51
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Frewen P, Schroeter ML, Riva G, Cipresso P, Fairfield B, Padulo C, Kemp AH, Palaniyappan L, Owolabi M, Kusi-Mensah K, Polyakova M, Fehertoi N, D’Andrea W, Lowe L, Northoff G. Neuroimaging the consciousness of self: Review, and conceptual-methodological framework. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 112:164-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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52
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Chase HW, Grace AA, Fox PT, Phillips ML, Eickhoff SB. Functional differentiation in the human ventromedial frontal lobe: A data-driven parcellation. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:3266-3283. [PMID: 32314470 PMCID: PMC7375078 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventromedial regions of the frontal lobe (vmFL) are thought to play a key role in decision-making and emotional regulation. However, aspects of this area's functional organization, including the presence of a multiple subregions, their functional and anatomical connectivity, and the cross-species homologies of these subregions with those of other species, remain poorly understood. To address this uncertainty, we employed a two-stage parcellation of the region to identify six distinct structures within the region on the basis of data-driven classification of functional connectivity patterns obtained using the meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM) approach. From anterior to posterior, the derived subregions included two lateralized posterior regions, an intermediate posterior region, a dorsal and ventral central region, and a single anterior region. The regions were characterized further by functional connectivity derived using resting-state fMRI and functional decoding using the Brain Map database. In general, the regions could be differentiated on the basis of different patterns of functional connectivity with canonical "default mode network" regions and/or subcortical regions such as the striatum. Together, the findings suggest the presence of functionally distinct neural structures within vmFL, consistent with data from experimental animals as well prior demonstrations of anatomical differences within the region. Detailed correspondence with the anterior cingulate, medial orbitofrontal cortex, and rostroventral prefrontal cortex, as well as specific animal homologs are discussed. The findings may suggest future directions for resolving potential functional and structural correspondence of subregions within the frontal lobe across behavioral contexts, and across mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry W Chase
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anthony A Grace
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peter T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Research and Development Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Mary L Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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53
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Khan W, Amad A, Giampietro V, Werden E, De Simoni S, O'Muircheartaigh J, Westman E, O'Daly O, Williams SCR, Brodtmann A. The heterogeneous functional architecture of the posteromedial cortex is associated with selective functional connectivity differences in Alzheimer's disease. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:1557-1572. [PMID: 31854490 PMCID: PMC7268042 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The posteromedial cortex (PMC) is a key region involved in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous studies have demonstrated a heterogenous functional architecture of the region that is composed of discrete functional modules reflecting a complex pattern of functional connectivity. However, little is understood about the mechanisms underpinning this complex network architecture in neurodegenerative disease, and the differential vulnerability of connectivity-based subdivisions in the PMC to AD pathogenesis. Using a data-driven approach, we applied a constrained independent component analysis (ICA) on healthy adults from the Human Connectome Project to characterise the local functional connectivity patterns within the PMC, and its unique whole-brain functional connectivity. These distinct connectivity profiles were subsequently quantified in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study, to examine functional connectivity differences in AD patients and cognitively normal (CN) participants, as well as the entire AD pathological spectrum. Our findings revealed decreased functional connectivity in the anterior precuneus, dorsal posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and the central precuneus in AD patients compared to CN participants. Functional abnormalities in the dorsal PCC and central precuneus were also related to amyloid burden and volumetric hippocampal loss. Across the entire AD spectrum, functional connectivity of the central precuneus was associated with disease severity and specific deficits in memory and executive function. These findings provide new evidence showing that the PMC is selectively impacted in AD, with prominent network failures of the dorsal PCC and central precuneus underpinning the neurodegenerative and cognitive dysfunctions associated with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasim Khan
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of NeuroimagingInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Ali Amad
- Department of NeuroimagingInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College LondonLondonUK
- Univ Lille Nord de France, CHRU de LilleLilleFrance
| | - Vincent Giampietro
- Department of NeuroimagingInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Emilio Werden
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Sara De Simoni
- Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging LaboratoryImperial College London, Division of Brain Sciences, Hammersmith HospitalLondonUK
| | - Jonathan O'Muircheartaigh
- Department of NeuroimagingInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental SciencesInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Perinatal Imaging and HealthSt. Thomas' Hospital, King's College LondonLondonUK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental DisordersKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Eric Westman
- Department of NeuroimagingInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College LondonLondonUK
- Department of NeurobiologyCare Sciences and Society, Karolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Owen O'Daly
- Department of NeuroimagingInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Steve C. R. Williams
- Department of NeuroimagingInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College LondonLondonUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental HealthKing's College LondonLondonUK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Unit for DementiaKing's College LondonLondonUK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental DisordersKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Amy Brodtmann
- Austin Health, HeidelbergMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Eastern Clinical Research UnitMonash University, Box Hill HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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54
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Zhang W, Llera A, Hashemi MM, Kaldewaij R, Koch SBJ, Beckmann CF, Klumpers F, Roelofs K. Discriminating stress from rest based on resting-state connectivity of the human brain: A supervised machine learning study. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:3089-3099. [PMID: 32293072 PMCID: PMC7336146 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute stress induces large-scale neural reorganization with relevance to stress-related psychopathology. Here, we applied a novel supervised machine learning method, combining the strengths of a priori theoretical insights with a data-driven approach, to identify which connectivity changes are most prominently associated with a state of acute stress and individual differences therein. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were taken from 334 healthy participants (79 females) before and after a formal stress induction. For each individual scan, mean time-series were extracted from 46 functional parcels of three major brain networks previously shown to be potentially sensitive to stress effects (default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), and executive control networks). A data-driven approach was then used to obtain discriminative spatial linear filters that classified the pre- and post-stress scans. To assess potential relevance for understanding individual differences, probability of classification using the most discriminative filters was linked to individual cortisol stress responses. Our model correctly classified pre- versus post-stress states with highly significant accuracy (above 75%; leave-one-out validation relative to chance performance). Discrimination between pre- and post-stress states was mainly based on connectivity changes in regions from the SN and DMN, including the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala, posterior cingulate cortex, and precuneus. Interestingly, the probability of classification using these connectivity changes were associated with individual cortisol increases. Our results confirm the involvement of DMN and SN using a data-driven approach, and specifically single out key regions that might receive additional attention in future studies for their relevance also for individual differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Donders Institute, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alberto Llera
- Donders Institute, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mahur M Hashemi
- Donders Institute, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Reinoud Kaldewaij
- Donders Institute, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia B J Koch
- Donders Institute, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian F Beckmann
- Donders Institute, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Floris Klumpers
- Donders Institute, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Roelofs
- Donders Institute, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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55
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Reuter N, Genon S, Kharabian Masouleh S, Hoffstaedter F, Liu X, Kalenscher T, Eickhoff SB, Patil KR. CBPtools: a Python package for regional connectivity-based parcellation. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:1261-1275. [PMID: 32144496 PMCID: PMC7271019 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02046-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Regional connectivity-based parcellation (rCBP) is a widely used procedure for investigating the structural and functional differentiation within a region of interest (ROI) based on its long-range connectivity. No standardized software or guidelines currently exist for applying rCBP, making the method only accessible to those who develop their own tools. As such, there exists a discrepancy between the laboratories applying the procedure each with their own software solutions, making it difficult to compare and interpret the results. Here, we outline an rCBP procedure accompanied by an open source software package called CBPtools. CBPtools is a Python (version 3.5+) package that allows users to run an extensively evaluated rCBP analysis workflow on a given ROI. It currently supports two modalities: resting-state functional connectivity and structural connectivity based on diffusion-weighted imaging, along with support for custom connectivity matrices. Analysis parameters are customizable and the workflow can be scaled to a large number of subjects using a parallel processing environment. Parcellation results with corresponding validity metrics are provided as textual and graphical output. Thus, CBPtools provides a simple plug-and-play, yet customizable way to conduct rCBP analyses. By providing an open-source software we hope to promote reproducible and comparable rCBP analyses and, importantly, make the rCBP procedure readily available. Here, we demonstrate the utility of CBPtools using a voluminous data set on an average compute-cluster infrastructure by performing rCBP on three ROIs prominently featured in parcellation literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Reuter
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Sarah Genon
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Shahrzad Kharabian Masouleh
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Felix Hoffstaedter
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Xiaojin Liu
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Tobias Kalenscher
- Comparative Psychology, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Kaustubh R Patil
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
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56
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Can a Chronic BPPV With a History of Trauma be the Trigger of Symptoms in Vestibular Migraine, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS), and Whiplash Associated Disorders (WAD)? A Retrospective Cohort Study. Otol Neurotol 2020; 40:96-102. [PMID: 30303941 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000002020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with chronic benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), i.e., chronic vestibular multicanalicular canalithiasis (CVMCC), abnormal signals are transmitted from diseased labyrinths via the healthy vestibular nuclei complex to their end organs. The vestibulo-thalamo-cortical reflex as proposed in vestibular migraine is just one of these reflexes. In a group of patients diagnosed with CVMCC otolith repositioning maneuvers specific for each semicircular canal (SCC) ameliorated pain and other symptoms in 90%. Increased awareness of CVMCC may reduce suffering and continuous medication. OBJECTIVE To evaluate if CVMCC can be the trigger of symptoms in vestibular migraine, myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), and whiplash associated disorders (WAD). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective consecutive observational cohort study. SETTING Ambulatory at a private Otoneurology Centre. PATIENTS One hundred sixty-three patients with CVMCC and a history of trauma. INTERVENTION Based on the symptoms (structured symptom questionnaire), the patients are post hoc sub grouped according to the criteria of the different diagnoses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Frequency of patients with CVMCC who fulfill the criteria of the different diagnoses. RESULTS 98% of all patients with CVMCC fulfill the Barany Society criteria of a probable vestibular migraine; 17% fulfill the International Classification of Headache Disorders defined vestibular migraine criteria; 63% fulfill the Fukuda criteria of ME/CFS; 100% of the patients with WAD suffer from CVMCC. CONCLUSION This survey supports the hypothesis that CVMCC can be the trigger of symptoms in vestibular migraine, ME/CFS, and WAD. The actual diagnosis the patient receives is often in accordance with the patient's dominant symptom.
