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Jouyban A, Farajzadeh MA, Nemati M, Alizadeh Nabil AA, Afshar Mogaddam MR. Preparation of ferrofluid from toner powder and deep eutectic solvent used in air-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction: Application in analysis of sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urine and saliva samples of tobacco smokers. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Dai Y, Liu R, Zhou Y, Li N, Hou L, Ma Q, Gao B. Fire Phoenix facilitates phytoremediation of PAH-Cd co-contaminated soil through promotion of beneficial rhizosphere bacterial communities. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 136:105421. [PMID: 31884414 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Pot experiments were conducted in a growth chamber to evaluate the phytoremediation efficiency and rhizosphere regulation mechanism of Fire Phoenix (a mixture of Festuca L.) in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-cadmium (PAH-Cd) co-contaminated soils. Plant biomass, removal rates of PAHs and Cd, soil enzyme activity, and soil bacterial community were determined. After 150 days of planting, the removal rates of the total 4 PAHs and Cd reached 64.57% and 40.93% in co-contaminated soils with low-PAH (104.79-144.87 mg·kg-1), and 68.29% and 25.40% in co-contaminated soils with high-PAH (169.17-197.44 mg·kg-1), respectively. The polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity decreased in soils having Fire Phoenix, while the dehydrogenase (DHO) activity increased as the changes of DHO activity had a strong positive correlation with the removal rates of PAHs and Cd in the low-PAH soils (r = 0.862 (P < 0.006) and 0.913 (P < 0.002), respectively). Meanwhile, successional changes in the bacterial communities were detected using high-throughput 454 Gs-FLX pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA, and these changes were especially apparent for the co-contaminated soils with the low PAH concentration. The Fire Phoenix could promote the growth of Mycobacterium, Dokdonella, Gordonia and Kaistobacter, which played important roles in PAHs degradation or Cd dissipation. These results indicated that Fire Phoenix could effectively motivate the soil enzyme and bacterial community and enhance the potential for phytoremediation of PAH-Cd co-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yuemei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liqun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Mojiri A, Zhou JL, Ohashi A, Ozaki N, Kindaichi T. Comprehensive review of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water sources, their effects and treatments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 696:133971. [PMID: 31470323 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are principally derived from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels. This study investigated the occurrence of PAHs in aquatic environments around the world, their effects on the environment and humans, and methods for their removal. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have a great negative impact on the humans and environment, and can even cause cancer in humans. Use of good methods and equipment are essential to monitoring PAHs, and GC/MS and HPLC are usually used for their analysis in aqueous solutions. In aquatic environments, the PAHs concentrations range widely from 0.03 ng/L (seawater; Southeastern Japan Sea, Japan) to 8,310,000 ng/L (Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plant, Siloam, South Africa). Moreover, bioaccumulation of ∑16PAHs in fish has been reported to range from 11.2 ng/L (Cynoscion guatucupa, South Africa) to 4207.5 ng/L (Saurida undosquamis, Egypt). Several biological, physical and chemical and biological techniques have been reported to treat water contaminated by PAHs, but adsorption and combined treatment methods have shown better removal performance, with some methods removing up to 99.99% of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mojiri
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8527, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - John L Zhou
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Akiyoshi Ohashi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8527, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Noriatsu Ozaki
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8527, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomonori Kindaichi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima 739-8527, Hiroshima, Japan
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Ranjbar Jafarabadi A, Dashtbozorg M, Mitra S, Riyahi Bakhtiari A, Mohamadjafari Dehkordi S, Cappello T. Historical sedimentary deposition and ecotoxicological impact of aromatic biomarkers in sediment cores from ten coral reefs of the Persian Gulf, Iran. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 696:133969. [PMID: 31454597 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study determines the levels, vertical distributions, source apportionment and ecological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in ten sediment cores of coral reef in the Persian Gulf, Iran, one of the important oil polluted marine areas in the world. The main purpose of this study was to determine the spatio-vertical distribution pattern of PAHs pollution at the four hot spot zones on the Gulf: dense industrial, medium industrial, urbanized and non-impacted zones over the past few years. Sediment quality and ecological risk were also assessed in order to determine the pollutants of concern. In detail, 23 parent (PPAHs) and 16 alkylated PAHs (APAHs), along with retene and perylene, were determined in sediment cores (0-40 cm depth). The vertical distribution of all PAHs showed a wide variation among sampling stations and depths, with a decreasing trend of concentration from surface to bottom, and a peak at 12 cm. Total concentrations of PPAHs and APAHs ranged from 35 to 1927 ng g-1 dw and 19 to 1794 ng g-1 dw respectively, with the highest concentrations at the industrial zone. The diagnostic ratio for PAHs and perylene (3 to 1277 ng g-1 dw) indicated mixed sources of PAHs, with dominance of petrogenic origins at the industrial zone and natural diagenetic inputs, respectively. The PAH concentration depicted a significant decreasing trend along the length of the core with an abrupt increase within the core length 12-20 cm. Temporal variations in contaminants can be linked to economic, coastal developments and industrial growth. Overall, the baseline data on geographical distribution, congener profiles, sources and vertical deposition of PAHs in the Persian Gulf area would be useful to establish proper monitoring plans for this sensitive ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ranjbar Jafarabadi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Dashtbozorg
- Young Researchers and Elites Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soumita Mitra
- Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, Calcutta, India
| | - Alireza Riyahi Bakhtiari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Shirin Mohamadjafari Dehkordi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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55
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Li X, Qu C, Bian Y, Gu C, Jiang X, Song Y. New insights into the responses of soil microorganisms to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon stress by combining enzyme activity and sequencing analysis with metabolomics. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113312. [PMID: 31610503 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), some of the most widespread organic contaminants, are highly toxic to soil microorganisms. Whether long-term polluted soils can still respond to the fresh input of pollutants is unknown. In this study, the soil enzyme activity, soil microbial community structure and function and microbial metabolism pathways were examined to systematically investigate the responses of soil microorganisms to fresh PAH stress. Microbial activity as determined by soil dehydrogenase and urease activity was inhibited upon microbe exposure to PAH stress. In addition, the soil microbial community and function were obviously shifted under PAH stress. Both microbial diversity and richness were decreased by PAH stress. Rhizobacter, Sphingobium, Mycobacterium, Massilia, Bacillus and Pseudarthrobacter were significantly affected by PAH stress and can be considered important indicators of PAH contamination in agricultural soils. Moreover, the majority of microbial metabolic function predicted to respond to PAH stress were affected adversely. Finally, soil metabolomics further revealed specific inhibition of soil metabolism pathways associated with fatty acids, carbohydrates and amino acids. Therefore, the soil metabolic composition distinctively changed, reflecting a change in the soil metabolism. In summary, fresh contaminant introduction into long-term polluted soils inhibited microbial activity and metabolism, which might profoundly affect the whole soil quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Li
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Changsheng Qu
- Jiangsu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Yongrong Bian
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Chenggang Gu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yang Song
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Suresh JR, Whitener G, Theumer G, Bröcher DJ, Bauer I, Massa W, Knölker H. Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Dimorphic Dibenzo[cde,opq]rubicene. Chemistry 2019; 25:13759-13765. [PMID: 31339614 PMCID: PMC6899531 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dibenzo[cde,opq]rubicene has been synthesized by an eight-step reaction sequence including an iron-mediated [2+2+1] cycloaddition and a flash vacuum pyrolysis as key steps. Two crystal modifications of the S-shaped, planar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon have been obtained and characterized by X-ray diffractometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joghee R. Suresh
- Fakultät ChemieTechnische Universität DresdenBergstrasse 6601069DresdenGermany
| | - Glenn Whitener
- Fakultät ChemieTechnische Universität DresdenBergstrasse 6601069DresdenGermany
| | - Gabriele Theumer
- Fakultät ChemieTechnische Universität DresdenBergstrasse 6601069DresdenGermany
| | - Dirk J. Bröcher
- Fakultät ChemieTechnische Universität DresdenBergstrasse 6601069DresdenGermany
| | - Ingmar Bauer
- Fakultät ChemieTechnische Universität DresdenBergstrasse 6601069DresdenGermany
| | - Werner Massa
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Strasse 435043MarburgGermany
