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Tosi G, Pederzoli F, Belletti D, Vandelli MA, Forni F, Duskey JT, Ruozi B. Nanomedicine in Alzheimer's disease: Amyloid beta targeting strategy. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2019; 245:57-88. [PMID: 30961872 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is up to today one of the most unsuccessful examples of biomedical science. Despite the high number of literature evidences detailing the multifactorial and complex etiopathology of AD, no cure is yet present on the market and the available treatments are only symptomatic. The reasons could be ascribed on two main factors: (i) lack of ability of the majority of drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), thus excluding the brain for any successful therapy; (ii) lack of selectivity and specificity of drugs, decreasing the efficacy of even potent anti-AD drugs. The exploitation of specifically engineered nanomedicines planned to cross the BBB and to target the most "hot" site of action (i.e., β-amyloid) is one of the most interesting innovations in drug delivery and could reasonably represent an promising choice for possible treatments and even early-diagnosis of AD. In this chapter, we therefore outline the most talented approaches in AD treatment with a specific focus on the main advantages/drawbacks and future possible translation to clinic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tosi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Pederzoli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrico "Città della Speranza", Padova, Italy
| | - Daniela Belletti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Vandelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Fondazione Umberto Veronesi, Milano, Italy
| | - Flavio Forni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Jason Thomas Duskey
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Barbara Ruozi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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Dave V, Gupta A, Singh P, Gupta C, Sadhu V, Reddy KR. Synthesis and characterization of celecoxib loaded PEGylated liposome nanoparticles for biomedical applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2019.100288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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53
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Al-Azzawi S, Masheta D, Guildford A, Phillips G, Santin M. Designing and Characterization of a Novel Delivery System for Improved Cellular Uptake by Brain Using Dendronised Apo-E-Derived Peptide. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:49. [PMID: 30972332 PMCID: PMC6443832 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (ND) are characterized by the progressive loss of neuronal structure or function mostly associated with neuronal death. The presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is considered the main obstacle that prevents the penetration of almost all drugs rendering the diseases untreatable. Currently, one of the most promising approaches for drug delivery to the brain is by employing endogenous transcytosis to improve endothelial cell uptake. This study aimed to exploit this potential route of enhanced drug uptake through the design and characterization of low generations lysine dendrons with further functionalization of dendron with ApoE-derived peptide (AEP) ligand to improve cellular uptake and targeting of delivery to the brain. Dendrons and peptide were synthesized using solid phase peptide chemistry and the products were characterized by mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography which confirmed the successful synthesis of dendrons and functionalization with the AEP. Cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase release were conducted to study the cytotoxicity of the materials against an immortalized brain endothelial cell line (bEnd.3) which demonstrated that no toxicity was seen at the concentration range used (up to 400 μM) for up to 48 h incubation. Cellular uptake of the synthesized molecules was examined using confocal microscopy and flow cytometer which clearly showed the cellular uptake of the dendronised carrier systems and that the highest percentage of cellular uptake was achieved with the AEP-functionalized dendron. This study has therefore demonstrated the successful synthesis of dendronised carrier systems with the potential to act as carriers for improved delivery and targeting the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafq Al-Azzawi
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Devices, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Dhafir Masheta
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Devices, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Guildford
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Devices, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Phillips
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Devices, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Santin
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Devices, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
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Tomeh MA, Hadianamrei R, Zhao X. A Review of Curcumin and Its Derivatives as Anticancer Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1033. [PMID: 30818786 PMCID: PMC6429287 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world and one of the major public health problems. Despite the great advances in cancer therapy, the incidence and mortality rates of cancer remain high. Therefore, the quest for more efficient and less toxic cancer treatment strategies is still at the forefront of current research. Curcumin, the active ingredient of the Curcuma longa plant, has received great attention over the past two decades as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer agent. In this review, a summary of the medicinal chemistry and pharmacology of curcumin and its derivatives in regard to anticancer activity, their main mechanisms of action, and cellular targets has been provided based on the literature data from the experimental and clinical evaluation of curcumin in cancer cell lines, animal models, and human subjects. In addition, the recent advances in the drug delivery systems for curcumin delivery to cancer cells have been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mhd Anas Tomeh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
| | - Roja Hadianamrei
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
| | - Xiubo Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
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Patil NA, Karas JA, Turner BJ, Shabanpoor F. Thiol-Cyanobenzothiazole Ligation for the Efficient Preparation of Peptide-PNA Conjugates. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:793-799. [PMID: 30645945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)-based drugs are emerging with great potential as therapeutic compounds for diseases with unmet medical needs. However, for ASOs to be effective as clinical entities, they should reach their intracellular RNA and DNA targets at pharmacologically relevant concentrations. Over the past decades, various covalently attached delivery vehicles have been utilized for intracellular delivery of ASOs. One such approach is the use of biocompatible cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) covalently conjugated to ASOs. The stability of the linkage is of paramount importance for maximal intracellular delivery to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. In this study, we have investigated the efficiency and stability of four different bioorthogonal and nonreductive linkages including triazole, thioether, thiosuccinimide thioether and thiazole moieties. Here we have shown that thiazole and thiosuccinimide are the two most efficient and facile approaches for the preparation of peptide-ASO conjugates. The thiazole linkage had a higher stability compared to the thiosuccinimide thioether at physiological conditions (pH 7.4, 37 °C) in the presence of a biologically relevant concentration of glutathione. We have also shown that the peptide-ASO conjugate with a thiosuccinimide linkage has a significantly lower antisense activity compared to the peptide-ASO with the thiazole linkage, which maintains its antisense activity after 24 h of exposure to glutathione. In summary, we have demonstrated that the bioorthogonal thiazole linkage offers the benefits of mild reaction conditions, fast reaction kinetics, absence of any byproducts, and higher stability compared to other conjugation approaches. This facile ligation can be used for the synthesis of a variety of bioconjugates where a stable linkage is required.
