 7827); Fax: +886-4-22333641
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Hsu YL, Hung HS, Tsai CW, Liu SP, Chiang YT, Kuo YH, Shyu WC, Lin SZ, Fu RH. Peiminine Reduces ARTS-Mediated Degradation of XIAP by Modulating the PINK1/Parkin Pathway to Ameliorate 6-Hydroxydopamine Toxicity and α-Synuclein Accumulation in Parkinson's Disease Models In Vivo and In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910240. [PMID: 34638579 PMCID: PMC8549710 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a degenerative disease that can cause motor, cognitive, and behavioral disorders. The treatment strategies being developed are based on the typical pathologic features of PD, including the death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra of the midbrain and the accumulation of α-synuclein in neurons. Peiminine (PMN) is an extract of Fritillaria thunbergii Miq that has antioxidant and anti-neuroinflammatory effects. We used Caenorhabditis elegans and SH-SY5Y cell models of PD to evaluate the neuroprotective potential of PMN and address its corresponding mechanism of action. We found that pretreatment with PMN reduced reactive oxygen species production and DA neuron degeneration caused by exposure to 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), and therefore significantly improved the DA-mediated food-sensing behavior of 6-OHDA-exposed worms and prolonged their lifespan. PMN also diminished the accumulation of α-synuclein in transgenic worms and transfected cells. In our study of the mechanism of action, we found that PMN lessened ARTS-mediated degradation of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) by enhancing the expression of PINK1/parkin. This led to reduced 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis, enhanced activity of the ubiquitin–proteasome system, and increased autophagy, which diminished the accumulation of α-synuclein. The use of small interfering RNA to down-regulate parkin reversed the benefits of PMN in the PD models. Our findings suggest PMN as a candidate compound worthy of further evaluation for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (Y.-L.H.); (H.-S.H.); (S.-P.L.); (Y.-T.C.); (W.-C.S.)
| | - Huey-Shan Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (Y.-L.H.); (H.-S.H.); (S.-P.L.); (Y.-T.C.); (W.-C.S.)
- Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Tsai
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Ping Liu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (Y.-L.H.); (H.-S.H.); (S.-P.L.); (Y.-T.C.); (W.-C.S.)
- Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (Y.-L.H.); (H.-S.H.); (S.-P.L.); (Y.-T.C.); (W.-C.S.)
| | - Yun-Hua Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 12217, Taiwan;
| | - Woei-Cherng Shyu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (Y.-L.H.); (H.-S.H.); (S.-P.L.); (Y.-T.C.); (W.-C.S.)
- Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Bioinnovation Center, Tzu Chi Foundation, Department of Neurosurgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
| | - Ru-Huei Fu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (Y.-L.H.); (H.-S.H.); (S.-P.L.); (Y.-T.C.); (W.-C.S.)
- Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-422052121-7826
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13
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Lin CY, Huang YN, Fu RH, Liao YH, Kuo TY, Tsai CW. Promotion of mitochondrial biogenesis via the regulation of PARIS and PGC-1α by parkin as a mechanism of neuroprotection by carnosic acid. Phytomedicine 2021; 80:153369. [PMID: 33070082 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impairment of mitochondrial biogenesis is associated with the pathological progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Parkin-interacting substrate (PARIS) can be ubiquitinated by parkin and prevents the repression of proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1-alpha (PGC-1α). PURPOSE This study investigated whether the neuroprotective mechanism of carnosic acid (CA) from rosemary is mediated via the regulation of PARIS and PGC-1α by parkin. METHODS The Western blotting and RT-PCR were used to determine protein and mRNA, respectively. To investigate the protein-protein interaction of between PARIS and ubiquitin, the immunoprecipitation assay (IP assay) was utilized. Silencing of endogenous parkin or PGC-1α was performed by using transient transfection of small interfering RNA (siRNA). RESULTS SH-SY5Y cells treated with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) increased PARIS protein, decreased PGC-1α protein, and reduced protein and mRNA of mitochondrial biogenesis-related genes. CA pretreatment reversed the effects of 6-OHDA. By IP assay, the interaction of PARIS with ubiquitin protein caused by CA was stronger than that caused by 6-OHDA. Moreover, knockdown of parkin attenuated the ability of CA to reverse the 6-OHDA-induced increase in PARIS and decrease in PGC-1α expression. PGC-1α siRNA was used to investigate how CA influenced the effect of 6-OHDA on the modulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and apoptosis. In the presence of PGC-1α siRNA, CA could no longer significantly reverse the reduction of mitochondrial biogenesis or the induction of cleavage of apoptotic-related proteins by 6-OHDA. CONCLUSION The cytoprotective of CA is related to the enhancement of mitochondrial biogenesis by inhibiting PARIS and inducing PGC-1α by parkin. The activation of PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis by CA prevents the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, CA may have therapeutic application in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yuan Lin
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Ning Huang
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Huei Fu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsin Liao
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yu Kuo
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Tsai
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Hung HS, Yu AYH, Hsieh SC, Kung ML, Huang HY, Fu RH, Yeh CA, Hsu SH. Enhanced Biocompatibility and Differentiation Capacity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Poly(dimethylsiloxane) by Topographically Patterned Dopamine. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:44393-44406. [PMID: 32697572 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the behavior of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) through topographic patterns is an effective approach for stem cell studies. We, herein, reported a facile method to create a dopamine (DA) pattern on poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). The topography of micropatterned DA was produced on PDMS after plasma treatment. The grid-topographic-patterned surface of PDMS-DA (PDMS-DA-P) was measured for adhesion force and Young's modulus by atomic force microscopy. The surface of PDMS-DA-P demonstrated less stiff and more elastic characteristics compared to either nonpatterned PDMS-DA or PDMS. The PDMS-DA-P evidently enhanced the differentiation of MSCs into various tissue cells, including nerve, vessel, bone, and fat. We further designed comprehensive experiments to investigate adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of MSCs in response to PDMS-DA-P and showed that the DA-patterned surface had good biocompatibility and did not activate macrophages or platelets in vitro and had low foreign body reaction in vivo. Besides, it protected MSCs from apoptosis as well as excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Particularly, the patterned surface enhanced the differentiation capacity of MSCs toward neural and endothelial cells. The stromal cell-derived factor-1α/CXantiCR4 pathway may be involved in mediating the self-recruitment and promoting the differentiation of MSCs. These findings support the potential application of PDMS-DA-P in either cell treatment or tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Shan Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Translational Medicine Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Alex Yang-Hao Yu
- Ministry of Health & Welfare, Changhua Hospital, Changhua 51341, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Chen Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Mei-Lang Kung
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsiu-Yuan Huang
- Department of Cosmeceutics and Graduate Institute of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ru-Huei Fu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Translational Medicine Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-An Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shan-Hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, R.O.C
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15
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Wang CH, Chang CH, Lin TL, Fu RH, Huang YC, Chen SY, Shyu WC, Liu SP. The novel application of cordycepin in maintaining stem cell pluripotency and increasing iPS cell generation efficiency. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2187. [PMID: 32042022 PMCID: PMC7010772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59154-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining the pluripotency of either embryonic stem (ES) cells or induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells is a fundamental part of stem cell research. In this study, we reported that cordycepin promoted the expression of pluripotency markers in ES and iPS cells. ES cells treated with cordycepin demonstrated their potential for generating embryoid bodies and differentiating into all three germ layers. The expression levels of phospho-Jak2, phospho-Stat3, integrin αV, and integrin β5 were increased after cordycepin treatment. Furthermore, the protein expression levels of IL-6 family proteins (IL-6, IL-11, LIF, oncostatin M (OSM), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF)), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were also upregulated after cordycepin treatment, but were restored after co-treatment with a Jak2 inhibitor (AG490). The gene expression levels of Yamanaka factors were upregulated in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) after cordycepin treatment. Moreover, the generation efficiencies of iPS cells were elevated after cordycepin treatment. We found that iPS cells generated after cordycepin treatment, not only expressed pluripotency markers, but also showed the ability of differentiating into neuron stem/progenitor cells. Taken together, we demonstrated that cordycepin maintained the pluripotency of stem cells via regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and Jak2/Stat3 signaling pathway and improved the generation efficiency of iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie-Hong Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsuan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Li Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Huei Fu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Center for Translational Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuen Huang
- Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yin Chen
- Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Cherng Shyu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Center for Translational Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ping Liu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Center for Translational Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Department of Social Work, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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16
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Hsiao WT, Su HM, Su KP, Chen SH, Wu HP, You YL, Fu RH, Chao PM. Deficiency or activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α reduces the tissue concentrations of endogenously synthesized docosahexaenoic acid in C57BL/6J mice. Nutr Res Pract 2019; 13:286-294. [PMID: 31388404 PMCID: PMC6669072 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2019.13.4.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA), is acquired by dietary intake or the in vivo conversion of α-linolenic acid. Many enzymes participating in LCPUFA synthesis are regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). Therefore, it was hypothesized that the tissue accretion of endogenously synthesized DHA could be modified by PPARα. MATERIALS/METHODS The tissue DHA concentrations and mRNA levels of genes participating in DHA biosynthesis were compared among PPARα homozygous (KO), heterozygous (HZ), and wild type (WT) mice (Exp I), and between WT mice treated with clofibrate (PPARα agonist) or those not treated (Exp II). In ExpII, the expression levels of the proteins associated with DHA function in the brain cortex and retina were also measured. An n3-PUFA depleted/replenished regimen was applied to mitigate the confounding effects of maternal DHA. RESULTS PPARα ablation reduced the hepatic Acox, Fads1, and Fads2 mRNA levels, as well as the DHA concentration in the liver, but not in the brain cortex. In contrast, PPARα activation increased hepatic Acox, Fads1, Fads2 and Elovl5 mRNA levels, but reduced the DHA concentrations in the liver, retina, and phospholipid of brain cortex, and decreased mRNA and protein levels of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor in brain cortex. CONCLUSIONS LCPUFA enzyme expression was altered by PPARα. Either PPARα deficiency or activation-decreased tissue DHA concentration is a stimulus for further studies to determine the functional significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting Hsiao
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Min Su
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Department of Psychiatry and Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Han Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Hai-Ping Wu
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling You
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Huei Fu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Min Chao
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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Abstract
It is extremely challenging to achieve strong adhesion in soft tissues while minimizing toxicity, tissue damage, and other side effects caused by wound sealing materials. In this study, flexible synthetic hydrogel sealants were prepared based on polyethylene glycol (PEG) materials. PEG is a synthetic material that is nontoxic and inert and, thus, suitable for use in medical products. We evaluated the in vitro biocompatibility tests of the dressings to assess cytotoxicity and irritation, sensitization, pyrogen toxicity, and systemic toxicity following the International Organization for Standardization 10993 standards and the in vivo effects of the hydrogel samples using Coloskin liquid bandages as control samples for potential in wound closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen-Lu Chen
- 1 Biomaterials Research and Development Department, Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Huei Fu
- 2 Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,3 Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,4 Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Fei Liao
- 1 Biomaterials Research and Development Department, Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ping Liu
- 2 Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,3 Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- 5 Department of Neurosurgery, Bioinnovation Center, Tzu Chi Foundation, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Wang
- 1 Biomaterials Research and Development Department, Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Hsu SH, Yu A, Yeh CA, Sun WS, Lin SZ, Fu RH, Hsieh HH, Wu PY, Hung HS. Biocompatible Nanogold Carrier Coated with Hyaluronic Acid for Efficient Delivery of Plasmid or siRNA to Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2019; 2:1017-1030. [PMID: 35021392 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan-hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Alex Yu
- Department of Acute and Critical Care, Chang-Hua Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Changhua 51341, Taiwan, R.O.C
- School of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-An Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Shen Sun
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ru-Huei Fu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Translational Medicine Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsien-Hsu Hsieh
- Blood Bank, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Po-Yuan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Huey-Shan Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Translational Medicine Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Tsai CW, Tsai RT, Liu SP, Chen CS, Tsai MC, Chien SH, Hung HS, Lin SZ, Shyu WC, Fu RH. Neuroprotective Effects of Betulin in Pharmacological and Transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans Models of Parkinson's Disease. Cell Transplant 2018; 26:1903-1918. [PMID: 29390878 PMCID: PMC5802634 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717738785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common degenerative disorder of the central nervous system in the elderly. It is characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, as well as by motor dysfunction. Although the causes of PD are not well understood, aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) in neurons contributes to this disease. Current therapeutics for PD provides satisfactory symptom relief but not a cure. Treatment strategies include attempts to identify new drugs that will prevent or arrest the progressive course of PD by correcting disease-specific pathogenic process. Betulin is derived from the bark of birch trees and possesses anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential for betulin to ameliorate PD features in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) models. We demonstrated that betulin diminished α-syn accumulation in the transgenic C. elegans model. Betulin also reduced 6-hydroxydopamine-induced dopaminergic neuron degeneration, reduced food-sensing behavioral abnormalities, and reversed life-span decreases in a pharmacological C. elegans model. Moreover, we found that the enhancement of proteasomes activity by promoting rpn1 expression and downregulation of the apoptosis pathway gene, egl-1, may be the molecular mechanism for betulin-mediated protection against PD pathology. Together, these findings support betulin as a possible treatment for PD and encourage further investigations of betulin as an antineurodegenerative agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wen Tsai
- 1 Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Tzong Tsai
- 2 Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ping Liu
- 3 Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,4 Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Shi Chen
- 5 Department of Biochemical and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chen Tsai
- 3 Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Hsuan Chien
- 3 Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Shan Hung
- 3 Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,4 Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- 6 Bioinnovation Center, Tzu Chi foundation, Department of Neurosurgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Cherng Shyu
- 3 Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,4 Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Huei Fu
- 3 Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,4 Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,7 Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Wang CH, Lin TL, Muo CH, Lin CH, Huang YC, Fu RH, Shyu WC, Liu SP. Increase of Meningitis Risk in Stroke Patients in Taiwan. Front Neurol 2018; 9:116. [PMID: 29551991 PMCID: PMC5841157 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose The blood–brain barrier (BBB) not only provides a physical obstruction but also recruits and activates neutrophils in cases of infection. Hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke reportedly induces the disruption of the BBB. However, few studies have reported a correlation between the incidence of meningitis in patients with a history of stroke. This study tested the hypothesis that patients with a history of stroke may be more vulnerable to meningitis. Methods Stroke and age-matched comparison (n = 29,436 and 87,951, respectively) cohorts were recruited from the Taiwan National Health Insurance database (2000–2011). Correlations between the two cohorts were evaluated by Cox proportional hazard regression model, Kaplan–Meier curve, and log-rank tests. Results The incidence of meningitis was higher in the stroke cohort compared to that in the comparison cohort [hazard ratio (HR), 2.89; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.23–3.74, p < 0.001]. After adjusting for age, sex, and comorbidities, the estimated HR in the stroke cohort was 2.55-fold higher than that in the comparison cohort (CI, 1.94–3.37; p < 0.001). Notably, patients who had experienced hemorrhagic stroke had a higher incidence rate of meningitis than those with a history of ischemic stroke, except for patients older than 75 years (incidence rates in hemorrhagic/ischemic stroke patients, 3.14/1.48 in patients younger than 45 years, 1.52/0.41 in 45- to 64-year group, 1.15/0.90 in 65- to 74-year group, 0.74/0.93 in patients older than 75 years). Moreover, stroke patients who had undergone head surgery had the highest meningitis risk (adjusted HR, 8.66; 95% CI, 5.55–13.5; p < 0.001) followed by stroke patients who had not undergone head surgery (adjusted HR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.57–2.82; p < 0.001). Conclusion Our results indicated that stroke patients have higher risks of meningitis. Compromised BBB integrity in stroke patients may lead to increased vulnerability to infectious pathogens. In summary, our study provided new evidence of the clinical relationship between stroke and meningitis, and our findings suggest the need for precautions to prevent meningitis in stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie-Hong Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Li Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Muo
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Huan Lin