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Qadeer A, Liu M, Yang J, Liu X, Khalil SK, Huang Y, Habibullah-Al-Mamun M, Gao D, Yang Y. Trophodynamics and parabolic behaviors of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in an urbanized lake food web, Shanghai. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 178:17-24. [PMID: 30986628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the trophic movement and trophic magnification factor (TMF) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is an important criterion to assess their fate and potential effects in an aquatic ecosystem. This study investigated concentrations and trophodynamics of 16 priority PAHs in food webwb (food web comprising whole bodies) and food webm (food web containing only muscles) of total 14 species ((including plankton, shrimp, whitebait, mussels, snails, red-eared terrapin and seven other fish species) from the Dianshan Lake. Values of δ13C and δ15N were determined to assign trophic levels to organisms. In general, there was no evidence of biomagnification because of biological degradation of PAHs compounds, but only 9 PAH compounds in food webm showed a statistically significant negative relationship between trophic level and lipid normalized concentration compared to the 6 PAHs congeners in food webwb. However, TMF values of PAHs in food webm ranged from 0.32 for pyrene to 0.68 for phenanthrene compared to TMF values of food webwb ranged from 0.34 for pyrene to 0.74 for fluorene. Because of two opposing scientific views for biomagnification and biodilution of PAHs in the food web, albeit based on a rather limited number of studies, our study investigated that there is parabolic behavior of most of the PAHs. Concentrations of PAHs in the red-eared terrapin (Trachemys scripta elegans) were biodiluted which showed that this species metabolises such compounds. There was no particular relationship between Kow and TMFs of PAHs in the Dianshan Lake. Hepatobiliary system (such as gall bladder and liver) in the whole body considered to have higher bioaccumulation potential of organic compounds than extrahepatic tissue (muscles).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Qadeer
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd., Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd., Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xinran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Saira Khan Khalil
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yanping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd., Shanghai, 200062, China
| | | | - Dengzhou Gao
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
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Rani M, Rachna, Shanker U. Mineralization of carcinogenic anthracene and phenanthrene by sunlight active bimetallic oxides nanocomposites. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 555:676-688. [PMID: 31416023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are causing environmental concerns due to their persistent nature and carcinogenicity. Hence, their removal through advanced nanomaterials with characteristics of low-cost and high efficiency is essential. In view of this, bimetallic oxides (BMOs) nanocomposites of NiO-ZnO, ZnCo2O4, MnCo2O4 and CoFe2O4 were synthesized via green route using leaf extract of Aegle marmelos. Subsequently, these BMOs were investigated for photocatalytic removal of selected PAHs like anthracene (ANTH) and phenanthrene (PHEN) from water. Nanospheres of NiO-ZnO, ZnCo2O4, and CoFe2O4 and nanosheets of MnCo2O4 with particle size range of 10-30 nm were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. At neutral pH, nanocomposites showed excellent ability in degrading 2 mg L-1 of PAHs (ANTH: 98%; PHEN: 93%) within 12 h under the exposure of sunlight. Among the synthesized BMOs, NiO-ZnO was found best followed by ZnCo2O4, MnCo2O4 and CoFe2O4. This fact is attributed to the highest surface area (129 m2 g-1) and particles stability (zeta potential: -30 eV) of NiO-ZnO. Photodegradation of PAHs by nanocomposites followed first order kinetics and fitted in Langmuir model for adsorption. Higher degradation under sunlight and lower removal efficiency with scavenger confirmed the photodegradation activity of nanocomposites. Overall, reusable (n = 10) nanocomposites with no loss of activity have high photocatalytic potential in the removal of carcinogenic PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manviri Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017, India
| | - Rachna
- Department of Chemistry, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab 144011, India
| | - Uma Shanker
- Department of Chemistry, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab 144011, India.
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Walter JM, Bagi A, Pampanin DM. Insights into the Potential of the Atlantic Cod Gut Microbiome as Biomarker of Oil Contamination in the Marine Environment. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7070209. [PMID: 31336609 PMCID: PMC6680985 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7070209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microorganisms are widespread in all environments, including in and on animal bodies. The gut microbiome has an essential influence on fish health, and is affected by several persistent and harmful organic and inorganic contaminants. Considering the shifts in gut microbiota composition observed in those studies, we hypothesized that certain microbial groups in the gut can serve as indicators of pollution. To test this hypothesis, we explored the possibility of identifying key microbial players that indicate environmental contamination. METHODS Published 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing data generated from the gut microbiota of Atlantic cod caught in geographically different Norwegian waters were used for bacterial diversity comparison. RESULTS Different microbiomes were identified between the northern Norway and southern Norway samples. Several bacterial genera previously identified as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degraders were present only in the samples collected in the southern Norway area, suggesting fish contamination with oil-related compounds. CONCLUSIONS The results contribute to the identification of bacterial taxa present in the Atlantic cod gut that indicate fish exposure to contaminants in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juline M Walter
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, NO-4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Andrea Bagi
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, 5008 Bergen, Norway
| | - Daniela M Pampanin
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, NO-4036 Stavanger, Norway.
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, 5008 Bergen, Norway.
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60
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Liu Y, Zarfl C, Basu NB, Cirpka OA. Turnover and legacy of sediment-associated PAH in a baseflow-dominated river. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 671:754-764. [PMID: 30939328 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) ubiquitously occur in rivers and threaten the aquatic ecosystem. Understanding their fate and behaviour in rivers can help in improving management strategies. We develop a particle-facilitated transport model considering suspended sediments with sorbed PAH from different origins to investigate the turnover and legacy of sediment-bound PAH in the baseflow-dominated Ammer River in southwest Germany. Our model identifies the contributions of dissolved and particle-bound PAH during wet and dry periods to the annual load. The analysis of in-stream processes enables investigating the average turnover times of sediments and attached PAH for the main stem of the river. The legacy of sediment-bound PAH is studied by running the model assuming a 50% reduction in PAH emissions after the introduction of environmental regulation in the 1970s. Our results show that sediment-bound and dissolved PAH account for 75% and 25% of the annual PAH load, respectively. PAH are mainly emitted from urban areas that contribute over 74% to the total load. In steep reaches, the turnover times of sediments and attached PAH are similar, whereas they differ by 1-2 orders of magnitude in reaches with very mild slopes. Flow rates significantly affect PAH fluxes between the mobile water and the riverbed over the entire river. Total PAH fluxes from the river bed to the mobile water are simulated to occur when the discharge is larger than 5 m3s -1. River segments with large sediment storage show a potential of PAH legacy, which may have caused a PAH release over 10-20 years after the implementation of environmental regulation. This study is useful for assessing environmental impacts of PAH in rivers (e.g., their contribution to the river-water toxicity) and exemplifies that the longitudinal distribution, turnover, and legacy potential of PAH in a river system require a mechanistic understanding of river hydraulics and sediment transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Friedrichstraße 39, 79098 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Zarfl
- Center for Applied Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nandita B Basu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Olaf A Cirpka
- Center for Applied Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
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Petousi I, Daskalakis G, Fountoulakis MS, Lydakis D, Fletcher L, Stentiford EI, Manios T. Effects of treated wastewater irrigation on the establishment of young grapevines. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 658:485-492. [PMID: 30579205 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Irrigation with treated wastewater could produce excessive accumulations within the plant and soil, negatively affecting the yield and production quality. In addition, the presence of biological and chemical contaminants could harm the agricultural environment, as well as the health of farmers and consumers. During this work, the suitability of secondary and tertiary treated wastewater for use in young grapevines was evaluated by studying the effect of the wastewater irrigation on the soil-plant system, crop yield, fruit quality and the presence of inorganic chemical contamination (salts, elements and heavy metals), organic chemical contamination (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and microbial contamination (E. coli, total coliforms). The results show that tertiary treated wastewater had positive impact on plant growth and yield while secondary treated wastewater had negative impact on fruit safety in comparison with tap water. Sodium levels in soils irrigated with treated wastewater increased at the end of the irrigation period while decreased during the wet season. The total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in the soils ranged from 363 μg/kg to 374 μg/kg at the end of the experiment for all irrigation treatments applied. The use of tertiary treated wastewater was recommended for the irrigation of young grapevines as an alternative water source secured protection of environment, plant health and fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Petousi
- Department of Agriculture, Technological Educational Institute of Crete, Estavromenos, 71410 Heraklion, Greece; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, UK.