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56
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Jiang Y, Zhang J, Meng F, Zhong Z. Apolipoprotein E Peptide-Directed Chimeric Polymersomes Mediate an Ultrahigh-Efficiency Targeted Protein Therapy for Glioblastoma. ACS NANO 2018; 12:11070-11079. [PMID: 30395440 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b05265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The inability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents nearly all chemotherapeutics and biotherapeutics from the effective treatment of brain tumors, rendering few improvements in patient survival rates to date. Here, we report that apolipoprotein E peptide [ApoE, (LRKLRKRLL)2C] specifically binds to low-density lipoprotein receptor members (LDLRs) and mediates superb BBB crossing and highly efficient glioblastoma (GBM)-targeted protein therapy in vivo. The in vitro BBB model studies reveal that ApoE induces 2.2-fold better penetration of the immortalized mouse brain endothelial cell line (bEnd.3) monolayer for chimeric polymersomes (CP) compared to Angiopep-2, the best-known BBB-crossing peptide used in clinical trials for GBM therapy. ApoE-installed CP (ApoE-CP) carrying saporin (SAP) displays a highly specific and potent antitumor effect toward U-87 MG cells with a low half-maximum inhibitory concentration of 14.2 nM SAP. Notably, ApoE-CP shows efficient BBB crossing as well as accumulation and penetration in orthotopic U-87 MG glioblastoma. The systemic administration of SAP-loaded ApoE-CP causes complete growth inhibition of orthotopic U-87 MG GBM without eliciting any observable adverse effects, affording markedly improved survival benefits. ApoE peptide provides an ultrahigh-efficiency targeting strategy for GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , PR China
| | - Fenghua Meng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhong
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , PR China
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Niu X, Chen J, Gao J. Nanocarriers as a powerful vehicle to overcome blood-brain barrier in treating neurodegenerative diseases: Focus on recent advances. Asian J Pharm Sci 2018; 14:480-496. [PMID: 32104476 PMCID: PMC7032222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis throw a heavy burden on families and society. Related scientific researches make tardy progress. One reason is that the known pathogeny is just the tip of the iceberg. Another reason is that various physiological barriers, especially blood-brain barrier (BBB), hamper effective therapeutic substances from reaching site of action. Drugs in clinical treatment of neurodegenerative diseases are basically administered orally. And generally speaking, the brain targeting efficiency is pretty low. Nano-delivery technology brings hope for neurodegenerative diseases. The use of nanocarriers encapsulating molecules such as peptides and genomic medicine may enhance drug transport through the BBB in neurodegenerative disease and target relevant regions in the brain for regenerative processes. In this review, we discuss BBB composition and applications of nanocarriers -liposomes, nanoparticles, nanomicelles and new emerging exosomes in neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, the disadvantages and the potential neurotoxicity of nanocarriers according pharmacokinetics theory are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Niu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiejian Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, the Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianqing Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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58
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A flow platform for degradation-free CuAAC bioconjugation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4021. [PMID: 30275543 PMCID: PMC6167327 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06551-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction is a cornerstone method for the ligation of biomolecules. However, undesired Cu-mediated oxidation and Cu-contamination in bioconjugates limits biomedical utility. Here, we report a generic CuAAC flow platform for the rapid, robust, and broad-spectrum formation of discrete triazole bioconjugates. This process leverages an engineering problem to chemical advantage: solvent-mediated Cu pipe erosion generates ppm levels of Cu in situ under laminar flow conditions. This is sufficient to catalyze the CuAAC reaction of small molecule alkynes and azides, fluorophores, marketed drug molecules, peptides, DNA, and therapeutic oligonucleotides. This flow approach, not replicated in batch, operates at ambient temperature and pressure, requires short residence times, avoids oxidation of sensitive functional groups, and produces products with very low ppm Cu contamination. Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction is a common bioconjugation technique; however oxidative degradation and residual copper may limit its use. Here, the authors show that ppm levels of Cu, generated in situ by solvent-mediated pipe erosion in flow, catalyze the CuAAC reaction with no product degradation.
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59
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Nabi B, Rehman S, Khan S, Baboota S, Ali J. Ligand conjugation: An emerging platform for enhanced brain drug delivery. Brain Res Bull 2018; 142:384-393. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Skouras A, Papadia K, Mourtas S, Klepetsanis P, Antimisiaris SG. Multifunctional doxorubicin-loaded magnetoliposomes with active and magnetic targeting properties. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 123:162-172. [PMID: 30041027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional magnetoliposomes (MLs) with active and magnetic targeting potential are evaluated as platform systems for drug targeting applications. USPIO-encapsulating MLs are prepared by freeze drying/extrusion, decorated with one or two ligands for brain or cancer targeting (t-MLs), and actively loaded with Doxorubicin (DOX). MLs have mean diameters between 117 and 171 nm. Ligand attachment yields and DOX-loading efficiency are sufficiently high, 78-95% and 89-92%, respectively, while DOX loading and retention is not affected by co-entrapment of USPIOs, and USPIO loading/retention is not modulated by DOX. Attachment of ligands, also does not affect DOX or USPIO loading. Interestingly, MLs have high magnetophoretic mobility (MM) compared to free USPIOs, which is not affected by surface coating with PEG (up to 8 mol%), but is slightly reduced by Chol incorporation in their membrane, or when functional groups are immobilized on their surface. ML size, (directly related to number of USPIOs entrapped per vesicle), is the most important MM-determining factor. MM increases by 570% when ML size increases from 69 to 348 nm. Targeting potential of t-MLs is verified by enhanced: (i) transport across a cellular model of the blood-brain-barrier, and (ii) anti-proliferative effect towards B16 melanoma cells. The potential of further enhancing t-ML targeting magnetically is verified by additional enhancements of (i) and (ii), when experiments are performed under a permanent magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Skouras
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Dept. of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rio 26510, Greece
| | - Konstantina Papadia
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Dept. of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rio 26510, Greece
| | - Spyridon Mourtas
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Dept. of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rio 26510, Greece
| | - Pavlos Klepetsanis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Dept. of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rio 26510, Greece; Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, FORTH/ICE-HT, Rio 26506, Patras, Greece
| | - Sophia G Antimisiaris
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Dept. of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rio 26510, Greece; Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, FORTH/ICE-HT, Rio 26506, Patras, Greece.
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61
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Binda A, Panariti A, Barbuti A, Murano C, Dal Magro R, Masserini M, Re F, Rivolta I. Modulation of the intrinsic neuronal excitability by multifunctional liposomes tailored for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:4059-4071. [PMID: 30034232 PMCID: PMC6047604 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s161563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Nanotechnologies turned out to be promising in the development of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches toward neurodegenerative disorders. However, only a very scant number of nanodevices until now proved to be effective on preclinical animal models. Although specific tests in vivo are available to assess the potential toxicity of these nanodevices on cognitive functions, those to evaluate their biosafety in vitro on neurons are still to be improved. Materials and methods We utilized the patch-clamp technique on primary cultures of cortical neural cells isolated from neonatal rats, aiming to evaluate their electrical properties after the incubation with liposomes (mApoE-PA-LIPs), previously proved able to cross the blood–brain barrier and to be effective on mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), both in the absence and in the presence of β-amyloid peptide oligomers. Results Data show a high degree of biocompatibility, evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and MTT assay, and the lack of cellular internalization. After the incubation with mApoE-PA-LIPs, neuronal membranes show an increase in the input resistance (from 724.14±76 MΩ in untreated population to 886.06±86 MΩ in the treated one), a reduction in the rheobase current (from 29.6±3 to 24.2±3 pA in untreated and treated, respectively), and an increase of the firing frequency, consistent with an ultimate increase in intrinsic excitability. Data obtained after co-incubation of mApoE-PA-LIPs with β-amyloid peptide oligomers suggest a retention of liposome efficacy. Conclusion These data suggest the ability of liposomes to modulate neuronal electrical properties and are compatible with the previously demonstrated amelioration of cognitive functions induced by treatment of AD mice with liposomes. We conclude that this electrophysiological approach could represent a useful tool for nanomedicine to evaluate the effect of nanoparticles on intrinsic neuronal excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Binda
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy,
| | - Alice Panariti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy,
| | - Andrea Barbuti
- Department of Biosciences, The PaceLab and Interuniversity Center of Molecular Medicine and Applied Biophysics (CIMMBA), University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Carmen Murano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy,
| | - Roberta Dal Magro
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy,
| | - Massimo Masserini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy, .,Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy, .,Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy,
| | - Francesca Re