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57
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Allan PG, Briggs RG, Conner AK, O'Neal CM, Bonney PA, Maxwell BD, Baker CM, Burks JD, Sali G, Glenn CA, Sughrue ME. Parcellation-based tractographic modeling of the ventral attention network. J Neurol Sci 2020; 408:116548. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.116548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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58
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Kageyama T, Dos Santos Kawata KH, Kawashima R, Sugiura M. Performance and Material-Dependent Holistic Representation of Unconscious Thought: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:418. [PMID: 31866843 PMCID: PMC6908964 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological research has demonstrated that humans can think unconsciously. Unconscious thought (UT) refers to cognitive or affective decision-related processes that occur beyond conscious awareness. UT processes are considered more effective in complex decision-making than conscious thought (CT). In addition, holistic representation plays a key role in UT and consists of a multimodal, value-related cognitive process. While the neural correlates of UT have recently been investigated, the holistic representation hypothesis of UT has not been confirmed. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to further evaluate this hypothesis by utilizing two UT tasks (person and consumer-product evaluations) in conjunction with an improved functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experimental protocol. Participants evaluated four alternatives with 12 attributes each. In the UT condition, once the decision information had been presented, the participants completed a 1-back task for 120 s and evaluated each alternative, as well as an independent 1-back task in the absence of any decision information. We then performed regression analysis of the UT performance in both tasks. Our results revealed a positive correlation between performance in the UT task and the use of the anterior part of the precuneus/paracentral lobule in the person evaluation task and between performance and the posterior part of the precuneus, postcentral gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, and superior parietal lobule in the consumer-product evaluation task. The involvement of the precuneus area in both tasks was indicative of a multimodal, value-related process and is consistent with the features of holistic representation, supporting a central role for holistic representation in UT. Furthermore, the involvement of different precuneus subregions in the two UT tasks may reflect the task dependency of the key representation critical for advantageous UT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Kageyama
- Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Ubiquitous Sensing, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Motoaki Sugiura
- Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Disaster-Related Cognitive Science, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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59
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Murphy C, Poerio G, Sormaz M, Wang HT, Vatansever D, Allen M, Margulies DS, Jefferies E, Smallwood J. Hello, is that me you are looking for? A re-examination of the role of the DMN in social and self relevant aspects of off-task thought. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216182. [PMID: 31697677 PMCID: PMC6837379 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural activity within the default mode network (DMN) is widely assumed to relate to processing during off-task states, however it remains unclear whether this association emerges from a shared role in self or social content that is common in these conditions. In the current study, we examine the possibility that the role of the DMN in ongoing thought emerges from contributions to specific features of off-task experience such as self-relevant or social content. A group of participants described their experiences while performing a laboratory task over a period of days. In a different session, neural activity was measured while participants performed Self/Other judgements (e.g., Does the word ‘Honest’ apply to you (Self condition) or Barack Obama (Other condition)). Despite the prominence of social and personal content in off-task reports, there was no association with neural activity during off-task trait adjective judgements. Instead, during both Self and Other judgements we found recruitment of caudal posterior cingulate cortex—a core DMN hub—was above baseline for individuals whose laboratory experiences were characterised as detailed. These data provide little support for a role of the DMN in self or other content in the off-task state and instead suggest a role in how on-going thought is represented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Murphy
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York England, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Giulia Poerio
- Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, United Kingdom
| | - Mladen Sormaz
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York England, United Kingdom
| | - Hao-Ting Wang
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York England, United Kingdom
| | - Deniz Vatansever
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York England, United Kingdom
| | - Micah Allen
- Cambridge Psychiatry, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Jonathan Smallwood
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York England, United Kingdom
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60
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Baker CM, Burks JD, Briggs RG, Stafford J, Conner AK, Glenn CA, Sali G, McCoy TM, Battiste JD, O'Donoghue DL, Sughrue ME. A Connectomic Atlas of the Human Cerebrum-Chapter 4: The Medial Frontal Lobe, Anterior Cingulate Gyrus, and Orbitofrontal Cortex. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2019; 15:S122-S174. [PMID: 30260441 DOI: 10.1093/ons/opy257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this supplement, we build on work previously published under the Human Connectome Project. Specifically, we show a comprehensive anatomic atlas of the human cerebrum demonstrating all 180 distinct regions comprising the cerebral cortex. The location, functional connectivity, and structural connectivity of these regions are outlined, and where possible a discussion is included of the functional significance of these areas. In part 4, we specifically address regions relevant to the medial frontal lobe, anterior cingulate gyrus, and orbitofrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordell M Baker
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Joshua D Burks
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Robert G Briggs
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Jordan Stafford
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Andrew K Conner
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Chad A Glenn
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Goksel Sali
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Tressie M McCoy
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - James D Battiste
- Department of Neurology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Daniel L O'Donoghue
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Michael E Sughrue
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Department of Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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61
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Baker CM, Burks JD, Briggs RG, Conner AK, Glenn CA, Manohar K, Milton CK, Sali G, McCoy TM, Battiste JD, O'Donoghue DL, Sughrue ME. A Connectomic Atlas of the Human Cerebrum-Chapter 8: The Posterior Cingulate Cortex, Medial Parietal Lobe, and Parieto-Occipital Sulcus. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2019; 15:S350-S371. [PMID: 30260425 DOI: 10.1093/ons/opy262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this supplement, we build on work previously published under the Human Connectome Project. Specifically, we seek to show a comprehensive anatomic atlas of the human cerebrum demonstrating all 180 distinct regions comprising the cerebral cortex. The location, functional connectivity, and structural connectivity of these regions are outlined, and where possible a discussion is included of the functional significance of these areas. In part 8, we specifically address regions relevant to the posterior cingulate cortex, medial parietal lobe, and the parieto-occipital sulcus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordell M Baker
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Joshua D Burks
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Robert G Briggs
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Andrew K Conner
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Chad A Glenn
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Krishna Manohar
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Camille K Milton
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Goksel Sali
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Tressie M McCoy
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - James D Battiste
- Department of Neurology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Daniel L O'Donoghue
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Michael E Sughrue
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Department of Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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62
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Alves PN, Foulon C, Karolis V, Bzdok D, Margulies DS, Volle E, Thiebaut de Schotten M. An improved neuroanatomical model of the default-mode network reconciles previous neuroimaging and neuropathological findings. Commun Biol 2019; 2:370. [PMID: 31633061 PMCID: PMC6787009 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0611-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain is constituted of multiple networks of functionally correlated brain areas, out of which the default-mode network (DMN) is the largest. Most existing research into the DMN has taken a corticocentric approach. Despite its resemblance with the unitary model of the limbic system, the contribution of subcortical structures to the DMN may be underappreciated. Here, we propose a more comprehensive neuroanatomical model of the DMN including subcortical structures such as the basal forebrain, cholinergic nuclei, anterior and mediodorsal thalamic nuclei. Additionally, tractography of diffusion-weighted imaging was employed to explore the structural connectivity, which revealed that the thalamus and basal forebrain are of central importance for the functioning of the DMN. The contribution of these neurochemically diverse brain nuclei reconciles previous neuroimaging with neuropathological findings in diseased brains and offers the potential for identifying a conserved homologue of the DMN in other mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Nascimento Alves
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, BCBlab, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
- Frontlab, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UPMC UMRS 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 Paris, France
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, CHULN, Lisbon, Portugal
