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Gallichotte EN, Henein S, Nivarthi U, Delacruz M, Scobey T, Bonaparte M, Moser J, Munteanu A, Baric R, de Silva AM. Vaccine-induced antibodies to contemporary strains of dengue virus type 4 show a mechanistic correlate of protective immunity. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110930. [PMID: 35675766 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The four dengue virus serotypes (DENV1-4) are mosquito-borne flaviviruses of humans. Several live-attenuated tetravalent DENV vaccines are at different stages of clinical development and approval. In children with no baseline immunity to DENVs, a leading vaccine (Dengvaxia) is efficacious against vaccine-matched DENV4 genotype II (GII) strains but not vaccine-mismatched DENV4 GI viruses. We use a panel of recombinant DENV4 viruses displaying GI or GII envelope (E) proteins to map Dengvaxia-induced neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) linked to protection. The vaccine stimulated antibodies that neutralize the DENV4 GII virus better than the GI virus. The neutralization differences map to 5 variable amino acids on the E protein located within a region targeted by DENV4 NAbs, supporting a mechanistic role for these epitope-specific NAbs in protection. In children with no baseline immunity to DENVs, levels of DENV4 serotype- and genotype-specific NAbs induced by vaccination are predictive of vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily N Gallichotte
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sandra Henein
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Usha Nivarthi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matthew Delacruz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Trevor Scobey
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ralph Baric
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Aravinda M de Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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52
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Molecular phylogenies map to biogeography better than morphological ones. Commun Biol 2022; 5:521. [PMID: 35641555 PMCID: PMC9156683 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03482-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phylogenetic relationships are inferred principally from two classes of data: morphological and molecular. Currently, most phylogenies of extant taxa are inferred from molecules and when morphological and molecular trees conflict the latter are often preferred. Although supported by simulations, the superiority of molecular trees has rarely been assessed empirically. Here we test phylogenetic accuracy using two independent data sources: biogeographic distributions and fossil first occurrences. For 48 pairs of morphological and molecular trees we show that, on average, molecular trees provide a better fit to biogeographic data than their morphological counterparts and that biogeographic congruence increases over research time. We find no significant differences in stratigraphic congruence between morphological and molecular trees. These results have implications for understanding the distribution of homoplasy in morphological data sets, the utility of morphology as a test of molecular hypotheses and the implications of analysing fossil groups for which molecular data are unavailable. Using biogeographical and phylogenetic data, it is shown that molecular trees fit species geographical data better than trees inferred from morphology, and that these differences are not simply due to better tree resolution.
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53
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Lineage Replacement Associated with Fitness Gain in Mammalian Cells and Aedes aegypti: A Catalyst for Dengue Virus Type 2 Transmission. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061100. [PMID: 35744618 PMCID: PMC9231088 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Shifting of virus serotypes and clade replacement events are known to drive dengue epidemics. However, only a few studies have attempted to elucidate the virus attributes that contribute to such epidemics. In 2007, Singapore experienced a dengue outbreak affecting more than 8000 individuals. The outbreak ensued with the shuffling of dominant clades (from clade I to clade II) of Dengue virus 2 (DENV-2) cosmopolitan genotype, at a time when the Aedes premise index was significantly low. Therefore, we hypothesized that clade II had higher epidemic potential and fitness than clade I. To test this hypothesis, we tested the replication and apoptotic qualities of clade I and II isolates in mammalian cells and their ability to infect and disseminate in a field strain of Ae. Aegypti. Our findings indicated that clade II replicated more efficiently in mammalian cells than clade I and possessed higher transmission potential in local vectors. This could collectively improve the epidemic potential of clade II, which dominated during the outbreak in 2007. The findings exemplify complex interactions between the emergence, adaptation and transmission potential of DENV, and testify the epidemiological importance of a deeper understanding of virus and vector dynamics in endemic regions.
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Han A, Sun B, Sun Z, Xu X, Yang Q, Xie D, Guan W, Lou Y. Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of the 2019 Dengue Outbreak in Wenzhou, China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:829380. [PMID: 35663472 PMCID: PMC9161089 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.829380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2019, a dengue outbreak occurred with 290 confirmed cases in Wenzhou, a coastal city in southeast China. To identify the origin of the dengue virus (DENV) from this outbreak, viral RNA was extracted from four serum samples and sequenced for whole genome analysis. Then, phylogenetic analysis, gene mutation, secondary structure prediction, selection pressure analysis, and recombination analysis were performed. DENV strains Cam-03 and Cam-11 were isolated from patients traveling from Cambodia, while ZJWZ-18 and ZJWZ-62 strains were isolated from local patients without a record of traveling abroad. The whole genome sequence of all four strains was 10,735 nucleotides long. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the four strains belonged to genotype 1 of DENV-1, but the local Wenzhou strains and imported strains clustered in different branches. ZJWZ-18 and ZJWZ-62 were closely related to strain MF033254-Singapore-2016, and Cam-03 and Cam-11 were closely related to strain AB608788-China : Taiwan-1994. A comparison of the coding regions between the local strains and the DENV-1 standard strain (EU848545-Hawaii-1944) showed 82 amino acid mutations between the two strains. A total of 55 amino acid mutations were found between the coding regions of the local and imported strains. The overall secondary structure of the 3' UTR of the local strains had changed: apparent changes in the head and tail position were observed when compared to DENV-1 standard strain. Furthermore, selection pressure analysis and recombination detection using the 4 isolates and 41 reference strains showed two credible positive selection sites and eight credible recombination events, which warrant further studies. This study may enhance the understanding of viral replication, infection, evolution, virulence, and pathogenicity of DENV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axiang Han
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Baochang Sun
- Department of Laboratory, Wenzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhewei Sun
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuelian Xu
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiongying Yang
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Danli Xie
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wanchun Guan
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yongliang Lou
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Hou J, Ye W, Chen J. Current Development and Challenges of Tetravalent Live-Attenuated Dengue Vaccines. Front Immunol 2022; 13:840104. [PMID: 35281026 PMCID: PMC8907379 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.840104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue is the most common arboviral disease caused by one of four distinct but closely related dengue viruses (DENV) and places significant economic and public health burdens in the endemic areas. A dengue vaccine will be important in advancing disease control. However, the effort has been challenged by the requirement to induce effective protection against all four DENV serotypes and the potential adverse effect due to the phenomenon that partial immunity to DENV may worsen the symptoms upon subsequent heterotypic infection. Currently, the most advanced dengue vaccines are all tetravalent and based on recombinant live attenuated viruses. CYD-TDV, developed by Sanofi Pasteur, has been approved but is limited for use in individuals with prior dengue infection. Two other tetravalent live attenuated vaccine candidates: TAK-003 by Takeda and TV003 by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, have completed phase 3 and phase 2 clinical trials, respectively. This review focuses on the designs and evaluation of TAK-003 and TV003 vaccine candidates in humans in comparison to the licensed CYD-TDV vaccine. We highlight specific lessons from existing studies and challenges that must be overcome in order to develop a dengue vaccine that confers effective and balanced protection against all four DENV serotypes but with minimal adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Hou
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Weijian Ye
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianzhu Chen
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biology, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
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Gaunt MW, Pettersson JHO, Kuno G, Gaunt B, de Lamballerie X, Gould EA. Widespread Interspecific Phylogenetic Tree Incongruence Between Mosquito-Borne and Insect-Specific Flaviviruses at Hotspots Originally Identified in Zika Virus. Virus Evol 2022; 8:veac027. [PMID: 35591877 PMCID: PMC9113262 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veac027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraspecies (homologous) phylogenetic incongruence, or ‘tree conflict’ between different loci within the same genome of mosquito-borne flaviviruses (MBFV), was first identified in dengue virus (DENV) and subsequently in Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), St Louis encephalitis virus, and Zika virus (ZIKV). Recently, the first evidence of phylogenetic incongruence between interspecific members of the MBFV was reported in ZIKV and its close relative, Spondweni virus. Uniquely, these hybrid proteomes were derived from four incongruent trees involving an Aedes-associated DENV node (1 tree) and three different Culex-associated flavivirus nodes (3 trees). This analysis has now been extended across a wider spectrum of viruses within the MBFV lineage targeting the breakpoints between phylogenetic incongruent loci originally identified in ZIKV. Interspecies phylogenetic incongruence at these breakpoints was identified in 10 of 50 viruses within the MBFV lineage, representing emergent Aedes and Culex-associated viruses including JEV, West Nile virus, yellow fever virus, and insect-specific viruses. Thus, interspecies phylogenetic incongruence is widespread amongst the flaviviruses and is robustly associated with the specific breakpoints that coincide with the interspecific phylogenetic incongruence previously identified, inferring they are ‘hotspots’. The incongruence amongst the emergent MBFV group was restricted to viruses within their respective associated epidemiological boundaries. This MBFV group was RY-coded at the third codon position (‘wobble codon’) to remove transition saturation. The resulting ‘wobble codon’ trees presented a single topology for the entire genome that lacked any robust evidence of phylogenetic incongruence between loci. Phylogenetic interspecific incongruence was therefore observed for exactly the same loci between amino acid and the RY-coded ‘wobble codon’ alignments and this incongruence represented either a major part, or the entire genomes. Maximum likelihood codon analysis revealed positive selection for the incongruent lineages. Positive selection could result in the same locus producing two opposing trees. These analyses for the clinically important MBFV suggest that robust interspecific phylogenetic incongruence resulted from amino acid selection. Convergent or parallel evolutions are evolutionary processes that would explain the observation, whilst interspecific recombination is unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Gaunt
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - John H-O Pettersson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Medical Sciences, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Goro Kuno
- Formerly, Centers for Disease Control, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Bill Gaunt
- Aeon-sys, MBCS Kensington Road, Barnsley S75 2TU, UK
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- UMR “Unité des Virus Emergents”, Aix-Marseille Université-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- APHM Public Hospitals of Marseille, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Ernest A Gould
- UMR “Unité des Virus Emergents”, Aix-Marseille Université-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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Andrade EHP, Figueiredo LB, Vilela APP, Rosa JCC, Zibaoui HM, Kroon EG. Virological Surveillance of Aedes aegypti Vectors Identifies All Four Dengue Serotypes in a Hyperendemic Region. ECOHEALTH 2022; 19:75-84. [PMID: 35318521 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-022-01583-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) 1-4 is the etiological agent of dengue, the most important viral infection transmitted by Aedes spp mosquitoes to humans. Our goal was to identify the circulating DENV in Aedes aegypti collected in an area of Brazil where all four DENV serotypes had already been detected in humans, understand the epidemiology better, and to test the vector as a virological surveillance tool. Twenty-eight larvae pools and 174 females of Aedes aegypti were screened by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction and semi-nested PCR assays. PCR products were sequenced, and phylogenetic analyses were performed. Nine larvae pools (32.1%) were positive for DENV, four (44.4%) with DENV-3, and five (55.6%) with more than one serotype. Fifteen females (8.6%) were positive for any DENV serotype. DENV-1 isolates belong to genotype V, DENV-2 to American-Asian genotype, DENV-3 to genotypes I and III, and DENV-4 to genotypes I and II. We demonstrate for the first time the co-circulation of all four DENV serotypes in larvae pools and adult Aedes aegypti in a hyperendemic area. This scenario represents a challenge for disease control and reinforces the importance of virological surveillance in the vector as a tool for predicting circulating DENV serotypes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Helena Paz Andrade
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Leandra Barcelos Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Júlio César Câmara Rosa
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Erna Geessien Kroon
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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58
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Yu X, Cheng G. Adaptive Evolution as a Driving Force of the Emergence and Re-Emergence of Mosquito-Borne Viral Diseases. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020435. [PMID: 35216028 PMCID: PMC8878277 DOI: 10.3390/v14020435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging and re-emerging mosquito-borne viral diseases impose a significant burden on global public health. The most common mosquito-borne viruses causing recent epidemics include flaviviruses in the family Flaviviridae, including Dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and West Nile virus (WNV) and Togaviridae viruses, such as chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Several factors may have contributed to the recent re-emergence and spread of mosquito-borne viral diseases. Among these important causes are the evolution of mosquito-borne viruses and the genetic mutations that make them more adaptive and virulent, leading to widespread epidemics. RNA viruses tend to acquire genetic diversity due to error-prone RNA-dependent RNA polymerases, thus promoting high mutation rates that support adaptation to environmental changes or host immunity. In this review, we discuss recent findings on the adaptive evolution of mosquito-borne viruses and their impact on viral infectivity, pathogenicity, vector fitness, transmissibility, epidemic potential and disease emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Institute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Correspondence:
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59
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Jayadas TTP, Kumanan T, Gomes L, Jeewandara C, Malavige GN, Ranasinghe D, Jadi RS, Ramasamy R, Surendran SN. Regional Variation in Dengue Virus Serotypes in Sri Lanka and Its Clinical and Epidemiological Relevance. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:2084. [PMID: 34829432 PMCID: PMC8618005 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11112084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a significant health concern in Sri Lanka, but diagnosis of the infecting dengue virus (DENV) serotype has hitherto been largely restricted to the Colombo district in the western province. Salinity tolerant Aedes vectors are present in the island's northern Jaffna peninsula, which is undergoing rapid groundwater salinization. Virus serotypes were determined by RT-qPCR in 107 and 112 patients diagnosed by NS1 antigen positivity from the Jaffna district in 2018 and 2019, respectively, and related to clinical characteristics. DENV1 and DENV2 were the most common serotypes in both years. Infections with multiple serotypes were not detected. DENV1 was significantly more prevalent in 2019 than 2018, while DENV3 was significantly more prevalent in 2018 than 2019 among the Jaffna patients. Limited genomic sequencing identified DENV1 genotype-I and DENV3 genotype-I in Jaffna patients in 2018. Dengue was more prevalent in working age persons and males among the serotyped Jaffna patients. DENV1 and DENV2 were the predominant serotypes in 2019 in the Colombo district. However, DENV1 and DENV3 were significantly more prevalent in Colombo compared with Jaffna in 2019. The differences in the prevalence of DENV1 and DENV3 between the Jaffna and Colombo districts in 2019 have implications for dengue epidemiology and vaccination. Salinity-tolerant Aedes vector strains, widespread in the Jaffna peninsula, may have contributed to differences in serotype prevalence compared with the Colombo district in 2019. Significant associations were not identified between virus serotypes and clinical characteristics among Jaffna patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laksiri Gomes
- Centre for Dengue Research, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka; (L.G.); (C.J.); (G.N.M.); (D.R.)