| | - G Daskalakis
- Department of Agriculture, Technological Educational Institute of Crete, Estavromenos, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
| | - M S Fountoulakis
- Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, University Hill 81100, Mytilene, Greece
| | - D Lydakis
- Department of Agriculture, Technological Educational Institute of Crete, Estavromenos, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
| | - L Fletcher
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, UK
| | - E I Stentiford
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, UK
| | - T Manios
- Department of Agriculture, Technological Educational Institute of Crete, Estavromenos, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
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Reis PA, Salgado MA, Vasconcelos V. Pollicipes pollicipes as a Biomonitor of PAHs Contamination in Seawaters of the Northwest Coast of Portugal. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2017.1296873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A. Reis
- CIMAR/CIIMAR – Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Maria Antónia Salgado
- CIMAR/CIIMAR – Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
- ICBAS – Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- CIMAR/CIIMAR – Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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63
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Sushkova S, Minkina T, Deryabkina I, Rajput V, Antonenko E, Nazarenko O, Yadav BK, Hakki E, Mohan D. Environmental pollution of soil with PAHs in energy producing plants zone. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 655:232-241. [PMID: 30471591 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widely distributed environmental toxicants primarily formed during the incomplete combustion of organic materials (for example, coal, oil, gasoline and wood). Power energy plants are the main sources of organic contaminants including PAHs. The purpose of the present research was to study the Novocherkassk Electric Power Station (NEPS) emission effects of PAHs accumulation in soils. The regional levels, types (groups) and spatial distribution of 16 priority PAHs were investigated. The monitoring sites were located on fallow lands of the 20 km around NEPS. PAHs extraction from collected soil samples was performed using the ecologically clean express-method of subcritical water extraction. The total PAHs content gradually increased in soil of the studied territories during 2016-2017 due to an increase in contaminants emission. Accordingly 16 priority PAHs were determined in the soil samples collected from the sites located to the northwest from NEPS in direction of predominant winds. The 5-km zone situated in direction of predominant winds was highly subjected to PAHs contamination, with maximal accumulation at a distance of 1.6 km from the source. The ratio of high- and low-molecular weight PAHs content in soils of monitoring sites was taken as an index of environmental soil contamination. The high-molecular weight PAHs concentration prevailed in monitoring sites soils situated in direction of predominant winds from NEPS, while the concentration of low-molecular weight PAHs prevailed in the monitoring sites soils situated around NEPS. Soil properties also influenced PAHs accumulation. Polyarenes content in Haplic Chernozems and Haplic Chernozems (Stagnic) was higher versus Fluvisols. This study provides the understanding and model the fate of PAHs in regional technogenic landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Olga Nazarenko
- Federal State Budgetary Institution of the Central Agrochemical Service "Rostovskyi", ROSTOV Region, Rassvet Village, Russia
| | | | | | - Dinesh Mohan
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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64
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Shen Y, Li J, Gu R, Zhan X, Xing B. Proteomic analysis for phenanthrene-elicited wheat chloroplast deformation. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 123:273-281. [PMID: 30553200 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The exposure of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can cause wheat leaf chlorosis. Thus, we hypothesize that chloroplast inner structure damage is the reason for leaf chlorosis. This study was conducted with the wheat seedlings exposed to Hoagland nutrient solution containing 1.0 mg L-1 phenanthrene for 9 days. Subcellular observation showed that chloroplast turns round and loses its structural integrity. Herein, iTRAQ (isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification) was applied to analyze the changes of protein profile in chloroplast exposed to phenanthrene. A total of 517 proteins are identified, 261 of which are up-regulated. Eight proteins related with thylakoid (the structural component of chloroplast) are down-regulated and the expression of related genes further confirms the proteomic results through real-time PCR under phenanthrene treatment, suggesting that the thylakoid destruction is the reason for chloroplast deformation. Four proteins related with envelope and stroma are up-regulated, and this is the reason why chloroplast remains round. This study is useful in discussing the carcinogenic and teratogenic effects of PAHs in plant cells in the environment, and provides necessary knowledge for improving crop resistance to PAH pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Jinfeng Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Ruochen Gu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Xinhua Zhan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China.
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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65
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Minkina T, Sushkova S, Konstantinova E, Kumar Yadav B, Mandzhieva S, Konstantinov A, Khoroshavin V, Nazarenko O, Antonenko E. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban Soils Within the Different Land Use: A Case Study of Tyumen, Russia. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2018.1540997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Minkina
- Southern Federal University, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana Sushkova
- Southern Federal University, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | | | | | - Saglara Mandzhieva
- University of Tyumen, Institute of Earth Sciences, Tyumen, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandr Konstantinov
- Tyumen Industrial University, Scientific Research Center “Oil and Gas Geology”, Tyumen, Russian Federation
| | - Vitaliy Khoroshavin
- University of Tyumen, Institute of Earth Sciences, Tyumen, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Nazarenko
- The Federal State Budgetary Establishment, The State Center of Agrochemical Service ‘Rostovsky’, Rostov Region, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Antonenko
- Southern Federal University, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
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66
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Gao Y, Ji H. Characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons components in fine particle during heavy polluting phase of each season in urban Beijing. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 212:346-357. [PMID: 30145426 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Beijing experienced a period of severe atmospheric particulate pollution from 2015 to 2016. In order to acquire the characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) under heavy polluting status, one year sampling campaign was carried out. We selected PM2.5 samples which had the highest concentrations or suffered serious haze-fog weathers in each month. Through the analysis of data from heavily polluting phase, the mean concentrations of PM2.5 and PAHs in winter (369.63 μg m-3 and 223.60 ng m-3) were obviously higher than that in other seasons. The concentration of Σ16PAHs ranged from 3.22 to 297.01 ng m-3, with a mean value of 77.48 ng m-3. In winter, 4-ring PAH congeners (52.33%) contributed the most in PM2.5, followed by 5-rings (27.05%), 6-rings (11.55%) and 2∼3-rings (9.06%). Summertime measurements showed the highest decline in PAHs concentrations for 3∼5-ring congeners. The diagnostic ratios and PCA analysis manifest that vehicle and combustion emission were major sources and totally occupied 88.57% under heavy polluting stage. Moreover, exponential relationship between LWM/HWM (light/high weight molecule-PAHs) and combustion-derived PAHs, as well as linear relationship between BghiP and ∑PAHs verified that the pollution sources mentioned above affected local atmosphere environment as major sources. The highest total BaP equivalent concentration suggested that toxicity potency under heavy polluting phase was mainly attributed to 5-ring PAHs. Through analysis of carcinogenic-PAHs, potency risk to adults was significantly higher than that to children. BaP, BbF and DahA, which belong to 5-ring congeners, contributed the highest potency carcinogenic risk. BbF in winter, BaP in spring and winter may cause potential risk to local residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hongbing Ji
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and GIS, College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing 100083, China.
