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Chafsey I, Ostrowski R, Guilbaud M, Teixeira P, Herry JM, Caccia N, Chambon C, Hébraud M, Azeredo J, Bellon-Fontaine MN, Popowska M, Desvaux M. Deep impact of the inactivation of the SecA2-only protein export pathway on the proteosurfaceome of Listeria monocytogenes. J Proteomics 2022; 250:104388. [PMID: 34601155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes presents a dimorphism associated to the SecA2 activity with cells having a normal rod shape or a dysmorphic elongated filamentous form. Besides variation of the cell and colony morphotype, this cell differentiation has profound ecophysiological and physiopathological implications with collateral effects on virulence and pathogenicity, biotope colonisation, bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. This suggests the SecA2-only protein export could influence the listerial cell surface, which was investigated first by characterising its properties in L. monocytogenes wt and ΔsecA2. The degree of hydrophilicity and Lewis acid-base properties appeared significantly affected upon SecA2 inactivation. As modification of electrostatic properties would owe to modification in the composition of cell-surface proteins, the proteosurfaceome was further investigated by shotgun label-free proteomic analysis with a comparative relative quantitative approach. Following secretomic analysis, the protein secretion routes of the identified proteins were mapped considering the cognate transport and post-translocational maturation systems, as well as protein categories and subcellular localisation. Differential protein abundance profiles coupled to network analysis revealed the SecA2 dependence of 48 proteins, including some related to cell envelope biogenesis, translation and protein export, which could account for modifications of adhesion and surface properties of L. monocytogenes upon SecA2 inactivation. This investigation unravelled the profound influence of SecA2 activity on the cell surface properties and proteosurfaceome of L. monocytogenes, which provides advanced insights about its ecophysiopathology. SIGNIFICANCE: L. monocytogenes is a foodborne zoonotic pathogen and etiological agent of human listeriosis. This species presents a cellular dimorphism associated to the SecA2 activity that has profound physiopathological and ecophysiological implications with collateral effects on bacterial virulence and colonisation. To explore the influence of the SecA2-only protein export on the listerial cell, the surface properties of L. monocytogenes expressing or depleted of SecA2 was characterised by microelectrophoresis, microbial affinity to solvents and contact angles analyses. As modifications of hydrophilicity and Lewis acid-base electrostatic properties would owe to modification in the composition of cell-surface proteins, the proteinaceous subset of the surfaceome, i.e. the proteosurfaceome, was investigated further by shotgun label-free proteomic analysis. This subproteome appeared quite impacted upon SecA2 inactivation with the identification of proteins accounting for modifications in the cell surface properties. The profound influence of SecA2 activity on the cell surface of L. monocytogenes was unravelled, which provides advanced insights about its ecophysiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Chafsey
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR454 MEDiS, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Rafal Ostrowski
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Department of Bacterial Physiology, Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Morgan Guilbaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR SayFood, 91300 Massy, France
| | - Pilar Teixeira
- University of Minho, Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Jean-Marie Herry
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR SayFood, 91300 Massy, France
| | - Nelly Caccia
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR454 MEDiS, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christophe Chambon
- INRAE, Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, 63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Michel Hébraud
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR454 MEDiS, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; INRAE, Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, 63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Joana Azeredo
- University of Minho, Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | | | - Magdalena Popowska
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Department of Bacterial Physiology, Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Mickaël Desvaux
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR454 MEDiS, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Mohanta YK, Chakrabartty I, Mishra AK, Chopra H, Mahanta S, Avula SK, Patowary K, Ahmed R, Mishra B, Mohanta TK, Saravanan M, Sharma N. Nanotechnology in combating biofilm: A smart and promising therapeutic strategy. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1028086. [PMID: 36938129 PMCID: PMC10020670 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1028086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the birth of civilization, people have recognized that infectious microbes cause serious and often fatal diseases in humans. One of the most dangerous characteristics of microorganisms is their propensity to form biofilms. It is linked to the development of long-lasting infections and more severe illness. An obstacle to eliminating such intricate structures is their resistance to the drugs now utilized in clinical practice (biofilms). Finding new compounds with anti-biofilm effect is, thus, essential. Infections caused by bacterial biofilms are something that nanotechnology has lately shown promise in treating. More and more studies are being conducted to determine whether nanoparticles (NPs) are useful in the fight against bacterial infections. While there have been a small number of clinical trials, there have been several in vitro outcomes examining the effects of antimicrobial NPs. Nanotechnology provides secure delivery platforms for targeted treatments to combat the wide range of microbial infections caused by biofilms. The increase in pharmaceuticals' bioactive potential is one of the many ways in which nanotechnology has been applied to drug delivery. The current research details the utilization of several nanoparticles in the targeted medication delivery strategy for managing microbial biofilms, including metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, liposomes, micro-, and nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles, and polymeric nanoparticles. Our understanding of how these nanosystems aid in the fight against biofilms has been expanded through their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugal Kishore Mohanta
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya (USTM), Techno City, Meghalaya, India
- *Correspondence: Yugal Kishore Mohanta,
| | - Ishani Chakrabartty
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya (USTM), Techno City, Meghalaya, India
- Indegene Pvt. Ltd., Manyata Tech Park, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Saurov Mahanta
- National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology (NIELIT), Guwahati Centre, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Satya Kumar Avula
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Kaustuvmani Patowary
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya (USTM), Techno City, Meghalaya, India
| | - Ramzan Ahmed
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya (USTM), Techno City, Meghalaya, India
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bibhudutta Mishra
- Department of Gastroenterology and HNU, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tapan Kumar Mohanta
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
- Tapan Kumar Mohanta,
| | - Muthupandian Saravanan
- AMR and Nanotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
| | - Nanaocha Sharma
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal, Manipur, India
- Nanaocha Sharma,
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Sharma S, Jaiswal S, Duffy B, Jaiswal AK. Advances in emerging technologies for the decontamination of the food contact surfaces. Food Res Int 2022; 151:110865. [PMID: 34980401 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Foodborne pathogens could be transferred to food from food contact surfaces contaminated by poor hygiene or biofilm formation. The food processing industry has various conditions favouring microbes' adherence, such as moisture, nutrients, and the microbial inoculums obtained from the raw material. The function of the ideal antimicrobial surface is preventing initial attachment of the microbes, killing the microbes or/and removing the dead bacteria. This review article provides detail about the challenges food industries are facing with respect to food contact materials. It also summarises the merits and demerits of several sanitizing methods developed for industrial use. Furthermore, it reviews the new and emerging techniques that enhance the efficiency of reducing microbial contamination. Techniques such as surface functionalisation, high-intensity ultrasound, cold plasma technologies etc. which have high potential to be used for the decontamination of food contact surfaces are discussed. The emerging designs of antibacterial surfaces provide the opportunity to reduce or eradicate the adhesion of microorganisms. The most important purpose of these surfaces is to prevent the attachment of bacteria and to kill the bacteria that come in contact. These emerging technologies have a high potential for developing safe and inert food contact materials for the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Sharma
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin - City Campus, Central Quad, Grangegorman, Dublin D07 ADY7, Ireland; Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute, Technological University Dublin - City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin D07 H6K8, Ireland; Centre for Research in Engineering and Surface Technology (CREST-Gateway), FOCAS Institute, Technological University Dublin - City Campus, Kevin Street, Dublin D08 CKP1, Ireland
| | - Swarna Jaiswal
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin - City Campus, Central Quad, Grangegorman, Dublin D07 ADY7, Ireland; Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute, Technological University Dublin - City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin D07 H6K8, Ireland.
| | - Brendan Duffy
- Centre for Research in Engineering and Surface Technology (CREST-Gateway), FOCAS Institute, Technological University Dublin - City Campus, Kevin Street, Dublin D08 CKP1, Ireland
| | - Amit K Jaiswal
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin - City Campus, Central Quad, Grangegorman, Dublin D07 ADY7, Ireland; Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute, Technological University Dublin - City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin D07 H6K8, Ireland
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De Oliveira Mota J, Boué G, Prévost H, Maillet A, Jaffres E, Maignien T, Arnich N, Sanaa M, Federighi M. Environmental monitoring program to support food microbiological safety and quality in food industries: A scoping review of the research and guidelines. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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55
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Obe T, Nannapaneni R, Schilling W, Zhang L, Kiess A. Antimicrobial tolerance, biofilm formation, and molecular characterization of Salmonella isolates from poultry processing equipment. J APPL POULTRY RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2021.100195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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56
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Recent advances in anti-adhesion mechanism of natural antimicrobial agents on fresh produce. Curr Opin Food Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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57
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Shedleur-Bourguignon F, Thériault WP, Longpré J, Thibodeau A, Fravalo P. Use of an Ecosystem-Based Approach to Shed Light on the Heterogeneity of the Contamination Pattern of Listeria monocytogenes on Conveyor Belt Surfaces in a Swine Slaughterhouse in the Province of Quebec, Canada. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111368. [PMID: 34832524 PMCID: PMC8625388 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the accompanying microbiota in the presence of Listeria monocytogenes on meat processing surfaces is not yet understood, especially in industrial production conditions. In this study, 300 conveyor belt samples from the cutting room of a swine slaughterhouse were collected during production. The samples were subjected to the detection of L. monocytogenes. Recovered strains were characterized by serogrouping-PCR, InlA Sanger sequencing and for their ability to form biofilm. A selection of isolates was compared with core genome multi-locus sequence typing analysis (cgMLST). The sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S RNA gene of the microorganisms harvested from each sample was carried out in parallel using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Diversity analyses were performed and MaAsLin analysis was used to assess the link between L. monocytogenes detection and the surrounding bacteria. The 72 isolates collected showed a low genetic diversity and important persistence characteristics. L. monocytogenes isolates were not stochastically distributed on the surfaces: the isolates were detected on three out of six production lines, each associated with a specific meat cut: the half carcasses, the bostons and the picnics. MaAsLin biomarker analysis identified the taxa Veillonella (p ≤ 0.0397) as a bacterial determinant of the presence of L. monocytogenes on processing surfaces. The results of this study revealed a heterogenous contamination pattern of the processing surfaces by L. monocytogenes and targeted a bacterial indicator of the presence of the pathogen. These results could lead to a better risk assessment of the contamination of meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanie Shedleur-Bourguignon
- NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat Safety (CRSV), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (F.S.-B.); (W.P.T.); (A.T.)