| | - Chandima Jeewandara
- Centre for Dengue Research, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka; (L.G.); (C.J.); (G.N.M.); (D.R.)
| | - Gathsaurie N. Malavige
- Centre for Dengue Research, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka; (L.G.); (C.J.); (G.N.M.); (D.R.)
| | - Diyanath Ranasinghe
- Centre for Dengue Research, Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka; (L.G.); (C.J.); (G.N.M.); (D.R.)
| | - Ramesh S. Jadi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7290, USA;
| | - Ranjan Ramasamy
- Department of Zoology, University of Jaffna, Jaffna 40000, Sri Lanka;
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Joshi G, Quadir SS, Yadav KS. Road map to the treatment of neglected tropical diseases: Nanocarriers interventions. J Control Release 2021; 339:51-74. [PMID: 34555491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neglected tropical disease (NTD) is a set of 20 deadliest endemic diseases which shows its presence in most of the developing countries worldwide. Nearly 1 billion of the population are affected by it and suffered from poverty yearly. These diseases offer their own unique challenges and limitations towards effective prevention and treatment methods. Neglected tropical diseases are severe infections they may not kill the patient but debilitate the patient by causing severe skin deformities, disfigurement and horrible risks for several infections. Existing therapies for neglected diseases suffer from the loopholes like high degree of toxicity, side effects, low bioavailability, improper targeting and problematic application for affected populations. Progress in the field of nanotechnology in last decades suggested the intervention of nanocarriers to take over and drive the research and development to the next level by incorporating established drugs into the nanocarriers rather than discovering the newer drugs which is an expensive affair. These nanocarriers are believed to be a sure shot technique to fight infections at root level by virtue of its nanosize and ability to reach at cellular level. This article highlights the recent advances, rationale, targets and the challenges that are being faced to fight against NTDs and how the novel therapy tactics are able to contribute to its importance in prevention and treatment of NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001, India
| | - Sheikh Shahnawaz Quadir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001, India
| | - Khushwant S Yadav
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Mumbai 400056, India.
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61
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VanBlargan LA, Milutinovic PS, Goo L, DeMaso CR, Durbin AP, Whitehead SS, Pierson TC, Dowd KA. Dengue Virus Serotype 1 Conformational Dynamics Confers Virus Strain-Dependent Patterns of Neutralization by Polyclonal Sera. J Virol 2021; 95:e0095621. [PMID: 34549976 PMCID: PMC8577358 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00956-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus cocirculates globally as four serotypes (DENV1 to -4) that vary up to 40% at the amino acid level. Viral strains within a serotype further cluster into multiple genotypes. Eliciting a protective tetravalent neutralizing antibody response is a major goal of vaccine design, and efforts to characterize epitopes targeted by polyclonal mixtures of antibodies are ongoing. Previously, we identified two E protein residues (126 and 157) that defined the serotype-specific antibody response to DENV1 genotype 4 strain West Pac-74. DENV1 and DENV2 human vaccine sera neutralized DENV1 viruses incorporating these substitutions equivalently. In this study, we explored the contribution of these residues to the neutralization of DENV1 strains representing distinct genotypes. While neutralization of the genotype 1 strain TVP2130 was similarly impacted by mutation at E residues 126 and 157, mutation of these residues in the genotype 2 strain 16007 did not markedly change neutralization sensitivity, indicating the existence of additional DENV1 type-specific antibody targets. The accessibility of antibody epitopes can be strongly influenced by the conformational dynamics of virions and modified allosterically by amino acid variation. We found that changes at E domain II residue 204, shown previously to impact access to a poorly accessible E domain III epitope, impacted sensitivity of DENV1 16007 to neutralization by vaccine immune sera. Our data identify a role for minor sequence variation in changes to the antigenic structure that impacts antibody recognition by polyclonal immune sera. Understanding how the many structures sampled by flaviviruses influence antibody recognition will inform the design and evaluation of DENV immunogens. IMPORTANCE Dengue virus (DENV) is an important human pathogen that cocirculates globally as four serotypes. Because sequential infection by different DENV serotypes is associated with more severe disease, eliciting a protective neutralizing antibody response against all four serotypes is a major goal of vaccine efforts. Here, we report that neutralization of DENV serotype 1 by polyclonal antibody is impacted by minor sequence variation among virus strains. Our data suggest that mechanisms that control neutralization sensitivity extend beyond variation within antibody epitopes but also include the influence of single amino acids on the ensemble of structural states sampled by structurally dynamic virions. A more detailed understanding of the antibody targets of DENV-specific polyclonal sera and factors that govern their access to antibody has important implications for flavivirus antigen design and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. VanBlargan
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Pavle S. Milutinovic
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Leslie Goo
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christina R. DeMaso
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anna P. Durbin
- Center for Immunization Research, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen S. Whitehead
- Arbovirus Vaccine Research Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Theodore C. Pierson
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kimberly A. Dowd
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Hayati RF, Denis D, Tallo KT, Sirait T, Tukan J, Santoso MS, Yohan B, Haryanto S, Frost SDW, Stubbs SCB, Sasmono RT. Molecular epidemiology of dengue in a setting of low reported endemicity: Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara province, Indonesia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2021; 115:1304-1316. [PMID: 34528099 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trab138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most regions in Indonesia experience annual dengue epidemics. However, the province of East Nusa Tenggara has consistently reported low incidence. We conducted a dengue molecular epidemiology study in Kupang, the capital of the province. METHODS Dengue patients were recruited from May 2016 to September 2017. Dengue virus (DENV) screening was performed using NS1 and immunoglobulin G (IgG)/IgM detection. Serotype was determined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and the envelope genes were sequenced to infer the genetic identity and phylogeny. RESULTS From 119 patients, dengue was confirmed in 62 (52%). Compared with official data, underreporting of dengue incidence was observed. The majority (36%) of patients were children <10 y of age. Most patients (80%) experienced mild fever. All serotypes were detected, with DENV-3 as the predominant (57%). Kupang DENV-1 isolate was classified as genotype IV, an old and endemic strain, DENV-2 as cosmopolitan, DENV-3 as genotype I and DENV-4 as genotype II. Most isolates showed relatively low evolutionary rates and are closely related with strains from Bali and Timor Leste. CONCLUSIONS The low dengue incidence was most likely caused by sustained local circulation of endemic viruses. This study provides information on the epidemiology of dengue in a low-endemicity setting that should help future mitigation and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahma F Hayati
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Tuppak Sirait
- SK Lerik Regional Public Hospital, Kupang, Indonesia
| | - Joanita Tukan
- SK Lerik Regional Public Hospital, Kupang, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | - Simon D W Frost
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA
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63
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Calvez E, Bounmany P, Balière C, Somlor S, Viengphouthong S, Xaybounsou T, Keosenhom S, Fangkham K, Brey PT, Caro V, Lacoste V, Grandadam M. Using Background Sequencing Data to Anticipate DENV-1 Circulation in the Lao PDR. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112263. [PMID: 34835389 PMCID: PMC8617722 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its first detection in 1979, dengue fever has been considered a major public health issue in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR). Dengue virus (DENV) serotype 1 was the cause of an epidemic in 2010–2011. Between 2012 and 2020, major outbreaks due successively to DENV-3, DENV-4 and recently DENV-2 have been recorded. However, DENV-1 still co-circulated in the country over this period. Here, we summarize epidemiological and molecular data of DENV-1 between 2016 and 2020 in the Lao PDR. Our data highlight the continuous circulation of DENV-1 in the country at levels ranging from 16% to 22% among serotyping tests. In addition, the phylogenetic analysis has revealed the circulation of DENV-1 genotype I at least since 2008 with a co-circulation of different clusters. Sequence data support independent DENV-1 introductions in the Lao PDR correlated with an active circulation of this serotype at the regional level in Southeast Asia. The maintenance of DENV-1 circulation over the last ten years supports a low level of immunity against this serotype within the Lao population. Thereby, the risk of a DENV-1 epidemic cannot be ruled out in the future, and this emphasizes the importance of maintaining an integrated surveillance approach to prevent major outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Calvez
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (P.B.); (S.S.); (S.V.); (T.X.); (S.K.); (K.F.); (V.L.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Phaithong Bounmany
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (P.B.); (S.S.); (S.V.); (T.X.); (S.K.); (K.F.); (V.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Charlotte Balière
- Environment and Infectious Risks Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; (C.B.); (V.C.)
| | - Somphavanh Somlor
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (P.B.); (S.S.); (S.V.); (T.X.); (S.K.); (K.F.); (V.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Souksakhone Viengphouthong
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (P.B.); (S.S.); (S.V.); (T.X.); (S.K.); (K.F.); (V.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Thonglakhone Xaybounsou
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (P.B.); (S.S.); (S.V.); (T.X.); (S.K.); (K.F.); (V.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Sitsana Keosenhom
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (P.B.); (S.S.); (S.V.); (T.X.); (S.K.); (K.F.); (V.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Kitphithak Fangkham
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (P.B.); (S.S.); (S.V.); (T.X.); (S.K.); (K.F.); (V.L.); (M.G.)
- Lao Army Institute for Preventive Medicine, Vientiane 01030, Laos
| | - Paul T. Brey
- Medical Entomology and Vector Borne Disease Unit, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane 01030, Laos;
| | - Valérie Caro
- Environment and Infectious Risks Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; (C.B.); (V.C.)
| | - Vincent Lacoste
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (P.B.); (S.S.); (S.V.); (T.X.); (S.K.); (K.F.); (V.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Marc Grandadam
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (P.B.); (S.S.); (S.V.); (T.X.); (S.K.); (K.F.); (V.L.); (M.G.)