- Language Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Chris Foulon
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, BCBlab, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
- Frontlab, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UPMC UMRS 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 Paris, France
- Computational Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Diagnostic Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX USA
| | - Vyacheslav Karolis
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, BCBlab, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
- Frontlab, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UPMC UMRS 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 Paris, France
- FMRIB centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Danilo Bzdok
- INRIA, Parietal Team, Saclay, France
- Neurospin, CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany
| | - Daniel S. Margulies
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, BCBlab, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
- Frontlab, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UPMC UMRS 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Volle
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, BCBlab, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
- Frontlab, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UPMC UMRS 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 Paris, France
| | - Michel Thiebaut de Schotten
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, BCBlab, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
- Frontlab, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UPMC UMRS 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 Paris, France
- Centre de Neuroimagerie de Recherche CENIR, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Groupe d’Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives-UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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63
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Gilmore AW, Nelson SM, Laumann TO, Gordon EM, Berg JJ, Greene DJ, Gratton C, Nguyen AL, Ortega M, Hoyt CR, Coalson RS, Schlaggar BL, Petersen SE, Dosenbach NUF, McDermott KB. High-fidelity mapping of repetition-related changes in the parietal memory network. Neuroimage 2019; 199:427-439. [PMID: 31175969 PMCID: PMC6688913 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
fMRI studies of human memory have identified a "parietal memory network" (PMN) that displays distinct responses to novel and familiar stimuli, typically deactivating during initial encoding but robustly activating during retrieval. The small size of PMN regions, combined with their proximity to the neighboring default mode network, makes a targeted assessment of their responses in highly sampled subjects important for understanding information processing within the network. Here, we describe an experiment in which participants made semantic decisions about repeatedly-presented stimuli, assessing PMN BOLD responses as items transitioned from experimentally novel to repeated. Data are from the highly-sampled subjects in the Midnight Scan Club dataset, enabling a characterization of BOLD responses at both the group and single-subject level. Across all analyses, PMN regions deactivated in response to novel stimuli and displayed changes in BOLD activity across presentations, but did not significantly activate to repeated items. Results support only a portion of initially hypothesized effects, in particular suggesting that novelty-related deactivations may be less susceptible to attentional/task manipulations than are repetition-related activations within the network. This in turn suggests that novelty and familiarity may be processed as separable entities within the PMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian W Gilmore
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
| | - Steven M Nelson
- VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, 76711, USA; Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - Timothy O Laumann
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Evan M Gordon
- VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, 76711, USA; Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Berg
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Deanna J Greene
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Caterina Gratton
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Annie L Nguyen
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Mario Ortega
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Catherine R Hoyt
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Rebecca S Coalson
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Bradley L Schlaggar
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven E Petersen
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Nico U F Dosenbach
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kathleen B McDermott
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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64
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Andersson P, Ragni F, Lingnau A. Visual imagery during real-time fMRI neurofeedback from occipital and superior parietal cortex. Neuroimage 2019; 200:332-343. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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65
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Stawarczyk D, Bezdek MA, Zacks JM. Event Representations and Predictive Processing: The Role of the Midline Default Network Core. Top Cogn Sci 2019; 13:164-186. [PMID: 31486286 PMCID: PMC7984453 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The human brain is tightly coupled to the world through its sensory‐motor systems—but it also spends a lot of its metabolism talking to itself. One important function of this intrinsic activity is the establishment and updating of event models—representations of the current situation that can predictively guide perception, learning, and action control. Here, we propose that event models largely depend on the default network (DN) midline core that includes the posterior cingulate and anterior medial prefrontal cortex. An increasing body of data indeed suggests that this subnetwork can facilitate stimuli processing during both naturalistic event comprehension and cognitive tasks in which mental representations of prior situations, trials, and task rules can predictively guide attention and performance. This midline core involvement in supporting predictions through event models can make sense of an otherwise complex and conflicting pattern of results regarding the possible cognitive functions subserved by the DN. Stawarczyk, Bezdek, and Zacks offer neuroscience evidence for a midline default network core, which appears to coordinate internal, top‐down mentation with externally‐triggered, bottom‐up attention in a push‐pull relationship. The network may enable the flexible pursuance of thoughts tuned into or detached from the current environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Stawarczyk
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University.,Department of Psychology, Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liège
| | - Matthew A Bezdek
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University
| | - Jeffrey M Zacks
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University
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66
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Silson EH, Steel A, Kidder A, Gilmore AW, Baker CI. Distinct subdivisions of human medial parietal cortex support recollection of people and places. eLife 2019; 8:47391. [PMID: 31305238 PMCID: PMC6667275 DOI: 10.7554/elife.47391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human medial parietal cortex (MPC) is implicated in multiple cognitive processes including memory recall, visual scene processing and navigation, and is a core component of the default mode network. Here, we demonstrate distinct subdivisions of MPC that are selectively recruited during memory recall of either specific people or places. First, distinct regions of MPC exhibited differential functional connectivity with medial and lateral regions of ventral temporal cortex (VTC). Second, these same medial regions showed selective, but negative, responses to the visual presentation of different stimulus categories, with clear preferences for scenes and faces. Finally, and most critically, these regions were differentially recruited during memory recall of either people or places with a strong familiarity advantage. Taken together, these data suggest that the organizing principle defining the medial-lateral axis of VTC is reflected in MPC, but in the context of memory recall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward H Silson
- Laboratory of Brain & Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Adam Steel
- Laboratory of Brain & Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, United States.,Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alexis Kidder
- Laboratory of Brain & Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Adrian W Gilmore
- Laboratory of Brain & Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Chris I Baker
- Laboratory of Brain & Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, United States
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67
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Differential functional patterns of the human posterior cingulate cortex during activation and deactivation: a meta-analytic connectivity model. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:2367-2385. [PMID: 31292696 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05595-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) has been implicated in a host of cognitive and behavioral processes in addition to serving as a central hub in the default mode network (DMN). Moreover, the PCC has been shown to be involved in a range of psychiatric and neurological disorders. However, very little is known about the specific activated/deactivated functional profiles of the PCC. Here, we employed a dual analytic approach using robust quantitative meta-analytical connectivity modeling (MACM) and ultra-high field, high resolution resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to identify state-specific functional activity patterns of the human PCC. The MACM results provided evidence for regions of convergence for PCC co-activation and co-deactivation (i.e., left medial frontal gyrus, left amygdala, and left anterior cingulate) as well as regions of divergence specific to either PCC activation (i.e., bilateral inferior frontal gyri) or PCC deactivation (i.e., left parahippocampal gyrus). In addition, exploratory MACMs on dorsal and ventral subregions of the PCC revealed differential functional activity patterns such as greater co-activation of the right PCC and left inferior parietal lobule with the dorsal PCC and greater co-activation of right precuneus with the ventral PCC. Resting state connectivity analyses showed widespread connectivity similar to that of the PCC co-activation-based MACM, but also demonstrated additional regions of activity, including bilateral superior parietal regions and right superior temporal regions. These analyses highlight the diverse neurofunctional repertoire of the human PCC, provide additional insight into its dynamic functional activity patterns as it switches between activated and deactivated states, and elucidates the cognitive processes that may be implicated in clinical populations.