| | - William P. Thériault
- NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat Safety (CRSV), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (F.S.-B.); (W.P.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Jessie Longpré
- F. Ménard, Division d’Olymel s.e.c., Ange-Gardien, QC J0E 1E0, Canada;
| | - Alexandre Thibodeau
- NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat Safety (CRSV), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (F.S.-B.); (W.P.T.); (A.T.)
- CRIPA Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Philippe Fravalo
- NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Meat Safety (CRSV), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (F.S.-B.); (W.P.T.); (A.T.)
- F. Ménard, Division d’Olymel s.e.c., Ange-Gardien, QC J0E 1E0, Canada;
- CRIPA Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
- Pôle Agroalimentaire, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (Cnam), 75003 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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58
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Unrath N, McCabe E, Macori G, Fanning S. Application of Whole Genome Sequencing to Aid in Deciphering the Persistence Potential of Listeria monocytogenes in Food Production Environments. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1856. [PMID: 34576750 PMCID: PMC8464834 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is the etiological agent of listeriosis, a foodborne illness associated with high hospitalizations and mortality rates. This bacterium can persist in food associated environments for years with isolates being increasingly linked to outbreaks. This review presents a discussion of genomes of Listeria monocytogenes which are commonly regarded as persisters within food production environments, as well as genes which are involved in mechanisms aiding this phenotype. Although criteria for the detection of persistence remain undefined, the advent of whole genome sequencing (WGS) and the development of bioinformatic tools have revolutionized the ability to find closely related strains. These advancements will facilitate the identification of mechanisms responsible for persistence among indistinguishable genomes. In turn, this will lead to improved assessments of the importance of biofilm formation, adaptation to stressful conditions and tolerance to sterilizers in relation to the persistence of this bacterium, all of which have been previously associated with this phenotype. Despite much research being published around the topic of persistence, more insights are required to further elucidate the nature of true persistence and its implications for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Unrath
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 N2E5 Dublin, Ireland; (N.U.); (E.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Evonne McCabe
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 N2E5 Dublin, Ireland; (N.U.); (E.M.); (G.M.)
- Department of Microbiology, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, D04 T6F4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Guerrino Macori
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 N2E5 Dublin, Ireland; (N.U.); (E.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Séamus Fanning
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 N2E5 Dublin, Ireland; (N.U.); (E.M.); (G.M.)
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Samrot AV, Abubakar Mohamed A, Faradjeva E, Si Jie L, Hooi Sze C, Arif A, Chuan Sean T, Norbert Michael E, Yeok Mun C, Xiao Qi N, Ling Mok P, Kumar SS. Mechanisms and Impact of Biofilms and Targeting of Biofilms Using Bioactive Compounds-A Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:839. [PMID: 34441045 PMCID: PMC8401077 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57080839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms comprising aggregates of microorganisms or multicellular communities have been a major issue as they cause resistance against antimicrobial agents and biofouling. To date, numerous biofilm-forming microorganisms have been identified, which have been shown to result in major effects including biofouling and biofilm-related infections. Quorum sensing (which describes the cell communication within biofilms) plays a vital role in the regulation of biofilm formation and its virulence. As such, elucidating the various mechanisms responsible for biofilm resistance (including quorum sensing) will assist in developing strategies to inhibit and control the formation of biofilms in nature. Employing biological control measures (such as the use of bioactive compounds) in targeting biofilms is of great interest since they naturally possess antimicrobial activity among other favorable attributes and can also possibly act as potent antibiofilm agents. As an effort to re-establish the current notion and understanding of biofilms, the present review discuss the stages involved in biofilm formation, the factors contributing to its development, the effects of biofilms in various industries, and the use of various bioactive compounds and their strategies in biofilm inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony V. Samrot
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.M.); (E.F.); (L.S.J.); (C.H.S.); (A.A.); (T.C.S.); (E.N.M.); (C.Y.M.); (N.X.Q.)
| | - Amira Abubakar Mohamed
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.M.); (E.F.); (L.S.J.); (C.H.S.); (A.A.); (T.C.S.); (E.N.M.); (C.Y.M.); (N.X.Q.)
| | - Etel Faradjeva
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.M.); (E.F.); (L.S.J.); (C.H.S.); (A.A.); (T.C.S.); (E.N.M.); (C.Y.M.); (N.X.Q.)
| | - Lee Si Jie
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.M.); (E.F.); (L.S.J.); (C.H.S.); (A.A.); (T.C.S.); (E.N.M.); (C.Y.M.); (N.X.Q.)
| | - Chin Hooi Sze
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.M.); (E.F.); (L.S.J.); (C.H.S.); (A.A.); (T.C.S.); (E.N.M.); (C.Y.M.); (N.X.Q.)
| | - Akasha Arif
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.M.); (E.F.); (L.S.J.); (C.H.S.); (A.A.); (T.C.S.); (E.N.M.); (C.Y.M.); (N.X.Q.)
| | - Tan Chuan Sean
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.M.); (E.F.); (L.S.J.); (C.H.S.); (A.A.); (T.C.S.); (E.N.M.); (C.Y.M.); (N.X.Q.)
| | - Emmanuel Norbert Michael
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.M.); (E.F.); (L.S.J.); (C.H.S.); (A.A.); (T.C.S.); (E.N.M.); (C.Y.M.); (N.X.Q.)
| | - Chua Yeok Mun
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.M.); (E.F.); (L.S.J.); (C.H.S.); (A.A.); (T.C.S.); (E.N.M.); (C.Y.M.); (N.X.Q.)
| | - Ng Xiao Qi
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.M.); (E.F.); (L.S.J.); (C.H.S.); (A.A.); (T.C.S.); (E.N.M.); (C.Y.M.); (N.X.Q.)
| | - Pooi Ling Mok
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suresh S. Kumar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Agharam Road Selaiyur, Chennai 600 073, Tamil Nadu, India
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Di Cerbo A, Rosace G, Rea S, Stocchi R, Morales-Medina JC, Canton R, Mescola A, Condò C, Loschi AR, Sabia C. Time-Course Study of the Antibacterial Activity of an Amorphous SiO xC yH z Coating Certified for Food Contact. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10080901. [PMID: 34438952 PMCID: PMC8388733 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10080901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most-used food contact materials is stainless steel (AISI 304L or AISI 316L), owing to its high mechanical strength, cleanability, and corrosion resistance. However, due to the presence of minimal crevices, stainless-steel is subject to microbial contamination with consequent significant reverb on health and industry costs due to the lack of effective reliability of sanitizing agents and procedures. In this study, we evaluated the noncytotoxic effect of an amorphous SiOxCyHz coating deposited on stainless-steel disks and performed a time-course evaluation for four Gram-negative bacteria and four Gram-positive bacteria. A low cytotoxicity of the SiOxCyHz coating was observed; moreover, except for some samples, a five-logarithm decrease was visible after 1 h on coated surfaces without any sanitizing treatment and inoculated with Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Conversely, a complete bacterial removal was observed after 30 s−1 min application of alcohol and already after 15 s under UVC irradiation against both bacterial groups. Moreover, coating deposition changed the wetting behaviors of treated samples, with contact angles increasing from 90.25° to 113.73°, realizing a transformation from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity, with tremendous repercussions in various technological applications, including the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Di Cerbo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (S.R.); (R.S.); (A.R.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-073-740-3466
| | - Giuseppe Rosace
- Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Bergamo, 24044 Dalmine, Italy;
| | - Stefano Rea
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (S.R.); (R.S.); (A.R.L.)
| | - Roberta Stocchi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (S.R.); (R.S.); (A.R.L.)
| | - Julio Cesar Morales-Medina
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV-Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, AP 62, Tlaxcala 90000, Mexico;
| | | | | | - Carla Condò
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (C.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Anna Rita Loschi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy; (S.R.); (R.S.); (A.R.L.)
| | - Carla Sabia
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (C.C.); (C.S.)