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64
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Low ZX, OuYong BM, Hassandarvish P, Poh CL, Ramanathan B. Antiviral activity of silymarin and baicalein against dengue virus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21221. [PMID: 34707245 PMCID: PMC8551334 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98949-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is an arthropod-borne viral disease that has become endemic and a global threat in many countries with no effective antiviral drug available currently. This study showed that flavonoids: silymarin and baicalein could inhibit the dengue virus in vitro and were well tolerated in Vero cells with a half-maximum cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of 749.70 µg/mL and 271.03 µg/mL, respectively. Silymarin and baicalein exerted virucidal effects against DENV-3, with a selective index (SI) of 10.87 and 21.34, respectively. Baicalein showed a better inhibition of intracellular DENV-3 progeny with a SI of 7.82 compared to silymarin. Baicalein effectively blocked DENV-3 attachment (95.59%) to the Vero cells, while silymarin prevented the viral entry (72.46%) into the cells, thus reducing viral infectivity. Both flavonoids showed promising antiviral activity against all four dengue serotypes. The in silico molecular docking showed that silymarin could bind to the viral envelope (E) protein with a binding affinity of - 8.5 kcal/mol and form hydrogen bonds with the amino acids GLN120, TRP229, ASN89, and THR223 of the E protein. Overall, this study showed that silymarin and baicalein exhibited potential anti-DENV activity and could serve as promising antiviral agents for further development against dengue infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Xuan Low
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Brian Ming OuYong
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pouya Hassandarvish
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, University Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chit Laa Poh
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Babu Ramanathan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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65
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Fourié T, El Bara A, Dubot-Pérès A, Grard G, Briolant S, Basco LK, Ouldabdallahi Moukah M, Leparc-Goffart I. Emergence of dengue virus serotype 2 in Mauritania and molecular characterization of its circulation in West Africa. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009829. [PMID: 34695119 PMCID: PMC8568173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of sporadic and epidemic dengue fever cases have reportedly been increasing in recent years in some West African countries, such as Senegal and Mali. The first epidemic of laboratory-confirmed dengue occurred in Nouakchott, the capital city of Mauritania situated in the Saharan desert, in 2014. On-site diagnosis of dengue fever was established using a rapid diagnostic test for dengue. In parallel, the presence of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in the city was confirmed. The initial diagnosis was confirmed by RT-PCR, which showed that all samples from the 2014 dengue epidemic in Nouakchott were dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2). The whole genome or envelope protein gene of these strains, together with other DENV-2 strains obtained from travelers returning from West African countries to France between 2016 and 2019 (including two Mauritanian strains in 2017 and 2018), were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis suggested a recent emergence of an epidemic strain from the cosmopolitan genotype belonging to West African cosmopolitan lineage II, which is genetically distinct from African sylvatic genotype. The origin of this DENV-2 lineage is still unknown, but our data seem to suggest a recent and rapid dispersion of the epidemic strain throughout the region. More complete genome sequences of West African DENV-2 are required for a better understanding of the dynamics of its circulation. Arboviral surveillance and outbreak forecasting are urgently needed in West Africa. In Africa, dengue viruses 1 to 4 are transmitted to primates by Aedes mosquitoes in a sylvatic cycle or an urban/epidemic cycle involving humans. Infection in humans may be asymptomatic or may range from mild flu-like illness to severe hemorrhagic fever. The dengue viruses have a pantropical distribution, mostly in urbanized areas where vectors have become well adapted. This report shows dengue can also emerge in desert areas, as seen for the first time in an outbreak in 2014 in Nouakchott, Mauritania, where climatic, environmental, and human behavioral changes favor the emergence of Aedes mosquitoes. Dengue virus 2 was found in multiple human samples collected during the outbreak. Genomic analysis of dengue virus 2 isolates from the Mauritanian outbreak and from infected travelers revealed the rapid emergence of a specific “West African epidemic strain” of the virus throughout West Africa during the last decade, which is distinct from other strains found elsewhere and from historical or sylvatic strains. More genomic data would help us understand the circulation of dengue virus in West Africa, to help forecast and mitigate outbreaks in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toscane Fourié
- Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix Marseille Université - IRD 190—INSERM 1207, Marseille, France
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France
| | - Ahmed El Bara
- Institut National de Recherche en Santé Publique, Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - Audrey Dubot-Pérès
- Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix Marseille Université - IRD 190—INSERM 1207, Marseille, France
| | - Gilda Grard
- Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix Marseille Université - IRD 190—INSERM 1207, Marseille, France
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France
| | - Sébastien Briolant
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
- IHU—Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Leonardo K. Basco
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
- IHU—Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Mohamed Ouldabdallahi Moukah
- Unité de Recherche Génomes et Milieux, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Nouakchott Al-Aasriya, Nouakchott, Mauritania
- Initiative mauritanienne pour la lutte contre les maladies endémiques “MEDCINGO” Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - Isabelle Leparc-Goffart
- Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix Marseille Université - IRD 190—INSERM 1207, Marseille, France
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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66
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Adam A, Jassoy C. Epidemiology and Laboratory Diagnostics of Dengue, Yellow Fever, Zika, and Chikungunya Virus Infections in Africa. Pathogens 2021; 10:1324. [PMID: 34684274 PMCID: PMC8541377 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbovirus infections are widespread, and their disease burden has increased in the past decade. In Africa, arbovirus infections and fever with unknown etiology are common. Due to the lack of well-established epidemiologic surveillance systems and accurate differential diagnosis in most African countries, little is known about the prevalence of human arbovirus infections in Africa. The aim of this review is to summarize the available epidemiological data and diagnostic laboratory tools of infections with dengue, yellow fever, Zika, and chikungunya viruses, all transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Studies indicate that these arboviral infections are endemic in most of Africa. Surveillance of the incidence and prevalence of the infections would enable medical doctors to improve the diagnostic accuracy in patients with typical symptoms. If possible, arboviral diagnostic tests should be added to the routine healthcare systems. Healthcare providers should be informed about the prevalent arboviral diseases to identify possible cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awadalkareem Adam
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (C.J.); Tel.: +49-341-9714314 (C.J.); Fax: +49-341-9714309 (C.J.)
| | - Christian Jassoy
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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67
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Tsheten T, Clements ACA, Gray DJ, Adhikary RK, Furuya-Kanamori L, Wangdi K. Clinical predictors of severe dengue: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Infect Dis Poverty 2021; 10:123. [PMID: 34627388 PMCID: PMC8501593 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-021-00908-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe dengue is a life-threatening complication; rapid identification of these cases, followed by adequate management is crucial to improve the clinical prognosis. Therefore, this study aimed to identify risk factors and predictors of severe dengue.
Methods A literature search for studies reporting risk factors of severe dengue among individuals with dengue virus infection was conducted in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science database from inception to December 31, 2020. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) for patients’ demographic characteristics, co-morbidities, and warning signs were estimated using an inverse variance heterogeneity model.
Results We included 143 articles in the meta-analysis from a total of 13 090 articles retrieved from the literature search. The risk factors of severe dengue were: being a child [OR = 1.96; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22–3.13], secondary infection (OR = 3.23; 95% CI: 2.28–4.57), and patients with pre-existing diabetes (OR = 2.88; 95% CI: 1.72–4.81) and renal disease (OR = 4.54; 95% CI: 1.55–13.31). Warning signs strongly associated with severe disease were increased haematocrit with a concurrent decrease in platelet count (OR = 5.13; 95% CI: 1.61–16.34), abdominal pain (OR = 2.00; 95% CI: 1.49–2.68), lethargy (OR = 2.73; 95% CI: 1.05–7.10), vomiting (OR = 1.80; 95% CI: 1.43–2.26), hepatomegaly (OR = 5.92; 95% CI: 3.29–10.66), ascites (OR = 6.30; 95% CI: 3.75–10.60), pleural effusion (OR = 5.72; 95% CI: 3.24–10.10) and melena (OR = 4.05; 95% CI: 1.64–10.00). Conclusions Our meta-analysis identified children, secondary infection, diabetes and renal disease(s) as important predictors of severe dengue. Our finding also supports the predictive ability of the WHO warning signs to identify severe dengue. These findings are useful for clinicians to identify severe dengue for management and timely interventions. ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40249-021-00908-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsheten Tsheten
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. .,Royal Centre for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Thimphu, Bhutan.
| | - Archie C A Clements
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Australia.,Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Darren J Gray
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Ripon K Adhikary
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Luis Furuya-Kanamori
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Kinley Wangdi
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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68
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Navero-Castillejos J, Benitez R, Torner N, Muñoz J, Camprubí-Ferrer D, Peiró-Mestres A, Sulleiro E, Silgado A, Gonzalo V, Falgueras T, Alejo-Cancho I, Roldán M, Plasencia V, Albarracin R, Perez J, Navarro A, Calderón A, Rubio R, Navarro M, Micó M, Llaberia J, Navarro M, Barrachina J, Vilamala A, Martí C, Pulido MÁ, Sanchez-Seco MP, Vazquez A, Martínez A, Jané M, Martínez MJ. Molecular Characterization of Imported and Autochthonous Dengue in Northeastern Spain. Viruses 2021; 13:1910. [PMID: 34696340 PMCID: PMC8539074 DOI: 10.3390/v13101910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is the most significant arbovirus worldwide and a public health threat to non-endemic areas in which Aedes vectors are present. Autochthonous dengue transmission has been reported in several European countries in the last decade. Infected travelers from endemic regions arriving to areas colonized by Aedes albopictus in Europe need to be monitored in surveillance and control programs. We aimed to perform molecular characterization of RT-PCR-positive dengue cases detected in Catalonia, northeastern Spain, from 2013 to 2018. The basic demographic information and the geographical regions of importation were also analyzed. One-hundred four dengue cases were studied (103 imported infections and the first autochthonous case in our region). The dengue virus strains detected were serotyped and genotyped using molecular methods, and phylogenetic analyses were conducted. All four dengue serotypes were detected in travelers, including up to 10 different genotypes, reflecting the global circulation of dengue in endemic areas. The primary travel-related case of the 2018 autochthonous transmission was not identified, but the molecular analysis revealed dengue serotype 1, genotype I of Asian origin. Our results highlight the diversity of imported dengue virus strains and the role of molecular epidemiology in supporting arbovirus surveillance programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Navero-Castillejos
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.N.-C.); (A.P.-M.); (V.G.); (I.A.-C.); (R.A.); (A.N.); (M.N.); (J.B.)
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.M.); (D.C.-F.); (M.R.)
| | - Rosa Benitez
- North Metropolitan International Health Unit PROSICS, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain;
| | - Nuria Torner
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - José Muñoz
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.M.); (D.C.-F.); (M.R.)
| | - Daniel Camprubí-Ferrer
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.M.); (D.C.-F.); (M.R.)
| | - Aida Peiró-Mestres
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.N.-C.); (A.P.-M.); (V.G.); (I.A.-C.); (R.A.); (A.N.); (M.N.); (J.B.)
| | - Elena Sulleiro
- Department of Microbiology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (E.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Aroa Silgado
- Department of Microbiology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (E.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Verónica Gonzalo
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.N.-C.); (A.P.-M.); (V.G.); (I.A.-C.); (R.A.); (A.N.); (M.N.); (J.B.)
| | - Teresa Falgueras
- Hospital Municipal de Badalona, Badalona Serveis Assistencials, 08911 Badalona, Spain; (T.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Izaskun Alejo-Cancho
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.N.-C.); (A.P.-M.); (V.G.); (I.A.-C.); (R.A.); (A.N.); (M.N.); (J.B.)
| | - Montserrat Roldán
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.M.); (D.C.-F.); (M.R.)
| | - Virginia Plasencia
- Microbiology Laboratory, Catlab, 08232 Viladecavalls, Spain; (V.P.); (J.P.); (R.R.)
| | - Rosa Albarracin
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.N.-C.); (A.P.-M.); (V.G.); (I.A.-C.); (R.A.); (A.N.); (M.N.); (J.B.)
| | - Josefa Perez
- Microbiology Laboratory, Catlab, 08232 Viladecavalls, Spain; (V.P.); (J.P.); (R.R.)
| | - Alexander Navarro
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.N.-C.); (A.P.-M.); (V.G.); (I.A.-C.); (R.A.); (A.N.); (M.N.); (J.B.)
| | - Ana Calderón
- Hospital Municipal de Badalona, Badalona Serveis Assistencials, 08911 Badalona, Spain; (T.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Rosa Rubio
- Microbiology Laboratory, Catlab, 08232 Viladecavalls, Spain; (V.P.); (J.P.); (R.R.)
| | - Mireia Navarro
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.N.-C.); (A.P.-M.); (V.G.); (I.A.-C.); (R.A.); (A.N.); (M.N.); (J.B.)
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.M.); (D.C.-F.); (M.R.)
| | - Miguel Micó
- Microbiology Department, Xarxa Assistencial Universitària de Manresa, 08243 Manresa, Spain;
| | - Jaume Llaberia
- Hospital de Barcelona, Societat Cooperativa d’Instal·lacions Assistencials Sanitàries (SCIAS), 08034 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - María Navarro
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari de Vic, 08500 Barcelona, Spain; (M.N.); (A.V.)
| | - Josep Barrachina
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.N.-C.); (A.P.-M.); (V.G.); (I.A.-C.); (R.A.); (A.N.); (M.N.); (J.B.)
| | - Anna Vilamala
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitari de Vic, 08500 Barcelona, Spain; (M.N.); (A.V.)
| | - Carmina Martí
- Hospital General de Granollers, 08402 Granollers, Spain; (C.M.); (M.Á.P.)
| | | | - María Paz Sanchez-Seco
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28222 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.S.-S.); (A.V.)
| | - Ana Vazquez
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28222 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.S.-S.); (A.V.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martínez
- Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Generalitat of Catalonia, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; (A.M.); (M.J.)
| | - Mireia Jané
- Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Generalitat of Catalonia, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; (A.M.); (M.J.)
| | - Miguel Julián Martínez
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.N.-C.); (A.P.-M.); (V.G.); (I.A.-C.); (R.A.); (A.N.); (M.N.); (J.B.)
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.M.); (D.C.-F.); (M.R.)