- Center for Translational Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuen Huang
- Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Huei Fu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Center for Translational Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Cherng Shyu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Center for Translational Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ping Liu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Center for Translational Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Social Work, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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21
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Chi K, Fu RH, Huang YC, Chen SY, Hsu CJ, Lin SZ, Tu CT, Chang LH, Wu PA, Liu SP. Adipose-derived Stem Cells Stimulated with n-Butylidenephthalide Exhibit Therapeutic Effects in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:456-470. [PMID: 29756519 PMCID: PMC6038049 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718757408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) causes motor dysfunction and dopaminergic cell death. Drug treatments can effectively reduce symptoms but often cause unwanted side effects. Stem cell therapies using cell replacement or indirect beneficial secretomes have recently emerged as potential therapeutic strategies. Although various types of stem cells have been proposed as possible candidates, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are easily obtainable, more abundant, less ethically disputed, and able to differentiate into multiple cell lineages. However, treatment of PD using adult stem cells is known to be less efficacious than neuron or embryonic stem cell transplantation. Therefore, improved therapies are urgently needed. n-Butylidenephthalide (BP), which is extracted from Angelica sinensis, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Indeed, we previously demonstrated that BP treatment of ADSCs enhances the expression of neurogenesis and homing factors such as nuclear receptor related 1 protein, stromal-derived factor 1, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. In the present study, we examined the ability of BP-pretreated ADSC transplantation to improve PD motor symptoms and protect dopamine neurons in a mouse model of PD. We evaluated the results using neuronal behavior tests such as beam walking, rotarod, and locomotor activity tests. ADSCs with or without BP pretreatment were transplanted into the striatum. Our findings demonstrated that ADSC transplantation improved motor abilities with varied efficacies and that BP stimulation improved the therapeutic effects of transplantation. Dopaminergic cell numbers returned to normal in ADSC-transplanted mice after 22 d. In summary, stimulating ADSCs with BP improved PD recovery efficiency. Thus, our results provide important new strategies to improve stem cell therapies for neurodegenerative diseases in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Chi
- Center for Translational Medicine, China Medical University Hospital,
Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Huei Fu
- Center for Translational Medicine, China Medical University Hospital,
Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University,
Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuen Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Genetics Center, China Medical University
Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical
University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yin Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Genetics Center, China Medical University
Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical
University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ju Hsu
- Center for Translational Medicine, China Medical University Hospital,
Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bioinnovation Center, Tzu Chi Foundation,
Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tang Tu
- Taiwan Mitochondrion Applied Technology Co., Ltd, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsun Chang
- Taiwan Mitochondrion Applied Technology Co., Ltd, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ping-An Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bioinnovation Center, Tzu Chi Foundation,
Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ping Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, China Medical University Hospital,
Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University,
Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Social Work, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Lin CY, Fu RH, Chou RH, Chen JH, Wu CR, Chang SW, Tsai CW. Inhibition of JNK by pi class of glutathione S -transferase through PKA/CREB pathway is associated with carnosic acid protection against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced apoptosis. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 103:194-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen-Lu Chen
- Biomaterials Research and Development Department, Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Huei Fu
- Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Fei Liao
- Biomaterials Research and Development Department, Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Pin Liu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Bioinnovation Center, Tzu Chi foundation, Department of Neurosurgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yu- Chi Wang
- Biomaterials Research and Development Department, Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Tsai CW, Tsai RT, Liu SP, Chen CS, Tsai MC, Chien SH, Hung HS, Lin SZ, Shyu WC, Fu RH. Neuroprotective Effects of Betulin in Pharmacological and Transgenic C. elegans Models of Parkinson’s Disease. Cell Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.3727/096368917x695425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wen Tsai
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Tzong Tsai
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ping Liu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Shi Chen
- Department of Biochemical and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chen Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Hsuan Chien
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Shan Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Bioinnovation Center, Tzu Chi foundation, Department of Neurosurgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Cherng Shyu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Huei Fu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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25
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Hsieh SC, Chen HJ, Hsu SH, Yang YC, Tang CM, Chu MY, Lin PY, Fu RH, Kung ML, Chen YW, Yeh BW, Hung HS. Prominent Vascularization Capacity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Collagen-Gold Nanocomposites. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:28982-29000. [PMID: 27714998 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The ideal characteristics of surface modification on the vascular graft for clinical application would be with excellent hemocompatibility, endothelialization capacity, and antirestenosis ability. Here, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), contact angle (θ) measurement, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to evaluate the chemical and mechanical properties of collagen-gold nanocomposites (collagen+Au) with 17.4, 43.5, and 174 ppm of Au and suggested that the collagen+Au with 43.5 ppm of Au had better biomechanical properties and thermal stability than pure collagen. Besides, stromal-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) at 50 ng/mL promoted the migration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on collagen+Au material through the α5β3 integrin/endothelial oxide synthase (eNOS)/metalloproteinase (MMP) signaling pathway which can be abolished by the knockdown of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The potentiality of collagen+Au with MSCs for vascular regeneration was evaluated by our in vivo rat model system. Artery tissues isolated from an implanted collagen+Au-coated catheter with MSCs expressed substantial CD-31 and α-SMA, displayed higher antifibrotic ability, antithrombotic activity, as well as anti-inflammatory response than all other materials. Our results indicated that the implantation of collagen+Au-coated catheters with MSCs could be a promising strategy for vascular regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chen Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University , Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hui-Jye Chen
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University , Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shan-Hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Chin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital , Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Cheng-Ming Tang
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University , Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Mei-Yun Chu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University , Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Pei-Ying Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University , Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ru-Huei Fu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University , Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Mei-Lang Kung
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University , Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yun-Wen Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Bi-Wen Yeh
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Huey-Shan Hung
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University , Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Translational Medicine Research, China Medical University Hospital , Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Liu SP, Lin CH, Lin SJ, Fu RH, Huang YC, Chen SY, Lin SZ, Hsu CY, Shyu WC. Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile-Based Nanofibers Maintain Embryonic Stem Cell Stemness via TGF-Beta Signaling. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2016; 12:732-42. [DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2016.2201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Kuo TH, Peng HY, Fu RH, Yeh SW, Huang W. Abstract 173: A Novel Dual Function Molecule for the Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 2016. [DOI: 10.1161/str.47.suppl_1.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rapid restoration of blood flow to ischemic brain is essential to prevent irreversible tissue injury and minimize neuronal function impairment after acute ischemic stroke. However, intracerebral hemorrhage, reperfusion injury and the oxidative stress provoked by returned blood supply remain the major concerns for the use of effective thrombolytic agent; such as, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA). DC009 is a novel small molecule designed to have both thrombolytic and free radical scavenging activities, which were characterized in various in vitro and in vivo models.