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Ruan X, Deng X, Tan M, Yu C, Zhang M, Sun Y, Jiang N. In vitro antibiofilm activity of resveratrol against avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:249. [PMID: 34284781 PMCID: PMC8290534 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02961-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strains cause infectious diseases in poultry. Resveratrol is extracted from Polygonum cuspidatum, Cassia tora Linn and Vitis vinifera, and displays good antimicrobial activity. The present study aimed to investigate the antibiofilm effect of resveratrol on APEC in vitro. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of resveratrol and the antibiotic florfenicol toward APEC were detected using the broth microdilution method. Then, the effect of resveratrol on swimming and swarming motility was investigated using a semisolid medium culture method. Subsequently, the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) and the biofilm eradication rate were evaluated using crystal violet staining. Finally, the antibiofilm activity of resveratrol was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Meanwhile, the effects of florfenicol combined with resveratrol against biofilm formation by APEC were evaluated using optical microscopy (OM) and a confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). RESULTS The MICs of resveratrol and florfenicol toward APEC were 128 μg/mL and 64 μg/mL, respectively. The swimming and swarming motility abilities of APEC were inhibited in a resveratrol dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, resveratrol showed a significant inhibitory activity against APEC biofilm formation at concentrations above 1 μg/mL (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, the inhibitory effect of resveratrol at 32 μg/mL on biofilm formation was observed using SEM. The APEC biofilm was eradicated at 32 μg/mL of resveratrol combined with 64 μg/mL of florfenicol, which was observed using CLSM and OM. Florfenicol had a slight eradication effect of biofilm formation, whereas resveratrol had a strong biofilm eradication effect toward APEC. CONCLUSION Resveratrol displayed good antibiofilm activity against APEC in vitro, including inhibition of swimming and swarming motility, biofilm formation, and could eradicate the biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchun Ruan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui Province, China. .,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Hefei, 230036, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Xiaoling Deng
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui Province, China
| | - Meiling Tan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chengbo Yu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui Province, China
| | - Meishi Zhang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui Province, China
| | - Nuohao Jiang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui Province, China
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Sanches MS, Rodrigues da Silva C, Silva LC, Montini VH, Lopes Barboza MG, Migliorini Guidone GH, Dias de Oliva BH, Nishio EK, Faccin Galhardi LC, Vespero EC, Lelles Nogueira MC, Dejato Rocha SP. Proteus mirabilis from community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTI-CA) shares genetic similarity and virulence factors with isolates from chicken, beef and pork meat. Microb Pathog 2021; 158:105098. [PMID: 34280499 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Proteus mirabilis is an opportunistic pathogen associated with a variety of infections in humans, especially those in the urinary tract. The isolation of this pathogen in foods of animal origin such as meat is poorly documented and should not be neglected, in view of the zoonotic risk that this can pose to human health. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, virulence profile, and similarity between P. mirabilis strains isolated from chicken, beef, and pork meat and those causing community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTI-CA), in order to better understand the role of this bacterium as a zoonotic pathogen. P. mirabilis was isolated from the three types of meat and was found to be more prevalent in chicken. All isolates exhibited several genotypic and phenotypic virulence characteristics, such as adhesion capacity in HEp-2 cell culture, biofilm formation, cytotoxicity in Vero cells and genes that express fimbriae (mrpA, pmfA, ucaA, atfA), hemolysin (hpmA), proteases (zapA and ptA) and siderophore receptor (ireA). UTI-CA strains showed a higher prevalence of ucaA and ireA genes, whereas those from the chicken meat had a higher prevalence of the atfA gene compared with the isolates from the beef and pork meat. It was observed that chicken meat and UTI-CA strains mainly formed very strong biofilms, whereas strains isolated from beef and pork formed more weak and moderate biofilms. Several strains from meat showed close genetic similarity to those from UTI-CA and had the same virulence profiles. Thus, meats may be an important source of the dissemination of P. mirabilis responsible for causing UTIs in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Silva Sanches
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Caroline Rodrigues da Silva
- Microorganism Research Center, Department of Dermatological, Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Health Sciences Center, Medical School of São José Do Rio Preto, São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana Carvalho Silva
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Montini
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Mario Gabriel Lopes Barboza
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Henrique Dias de Oliva
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Erick Kenji Nishio
- Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Ligia Carla Faccin Galhardi
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Eliana Carolina Vespero
- Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, University Hospital of Londrina, State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mara Corrêa Lelles Nogueira
- Microorganism Research Center, Department of Dermatological, Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Health Sciences Center, Medical School of São José Do Rio Preto, São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Paulo Dejato Rocha
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.
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63
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Chang Y, Bai J, Yu H, Chang PS, Nitin N. Synergistic Inactivation of Bacteria Using a Combination of Erythorbyl Laurate and UV Type-A Light Treatment. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:682900. [PMID: 34335506 PMCID: PMC8322444 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.682900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the synergistic antimicrobial activity of erythorbyl laurate (EL) and UV type-A (UVA). To investigate the mode of synergism, changes in gene expression and bacterial inactivation activity were examined. Individual treatments with EL (10 mM) or UVA caused a 1.9- or 0.5-log CFU/ml reduction respectively, whereas EL/UVA co-treatment resulted in a 5.5-log CFU/ml reduction in Escherichia coli viable cell numbers. Similarly, treatment with either EL (2 mM) or UVA for 30 min resulted in a 2.8- or 0.1-log CFU/ml reduction in Listeria innocua, respectively, whereas combined treatment with both EL and UVA resulted in a 5.4-log CFU/ml reduction. Measurements of gene expression levels showed that EL and UVA treatment synergistically altered the gene expression of genes related to bacterial membrane synthesis/stress response. However, addition of 10–50-fold excess concentration of exogenous antioxidant compared to EL reduced the synergistic effect of EL and UVA by approximately 1 log. In summary, the results illustrate that synergistic combination of EL and UVA enhanced membrane damage independent of the oxidative stress damage induced by UVA and thus illustrate a novel photo-activated synergistic antimicrobial approach for the inactivation of both the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Overall, this study illustrates mechanistic evaluation of a novel photochemical approach for food and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonjee Chang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jaewoo Bai
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Division of Applied Food System, Major in Food Science & Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunjong Yu
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Pahn-Shick Chang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nitin Nitin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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64
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Plefh ACV, Hoshino LVC, Sato F, Castilha LD, Santos TC, Vital ACP, Matumoto-Pintro PT. Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum) fluid gel on healing of pododermatitis in rabbits. Vet Res Commun 2021; 45:293-304. [PMID: 34219191 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-021-09810-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Wounds are damaging to quality life of confined animals, causing dysfunction in spinal, members injuries, and reduction in productive performance. This research investigated the clove antimicrobial and antioxidant activity on the healing of decubitus wounds (pododermatitis) of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Adult animals were treated for 21 days every three days with a fluid gel spray in the wound region: control fluid gel without addition of clove (FGC0), fluid gel with addition of 1% clove powder (FGC1), and fluid gel with 2% clove powder (FGC2). Microbiological analysis for Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp. were performed during 21 days of experimental period. After this period, samples from treated skin were evaluated for histological analysis and evaluation of the healing process by spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR). Rabbits treated with FGC2 showed advanced healing and decreased tissue inflammation similar to healthy rabbits, while FGC0 rabbits showed a decrease in bacterial contamination without signs of healing. Both FGC1 and FGC2 rabbits demonstrated antimicrobial and antioxidant action against both bacteria tested, favoring the wound healing process. Considering the results, the use of fluid gel with 2% of clove powder (Syzigium aromaticum) based on the best antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities on healing of decubitus wounds (pododermatitis) of rabbits in commercial farming system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C V Plefh
- Animal Science Graduate Program, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - L V C Hoshino
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - F Sato
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - L D Castilha
- Animal Science Graduate Program, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil.,Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - T C Santos
- Animal Science Graduate Program, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil.,Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - A C P Vital
- Animal Science Graduate Program, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - P T Matumoto-Pintro
- Animal Science Graduate Program, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil. .,Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil.
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65
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Effect of Gaseous Ozone on Listeria monocytogenes Planktonic Cells and Biofilm: An In Vitro Study. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071484. [PMID: 34206833 PMCID: PMC8306814 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Among food-borne pathogens, Listeria monocytogenes continues to pose concerns to food business operators due to its capacity to form biofilm in processing environments. Ozone may be an eco-friendly technology to control microbial contaminations, but data concerning its effect on Listeria monocytogenes biofilm are still limited. In this study, the effect of gaseous ozone at 50 ppm on planktonic cells and biofilm of reference and food-related Listeria monocytogenes strains was evaluated. Ozone caused a reduction in microbial loads of 3.7 ± 0.4 and 3.9 ± 0.4 Log10 CFU/mL after 10 and 30 min, respectively. A complete inactivation of planktonic cells after 6 h of treatment was observed. Biofilm inhibition and eradication treatments (50 ppm, 6 h) resulted in a significant decrease of the biofilm biomass for 59% of the strains tested, whilst a slight dampening of live cell loads in the biofilm state was observed. In conclusion, gaseous ozone is not sufficient to completely counteract Listeria monocytogenes biofilm, but it may be useful as an additional tool to contrast Listeria monocytogenes free-living cells and to improve the existing sanitization procedures in food processing environments.