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69
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Gowri Sankar S, Mowna Sundari T, Alwin Prem Anand A. Emergence of Dengue 4 as Dominant Serotype During 2017 Outbreak in South India and Associated Cytokine Expression Profile. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:681937. [PMID: 34447698 PMCID: PMC8382982 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.681937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, which is fatal if untreated symptomatically. Emergence of new genotype within serotypes led to enhanced severity. The objective of the study is to identify the molecular characteristics of the DENV circulated during 2017 outbreak in Tamil Nadu, India, and to investigate the role of inflammatory cytokines in different “serotypes” and in “dengue severity”. A total of 135 suspected samples were tested for DENV infection using IgM, IgG, and qPCR assay; where 76 samples were positive for DENV and analyzed for 12 inflammatory cytokines using ELISA. Serotyping shows 14 DENV-1, 22 DENV-2, 7 DENV-3, and 33 DENV-4, where DENV-4 was predominant. Among 76, 42 isolates were successfully sequenced for C-prM region and grouped. A lineage shift was observed in DENV-4 genotype. Irrespective of serotypes, IFNγ was significantly elevated in all serotypes than control as well as in primary infection than secondary, indicating its role in immune response. GM-CSF and IP-10 were significantly elevated in secondary infection and could be used as prognostic biomarkers for secondary infection. Our observation shows differential cytokine expression profile varied with each serotype, indicating serotype/genotype-specific viral proteins might play a major role in dengue severity. DENV-4 as dominant serotype was reported in Tamil Nadu for the first time during an outbreak with a mixed Th1/Th17 cytokine expression profile that correlated with disease severity. We conclude it is essential to identify circulating viral genotype and their fitness by mutational analysis to correlate with disease severity and immune status, as this correlation will be helpful in diagnostics and therapeutics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gowri Sankar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-Vector Control Research Center - Field Station, Madurai, India
| | - T Mowna Sundari
- Department of Biotechnology - Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facilities (DBT-BIF) Centre (Under DBT Biotechnology Information System Network (BTISNet) Scheme), Lady Doak College, Madurai, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Lady Doak College, Madurai, India
| | - A Alwin Prem Anand
- Institute of Clinical Anatomy and Cell Analysis, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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70
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Fibriansah G, Lim XN, Lok SM. Morphological Diversity and Dynamics of Dengue Virus Affecting Antigenicity. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081446. [PMID: 34452312 PMCID: PMC8402850 DOI: 10.3390/v13081446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The four serotypes of the mature dengue virus can display different morphologies, including the compact spherical, the bumpy spherical and the non-spherical clubshape morphologies. In addition, the maturation process of dengue virus is inefficient and therefore some partially immature dengue virus particles have been observed and they are infectious. All these viral particles have different antigenicity profiles and thus may affect the type of the elicited antibodies during an immune response. Understanding the molecular determinants and environmental conditions (e.g., temperature) in inducing morphological changes in the virus and how potent antibodies interact with these particles is important for designing effective therapeutics or vaccines. Several techniques, including cryoEM, site-directed mutagenesis, hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, time-resolve fluorescence resonance energy transfer, and molecular dynamic simulation, have been performed to investigate the structural changes. This review describes all known morphological variants of DENV discovered thus far, their surface protein dynamics and the key residues or interactions that play important roles in the structural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guntur Fibriansah
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke–National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (G.F.); (X.-N.L.)
- Centre for BioImaging Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117557, Singapore
| | - Xin-Ni Lim
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke–National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (G.F.); (X.-N.L.)
- Centre for BioImaging Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117557, Singapore
| | - Shee-Mei Lok
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke–National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (G.F.); (X.-N.L.)
- Centre for BioImaging Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117557, Singapore
- Correspondence:
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71
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Dieng I, Diagne MM, Ndione MHD, Hedible BG, Diop M, Adjoguoua EV, Sylla Y, Kadjo H, Loucoubar C, Sall AA, Faye O, Faye O. Dengue virus serotype 2 imported case from Côte d'Ivoire to Senegal, 2017. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:3035-3040. [PMID: 34270171 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dengue fever is the most common arboviral infection worldwide. Its epidemiology in Africa is not yet fully understood due to the lack of awareness, the presence of other dengue-like febrile diseases, and insufficient laboratory capabilities. This paper reports on the import of dengue virus serotype 2 case from Côte d'Ivoire to Senegal in West Africa. Phylogenetic analysis based on full-length genome sequence revealed that the isolate clustered with strains of cosmopolitan genotypes from the Burkina Faso outbreak in 2016 and those from the ongoing dengue fever outbreak in Côte d'Ivoire. This suggests a possible spread of strains from the Burkina Faso outbreak to other West African countries including Côte d'Ivoire and Senegal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idrissa Dieng
- Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Moussa Moïse Diagne
- Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Marie Henriette Dior Ndione
- Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Boris Gildas Hedible
- Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Science Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Mamadou Diop
- Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Science Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Edgard Valéry Adjoguoua
- Departement des virus épidemiques, Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Yahaya Sylla
- Departement des virus épidemiques, Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Herve Kadjo
- Departement des virus épidemiques, Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Cheikh Loucoubar
- Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Science Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Amadou Alpha Sall
- Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Oumar Faye
- Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Ousmane Faye
- Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
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72
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Viral and Prion Infections Associated with Central Nervous System Syndromes in Brazil. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071370. [PMID: 34372576 PMCID: PMC8310075 DOI: 10.3390/v13071370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus-induced infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are among the most serious problems in public health and can be associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, mainly in low- and middle-income countries, where these manifestations have been neglected. Typically, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, varicella-zoster, and enterovirus are responsible for a high number of cases in immunocompetent hosts, whereas other herpesviruses (for example, cytomegalovirus) are the most common in immunocompromised individuals. Arboviruses have also been associated with outbreaks with a high burden of neurological disorders, such as the Zika virus epidemic in Brazil. There is a current lack of understanding in Brazil about the most common viruses involved in CNS infections. In this review, we briefly summarize the most recent studies and findings associated with the CNS, in addition to epidemiological data that provide extensive information on the circulation and diversity of the most common neuro-invasive viruses in Brazil. We also highlight important aspects of the prion-associated diseases. This review provides readers with better knowledge of virus-associated CNS infections. A deeper understanding of these infections will support the improvement of the current surveillance strategies to allow the timely monitoring of the emergence/re-emergence of neurotropic viruses.
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73
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Falconi-Agapito F, Kerkhof K, Merino X, Michiels J, Van Esbroeck M, Bartholomeeusen K, Talledo M, Ariën KK. Dynamics of the Magnitude, Breadth and Depth of the Antibody Response at Epitope Level Following Dengue Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:686691. [PMID: 34290707 PMCID: PMC8289389 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.686691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a major public health problem in tropical and sub-tropical regions worldwide. Since the Zika epidemic and the increased co-circulation of other arboviruses, the serology-based diagnosis of dengue has become more problematic due to the high antigenic resemblance, especially among the flavivirus family. Therefore, a more comprehensive understanding of the diversity, specificity and temporal evolution of the antibody response following dengue infection is needed. In order to close this knowledge gap, we used a high-density peptide microarray of 9,072 linear peptides covering the entire proteome diversity of dengue, Zika, yellow fever and chikungunya viruses. The IgM and IgG antibody responses were measured against the designed microarray in symptomatic dengue infected individuals from an arbovirus endemic area in Peru and in overseas travelers returning to Belgium, as representatives of multiple-exposed and primary infections, respectively. Serum samples were collected longitudinally across four time points over the period of six months in Peru and over two time points in travelers. We show that epitopes eliciting the strongest flavivirus cross-reactive antibodies, in both primary and secondary infections were concentrated in the capsid, E, NS1, NS3 and NS5 proteins. The IgG antibody responses against NS1 and NS3 followed a rise-and-fall pattern, with peak titers between two to four weeks after onset of illness. The response to the E and NS5 proteins increased rapidly in the acute phase and was maintained at stable levels until at least 6 months after illness. A more scattered IgM antibody reactivity across the viral proteome was observed in the acute phase of the disease and that persisted through the 6-month window. The magnitude, breadth (i.e. number of unique epitopes targeted) and depth (i.e. number of epitope variants recognized) of the IgG response was higher in secondary infections compared to primary infections. For IgM antibodies, the magnitude of the response was higher in primary infected individuals whereas the breadth and depth of the response was lower in this group compared with the endemic subjects. Finally, through this arboviral proteome-wide epitope mapping, we were able to identify IgM and IgG dengue-specific epitopes which can be useful serological markers for dengue diagnosis and serostatus determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Falconi-Agapito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Virology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Karen Kerkhof
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Xiomara Merino
- Virology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Johan Michiels
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marjan Van Esbroeck
- Department of Clinical Sciences, National Reference Center for Arboviruses, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Koen Bartholomeeusen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michael Talledo
- Virology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Kevin K. Ariën
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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74
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Evolution, heterogeneity and global dispersal of cosmopolitan genotype of Dengue virus type 2. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13496. [PMID: 34188091 PMCID: PMC8241877 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92783-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) contributes substantially to the dengue burden and dengue-related mortality in the tropics and sub-tropics. DENV-2 includes six genotypes, among which cosmopolitan genotype is the most widespread. The present study investigated the evolution, intra-genotype heterogeneity and dispersal of cosmopolitan genotype to understand unique genetic characteristics that have shaped the molecular epidemiology and distribution of cosmopolitan lineages. The spatial analysis demonstrated a wide geo-distribution of cosmopolitan genotype through an extensive inter-continental network, anchored in Southeast Asia and Indian sub-continent. Intra-genotype analyses using 3367 envelope gene sequences revealed six distinct lineages within the cosmopolitan genotype, namely the Indian sub-continent lineage and five other lineages. Indian sub-continent lineage was the most diverged among six lineages and has almost reached the nucleotide divergence threshold of 6% within E gene to qualify as a separate genotype. Genome wide amino acid signatures and selection pressure analyses further suggested differences in evolutionary characteristics between the Indian sub-continent lineage and other lineages. The present study narrates a comprehensive genomic analysis of cosmopolitan genotype and presents notable genetic characteristics that occurred during its evolution and global expansion. Whether those characteristics conferred a fitness advantage to cosmopolitan genotype in different geographies warrant further investigations.
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75
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Tsheten T, Gray DJ, Clements ACA, Wangdi K. Epidemiology and challenges of dengue surveillance in the WHO South-East Asia Region. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2021; 115:583-599. [PMID: 33410916 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/traa158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue poses a significant health and economic burden in the WHO South-East Asia Region. Approaches for control need to be aligned with current knowledge on the epidemiology of dengue in the region. Such knowledge will ensure improved targeting of interventions to reduce dengue incidence and its socioeconomic impact. This review was undertaken to describe the contemporary epidemiology of dengue and critically analyse the existing surveillance strategies in the region. Over recent decades, dengue incidence has continued to increase with geographical expansion. The region has now become hyper-endemic for multiple dengue virus serotypes/genotypes. Every epidemic cycle was associated with a change of predominant serotype/genotype and this was often associated with severe disease with intense transmission. Classical larval indices are widely used in vector surveillance and adult mosquito samplings are not implemented as a part of routine surveillance. Further, there is a lack of integration of entomological and disease surveillance systems, often leading to inaction or delays in dengue prevention and control. Disease surveillance does not capture all cases, resulting in under-reporting, and has thus failed to adequately represent the true burden of disease in the region. Possible solutions include incorporating adult mosquito sampling into routine vector surveillance, the establishment of laboratory-based sentinel surveillance, integrated vector and dengue disease surveillance and climate-based early warning systems using available technologies like mobile apps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsheten Tsheten
- Department of Globa l Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.,Royal Centre for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Bhutan
| | - Darren J Gray
- Department of Globa l Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Archie C A Clements
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Kinley Wangdi
- Department of Globa l Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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76
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Pandian SRK, Panneerselvam T, Pavadai P, Govindaraj S, Ravishankar V, Palanisamy P, Sampath M, Sankaranarayanan M, Kunjiappan S. Nano Based Approach for the Treatment of Neglected Tropical Diseases. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2021.665274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) afflict more than one billion peoples in the world’s poorest countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recorded seventeen NTDs in its portfolio, mainly caused by bacterial, protozoal, parasitic, and viral infections. Each of the NTDs has its unique challenges on human health such as interventions for control, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Research for the development of new drug molecules against NTDs has not been undertaken by pharmaceutical industries due to high investment and low-returns, which results in limited chemotherapeutics in the market. In addition, conventional chemotherapies for the treatment of NTDs are unsatisfactory due to its low efficacy, increased drug resistance, short half-life, potential or harmful fatal toxic side effects, and drug incompetence to reach the site of parasite infection. In this context, active chemotherapies are considered to be re-formulated by overcoming these toxic side effects via a tissue-specific targeted drug delivery system. This review mainly emphasizes the recent developments of nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems for the effective treatment of NTDs especially sleeping sickness, leishmaniasis, chagas disease, soil-transmitted helminthiasis, african trypanosomiasis and dengue. Nanomaterials based drug delivery systems offer enhanced and effective alternative therapy through the re-formulation approach of conventional drugs into site-specific targeted delivery of drugs.