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68
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Bruner E, Gleeson BT. Body Cognition and Self-Domestication in Human Evolution. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1111. [PMID: 31164852 PMCID: PMC6536601 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Bruner
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana, Burgos, Spain
| | - Ben T Gleeson
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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69
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Costigan AG, Umla-Runge K, Evans CJ, Hodgetts CJ, Lawrence AD, Graham KS. Neurochemical correlates of scene processing in the precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex: A multimodal fMRI and 1 H-MRS study. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:2884-2898. [PMID: 30865358 PMCID: PMC6563468 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex (PCu/PCC) are key components of a midline network, activated during rest but also in tasks that involve construction of scene or situation models. Despite growing interest in PCu/PCC functional alterations in disease and disease risk, the underlying neurochemical modulators of PCu/PCC's task‐evoked activity are largely unstudied. Here, a multimodal imaging approach was applied to investigate whether interindividual differences in PCu/PCC fMRI activity, elicited during perceptual discrimination of scene stimuli, were correlated with local brain metabolite levels, measured during resting‐state 1H‐MRS. Forty healthy young adult participants completed an fMRI perceptual odd‐one‐out task for scenes, objects and faces. 1H‐MRS metabolites N‐acetyl‐aspartate (tNAA), glutamate (Glx) and γ‐amino‐butyric acid (GABA+) were quantified via PRESS and MEGA‐PRESS scans in a PCu/PCC voxel and an occipital (OCC) control voxel. Whole brain fMRI revealed a cluster in right dorsal PCu/PCC that showed a greater BOLD response to scenes versus faces and objects. When extracted from an independently defined PCu/PCC region of interest, scene activity (vs. faces and objects and also vs. baseline) was positively correlated with PCu/PCC, but not OCC, tNAA. A voxel‐wise regression analysis restricted to the PCu/PCC 1H‐MRS voxel area identified a significant PCu/PCC cluster, confirming the positive correlation between scene‐related BOLD activity and PCu/PCC tNAA. There were no correlations between PCu/PCC activity and Glx or GABA+ levels. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that scene activity in PCu/PCC is linked to local tNAA levels, identifying a neurochemical influence on interindividual differences in the task‐driven activity of a key brain hub.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison G Costigan
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Katja Umla-Runge
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - C John Evans
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Carl J Hodgetts
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Andrew D Lawrence
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Kim S Graham
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
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70
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Belfi AM, Vessel EA, Brielmann A, Isik AI, Chatterjee A, Leder H, Pelli DG, Starr GG. Dynamics of aesthetic experience are reflected in the default-mode network. Neuroimage 2019; 188:584-597. [PMID: 30543845 PMCID: PMC8493917 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroaesthetics is a rapidly developing interdisciplinary field of research that aims to understand the neural substrates of aesthetic experience: While understanding aesthetic experience has been an objective of philosophers for centuries, it has only more recently been embraced by neuroscientists. Recent work in neuroaesthetics has revealed that aesthetic experience with static visual art engages visual, reward and default-mode networks. Very little is known about the temporal dynamics of these networks during aesthetic appreciation. Previous behavioral and brain imaging research suggests that critical aspects of aesthetic experience have slow dynamics, taking more than a few seconds, making them amenable to study with fMRI. Here, we identified key aspects of the dynamics of aesthetic experience while viewing art for various durations. In the first few seconds following image onset, activity in the DMN (and high-level visual and reward regions) was greater for very pleasing images; in the DMN this activity counteracted a suppressive effect that grew longer and deeper with increasing image duration. In addition, for very pleasing art, the DMN response returned to baseline in a manner time-locked to image offset. Conversely, for non-pleasing art, the timing of this return to baseline was inconsistent. This differential response in the DMN may therefore reflect the internal dynamics of the participant's state: The participant disengages from art-related processing and returns to stimulus-independent thought. These dynamics suggest that the DMN tracks the internal state of a participant during aesthetic experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Belfi
- Department of Psychological Science, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA.
| | - Edward A Vessel
- Department of Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Aenne Brielmann
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ayse Ilkay Isik
- Department of Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anjan Chatterjee
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Helmut Leder
- Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Denis G Pelli
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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71
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Braga RM, Van Dijk KRA, Polimeni JR, Eldaief MC, Buckner RL. Parallel distributed networks resolved at high resolution reveal close juxtaposition of distinct regions. J Neurophysiol 2019; 121:1513-1534. [PMID: 30785825 PMCID: PMC6485740 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00808.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Examination of large-scale distributed networks within the individual reveals details of cortical network organization that are absent in group-averaged studies. One recent discovery is that a distributed transmodal network, often referred to as the “default network,” comprises two closely interdigitated networks, only one of which is coupled to posterior parahippocampal cortex. Not all studies of individuals have identified the same networks, and questions remain about the degree to which the two networks are separate, particularly within regions hypothesized to be interconnected hubs. In this study we replicate the observation of network separation across analytical (seed-based connectivity and parcellation) and data projection (volume and surface) methods in two individuals each scanned 31 times. Additionally, three individuals were examined with high-resolution (7T; 1.35 mm) functional magnetic resonance imaging to gain further insight into the anatomical details. The two networks were identified with separate regions localized to adjacent portions of the cortical ribbon, sometimes inside the same sulcus. Midline regions previously implicated as hubs revealed near complete spatial separation of the two networks, displaying a complex spatial topography in the posterior cingulate and precuneus. The network coupled to parahippocampal cortex also revealed a separate region directly within the hippocampus, at or near the subiculum. These collective results support that the default network is composed of at least two spatially juxtaposed networks. Fine spatial details and juxtapositions of the two networks can be identified within individuals at high resolution, providing insight into the network organization of association cortex and placing further constraints on interpretation of group-averaged neuroimaging data. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Recent evidence has emerged that canonical large-scale networks such as the “default network” fractionate into parallel distributed networks when defined within individuals. This research uses high-resolution imaging to show that the networks possess juxtapositions sometimes evident inside the same sulcus and within regions that have been previously hypothesized to be network hubs. Distinct circumscribed regions of one network were also resolved in the hippocampal formation, at or near the parahippocampal cortex and subiculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo M Braga
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts.,The Computational, Cognitive & Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Koene R A Van Dijk
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan R Polimeni
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Mark C Eldaief
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
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72
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Gilmore AW, Kalinowski SE, Milleville SC, Gotts SJ, Martin A. Identifying task-general effects of stimulus familiarity in the parietal memory network. Neuropsychologia 2019; 124:31-43. [PMID: 30610842 PMCID: PMC6728150 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Studies of human memory have implicated a "parietal memory network" in the recognition of familiar stimuli. However, the automatic vs. top-down nature of information processing within this network is not yet understood. If the network processes stimuli automatically, one can expect repetition-related changes both when familiarity is central to an ongoing task and when it is task-irrelevant. Here, we tested this prediction in a group of 40 human subjects using fMRI. Subjects initially named 100 objects aloud in the scanner. They then repeated the same task with novel and previously-named objects intermixed (where familiarity was not task-relevant) and separately were asked to make old/new recognition decisions in response to pictures of novel and previously-named objects (where familiarity was central to task completion). Accuracy was matched across conditions, and voice reaction times reflected typical behavioral priming effects. Repetition enhancement effects were restricted primarily to parietal cortex-and in particular, the parietal memory network-and were task-general in nature, whereas repetition suppression effects were task-dependent and occurred primarily in frontal and ventral temporal cortex. Task context effects were also present in the parietal memory network and impacted responses to both novel and familiar items. We conclude by discussing implications of these findings with respect to current hypotheses regarding parietal contributions to memory retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian W Gilmore
- Section on Cognitive Neuropsychology, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| | - Sarah E Kalinowski
- Section on Cognitive Neuropsychology, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Shawn C Milleville
- Section on Cognitive Neuropsychology, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Stephen J Gotts
- Section on Cognitive Neuropsychology, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Alex Martin
- Section on Cognitive Neuropsychology, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
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73