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66
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Yao L, Champagne CP, Deschênes L, Raymond Y, Lemay MJ, Ismail A. Effect of the homogenization technique on the enumeration of psychrotrophic bacteria in food absorbent pads. J Microbiol Methods 2021; 187:106275. [PMID: 34182074 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2021.106275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Four methods were tested for enumerating bacteria present in the absorbent pads (AP) used in packaging chicken and other meats. Viable counts were ascertained at day 0 and day 7 (d0 and d7, respectively). Sampling bacterial cells from AP were carried out using a countertop blender, Stomacher, sonication, and blender in combination to sonication. The release of bacterial cells by breaking down the AP with the blender resulted in the highest CFU counts. At d0, a bacterial recovery rate of 94% was obtained with the blender, while the recovery rates using Stomacher or sonication alone were 58% and 73%, respectively. At d7, the Stomacher treatment also gave the lowest colony forming unit (CFU) values in the AP incubated at 7 °C. Sonication of the AP prior to homogenization with the blender did not increase CFU counts. Results suggested that breaking down the AP with a blender gives higher CFU levels than the Stomacher, which is the most commonly used technique for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Yao
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McDonald College of McGill University, Sainte-Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Claude P Champagne
- Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8E3, Canada.
| | - Louise Deschênes
- Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8E3, Canada
| | - Yves Raymond
- Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8E3, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Lemay
- Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8E3, Canada
| | - Ashraf Ismail
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McDonald College of McGill University, Sainte-Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
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67
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Yang Z, Ma X, Li Y, Xu H, Han X, Wang R, Zhao P, Li Z, Shi C. Antimicrobial Activity and Antibiofilm Potential of Coenzyme Q 0 against Salmonella Typhimurium. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061211. [PMID: 34071975 PMCID: PMC8230291 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q0 (CoQ0) has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects; however, the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of CoQ0 against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium are unknown. Thus, we investigated the bacteriostatic and antibiofilm activities, along with the underlying mechanism, of CoQ0 against S. Typhimurium. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CoQ0 against S. enterica serovars Typhimurium was 0.1–0.2 mg/mL (549–1098 µM), and CoQ0 at MIC and 2MIC decreased viable S. Typhimurium counts below detectable limits within 6 and 4 h, respectively. CoQ0 at 20MIC (4 mg/mL) reduced S. Typhimurium on raw chicken by 1.5 log CFU/cm3 within 6 h. CoQ0 effectively disrupted cell membrane integrity and induced morphological changes in the cell, resulting in hyperpolarization, decreased intracellular ATP concentrations, and cellular constituents leakage. Biofilm-associated S. Typhimurium cells were killed by CoQ0 treatment. These findings suggest that CoQ0 could be applied as a natural antibacterial substance for use against S. Typhimurium by the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuokai Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Z.Y.); (X.M.); (X.H.); (R.W.); (P.Z.)
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Z.Y.); (X.M.); (X.H.); (R.W.); (P.Z.)
| | - Yan Li
- College of Innovation and Experiment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.L.); (H.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Huidong Xu
- College of Innovation and Experiment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.L.); (H.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xinyi Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Z.Y.); (X.M.); (X.H.); (R.W.); (P.Z.)
| | - Ruixia Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Z.Y.); (X.M.); (X.H.); (R.W.); (P.Z.)
| | - Pengyu Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Z.Y.); (X.M.); (X.H.); (R.W.); (P.Z.)
| | - Ziyi Li
- College of Innovation and Experiment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Y.L.); (H.X.); (Z.L.)
| | - Chao Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (Z.Y.); (X.M.); (X.H.); (R.W.); (P.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-29-8709-2486; Fax: +86-29-8709-1391
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68
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Listeria monocytogenes Cold Shock Proteins: Small Proteins with A Huge Impact. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9051061. [PMID: 34068949 PMCID: PMC8155936 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes has evolved an extensive array of mechanisms for coping with stress and adapting to changing environmental conditions, ensuring its virulence phenotype expression. For this reason, L. monocytogenes has been identified as a significant food safety and public health concern. Among these adaptation systems are cold shock proteins (Csps), which facilitate rapid response to stress exposure. L. monocytogenes has three highly conserved csp genes, namely, cspA, cspB, and cspD. Using a series of csp deletion mutants, it has been shown that L. monocytogenes Csps are important for biofilm formation, motility, cold, osmotic, desiccation, and oxidative stress tolerance. Moreover, they are involved in overall virulence by impacting the expression of virulence-associated phenotypes, such as hemolysis and cell invasion. It is postulated that during stress exposure, Csps function to counteract harmful effects of stress, thereby preserving cell functions, such as DNA replication, transcription and translation, ensuring survival and growth of the cell. Interestingly, it seems that Csps might suppress tolerance to some stresses as their removal resulted in increased tolerance to stresses, such as desiccation for some strains. Differences in csp roles among strains from different genetic backgrounds are apparent for desiccation tolerance and biofilm production. Additionally, hierarchical trends for the different Csps and functional redundancies were observed on their influences on stress tolerance and virulence. Overall current data suggest that Csps have a wider role in bacteria physiology than previously assumed.
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69
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Haddad S, Elliot M, Savard T, Deschênes L, Smith T, Ells T. Variations in biofilms harbouring Listeria monocytogenes in dual and triplex cultures with Pseudomonas fluorescens and Lactobacillus plantarum produced under a model system of simulated meat processing conditions, and their resistance to benzalkonium chloride. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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70
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Enterococcal Species Associated with Slovak Raw Goat Milk, Their Safety and Susceptibility to Lantibiotics and Durancin ED26E/7. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9040681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Goat milk has become a popular item of human consumption due to its originality. Enterococci are ubiquitous bacteria, and they can also be found in traditional dairy products. This study focuses on the safety of enterococci from Slovak raw goat milk and on their susceptibility to lantibiotic bacteriocins and durancin ED26E/7, which has not previously been studied. Biofilm formation ability in enterococci, virulence factor genes, enzyme production and antibiotic profile were investigated. Samples of raw goat milk (53) were collected from 283 goats in Slovakia. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry identified three enterococcal species: Enterococcus faecium, E. hirae and E. mundtii, with dominant occurrence of the species E. faecium. Low-grade biofilm formation ability (0.1 ≤ A570 < 1.0) was found in four strains of E. faecium. Gelatinase, hyaluronidase, aggregation substance and enterococcal surface protein genes were absent in these enterococci. Gene efaAfm (adhesin) was detected in five E. faecium strains. However, it was not detected in biofilm-forming strains. Enterococci detected in Slovak raw goat milk were found not to have pathogenic potential; four strains even produced high amounts of useful β-galactosidase. The strains were susceptible to lantibiotic bacteriocin treatment and to durancin ED26E/7 as well, which represents original information in dairy production.
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71
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Detecting Bacterial Biofilms Using Fluorescence Hyperspectral Imaging and Various Discriminant Analyses. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21062213. [PMID: 33809942 PMCID: PMC8004291 DOI: 10.3390/s21062213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms formed on the surface of agro-food processing facilities can cause food poisoning by providing an environment in which bacteria can be cultured. Therefore, hygiene management through initial detection is important. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of detecting Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) on the surface of food processing facilities by using fluorescence hyperspectral imaging. E. coli and S. typhimurium were cultured on high-density polyethylene and stainless steel coupons, which are the main materials used in food processing facilities. We obtained fluorescence hyperspectral images for the range of 420–730 nm by emitting UV light from a 365 nm UV light source. The images were used to perform discriminant analyses (linear discriminant analysis, k-nearest neighbor analysis, and partial-least squares discriminant analysis) to identify and classify coupons on which bacteria could be cultured. The discriminant performances of specificity and sensitivity for E. coli (1–4 log CFU·cm−2) and S. typhimurium (1–6 log CFU·cm−2) were over 90% for most machine learning models used, and the highest performances were generally obtained from the k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) model. The application of the learning model to the hyperspectral image confirmed that the biofilm detection was well performed. This result indicates the possibility of rapidly inspecting biofilms using fluorescence hyperspectral images.
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72
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Contribution of Essential Oils to the Fight against Microbial Biofilms—A Review. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9030537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing clinical use of artificial medical devices raises the issue of microbial contamination, which is a risk factor for the occurrence of biofilm-associated infections. A huge amount of scientific data highlights the promising potential of essential oils (EOs) to be used for the development of novel antibiofilm strategies. We aimed to review the relevant literature indexed in PubMed and Embase and to identify the recent directions in the field of EOs, as a new modality to eradicate microbial biofilms. We paid special attention to studies that explain the mechanisms of the microbicidal and antibiofilm activity of EOs, as well as their synergism with other antimicrobials. The EOs are difficult to test for their antimicrobial activity due to lipophilicity and volatility, so we have presented recent methods that facilitate these tests. There are presented the applications of EOs in chronic wounds and biofilm-mediated infection treatment, in the food industry and as air disinfectants. This analysis concludes that EOs are a source of antimicrobial agents that should not be neglected and that will probably provide new anti-infective therapeutic agents.