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77
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O'Connor O, Ou TP, Aubry F, Dabo S, Russet S, Girault D, In S, Minier M, Lequime S, Hoem T, Boyer S, Dussart P, Pocquet N, Burtet-Sarramegna V, Lambrechts L, Duong V, Dupont-Rouzeyrol M. Potential role of vector-mediated natural selection in dengue virus genotype/lineage replacements in two epidemiologically contrasted settings. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:1346-1357. [PMID: 34139961 PMCID: PMC8259877 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1944789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) evolutionary dynamics are characterized by frequent DENV genotype/lineage replacements, potentially associated with changes in disease severity and human immunity. New Caledonia (NC) and Cambodia, two contrasted epidemiological settings, respectively experienced a DENV-1 genotype IV to I replacement in 2012 and a DENV-1 genotype I lineage 3–4 replacement in 2005–2007, both followed by a massive dengue outbreak. However, their underlying evolutionary drivers have not been elucidated. Here, we tested the hypothesis that these genotype/lineage switches reflected a higher transmission fitness of the replacing DENV genotype/lineage in the mosquito vector using in vivo competition experiments. For this purpose, field-derived Aedes aegypti from NC and Cambodia were orally challenged with epidemiologically relevant pairs of four DENV-1 genotype I and IV strains from NC or four DENV-1 genotype I lineage 3 and 4 strains from Cambodia, respectively. The relative transmission fitness of each DENV-1 genotype/lineage was measured by quantitative RT–PCR for infection, dissemination, and transmission rates. Results showed a clear transmission fitness advantage of the replacing DENV-1 genotype I from NC within the vector. A similar but more subtle pattern was observed for the DENV-1 lineage 4 replacement in Cambodia. Our results support the hypothesis that vector-driven selection contributed to the DENV-1 genotype/lineage replacements in these two contrasted epidemiological settings, and reinforce the idea that natural selection taking place within the mosquito vector plays an important role in DENV short-term evolutionary dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia O'Connor
- Dengue and Arboviruses Research and Expertise Unit, Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Pasteur International Network, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Tey Putita Ou
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Fabien Aubry
- Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Dabo
- Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Russet
- Dengue and Arboviruses Research and Expertise Unit, Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Pasteur International Network, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Dominique Girault
- Dengue and Arboviruses Research and Expertise Unit, Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Pasteur International Network, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Saraden In
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Marine Minier
- Medical Entomology Research and Expertise Unit, Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Pasteur International Network, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Sebastian Lequime
- Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Thavry Hoem
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sébastien Boyer
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Philippe Dussart
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Nicolas Pocquet
- Medical Entomology Research and Expertise Unit, Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Pasteur International Network, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Valérie Burtet-Sarramegna
- Institute For Exact and Applied Sciences, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Louis Lambrechts
- Insect-Virus Interactions Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Veasna Duong
- Medical Entomology Research and Expertise Unit, Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Pasteur International Network, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol
- Dengue and Arboviruses Research and Expertise Unit, Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Pasteur International Network, Noumea, New Caledonia
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78
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Natali EN, Babrak LM, Miho E. Prospective Artificial Intelligence to Dissect the Dengue Immune Response and Discover Therapeutics. Front Immunol 2021; 12:574411. [PMID: 34211454 PMCID: PMC8239437 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.574411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) poses a serious threat to global health as the causative agent of dengue fever. The virus is endemic in more than 128 countries resulting in approximately 390 million infection cases each year. Currently, there is no approved therapeutic for treatment nor a fully efficacious vaccine. The development of therapeutics is confounded and hampered by the complexity of the immune response to DENV, in particular to sequential infection with different DENV serotypes (DENV1-5). Researchers have shown that the DENV envelope (E) antigen is primarily responsible for the interaction and subsequent invasion of host cells for all serotypes and can elicit neutralizing antibodies in humans. The advent of high-throughput sequencing and the rapid advancements in computational analysis of complex data, has provided tools for the deconvolution of the DENV immune response. Several types of complex statistical analyses, machine learning models and complex visualizations can be applied to begin answering questions about the B- and T-cell immune responses to multiple infections, antibody-dependent enhancement, identification of novel therapeutics and advance vaccine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriberto N. Natali
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Medical Informatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland FHNW, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Lmar M. Babrak
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Medical Informatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland FHNW, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Enkelejda Miho
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Medical Informatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland FHNW, Muttenz, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- aiNET GmbH, Basel, Switzerland
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79
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Novelo M, Audsley MD, McGraw EA. The effects of DENV serotype competition and co-infection on viral kinetics in Wolbachia-infected and uninfected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:314. [PMID: 34108021 PMCID: PMC8190863 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04816-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Aedes aegypti mosquito is responsible for the transmission of several medically important arthropod-borne viruses, including multiple serotypes of dengue virus (DENV-1, -2, -3, and -4). Competition within the mosquito between DENV serotypes can affect viral infection dynamics, modulating the transmission potential of the pathogen. Vector control remains the main method for limiting dengue fever. The insect endosymbiont Wolbachia pipientis is currently being trialed in field releases globally as a means of biological control because it reduces virus replication inside the mosquito. It is not clear how co-infection between DENV serotypes in the same mosquito might alter the pathogen-blocking phenotype elicited by Wolbachia in Ae. aegypti. METHODS Five- to 7-day-old female Ae. aegypti from two lines, namely, with (wMel) and without Wolbachia infection (WT), were fed virus-laden blood through an artificial membrane with either a mix of DENV-2 and DENV-3 or the same DENV serotypes singly. Mosquitoes were subsequently incubated inside environmental chambers and collected on the following days post-infection: 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, and 13. Midgut, carcass, and salivary glands were collected from each mosquito at each timepoint and individually analyzed to determine the percentage of DENV infection and viral RNA load via RT-qPCR. RESULTS We saw that for WT mosquitoes DENV-3 grew to higher viral RNA loads across multiple tissues when co-infected with DENV-2 than when it was in a mono-infection. Additionally, we saw a strong pathogen-blocking phenotype in wMel mosquitoes independent of co-infection status. CONCLUSION In this study, we demonstrated that the wMel mosquito line is capable of blocking DENV serotype co-infection in a systemic way across the mosquito body. Moreover, we showed that for WT mosquitoes, serotype co-infection can affect infection frequency in a tissue- and time-specific manner and that both viruses have the potential of being transmitted simultaneously. Our findings suggest that the long-term efficacy of Wolbachia pathogen blocking is not compromised by arthropod-borne virus co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Novelo
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Entomology, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - M D Audsley
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - E A McGraw
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Entomology, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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80
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Wu T, Wu Z, Li YP. Dengue fever and dengue virus in the People's Republic of China. Rev Med Virol 2021; 32:e2245. [PMID: 34235802 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Infection with dengue virus (DENV) leads to symptoms variable from dengue fever to severe dengue, which has posed a huge socioeconomic and disease burden to the world population, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. To date, four serotypes of DENV (DENV-1 to DENV-4) have been identified to sustain the transmission cycle in humans. In the past decades, dengue incidences have become more frequent, and four serotypes and various genotypes have been identified in PR China. Several large-scale dengue outbreaks and frequent local endemics occurred in the southern and coastal provinces, and the imported dengue cases accounted primarily for the initiation of the epidemics. No antiviral drug exists for dengue, and no vaccine has been approved to use in PR China, however strategies including public awareness, national reporting system of infectious diseases and public health emergencies, vector mosquito control, personal protection, and improved environmental sanitation have greatly reduced dengue prevalence. Some new technologies in vector mosquito control are emerging and being applied for dengue control. China's territory spans tropical, subtropical, and temperate climates, hence understanding the dengue status in China will be of beneficial for the global prevention and control of dengue. Here, we review the dengue status in PR China for the past decades and the strategies emerging for dengue control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Wu
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yet-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongdao Wu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yet-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yet-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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81
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Jácome FC, Caldas GC, Rasinhas ADC, de Almeida ALT, de Souza DDC, Paulino AC, Leonardo R, Barth OM, Dos Santos FB, Barreto-Vieira DF. Comparative analysis of liver involvement caused by two DENV-2 lineages using an immunocompetent murine model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9723. [PMID: 33958631 PMCID: PMC8102549 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88502-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue (DEN) is the most prevalent arbovirus among humans, and four billion people live at risk of infection. The clinical manifestations of DEN are variable, and the disease may present subclinically or asymptomatically. A quarter of patients develop classical dengue (CD) or severe dengue (SD), which is potentially lethal and involves vascular permeability changes, severe hemorrhage and organ damage. The involvement of the liver is a fairly common feature in DEN, and alterations range from asymptomatic elevation of transaminases to acute liver failure. Since its introduction in Brazil in 1990, two strains of Dengue virus (DENV) serotype 2 (DENV-2) have been detected: Lineage I, which is responsible for an outbreak in 1991, and Lineage II, which caused an epidemic greater than the previous one and had a different epidemiological profile. To date, studies on different strains of the same serotype/genotype and their association with disease severity are scarce. In addition, one of the greatest challenges regarding the study of DEN pathogenesis and the development of drug and vaccine therapies is the absence of an animal model that reproduces the disease as it occurs in humans. The main goals of this study were to assess BALB/c mouse susceptibility experimentally infected by two distinct DENV-2 strains and characterize possible differences in the clinical signs and alterations induced in the liver resulting from those infections. Mice infected by the two DENV-2 lineages gained less weight than uninfected mice; however, their livers were slightly heavier. Increased AST and AST levels were observed in infected mice, and the number of platelets increased in the first 72 h of infection and subsequently decreased. Mice infected with both lineages presented leukocytosis but at different times of infection. The histopathological changes induced by both lineages were similar and comparable to the changes observed in DEN fatal cases. The viral genome was detected in two liver samples. The results demonstrate the susceptibility of BALB/c mice to both DENV-2 lineages and suggest that the changes induced by those strains are similar, although for some parameters, they are manifested at different times of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Cunha Jácome
- Laboratory of Viral Morphology and Morphogenesis, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Cardoso Caldas
- Laboratory of Viral Morphology and Morphogenesis, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Arthur da Costa Rasinhas
- Laboratory of Viral Morphology and Morphogenesis, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Luisa Teixeira de Almeida
- Laboratory of Viral Morphology and Morphogenesis, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Daniel Dias Coutinho de Souza
- Laboratory of Viral Morphology and Morphogenesis, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Amanda Carlos Paulino
- Laboratory of Viral Morphology and Morphogenesis, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Raphael Leonardo
- Laboratory of Viral Morphology and Morphogenesis, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Ortrud Monika Barth
- Laboratory of Viral Morphology and Morphogenesis, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Flavia Barreto Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Débora Ferreira Barreto-Vieira
- Laboratory of Viral Morphology and Morphogenesis, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil
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82
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Sarker MMR, Khan F, Mohamed IN. Dengue Fever: Therapeutic Potential of Carica papaya L. Leaves. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:610912. [PMID: 33981215 PMCID: PMC8109180 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.610912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue, a very widespread mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by Aedes aegypti virus, has been occurring during the monsoons every year. The prevalence and incidence of dengue fever and death due to its complications have been increased drastically in these recent years in Bangladesh, Philippines, Thailand, Brazil, and India. Recently, dengue had spread in an epidemic form in Bangladesh, Thailand, and Philippines. Although the infection affected a large number of people around the world, there is no established specific and effective treatment by synthetic medicines. In this subcontinent, Malaysia could effectively control its incidences and death of patients using alternative medication treatment mainly prepared from Carica papaya L. leaves along with proper care and hospitalization. Papaya leaves, their juice or extract, as well as their different forms of preparation have long been used traditionally for treating dengue fever and its complications to save patients’ lives. Although it is recommended by traditional healers, and the general public use Papaya leaves juice or their other preparations in dengue fever, this treatment option is strictly denied by the physicians offering treatment in hospitals in Bangladesh as they do not believe in the effectiveness of papaya leaves, thus suggesting to patients that they should not use them. In Bangladesh, 1,01,354 dengue patients have been hospitalized, with 179 deaths in the year 2019 according to information from the Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control, and Research as well as the Directorate General of Health Services of Bangladesh. Most of the patients died because of the falling down of platelets to dangerous levels and hemorrhage or serious bleeding. Therefore, this paper aims to critically review the scientific basis and effectiveness of Carica papaya L. leaves in treating dengue fever based on preclinical and clinical reports. Thrombocytopenia is one of the major conditions that is typical in cases of dengue infection. Besides, the infection and impairment of immunity are concerned with dengue patients. This review summarizes all the scientific reports on Carica papaya L. for its ability on three aspects of dengue: antiviral activities, prevention of thrombocytopenia and improvement of immunity during dengue fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Moklesur Rahman Sarker
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Division, Health Med Science Research Limited, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Farzana Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Division, Health Med Science Research Limited, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Isa Naina Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (The National University of Malaysia), Cheras, Malaysia
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83
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Young KI, Buenemann M, Vasilakis N, Perera D, Hanley KA. Shifts in mosquito diversity and abundance along a gradient from oil palm plantations to conterminous forests in Borneo. Ecosphere 2021; 12. [PMID: 33996190 DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Deforestation precipitates spillover of enzootic, vector-borne viruses into humans, but specific mechanisms for this effect have rarely been investigated. Expansion of oil palm cultivation is a major driver of deforestation. Here, we demonstrate that mosquito abundance decreased over ten stepwise distances from interior forest into conterminous palm plantations in Borneo. Diversity in interior plantation narrowed to one species, Aedes albopictus, a potential bridge vector for spillover of multiple viruses. A. albopictus was equally abundant across all distances in forests, forest-plantation edge, and plantations, while A. niveus, a known vector of sylvatic dengue virus, was found only in forests. A. albopictus collections were significantly female-biased in plantation but not in edge or forest. Our data reveal that the likelihood of encountering any mosquito is greater in interior forest and edge than plantation, while the likelihood of encountering A. albopictus is equivalent across the gradient sampled from interior plantation to interior forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine I Young