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Senova S, Clair AH, Palfi S, Yelnik J, Domenech P, Mallet L. Deep Brain Stimulation for Refractory Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Towards an Individualized Approach. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:905. [PMID: 31920754 PMCID: PMC6923766 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder featuring repetitive intrusive thoughts and behaviors associated with a significant handicap. Of patients, 20% are refractory to medication and cognitive behavioral therapy. Refractory OCD is associated with suicidal behavior and significant degradation of social and professional functioning, with high health costs. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been proposed as a reversible and controllable method to treat refractory patients, with meta-analyses showing 60% response rate following DBS, whatever the target: anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC), ventral capsule/ventral striatum (VC/VS), nucleus accumbens (NAcc), anteromedial subthalamic nucleus (amSTN), or inferior thalamic peduncle (ITP). But how do we choose the "best" target? Functional neuroimaging studies have shown that ALIC-DBS requires the modulation of the fiber tract within the ventral ALIC via the ventral striatum, bordering the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and connecting the medial prefrontal cortex with the thalamus to be successful. VC/VS effective sites of stimulation were found within the VC and primarily connected to the medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) dorsomedial thalamus, amygdala, and the habenula. NAcc-DBS has been found to reduce OCD symptoms by decreasing excessive fronto-striatal connectivity between NAcc and the lateral and medial prefrontal cortex. The amSTN effective stimulation sites are located at the inferior medial border of the STN, primarily connected to lateral OFC, dorsal anterior cingulate, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Finally, ITP-DBS recruits a bidirectional fiber pathway between the OFC and the thalamus. Thus, these functional connectivity studies show that the various DBS targets lie within the same diseased neural network. They share similar efficacy profiles on OCD symptoms as estimated on the Y-BOCS, the amSTN being the target supported by the strongest evidence in the literature. VC/VS-DBS, amSTN-DBS, and ALIC-DBS were also found to improve mood, behavioral adaptability and potentially both, respectively. Because OCD is such a heterogeneous disease with many different symptom dimensions, the ultimate aim should be to find the most appropriate DBS target for a given refractory patient. This quest will benefit from further investigation and understanding of the individual functional connectivity of OCD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhan Senova
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor, DHU PePsy, Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Addictology departments, Créteil, France.,Université Paris Est Creteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France.,IMRB UPEC/INSERM U 955 Team 14, Créteil, France
| | - Anne-Hélène Clair
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, INSERM, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Palfi
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor, DHU PePsy, Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Addictology departments, Créteil, France.,Université Paris Est Creteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France.,IMRB UPEC/INSERM U 955 Team 14, Créteil, France
| | - Jérôme Yelnik
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, INSERM, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Domenech
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor, DHU PePsy, Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Addictology departments, Créteil, France.,Université Paris Est Creteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, INSERM, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
| | - Luc Mallet
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor, DHU PePsy, Neurosurgery, Psychiatry and Addictology departments, Créteil, France.,Université Paris Est Creteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, INSERM, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France.,Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Global Health Institute, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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74
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Varoquaux G, Schwartz Y, Poldrack RA, Gauthier B, Bzdok D, Poline JB, Thirion B. Atlases of cognition with large-scale human brain mapping. PLoS Comput Biol 2018; 14:e1006565. [PMID: 30496171 PMCID: PMC6289578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To map the neural substrate of mental function, cognitive neuroimaging relies on controlled psychological manipulations that engage brain systems associated with specific cognitive processes. In order to build comprehensive atlases of cognitive function in the brain, it must assemble maps for many different cognitive processes, which often evoke overlapping patterns of activation. Such data aggregation faces contrasting goals: on the one hand finding correspondences across vastly different cognitive experiments, while on the other hand precisely describing the function of any given brain region. Here we introduce a new analysis framework that tackles these difficulties and thereby enables the generation of brain atlases for cognitive function. The approach leverages ontologies of cognitive concepts and multi-label brain decoding to map the neural substrate of these concepts. We demonstrate the approach by building an atlas of functional brain organization based on 30 diverse functional neuroimaging studies, totaling 196 different experimental conditions. Unlike conventional brain mapping, this functional atlas supports robust reverse inference: predicting the mental processes from brain activity in the regions delineated by the atlas. To establish that this reverse inference is indeed governed by the corresponding concepts, and not idiosyncrasies of experimental designs, we show that it can accurately decode the cognitive concepts recruited in new tasks. These results demonstrate that aggregating independent task-fMRI studies can provide a more precise global atlas of selective associations between brain and cognition. Cognitive neuroscience uses neuroimaging to identify brain systems engaged in specific cognitive tasks. However, linking unequivocally brain systems with cognitive functions is difficult: each task probes only a small number of facets of cognition, while brain systems are often engaged in many tasks. We develop a new approach to generate a functional atlas of cognition, demonstrating brain systems selectively associated with specific cognitive functions. This approach relies upon an ontology that defines specific cognitive functions and the relations between them, along with an analysis scheme tailored to this ontology. Using a database of thirty neuroimaging studies, we show that this approach provides a highly-specific atlas of mental functions, and that it can decode the mental processes engaged in new tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Varoquaux
- Parietal, Inria, Saclay, France
- Neurospin, CEA, Gif sur Yvette, France
- STIC department, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Yannick Schwartz
- Parietal, Inria, Saclay, France
- Neurospin, CEA, Gif sur Yvette, France
- STIC department, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | | | - Baptiste Gauthier
- Neurospin, CEA, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, INSERM, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Danilo Bzdok
- Parietal, Inria, Saclay, France
- Neurospin, CEA, Gif sur Yvette, France
- JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, 52072 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jean-Baptiste Poline
- Montreal neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Bertrand Thirion
- Parietal, Inria, Saclay, France
- Neurospin, CEA, Gif sur Yvette, France
- STIC department, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
- * E-mail:
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75
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Subspecialization within default mode nodes characterized in 10,000 UK Biobank participants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:12295-12300. [PMID: 30420501 PMCID: PMC6275484 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1804876115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The human default mode network (DMN) is implicated in several unique mental capacities. In this study, we tested whether brain-wide interregional communication in the DMN can be derived from population variability in intrinsic activity fluctuations, gray-matter morphology, and fiber tract anatomy. In a sample of 10,000 UK Biobank participants, pattern-learning algorithms revealed functional coupling states in the DMN that are linked to connectivity profiles between other macroscopical brain networks. In addition, DMN gray matter volume was covaried with white matter microstructure of the fornix. Collectively, functional and structural patterns unmasked a possible division of labor within major DMN nodes: Subregions most critical for cortical network interplay were adjacent to subregions most predictive of fornix fibers from the hippocampus that processes memories and places.
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76
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Ahmed S, Plazier M, Ost J, Stassijns G, Deleye S, Ceyssens S, Dupont P, Stroobants S, Staelens S, De Ridder D, Vanneste S. The effect of occipital nerve field stimulation on the descending pain pathway in patients with fibromyalgia: a water PET and EEG imaging study. BMC Neurol 2018; 18:191. [PMID: 30419855 PMCID: PMC6233518 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-018-1190-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fibromyalgia is a chronic disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain accompanied by fatigue, sleep, memory, and mood problems. Recently, occipital nerve field stimulation (ONS) has been proposed as an effective potential treatment for fibromyalgia-related pain. The aim of this study is to unravel the neural mechanism behind occipital nerve stimulation’s ability to suppress pain in fibromyalgia patients. Materials and methods Seven patients implanted with subcutaneous electrodes in the C2 dermatoma were enrolled for a Positron Emission Tomography (PET) H215O activation study. These seven patients were selected from a cohort of 40 patients who were part of a double blind, placebo-controlled study followed by an open label follow up at six months. The H215O PET scans were taken during both the “ON” (active stimulation) and “OFF” (stimulating device turned off) conditions. Electroencephalogram (EEG) data were also recorded for the implanted fibromyalgia patients during both the “ON” and “OFF” conditions. Results Relative to the “OFF” condition, ONS stimulation resulted in activation in the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex, comprising the medial pain pathway, the ventral medial prefrontal cortex, and the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex as well as parahippocampal area, the latter two of which comprise the descending pain pathway. Relative deactivation was observed in the left somatosensory cortex, constituting the lateral pain pathway as well as other sensory areas such as the visual and auditory cortex. The EEG results also showed increased activity in the descending pain pathway. The pregenual anterior cingulate cortex extending into the ventral medial prefrontal cortex displayed this increase in the theta, alpha1, alpha2, beta1, and beta2 frequency bands. Conclusion PET shows that ONS exerts its effect via activation of the descending pain inhibitory pathway and the lateral pain pathway in fibromyalgia, while EEG shows activation of those cortical areas that could be responsible for descending inhibition system recruitment. Trial Registration This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00917176 (June 10, 2009).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheen Ahmed
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Mark Plazier
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Gaetane Stassijns
- Department of physical health hand rehabilitation, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Steven Deleye
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah Ceyssens
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Dupont
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sigrid Stroobants
- Department of nuclear medicine, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Steven Staelens
- Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Dirk De Ridder
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sven Vanneste
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA.