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73
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Zand E, Pfanner H, Domig KJ, Sinn G, Zunabovic-Pichler M, Jaeger H. Biofilm-Forming Ability of Microbacterium lacticum and Staphylococcus capitis Considering Physicochemical and Topographical Surface Properties. Foods 2021; 10:foods10030611. [PMID: 33805651 PMCID: PMC8001712 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm characteristics of Microbacterium lacticum D84 (M. lacticum) and Staphylococcus capitis subsp. capitis (S. capitis) on polytetrafluoroethylene and AISI-304 stainless steel at early- (24, 48 h) and late-stage (144, 192 h) biofilm formation were investigated. M. lacticum biofilm structure was more developed compared to S. capitis, representing vastly mature biofilms with a strongly developed amorphous matrix, possibly extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), at late-stage biofilm formation. S. capitis showed faster growth behavior but still resulted in a relatively flat biofilm structure. Strong correlations were found between several roughness parameters and S. capitis surface coverage (r ≥ 0.98), and between total surface free energy (γs) and S. capitis surface coverage (r = 0.89), while M. lacticum remained mostly unaffected. The pronounced ubiquitous biofilm characteristics make M. lacticum D84 a suitable model for biofilm research. Studying biofilm formation of these bacteria may help one understand bacterial adhesion on interfaces and hence reduce biofilm formation in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zand
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria; (E.Z.); (H.P.); (H.J.)
| | - Hedwig Pfanner
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria; (E.Z.); (H.P.); (H.J.)
| | - Konrad J. Domig
- Institute of Food Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Gerhard Sinn
- Institute of Physics and Material Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Marija Zunabovic-Pichler
- Institute of Food Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria;
- Correspondence:
| | - Henry Jaeger
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria; (E.Z.); (H.P.); (H.J.)
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74
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Ageorges V, Monteiro R, Leroy S, Burgess CM, Pizza M, Chaucheyras-Durand F, Desvaux M. Molecular determinants of surface colonisation in diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC): from bacterial adhesion to biofilm formation. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 44:314-350. [PMID: 32239203 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is primarily known as a commensal colonising the gastrointestinal tract of infants very early in life but some strains being responsible for diarrhoea, which can be especially severe in young children. Intestinal pathogenic E. coli include six pathotypes of diarrhoeagenic E. coli (DEC), namely, the (i) enterotoxigenic E. coli, (ii) enteroaggregative E. coli, (iii) enteropathogenic E. coli, (iv) enterohemorragic E. coli, (v) enteroinvasive E. coli and (vi) diffusely adherent E. coli. Prior to human infection, DEC can be found in natural environments, animal reservoirs, food processing environments and contaminated food matrices. From an ecophysiological point of view, DEC thus deal with very different biotopes and biocoenoses all along the food chain. In this context, this review focuses on the wide range of surface molecular determinants acting as surface colonisation factors (SCFs) in DEC. In the first instance, SCFs can be broadly discriminated into (i) extracellular polysaccharides, (ii) extracellular DNA and (iii) surface proteins. Surface proteins constitute the most diverse group of SCFs broadly discriminated into (i) monomeric SCFs, such as autotransporter (AT) adhesins, inverted ATs, heat-resistant agglutinins or some moonlighting proteins, (ii) oligomeric SCFs, namely, the trimeric ATs and (iii) supramolecular SCFs, including flagella and numerous pili, e.g. the injectisome, type 4 pili, curli chaperone-usher pili or conjugative pili. This review also details the gene regulatory network of these numerous SCFs at the various stages as it occurs from pre-transcriptional to post-translocational levels, which remains to be fully elucidated in many cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Ageorges
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, MEDiS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ricardo Monteiro
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, MEDiS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,GSK, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Sabine Leroy
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, MEDiS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Catherine M Burgess
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
| | | | - Frédérique Chaucheyras-Durand
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, MEDiS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Lallemand Animal Nutrition SAS, F-31702 Blagnac Cedex, France
| | - Mickaël Desvaux
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, MEDiS, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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75
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Rather MA, Gupta K, Bardhan P, Borah M, Sarkar A, Eldiehy KSH, Bhuyan S, Mandal M. Microbial biofilm: A matter of grave concern for human health and food industry. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 61:380-395. [PMID: 33615511 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202000678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic microorganisms have adapted different strategies during the course of time to invade host defense mechanisms and overcome the effect of potent antibiotics. The formation of biofilm on both biotic and abiotic surfaces by microorganisms is one such strategy to resist and survive even in presence of antibiotics and other adverse environmental conditions. Biofilm is a safe home of microorganisms embedded within self-produced extracellular polymeric substances comprising of polysaccharides, extracellular proteins, nucleic acid, and water. It is because of this adaptation strategy that pathogenic microorganisms are taking a heavy toll on the health and life of organisms. In this review, we discuss the colonization of pathogenic microorganisms on tissues and medically implanted devices in human beings. We also focus on food spoilage, disease outbreaks, biofilm-associated deaths, burden on economy, and other major concerns of biofilm-forming pathogenic microorganisms in food industries like dairy, poultry, ready-to-eat food, meat, and aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzamil A Rather
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Kuldeep Gupta
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Pritam Bardhan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Munmi Borah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Anupama Sarkar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Khalifa S H Eldiehy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India.,Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Shuvam Bhuyan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Manabendra Mandal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
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76
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Fagerlund A, Langsrud S, Møretrø T. Microbial diversity and ecology of biofilms in food industry environments associated with Listeria monocytogenes persistence. Curr Opin Food Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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77
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Bhatia S, Lal A, Singh S, Franco F. Potential of polyphenols in curbing quorum sensing and biofilm formation in Gram-negative pathogens. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.314044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
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78
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Antimicrobial Effects of Essential Oils on Oral Microbiota Biofilms: The Toothbrush In Vitro Model. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 10:antibiotics10010021. [PMID: 33383788 PMCID: PMC7823584 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The present investigation intended to evaluate the bacteriostatic and bactericidal abilities of clove, oregano and thyme essential oils against oral bacteria in planktonic and biofilm states. Furthermore, aiming to mimic everyday conditions, a toothbrush in vitro model was developed. Determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration and minimum biofilm eradication concentration were achieved using the microdilution procedure. To simulate the toothbrush environment, nylon fibers were inoculated with oral bacteria, which, after incubation to allow biofilm development, were submitted to contact with the essential oils under study. Thyme and oregano essential oils revealed promising antimicrobial effects, both in growth inhibition and the destruction of cells in planktonic and biofilm states, while clove essential oil showed a weaker potential. Regarding the toothbrush in vitro model, observation of the nylon fibers under a magnifying glass proved the essential oil anti-biofilm properties. Considering the effects observed using the in vitro toothbrush model, a realistic approximation to oral biofilm establishment in an everyday use object, a putative application of essential oils as toothbrush sanitizers to help prevent the establishment of bacterial biofilm can be verified.
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79
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Exploring the Biodiversity of Red Yeasts for In Vitro and In Vivo Phenotypes Relevant to Agri-Food-Related Processes. FERMENTATION 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Red yeasts grow on food wastes, show antagonistic activity against food-spoilage microorganisms, produce food supplements, and may be utilized as feed-supplements themselves to positively modulate the quali-quantitative composition of intestinal microbiota. Therefore, they show a variety of possible biotechnological applications in agri-food-related processes. Here, to further explore the biotechnological potential of red yeasts, eleven strains ascribed to different species of the genera Rhodotorula and Sporobolomyces, differing for biomass and carotenoids production, were characterized in vitro for biofilm formation, invasive growth, and growth at the temperature range of 20–40 °C and in vivo for their antagonistic activity against the fungal pathogen and patulin producer Penicillium expansum. Most of them formed cellular MAT and showed invasive growth as well as adhesion to plastic materials. Four strains determined a significant reduction of fruit decay caused by P. expansum on apple fruit while the remaining seven showed different degrees of biocontrol activity. Finally, none of them grew at body temperature (>37 °C). Statistical analyses of both qualitative and quantitative phenotypic data, including biomass and carotenoids production, gathered further information on the most interesting strains for the biotechnological exploitation of red yeasts in agri-food-related process.
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80
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Lauková A, Kandričáková A, Bino E. Susceptibility to Enterocins and Lantibiotic Bacteriocins of Biofilm-Forming Enterococci Isolated from Slovak Fermented Meat Products Available on the Market. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17249586. [PMID: 33371410 PMCID: PMC7767408 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated eight types of Slovak dry fermented meat products (salami and sausages) that are available on the market and were produced by three different producers in different regions of Slovakia. The total counts of enterococci in these products ranged from 2.0 up to 6.0 cfu/g (log10). Three species were identified among the 15 selected enterococcal strains; Enterococcus faecium (8 strains), Enterococcus faecalis (3) and Enterococcus hirae (4). They were hemolysis-negative (γ-hemolysis) with a biofilm-forming ability, which was evaluated as low-grade biofilm formation, susceptible to conventional antibiotics and mainly susceptible to lantibiotic bacteriocins, namely, gallidermin and nisin; they even showed a higher susceptibility to gallidermin than to nisin. They were also susceptible to enterocin–durancin, but most strains showed resistance to enterocin A/P. This study indicated that bacteriocins can play a key role in preventing and/or protecting from undesirable bacterial multiplication or contamination in the food industry and that they have great potential for further experimental applications.