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, 1780 E University Ave, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003 USA
| | - Michaela Buenemann
- Department of Geography, New Mexico State University, 1780 E University Ave, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003 USA
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Center of Tropical Diseases, and Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas 77555 USA
| | - David Perera
- Institute of Health and Community Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Jalan Datuk Mohammad Musa, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Kathryn A Hanley
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, 1780 E University Ave, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003 USA
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84
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Lin JJ, Chung PJ, Dai SS, Tsai WT, Lin YF, Kuo YP, Tsai KN, Chien CH, Tsai DJ, Wu MS, Shu PY, Yueh A, Chen HW, Chen CH, Yu GY. Aggressive organ penetration and high vector transmissibility of epidemic dengue virus-2 Cosmopolitan genotype in a transmission mouse model. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009480. [PMID: 33784371 PMCID: PMC8034735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) causes dengue fever and severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and is primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti and A. albopictus mosquitoes. The incidence of DENV infection has been gradually increasing in recent years due to global urbanization and international travel. Understanding the virulence determinants in host and vector transmissibility of emerging epidemic DENV will be critical to combat potential outbreaks. The DENV serotype 2 (DENV-2), which caused a widespread outbreak in Taiwan in 2015 (TW2015), is of the Cosmopolitan genotype and is phylogenetically related to the virus strain linked to another large outbreak in Indonesia in 2015. We found that the TW2015 virus was highly virulent in type I and type II interferon-deficient mice, with robust replication in spleen, lung, and intestine. The TW2015 virus also had high transmissibility to Aedes mosquitoes and could be effectively spread in a continuous mosquitoes-mouse-mosquitoes-mouse transmission cycle. By making 16681-based mutants carrying different segments of the TW2015 virus, we identified the structural pre-membrane (prM) and envelope (E) genes as key virulence determinants in the host, with involvement in the high transmissibility of the TW2015 virus in mosquitoes. The transmission mouse model will make a useful platform for evaluation of DENV with high epidemic potential and development of new strategies against dengue outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhe-Jhih Lin
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jung Chung
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Syong Dai
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Tsai
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Lin
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Kuo
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Nan Tsai
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Chien
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - De-Jiun Tsai
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Sian Wu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yun Shu
- Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan
| | - Andrew Yueh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Wei Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hong Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (C-HC); (G-YY)
| | - Guann-Yi Yu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (C-HC); (G-YY)
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85
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Jiang L, Lu C, Sun Q. Tree Shrew as a New Animal Model for the Study of Dengue Virus. Front Immunol 2021; 12:621164. [PMID: 33841402 PMCID: PMC8026886 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.621164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus is a significant public health threat worldwide; however, the pathogenesis of dengue disease remains poorly understood due to lack of appropriate small animal models. Tree shrews are an emerging experimental animal model for the study of human diseases due to their resemblance of genetic characteristics to primate animals. Herein we report that dengue infection in tree shrews elicits resemble clinical symptoms as in humans. Dengue fever (△2°C> normal body temperature) developed in ~22% healthy Chinese tree shrews from 2 through 33 days after infection with a low dose (1 ∗ 104 PFU/animal) of dengue virus serotype 2 or 3 intravenously or subcutaneously. The dengue genomic RNA and neutralizing antibodies were detected in ~78% of animals at days 7 and 15 post infection respectively. The serum levels of liver enzymes including aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were elevated with peaks at day 7 after infection. Modest thrombocytopenia and a slight decrease in the white blood cell count were observed. Intriguingly, although viral RNA was barely detectable in the liver by 48 days after infection, it was still evident in the brain. The intra-brain bleeding lesions in the intravenous infection group were more severe than those in the subcutaneous infection group. Our data demonstrate that primary dengue virus infection in tree shrews causes resemble clinical disease as in humans and thus tree shrews may be a suitable model for the study of dengue disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Jiang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China.,State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Caixia Lu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Qiangming Sun
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
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86
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Weaver SC, Forrester NL, Liu J, Vasilakis N. Population bottlenecks and founder effects: implications for mosquito-borne arboviral emergence. Nat Rev Microbiol 2021; 19:184-195. [PMID: 33432235 PMCID: PMC7798019 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-020-00482-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Transmission of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) involves infection and replication in both arthropod vectors and vertebrate hosts. Nearly all arboviruses are RNA viruses with high mutation frequencies, which leaves them vulnerable to genetic drift and fitness losses owing to population bottlenecks during vector infection, dissemination from the midgut to the salivary glands and transmission to the vertebrate host. However, despite these bottlenecks, they seem to avoid fitness declines that can result from Muller's ratchet. In addition, founder effects that occur during the geographic introductions of human-amplified arboviruses, including chikungunya virus and Zika virus, can affect epidemic and endemic circulation, as well as virulence. In this Review, we discuss the role of genetic drift following population bottlenecks and founder effects in arboviral evolution and spread, and the emergence of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Weaver
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | | | - Jianying Liu
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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87
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Amir M, Hussain A, Asif M, Ahmed S, Alam H, Moga MA, Cocuz ME, Marceanu L, Blidaru A. Full-Length Genome and Partial Viral Genes Phylogenetic and Geographical Analysis of Dengue Serotype 3 Isolates. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020323. [PMID: 33557307 PMCID: PMC7915001 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever is among the most common vector-borne diseases. Dengue virus (DENV), responsible for dengue fever as well as dengue hemorrhagic fever, belongs to the genus flavivirus and family Flaviviridae. Flaviviruses infect various vertebrate species and arthropods and are also responsible for diseases in birds, wild animals, and primates. DENV consists of a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome ~11 kb in size. Complete genome and partial gene sequences of geographically distinct DENV-3 strains were retrieved from the GenBank database. The evolutionary divergence of the 33 whole-genome and individual gene sequences of the nucleotides and amino acids of DENV-3 strains were generated with the maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian phylogenetic study (BEAST) methods using the MEGA 7 software. The genome size varied from 10,484 to 10,724 nucleotides among the strains with distinct geographical backgrounds belonging to Central America, South-Central Asia, and Eastern Asia. A phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of these DENV-3 isolates revealed extensive differences in the topologies due to PrM/M, NS1, NS2B, and NS3 genes. These results suggest substantial variation in the evolutionary pathways of the studied genes and genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Amir
- Department of Biotechnology, BUITEMS, Baluchistan University of Information & Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta 87300, Pakistan; (M.A.); (A.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Abrar Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, BUITEMS, Baluchistan University of Information & Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta 87300, Pakistan; (M.A.); (A.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Department of Biotechnology, BUITEMS, Baluchistan University of Information & Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta 87300, Pakistan; (M.A.); (A.H.); (M.A.)
- Office of Research Innovation and Commercialization, Baluchistan University of Information & Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Sagheer Ahmed
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Hina Alam
- Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | | | - Maria Elena Cocuz
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500019 Brasov, Romania;
- Correspondence: (M.E.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Luigi Marceanu
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500019 Brasov, Romania;
- Correspondence: (M.E.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Alexandru Blidaru
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
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88
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Adam A, Cuellar S, Wang T. Memory B cell and antibody responses to flavivirus infection and vaccination. Fac Rev 2021; 10:5. [PMID: 33659923 PMCID: PMC7894259 DOI: 10.12703/r/10-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses are a group of mosquito- or tick-borne single-stranded RNA viruses that can cause a wide range of clinical manifestations in humans and animals, including asymptomatic, flu-like febrile illness, hemorrhagic fever, encephalitis, birth defects, and death. Many of them have no licensed vaccines available for human use. Memory B cell development and induction of neutralizing antibody responses, which are important for the control of flavivirus infection and dissemination, have been used as biomarkers for vaccine efficacy. In this review, we will discuss recent findings on memory B cells and antibody responses from studies in clinical specimen and animal models of flavivirus infection and vaccination with a focus on several clinically important flaviviruses, including dengue, West Nile, yellow fever, and Zika viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awadalkareem Adam
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Servando Cuellar
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
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89
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Hernández-Aguilar I, Lorenzo C, Santos-Moreno A, Navarrete Gutiérrez D, Naranjo EJ. Current Knowledge and Ecological and Human Impact Variables Involved in the Distribution of the Dengue Virus by Bats in the Americas. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2021; 21:217-231. [PMID: 33439764 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2020.2696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever, caused by the dengue virus (DENV), is one of the most important reemerging viral diseases transmitted by arthropods worldwide. DENV is maintained in nature in two transmission cycles: urban and sylvatic. The latter has only been recorded in Africa and Asia and involves nonhuman primates as natural hosts, although it has been suggested that other mammals may play a secondary role as potential reservoir host, including bats. The objective of this article is to review the current state of knowledge about DENV-positive bats in the Americas and to determine what ecological and human impact variables could favor DENV infection in bats. We performed a search of published studies on natural and experimental DENV infection in bats. From 1952 to 2019, 14 studies have been carried out (71.4% in the last decade) examining DENV infection in bats in seven countries of the Americas. DENV infection was examined in 1884 bats of 63 species and DENV was detected in 19 of these species. Clench's model estimated that more than 75 species could be carriers of DENV; therefore, considering that at least 350 species of bats are distributed in the Americas, to detect 95% of the DENV-bearing species, it would be necessary to examine about 10,206 bats of ∼287 species that have not been analyzed until 2019. The species with the highest number of positive cases were Molossus sinaloae and Artibeus jamaicensis. Species, colony size, mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, human population size, and bat collection site (site inhabited by humans, vegetation cover, and caves) contributed to explain the variation in DENV detection in bats in the Americas. These results provide evidence on the exposure of bats to DENV in different geographic areas of the Americas and a bat sylvatic transmission cycle is very likely to be occurring, where bats may be either accidental hosts, dead-end hosts, or potential reservoir hosts for DENV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itandehui Hernández-Aguilar
- Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad. El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad San Cristóbal, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, México
| | - Consuelo Lorenzo
- Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad. El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad San Cristóbal, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, México
| | - Antonio Santos-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Ecología Animal, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Unidad Oaxaca, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, México
| | - Darío Navarrete Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Observación y Estudio de la Tierra, la Atmósfera y el Océano, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad San Cristóbal, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, México
| | - Eduardo J Naranjo
- Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad. El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad San Cristóbal, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, México
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90
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Bhatt P, Sabeena SP, Varma M, Arunkumar G. Current Understanding of the Pathogenesis of Dengue Virus Infection. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:17-32. [PMID: 33231723 PMCID: PMC7815537 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02284-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of dengue virus infection is attributed to complex interplay between virus, host genes and host immune response. Host factors such as antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), memory cross-reactive T cells, anti-DENV NS1 antibodies, autoimmunity as well as genetic factors are major determinants of disease susceptibility. NS1 protein and anti-DENV NS1 antibodies were believed to be responsible for pathogenesis of severe dengue. The cytokine response of cross-reactive CD4+ T cells might be altered by the sequential infection with different DENV serotypes, leading to further elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines contributing a detrimental immune response. Fcγ receptor-mediated antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) results in release of cytokines from immune cells leading to vascular endothelial cell dysfunction and increased vascular permeability. Genomic variation of dengue virus and subgenomic flavivirus RNA (sfRNA) suppressing host immune response are viral determinants of disease severity. Dengue infection can lead to the generation of autoantibodies against DENV NS1antigen, DENV prM, and E proteins, which can cross-react with several self-antigens such as plasminogen, integrin, and platelet cells. Apart from viral factors, several host genetic factors and gene polymorphisms also have a role to play in pathogenesis of DENV infection. This review article highlights the various factors responsible for the pathogenesis of dengue and also highlights the recent advances in the field related to biomarkers which can be used in future for predicting severe disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Bhatt
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | | | - Muralidhar Varma
- Dept of Infectious Diseases, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576101 India
| | - Govindakarnavar Arunkumar
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
- Present Address: WHO Country Office, Kathmandu, Nepal
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91
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Vector competence of Aedes aegypti from Havana, Cuba, for dengue virus type 1, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008941. [PMID: 33270652 PMCID: PMC7738162 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Like many countries from the Americas, Cuba is threatened by Aedes aegypti-associated arboviruses such as dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), and chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses. Curiously, when CHIKV was actively circulating in the region in 2013-2014, no autochthonous transmission of this virus was detected in Havana, Cuba, despite the importation of chikungunya cases into this city. To investigate if the transmission ability of local mosquito populations could explain this epidemiological scenario, we evaluated for the first time the vector competence of two Ae. aegypti populations (Pasteur and Párraga) collected from Havana for dengue virus type 1 (DENV-1), CHIKV, and ZIKV. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Mosquito populations were fed separately using blood containing ZIKV, DENV-1, or CHIKV. Infection, dissemination, and transmission rates, were estimated at 3 (exclusively for CHIKV), 7, and 14 days post exposure (dpe) for each Ae. aegypti population-virus combination. Both mosquito populations were susceptible to DENV-1 and ZIKV, with viral infection and dissemination rates ranging from 24-97% and 6-67% respectively. In addition, CHIKV disseminated in both populations and was subsequently transmitted. Transmission rates were low (<30%) regardless of the mosquito population/virus combination and no ZIKV was detected in saliva of females from the Pasteur population at any dpe. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our study demonstrated the ability of Ae. aegypti from Cuba to transmit DENV, ZIKV, and CHIKV. These results, along with the widespread distribution and high abundance of this species in the urban settings throughout the island, highlight the importance of Ae. aegypti control and arbovirus surveillance to prevent future outbreaks.