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67
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He C, Li Y, Huang C, Chen F, Ma Y. Genome Sequence and Metabolic Analysis of a Fluoranthene-Degrading Strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa DN1. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2595. [PMID: 30429835 PMCID: PMC6220107 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa DN1, isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil, showed excellent degradation ability toward diverse polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Many studies have been done to improve its degradation ability. However, the molecular mechanisms of PAHs degradation in DN1 strain are unclear. In this study, the whole genome of DN1 strain was sequenced and analyzed. Its genome contains 6,641,902 bp and encodes 6,684 putative open reading frames (ORFs), which has the largest genome in almost all the comparative Pseudomonas strains. Results of gene annotation showed that this strain harbored over 100 candidate genes involved in PAHs degradation, including those encoding 25 dioxygenases, four ring-hydroxylating dioxygenases, five ring-cleaving dioxygenases, and various catabolic enzymes, transcriptional regulators, and transporters in the degradation pathways. In addition, gene knockout experiments revealed that the disruption of some key PAHs degradation genes in DN1 strain, such as catA, pcaG, pcaH, and rhdA, did not completely inhibit fluoranthene degradation, even though their degradative rate reduced to some extent. Three intermediate metabolites, including 9-hydroxyfluorene, 1-acenaphthenone, and 1, 8-naphthalic anhydride, were identified as the dominating intermediates in presence of 50 μg/mL fluoranthene as the sole carbon source according to gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis. Taken together, the genomic and metabolic analysis indicated that the fluoranthene degradation by DN1 strain was initiated by dioxygenation at the C-1, 2-, C-2, 3-, and C-7, 8- positions. These results provide new insights into the genomic plasticity and environmental adaptation of DN1 strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqiu He
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanpeng Li
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fulin Chen
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanling Ma
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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68
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Peez T, Luy JN, Harms K, Tonner R, Koert U. From Acenaphthenes to (+)-Delavatine A: Visible-Light-Induced Ring Closure of Methyl (α-Naphthyl) Acrylates. Chemistry 2018; 24:17686-17690. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Theodor Peez
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Jan-Niclas Luy
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Klaus Harms
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Ralf Tonner
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Ulrich Koert
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany
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69
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Behera BK, Das A, Sarkar DJ, Weerathunge P, Parida PK, Das BK, Thavamani P, Ramanathan R, Bansal V. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in inland aquatic ecosystems: Perils and remedies through biosensors and bioremediation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 241:212-233. [PMID: 29807281 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the most ubiquitous environmental pollutants of high global concern. PAHs belong to a diverse family of hydrocarbons with over one hundred compounds known, each containing at least two aromatic rings in their structure. Due to hydrophobic nature, PAHs tend to accumulate in the aquatic sediments, leading to bioaccumulation and elevated concentrations over time. In addition to their well-manifested mutagenic and carcinogenic effects in humans, they pose severe detrimental effects to aquatic life. The high eco-toxicity of PAHs has attracted a number of reviews, each dealing specifically with individual aspects of this global pollutant. However, efficient management of PAHs warrants a holistic approach that combines a thorough understanding of their physico-chemical properties, modes of environmental distribution and bioaccumulation, efficient detection, and bioremediation strategies. Currently, there is a lack of a comprehensive study that amalgamates all these aspects together. The current review, for the first time, overcomes this constraint, through providing a high level comprehensive understanding of the complexities faced during PAH management, while also recommending future directions through potentially viable solutions. Importantly, effective management of PAHs strongly relies upon reliable detection tools, which are currently non-existent, or at the very best inefficient, and therefore have a strong prospect of future development. Notably, the currently available biosensor technologies for PAH monitoring have not so far been compiled together, and therefore a significant focus of this article is on biosensor technologies that are critical for timely detection and efficient management of PAHs. This review is focussed on inland aquatic ecosystems with an emphasis on fish biodiversity, as fish remains a major source of food and livelihood for a large proportion of the global population. This thought provoking study is likely to instigate new collaborative approaches for protecting aquatic biodiversity from PAHs-induced eco-toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijay Kumar Behera
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700120, India; Ian Potter NanoBioSensing Facility, NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Abhishek Das
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700120, India
| | - Dhruba Jyoti Sarkar
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700120, India
| | - Pabudi Weerathunge
- Ian Potter NanoBioSensing Facility, NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Pranaya Kumar Parida
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700120, India
| | - Basanta Kumar Das
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700120, India
| | - Palanisami Thavamani
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Rajesh Ramanathan
- Ian Potter NanoBioSensing Facility, NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Vipul Bansal
- Ian Potter NanoBioSensing Facility, NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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70
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Dutta K, Shityakov S, Khalifa I, Mal A, Moulik SP, Panda AK, Ghosh C. Effects of secondary carbon supplement on biofilm-mediated biodegradation of naphthalene by mutated naphthalene 1, 2-dioxygenase encoded by Pseudomonas putida strain KD9. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 357:187-197. [PMID: 29886364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) belong to a diverse group of environmental pollutants distributed ubiquitously in the environment. The carcinogenic properties of PAHs are the main causes of harm to human health. The green technology, biodegradation have become convenient options to address the environmental pollution. In this study, we analyzed the biodegradation potential of naphthalene with secondary carbon supplements (SCSs) in carbon deficient media (CSM) by Pseudomonas putida strain KD9 isolated from oil refinerary waste. The rigid-flexible molecular docking method revealed that the mutated naphthalene 1,2-dioxygenase had lower affinity for naphthalene than that found in wild type strain. Moreover, analytical methods (HPLC, qRT-PCR) and soft agar chemotaxis suggest sucrose (0.5 wt%) to be the best chemo-attractant and it unequivocally caused enhanced biodegradation of naphthalene (500 mg L-1) in both biofilm-mediated and shake-flask biodegradation methods. In addition, the morphological analysis detected from microscopy clearly showed KD9 to change its size and shape (rod to pointed) during biodegradation of naphthalene in CSM as sole source of carbon and energy. The forward versus side light scatter plot of the singlet cells obtained from flow cytometry suggests smaller cell size in CSM and lower florescence intensity of the total DNA content of cells. This study concludes that sucrose may be used as potential bio-stimulation agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Dutta
- Microbiology and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore-721102, West Bengal, India; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore-721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Sergey Shityakov
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, University of Würzburg-97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Khalifa
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, 13736, Moshtohor, Benha University, Egypt; College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan-430070, China
| | - Arpan Mal
- Center for Surface Science, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Satya Priya Moulik
- Center for Surface Science, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Amiya Kumar Panda
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore-721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Chandradipa Ghosh
- Microbiology and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore-721102, West Bengal, India.
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71
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Sushkova S, Deryabkina I, Antonenko E, Kizilkaya R, Rajput V, Vasilyeva G. Benzo[a]pyrene degradation and bioaccumulation in soil-plant system under artificial contamination. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 633:1386-1391. [PMID: 29758891 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) one of the most toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the soil-plant system causes its potential carcinogenicity and mutagenicity for human health. The aim of this article is benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) degradation and bioaccumulation in soil-plant system under artificial contamination in model experiment with Haplic Chernozem and that spiked with various doses of BaP (20, 200, 400 and 800μgkg-1) equivalent to 1, 10, 20 and 40 levels of maximal permissible concentrations (MPC) planted with spring barley (Hordeum sativum distichum). The experimental soil samples were planted every spring and incubated outdoor during 4years. The express-method of subcritical water extraction was used for BaP extraction from samples. It was established the values of BaP period of semi-degradation in soil (T50, y) contaminated with 10, 20 and 40MPC deviated from 1.4 to 1.8years, while these values in low contaminated soils deviated from 2.9 to 5.4years. It was found the BaP concentrations in plants depended on initial BaP contamination and reduced simultaneously with diminish of BaP concentration in the related spiked samples. Growing of spring barley in the BaP spiked soils lead to BaP accumulation in plants. The bioaccumulation factors for BaP in roots and vegetative part of barley plants (BAFr and BAFv respectively) fluctuated within 0.035-0.065 and 0.015-0.025 respectively at the 1st season and then reduced about twice to the 4th season. Meantime those values in control soils vice-versa increased twice from 0.03 and 0.01 respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Vishnu Rajput
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344006, Russia
| | - Galina Vasilyeva
- Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
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72
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Krzebietke SJ, Wierzbowska J, Żarczyński PJ, Sienkiewicz S, Bosiacki M, Markuszewski B, Nogalska A, Mackiewicz-Walec E. Content of PAHs in soil of a hazel orchard depending on the method of weed control. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:422. [PMID: 29938350 PMCID: PMC6018592 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6812-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
PAHs belong to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) found in the natural environment. They eventually accumulate in the highest quantities in soil. The purpose of this study has been to determine quantities of PAHs in soil depending on the method applied to control weeds in rows of a 4-year plantation of hazel (mulch fabric, bark chips, sawdust, manure compost, bare fallow, chemical fallow, grass sward). The highest concentration of PAHs (16 PAHs) was found in soil kept as bare fallow. The second most abundant concentration of these compounds was determined in soil under grass sward, followed by soil under sawdust, chemical fallow, and fabric. Less of these compounds accumulated in soil mulched with bark chips. The best method for protection of orchard soil against the accumulation of unwanted and toxic PAHs was mulching with manure compost. In most cases, lower concentrations of PAHs (total 16) were found in the subsoil (30-60 cm) than in the topmost soil layer, except the soil covered with mulch fabric, where fourfold more PAHs accumulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Krzebietke
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - J Wierzbowska
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - P J Żarczyński
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - S Sienkiewicz
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - M Bosiacki
- Department of Horticultural Plant Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Science, Poznań, Poland
| | - B Markuszewski
- Department of Horticulture, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - A Nogalska
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - E Mackiewicz-Walec
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
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73