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81
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Jin X, Marshall JS. Mechanics of biofilms formed of bacteria with fimbriae appendages. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243280. [PMID: 33290393 PMCID: PMC7723297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria, as well as some Gram-positive bacteria, possess hair-like appendages known as fimbriae, which play an important role in adhesion of the bacteria to surfaces or to other bacteria. Unlike the sex pili or flagellum, the fimbriae are quite numerous, with of order 1000 fimbriae appendages per bacterial cell. In this paper, a recently developed hybrid model for bacterial biofilms is used to examine the role of fimbriae tension force on the mechanics of bacterial biofilms. Each bacterial cell is represented in this model by a spherocylindrical particle, which interact with each other through collision, adhesion, lubrication force, and fimbrial force. The bacterial cells absorb water and nutrients and produce extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). The flow of water and EPS, and nutrient diffusion within these substances, is computed using a continuum model that accounts for important effects such as osmotic pressure gradient, drag force on the bacterial cells, and viscous shear. The fimbrial force is modeled using an outer spherocylinder capsule around each cell, which can transmit tensile forces to neighboring cells with which the fimbriae capsule collides. We find that the biofilm structure during the growth process is dominated by a balance between outward drag force on the cells due to the EPS flow away from the bacterial colony and the inward tensile fimbrial force acting on chains of cells connected by adhesive fimbriae appendages. The fimbrial force also introduces a large rotational motion of the cells and disrupts cell alignment caused by viscous torque imposed by the EPS flow. The current paper characterizes the competing effects of EPS drag and fimbrial force using a series of computations with different values of the ratio of EPS to bacterial cell production rate and different numbers of fimbriae per cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Jin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey S. Marshall
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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82
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de Assis DCS, da Silva TML, Brito RF, da Silva LCG, Lima WG, Brito JCM. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in bovine meat and meat products over the last 15 years in Brazil: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Meat Sci 2020; 173:108394. [PMID: 33316706 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the rate of contamination in bovine meat and meat products with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in Brazil over the last fifteen years. Data were obtained from online databases in February 2020, and 25 papers were selected from 1036 articles identified in the literature search and 13 articles from gray literature, totaling 4286 samples analyzed. The overall rate of STEC was estimated to be 1% in Brazil. The highest rate (9%) was observed in Mato Grosso, followed by Rio Grande do Sul (1%), Goiás (1%), and São Paulo (1%). Regarding the sample type analyzed, hot carcasses had the highest rate (8%) of positive samples for STEC, followed by cold carcasses (2%) and beef samples (1%). As the available data were concentrated in the São Paulo state, the findings of this meta-analysis reveal the need for further studies in Brazil to allow better risk assessment and prevention of human STEC infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Cristina Sampaio de Assis
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Thaís Michelle Liziere da Silva
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rommel Furst Brito
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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83
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Botta C, Ferrocino I, Pessione A, Cocolin L, Rantsiou K. Spatiotemporal Distribution of the Environmental Microbiota in Food Processing Plants as Impacted by Cleaning and Sanitizing Procedures: the Case of Slaughterhouses and Gaseous Ozone. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:e01861-20. [PMID: 32978124 PMCID: PMC7657643 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01861-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial complexity and contamination levels in food processing plants heavily impact the final product fate and are mainly controlled by proper environmental cleaning and sanitizing. Among the emerging disinfection technologies, ozonation is considered an effective strategy to improve the ordinary cleaning and sanitizing of slaughterhouses. However, its effects on contamination levels and environmental microbiota still need to be understood. For this purpose, we monitored the changes in microbiota composition in different slaughterhouse environments during the phases of cleaning/sanitizing and ozonation at 40, 20, or 4 ppm. Overall, the meat processing plant microbiota differed significantly between secondary processing rooms and deboning rooms, with a greater presence of psychrotrophic taxa in secondary processing rooms because of their lower temperatures. Cleaning/sanitizing procedures significantly reduced the contamination levels and in parallel increased the number of detectable operational taxonomic units (OTUs), by removing the masking effect of the most abundant human/animal-derived OTUs, which belonged to the phylum Firmicutes Subsequently, ozonation at 40 or 20 ppm effectively decreased the remaining viable bacterial populations. However, we could observe selective ozone-mediated inactivation of psychrotrophic bacteria only in the secondary processing rooms. There, the Brochothrix and Pseudomonas abundances and their viable counts were significantly affected by 40 or 20 ppm of ozone, while more ubiquitous genera like Staphylococcus showed a remarkable resistance to the same treatments. This study showed the effectiveness of highly concentrated gaseous ozone as an adjunct sanitizing method that can minimize cross-contamination and so extend the meat shelf life.IMPORTANCE Our in situ survey demonstrates that RNA-based sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons is a reliable approach to qualitatively probe, at high taxonomic resolution, the changes triggered by new and existing cleaning/sanitizing strategies in the environmental microbiota in human-built environments. This approach could soon represent a fast tool to clearly define which routine sanitizing interventions are more suitable for a specific food processing environment, thus limiting the costs of special cleaning interventions and potential product loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Botta
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ilario Ferrocino
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Luca Cocolin
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Kalliopi Rantsiou
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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84
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Zore A, Bezek K, Jevšnik M, Abram A, Runko V, Slišković I, Raspor P, Kovačević D, Bohinc K. Bacterial adhesion rate on food grade ceramics and Teflon as kitchen worktop surfaces. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 332:108764. [PMID: 32585372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Here we present a research of bacterial adhesion to two most often used materials in modern kitchens, namely food grade ceramics and Teflon. To test the bacterial adhesion on kitchen worktops Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Campylobacter jejuni were used as the most common foodborne contaminants. Contact angle, roughness and streaming potential measurements were used for surface characterization. Crystal violet staining and scanning electron microscopy were applied for bacterial adhesion analysis. We showed that the adhesion of tested bacteria strains was lower on the Teflon surface compared to the ceramics. The hydrophobicity of the surface substantially contributed to the bacterial adhesion rate. On the other hand, the surface roughness and charge did not play a crucial role in the adhesion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamarija Zore
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Bezek
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, 6310 Izola, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Jevšnik
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anže Abram
- Department for Nanostructured Materials, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Valentina Runko
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irena Slišković
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Peter Raspor
- University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Davor Kovačević
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Klemen Bohinc
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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85
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Muchaamba F, Stephan R, Tasara T. β-Phenylethylamine as a Natural Food Additive Shows Antimicrobial Activity against Listeria monocytogenes on Ready-to-Eat Foods. Foods 2020; 9:E1363. [PMID: 32992828 PMCID: PMC7600551 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen and a major cause of death associated with bacterial foodborne infections. Control of L. monocytogenes on most ready-to-eat (RTE) foods remains a challenge. The potential use of β-phenylethylamine (PEA) as an organic antimicrobial against L. monocytogenes was evaluated in an effort to develop a new intervention for its control. Using a collection of 62 clinical and food-related isolates we determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of PEA against L. monocytogenes in different broth and agar media. Bologna type sausage (lyoner) and smoked salmon were used as food model systems to validate the in vitro findings. PEA had a growth inhibitory and bactericidal effect against L. monocytogenes both in in vitro experiments as well as on lyoner and smoked salmon. The MIC's ranged from 8 to 12.5 mg/mL. Furthermore, PEA also inhibited L. monocytogenes biofilm formation. Based on good manufacturing practices as a prerequisite, the application of PEA to RTE products might be an additional hurdle to limit L. monocytogenes growth thereby increasing food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Muchaamba
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland; (R.S.); (T.T.)
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86
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PARVIN PAHANGAR, ZAKERI A, HIDARNEJAD K, MOGHADDASZADEH-AHRABI S. Ozone treatment as a disinfectant of commercial eggs to preserve function quality. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v90i6.105009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Ozone is a strong oxidant used for the disinfection of surfaces, drinking water and foods. However, since ozone not only destroys bacteria but may also damage eggs, it is necessary to clarify the effects of ozone treatment on commercial egg components. In this study, different doses of ozone gas, 2, 4, 6 and 10 ppm were used. Salmonella entritidis infected eggs were dosed in different experimental groups at different doses of ozone for 15 min. Factors such as TBC, Salmonella entritidis, pH of egg contents, shell hardness, peroxide content in egg contents and albumen viscosity were measured after 10 days of application. The best amount of ozone gas was obtained at concentrations of 6 and 10 ppm for disinfection of different parts of the egg. While the amount of peroxide produced at 10 ppm was more than standard and harmful. Generally, the application of ozone gas at doses of 4 ppm, especially at 6 ppm, showed the best results for the measured factors. The use of gas at 6 ppm for 15 min can be used to keep the eggs fresh with maximum disinfection. This can be done in the egg industry, in order to remove Salmonella entritidis and maintain the quality of commercial eggs.