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy, .,Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy, .,Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy,
| | - Ilaria Rivolta
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy, .,Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy, .,Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy,
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Use of functionalized liposomes loaded with antioxidants to permeate the blood–brain barrier and inhibit β-amyloid-induced neurodegeneration in the brain. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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63
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Bramini M, Alberini G, Colombo E, Chiacchiaretta M, DiFrancesco ML, Maya-Vetencourt JF, Maragliano L, Benfenati F, Cesca F. Interfacing Graphene-Based Materials With Neural Cells. Front Syst Neurosci 2018; 12:12. [PMID: 29695956 PMCID: PMC5904258 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2018.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The scientific community has witnessed an exponential increase in the applications of graphene and graphene-based materials in a wide range of fields, from engineering to electronics to biotechnologies and biomedical applications. For what concerns neuroscience, the interest raised by these materials is two-fold. On one side, nanosheets made of graphene or graphene derivatives (graphene oxide, or its reduced form) can be used as carriers for drug delivery. Here, an important aspect is to evaluate their toxicity, which strongly depends on flake composition, chemical functionalization and dimensions. On the other side, graphene can be exploited as a substrate for tissue engineering. In this case, conductivity is probably the most relevant amongst the various properties of the different graphene materials, as it may allow to instruct and interrogate neural networks, as well as to drive neural growth and differentiation, which holds a great potential in regenerative medicine. In this review, we try to give a comprehensive view of the accomplishments and new challenges of the field, as well as which in our view are the most exciting directions to take in the immediate future. These include the need to engineer multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs) able to cross the blood-brain-barrier to reach neural cells, and to achieve on-demand delivery of specific drugs. We describe the state-of-the-art in the use of graphene materials to engineer three-dimensional scaffolds to drive neuronal growth and regeneration in vivo, and the possibility of using graphene as a component of hybrid composites/multi-layer organic electronics devices. Last but not least, we address the need of an accurate theoretical modeling of the interface between graphene and biological material, by modeling the interaction of graphene with proteins and cell membranes at the nanoscale, and describing the physical mechanism(s) of charge transfer by which the various graphene materials can influence the excitability and physiology of neural cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Bramini
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Giulio Alberini
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Colombo
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Martina Chiacchiaretta
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Mattia L DiFrancesco
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - José F Maya-Vetencourt
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Luca Maragliano
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Cesca
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
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64
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Mancini S, Nardo L, Gregori M, Ribeiro I, Mantegazza F, Delerue-Matos C, Masserini M, Grosso C. Functionalized liposomes and phytosomes loading Annona muricata L. aqueous extract: Potential nanoshuttles for brain-delivery of phenolic compounds. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 42:233-244. [PMID: 29655691 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multi-target drugs have gained significant recognition for the treatment of multifactorial diseases such as depression. Under a screening study of multi-potent medicinal plants with claimed antidepressant-like activity, the phenolic-rich Annona muricata aqueous extract (AE) emerged as a moderate monoamine oxidase A (hMAO-A) inhibitor and a strong hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenger. PURPOSE In order to protect this extract from gastrointestinal biotransformation and to improve its permeability across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), four phospholipid nanoformulations of liposomes and phytosomes functionalized with a peptide ligand promoting BBB crossing were produced. METHODS AE and nanoformulations were characterized by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn, HPLC-DAD, spectrophotometric, fluorescence and dynamic light scattering methods. Cytotoxicity and permeability studies were carried out using an in vitro transwell model of the BBB, composed of immortalized human microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3), and in vitro hMAO-A inhibition and H2O2 scavenging activities were performed with all samples. RESULTS The encapsulation/binding of AE was more efficient with phytosomes, while liposomes were more stable, displaying a slower extract release over time. In general, phytosomes were less toxic than liposomes in hCMEC/D3 cells and, when present, cholesterol improved the permeability across the cell monolayer of all tested nanoformulations. All nanoformulations conserved the antioxidant potential of AE, while phosphatidylcholine interfered with MAO-A inhibition assay. CONCLUSIONS Overall, phytosome formulations registered the best performance in terms of binding efficiency, enzyme inhibition and scavenging activity, thus representing a promising multipotent phenolic-rich nanoshuttle for future in vivo depression treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Mancini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Nardo
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Gregori
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Inês Ribeiro
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francesco Mantegazza
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Massimo Masserini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Clara Grosso
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal.
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Magro RD, Cox A, Zambelli V, Mancini S, Masserini M, Re F. The ability of liposomes, tailored for blood–brain barrier targeting, to reach the brain is dramatically affected by the disease state. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:585-594. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate if and how the ability of liposomes, previously designed for Alzheimer's therapy, to reach the brain changes in aging/pathological conditions with respect to the healthy state. Methods: Biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of liposomes in young or aged healthy mice and in an Alzheimer's mouse model were measured by radiochemical techniques. The expression of brain receptors and structural proteins was evaluated by Western blot. Results: At equal blood levels, the amount and integrity of liposomes in the brain were dramatically lower in Alzheimer's or aged mice, with respect to young animals. These differences are likely attributable to molecular alterations in the brain vasculature. Conclusion: Brain alterations in pathology or aging should be considered in the design of drug delivery systems for brain targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Dal Magro
- School of Medicine & Surgery, Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB, Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi), University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza (MB), Italy
| | - Alysia Cox
- School of Medicine & Surgery, Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB, Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi), University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza (MB), Italy
| | - Vanessa Zambelli
- School of Medicine & Surgery, Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB, Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi), University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza (MB), Italy
| | - Simona Mancini
- School of Medicine & Surgery, Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB, Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi), University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza (MB), Italy
| | - Massimo Masserini
- School of Medicine & Surgery, Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB, Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi), University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza (MB), Italy
| | - Francesca Re
- School of Medicine & Surgery, Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB, Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi), University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza (MB), Italy
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66
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Oller-Salvia B, Sánchez-Navarro M, Giralt E, Teixidó M. Blood-brain barrier shuttle peptides: an emerging paradigm for brain delivery. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 45:4690-707. [PMID: 27188322 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00076b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Brain delivery is one of the major challenges in drug development because of the high number of patients suffering from neural diseases and the low efficiency of the treatments available. Although the blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents most drugs from reaching their targets, molecular vectors - known as BBB shuttles - offer great promise to safely overcome this formidable obstacle. In recent years, peptide shuttles have received growing attention because of their lower cost, reduced immunogenicity, and higher chemical versatility than traditional Trojan horse antibodies and other proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamí Oller-Salvia
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Macarena Sánchez-Navarro
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ernest Giralt
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain. and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Teixidó
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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67