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Dores-Silva PR, Cotta JAO, Landgraf MD, Rezende MOO. Soils impacted by PAHs: Would the stabilized organic matter be a green tool for the immobilization of these noxious compounds? JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2018; 53:313-318. [PMID: 29431582 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2018.1431461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the role of stabilized organic matter (vermicompost) and tropical soils in the sorption of naphthalene, anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene. The results obtained for the three compounds were extrapolated for the priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollutants according to Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). To evaluate the sorption process, high performance liquid chromatography was employed and the data was fitted by Freundlich isotherms. The results suggest that the sorption effect generally increases with the number of benzene rings of the PAHs, and that the persistence of PAHs in the environment is possibly related to the number of benzene rings in the PAH molecule. In addition, the pH of the vermicompost can strongly affect the adsorption process in this matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo R Dores-Silva
- a Department of Chemistry and Molecular Physics , São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo , São Carlos , São Paulo , Brazil
- b Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , California , USA
| | - Jussara A O Cotta
- c Department of Natural Resources, Environmental Sciences and Technology , College of Engineering, State University of Minas Gerais , João Monlevade , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Maria D Landgraf
- a Department of Chemistry and Molecular Physics , São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo , São Carlos , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Maria O O Rezende
- a Department of Chemistry and Molecular Physics , São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo , São Carlos , São Paulo , Brazil
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74
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Marquès M, Cervelló D, Mari M, Sierra J, Schuhmacher M, Domingo JL, Nadal M. The Role of Iron Oxide on the Photodegradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Characterization and Toxicity. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2018.1458743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Montse Marquès
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Daniel Cervelló
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Montse Mari
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Sierra
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
- wLaboratory of Soil Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José L. Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Martí Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain
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Hu R, Liu G, Zhang H, Xue H, Wang X, Wang R. Particle-Associated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Atmosphere of Hefei, China: Levels, Characterizations and Health Risks. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 74:442-451. [PMID: 29080016 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-017-0472-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Airborne PM2.5 and PM10 samples were collected in summertime (August 2015) and wintertime (December 2015-January 2016) in an industrial complex area in Hefei, China. The average concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 (90.5 and 114.5 μg/m3, respectively) were higher than the regulated levels of China National Ambient Air Quality Standard (grade I) and the WHO Ambient (outdoor) Air Quality and Health Guideline Value. Seasonal variations in PM2.5/PM10 indicated that the secondary sources of particulate matters, formed by gas-to-particle conversion, were enhanced in summer due to longer time of solar radiation and higher temperature. The total concentrations of PM2.5- and PM10-associated PAHs were 5.89 and 17.70 ng/m3 in summer as well as 63.41 and 78.26 ng/m3 in winter, respectively. Both PM2.5- and PM10-associated PAHs were dominated by 4- to 6-ring PAHs, suggesting that the fossil fuel combustion and vehicle emissions were the primary sources of PAHs in atmospheric particulate matters in Hefei. The total concentration of PAHs had a slightly higher correlation coefficient with PM2.5 (R = 0.499, P < 0.05) than PM10 (R = 0.431, P > 0.05), indicating the higher association tendency of PAHs with PM2.5. The coefficient of divergence analysis showed that the compositions of PAH were quite different between summer and winter. Total BaP equivalent concentration (BaP-TEQ) for particulate-bound PAHs in winter (58.87 ng/m3) was higher than that in summer (5.53 ng/m3). In addition, particulate-bound PAHs in winter had an inhalation cancer risk (ICR) value of 2.8 × 10-3, which was higher than the safe range (10-4-10-6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710075, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710075, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
- Anhui Academy of Environmental Science, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Huaqin Xue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Xin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Ruwei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
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76
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Idowu I, Francisco O, Thomas PJ, Johnson W, Marvin C, Stetefeld J, Tomy GT. Validation of a simultaneous method for determining polycyclic aromatic compounds and alkylated isomers in biota. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:277-287. [PMID: 29178235 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE There is a need for a validated method to improve detection limits and simultaneously quantify polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs, both parent and alkylated homologues) in biota by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry because of their environmental significance. The validation of the method was performed in accordance to the Eurachem Guide to Quality in Analytical Chemistry. METHODS Gas chromatography coupled with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer used in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was used for detection and quantification. Retention time windows and selective MRM ion transitions were optimized for a suite of PACs. The developed method was validated by comparing our measurements made on a reference material of freeze-dried mussel tissue (Mytilus edulis) with the certified values. RESULTS Linearity was observed between 10-1000 pg/μL (PAHs) and 2-500 pg/μL (alkyl-PACs including S-based PACs). The overall mean (±SD) for the limits of detection of 43 PACs studied were 0.305 ± 0.276 and 2.69 ± 1.10 ng/g, respectively. For the 14 certified target analytes, the percent relative error ranged from 1.3 to 33%. With the exception of benzo(a)pyrene, the between-day and within-day repeatability for all target analytes was lower than 15% RSD. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of a fully validated method to simultaneously quantify PACs in biota performed in an ISO accredited laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeoluwa Idowu
- Centre for Oil and Gas Research and Development, Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Olga Francisco
- Centre for Oil and Gas Research and Development, Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Philippe J Thomas
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Wesley Johnson
- Centre for Oil and Gas Research and Development, Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Chris Marvin
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Water Research Institute, Burlington, Ontario, L7R 4A6, Canada
| | - Jörg Stetefeld
- Centre for Oil and Gas Research and Development, Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Gregg T Tomy
- Centre for Oil and Gas Research and Development, Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
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Roh JY, Kim PG, Kwon JH. Comparative study of oxidative stress caused by anthracene and alkyl-anthracenes in Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:e2018006. [PMID: 29631345 PMCID: PMC5903033 DOI: 10.5620/eht.e2018006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress was evaluated for anthracene (Ant) and alkyl-Ants (9-methylanthracene [9-MA] and 9,10-dimethylanthracene [9,10-DMA]) in Caenorhabditis elegans to compare changes in toxicity due to the degree of alkylation. Worms were exposed at 1) the same external exposure concentration and 2) the maximum water-soluble concentration. Formation of reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase activity, total glutathione concentration, and lipid peroxidation were determined under constant exposure conditions using passive dosing. The expression of oxidative stress-related genes (daf-2, sir-2.1, daf-16, sod-1, sod-2, sod-3 and cytochrome 35A/C family genes) was also investigated to identify and compare changes in the genetic responses of C. elegans exposed to Ant and alkyl-Ant. At the same external concentration, 9,10-DMA induced the greatest oxidative stress, as evidenced by all indicators, except for lipid peroxidation, followed by 9-MA and Ant. Interestingly, 9,10-DMA led to greater oxidative stress than 9-MA and Ant when worms were exposed to the maximum water-soluble concentration, although the maximum water-soluble concentration of 9,10-DMA is the lowest. Increased oxidative stress by alkyl-Ants would be attributed to higher lipid-water partition coefficient and the π electron density in aromatic rings by alkyl substitution, although this supposition requires further confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeon Roh
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- Unit of Industrial Chemical & Biocides, Knoell Korea Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Pil-Gon Kim
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Kwon
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding author: Jung-Hwan Kwon Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea E-mail:
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79
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Zhu L, Shi X, Sun Y, Zhang Q, Wang W. The growth mechanism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the reactions of anthracene and phenanthrene with cyclopentadienyl and indenyl. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 189:265-276. [PMID: 28942252 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are highly toxic, mutagenic and/or carcinogenic to humans. To reduce the emission of PAHs, it's significant and indispensable to explore the PAH formation mechanism. In the present work, the growth mechanism of PAHs from the reactions of anthracene and phenanthrene with cyclopentadienyl and indenyl radicals was investigated with the aid of high-accuracy quantum chemistry calculation. The rate constants of key elementary steps were calculated by meaning of the canonical variation transition-state (CVT) theory with the small curvature tunneling (SCT) correction over the temperature range of 400-1400 K. The mechanism of the PAH formation involves in six elementary steps, addition reaction, ring closure, intramolecular H-shift, cleavage of CC bond, intramolecular H-shift and unimolecular elimination of CH3 or H. The cleavage of CC bond is the rate-determining step due to the high barrier. The formation of PAHs from the reactions of anthracene with cyclopentadienyl and indenyl radicals is easier than that from the reactions of phenanthrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ledong Zhu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Xiangli Shi
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Yanhui Sun
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China.
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China
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80
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Zhang S, Yao H, Lu Y, Yu X, Wang J, Sun S, Liu M, Li D, Li YF, Zhang D. Uptake and translocation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals by maize from soil irrigated with wastewater. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12165. [PMID: 28939846 PMCID: PMC5610240 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12437-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
By investigating the uptake of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and five heavy metals from soils to maize at the farmlands with industrial wastewater irrigation, this study revealed the effects of heavy metals on PAHs uptake in terms of co-contamination. The results of 15 investigated soils showed medium contamination level and the vertical PAHs distribution in soils indicated that 2-3 rings PAHs with low octanol-water partition coefficient (log Kow < 4.5) were easier to transport in soils, causing a great potential risk immigrating to the groundwater. The 3-ring PAHs were most likely to be taken up by maize roots whereas 2- and 4-6 ring PAHs had the lower likelihood. The translocation of PAHs in maize tissues has positive relationship with log Kow less than 4.5, while negatively correlated otherwise. Redundancy analysis indicated the unexpected results that, except for soil PAHs concentration, the PAHs translocation by maize was reduced by Pb uptake, but not significantly affected by soil organic matters, pH or the other four heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn). This study for the first time provides the restricted factors of PAHs and heavy metal acropetal translocation by maize when they co-exist at wastewater irrigation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, PR China
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster university, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Hong Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, PR China.
| | - Yintao Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, PR China
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster university, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Shaobin Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Mingli Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Desheng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- IJRC-PTS, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Dayi Zhang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster university, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK.