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87
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Caraballo Guzmán A, González Hurtado MI, Cuesta-Astroz Y, Torres G. Metagenomic characterization of bacterial biofilm in four food processing plants in Colombia. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:1259-1267. [PMID: 32221908 PMCID: PMC7455661 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00260-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria inside biofilms are more persistent and resistant to stress conditions found in the production environment of food processing plants, thus representing a constant risk for product safety and quality. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize, using 16S rRNA sequencing, the bacterial communities from biofilms found in four food processing plants (P1, P2, P3, and P4). In total, 50 samples from these four processing plants were taken after cleaning and disinfection processes. Four phyla: Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroides represented over 94% of the operational taxonomic units found across these four plants. A total of 102 families and 189 genera were identified. Two genera, Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp., were the most frequently found (93.47%) across the four plants. In P1, Pseudomonas spp. and Lactobacillus spp. were the dominant genera, whereas Lactobacillus spp. and Streptococcus spp. were identified in P2. On the other hand, biofilms found in P3 and P4 mainly consisted of Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp. Our results indicate that different bacterial genera of interest to the food industry due to their ability to form biofilm and affect food quality can coexist inside biofilms, and as such, persist in production environments, representing a constant risk for manufactured foods. In addition, the core microbiota identified across processing plants evaluated was probably influenced by type of food produced and cleaning and disinfection processes performed in each one of these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arley Caraballo Guzmán
- Colombian Institute of Tropical Medicine, CES University, Carrera 43A # 52 Sur 99, Sabaneta, Colombia
| | | | - Yesid Cuesta-Astroz
- Colombian Institute of Tropical Medicine, CES University, Carrera 43A # 52 Sur 99, Sabaneta, Colombia
| | - Giovanny Torres
- Colombian Institute of Tropical Medicine, CES University, Carrera 43A # 52 Sur 99, Sabaneta, Colombia
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88
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Abebe GM. The Role of Bacterial Biofilm in Antibiotic Resistance and Food Contamination. Int J Microbiol 2020; 2020:1705814. [PMID: 32908520 PMCID: PMC7468660 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1705814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm is a microbial association or community attached to different biotic or abiotic surfaces or environments. These surface-attached microbial communities can be found in food, medical, industrial, and natural environments. Biofilm is a critical problem in the medical sector since it is formed on medical implants within human tissue and involved in a multitude of serious chronic infections. Food and food processing surface become an ideal environment for biofilm formation where there are sufficient nutrients for microbial growth and attachment. Therefore, biofilm formation on these surfaces, especially on food processing surface becomes a challenge in food safety and human health. Microorganisms within a biofilm are encased within a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances that can act as a barrier and recalcitrant for different hostile conditions such as sanitizers, antibiotics, and other hygienic conditions. Generally, they persist and exist in food processing environments where they become a source of cross-contamination and foodborne diseases. The other critical issue with biofilm formation is their antibiotic resistance which makes medication difficult, and they use different physical, physiological, and gene-related factors to develop their resistance mechanisms. In order to mitigate their production and develop controlling methods, it is better to understand growth requirements and mechanisms. Therefore, the aim of this review article is to provide an overview of the role of bacterial biofilms in antibiotic resistance and food contamination and emphasizes ways for controlling its production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gedif Meseret Abebe
- Wolaita Sodo University, College of Natural and Computational Science, Department of Biology, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
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89
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Song H, Lee SY. Resistance of pathogenic biofilms on glass fiber filters formed under different conditions. Food Sci Biotechnol 2020; 29:1241-1250. [PMID: 32802563 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-020-00773-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the survivals of two pathogens (Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus) in different adhered forms on glass fiber filters (GFFs) at 43 and 68% relative humidity (RH). Efficacies of chemical sanitizers at reducing pathogenic biofilms on GFFs were also evaluated. Inoculated GFFs were incubated at 28 °C in TSB (type I), on TSA (type II), or on TSA under 100% RH (type III) to produce biofilms. When GFFs were incubated at 43 or 68% RH for 7 days, type III biofilms were less than 2 log10 CFU/filter reduction whereas type I and type II biofilms were 4-6 log10 CFU/filter reduction. Additionally, type III biofilms were highly resistant to sanitizing treatment compared than other biofilms (type I and II). Therefore, the method to produce biofilms used in this study could be used to produce highly resistance pathogenic biofilms in the laboratory for related experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Song
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, 4726, Seodong-daero, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, 4726, Seodong-daero, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
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90
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Zhang Q, Lyu Y, Huang J, Zhang X, Yu N, Wen Z, Chen S. Antibacterial activity and mechanism of sanguinarine against Providencia rettgeri in vitro. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9543. [PMID: 32864203 PMCID: PMC7427548 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sanguinarine (SAG), a benzophenanthridine alkaloid, occurs in Papaveraceas, Berberidaceae and Ranunculaceae families. Studies have found that SAG has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative activities in several malignancies and that it exhibits robust antibacterial activities. However, information reported on the action of SAG against Providencia rettgeri is limited in the literature. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of SAG against P. rettgeri in vitro. Methods The agar dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of SAG against P. rettgeri. The intracellular ATP concentration, intracellular pH (pHin), and cell membrane integrity and potential were measured. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and crystal violet staining were used to measure the antibiofilm formation of SAG. Results The MIC of SAG against P. rettgeri was 7.8 μg/mL. SAG inhibited the growth of P. rettgeri and destroyed the integrity of P. rettgeri cell membrane, as reflected mainly through the decreases in the intracellular ATP concentration, pHin and cell membrane potential and significant changes in cellular morphology. The findings of CLSM, FESEM and crystal violet staining indicated that SAG exhibited strong inhibitory effects on the biofilm formation of P. rettgeri and led to the inactivity of biofilm-related P. rettgeri cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Dermatology, PLAGH Hainan Hospital Of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Yansi Lyu
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingkai Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Na Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ziping Wen
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Si Chen
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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91
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Delhalle L, Taminiau B, Fastrez S, Fall A, Ballesteros M, Burteau S, Daube G. Evaluation of Enzymatic Cleaning on Food Processing Installations and Food Products Bacterial Microflora. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1827. [PMID: 32849429 PMCID: PMC7431609 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are a permanent source of contamination in food industries and could harbor various types of microorganisms, such as spoiling bacteria. New strategies, such as enzymatic cleaning, have been proposed to eradicate them. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of enzymatic cleaning on the microbial flora of installations in a processing food industry and of the final food product throughout its shelf life. A total of 189 samples were analyzed by classical microbiology and 16S rDNA metagenetics, including surface samples, cleaning-in-place (CIP) systems, and food products (at D0, Dend of the shelf life, and Dend of the shelf life +7 days). Some surfaces were highly contaminated with spoiling bacteria during conventional cleaning while the concentration of the total flora decreased during enzymatic cleaning. Although the closed circuits were cleaned with conventional cleaning before enzymatic cleaning, there was a significant release of microorganisms from some parts of the installations during enzymatic treatment. A significant difference in the total flora in the food products at the beginning of the shelf life was observed during enzymatic cleaning compared to the conventional cleaning, with a reduction of up to 2 log CFU/g. Metagenetic analysis of the food samples at the end of their shelf life showed significant differences in bacterial flora between conventional and enzymatic cleaning, with a decrease of spoiling bacteria (Leuconostoc sp.). Enzymatic cleaning has improved the hygiene of the food processing instillations and the microbial quality of the food throughout the shelf life. Although enzymatic cleaning is not yet commonly used in the food industry, it should be considered in combination with conventional sanitizing methods to improve plant hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Delhalle
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health, Department of Food Science, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Taminiau
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health, Department of Food Science, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Georges Daube
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health, Department of Food Science, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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92
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Liu F, Jin P, Gong H, Sun Z, Du L, Wang D. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of thyme oil against foodborne multiple antibiotics-resistant Enterococcus faecalis. Poult Sci 2020; 99:5127-5136. [PMID: 32988551 PMCID: PMC7598324 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory and bactericidal activities of thyme oil against the foodborne multiple antibiotics-resistant Enterococcus faecalis biofilm were evaluated in this study. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed that more than 70% of the composition of thyme oil is thymol. Crystal violet staining assay showed that 128 and 256 μg/mL thyme oil significantly inhibited the biofilm formation of E. faecalis. The cell adherence of E. faecalis, as shown by its swimming and swarming motilities, was reduced by thyme oil. The exopolysaccharide (EPS) quantification assay showed that thyme oil inhibited the EPS synthesis in E. faecalis biofilms. The 3D-view observations through confocal laser scanning and scanning electron microscopy suggested that cell adherence and biofilm thickness were decreased in thyme oil–treated biofilms. Quantitative real-time analyses showed that the transcription of ebp and epa gene clusters, which were related to cell mobility and EPS production, was inhibited by thyme oil. Thus, thyme oil effectively inhibited the biofilm formation of E. faecalis by affecting cell adherence and EPS synthesis. Furthermore, 2,048 and 4,096 μg/mL thyme oil can effectively inactivate E. faecalis population in the mature E. faecalis biofilms by 5.75 and 7.20 log CFU/mL, respectively, after 30 min of treatment. Thus, thyme oil at different concentrations can be used as an effective antibiofilm or germicidal agent to control E. faecalis biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Panpan Jin
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Hansheng Gong
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Zhilan Sun
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Lihui Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Daoying Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
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93
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Zwirzitz B, Wetzels SU, Dixon ED, Stessl B, Zaiser A, Rabanser I, Thalguter S, Pinior B, Roch FF, Strachan C, Zanghellini J, Dzieciol M, Wagner M, Selberherr E. The sources and transmission routes of microbial populations throughout a meat processing facility. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2020; 6:26. [PMID: 32651393 PMCID: PMC7351959 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-020-0136-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial food spoilage is responsible for a considerable amount of waste and can cause food-borne diseases in humans, particularly in immunocompromised individuals and children. Therefore, preventing microbial food spoilage is a major concern for health authorities, regulators, consumers, and the food industry. However, the contamination of food products is difficult to control because there are several potential sources during production, processing, storage, distribution, and consumption, where microorganisms come in contact with the product. Here, we use high-throughput full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing to provide insights into bacterial community structure throughout a pork-processing plant. Specifically, we investigated what proportion of bacteria on meat are presumptively not animal-associated and are therefore transferred during cutting via personnel, equipment, machines, or the slaughter environment. We then created a facility-specific transmission map of bacterial flow, which predicted previously unknown sources of bacterial contamination. This allowed us to pinpoint specific taxa to particular environmental sources and provide the facility with essential information for targeted disinfection. For example, Moraxella spp., a prominent meat spoilage organism, which was one of the most abundant amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) detected on the meat, was most likely transferred from the gloves of employees, a railing at the classification step, and the polishing tunnel whips. Our results suggest that high-throughput full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing has great potential in food monitoring applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Zwirzitz
- Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
- Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation FFoQSI GmbH, Technopark 1C, 3430, Tulln, Austria.