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Modarres HP, Janmaleki M, Novin M, Saliba J, El-Hajj F, RezayatiCharan M, Seyfoori A, Sadabadi H, Vandal M, Nguyen MD, Hasan A, Sanati-Nezhad A. In vitro models and systems for evaluating the dynamics of drug delivery to the healthy and diseased brain. J Control Release 2018; 273:108-130. [PMID: 29378233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a crucial role in maintaining brain homeostasis and transport of drugs to the brain. The conventional animal and Transwell BBB models along with emerging microfluidic-based BBB-on-chip systems have provided fundamental functionalities of the BBB and facilitated the testing of drug delivery to the brain tissue. However, developing biomimetic and predictive BBB models capable of reasonably mimicking essential characteristics of the BBB functions is still a challenge. In addition, detailed analysis of the dynamics of drug delivery to the healthy or diseased brain requires not only biomimetic BBB tissue models but also new systems capable of monitoring the BBB microenvironment and dynamics of barrier function and delivery mechanisms. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in microengineering of BBB models with different functional complexity and mimicking capability of healthy and diseased states. It also discusses new technologies that can make the next generation of biomimetic human BBBs containing integrated biosensors for real-time monitoring the tissue microenvironment and barrier function and correlating it with the dynamics of drug delivery. Such integrated system addresses important brain drug delivery questions related to the treatment of brain diseases. We further discuss how the combination of in vitro BBB systems, computational models and nanotechnology supports for characterization of the dynamics of drug delivery to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Pezeshgi Modarres
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Center for BioEngineering Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Mohsen Janmaleki
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Center for BioEngineering Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Mana Novin
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Center for BioEngineering Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - John Saliba
- Biomedical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Fatima El-Hajj
- Biomedical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Mahdi RezayatiCharan
- Breast Cancer Research Center (BCRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran; School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Seyfoori
- Breast Cancer Research Center (BCRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran; School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Sadabadi
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Center for BioEngineering Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Milène Vandal
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Cell Biology and Anatomy, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Minh Dang Nguyen
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Cell Biology and Anatomy, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Biomedical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Amir Sanati-Nezhad
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Center for BioEngineering Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
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68
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Multifunctional liposomes interact with Abeta in human biological fluids: Therapeutic implications for Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Int 2017; 108:60-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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69
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Chen L, Watson C, Morsch M, Cole NJ, Chung RS, Saunders DN, Yerbury JJ, Vine KL. Improving the Delivery of SOD1 Antisense Oligonucleotides to Motor Neurons Using Calcium Phosphate-Lipid Nanoparticles. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:476. [PMID: 28912673 PMCID: PMC5582160 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease affecting the upper and lower motor neurons in the motor cortex and spinal cord. Abnormal accumulation of mutant superoxide dismutase I (SOD1) in motor neurons is a pathological hallmark of some forms of the disease. We have shown that the orderly progression of the disease may be explained by misfolded SOD1 cell-to-cell propagation, which is reliant upon its active endogenous synthesis. Reducing the levels of SOD1 is therefore a promising therapeutic approach. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) can efficiently silence proteins with gain-of-function mutations. However, naked ASOs have a short circulation half-life and are unable to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) warranting the use of a drug carrier for effective delivery. In this study, calcium phosphate lipid coated nanoparticles (CaP-lipid NPs) were developed for delivery of SOD1 ASO to motor neurons. The most promising nanoparticle formulation (Ca/P ratio of 100:1), had a uniform spherical core-shell morphology with an average size of 30 nm, and surface charge (ζ-potential) of -4.86 mV. The encapsulation efficiency of ASO was 48% and stability studies found the particle to be stable over a period of 20 days. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the negatively charged ASO-loaded CaP-lipid NPs could effectively deliver SOD1-targeted ASO into a mouse motor neuron-like cell line (NSC-34) through endocytosis and significantly down-regulated SOD1 expression in HEK293 cells. The CaP-lipid NPs exhibited a pH-dependant dissociation, suggesting that that the acidification of lysosomes is the likely mechanism responsible for facilitating intracellular ASO release. To demonstrate tissue specific delivery and localization of these NPs we performed in vivo microinjections into zebrafish. Successful delivery of these NPs was confirmed for the zebrafish brain, the blood stream, and the spinal cord. These results suggest that CaP-lipid NPs could be an effective and safe delivery system for the improved delivery of SOD1 ASOs to motor neurons. Further in vivo evaluation in transgenic mouse models of SOD1 ALS are therefore warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyu Chen
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research InstituteWollongong, NSW, Australia
- Science Medicine and Health Faculty, Centre for Medical and Molecular Bioscience, School of Biological Sciences, University of WollongongWollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Clare Watson
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research InstituteWollongong, NSW, Australia
- Science Medicine and Health Faculty, Centre for Medical and Molecular Bioscience, School of Biological Sciences, University of WollongongWollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Marco Morsch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas J. Cole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Roger S. Chung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Darren N. Saunders
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Justin J. Yerbury
- Science Medicine and Health Faculty, Centre for Medical and Molecular Bioscience, School of Biological Sciences, University of WollongongWollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Kara L. Vine
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research InstituteWollongong, NSW, Australia
- Science Medicine and Health Faculty, Centre for Medical and Molecular Bioscience, School of Biological Sciences, University of WollongongWollongong, NSW, Australia
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70
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Kuo YC, Rajesh R. A critical overview of therapeutic strategy and advancement for Alzheimer's disease treatment. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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71
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Mancini S, Balducci C, Micotti E, Tolomeo D, Forloni G, Masserini M, Re F. Multifunctional liposomes delay phenotype progression and prevent memory impairment in a presymptomatic stage mouse model of Alzheimer disease. J Control Release 2017; 258:121-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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72
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Recent advancements in liposomes targeting strategies to cross blood-brain barrier (BBB) for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. J Control Release 2017; 260:61-77. [PMID: 28549949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this modern era, with the help of various advanced technologies, medical science has overcome most of the health-related issues successfully. Though, some diseases still remain unresolved due to various physiological barriers. One such condition is Alzheimer; a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive memory impairment, behavioral abnormalities, mood swing and disturbed routine activities of the person suffering from. It is well known to all that the brain is entirely covered by a protective layer commonly known as blood brain barrier (BBB) which is responsible to maintain the homeostasis of brain by restricting the entry of toxic substances, drug molecules, various proteins and peptides, small hydrophilic molecules, large lipophilic substances and so many other peripheral components to protect the brain from any harmful stimuli. This functionally essential structure creates a major hurdle for delivery of any drug into the brain. Still, there are some provisions on BBB which facilitate the entry of useful substances in the brain via specific mechanisms like passive diffusion, receptor-mediated transcytosis, carrier-mediated transcytosis etc. Another important factor for drug transport is the selection of a suitable drug delivery systems like, liposome, which is a novel drug carrier system offering a potential approach to resolving this problem. Its unique phospholipid bilayer structure (similar to physiological membrane) had made it more compatible with the lipoidal layer of BBB and helps the drug to enter the brain. The present review work focused on various surface modifications with functional ligand (like lactoferrin, transferrin etc.) and carrier molecules (such as glutathione, glucose etc.) on the liposomal structure to enhance its brain targeting ability towards the successful treatment of Alzheimer disease.
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73
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Applicability of [ 11C]PIB micro-PET imaging for in vivo follow-up of anti-amyloid treatment effects in APP23 mouse model. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 57:84-94. [PMID: 28605642 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the anti-amyloid effect of functionalized nanoliposomes (mApoE-PA-LIP) in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease with use of positron emission tomography and β-amyloid (Aβ)-targeted tracer [11C]Pittsburgh compound B ([11C]PIB). APP23 mice were injected with mApoE-PA-LIP or saline (3 times per week for 3 weeks) and [11C]PIB imaging was performed at baseline, after the treatment and after 3 months follow-up period, accompanied by Aβ immunohistochemistry and ELISA. After the treatment, [11C]PIB binding ratios between mApoE-PA-LIP and saline groups were equivalent in all analyzed brain regions; however, in the saline group, binding ratios increased from the baseline, whereas no increase was detected in the mApoE-PA-LIP group. During the additional follow-up, [11C]PIB binding increased significantly from baseline in both groups, and binding ratios correlated with the immunohistochemically defined Aβ load. This study further supports the use of [11C]PIB positron emission tomography imaging as a biomarker of Aβ deposition in APP23 mice and highlights the benefits of noninvasive follow-up, that is, using baseline data for animal stratification and normalization of treatment effects to baseline values, for future anti-amyloid treatment studies.