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92
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Valentine MJ, Ciraola B, Aliota MT, Vandenplas M, Marchi S, Tenebray B, Leparc-Goffart I, Gallagher CA, Beierschmitt A, Corey T, Dore KM, de Lamballerie X, Wang C, Murdock CC, Kelly PJ. No evidence for sylvatic cycles of chikungunya, dengue and Zika viruses in African green monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) on St. Kitts, West Indies. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:540. [PMID: 33126907 PMCID: PMC7598228 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04419-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses (DENV, CHIKV and ZIKV) are transmitted in sylvatic transmission cycles between non-human primates and forest (sylvan) mosquitoes in Africa and Asia. It remains unclear if sylvatic cycles exist or could establish themselves elsewhere and contribute to the epidemiology of these diseases. The Caribbean island of St. Kitts has a large African green monkey (AGM) (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) population and is therefore ideally suited to investigate sylvatic cycles. METHODS We tested 858 AGM sera by ELISA and PRNT for virus-specific antibodies and collected and identified 9704 potential arbovirus vector mosquitoes. Mosquitoes were homogenized in 513 pools for testing by viral isolation in cell culture and by multiplex RT-qPCR after RNA extraction to detect the presence of DENV, CHIKV and ZIKVs. DNA was extracted from 122 visibly blood-fed individual mosquitoes and a polymorphic region of the hydroxymethylbilane synthase gene (HMBS) was amplified by PCR to determine if mosquitoes had fed on AGMs or humans. RESULTS All of the AGMs were negative for DENV, CHIKV or ZIKV antibodies. However, one AGM did have evidence of an undifferentiated Flavivirus infection. Similarly, DENV, CHIKV and ZIKV were not detected in any of the mosquito pools by PCR or culture. AGMs were not the source of any of the mosquito blood meals. CONCLUSION Sylvatic cycles involving AGMs and DENV, CHIKV and ZIKV do not currently exist on St. Kitts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew John Valentine
- One Health Centre for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, West Farm, Basseterre, St. Kitts and Nevis
| | - Brenda Ciraola
- One Health Centre for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, West Farm, Basseterre, St. Kitts and Nevis
| | | | - Michel Vandenplas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, West Farm, Basseterre, St. Kitts and Nevis
| | - Silvia Marchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, West Farm, Basseterre, St. Kitts and Nevis
| | - Bernard Tenebray
- National Reference Laboratory for Arboviruses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France
- Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix Marseille Université, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Leparc-Goffart
- National Reference Laboratory for Arboviruses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France
- Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix Marseille Université, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Christa Ann Gallagher
- Center for Conservation Medicine and Ecosystem Health, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, West Farm, Basseterre, St. Kitts and Nevis
| | - Amy Beierschmitt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, West Farm, Basseterre, St. Kitts and Nevis
- Behavioral Science Foundation, Estridge Estate, Basseterre, St. Kitts and Nevis
| | - Tatiana Corey
- St. Kitts Biomedical Research Foundation, Bourryeau Estate, Christ Church Nichola Town, St. Kitts and Nevis
- Virscio, Inc, New Haven, CT USA
| | | | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix Marseille Université, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Chengming Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL USA
| | - Courtney Cuin Murdock
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
- Center for Tropical Emerging and Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
- Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - Patrick John Kelly
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, West Farm, Basseterre, St. Kitts and Nevis
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93
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Hitakarun A, Ramphan S, Wikan N, Smith DR. Analysis of the virus propagation profile of 14 dengue virus isolates in Aedes albopictus C6/36 cells. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:481. [PMID: 33046135 PMCID: PMC7552352 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05325-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mosquito transmitted RNA virus dengue virus (DENV) shows significant variation as a consequence of the lack of proofreading activity of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that synthesizes new virus genomes. How this variation affects DENV replication, and how this in turn impacts drug development remains largely unknown. Given the technical limitations in working with large numbers of isolates few studies have sought to investigate this area. This study used a panel of 14 DENV isolates of different serotypes and origins to determine how much virus replication in Aedes albopictus C6/36 cells was affected by DENV variability. RESULTS The results showed that there was considerable variation, with peak titers ranging from 6Log10 to 8Log10, and maximum titer being reached from day 3 to day 9 post infection. While strains from DENV 1 and 4 serotypes showed considerable uniformity, DENV 2 and 3 strains showed much greater variation. Overall, these results show that serotype specific strain variation can have a significant impact on DENV replication, suggesting that studies either investigating DENV pathogenesis or developing drug therapeutics should consider the contribution of DENV variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atitaya Hitakarun
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, 25/25 Phuttamonthon Sai 4, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Suwipa Ramphan
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, 25/25 Phuttamonthon Sai 4, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Nitwara Wikan
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, 25/25 Phuttamonthon Sai 4, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Duncan R Smith
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, 25/25 Phuttamonthon Sai 4, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
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94
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Del Valle-Mendoza J, Vasquez-Achaya F, Aguilar-Luis MA, Martins-Luna J, Bazán-Mayra J, Zavaleta-Gavidia V, Silva-Caso W, Carrillo-Ng H, Tarazona-Castro Y, Aquino-Ortega R, Del Valle LJ. Unidentified dengue serotypes in DENV positive samples and detection of other pathogens responsible for an acute febrile illness outbreak 2016 in Cajamarca, Peru. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:467. [PMID: 33023645 PMCID: PMC7541171 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05318-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To describe the prevalence of dengue virus serotypes, as well as other viral and bacterial pathogens that cause acute febrile illness during an outbreak in Cajamarca in 2016. Results Dengue virus (DENV) was the most frequent etiologic agent detected in 25.8% of samples (32/124), followed by Rickettsia spp. in 8.1% (10/124), Zika virus in 4.8% (6/124), Chikungunya virus 2.4% (3/124) and Bartonella bacilliformis 1.6% (2/124) cases. No positive cases were detected of Oropouche virus and Leptospira spp. DENV serotypes identification was only achieved in 23% of the total positive for DENV, two samples for DENV-2 and four samples for DENV-4. During the 2016 outbreak in Cajamarca—Peru, it was observed that in a large percentage of positive samples for DENV, the infecting serotype could not be determined by conventional detection assays. This represents a problem for the national surveillance system and for public health due to its epidemiological and clinical implications. Other viral and bacterial pathogens responsible for acute febrile syndrome were less frequently identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juana Del Valle-Mendoza
- School of Medicine, Research and Innovation Center of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Av. San Marcos cuadra 2, Chorrillos, Lima, Peru. .,Laboratorio de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru.
| | - Fernando Vasquez-Achaya
- School of Medicine, Research and Innovation Center of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Av. San Marcos cuadra 2, Chorrillos, Lima, Peru
| | - Miguel Angel Aguilar-Luis
- School of Medicine, Research and Innovation Center of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Av. San Marcos cuadra 2, Chorrillos, Lima, Peru.,Laboratorio de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru
| | - Johanna Martins-Luna
- School of Medicine, Research and Innovation Center of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Av. San Marcos cuadra 2, Chorrillos, Lima, Peru.,Laboratorio de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru
| | - Jorge Bazán-Mayra
- Laboratorio Regional de Cajamarca, Dirección Regional de Salud de Cajamarca (DIRESA), Cajamarca, Peru
| | - Victor Zavaleta-Gavidia
- Laboratorio Regional de Cajamarca, Dirección Regional de Salud de Cajamarca (DIRESA), Cajamarca, Peru
| | - Wilmer Silva-Caso
- School of Medicine, Research and Innovation Center of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Av. San Marcos cuadra 2, Chorrillos, Lima, Peru.,Laboratorio de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru
| | - Hugo Carrillo-Ng
- School of Medicine, Research and Innovation Center of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Av. San Marcos cuadra 2, Chorrillos, Lima, Peru.,Laboratorio de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru
| | - Yordi Tarazona-Castro
- Laboratorio de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru.,Escuela Profesional de Genética y Biotecnología. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Ronald Aquino-Ortega
- School of Medicine, Research and Innovation Center of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Av. San Marcos cuadra 2, Chorrillos, Lima, Peru.,Laboratorio de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru
| | - Luis J Del Valle
- Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Departament D'Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain.
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95
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Antigenic Variation of the Dengue Virus 2 Genotypes Impacts the Neutralization Activity of Human Antibodies in Vaccinees. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108226. [PMID: 33027653 PMCID: PMC7583086 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infects an estimated 390 million people each year worldwide. As tetravalent DENV vaccines have variable efficacy against DENV serotype 2 (DENV2), we evaluated the role of genetic diversity within the pre-membrane (prM) and envelope (E) proteins of DENV2 on vaccine performance. We generated a recombinant DENV2 genotype variant panel with contemporary prM and E isolates that are representative of global genetic diversity. The DENV2 genotype variants differ in growth kinetics, morphology, and virion stability. Importantly, the DENV2 genotypic variants are differentially neutralized by monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal serum neutralizing antibodies from DENV2-infected human subjects, and vaccine-elicited antibody responses from the TV003 NIH DENV2 monovalent and DENV tetravalent vaccines. We conclude that DENV2 prM and E genetic diversity significantly modulates antibody neutralization activity. These findings have important implications for dengue vaccines, which are being developed under the assumption that intraserotype variation has minimal impact on neutralizing antibodies. Martinez et al. demonstrate that dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV2) genetic variation modulates neutralizing antibody activity from infection and vaccination. This observation underlines that genotypic variation impacts dengue virus 2 evasion from humoral immunity, suggesting that intraserotype genotypic variation should be considered in designing dengue vaccines.
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96
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Calvez E, Pommelet V, Somlor S, Pompon J, Viengphouthong S, Bounmany P, Chindavong TA, Xaybounsou T, Prasayasith P, Keosenhom S, Brey PT, Telle O, Choisy M, Marcombe S, Grandadam M. Trends of the Dengue Serotype-4 Circulation with Epidemiological, Phylogenetic, and Entomological Insights in Lao PDR between 2015 and 2019. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9090728. [PMID: 32899416 PMCID: PMC7557816 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9090728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue outbreaks have regularly been recorded in Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR) since the first detection of the disease in 1979. In 2012, an integrated arbovirus surveillance network was set up in Lao PDR and an entomological surveillance has been implemented since 2016 in Vientiane Capital. Here, we report a study combining epidemiological, phylogenetic, and entomological analyzes during the largest DENV-4 epidemic ever recorded in Lao PDR (2015-2019). Strikingly, from 2015 to 2019, we reported the DENV-4 emergence and spread at the country level after two large epidemics predominated by DENV-3 and DENV-1, respectively, in 2012-2013 and 2015. Our data revealed a significant difference in the median age of the patient infected by DENV-4 compared to the other serotypes. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the circulation of DENV-4 Genotype I at the country level since at least 2013. The entomological surveillance showed a predominance of Aedesaegypti compared to Aedesalbopictus and high abundance of these vectors in dry and rainy seasons between 2016 and 2019, in Vientiane Capital. Overall, these results emphasized the importance of an integrated approach to evaluate factors, which could impact the circulation and the epidemiological profile of dengue viruses, especially in endemic countries like Lao PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Calvez
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Lao PDR, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (S.S.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (T.A.C.); (T.X.); (P.P.); (S.K.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Virginie Pommelet
- Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Lao PDR, Vientiane 01030, Laos;
| | - Somphavanh Somlor
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Lao PDR, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (S.S.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (T.A.C.); (T.X.); (P.P.); (S.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Julien Pompon
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore;
- MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Souksakhone Viengphouthong
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Lao PDR, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (S.S.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (T.A.C.); (T.X.); (P.P.); (S.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Phaithong Bounmany
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Lao PDR, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (S.S.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (T.A.C.); (T.X.); (P.P.); (S.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Thep Aksone Chindavong
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Lao PDR, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (S.S.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (T.A.C.); (T.X.); (P.P.); (S.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Thonglakhone Xaybounsou
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Lao PDR, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (S.S.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (T.A.C.); (T.X.); (P.P.); (S.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Phoyphaylinh Prasayasith
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Lao PDR, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (S.S.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (T.A.C.); (T.X.); (P.P.); (S.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Sitsana Keosenhom
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Lao PDR, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (S.S.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (T.A.C.); (T.X.); (P.P.); (S.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Paul T. Brey
- Medical Entomology and Vector Borne Disease Unit, Institut Pasteur du Lao PDR, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (P.T.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Olivier Telle
- Centre de Sciences Humaines (CHS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Delhi 110001, India;
- Center for Policy Research (CPR), Delhi 110001, India
| | - Marc Choisy
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK;
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Sébastien Marcombe
- Medical Entomology and Vector Borne Disease Unit, Institut Pasteur du Lao PDR, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (P.T.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Marc Grandadam
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Lao PDR, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (S.S.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (T.A.C.); (T.X.); (P.P.); (S.K.); (M.G.)