The thrombolytic effect of DC009 was demonstrated in vitro using whole blood clot lysis assay and euglobulin clot lysis assay. In comparison to rt-PA (1mg/ml), DC009 (11.11 mg/ml) exerts comparable (p value = 0.40) in vitro thrombolytic activity to rt-PA. Further investigation showed that DC009 induced endogenous t-PA protein secretion from endothelial vesicles, and it enhanced endothelial t-PA mRNA expression through cAMP pathway. Ability of DC009 in ABTS radical cation scavenging (2, 2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate) was measured and found to be dose dependent with an EC50 of 49 μM.
Using a focal cerebral ischemia induced by arterial thrombosis model in aged mice (12-15 months old), DC009 showed a steady thrombolytic action and superior safety profile compared to vessel recanalization induced by rt-PA.
We further investigated DC009’s effect on normal hemostasis and maximal tolerable dose (MTD) level in rodents in order to assess its therapeutic potential. At their comparable pharmacological dose, the tail amputation bleeding assay in mice showed that DC009 (up to 30mg/kg) did not cause bleeding prolongation; vs. rt-PA (10mg/kg) prolonged the bleeding to >10 folds of normal bleeding time. According to the MTD determined in preliminary toxicity dose range finding studies, greater 50 folds of safety margin was identified in both mouse and rat.
In conclusion, DC009 appears to both thrombolytic and free radical scavenging with minimal risk of bleeding. As a safe and dual functional small molecule, it is a drug candidate of great potential for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ru-Huei Fu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Med Univ, Taichung City, Taiwan
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Chi K, Fu RH, Huang YC, Chen SY, Lin SZ, Huang PC, Lin PC, Chang FK, Liu SP. Therapeutic Effect of Ligustilide-Stimulated Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in a Mouse Thromboembolic Stroke Model. Cell Transplant 2016; 25:899-912. [PMID: 26787228 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x690539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a result of cerebral ischemia that triggers a cascade of both physiological and biochemical events. No effective treatment is available for stroke; however, stem cells have the potential to rescue tissue from the effects of stroke. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are an abundant source of adult stem cells; therefore, ADSC therapy can be considered as a future strategy for regenerative medicine. However, more research is required to improve the effectiveness of transplanted ADSCs as a treatment for stroke in the mouse stroke model. Ligustilide, isolated from the herb Angelica sinensis, exhibits a protective effect on neurons and inhibits inflammation. We also demonstrated that ligustilide treatment increases the expression levels of homing factors such as SDF-1 and CXCR4. In the present study, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of ADSC transplantation and ligustilide treatment in a mouse thromboembolic stroke model by behavioral tests, including beam walking, locomotor activity, and rotarod analysis. ADSCs pretreated with ligustilide were transplanted into the brains of stroke mice. The results showed that the therapeutic effect of ADSCs pretreated with ligustilide was better than that of ADSCs without ligustilide pretreatment. There was no difference between the recovery of mice treated by ADSC transplantation combined with subcutaneous ligustilide injection and that of mice treated only with ADSCs. The TUNEL assay showed fewer apoptotic cells in the brains of mice transplanted with ADSCs pretreated with ligustilide as well as in those without pretreatment. In summary, pretreatment of ADSCs with ligustilide improves the therapeutic efficacy of ADSC transplantation. The results of this study will help improve stem cell therapies being developed for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Chi
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, China
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29
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Lin HP, Chan TM, Fu RH, Chuu CP, Chiu SC, Tseng YH, Liu SP, Lai KC, Shih MC, Lin ZS, Chen HS, Yeh DC, Lin SZ. Applicability of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Cell Transplant 2015; 24:521-32. [PMID: 25621468 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x686977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a form of early onset diabetes mellitus characterized by the autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing cells (IPCs), resulting in hyperglycemia and abnormal glucose metabolism. There are currently no treatments available capable of completely curing the symptoms associated with the loss or functional defects of IPCs. Nonetheless, stem cell therapy has demonstrated considerable promise in the replacement of IPCs with immunomodulatory functions to overcome the defects caused by T1DM. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are particularly suitable for use in cell transplantation therapy, especially when seeking to avoid the ethical issues and tumorigenic complications commonly associated with embryos or induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell-based treatments have demonstrated therapeutic advantages and clinical applicability of ADSCs in T1DM, ensuring their suitability for transplantation therapy. This manuscript focuses on the benefits and possible mechanisms in a T1DM-relevant model and displays positive results from finished or ongoing human clinical trials. We also discuss and hypothesize potential methods to further enhance the therapeutic efficacy of these efforts, such as a humanized rodent model and gene therapies for IPC clusters, to meet the clinical applicability of the standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ping Lin
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Min Chan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, China Medical University Beigan Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, China Medical University-An-Nan Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Huei Fu
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Pin Chuu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chih Chiu
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiung Tseng
- Department of Nephrology, China Medical University Beigan Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ping Liu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Social Work, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Chi Lai
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Beigan Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Chin Shih
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, China Medical University-An-Nan Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Zung-Sheng Lin
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Beigan Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Shui Chen
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Da-Chuan Yeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Beigan Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Beigan Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University-An-Nan Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
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30
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Fu RH, Tsai CW, Tsai RT, Liu SP, Chan TM, Ho YC, Lin HL, Chen YM, Hung HS, Chiu SC, Tsai CH, Wang YC, Shyu WC, Lin SZ. Irisflorentin Modifies Properties of Mouse Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells and Reduces the Allergic Contact Hypersensitivity Responses. Cell Transplant 2015; 24:573-88. [PMID: 25654487 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x687002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Irisflorentin is an isoflavone component derived from the roots of Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC. In traditional Chinese medicine, this herb has pharmacological properties to treat inflammatory disorders. Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial modulators for the development of optimal T-cell immunity and maintenance of tolerance. Aberrant activation of DCs can induce harmful immune responses, and so agents that effectively improve DC properties have great clinical value. We herein investigated the effects of irisflorentin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated maturation of mouse bone marrow-derived DCs in vitro and in the contact hypersensitivity response (CHSR) in vivo. Our results demonstrated that treatment with up to 40 μM irisflorentin does not cause cellular toxicity. Irisflorentin significantly lessened the proinflammatory cytokine production (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-12p70) by LPS-stimulated DCs. Irisflorentin also inhibited the expression of LPS-induced major histocompatibility complex class II and costimulatory molecules (CD40 and CD86) on LPS-stimulated DCs. In addition, irisflorentin diminished LPS-stimulated DC-elicited allogeneic T-cell proliferation. Furthermore, irisflorentin significantly interfered with LPS-induced activation of IκB kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38, as well as the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. Subsequently, treatment with irisflorentin obviously weakened 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity. These findings suggest new insights into the role of irisflorentin as an immunotherapeutic adjuvant through its capability to modulate the properties of DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Huei Fu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Tsai
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Tzong Tsai
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ping Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Min Chan
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tainan Municipal An-Nan Hospital-China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Ho
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Lien Lin
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Mi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Shan Hung
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chih Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hai Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Wang