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74
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Papadia K, Giannou AD, Markoutsa E, Bigot C, Vanhoute G, Mourtas S, Van der Linded A, Stathopoulos GT, Antimisiaris SG. Multifunctional LUV liposomes decorated for BBB and amyloid targeting - B. In vivo brain targeting potential in wild-type and APP/PS1 mice. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 102:180-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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75
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ApoE-modified solid lipid nanoparticles: A feasible strategy to cross the blood-brain barrier. J Control Release 2017; 249:103-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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76
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Papadia K, Markoutsa E, Mourtas S, Giannou AD, La Ferla B, Nicotra F, Salmona M, Klepetsanis P, Stathopoulos GT, Antimisiaris SG. Multifunctional LUV liposomes decorated for BBB and amyloid targeting. A. In vitro proof-of-concept. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 101:140-148. [PMID: 28193538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional LUV liposomes (mf-LIPs) were developed, having a curcumin-lipid ligand (TREG) with affinity towards amyloid species, together with ligands to target the transferrin and the LDL receptors of the blood-brain-barrier (BBB), on their surface. mf-LIPs were evaluated for their brain targeting, on hCMEC/D3 monolayers, and for their ability to inhibit Aβ-peptide aggregation. The transport of mf-LIP across hCMEC/D3 monolayers was similar to that of BBB-LIPs, indicating that the presence of TREG on their surface does not reduce their brain targeting potential. Likewise, mf-LIP inhibitory effect on Aβ aggregation was similar to that of LIPs functionalized only with TREG, proving that the presence of brain targeting ligands does not reduce the functionality of the amyloid-specific ligand. Addition of the curcumin-lipid in some liposome types was found to enhance their integrity and reduce the effect of serum proteins on their interaction with brain endothelial cells. Finally, preliminary in vivo results confirm the in vitro findings. Concluding, the current results reveal the potential of the specific curcumin-lipid derivative as a component of multifunctional LIPs with efficient brain targeting capability, intended to act as a theragnostic system for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Papadia
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Rio 26510, Greece
| | - Eleni Markoutsa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Rio 26510, Greece
| | - Spyridon Mourtas
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Rio 26510, Greece
| | - Anastassios D Giannou
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio 26504, Greece
| | - Barabara La Ferla
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dellaScienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Fransesco Nicotra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dellaScienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Salmona
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Istituto di RicercheFarmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Pavlos Klepetsanis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Rio 26510, Greece; Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, FORTH/ICE-HT, Rio 26504, Greece
| | - Georgios T Stathopoulos
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio 26504, Greece; Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Institute for Lung Biology and Disease (iLBD), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Helmholtz Zentrum München (DZL), Munich, Bavaria 81377, Germany
| | - Sophia G Antimisiaris
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Rio 26510, Greece; Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, FORTH/ICE-HT, Rio 26504, Greece.
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Gregori M, Taylor M, Salvati E, Re F, Mancini S, Balducci C, Forloni G, Zambelli V, Sesana S, Michael M, Michail C, Tinker-Mill C, Kolosov O, Sherer M, Harris S, Fullwood NJ, Masserini M, Allsop D. Retro-inverso peptide inhibitor nanoparticles as potent inhibitors of aggregation of the Alzheimer's Aβ peptide. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:723-732. [PMID: 27769888 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) is a key event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated the effects of nanoliposomes decorated with the retro-inverso peptide RI-OR2-TAT (Ac-rGffvlkGrrrrqrrkkrGy-NH2) on the aggregation and toxicity of Aβ. Remarkably low concentrations of these peptide inhibitor nanoparticles (PINPs) were required to inhibit the formation of Aβ oligomers and fibrils in vitro, with 50% inhibition occurring at a molar ratio of ~1:2000 of liposome-bound RI-OR2-TAT to Aβ. PINPs also bound to Aβ with high affinity (Kd=13.2-50 nM), rescued SHSY-5Y cells from the toxic effect of pre-aggregated Aβ, crossed an in vitro blood-brain barrier model (hCMEC/D3 cell monolayer), entered the brains of C57 BL/6 mice, and protected against memory loss in APPSWE transgenic mice in a novel object recognition test. As the most potent aggregation inhibitor that we have tested so far, we propose to develop PINPs as a potential disease-modifying treatment for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gregori
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB and School of Medicine and Surgery, Monza, (MB), Italy
| | - Mark Taylor
- University of Lancaster, Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster, UK
| | - Elisa Salvati
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB and School of Medicine and Surgery, Monza, (MB), Italy
| | - Francesca Re
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB and School of Medicine and Surgery, Monza, (MB), Italy
| | - Simona Mancini
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB and School of Medicine and Surgery, Monza, (MB), Italy
| | - Claudia Balducci
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico/Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Forloni
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico/Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Vanessa Zambelli
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB and School of Medicine and Surgery, Monza, (MB), Italy
| | - Silvia Sesana
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB and School of Medicine and Surgery, Monza, (MB), Italy
| | - Maria Michael
- University of Lancaster, Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster, UK
| | - Christos Michail
- University of Lancaster, Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster, UK
| | - Claire Tinker-Mill
- University of Lancaster, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Lancaster, UK
| | - Oleg Kolosov
- University of Lancaster, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Lancaster, UK
| | - Michael Sherer
- University of Lancaster, Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster, UK
| | - Stephen Harris
- Quotient Bioresearch (Rushden) Ltd, Rushden, Northamptonshire, UK
| | - Nigel J Fullwood
- University of Lancaster, Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster, UK
| | - Massimo Masserini
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB and School of Medicine and Surgery, Monza, (MB), Italy
| | - David Allsop
- University of Lancaster, Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster, UK.
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Shabanpoor F, Hammond SM, Abendroth F, Hazell G, Wood MJA, Gait MJ. Identification of a Peptide for Systemic Brain Delivery of a Morpholino Oligonucleotide in Mouse Models of Spinal Muscular Atrophy. Nucleic Acid Ther 2017; 27:130-143. [PMID: 28118087 PMCID: PMC5467147 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2016.0652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Splice-switching antisense oligonucleotides are emerging treatments for neuromuscular diseases, with several splice-switching oligonucleotides (SSOs) currently undergoing clinical trials such as for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). However, the development of systemically delivered antisense therapeutics has been hampered by poor tissue penetration and cellular uptake, including crossing of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) to reach targets in the central nervous system (CNS). For SMA application, we have investigated the ability of various BBB-crossing peptides for CNS delivery of a splice-switching phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligonucleotide (PMO) targeting survival motor neuron 2 (SMN2) exon 7 inclusion. We identified a branched derivative of the well-known ApoE (141–150) peptide, which as a PMO conjugate was capable of exon inclusion in the CNS following systemic administration, leading to an increase in the level of full-length SMN2 transcript. Treatment of newborn SMA mice with this peptide-PMO (P-PMO) conjugate resulted in a significant increase in the average lifespan and gains in weight, muscle strength, and righting reflexes. Systemic treatment of adult SMA mice with this newly identified P-PMO also resulted in small but significant increases in the levels of SMN2 pre-messenger RNA (mRNA) exon inclusion in the CNS and peripheral tissues. This work provides proof of principle for the ability to select new peptide paradigms to enhance CNS delivery and activity of a PMO SSO through use of a peptide-based delivery platform for the treatment of SMA potentially extending to other neuromuscular and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazel Shabanpoor
- 1 Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology , Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Suzan M Hammond
- 2 Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Abendroth
- 1 Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology , Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Hazell
- 2 Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J A Wood
- 2 Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Gait
- 1 Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology , Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Mignani S, Bryszewska M, Zablocka M, Klajnert-Maculewicz B, Cladera J, Shcharbin D, Majoral JP. Can dendrimer based nanoparticles fight neurodegenerative diseases? Current situation versus other established approaches. Prog Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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80
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Portioli C, Bovi M, Benati D, Donini M, Perduca M, Romeo A, Dusi S, Monaco HL, Bentivoglio M. Novel functionalization strategies of polymeric nanoparticles as carriers for brain medications. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 105:847-858. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Portioli
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences; University of Verona; Verona Italy
| | - Michele Bovi
- Department of Biotechnology; University of Verona; Verona Italy
| | - Donatella Benati
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences; University of Verona; Verona Italy
| | - Marta Donini
- Department of Medicine; University of Verona; Verona Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Romeo
- Department of Computer Science; University of Verona; Verona Italy
| | - Stefano Dusi
- Department of Medicine; University of Verona; Verona Italy
| | - Hugo L. Monaco
- Department of Biotechnology; University of Verona; Verona Italy
| | - Marina Bentivoglio
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences; University of Verona; Verona Italy
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81
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Nanoformulated Antiretrovirals for Penetration of the Central Nervous System: State of the Art. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2016; 12:17-30. [PMID: 27832401 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-016-9716-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The central nervous system is a very challenging HIV-1 sanctuary. But, despite complete suppression of plasmatic viral replication with current antiretroviral therapy, signs of HIV-1 replication can still be found in the cerebrospinal fluid in some patients. The main limitation to achieving HIV-1 eradication from the brain is related to the suboptimal concentrations of antiretrovirals within this site, due to their low permeation across the blood-brain barrier. In recent years, a number of reliable nanotechnological strategies have been developed with the aim of enhancing antiretroviral drug penetration across the blood-brain barrier. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the different nanoformulated antiretrovirals, used in both clinical and preclinical studies, that are designed to improve their delivery into the brain by active or passive permeation mechanisms through the barrier. Different nanotechnological approaches have proven successful for optimizing antiretrovirals delivery to the central nervous system, with a likely benefit for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders and a more debated contribution to the complete eradication of the HIV-1 infection.