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
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97
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Dengue Virus Serotype 4 Is Responsible for the Outbreak of Dengue in East Java City of Jember, Indonesia. Viruses 2020; 12:v12090913. [PMID: 32825262 PMCID: PMC7551817 DOI: 10.3390/v12090913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of dengue virus (DENV) in Indonesia have been mainly caused by the DENV serotype-1; -2; or -3. The DENV-4 was the least-reported serotype in Indonesia during the last five decades. We recently conducted a molecular epidemiology study of dengue in the Jember regency, East Java province, Indonesia. Dengue is endemic in the region and outbreaks occur annually. We investigated the clinical characteristics and etiology of dengue-like febrile illness in this regency to understand the disease dynamics. A total of 191 patients with clinical symptoms similar to dengue were recruited during an 11-month study in 2019-2020. Children accounted for the majority of cases and dengue burden was estimated in 41.4% of the cases based on NS1 antigen, viral RNA, and IgG/IgM antibody detection with the majority (73.4%) being primary infections. Secondary infection was significantly associated with a higher risk of severe dengue manifestation. All four DENV serotypes were detected in Jember. Strikingly, we observed the predominance of DENV-4, followed by DENV-3, DENV-1, and DENV-2. Genotype determination using Envelope gene sequence revealed the classification into Genotype I, Cosmopolitan Genotype, Genotype I, and Genotype II for DENV-1, -2, -3, and -4, respectively. The predominance of DENV-4 in Jember may be associated with a new wave of DENV infections and spread in a non-immune population lacking a herd-immunity to this particular serotype.
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98
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Ekwudu O, Marquart L, Webb L, Lowry KS, Devine GJ, Hugo LE, Frentiu FD. Effect of Serotype and Strain Diversity on Dengue Virus Replication in Australian Mosquito Vectors. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9080668. [PMID: 32824792 PMCID: PMC7460537 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9080668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is the most important mosquito-borne viral pathogen of humans, comprising four serotypes (DENV-1 to -4) with a myriad of genotypes and strains. The kinetics of DENV replication within the mosquito following ingestion of a blood meal influence the pathogen’s ability to reach the salivary glands and thus the transmission potential. The influence of DENV serotype and strain diversity on virus kinetics in the two main vector species, Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, has been poorly characterized. We tested whether DENV replication kinetics vary systematically among serotypes and strains, using Australian strains of the two vectors. Mosquitoes were blood fed with two strains per serotype, and sampled at 3, 6, 10 and 14-days post-exposure. Virus infection in mosquito bodies, and dissemination of virus to legs and wings, was detected using qRT-PCR. For both vectors, we found significant differences among serotypes in proportions of mosquitoes infected, with higher numbers for DENV-1 and -2 versus other serotypes. Consistent with this, we observed that DENV-1 and -2 generally replicated to higher RNA levels than other serotypes, particularly at earlier time points. There were no significant differences in either speed of infection or dissemination between the mosquito species. Our results suggest that DENV diversity may have important epidemiological consequences by influencing virus kinetics in mosquito vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- O’mezie Ekwudu
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia; (O.E.); (K.S.L.)
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006, Australia; (G.J.D.); (L.E.H.)
- Department of Microbiology, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli 431124, Nigeria
| | - Louise Marquart
- Statistics Unit, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006, Australia; (L.M.); (L.W.)
- Clinical Malaria, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006, Australia
| | - Lachlan Webb
- Statistics Unit, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006, Australia; (L.M.); (L.W.)
| | - Kym S. Lowry
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia; (O.E.); (K.S.L.)
| | - Gregor J. Devine
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006, Australia; (G.J.D.); (L.E.H.)
| | - Leon E. Hugo
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006, Australia; (G.J.D.); (L.E.H.)
| | - Francesca D. Frentiu
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia; (O.E.); (K.S.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Queiroz JADS, Botelho-Souza LF, Nogueira-Lima FS, Rampazzo RDCP, Krieger MA, Zambenedetti MR, Marchini FK, Borghetti IA, Pereira DB, Salcedo JMV, Vieira DS, dos Santos ADO. Phylogenetic Characterization of Arboviruses in Patients Suffering from Acute Fever in Rondônia, Brazil. Viruses 2020; 12:v12080889. [PMID: 32823806 PMCID: PMC7472125 DOI: 10.3390/v12080889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to classify, through phylogenetic analyses, the main arboviruses that have been isolated in the metropolitan region of Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil. Serum samples from patients with symptoms suggesting arboviruses were collected and tested by One Step RT-qPCR for Zika, Dengue (serotypes 1–4), Chikungunya, Mayaro and Oropouche viruses. Positive samples were amplified by conventional PCR and sequenced utilizing the Sanger method. The obtained sequences were aligned, and an evolutionary analysis was carried out using Bayesian inference. A total of 308 samples were tested. Of this total, 20 had a detectable viral load for Dengue, being detected DENV1 (18/20), co-infection DENV1 and DENV2 (1/20) and DENV4 (1/20). For Dengue serotype 3 and for the CHIKV, ZIKV, MAYV and OROV viruses, no individuals with a detectable viral load were found. A total of 9 of these samples were magnified by conventional PCR for sequencing. Of these, 6 were successfully sequenced and, according to the evolutionary profile, 5 corresponded to serotype DENV-1 genotype V, and 1 to serotype DENV-4 genotype II. In the study, we demonstrate co-circulation of the DENV-1 genotype V and the DENV-4 genotype II. Co-circulation of several DENV serotypes in the same city poses a risk to the population and is correlated with the increase of the most severe forms of the disease. Similarly, co-circulation of genetically distinct DENV and the occurrence of simultaneous infections can affect recombination events and lead to the emergence of more virulent isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Alves da Silva Queiroz
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation of Rondônia—FIOCRUZ/RO, Porto Velho RO 76812 245, Rondônia, Brazil; (J.A.d.S.Q.); (L.F.B.-S.); (F.S.N.-L.); (J.M.V.S.); (D.S.V.)
- Postgraduate Program in Experimental Biology of Federal University of Rondônia—PGBIOEXP, Porto Velho RO 76801 059, Rondônia, Brazil
- National Institute of Epidemiology of Western Amazonia—INCT EpiAmO, Porto Velho RO 76812 245, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Luan Felipo Botelho-Souza
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation of Rondônia—FIOCRUZ/RO, Porto Velho RO 76812 245, Rondônia, Brazil; (J.A.d.S.Q.); (L.F.B.-S.); (F.S.N.-L.); (J.M.V.S.); (D.S.V.)
- National Institute of Epidemiology of Western Amazonia—INCT EpiAmO, Porto Velho RO 76812 245, Rondônia, Brazil
- Aparício Carvalho University Center, Porto Velho RO 76811-678, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Felipe Souza Nogueira-Lima
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation of Rondônia—FIOCRUZ/RO, Porto Velho RO 76812 245, Rondônia, Brazil; (J.A.d.S.Q.); (L.F.B.-S.); (F.S.N.-L.); (J.M.V.S.); (D.S.V.)
- Postgraduate Program in Experimental Biology of Federal University of Rondônia—PGBIOEXP, Porto Velho RO 76801 059, Rondônia, Brazil
- National Institute of Epidemiology of Western Amazonia—INCT EpiAmO, Porto Velho RO 76812 245, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Pontello Rampazzo
- Institute of Molecular Biology of Paraná -IBMP, Curitiba PR 81350-010, Rondônia, Brazil; (R.d.C.P.R.); (M.A.K.); (M.R.Z.); (F.K.M.); (I.A.B.)
| | - Marco Aurélio Krieger
- Institute of Molecular Biology of Paraná -IBMP, Curitiba PR 81350-010, Rondônia, Brazil; (R.d.C.P.R.); (M.A.K.); (M.R.Z.); (F.K.M.); (I.A.B.)
| | - Miriam Ribas Zambenedetti
- Institute of Molecular Biology of Paraná -IBMP, Curitiba PR 81350-010, Rondônia, Brazil; (R.d.C.P.R.); (M.A.K.); (M.R.Z.); (F.K.M.); (I.A.B.)
| | - Fabricio Klerinton Marchini
- Institute of Molecular Biology of Paraná -IBMP, Curitiba PR 81350-010, Rondônia, Brazil; (R.d.C.P.R.); (M.A.K.); (M.R.Z.); (F.K.M.); (I.A.B.)
| | - Ivo Alberto Borghetti
- Institute of Molecular Biology of Paraná -IBMP, Curitiba PR 81350-010, Rondônia, Brazil; (R.d.C.P.R.); (M.A.K.); (M.R.Z.); (F.K.M.); (I.A.B.)
| | - Dhelio Batista Pereira
- Tropical Medicine of Rondônia Center Research—CEPEM/RO, Porto Velho RO 76812 329, Rondônia, Brazil;
| | - Juan Miguel Vilalobos Salcedo
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation of Rondônia—FIOCRUZ/RO, Porto Velho RO 76812 245, Rondônia, Brazil; (J.A.d.S.Q.); (L.F.B.-S.); (F.S.N.-L.); (J.M.V.S.); (D.S.V.)
- National Institute of Epidemiology of Western Amazonia—INCT EpiAmO, Porto Velho RO 76812 245, Rondônia, Brazil
- Tropical Medicine of Rondônia Center Research—CEPEM/RO, Porto Velho RO 76812 329, Rondônia, Brazil;
| | - Deusilene Souza Vieira
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation of Rondônia—FIOCRUZ/RO, Porto Velho RO 76812 245, Rondônia, Brazil; (J.A.d.S.Q.); (L.F.B.-S.); (F.S.N.-L.); (J.M.V.S.); (D.S.V.)
- Postgraduate Program in Experimental Biology of Federal University of Rondônia—PGBIOEXP, Porto Velho RO 76801 059, Rondônia, Brazil
- National Institute of Epidemiology of Western Amazonia—INCT EpiAmO, Porto Velho RO 76812 245, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Alcione de Oliveira dos Santos
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation of Rondônia—FIOCRUZ/RO, Porto Velho RO 76812 245, Rondônia, Brazil; (J.A.d.S.Q.); (L.F.B.-S.); (F.S.N.-L.); (J.M.V.S.); (D.S.V.)
- National Institute of Epidemiology of Western Amazonia—INCT EpiAmO, Porto Velho RO 76812 245, Rondônia, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Calvez E, Somlor S, Viengphouthong S, Balière C, Bounmany P, Keosenhom S, Caro V, Grandadam M. Rapid genotyping protocol to improve dengue virus serotype 2 survey in Lao PDR. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237384. [PMID: 32764809 PMCID: PMC7413503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever is one of the major public health problems in Lao PDR. Over the last decade, dengue virus (DENV) epidemics were characterized by a novel predominant serotype accompanied by at least two other serotypes. Since 2008, DENV-2 circulated at a low level in Lao PDR but its epidemiologic profile changed at the end of 2018. Indeed, the number of confirmed DENV-2 cases suddenly increased in October 2018 and DENV-2 became predominant at the country level in early 2019. We developed a Genotype Screening Protocol (GSP) to determine the origin(s) of the Lao DENV-2 and study their genetic polymorphism. With a good correlation with full envelope gene sequencing data, this molecular epidemiology tool evidence the co-circulation of two highly polymorphic DENV-2 genotypes, i.e. Asian I and Cosmopolitan genotypes, over the last five years, suggesting multiple introductions of DENV-2 in the country. GSP approach provides relevant first line information that may help countries with limited laboratory resources to reinforce their capabilities to DENV-2 and to follow the epidemics progresses and assess situations at the regional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Calvez
- Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Somphavanh Somlor
- Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic
| | | | | | | | - Sitsana Keosenhom
- Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic
| | | | - Marc Grandadam
- Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
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