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Cherng Shyu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tainan Municipal An-Nan Hospital-China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Huang CY, Chen SY, Fu RH, Huang YC, Chen SY, Shyu WC, Lin SZ, Liu SP. Differentiation of embryonic stem cells into cardiomyocytes used to investigate the cardioprotective effect of salvianolic acid B through BNIP3 involved pathway. Cell Transplant 2015; 24:561-71. [PMID: 25654620 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x686995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are related to many risk factors, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, smoking, and obesity. Myocardial infarction (MI), a cardiovascular disease, is the most common cause of cardiomyocyte death. In MI, hypoxia induces cardiomyocyte apoptosis; in particular, diabetes combined with MI has a synergistic effect that exacerbates cardiomyocyte death. The hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) transcriptional factor and a BH-3 only protein, Bcl-2 adenovirus E1B 19-kDa interacting protein 3 (BNIP3), are known to play fundamental roles in both adaptive and cell death processes in response to hypoxia. In addition, most cardioprotective studies used H9c2 cells that were not beating, so H9c2 cells may not be the best model for testing cardioprotective effects. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent stem cells that are able to differentiate into several types of cells, including cardiomyocytes. In this study, we reveal a simple method to differentiate ESCs into cardiomyocytes by using poly-d-lysine-coated plates combined with ITS and N2-containing medium and characterized the ESC-derived cardiomyocytes by cardiomyocyte marker staining. The ESC-derived cardiomyocytes were used to investigate the protective effect of salvianolic acid B (Sal-B) in high glucose combined with hypoxic conditions to mimic diabetes patients with ischemia. The results of MTT and TUNEL assays indicate that Sal-B suppresses the apoptotic effect of treatment with high glucose combined with hypoxia in ESC-derived cardiomyocytes. In particular, Sal-B inhibited HIF1α, BNIP3, and cleavage caspase 3 expression levels, thereby suppressing apoptosis. This is the first study to mention the correlation between BNIP3 and Sal-B for cardioprotective effects. In conclusion, we suggest that Sal-B may be suitable for use as a future cardioprotective medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Liu SP, Hsu CY, Fu RH, Huang YC, Chen SY, Lin SZ, Shyu WC. Sambucus williamsii induced embryonic stem cells differentiated into neurons. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2015; 5:3. [PMID: 25705583 PMCID: PMC4331611 DOI: 10.7603/s40681-015-0003-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The pluripotent stem cells, including embryonic stem cells (ESCs), are capable of self-renewal and differentiation into any cell type, thus making them the focus of many clinical application studies. However, the efficiency of ESCs differentiated into neurons needs to improve. In this study, we tried to increase efficiently to a neural fate in the presence of various transitional Chinese medicines through a three-step differentiation strategy. From extracts of 10 transitional Chinese medicine candidates, we determined that Sambucus williamsii (SW) extract triggers the up-regulation of Nestin and Tuj1 (neuron cells markers) gene expression levels. After determining the different concentrations of SW extract, the number of neurons in the 200 μg/ml SW extract group was higher than the control, 50, 100, and 400 μg/ml SW extract groups. In addition, the number of neurons in the 200 μg/ml SW extract group was higher and higher after each time passage (three times). We also detected the Oct4, Sox2 (stem cells markers), Tuj1, and Nestin genes expression levels by RT-PCR. In the differentiated process, Oct4 and Sox2 genes decreased while the Tuj1 and Nestin genes expression levels increased. In summary, we demonstrated that SW could induce pluripotent stem cells differentiated into neurons. Thus, SW might become a powerful material for neurons–differentiating strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ping Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, 404 Taichung, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, 404 No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan ; Department of Social Work, Asia University, 413 Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, 404 No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Huei Fu
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, 404 Taichung, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, 404 Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuen Huang
- Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, 404 Taichung, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 404 Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yin Chen
- Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, 404 Taichung, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, 404 Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, 404 Taichung, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, 404 Taichung, Taiwan ; Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Beigan Hospital, 651 Yunlin, Taiwan ; Department of Neurosurgery, Tainan Municipal An-Nan Hospital-China Medical University, 709 Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Cherng Shyu
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, 404 Taichung, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, 404 Taichung, Taiwan
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Chen YM, Liu SP, Lin HL, Chan MC, Chen YC, Huang YL, Tsai MC, Fu RH. Irisflorentin improves α-synuclein accumulation and attenuates 6-OHDA-induced dopaminergic neuron degeneration, implication for Parkinson's disease therapy. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2015; 5:4. [PMID: 25705584 PMCID: PMC4326644 DOI: 10.7603/s40681-015-0004-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that is characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta as well as motor impairment. Aggregation of α-synuclein in neuronal cells plays a key role in this disease. At present, therapeutics for PD provides moderate symptomatic benefits, but it is not able to delay the development of the disease. Current efforts toward the treatment of PD are to identify new drugs that slow or arrest the progressive course of PD by interfering with a disease-specific pathogenetic process in PD patients. Irisflorentin derived from the roots of Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC. is an herb which has been used for the treatment of inflammatory disorders in traditional Chinese medicine. The purpose of the present study was to assess the potential for irisflorentin to ameliorate PD in Caenorhabditis elegans models. Our data reveal that irisflorentin prevents α-synuclein accumulation in the transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans model and also improves dopaminergic neuron degeneration, food-sensing behavior, and life-span in a 6-hydroxydopamine-induced Caenorhabditis elegans model, thus indicating its potential as a anti-parkinsonian drug candidate. Irisflorentin may exert its effects by promoting rpn-3 expression to enhance the activity of proteasomes and down-regulating egl-1 expression to block apoptosis pathways. These findings encourage further investigation on irisflorentin as a possible potent agent for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Mi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, 404 Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ping Liu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, 404 Taichung, Taiwan ; Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, 404 No. 91, Hsueh-shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Lien Lin
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, 404 Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chia Chan
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, 404 Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, 404 Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Huang
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, 404 Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chen Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, 404 Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Huei Fu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, 404 Taichung, Taiwan ; Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, 404 No. 91, Hsueh-shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
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Liu CH, Shyu WC, Fu RH, Huang SJ, Chang CH, Huang YC, Chen SY, Lin SZ, Liu SP. Salvianolic acid B maintained stem cell pluripotency and increased proliferation rate by activating Jak2-Stat3 combined with EGFR-Erk1/2 pathways. Cell Transplant 2015; 23:657-68. [PMID: 24816457 DOI: 10.3727/096368914x678391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are considered the most powerful in terms of differentiating into three-germ-layer cells. However, maintaining self-renewing ESCs and iPSCs in vitro requires leukemia-induced factor (LIF), an expensive reagent. Here we describe a less expensive compound that may serve as a LIF substitute-salvianolic acid B (Sal B), a Salvia miltiorrhiza extract. We found that Sal B is capable of upregulating Oct4 and Sox2, two genes considered important for the maintenance of ESC pluripotency. Our MTT data indicate that instead of triggering cell death, Sal B induced cell proliferation, especially at optimum concentrations of 0.01 nM and 0.1 nM. Other results indicate that compared to non-LIF controls, Sal B-treated ESCs expressed higher levels of several stem cell markers while still maintaining differentiation into three-germ-layer cells after six passages. Further, we found that Sal B triggers the Jak2-Stat3 and EGFR-ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Following Sal B treatment, (a) levels of phosphorylated (p)-Jak2, p-Stat3, p-EGFR, and p-ERK proteins all increased; (b) these increases were suppressed by AG490 (a Jak2 inhibitor) and ZD1839 (an EGFR inhibitor); and (c) cytokines associated with the Jak2-Stat3 signaling pathway were upregulated. Our findings suggest that Sal B can be used as a LIF replacement for maintaining ESC pluripotency while increasing cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Hui