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82
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Concepts, technologies, and practices for drug delivery past the blood–brain barrier to the central nervous system. J Control Release 2016; 240:251-266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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83
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Banerjee J, Shi Y, Azevedo HS. In vitro blood–brain barrier models for drug research: state-of-the-art and new perspectives on reconstituting these models on artificial basement membrane platforms. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1367-1386. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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84
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Gao H. Progress and perspectives on targeting nanoparticles for brain drug delivery. Acta Pharm Sin B 2016; 6:268-86. [PMID: 27471668 PMCID: PMC4951594 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the ability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to prevent the entry of drugs into the brain, it is a challenge to treat central nervous system disorders pharmacologically. The development of nanotechnology provides potential to overcome this problem. In this review, the barriers to brain-targeted drug delivery are reviewed, including the BBB, blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB), and nose-to-brain barrier. Delivery strategies are focused on overcoming the BBB, directly targeting diseased cells in the brain, and dual-targeted delivery. The major concerns and perspectives on constructing brain-targeted delivery systems are discussed.
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85
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Aparicio-Blanco J, Martín-Sabroso C, Torres-Suárez AI. In vitro screening of nanomedicines through the blood brain barrier: A critical review. Biomaterials 2016; 103:229-255. [PMID: 27392291 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier accounts for the high attrition rate of the treatments of most brain disorders, which therefore remain one of the greatest health-care challenges of the twenty first century. Against this background of hindrance to brain delivery, nanomedicine takes advantage of the assembly at the nanoscale of available biomaterials to provide a delivery platform with potential to raising brain levels of either imaging or therapeutic agents. Nevertheless, to prevent later failure due to ineffective drug levels at the target site, researchers have been endeavoring to develop a battery of in vitro screening procedures that can predict earlier in the drug discovery process the ability of these cutting-edge drug delivery platforms to cross the blood-brain barrier for biomedical purposes. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the currently available in vitro blood-brain barrier models (both cell-based and non-cell-based) with the focus on their suitability for understanding the biological brain distribution of forthcoming nanomedicines. The relationship between experimental factors and underlying physiological assumptions that would ultimately lead to a more predictive capacity of their in vivo performance, and those methods already assayed for the evaluation of the brain distribution of nanomedicines are comprehensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Aparicio-Blanco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Martín-Sabroso
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana-Isabel Torres-Suárez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain; University Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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86
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Nardo L, Re F, Brioschi S, Cazzaniga E, Orlando A, Minniti S, Lamperti M, Gregori M, Cassina V, Brogioli D, Salerno D, Mantegazza F. Fluorimetric detection of the earliest events in amyloid β oligomerization and its inhibition by pharmacologically active liposomes. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:746-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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87
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The “fate” of polymeric and lipid nanoparticles for brain delivery and targeting: Strategies and mechanism of blood–brain barrier crossing and trafficking into the central nervous system. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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88
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Rokka J, Snellman A, Kaasalainen M, Salonen J, Zona C, La Ferla B, Nicotra F, Re F, Masserini M, Forsback S, Lopez-Picon F, Rinne JO, Haaparanta-Solin M, Solin O. (18)F-labeling syntheses and preclinical evaluation of functionalized nanoliposomes for Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 88:257-66. [PMID: 26993963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to synthesize functionalized (18)F-labeled NLs ((18)F-NLs) and evaluate their biological behavior in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) using positron emission tomography (PET) and ex vivo brain autoradiography. (18)F-fluorine was introduced to (18)F-NLs either by using a core forming (18)F-lipid or by encapsulating a (18)F-tracer, (18)F-treg-curcumin inside the NLs. Phosphatidic acid (PA) and curcumin derivative (Curc) functionalized (18)F-NLs with or without additional mApoE functionalization were produced using thin film hydration. The biodistribution and β-amyloid plaque-binding ability of (18)F-NLs were studied in wild type mice and AD mouse models using in vivo PET imaging and ex vivo brain autoradiography at 60min after (18)F-NL injection. Functionalized (18)F-NLs were successfully synthesized. The preclinical evaluation in mice showed that the functional group affected the biodistribution of (18)F-NLs. Further functionalization with mApoE increased the brain-to-blood ratio of (18)F-NLs but the overall brain uptake remained low with all functionalized (18)F-NLs. The liposomal encapsulation of (18)F-treg-curcumin was not successful and preclinical results of encapsulated (18)F-treg-curcumin and plain (18)F-treg-curcumin were identical. Although the studied functionalized (18)F-NLs were not suitable for PET imaging as such, the synthesis techniques introduced in this study can be utilized to modify the biological behavior of (18)F-labeled NLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Rokka
- Turku PET Centre, Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Anniina Snellman
- Turku PET Centre, Preclinical Imaging, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Jarno Salonen
- Laboratory of Industrial Physics, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Cristiano Zona
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Barbara La Ferla
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Nicotra
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Re
- Department of Health Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Massimo Masserini
- Department of Health Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Sarita Forsback
- Turku PET Centre, Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Francisco Lopez-Picon
- Turku PET Centre, Preclinical Imaging, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha O Rinne
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Merja Haaparanta-Solin
- Turku PET Centre, Preclinical Imaging, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olof Solin
- Turku PET Centre, Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, Accelerator Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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89
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Nanocarriers for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme: Current state-of-the-art. J Control Release 2016; 227:23-37. [PMID: 26892752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme, a grade IV glioma, is the most frequently occurring and invasive primary tumor of the central nervous system, which causes about 4% of cancer-associated-deaths, making it one of the most fatal cancers. With present treatments, using state-of-the-art technologies, the median survival is about 14 months and 2 year survival rate is merely 3-5%. Hence, novel therapeutic approaches are urgently necessary. However, most drug molecules are not able to cross the blood-brain barrier, which is one of the major difficulties in glioblastoma treatment. This review describes the features of blood-brain barrier, and its anatomical changes with different stages of tumor growth. Moreover, various strategies to improve brain drug delivery i.e. tight junction opening, chemical modification of the drug, efflux transporter inhibition, convection-enhanced delivery, craniotomy-based drug delivery and drug delivery nanosystems are discussed. Nanocarriers are one of the highly potential drug transport systems that have gained huge research focus over the last few decades for site specific drug delivery, including drug delivery to the brain. Properly designed nanocolloids are capable to cross the blood-brain barrier and specifically deliver the drug in the brain tumor tissue. They can carry both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, protect them from degradation, release the drug for sustained period, significantly improve the plasma circulation half-life and reduce toxic effects. Among various nanocarriers, liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles and lipid nanocapsules are the most widely studied, and are discussed in this review. For each type of nanocarrier, a general discussion describing their composition, characteristics, types and various uses is followed by their specific application to glioblastoma treatment. Moreover, some of the main challenges regarding toxicity and standardized evaluation techniques are narrated in brief.