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77
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Meta-analysis of functional subdivisions within human posteromedial cortex. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 224:435-452. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1781-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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78
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Neural networks of aggression: ALE meta-analyses on trait and elicited aggression. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 224:133-148. [PMID: 30291479 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1765-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable evidence that emotion dysregulation and self-control impairments lead to escalated aggression in populations with psychiatric disorders. However, convergent quantitative evidence on the neural network explaining how aggression arises is still lacking. To address this gap, peak activations extracted from extant functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies were synthesized through coordinate-based meta-analyses. A systematic search in the PubMed database was conducted and 26 fMRI studies met the inclusion criteria. Three separate activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analyses were performed on (1) individual differences in trait aggression (TA) studies, (2) individual differences in TA studies examining executive functioning, and (3) elicited aggression (EA) studies across fMRI behavioral paradigms. Ensuing clusters from ALE meta-analyses were further treated as seeds for follow-up investigations on consensus connectivity networks (CCN) delineated from meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM) and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) to further characterize their physiological functions. Finally, we obtained a data-driven functional characterization of the ensuing clusters and their networks. This approach offers a boarder view of the ensuing clusters using a boarder network perspective. In TA, aberrant brain activations were found only in the right precuneus. Follow-up analyses revealed that the precuneus seed was within the frontal-parietal network (FPN) associated with action inhibition, visuospatial processing and higher-level cognition. With further restricting to only experiments examining executive functioning, convergent evidence was found in the right rolandic operculum (RO), midcingulate cortex (MCC), precentral gyrus (PrG) and precuneus. Follow-up analyses suggested that RO, MCC and PrG may belong to a common cognitive control network, while the MCC seems to be the hub of this network. In EA, we only revealed a convergent region in the left postcentral gyrus. Follow-up CCN analyses and functional characterizations suggested that this region may also belong to the same cognitive control network found in the TA sub-analysis. Our results suggested that escalated aggression arises from abnormal precuneus activities within the FPN, disrupting the recruitment of other large-scale networks such as adaptive cognitive control network. Consequently, failure to recruit such a network results in an inability to generate adaptive responses, increasing the likelihood of acting aggressively.
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79
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Langner R, Eickhoff SB, Bilalić M. A network view on brain regions involved in experts' object and pattern recognition: Implications for the neural mechanisms of skilled visual perception. Brain Cogn 2018; 131:74-86. [PMID: 30290974 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Skilled visual object and pattern recognition form the basis of many everyday behaviours. The game of chess has often been used as a model case for studying how long-term experience aides in perceiving objects and their spatio-functional interrelations. Earlier research revealed two brain regions, posterior middle temporal gyrus (pMTG) and collateral sulcus (CoS), to be linked to chess experts' superior object and pattern recognition, respectively. Here we elucidated the brain networks these two expertise-related regions are embedded in, employing resting-state functional connectivity analysis and meta-analytic connectivity modelling with the BrainMap database. pMTG was preferentially connected with dorsal visual stream areas and a parieto-prefrontal network for action planning, while CoS was preferentially connected with posterior medial cortex and hippocampus, linked to scene perception, perspective-taking and navigation. Functional profiling using BrainMap meta-data revealed that pMTG was linked to semantic processing as well as inhibition and attention, while CoS was linked to face and shape perception as well as passive viewing. Our findings suggest that pMTG subserves skilled object recognition by mediating the link between object identity and object affordances, while CoS subserves skilled pattern recognition by linking the position of individual objects with typical spatio-functional layouts of their environment stored in memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Langner
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Merim Bilalić
- Department of Psychology, University of Northumbria at Newcastle, Newcastle, England, United Kingdom; Department of Neuroradiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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80
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Bottenhorn KL, Flannery JS, Boeving ER, Riedel MC, Eickhoff SB, Sutherland MT, Laird AR. Cooperating yet distinct brain networks engaged during naturalistic paradigms: A meta-analysis of functional MRI results. Netw Neurosci 2018; 3:27-48. [PMID: 30793072 PMCID: PMC6326731 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive processes do not occur by pure insertion and instead depend on the full complement of co-occurring mental processes, including perceptual and motor functions. As such, there is limited ecological validity to human neuroimaging experiments that use highly controlled tasks to isolate mental processes of interest. However, a growing literature shows how dynamic, interactive tasks have allowed researchers to study cognition as it more naturally occurs. Collective analysis across such neuroimaging experiments may answer broader questions regarding how naturalistic cognition is biologically distributed throughout the brain. We applied an unbiased, data-driven, meta-analytic approach that uses k-means clustering to identify core brain networks engaged across the naturalistic functional neuroimaging literature. Functional decoding allowed us to, then, delineate how information is distributed between these networks throughout the execution of dynamical cognition in realistic settings. This analysis revealed six recurrent patterns of brain activation, representing sensory, domain-specific, and attentional neural networks that support the cognitive demands of naturalistic paradigms. Although gaps in the literature remain, these results suggest that naturalistic fMRI paradigms recruit a common set of networks that allow both separate processing of different streams of information and integration of relevant information to enable flexible cognition and complex behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emily R. Boeving
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michael C. Riedel
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Simon B. Eickhoff
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Angela R. Laird
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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81
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Fan Y, Borchardt V, von Düring F, Leutritz AL, Dietz M, Herrera-Meléndez AL, Bajbouj M, Li M, Grimm S, Walter M. Dorsal and Ventral Posterior Cingulate Cortex Switch Network Assignment via Changes in Relative Functional Connectivity Strength to Noncanonical Networks. Brain Connect 2018; 9:77-94. [PMID: 30255708 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2018.0602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) is often used as a seed region for probing default-mode network (DMN) connectivity. However, there is evidence for a functional segregation between its dorsal (dPCC) and ventral (vPCC) subregions, which suggests differential involvements of d-/vPCC in regulating cognitive demands. Our paradigm included functional magnetic resonance imaging measures for baseline resting state, affective or cognitive tasks, and post-task resting states. We investigated the effect of task demands on intra-PCC coupling and d-/vPCC network assignment to major intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs), which was estimated via edge weights of a graph network encompassing DMN, dorsal-attention network, and central-executive network (CEN). Although PCC subregions were functionally coupled during both resting-state conditions and cognitive tasks, they decoupled during affective stimulation. For dPCC, functional connectivity strength (FCS) to CEN was higher than to the other two ICNs; whereas for vPCC, FCS to DMN was the highest. We, hence, defined CEN and DMN as the canonical networks at rest for dPCC and vPCC, respectively. Switching from rest to affective stimulation, however, induced the strongest effects to relative network assignments between non-canonical networks of dPCC and vPCC. Although vPCC showed a durable functional connectivity (FC) to DMN, dPCC played a crucial role during switches of between-network FC depending on cognitive versus affective task requirements. Our results underline that it is crucial for future seed-based FC studies to consider these two subregions separately in terms of seed location and discussion of findings. Finally, our findings highlight the functional importance of connectivity changes toward regions outside the canonical networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fan
- 1 Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Magdeburg, Germany.,2 Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-University of Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Viola Borchardt
- 1 Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Magdeburg, Germany.,3 Department of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Felicia von Düring
- 1 Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Magdeburg, Germany.,4 Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anna Linda Leutritz
- 1 Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Magdeburg, Germany.,4 Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marie Dietz
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-University of Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana Lucía Herrera-Meléndez
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-University of Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Malek Bajbouj
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-University of Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Meng Li
- 1 Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Magdeburg, Germany.,3 Department of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Simone Grimm
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-University of Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,5 Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Therapy and Process Research, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,6 MSB Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Walter
- 1 Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Magdeburg, Germany.,3 Department of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,4 Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,7 Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Eberhard-Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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82
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Mori A, Okamoto Y, Okada G, Takagaki K, Takamura M, Jinnin R, Ichikawa N, Yamamura T, Yokoyama S, Shiota S, Yoshino A, Miyake Y, Okamoto Y, Matsumoto M, Matsumoto K, Yamawaki S. Effects of behavioural activation on the neural circuit related to intrinsic motivation. BJPsych Open 2018; 4:317-323. [PMID: 30070201 PMCID: PMC6094183 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2018.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behavioural activation is an efficient treatment for depression and can improve intrinsic motivation. Previous studies have revealed that the frontostriatal circuit is involved in intrinsic motivation; however, there are no data on how behavioural activation affects the frontostriatal circuit.AimsWe aimed to investigate behavioural activation-related changes in the frontostriatal circuit. METHOD Fifty-nine individuals with subthreshold depression were randomly assigned to either the intervention or non-intervention group. The intervention group received five weekly behavioural activation sessions. The participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning on two separate occasions while performing a stopwatch task based on intrinsic motivation. We investigated changes in neural activity and functional connectivity after behavioural activation. RESULTS After behavioural activation, the intervention group had increased activation and connectivity in the frontostriatal region compared with the non-intervention group. The increased activation in the right middle frontal gyrus was correlated with an improvement of subjective sensitivity to environmental rewards. CONCLUSIONS Behavioural activation-related changes to the frontostriatal circuit advance our understanding of psychotherapy-induced improvements in the neural basis of intrinsic motivation.Declaration of interestNone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Mori