Liu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Chiu SC, Chung HY, Cho DY, Chan TM, Liu MC, Huang HM, Li TY, Lin JY, Chou PC, Fu RH, Yang WK, Harn HJ, Lin SZ. Therapeutic potential of microRNA let-7: tumor suppression or impeding normal stemness. Cell Transplant 2015; 23:459-69. [PMID: 24816444 DOI: 10.3727/096368914x678418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The first microRNA, let-7, and its family were discovered in Caenorhabditis elegans and are functionally conserved from worms to humans in the regulation of embryonic development and stemness. The let-7 family has been shown to have an essential role in stem cell differentiation and tumor-suppressive activity. Deregulating expression of let-7 is commonly reported in many human cancers. Emerging evidence has accumulated and suggests that reestablishment of let-7 in tumor cells is a valuable therapeutic strategy. However, findings reach beyond tumor therapeutics and may impinge on stemness and differentiation of stem cells. In this review, we discuss the role of let-7 in development and differentiation of normal adult stem/progenitor cells and offer a viewpoint of the association between deregulated let-7 expression and tumorigenesis. The regulation of let-7 expression, cancer-relevant let-7 targets, and the application of let-7 are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Chih Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Lin CY, Chen JH, Fu RH, Tsai CW. Induction of Pi Form of Glutathione S-Transferase by Carnosic Acid Is Mediated through PI3K/Akt/NF-κB Pathway and Protects against Neurotoxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:1958-66. [PMID: 25271104 DOI: 10.1021/tx5003063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yuan Lin
- Department
of Nutrition, China Medical University, 40402 Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Hsien Chen
- School
of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 40201 Taichung, Taiwan
- Department
of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, 40201 Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Huei Fu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, 40402 Taichung, Taiwan
- Center
for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, 40402 Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Tsai
- Department
of Nutrition, China Medical University, 40402 Taichung, Taiwan
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Chuang CY, Chen LY, Fu RH, Chen SM, Ho MH, Huang JM, Hsu CC, Wang CC, Chen MS, Tsai RT. Involvement of the carboxyl-terminal region of the yeast peroxisomal half ABC transporter Pxa2p in its interaction with Pxa1p and in transporter function. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104892. [PMID: 25118695 PMCID: PMC4132065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The peroxisome is a single membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells involved in lipid metabolism, including β-oxidation of fatty acids. The human genetic disorder X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is caused by mutations in the ABCD1 gene (encoding ALDP, a peroxisomal half ATP-binding cassette [ABC] transporter). This disease is characterized by defective peroxisomal β-oxidation and a large accumulation of very long-chain fatty acids in brain white matter, adrenal cortex, and testis. ALDP forms a homodimer proposed to be the functional transporter, whereas the peroxisomal transporter in yeast is a heterodimer comprising two half ABC transporters, Pxa1p and Pxa2p, both orthologs of human ALDP. While the carboxyl-terminal domain of ALDP is engaged in dimerization, it remains unknown whether the same region is involved in the interaction between Pxa1p and Pxa2p. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using a yeast two-hybrid assay, we found that the carboxyl-terminal region (CT) of Pxa2p, but not of Pxa1p, is required for their interaction. Further analysis indicated that the central part of the CT (designated CT2) of Pxa2p was indispensable for its interaction with the carboxyl terminally truncated Pxa1_NBD. An interaction between the CT of Pxa2p and Pxa1_NBD was not detected, but could be identified in the presence of Pxa2_NBD-CT1. A single mutation of two conserved residues (aligned with X-ALD-associated mutations at the same positions in ALDP) in the CT2 of the Pxa2_NBD-CT protein impaired its interaction with Pxa1_NBD or Pxa1_NBD-CT, resulting in a mutant protein that exhibited a proteinase K digestion profile different from that of the wild-type protein. Functional analysis of these mutant proteins on oleate plates indicated that they were defective in transporter function. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The CT of Pxa2p is involved in its interaction with Pxa1p and in transporter function. This concept may be applied to human ALDP studies, helping to establish the pathological mechanism for CT-related X-ALD disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yi Chuang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Yun Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Huei Fu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hua Ho
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jie-Mau Huang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Hsu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Cheng Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Shian Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Tzong Tsai
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Hung HS, Yang YC, Lin YC, Lin SZ, Kao WC, Hsieh HH, Chu MY, Fu RH, Hsu SH. Regulation of human endothelial progenitor cell maturation by polyurethane nanocomposites. Biomaterials 2014; 35:6810-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Fu RH, Wang YC, Liu SP, Shih TR, Lin HL, Chen YM, Sung JH, Lu CH, Wei JR, Wang ZW, Huang SJ, Tsai CH, Shyu WC, Lin SZ. Decellularization and Recellularization Technologies in Tissue Engineering. Cell Transplant 2014; 23:621-30. [PMID: 24816454 DOI: 10.3727/096368914x678382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Decellularization is the process by which cells are discharged from tissues/organs, but all of the essential cues for cell preservation and homeostasis are retained in a three-dimensional structure of the organ and its extracellular matrix components. During tissue decellularization, maintenance of the native ultrastructure and composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is extremely acceptable. For recellularization, the scaffold/matrix is seeded with cells, the final goal being to form a practical organ. In this review, we focus on the biological properties of the ECM that remains when a variety of decellularization methods are used, comparing recellularization technologies, including bioreactor expansion for perfusion-based bioartificial organs, and we discuss cell sources. In the future, decellularization–recellularization procedures may solve the problem of organ assembly on demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Huei Fu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Wang
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ping Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ton-Ru Shih
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Lien Lin
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Mi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Huei Sung
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Lu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Rong Wei
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Wan Wang
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Jer Huang
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hai Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Cherng Shyu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tainan Municipal An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Fu RH, Wang YC, Liu SP, Shih TR, Lin HL, Chen YM, Tsai RT, Tsai CH, Shyu WC, Lin SZ. Dryocrassin Suppresses Immunostimulatory Function of Dendritic Cells and Prolongs Skin Allograft Survival. Cell Transplant 2014; 23:641-56. [PMID: 24816456 DOI: 10.3727/096368914x678373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the major specialized antigen-presenting cells for the development of optimal T-cell immunity. DCs can be used as pharmacological targets to monitor novel biological modifiers for the cure of harmful immune responses, such as transplantation rejection. Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai (Aspiadaceae) is used for traditional herbal medicine in the region of East Asia. The root of this fern plant has been listed for treating inflammatory diseases. Dryocrassin is the tetrameric phlorophenone component derived from Dryopteris. Here we tested the immunomodulatory potential of dryocrassin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated activation of mouse bone marrow-derived DCs in vitro and in skin allograft transplantation in vivo. Results demonstrated that dryocrassin reduced the emission of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-12p70 by LPS-stimulated DCs. The expression of LPS-induced major histocompatibility complex class II, CD40, and CD86 on DCs was also blocked by dryocrassin. Moreover, LPS-stimulated DC-elicited allogeneic T-cell proliferation was alleviated by dryocrassin. In addition, dryocrassin inhibited LPS-induced activation of IkB kinase, JNK/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and the translocation of NF-κB. Treatment with dryocrassin noticeably diminished 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene-reduced delayed-type hypersensitivity and extended skin allograft survival. Dryocrassin may be one of the potent immunosuppressive agents for transplant rejection via the destruction of DC maturation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Huei Fu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Wang
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ping Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ton-Ru Shih
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Lien Lin
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Mi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Tzong Tsai