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90
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Mehanny M, Hathout RM, Geneidi AS, Mansour S. Exploring the use of nanocarrier systems to deliver the magical molecule; Curcumin and its derivatives. J Control Release 2016; 225:1-30. [PMID: 26778694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin and its derivatives; curcuminoids have been proven as potential remedies in different diseases. However, their delivery carries several challenges owing to their poor aqueous solubility, photodegradation, chemical instability, poor bioavailability and rapid metabolism. This review explores and criticizes the numerous attempts that were adopted through the years to entrap/encapsulate this valuable drug in nanocarriers aiming to reach its most appropriate and successful delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Mehanny
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania M Hathout
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed S Geneidi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samar Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Egypt.
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91
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Pandey PK, Sharma AK, Gupta U. Blood brain barrier: An overview on strategies in drug delivery, realistic in vitro modeling and in vivo live tracking. Tissue Barriers 2016; 4:e1129476. [PMID: 27141418 PMCID: PMC4836458 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2015.1129476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood brain barrier (BBB) is a group of astrocytes, neurons and endothelial cells, which makes restricted passage of various biological or chemical entities to the brain tissue. It gives protection to brain at one hand, but at the other hand it has very selective permeability for bio-actives and other foreign materials and is one of the major challenges for the drug delivery. Nanocarriers are promising to cross BBB utilizing alternative route of administration such as intranasal and intra-carotid drug delivery which bypasses BBB. In future more optimized drug delivery system can be achieved by compiling the best routes with the best carriers. Single photon emission tomography (SPECT) and different brain-on-a-chip in vitro models are being very reliable to study live in vivo tracking of BBB and its pathophysiology, respectively. In the current review we have tried to exploit mechanistically all these to understand and manage the various BBB disruptions in diseased condition along with crossing the hurdles occurring in drug or gene delivery across BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar Pandey
- Department of Pharmacy; School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan; Ajmer; Rajasthan, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy; School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan; Ajmer; Rajasthan, India
| | - Umesh Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy; School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan; Ajmer; Rajasthan, India
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92
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Mancini S, Minniti S, Gregori M, Sancini G, Cagnotto A, Couraud PO, Ordóñez-Gutiérrez L, Wandosell F, Salmona M, Re F. The hunt for brain Aβ oligomers by peripherally circulating multi-functional nanoparticles: Potential therapeutic approach for Alzheimer disease. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 12:43-52. [PMID: 26410276 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed the ability of liposomes bi-functionalized with phosphatidic acid and an ApoE-derived peptide (mApoE-PA-LIP) to reduce brain Aβ in transgenic Alzheimer mice. Herein we investigated the efficacy of mApoE-PA-LIP to withdraw Aβ peptide in different aggregation forms from the brain, using a transwell cellular model of the blood-brain barrier and APP/PS1 mice. The spontaneous efflux of Aβ oligomers (Aβo), but not of Aβ fibrils, from the 'brain' side of the transwell was strongly enhanced (5-fold) in presence of mApoE-PA-LIP in the 'blood' compartment. This effect is due to a withdrawal of Aβo exerted by peripheral mApoE-PA-LIP by sink effect, because, when present in the brain side, they did not act as Aβo carrier and limit the oligomer efflux. In vivo peripheral administration of mApoE-PA-LIP significantly increased the plasma Aβ level, suggesting that Aβ-binding particles exploiting the sink effect can be used as a therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer disease. From the Clinical Editor: Alzheimer disease (AD) at present is an incurable disease, which is thought to be caused by an accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in the brain. Many strategies in combating this disease have been focused on either the prevention or dissolving these peptides. In this article, the authors showed the ability of liposomes bi-functionalized with phosphatidic acid and with an ApoE- derived peptide to withdraw amyloid peptides from the brain. The data would help the future design of more novel treatment for Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Mancini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza MB, Italy.
| | - Stefania Minniti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza MB, Italy.
| | - Maria Gregori
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza MB, Italy.
| | - Giulio Sancini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza MB, Italy.
| | - Alfredo Cagnotto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano, Italy.
| | | | - Lara Ordóñez-Gutiérrez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Centro de Biologia MoLecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM) C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisco Wandosell
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Centro de Biologia MoLecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM) C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mario Salmona
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano, Italy.
| | - Francesca Re
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza MB, Italy.
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93
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Yallapu MM, Nagesh PKB, Jaggi M, Chauhan SC. Therapeutic Applications of Curcumin Nanoformulations. AAPS JOURNAL 2015; 17:1341-56. [PMID: 26335307 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-015-9811-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is a bioactive and major phenolic component of turmeric derived from the rhizomes of curcuma longa linn. For centuries, curcumin has exhibited excellent therapeutic benefits in various diseases. Owing to its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, curcumin plays a significant beneficial and pleiotropic regulatory role in various pathological conditions including cancer, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, inflammatory disorders, neurological disorders, and so on. Despite such phenomenal advances in medicinal applications, the clinical implication of native curcumin is hindered due to low solubility, physico-chemical instability, poor bioavailability, rapid metabolism, and poor pharmacokinetics. However, these issues can be overcome by utilizing an efficient delivery system. Active scientific research was initiated in 2005 to improve curcumin's pharmacokinetics, systemic bioavailability, and biological activity by encapsulating or by loading curcumin into nanoform(s) (nanoformulations). A significant number of nanoformulations exist that can be translated toward medicinal use upon successful completion of pre-clinical and human clinical trials. Considering this perspective, current review provides an overview of an efficient curcumin nanoformulation for a targeted therapeutic option for various human diseases. In this review article, we discuss the clinical evidence, current status, and future opportunities of curcumin nanoformulation(s) in the field of medicine. In addition, this review presents a concise summary of the actions required to develop curcumin nanoformulations as pharmaceutical or nutraceutical candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali M Yallapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, 38163, USA.
| | - Prashanth K Bhusetty Nagesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, 38163, USA
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, 38163, USA
| | - Subhash C Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, 38163, USA.
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94
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Liu D, Auguste DT. Cancer targeted therapeutics: From molecules to drug delivery vehicles. J Control Release 2015; 219:632-643. [PMID: 26342659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pitfall of all chemotherapeutics lies in drug resistance and the severe side effects experienced by patients. One way to reduce the off-target effects of chemotherapy on healthy tissues is to alter the biodistribution of drug. This can be achieved in two ways: Passive targeting utilizes shape, size, and surface chemistry to increase particle circulation and tumor accumulation. Active targeting employs either chemical moieties (e.g. peptides, sugars, aptamers, antibodies) to selectively bind to cell membranes or responsive elements (e.g. ultrasound, magnetism, light) to deliver its cargo within a local region. This article will focus on the systemic administration of anti-cancer agents and their ability to home to tumors and, if relevant, distant metastatic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxing Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, United States
| | - Debra T Auguste
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, United States.