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81
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Yan S, Wu G. Reorganization of gene network for degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 under several conditions. J Appl Genet 2017; 58:545-563. [PMID: 28685384 PMCID: PMC5655620 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-017-0402-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Although polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are harmful to human health, their elimination from the environment is not easy. Biodegradation of PAHs is promising since many bacteria have the ability to use hydrocarbons as their sole carbon and energy sources for growth. Of various microorganisms that can degrade PAHs, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is particularly important, not only because it causes a series of diseases including infection in cystic fibrosis patients, but also because it is a model bacterium in various studies. The genes that are responsible for degrading PAHs have been identified in P. aeruginosa, however, no gene acts alone as various stresses often initiate different metabolic pathways, quorum sensing, biofilm formation, antibiotic tolerance, etc. Therefore, it is important to study how PAH degradation genes behave under different conditions. In this study, we apply network analysis to investigating how 46 PAH degradation genes reorganized among 5549 genes in P. aeruginosa PAO1 under nine different conditions using publicly available gene coexpression data from GEO. The results provide six aspects of novelties: (i) comparing the number of gene clusters before and after stresses, (ii) comparing the membership in each gene cluster before and after stresses, (iii) defining which gene changed its membership together with PAH degradation genes before and after stresses, (iv) classifying membership-changed-genes in terms of category in Pseudomonas Genome Database, (v) postulating unknown gene’s function, and (vi) proposing new mechanisms for genes of interests. This study can shed light on understanding of cooperative mechanisms of PAH degradation from the level of entire genes in an organism, and paves the way to conduct the similar studies on other genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomin Yan
- Bioscience and Technology Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
| | - Guang Wu
- Bioscience and Technology Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, 98 Daling Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China.
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82
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Benzo(a)pyrene triggers desensitization of β2-adrenergic pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3262. [PMID: 28607424 PMCID: PMC5468268 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03646-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P), has been linked to several health-threatening risks. PAHs were also shown to hinder adrenergic receptor (ADR) responses. As we previously demonstrated that B(a)P can directly interact with the β2ADR, we investigated here whether B(a)P could decrease β2ADR responsiveness by triggering receptor desensitization phenomena. We firstly showed that exposure to B(a)P reduced β2ADR-mediated epinephrine-induced induction of NR4A gene mRNAs and of intracellular cAMP. Analysis of β2ADR protein expression demonstrated that B(a)P rapidly decreased membrane expression of β2ADR with a subsequent degradation of receptor protein. B(a)P exposure concomitantly rapidly increased the β2ADR mRNA levels. The use of the β-blockers, propranolol and ICI 118.551, demonstrated the involvement of β2ADR itself in this increase. However, sustained exposure to B(a)P induced a diminution of β2ADR mRNA steady-state as a result of the acceleration of its degradation. Together, these results show that, beside the well-known activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, PAH deleterious effects may involve the dysfunction of adrenergic responses through, in part, the desensitization of β2ADR. This may be taken in consideration when β2-agonists/antagonists are administered in patients exposed to important concentrations of PAHs, e.g. in cigarette smokers.
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Kibechu RW, Sampath S, Mamba BB, Msagati TAM. Graphene-based molecularly imprinted polymer for separation and pre-concentration of trace polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental water samples. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rose Waithiegeni Kibechu
- Department of Applied Chemistry; University of Johannesburg; P.O. Box 17011 Doornfontein Johannesburg 2028 South Africa
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Vaal University of Technology; Vanderbijlpark 1911 South Africa
| | - Srinivasan Sampath
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Department; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore 560 012 Karnataka India
| | - Bhekie Brilliance Mamba
- College of Science Engineering and Technology; The University of South Africa; P.O. Box P/B X6 Roodepoort South Africa
| | - Titus Alfred Makudali Msagati
- College of Science Engineering and Technology; The University of South Africa; P.O. Box P/B X6 Roodepoort South Africa
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84
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Differential Expression of Genes Involved in Utilization of Benzo(a)Pyrene in Burkholderia vietnamiensis G4 Strain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58421-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
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85
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Filho CM, Matias T, Durães L, Valente AJ. Efficient simultaneous removal of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants by a hydrophobic silica aerogel-like material. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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86
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Tao Y, Xue B, Lei G, Liu F, Wang Z. Effects of climate change on bioaccumulation and biomagnification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the planktonic food web of a subtropical shallow eutrophic lake in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 223:624-634. [PMID: 28173953 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To date effects of climate change on bioaccumulation and biomagnification of chemical pollutants in planktonic food webs have rarely been studied. Recruitments of plankton have shifted earlier due to global warming. Global warming and precipitation patterns are projected to shift seasonally. Whether and how the shifts in plankton phenology induced by climate change will impact bioaccumulation and biomagnification of chemical pollutants, and how they will respond to climate change are largely unknown. Here, we combine data analysis of the past seven decades, high temporal resolution monitoring and model development to test this hypothesis with nine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the planktonic food web of a subtropical shallow eutrophic lake in China. We find biphasic correlations between both bioconcentration factors and bioaccumulation factors of the PAHs and the mean temperature, which depend on the recruitment temperatures of cyanobacteria, and copepods and cladocerans. The positive correlations between bioconcentration factors, bioaccumulation factors and the mean temperature will be observed less than approximately 13-18 days by 2050-2060 due to the shifts in plankton phenology. The PAHs and their bioaccumulation and biomagnification will respond seasonally and differently to climate change. Bioaccumulation of most of the PAHs will decrease with global warming, with higher decreasing rates appearing in winter and spring. Biomagnification of most of the PAHs from phytoplankton to zooplankton will increase with global warming, with higher increasing rates appearing in winter and spring. Our study provides novel insights into bioaccumulation and biomagnification of chemical pollutants in eutrophic waters under climate change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiang Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Bin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Guoliang Lei
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Fuzhou Environmental Monitoring Station, Fuzhou, 350011, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
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Gupta G, Kumar V, Pal AK. Microbial Degradation of High Molecular Weight Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with Emphasis on Pyrene. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2017.1293696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gauri Gupta
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India
| | - A. K. Pal
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India
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88
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Muangchinda C, Yamazoe A, Polrit D, Thoetkiattikul H, Mhuantong W, Champreda V, Pinyakong O. Biodegradation of high concentrations of mixed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by indigenous bacteria from a river sediment: a microcosm study and bacterial community analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:4591-4602. [PMID: 27957694 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8185-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the biodegradation of mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by indigenous bacteria in river sediment. Microcosms were constructed from sediment from the Chao Phraya River (the main river in Thailand) by supplementation with high concentrations of fluorene, phenanthrene, pyrene (300 mg kg-1 of each PAH), and acenaphthene (600 mg kg-1). Fluorene and phenanthrene were completely degraded, whereas 50% of the pyrene and acenaphthene were removed at the end of the incubation period (70 days). Community analyses revealed the dynamics of the bacterial profiles in the PAH-degrading microcosms after PAH exposure. Actinobacteria predominated and became significantly more abundant in the microcosms after 14 days of incubation at room temperature under aerobic conditions. Furthermore, the remaining PAHs and alpha diversity were positively correlated. The sequencing of clone libraries of the PAH-RHDα genes also revealed that the dioxygenase genes of Mycobacterium sp. comprised 100% of the PAH-RHDα library at the end of the microcosm setup. Moreover, two PAH-degrading Actinobacteria (Arthrobacter sp. and Rhodococcus ruber) were isolated from the original sediment sample and showed high activity in the degradation of phenanthrene and fluorene in liquid cultivation. This study reveals that indigenous bacteria had the ability to degrade high concentrations of mixed PAHs and provide clear evidence that Actinobacteria may be potential candidates to play a major role in PAH degradation in the river sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanokporn Muangchinda
- Bioremediation Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Atsushi Yamazoe
- Biological Resource Center, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, 2-49-10 Nishihara, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 151-0066, Japan
| | - Duangporn Polrit
- Bioremediation Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Honglada Thoetkiattikul
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Wuttichai Mhuantong
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Verawat Champreda
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Onruthai Pinyakong
- Bioremediation Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Omics Sciences and Bioinformatics Center, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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89
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Protection against UV-induced toxicity and lack of mutagenicity of Antarctic Sanionia uncinata. Toxicology 2017; 376:126-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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90
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Peng H, Zhang D, Pan B, Peng J. Contribution of hydrophobic effect to the sorption of phenanthrene, 9-phenanthrol and 9, 10-phenanthrenequinone on carbon nanotubes. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 168:739-747. [PMID: 27836280 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), with diverse sources and acute toxicity, are categorized as priority pollutants. Previous studies have stated that the hydrophobic effect controls PAH sorption, but no study has been conducted to quantify the exact contribution of the hydrophobic effect. Considering the well-defined structure of carbon nanotubes and their stable chemical composition in organic solvents, three multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were selected as a model adsorbent. Phenanthrene (PHE) and its degradation intermediates 9-phenanthrol (PTR) and 9, 10-phenanthrenequinone (PQN) were used as model adsorbates. To quantify the contribution of the hydrophobic effect for these three chemicals, the effect of organic solvent (methanol and hexadecane) was investigated. Adsorption isotherms for PHE, PTR and PQN were well fitted by the Freundlich isotherm model. A positive relationship between adsorption affinities of these three chemicals and specific surface area (SSA) was observed in hexadecane but not in water or methanol. Other factors should be included other than SSA. Adsorption of PQN on MWCNTs with oxygen functional groups was higher than that on pristine MWCNTs due to π-π EDA interactions. The contribution of hydrophobic effect was 50%-85% for PHE, suggesting that hydrophobic effect was the predominant mechanism. This contribution was lower than 30% for PTR/PQN on functionalized MWCNTs. Hydrogen bonds control the adsorption of PTR, and π-π bonding interactions control PQN sorption after screening out the hydrophobic effect in hexadecane. Hydrophobic effect is the control mechanism for nonpolar chemicals, while functional groups of CNTs and solvent types control the adsorption of polar compounds. Extended work on quantifying the relationship between chemical structure and the contribution of the hydrophobic effect will provide a useful technique for PAH fate modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Peng
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Bo Pan
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Jinhui Peng
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China.