- Clinical Fellow, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Okamoto
- Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Go Okada
- Lecturer, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Koki Takagaki
- Assistant Professor, Health Service Center, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takamura
- Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Ran Jinnin
- Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Naho Ichikawa
- Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Takanao Yamamura
- Assistant Professor, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa University Hospital, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yokoyama
- Researcher, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Syouichi Shiota
- Researcher, Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Atsuo Yoshino
- Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Yoshie Miyake
- Associate Professor, Health Service Center, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Yuri Okamoto
- Professor, Health Service Center, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Madoka Matsumoto
- Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Professor, Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Japan
| | - Shigeto Yamawaki
- Distinguished Professor, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
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83
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Bartley JE, Boeving ER, Riedel MC, Bottenhorn KL, Salo T, Eickhoff SB, Brewe E, Sutherland MT, Laird AR. Meta-analytic evidence for a core problem solving network across multiple representational domains. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 92:318-337. [PMID: 29944961 PMCID: PMC6425494 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Problem solving is a complex skill engaging multi-stepped reasoning processes to find unknown solutions. The breadth of real-world contexts requiring problem solving is mirrored by a similarly broad, yet unfocused neuroimaging literature, and the domain-general or context-specific brain networks associated with problem solving are not well understood. To more fully characterize those brain networks, we performed activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis on 280 neuroimaging problem solving experiments reporting 3166 foci from 1919 individuals across 131 papers. The general map of problem solving revealed broad fronto-cingulo-parietal convergence, regions similarly identified when considering separate mathematical, verbal, and visuospatial problem solving domain-specific analyses. Conjunction analysis revealed a common network supporting problem solving across diverse contexts, and difference maps distinguished functionally-selective sub-networks specific to task type. Our results suggest cooperation between representationally specialized sub-network and whole-brain systems provide a neural basis for problem solving, with the core network contributing general purpose resources to perform cognitive operations and manage problem demand. Further characterization of cross-network dynamics could inform neuroeducational studies on problem solving skill development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Bartley
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Emily R Boeving
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michael C Riedel
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Taylor Salo
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behavior (INM-7), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Eric Brewe
- Department of Teaching and Learning, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Education, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Angela R Laird
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
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84
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Shared endo-phenotypes of default mode dsfunction in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:133. [PMID: 30018328 PMCID: PMC6050263 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0179-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Categorical diagnoses from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) or International Classification of Diseases (ICD) manuals are increasingly found to be incongruent with emerging neuroscientific evidence that points towards shared neurobiological dysfunction underlying attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data, functional connectivity of the default mode network, the dorsal attention and salience network was studied in 1305 typically developing and diagnosed participants. A transdiagnostic hierarchical Bayesian modeling framework combining Indian Buffet Processes and Latent Dirichlet Allocation was proposed to address the urgent need for objective brain-derived measures that can acknowledge shared brain network dysfunction in both disorders. We identified three main variation factors characterized by distinct coupling patterns of the temporoparietal cortices in the default mode network with the dorsal attention and salience network. The brain-derived factors were demonstrated to effectively capture the underlying neural dysfunction shared in both disorders more accurately, and to enable more reliable diagnoses of neurobiological dysfunction. The brain-derived phenotypes alone allowed for a classification accuracy reflecting an underlying neuropathology of 67.33% (+/-3.07) in new individuals, which significantly outperformed the 46.73% (+/-3.97) accuracy of categorical diagnoses. Our results provide initial evidence that shared neural dysfunction in ADHD and ASD can be derived from conventional brain recordings in a data-led fashion. Our work is encouraging to pursue a translational endeavor to find and further study brain-derived phenotypes, which could potentially be used to improve clinical decision-making and optimize treatment in the future.
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85
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Ogawa A, Osada T, Tanaka M, Hori M, Aoki S, Nikolaidis A, Milham MP, Konishi S. Striatal subdivisions that coherently interact with multiple cerebrocortical networks. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:4349-4359. [PMID: 29975005 PMCID: PMC6220841 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The striatum constitutes the cortical‐basal ganglia loop and receives input from the cerebral cortex. Previous MRI studies have parcellated the human striatum using clustering analyses of structural/functional connectivity with the cerebral cortex. However, it is currently unclear how the striatal regions functionally interact with the cerebral cortex to organize cortical functions in the temporal domain. In the present human functional MRI study, the striatum was parcellated using boundary mapping analyses to reveal the fine architecture of the striatum by focusing on local gradient of functional connectivity. Boundary mapping analyses revealed approximately 100 subdivisions of the striatum. Many of the striatal subdivisions were functionally connected with specific combinations of cerebrocortical functional networks, such as somato‐motor (SM) and ventral attention (VA) networks. Time‐resolved functional connectivity analyses further revealed coherent interactions of multiple connectivities between each striatal subdivision and the cerebrocortical networks (i.e., a striatal subdivision‐SM connectivity and the same striatal subdivision‐VA connectivity). These results suggest that the striatum contains a large number of subdivisions that mediate functional coupling between specific combinations of cerebrocortical networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akitoshi Ogawa
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Osada
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Tanaka
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hori
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Aoki
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Sportology Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aki Nikolaidis
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael P Milham
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Seiki Konishi
- Department of Neurophysiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Sportology Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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86
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Wang Y, Zhu Y, Chen P, Yan F, Chen S, Li G, Hu X, Wang L, Yang Z. Neuroticism is associated with altered resting-state functional connectivity of amygdala following acute stress exposure. Behav Brain Res 2018; 347:272-280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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87
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Nostro AD, Müller VI, Reid AT, Eickhoff SB. Correlations Between Personality and Brain Structure: A Crucial Role of Gender. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:3698-3712. [PMID: 27390020 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that males and females differ in personality and gender differences have also been reported in brain structure. However, effects of gender on this "personality-brain" relationship are yet unknown. We therefore investigated if the neural correlates of personality differ between males and females. Whole brain voxel-based morphometry was used to investigate the influence of gender on associations between NEO FFI personality traits and gray matter volume (GMV) in a matched sample of 182 males and 182 females. In order to assess associations independent of and dependent on gender, personality-GMV relationships were tested across the entire sample and separately for males and females. There were no significant correlations between any personality scale and GMV in the analyses across the entire sample. In contrast, significant associations with GMV were detected for neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness only in males. Interestingly, GMV in left precuneus/parieto-occipital sulcus correlated with all 3 traits. Thus, our results indicate that brain structure-personality relationships are highly dependent on gender, which might be attributable to hormonal interplays or differences in brain organization between males and females. Our results thus provide possible neural substrates of personality-behavior relationships and underline the important role of gender in these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra D Nostro
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Veronika I Müller
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Andrew T Reid
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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88
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Burles F, Umiltá A, McFarlane LH, Potocki K, Iaria G. Ventral-Dorsal Functional Contribution of the Posterior Cingulate Cortex in Human Spatial Orientation: A Meta-Analysis. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:190. [PMID: 29867414 PMCID: PMC5951926 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The retrosplenial cortex has long been implicated in human spatial orientation and navigation. However, neural activity peaks labeled “retrosplenial cortex” in human neuroimaging studies investigating spatial orientation often lie significantly outside of the retrosplenial cortex proper. This has led to a large and anatomically heterogenous region being ascribed numerous roles in spatial orientation and navigation. Here, we performed a meta-analysis of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) investigations of spatial orientation and navigation and have identified a ventral-dorsal functional specialization within the posterior cingulate for spatial encoding vs. spatial recall. Generally, ventral portions of the posterior cingulate cortex were more likely to be activated by spatial encoding, i.e., passive viewing of scenes or active navigation without a demand to respond, perform a spatial computation, or localize oneself in the environment. Conversely, dorsal portions of the posterior cingulate cortex were more likely to be activated by cognitive demands to recall spatial information or to produce judgments of distance or direction to non-visible locations or landmarks. The greatly varying resting-state functional connectivity profiles of the ventral (centroids at MNI −22, −60, 6 and 20, −56, 6) and dorsal (centroid at MNI 4, −60, 28) posterior cingulate regions identified in the meta-analysis supported the conclusion that these regions, which would commonly be labeled as “retrosplenial cortex,” should be more appropriately referred to as distinct subregions of the posterior cingulate cortex. We suggest that future studies investigating the role of the retrosplenial and posterior cingulate cortex in spatial tasks carefully localize activity in the context of these identifiable subregions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ford Burles
- Neurolab, Department of Psychology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Alberto Umiltá
- Neurolab, Department of Psychology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Liam H McFarlane
- Neurolab, Department of Psychology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kendra Potocki
- Neurolab, Department of Psychology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Giuseppe Iaria
- Neurolab, Department of Psychology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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89