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95
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Gregori M, Bertani D, Cazzaniga E, Orlando A, Mauri M, Bianchi A, Re F, Sesana S, Minniti S, Francolini M, Cagnotto A, Salmona M, Nardo L, Salerno D, Mantegazza F, Masserini M, Simonutti R. Investigation of Functionalized Poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide)-block-polystyrene Nanoparticles As Novel Drug Delivery System to Overcome the Blood-Brain Barrier In Vitro. Macromol Biosci 2015. [PMID: 26198385 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the search of new drug delivery carriers for the brain, self-assembled nanoparticles (NP) were prepared from poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide)-block-polystyrene polymer. NP displayed biocompatibility on cultured endothelial cells, macrophages and differentiated SH-SY5Y neuronal-like cells. The surface-functionalization of NP with a modified fragment of human Apolipoprotein E (mApoE) enhanced the uptake of NP by cultured human brain capillary endothelial cells, as assessed by confocal microscopy, and their permeability through a Transwell Blood Brain Barrier model made with the same cells, as assessed by fluorescence. Finally, mApoE-NP embedding doxorubicin displayed an enhanced release of drug at low pH, suggesting the potential use of these NP for the treatment of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gregori
- Department of Health Sciences, Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy.
| | - Daniela Bertani
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Roberto Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - Emanuela Cazzaniga
- Department of Health Sciences, Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Antonina Orlando
- Department of Health Sciences, Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Michele Mauri
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Roberto Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Bianchi
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Roberto Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Re
- Department of Health Sciences, Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Silvia Sesana
- Department of Health Sciences, Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Stefania Minniti
- Department of Health Sciences, Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Maura Francolini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano and Fondazione Filarete, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129, Milano, Italy
| | - Alfredo Cagnotto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, IRCCS Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Via La Masa 19, 20156, Milano, Italy
| | - Mario Salmona
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, IRCCS Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Via La Masa 19, 20156, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Nardo
- Department of Health Sciences, Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Domenico Salerno
- Department of Health Sciences, Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Francesco Mantegazza
- Department of Health Sciences, Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Massimo Masserini
- Department of Health Sciences, Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | - Roberto Simonutti
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Roberto Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
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96
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Gregori M, Masserini M, Mancini S. Nanomedicine for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:1203-18. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease affects more than 35 million people worldwide and this number is presumed to double by the year 2050. Currently, there is no efficient therapy for this disorder but a promising approach is represented by nanotechnology, easily multifunctionalizable devices with size in the order of billionth of meter. This review provides a concise survey on the nano-based strategies for Alzheimer's disease treatment, aiming at carrying drugs across the blood–brain barrier, in particular to target the metabolism of β-amyloid peptide, a pivotal player in this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gregori
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Massimo Masserini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Simona Mancini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
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97
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Multifunctional liposomes reduce brain β-amyloid burden and ameliorate memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease mouse models. J Neurosci 2015; 34:14022-31. [PMID: 25319699 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0284-14.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the accumulation and deposition of plaques of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide in the brain. Given its pivotal role, new therapies targeting Aβ are in demand. We rationally designed liposomes targeting the brain and promoting the disaggregation of Aβ assemblies and evaluated their efficiency in reducing the Aβ burden in Alzheimer's disease mouse models. Liposomes were bifunctionalized with a peptide derived from the apolipoprotein-E receptor-binding domain for blood-brain barrier targeting and with phosphatidic acid for Aβ binding. Bifunctionalized liposomes display the unique ability to hinder the formation of, and disaggregate, Aβ assemblies in vitro (EM experiments). Administration of bifunctionalized liposomes to APP/presenilin 1 transgenic mice (aged 10 months) for 3 weeks (three injections per week) decreased total brain-insoluble Aβ1-42 (-33%), assessed by ELISA, and the number and total area of plaques (-34%) detected histologically. Also, brain Aβ oligomers were reduced (-70.5%), as assessed by SDS-PAGE. Plaque reduction was confirmed in APP23 transgenic mice (aged 15 months) either histologically or by PET imaging with [(11)C]Pittsburgh compound B (PIB). The reduction of brain Aβ was associated with its increase in liver (+18%) and spleen (+20%). Notably, the novel-object recognition test showed that the treatment ameliorated mouse impaired memory. Finally, liposomes reached the brain in an intact form, as determined by confocal microscopy experiments with fluorescently labeled liposomes. These data suggest that bifunctionalized liposomes destabilize brain Aβ aggregates and promote peptide removal across the blood-brain barrier and its peripheral clearance. This all-in-one multitask therapeutic device can be considered as a candidate for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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98
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Cheikh-Ali Z, Caron J, Cojean S, Bories C, Couvreur P, Loiseau PM, Desmaële D, Poupon E, Champy P. "Squalenoylcurcumin" nanoassemblies as water-dispersible drug candidates with antileishmanial activity. ChemMedChem 2014; 10:411-8. [PMID: 25523035 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound, showed antiparasitic potential, including trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activity, in several in vitro and in vivo models. The molecule is well tolerated in humans. However, it is insoluble in water and displays poor oral bioavailability as a result of low absorption. New derivatives of curcumin were prepared by esterification of one or two of its phenolic groups with 1,1',2-tris-norsqualenic acid. These "squalenoylcurcumins" were formulated as water-dispersible nanoassemblies of homogeneous size, and they proved to be stable. Squalenoylcurcumins were inactive against Trypanosoma brucei brucei trypomastigotes, even as nanoassemblies, in contrast with curcumin. However, against Leishmania donovani promastigotes, the activities of the squalenoylcurcumins and their nanoassemblies were enhanced relative to that of curcumin. In L. donovani axenic and intramacrophagic amastigotes, they showed activity in the range of miltefosine, with good selectivity indexes. In regard to their dispersibility in water and to the safety of curcumin, these nanoassemblies are promising candidates for preclinical study toward the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Cheikh-Ali
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, CNRS UMR 8076 BioCIS, LabEX LERMIT, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry (France)
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99
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Nanoparticles and the blood-brain barrier: advancing from in-vitro models towards therapeutic significance. Pharm Res 2014; 32:1161-85. [PMID: 25446769 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1545-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier is a unique cell-based restrictive barrier that prevents the entry of many substances, including most therapeutics, into the central nervous system. A wide range of nanoparticulate delivery systems have been investigated with the aim of targeting therapeutics (drugs, nucleic acids, proteins) to the brain following administration by various routes. This review provides a comprehensive description of the design and formulation of these nanoparticles including the rationale behind individual approaches. In addition, the ability of currently available in-vitro BBB models to accurately predict the in-vivo performance of targeted nanoparticles is critically assessed.
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100
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O'Donovan L, Okamoto I, Arzumanov AA, Williams DL, Deuss P, Gait MJ. Parallel synthesis of cell-penetrating peptide conjugates of PMO toward exon skipping enhancement in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Nucleic Acid Ther 2014; 25:1-10. [PMID: 25412073 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2014.0512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe two new methods of parallel chemical synthesis of libraries of peptide conjugates of phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligonucleotide (PMO) cargoes on a scale suitable for cell screening prior to in vivo analysis for therapeutic development. The methods represent an extension of the SELection of PEPtide CONjugates (SELPEPCON) approach previously developed for parallel peptide-peptide nucleic acid (PNA) synthesis. However, these new methods allow for the utilization of commercial PMO as cargo with both C- and N-termini unfunctionalized. The synthetic methods involve conjugation in solution phase, followed by rapid purification via biotin-streptavidin immobilization and subsequent reductive release into solution, avoiding the need for painstaking high-performance liquid chromatography purifications. The synthesis methods were applied for screening of PMO conjugates of a 16-member library of variants of a 10-residue ApoE peptide, which was suggested for blood-brain barrier crossing. In this work the conjugate library was tested in an exon skipping assay using skeletal mouse mdx cells, a model of Duchene's muscular dystrophy where higher activity peptide-PMO conjugates were identified compared with the starting peptide-PMO. The results demonstrate the power of the parallel synthesis methods for increasing the speed of optimization of peptide sequences in conjugates of PMO for therapeutic screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liz O'Donovan
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology , Cambridge, United Kingdom
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