| | - Stefanie U Wetzels
- Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation FFoQSI GmbH, Technopark 1C, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Emmanuel D Dixon
- Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Beatrix Stessl
- Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Zaiser
- Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabel Rabanser
- Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Thalguter
- Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Beate Pinior
- Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz-Ferdinand Roch
- Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cameron Strachan
- Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation FFoQSI GmbH, Technopark 1C, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Jürgen Zanghellini
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1010, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Dzieciol
- Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Wagner
- Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation FFoQSI GmbH, Technopark 1C, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Evelyne Selberherr
- Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
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94
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Ferriol-González C, Domingo-Calap P. Phages for Biofilm Removal. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9050268. [PMID: 32455536 PMCID: PMC7277876 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9050268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are clusters of bacteria that live in association with surfaces. Their main characteristic is that the bacteria inside the biofilms are attached to other bacterial cells and to the surface by an extracellular polymeric matrix. Biofilms are capable of adhering to a wide variety of surfaces, both biotic and abiotic, including human tissues, medical devices, and other materials. On these surfaces, biofilms represent a major threat causing infectious diseases and economic losses. In addition, current antibiotics and common disinfectants have shown limited ability to remove biofilms adequately, and phage-based treatments are proposed as promising alternatives for biofilm eradication. This review analyzes the main advantages and challenges that phages can offer for the elimination of biofilms, as well as the most important factors to be taken into account in order to design effective phage-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pilar Domingo-Calap
- Department of Genetics, Universitat de València, 46100 Valencia, Spain;
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, ISysBio, Universitat de València-CSIC, 46910 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-963-543-261
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95
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Wagner EM, Pracser N, Thalguter S, Fischel K, Rammer N, Pospíšilová L, Alispahic M, Wagner M, Rychli K. Identification of biofilm hotspots in a meat processing environment: Detection of spoilage bacteria in multi-species biofilms. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 328:108668. [PMID: 32474228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms are comprised of microorganisms embedded in a self-produced matrix that normally adhere to a surface. In the food processing environment they are suggested to be a source of contamination leading to food spoilage or the transmission of food-borne pathogens. To date, research has mainly focused on the presence of (biofilm-forming) bacteria within food processing environments, without measuring the associated biofilm matrix components. Here, we assessed the presence of biofilms within a meat processing environment, processing pork, poultry and beef, by the detection of microorganisms and at least two biofilm matrix components. Sampling included 47 food contact surfaces and 61 non-food contact surfaces from eleven rooms within an Austrian meat processing plant, either during operation or after cleaning and disinfection. The 108 samples were analysed for the presence of microorganisms by cultivation and targeted quantitative real-time PCR based on 16S rRNA. Furthermore, the presence of the major matrix components carbohydrates, extracellular DNA and proteins was evaluated. Overall, we identified ten biofilm hotspots, among them seven of which were sampled during operation and three after cleaning and disinfection. Five biofilms were detected on food contact surfaces (cutters and associated equipment and a screw conveyor) and five on non-food contact surfaces (drains and water hoses) resulting in 9.3 % of the sites being classified as biofilm positive. From these biofilm positive samples, we cultivated bacteria of 29 different genera. The most prevalent bacteria belonged to the genera Brochothrix (present in 80 % of biofilms), Pseudomonas and Psychrobacter (isolated from 70 % biofilms). From each biofilm we isolated bacteria from four to twelve different genera, indicating the presence of multi-species biofilms. This work ultimately determined the presence of multi-species biofilms within the meat processing environment, thereby identifying various sources of potential contamination. Especially the identification of biofilms in water hoses and associated parts highlights the need of a frequent monitoring at these sites. The knowledge gained about the presence and composition of biofilms (i.e. chemical and microbiological) will help to prevent and reduce biofilm formation within food processing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Wagner
- FFoQSI GmbH - Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Nadja Pracser
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Institute for Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Unit of Food Microbiology, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Thalguter
- FFoQSI GmbH - Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Katharina Fischel
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Institute for Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Unit of Food Microbiology, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Rammer
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Institute for Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Unit of Food Microbiology, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucie Pospíšilová
- Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Bacteriology, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Merima Alispahic
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, University Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Clinical Unit of Poultry Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Wagner
- FFoQSI GmbH - Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, 3430 Tulln, Austria; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Institute for Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Unit of Food Microbiology, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kathrin Rychli
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Institute for Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Unit of Food Microbiology, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
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96
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Survival of foodborne pathogens on stainless steel soiled with different food residues. Food Sci Biotechnol 2020; 29:729-737. [PMID: 32419971 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-019-00705-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Insufficient and ineffective cleaning practices can cause food residues to remain in kitchen and can facilitate bacterial attachment and persistence by protective films. The present study investigated the survival of five major foodborne pathogens on stainless steel coupons, in the presence of cooked rice, whole eggs, and soymilk. Foodborne pathogens showed different survival rates by desiccation and disinfection depending on food residues. Overall, the pathogens showed stronger survival than the control at 0.13-3.97 log CFU/coupon with 5% residues, and at 0.75-5.29 log CFU/coupon with 50% residues. Staphylococcus aureus was not affected by the food residue with showing the least difference in concentration, while Escherichia coli O157:H7 showed the most significant increase by food residue. The cells with cooked rice were observed using FE-SEM, and demonstrated bacterial binding or embedment. All results suggest that food safety can be practically ensured by food residue types and appropriate cleaning and disinfectants.
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97
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Influence of Plasma Characteristics on the Inactivation Mechanism of Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) for Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium Biofilms. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10093198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This research aimed to take a next step towards unravelling the CAP inactivation mechanism for mature (Listeria monocytogenes (Gram positive) and Salmonella Typhimurium (Gram negative)) model biofilms, which will support the further optimization this novel technology. More specifically, we examined how the inactivation mechanism was influenced by the applied processing conditions, i.e., by the electrode configuration, the composition of the gas flow, and the power of the discharge. For each combination of plasma characteristics, we examined if the applied CAP treatment had an effect on (i) the cell membrane, (ii) the intracellular DNA, and (iii) the EPS matrix. In addition, we assessed which (reactive) CAP species were responsible for this lethal/damaging effect and whether these species were able to diffuse into the deeper layers of the biofilms. The results indicated that the inactivation mechanism was indeed influenced by the applied processing conditions. Nevertheless, the bactericidal effect of CAP was always a combination of both damage to the membrane and the DNA, caused by (i) the generation of (intracellular) ROS and RNS, (ii) a drop in pH, and/or (iii) the potential generation of a small amount of UV photons. Moreover, the plasma species were able to penetrate into the deeper layers of the model biofilms and some treatment conditions resulted in an increased biofilm porosity.
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98
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99
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Ripolles‐Avila C, Ríos‐Castillo AG, Fontecha‐Umaña F, Rodríguez‐Jerez JJ. Removal of
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium and
Cronobacter sakazakii
biofilms from food contact surfaces through enzymatic catalysis. J Food Saf 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Ripolles‐Avila
- Area of Human Nutrition and Food Sciences, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de VeterinariaUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), CP 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Abel G. Ríos‐Castillo
- Area of Human Nutrition and Food Sciences, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de VeterinariaUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), CP 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Fabio Fontecha‐Umaña
- Area of Human Nutrition and Food Sciences, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de VeterinariaUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), CP 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - José J. Rodríguez‐Jerez
- Area of Human Nutrition and Food Sciences, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de VeterinariaUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), CP 08193 Barcelona Spain
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100
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The Antimicrobial Effect of Radiant Catalytic Ionization on the Bacterial Attachment and Biofilm Formation by Selected Foodborne Pathogens under Refrigeration Conditions. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10041364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The decontamination of food contact surfaces is a major problem for the food industry. The radiant catalytic ionization (RCI) method, based on the ionization process, may be an alternative for conventional decontamination procedures. The advantage of this technique is the possibility of its application to household refrigerating appliances and industrial cold rooms. This study aimed to assess the effect of RCI on the reduction of Campylobacter jejuni, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella Enteritidis from the biofilms formed on a glass surface under refrigeration conditions. Bacterial biofilms were exposed to RCI for 24 h and after 12 (variant I) and 72 h (variant II) of the glass surface contamination. In the last variant (III), the contaminated meat was placed on the glass surface in the refrigerator and subjected to RCI treatment for 72 h. The significantly highest values of absolute reduction efficiency coefficient E were found for the bacterial attachment stage of biofilm formation (variant I). The research proves the efficiency of the RCI method in the reduction of bacteria number from a glass surface.
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