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91
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Farajzadeh MA, Khiavi EB, Khorram P, Mogaddam MRA. Coupling of homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the extraction and preconcentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aqueous samples followed by GC with flame ionization detection. J Sep Sci 2016; 40:497-505. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mir Ali Farajzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; University of Tabriz; Tabriz Iran
| | - Elahe Behboudi Khiavi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; University of Tabriz; Tabriz Iran
| | - Parisa Khorram
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; University of Tabriz; Tabriz Iran
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92
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Smol M, Włodarczyk-Makuła M. The Effectiveness in the Removal of PAHs from Aqueous Solutions in Physical and Chemical Processes: A Review. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2015.1105828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Smol
- The Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maria Włodarczyk-Makuła
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland
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93
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Samburova V, Connolly J, Gyawali M, Yatavelli RLN, Watts AC, Chakrabarty RK, Zielinska B, Moosmüller H, Khlystov A. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in biomass-burning emissions and their contribution to light absorption and aerosol toxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 568:391-401. [PMID: 27304373 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, brown carbon (BrC) has been shown to be an important contributor to light absorption by biomass-burning atmospheric aerosols in the blue and near-ultraviolet (UV) part of the solar spectrum. Emission factors and optical properties of 113 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined for combustion of five globally important fuels: Alaskan, Siberian, and Florida swamp peat, cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) needles. The emission factors of total analyzed PAHs were between 1.9±0.43.0±0.6 and 9.6±1.2-42.2±5.4mgPAHkg(-1)fuel for particle- and gas phase, respectively. Spectrophotometric analysis of the identified PAHs showed that perinaphthenone, methylpyrenes, and pyrene contributed the most to the total PAH light absorption with 17.2%, 3.3 to 10.5%, and 7.6% of the total particle-phase PAH absorptivity averaged over analyzed emissions from the fuels. In the gas phase, the top three PAH contributors to BrC were acenaphthylene (32.6%), anthracene (8.2%), and 2,4,5-trimethylnaphthalene (8.0%). Overall, the identified PAHs were responsible for 0.087-0.16% (0.13% on average) and 0.033-0.15% (0.11% on average) of the total light absorption by dichloromethane-acetone extracts of particle and gas emissions, respectively. Toxic equivalency factor (TEF) analysis of 16 PAHs prioritized by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) showed that benzo(a)pyrene contributed the most to the PAH carcinogenic potency of particle phase emissions (61.8-67.4% to the total carcinogenic potency of Σ16EPA PAHs), while naphthalene played the major role in carcinogenicity of the gas phase PAHs in the biomass-burning emission analyzed here (35.4-46.0% to the total carcinogenic potency of Σ16EPA PAHs). The 16 EPA-prioritized PAHs contributed only 22.1±6.2% to total particle and 23.4±11% to total gas phase PAH mass, thus toxic properties of biomass-burning PAH emissions are most likely underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Samburova
- Desert Research Institute, Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Reno, NV 89512, USA.
| | - Jessica Connolly
- Desert Research Institute, Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Reno, NV 89512, USA
| | - Madhu Gyawali
- Desert Research Institute, Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Reno, NV 89512, USA
| | - Reddy L N Yatavelli
- Monitoring and Laboratory Division, California Air Resources Board, El Monte, CA 91731, USA
| | - Adam C Watts
- Desert Research Institute, Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Reno, NV 89512, USA
| | - Rajan K Chakrabarty
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Barbara Zielinska
- Desert Research Institute, Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Reno, NV 89512, USA
| | - Hans Moosmüller
- Desert Research Institute, Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Reno, NV 89512, USA
| | - Andrey Khlystov
- Desert Research Institute, Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Reno, NV 89512, USA.
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94
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Rostami S, Azhdarpoor A, Rostami M, Samaei MR. The effects of simultaneous application of plant growth regulators and bioaugmentation on improvement of phytoremediation of pyrene contaminated soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 161:219-223. [PMID: 27434251 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) refer to a wide group of soil contaminants whose presence in the environment is a cause of concern. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the phytoremediation activities of sorghum bicolor and increase in pyrene removal efficiency in the soil. The initial concentration of pyrene was 150 and 300 mg kg(-1) in this experiment. The treatments included unplanted soil (T0), planted soil with sorghum (T1), planted soil with application of IAA (T2), planted soil with application of Pseudomonas sp. (T3), and planted soil with simultaneous application of IAA and Pseudomonas sp. (T4). The pyrene removal rate in the soil was measured every 30 days. Moreover, plant biomass and soil bacteria were measured after 90 days. The results showed that pyrene removal rate significantly increased in the planted treatments compared to the unplanted ones. After 90 days, at the initial concentration of 150-300 mg kg(-1), pyrene removal efficiency was 52-92% in T1-T4 and 35-47% in the unplanted treatment (T0). Application of IAA and Pseudomonas sp. significantly increased plant biomass, soil bacteria, and pyrene removal rate in T2, T3, and T4 compared to T1. Therefore, application of IAA in the planted treatments with sorghum could have a significant effect on increasing the removal efficiency of pyrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Rostami
- Environmental Health Engineering, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abooalfazl Azhdarpoor
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Majid Rostami
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Samaei
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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95
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ZHANG YN, YANG XL, BIAN YR, GU CG, WANG DZ, JIANG X. An Accelerated Solvent Extraction-Solid Phase Extraction-High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil and Earthworm Samples. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(16)60961-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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96
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Shimada T, Takenaka S, Murayama N, Yamazaki H, Kim JH, Kim D, Yoshimoto FK, Guengerich FP, Komori M. Oxidation of Acenaphthene and Acenaphthylene by Human Cytochrome P450 Enzymes. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 28:268-78. [PMID: 25642975 DOI: 10.1021/tx500505y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Acenaphthene and acenaphthylene, two known environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)pollutants, were incubated at 50 μM concentrations in a standard reaction mixture with human P450s 2A6, 2A13, 1B1,1A2, 2C9, and 3A4, and the oxidation products were determined using HPLC and LC-MS. HPLC analysis showed that P450 2A6 converted acenaphthene and acenaphthylene to several mono- and dioxygenated products. LC-MS analysis of acenaphthene oxidation by P450s indicated the formation of1-acenaphthenol as a major product, with turnover rates of 6.7,4.5, and 3.6 nmol product formed/min/nmol P450 for P4502A6, 2A13, and 1B1, respectively. Acenaphthylene oxidation by P450 2A6 showed the formation of 1,2-epoxyacenaphthene as a major product (4.4 nmol epoxide formed/min/nmol P450) and also several mono- and dioxygenated products.P450 2A13, 1B1, 1A2, 2C9, and 3A4 formed 1,2-epoxyacenaphthene at rates of 0.18, 5.3 2.4, 0.16, and 3.8 nmol/min/nmol P450, respectively. 1-Acenaphthenol, which induced Type I binding spectra with P450 2A13, was further oxidized by P450 2A13 but not P450 2A6. 1,2-Epoxyacenaphthene induced Type I binding spectra with P450 2A6 and 2A13 (K(s) 1.8 and 0.16 μM,respectively) and was also oxidized to several oxidation products by these P450s. Molecular docking analysis suggested different orientations of acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, 1-acenaphthenol, and 1,2-epoxyacenaphthene in their interactions with P450 2A6a nd 2A13. Neither of these four PAHs induced umu gene expression in a Salmonella typhimurium NM tester strain. These results suggest, for the first time, that acenaphthene and acenaphthylene are oxidized by human P450s 2A6 and 2A13 and other P450s to form several mono- and dioxygenated products. The results are of use in considering the biological and toxicological significance of these environmental PAHs in humans.