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hai Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Cherng Shyu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tainan Municipal An-Nan Hospital-China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Fu RH, Harn HJ, Liu SP, Chen CS, Chang WL, Chen YM, Huang JE, Li RJ, Tsai SY, Hung HS, Shyu WC, Lin SZ, Wang YC. n-butylidenephthalide protects against dopaminergic neuron degeneration and α-synuclein accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans models of Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85305. [PMID: 24416384 PMCID: PMC3885701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that impairs motor skills and cognitive function. To date, the disease has no effective therapies. The identification of new drugs that provide benefit in arresting the decline seen in PD patients is the focus of much recent study. However, the lengthy time frame for the progression of neurodegeneration in PD increases both the time and cost of examining potential therapeutic compounds in mammalian models. An alternative is to first evaluate the efficacy of compounds in Caenorhabditis elegans models, which reduces examination time from months to days. n-Butylidenephthalide is the naturally-occurring component derived from the chloroform extract of Angelica sinensis. It has been shown to have anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory properties, but no reports have yet described the effects of n-butylidenephthalide on PD. The aim of this study was to assess the potential for n-butylidenephthalide to improve PD in C. elegans models. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In the current study, we employed a pharmacological strain that expresses green fluorescent protein specifically in dopaminergic neurons (BZ555) and a transgenic strain that expresses human α-synuclein in muscle cells (OW13) to investigate the antiparkinsonian activities of n-butylidenephthalide. Our results demonstrate that in PD animal models, n-butylidenephthalide significantly attenuates dopaminergic neuron degeneration induced by 6-hydroxydopamine; reduces α-synuclein accumulation; recovers lipid content, food-sensing behavior, and dopamine levels; and prolongs life-span of 6-hydroxydopamine treatment, thus revealing its potential as a possible antiparkinsonian drug. n-Butylidenephthalide may exert its effects by blocking egl-1 expression to inhibit apoptosis pathways and by raising rpn-6 expression to enhance the activity of proteasomes. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE n-Butylidenephthalide may be one of the effective neuroprotective agents for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Huei Fu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Jyh Harn
- Department of Pathology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ping Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Shi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lin Chang
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Mi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-En Huang
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Jhu Li
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Yu Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Shan Hung
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Cherng Shyu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tainan Municipal An-Nan Hospital-China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Wang
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Liu SP, Fu RH, Wu DC, Hsu CY, Chang CH, Lee W, Lee YD, Liu CH, Chien YJ, Lin SZ, Shyu WC. Mouse-induced pluripotent stem cells generated under hypoxic conditions in the absence of viral infection and oncogenic factors and used for ischemic stroke therapy. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:421-33. [PMID: 24266622 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are considered as having the greatest potential for use in cell-based therapies. However, at least two hurdles remain: integrating viral transgenes and introducing the c-Myc and Klf4 oncogenes. In a previous study, fibroblasts were incapable of generating iPS cells in the absence of both oncogenes and viral infection. For the present study, we tested our hypothesis that iPS cells can be generated without oncogenes and viral infection under hypoxic conditions and used for cell therapies. By avoiding oncogenic factors and virus integration, this strategy would decrease the potential for cancer formation. According to our observations, the repeated transfection of two expression plasmids (Oct4 and Sox2) into mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and combined hypoxic condition resulted in the generation of a novel iPS cell. At 6 h post-transfection, MEFs were subjected to hypoxic conditions (3% O2) for 24 h; this procedure was repeated four times. The resulting MEFs were seeded on feeder cells on day 9; iPS cell clones were observed 12 days post-seeding and designated as iPS-OSH. Data for cell morphology, stem cell marker staining, gene expression profiles, and embryonic body, teratoma, and chimeric mouse formation indicated iPS-OSH pluripotent capability. Neural precursor cells differentiated from iPS-OSH cells were used to treat an ischemic stroke mouse model; results from a behavior analysis indicate that the therapeutic group surpassed the control group. Further, iPS-OSH-derived neural precursor cells differentiated into neurons and astrocytes in mouse stroke brains. In conclusion, we generated a novel iPS-OSH in the absence of viral infection and oncogenic factors and could use it for ischemic stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ping Liu
- 1 Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital , Taichung, Taiwan
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Huang SJ, Fu RH, Shyu WC, Liu SP, Jong GP, Chiu YW, Wu HS, Tsou YA, Cheng CW, Lin SZ. Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: Isolation, Characterization, and Differentiation Potential. Cell Transplant 2013; 22:701-9. [PMID: 23068312 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x655127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, the two main types of adipose tissues, white and brown adipose tissues, exert different physiological functions. White adipose tissue (WAT) is for storing energy, while brown adipose tissue (BAT) is for energy consumption. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are abundant in WAT and BAT, have multipotent characteristics, and are easily extracted. ADSCs can be differentiated into several cell lineages, including adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes (cartilage cells), myocytes, and neuronal cells. Therefore, ADSC could be considered as a strategy for future regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyh-Jer Huang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ru-Huei Fu
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Woei-Cherng Shyu
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Ping Liu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Gwo-Ping Jong
- Division of Cardiology, Armed Forces Taichung General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yung-Wei Chiu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Emergency Department and Center of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiao-Su Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yung-An Tsou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chao-Wen Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan, ROC
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Fu RH, Liu SP, Huang SJ, Chen HJ, Chen PR, Lin YH, Ho YC, Chang WL, Tsai CH, Shyu WC, Lin SZ. Aberrant Alternative Splicing Events in Parkinson's Disease. Cell Transplant 2013; 22:653-61. [PMID: 23127794 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x655154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) using a sole gene to express multiple transcripts with diverse protein coding sequences and/or RNA regulatory elements raises genomic complexities. In the nervous system, several thousand AS events play important roles in ion transportation, receptor recognition, neurotransmission, memory, and learning. Not surprisingly, AS influences human physiology, development, and disease. Many research studies have focused on aberrant AS in nervous system diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system. PD affects the lives of several million people globally. It is caused by protein aggregation, such as in Lewy bodies, and the loss of dopamine-containing neurons in the substantia nigra of the midbrain. To our knowledge, six genes, including PARK2, SNCAIP, LRRK2, SNCA, SRRM2, and MAPT, are involved in aberrant AS events in PD patients. In this review, we highlight the relevance of aberrant AS in PD and discuss the use of an aberrant AS profile as a potential diagnostic or prognostic marker for PD and as a possible means of applying therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Huei Fu
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Ping Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shyh-Jer Huang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hung-Jen Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pin-Ru Chen
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ya-Hsien Lin
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Chen Ho
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Lin Chang
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chang-Hai Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Woei-Cherng Shyu