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97
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Hernández Blanco FJ, García de Llasera MP. Monitoring dihydrodiol polyaromatic hydrocarbon metabolites produced by the freshwater microalgae Selenastrum capricornutum. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 158:80-90. [PMID: 27258898 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We found that microalgae exposed to a mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) did not show growth inhibition. Thus, we assumed that they could metabolize these compounds. In this study, the dihydrodiol-type PAH metabolites of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), benzo(a)anthracene (BaA), benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF) and benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF) produced by the freshwater microalgae Selenastrum capricornutum were monitored and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FD) techniques. Exposure bioassays with S. capricornutum were performed using a 266 ng mL(-1) mixture of PAHs at different exposure times (0.75, 1, 3, 8, 16, 24 and 48 h) under controlled temperature (25 °C); the dihydrodiol metabolites formed in the liquid medium and the biomass were quantified. Metabolite identities were confirmed using HPLC-mass spectrometry; most of the metabolites formed were derived from BaA degradation. At 48 h after exposure 5,6-dBaA and 8,9-dBaA/10,11-dBaA were present in the liquid medium at 20% and 67% of the initial mass of BaA, respectively. Three metabolites of BaP were monitored in the liquid medium and biomass and, at 24 h, 4,5-dBaP accounted for 19%; , 7,8-dBaP, 5%; and 9,10-dBaP, 5% relative to the initial BaP mass. Microalgae exposed to BbF showed the presence of 1,2-dBbF and 9,10-dBbF (at 0.3% and 0.1% of the initial BbF mass, respectively) and those exposed to BkF produced 8,9-dBkF (6.5% of the initial BkF mass) in the liquid medium. Seven unknown compounds were formed after exposure; two compounds were identified as the metabolites of BaA and BaP. The results could facilitate the elucidation of the controversial biodegradation mechanism in microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando José Hernández Blanco
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México. D. F., 04510, Mexico
| | - Martha Patricia García de Llasera
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México. D. F., 04510, Mexico.
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98
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Effiong IA, Bassey FI, Iwegbue CMA, Ekpa OD, Williams SA, Oguntunde FC, Osabor VN, Martincigh BS. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in three commercially available fish species from the Bonny and Cross River estuaries in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:508. [PMID: 27497961 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5479-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations and compositional patterns of the USEPA 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were investigated in three commercially available fish species, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, Cynoglossus senegalensis and Polydactylus quadratifilis, from the Bonny and Cross River systems in the eastern Niger Delta of Nigeria. The objective of the study was to provide useful information on the levels and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the associated risks with their consumption. The 16 PAHs in the fish samples were extracted by ultrasonication with hexane/dichloromethane, and the concentrations of PAHs in the extracts were quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The measured concentrations of the Ʃ16 PAHs in Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, Polydactylus quadratifilis and Cynoglossus senegalensis ranged from 106 to 491, from 43.1 to 1734 and from 96.4 to 937 μg kg(-1) in the Bonny River system and from 20.0 to 975, from 24.7 to 506 and from 24.9 to 387 μg kg(-1) in the Cross River system, respectively. The compositional patterns of the PAHs showed that the three- and four-ringed PAHs were the major contributors to the PAH burden in these fish species. The diagnostic ratios indicate that the PAHs in these fish samples originated mainly from combustion processes. The health risk assessment, as determined from the benzo[a]pyrene potency equivalent factor, margin of exposure and incremental lifetime cancer risk, indicates that PAHs in the majority of these fish species can induce potential carcinogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imabong A Effiong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Cross-Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Francisca I Bassey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Cross-Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Chukwujindu M A Iwegbue
- Metals and Trace Organics Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria.
| | - Okon D Ekpa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Cross-Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Sunday A Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Cross-Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Fehintola C Oguntunde
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Cross-Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Vincent N Osabor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Cross-Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Bice S Martincigh
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
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99
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Ertl NG, O'Connor WA, Brooks P, Keats M, Elizur A. Combined exposure to pyrene and fluoranthene and their molecular effects on the Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea glomerata. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 177:136-145. [PMID: 27286571 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitously detected in the water column, associated with particulate matter or in the tissue of marine organisms such as molluscs. PAH exposure and their resultant bioaccumulation in molluscs can cause a range of serious physiological effects in the affected animals. To examine the molecular response of these xenobiotics in bivalves, Sydney rock oysters (Saccostrea glomerata) were exposed to pyrene and fluoranthene for seven days. Chemical analysis of the soft-tissue of PAH stressed S. glomerata confirmed that pyrene and fluoranthene could be bioaccumulated by these oysters. RNA-Seq analysis of PAH-exposed S. glomerata showed a total of 765 transcripts differentially expressed between control and PAH-stressed oysters. Closer examination of the transcripts revealed a range genes encoding enzymes involved in PAH detoxification (e.g. cytochrome P450), innate immune responses (e.g. pathogen recognition, phagocytosis) and protein synthesis. Overall, pyrene and fluoranthene exposure appears to have resulted in a suppression of pathogen recognition and some protein synthesis processes, whereas transcripts of genes encoding proteins involved in clearance of cell debris and some transcripts of genes involved in PAH detoxification were induced in response to the stressors. Pyrene and fluoranthene exposure thus invoked a complex molecular response in S. glomerata, with results suggesting that oysters focus on removing the stressors from their system and dealing with the downstream effects of PAH exposure, potentially at the exclusion of other, less immediate concerns (e.g. protection from infection).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole G Ertl
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia; Australian Seafood Cooperative Research Centre, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Wayne A O'Connor
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia; Department of Primary Industries, New South Wales, Australia. wayne.o'
| | - Peter Brooks
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Michael Keats
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Abigail Elizur
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia.
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100
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Kang HJ, Lee SY, Kwon JH. Physico-chemical properties and toxicity of alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 312:200-207. [PMID: 27037474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Crude oil and refined petroleum products contain many polycyclic and heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, in particular, alkylated PAHs. Although alkylated PAHs are found in significantly higher quantities than their corresponding unsubstituted PAHs, the most studies on the physico-chemical properties and toxicities of these compounds have been conducted on unsubstituted PAHs. In this study, we measured crucial physico-chemical properties (i.e., water solubility, partition coefficients between polydimethylsiloxane and water (KPDMSw), and partition coefficient between liposomes and water (Klipw)) of selected alkylated PAHs, and evaluated their toxicity using the luminescence inhibition of Aliivibrio fischeri and growth inhibition of Raphidocelis subcapitata. In general, the logarithms of these properties for alkylated PAHs showed good linear correlations with log Kow, as did those for unsubstituted PAHs. Changes in molecular symmetry on the introduction of alkyl groups on aromatic ring structure significantly altered water solubility. The inhibition of bacterial luminescence and algal growth by alkylated PAHs can be explained well by the baseline toxicity hypothesis, and good linear relationships between log Kow or log Klipw and log (1/EC50) were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Joong Kang
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul02841, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Lee
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Kwon
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul02841, Republic of Korea.
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