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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Fu RH, Wang YC, Liu SP, Chu CL, Tsai RT, Ho YC, Chang WL, Chiu SC, Harn HJ, Shyu WC, Lin SZ. Acetylcorynoline impairs the maturation of mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells via suppression of IκB kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase activities. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58398. [PMID: 23472193 PMCID: PMC3589392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dendritic cells (DCs) are major modulators in the immune system. One active field of research is the manipulation of DCs as pharmacological targets to screen novel biological modifiers for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Acetylcorynoline is the major alkaloid component derived from Corydalis bungeana herbs. We assessed the capability of acetylcorynoline to regulate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated activation of mouse bone marrow-derived DCs. Methodology/Principal Findings Our experimental data showed that treatment with up to 20 µM acetylcorynoline does not cause cytotoxicity in cells. Acetylcorynoline significantly inhibited the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-12p70 by LPS-stimulated DCs. The expression of LPS-induced major histocompatibility complex class II, CD40, and CD86 on DCs was also decreased by acetylcorynoline, and the endocytic capacity of LPS-stimulated DCs was restored by acetylcorynoline. In addition, LPS-stimulated DC-elicited allogeneic T-cell proliferation was blocked by acetylcorynoline, and the migratory ability of LPS-stimulated DCs was reduced by acetylcorynoline. Moreover, acetylcorynoline significantly inhibits LPS-induced activation of IκB kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase. Importantly, administration of acetylcorynoline significantly attenuates 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity. Conclusions/Significance Acetylcorynoline may be one of the potent immunosuppressive agents through the blockage of DC maturation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Huei Fu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (RHF); (SRL)
| | - Yu-Chi Wang
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ping Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Liang Chu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Tzong Tsai
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Ho
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lin Chang
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chih Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Jyh Harn
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Cherng Shyu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (RHF); (SRL)
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Fu RH, Liu SP, Chu CL, Lin YH, Ho YC, Chiu SC, Lin WY, Shyu WC, Lin SZ. Myricetin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-stimulated activation of mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells through suppression of IKK/NF-κB and MAPK signalling pathways. J Sci Food Agric 2013; 93:76-84. [PMID: 22689051 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myricetin is a naturally occurring flavonoid that is found in many fruits, vegetables, teas and medicinal herbs. It has been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory properties, but, to date, no studies have described the immunomodulatory effects of myricetin on the functions of dendritic cells (DCs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential for myricetin to modulate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated activation of mouse bone marrow-derived DCs. RESULTS Our experimental data showed that treatment with myricetin up to 10 µg mL(-1) does not cause cytotoxicity in cells. Myricetin significantly decreased the secretion of tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-12p70 by LPS-stimulated DCs. The expression of LPS-induced major histocompatibility class II, CD40 and CD86 on DCs was also inhibited by myricetin, and the endocytic and migratory capacity of LPS-stimulated DCs was blocked by myricentin. In addition, LPS-stimulated DC-elicited allogeneic T-cell proliferation was reduced by myricetin. Moreover, our results confirmed that myricetin attenuates the responses of LPS-stimulated activation of DCs via suppression of IκB kinase/nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent pathways. CONCLUSION Myricetin has novel immunopharmacological activity, and modulation of DCs by myricetin may be an attractive strategy for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, and for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Huei Fu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Liu SP, Fu RH, Huang SJ, Huang YC, Chen SY, Chang CH, Liu CH, Tsai CH, Shyu WC, Lin SZ. Stem cell applications in regenerative medicine for neurological disorders. Cell Transplant 2012; 22:631-7. [PMID: 23127757 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x655145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are capable of self-renewal and differentiation into a wide range of cell types with multiple clinical and therapeutic applications. Stem cells are providing hope for many diseases that currently lack effective therapeutic methods, including stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Embryonic stem (ES) cells were originally targeted for differentiation into functional dopamine neurons for cell therapy. Today, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are being tested for such purposes as generating functional dopamine neurons and treating a rat model of Parkinson's disease. In addition, neural stem cell and mesenchymal stem cells are also being used in neurodegenerative disorder therapies for stroke and Parkinson's disease. Although stem cell therapy is still in its infancy, it will likely become a powerful tool for many diseases that currently do not have effective therapeutic approaches. In this article, we discuss current research on the potential application of neural stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, ES cells, and iPS cells to neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ping Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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Liu SP, Harn HJ, Chien YJ, Chang CH, Hsu CY, Fu RH, Huang YC, Chen SY, Shyu WC, Lin SZ. n-Butylidenephthalide (BP) maintains stem cell pluripotency by activating Jak2/Stat3 pathway and increases the efficiency of iPS cells generation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44024. [PMID: 22970157 PMCID: PMC3436873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2006, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells were generated from somatic cells by introducing Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc and Klf4. The original process was inefficient; maintaining the pluripotency of embryonic stem (ES) and iPS cell cultures required an expensive reagent–leukemia induced factor (LIF). Our goal is to find a pure compound that not only maintains ES and iPS cell pluripotency, but also increases iPS cell generation efficiency. From 15 candidate compounds we determined that 10 µg/ml n-Butylidenephthalide (BP), an Angelica sinensis extract, triggers the up-regulation of Oct4 and Sox2 gene expression levels in MEF cells. We used ES and iPS cells treated with different concentrations of BP to test its usefulness for maintaining stem cell pluripotency. Results indicate higher expression levels of several stem cell markers in BP-treated ES and iPS cells compared to controls that did not contain LIF, including alkaline phosphatase, SSEA1, and Nanog. Embryoid body formation and differentiation results confirm that BP containing medium culture was capable of maintaining ES cell pluripotency after six time passage. Microarray analysis data identified PPAR, ECM, and Jak-Stat signaling as the top three deregulated pathways. We subsequently determined that phosphorylated Jak2 and phosphorylated Stat3 protein levels increased following BP treatment and suppressed with the Jak2 inhibitor, AG490. The gene expression levels of cytokines associated with the Jak2-Stat3 pathway were also up-regulated. Last, we used pou5f1-GFP MEF cells to test iPS generation efficiency following BP treatment. Our data demonstrate the ability of BP to maintain stem cell pluripotency via the Jak2-Stat3 pathway by inducing cytokine expression levels, at the same time improving iPS generation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ping Liu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Fu RH, Liu SP, Huang CM, Lin YH, Shyu WC, Lin SZ. Characterization and functional study of CPAP-associated protein-1(CPAPAP-1) in NF-κB-mediated transcriptional activation (116.3). The Journal of Immunology 2011. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.186.supp.116.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) is a Rel transcription factor that controls the gene expression involved in immune response, inflammation, apoptosis, and proliferation. Centrosomal P4.1-associated protein (CPAP) is an associating partner of the p65 subunit (RelA) of NF-κB. Molecular biology assays and cell biology experiments showed that the role of CPAP is a coactivator of NF-κB-mediated transcription. The C-terminal region of CPAP appears to contribute NF-κB-mediated transcriptional activation. However, knowledge about the factors that interact with the C-terminal region of CPAP is still little. In a yeast two-hybrid screen using the C-terminal region of CPAP as bait, we isolated a novel associating partner named CPAP-associated protein-1 (CPAPAP-1, GenBank: BC114945). CPAPAP-1 has the effector domain (cAMP) of the CAP family of transcription factors. We confirmed that CPAPAP-1 associates with C-terminal region of CPAP by using Glutathione S-transferase pull-down assays and co-immunoprecipitation experiments. After treatment with TNFα, a portion of CPAPAP-1 was observed to accumulate in the nucleus. We also confirmed that CPAPAP-1 controlled activation of TNFα-induced NF-κB by using NF-κB-dependent reporter gene expression assay and RNA interference technique. These results suggest that CPAPAP-1 functions as a coactivator of NF-κB-mediated transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Huei Fu
- 1Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- 2Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ping Liu
- 1Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- 3Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Mao Huang
- 1Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hsien Lin
- 1Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Cherng Shyu
- 1Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- 2Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- 1Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- 2Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- 4China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
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Fu RH, Hran HJ, Chu CL, Huang CM, Liu SP, Wang YC, Lin YH, Shyu WC, Lin SZ. Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated activation of murine DC2.4 cells is attenuated by n-butylidenephthalide through suppression of the NF-κB pathway. Biotechnol Lett 2011; 33:903-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-011-0528-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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