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Peterson AC, Li CSR. Noradrenergic Dysfunction in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases-An Overview of Imaging Studies. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:127. [PMID: 29765316 PMCID: PMC5938376 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Noradrenergic dysfunction contributes to cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD). Conventional therapeutic strategies seek to enhance cholinergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission in AD and PD, respectively, and few studies have examined noradrenergic dysfunction as a target for medication development. We review the literature of noradrenergic dysfunction in AD and PD with a focus on human imaging studies that implicate the locus coeruleus (LC) circuit. The LC sends noradrenergic projections diffusely throughout the cerebral cortex and plays a critical role in attention, learning, working memory, and cognitive control. The LC undergoes considerable degeneration in both AD and PD. Advances in magnetic resonance imaging have facilitated greater understanding of how structural and functional alteration of the LC may contribute to cognitive decline in AD and PD. We discuss the potential roles of the noradrenergic system in the pathogenesis of AD and PD with an emphasis on postmortem anatomical studies, structural MRI studies, and functional MRI studies, where we highlight changes in LC connectivity with the default mode network (DMN). LC degeneration may accompany deficient capacity in suppressing DMN activity and increasing saliency and task control network activities to meet behavioral challenges. We finish by proposing potential and new directions of research to address noradrenergic dysfunction in AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Peterson
- Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, North Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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90
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Hartwigsen G, Neef NE, Camilleri JA, Margulies DS, Eickhoff SB. Functional Segregation of the Right Inferior Frontal Gyrus: Evidence From Coactivation-Based Parcellation. Cereb Cortex 2018; 29:1532-1546. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gesa Hartwigsen
- Research Group Modulation of Language Networks, Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicole E Neef
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia A Camilleri
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behavior (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Daniel S Margulies
- Frontlab, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UPMC UMRS 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behavior (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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91
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Craig MM, Manktelow AE, Sahakian BJ, Menon DK, Stamatakis EA. Spectral Diversity in Default Mode Network Connectivity Reflects Behavioral State. J Cogn Neurosci 2018; 30:526-539. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Default mode network (DMN) functional connectivity is thought to occur primarily in low frequencies (<0.1 Hz), resulting in most studies removing high frequencies during data preprocessing. In contrast, subtractive task analyses include high frequencies, as these are thought to be task relevant. An emerging line of research explores resting fMRI data at higher-frequency bands, examining the possibility that functional connectivity is a multiband phenomenon. Furthermore, recent studies suggest DMN involvement in cognitive processing; however, without a systematic investigation of DMN connectivity during tasks, its functional contribution to cognition cannot be fully understood. We bridged these concurrent lines of research by examining the contribution of high frequencies in the relationship between DMN and dorsal attention network at rest and during task execution. Our findings revealed that the inclusion of high frequencies alters between network connectivity, resulting in reduced anticorrelation and increased positive connectivity between DMN and dorsal attention network. Critically, increased positive connectivity was observed only during tasks, suggesting an important role for high-frequency fluctuations in functional integration. Moreover, within-DMN connectivity during task execution correlated with RT only when high frequencies were included. These results show that DMN does not simply deactivate during task execution and suggest active recruitment while performing cognitively demanding paradigms.
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92
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Koch G, Bonnì S, Pellicciari MC, Casula EP, Mancini M, Esposito R, Ponzo V, Picazio S, Di Lorenzo F, Serra L, Motta C, Maiella M, Marra C, Cercignani M, Martorana A, Caltagirone C, Bozzali M. Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the precuneus enhances memory and neural activity in prodromal Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimage 2018; 169:302-311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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93
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Bitsch F, Berger P, Nagels A, Falkenberg I, Straube B. The role of the right temporo-parietal junction in social decision-making. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:3072-3085. [PMID: 29582502 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying someone else's noncooperative intentions can prevent exploitation in social interactions. Hence, the inference of another person's mental state might be most pronounced in order to improve social decision-making. Here, we tested the hypothesis that brain regions associated with Theory of Mind (ToM), particularly the right temporo-parietal junction (rTPJ), show higher neural responses when interacting with a selfish person and that the rTPJ-activity as well as cooperative tendencies will change over time. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a modified prisoner's dilemma game in which 20 participants interacted with three fictive playing partners who behaved according to stable strategies either competitively, cooperatively or randomly during seven interaction blocks. The rTPJ and the posterior-medial prefrontal cortex showed higher activity during the interaction with a competitive compared with a cooperative playing partner. Only the rTPJ showed a high response during an early interaction phase, which preceded participants increase in defective decisions. Enhanced functional connectivity between the rTPJ and the left hippocampus suggests that social cognition and learning processes co-occur when behavioral adaptation seems beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Bitsch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Straße 8, 35039, Marburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Berger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Straße 8, 35039, Marburg, Germany
| | - Arne Nagels
- Department of English and Linguistics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Jakob-Welder-Weg 18, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Irina Falkenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Straße 8, 35039, Marburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Straube
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Straße 8, 35039, Marburg, Germany
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94
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Sato JR, Biazoli CE, Salum GA, Gadelha A, Crossley N, Vieira G, Zugman A, Picon FA, Pan PM, Hoexter MQ, Amaro E, Anés M, Moura LM, Del'Aquilla MAG, Mcguire P, Rohde LA, Miguel EC, Jackowski AP, Bressan RA. Association between abnormal brain functional connectivity in children and psychopathology: A study based on graph theory and machine learning. World J Biol Psychiatry 2018. [PMID: 28635541 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1274050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES One of the major challenges facing psychiatry is how to incorporate biological measures in the classification of mental health disorders. Many of these disorders affect brain development and its connectivity. In this study, we propose a novel method for assessing brain networks based on the combination of a graph theory measure (eigenvector centrality) and a one-class support vector machine (OC-SVM). METHODS We applied this approach to resting-state fMRI data from 622 children and adolescents. Eigenvector centrality (EVC) of nodes from positive- and negative-task networks were extracted from each subject and used as input to an OC-SVM to label individual brain networks as typical or atypical. We hypothesised that classification of these subjects regarding the pattern of brain connectivity would predict the level of psychopathology. RESULTS Subjects with atypical brain network organisation had higher levels of psychopathology (p < 0.001). There was a greater EVC in the typical group at the bilateral posterior cingulate and bilateral posterior temporal cortices; and significant decreases in EVC at left temporal pole. CONCLUSIONS The combination of graph theory methods and an OC-SVM is a promising method to characterise neurodevelopment, and may be useful to understand the deviations leading to mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Ricardo Sato
- a Center of Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC , Santo André , Brazil.,b Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Lab for Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC) , Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP) , Sao Paulo , Brazil.,c Department of Radiology , School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo , Brazil.,d National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents , CNPq , Brazil
| | - Claudinei Eduardo Biazoli
- a Center of Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC , Santo André , Brazil.,c Department of Radiology , School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Giovanni Abrahão Salum
- d National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents , CNPq , Brazil.,e Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre and Department of Psychiatry , Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Ary Gadelha
- b Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Lab for Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC) , Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP) , Sao Paulo , Brazil.,d National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents , CNPq , Brazil
| | - Nicolas Crossley
- f Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London , United Kingdom
| | - Gilson Vieira
- c Department of Radiology , School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo , Brazil.,g Bioinformatics Program , Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - André Zugman
- b Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Lab for Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC) , Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP) , Sao Paulo , Brazil.,d National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents , CNPq , Brazil
| | - Felipe Almeida Picon
- d National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents , CNPq , Brazil.,e Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre and Department of Psychiatry , Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Pedro Mario Pan
- b Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Lab for Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC) , Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP) , Sao Paulo , Brazil.,d National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents , CNPq , Brazil
| | - Marcelo Queiroz Hoexter
- b Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Lab for Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC) , Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP) , Sao Paulo , Brazil.,d National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents , CNPq , Brazil.,h Department of Psychiatry , School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Edson Amaro
- i Institute of Radiology (InRad), Faculdade de Medicina , Universidade de Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Mauricio Anés
- d National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents , CNPq , Brazil.,e Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre and Department of Psychiatry , Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Luciana Monteiro Moura
- b Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Lab for Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC) , Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP) , Sao Paulo , Brazil.,d National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents , CNPq , Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Gomes Del'Aquilla
- b Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Lab for Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC) , Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP) , Sao Paulo , Brazil.,d National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents , CNPq , Brazil
| | - Philip Mcguire
- f Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London , United Kingdom
| | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- d National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents , CNPq , Brazil.,e Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre and Department of Psychiatry , Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Euripedes Constantino Miguel
- d National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents , CNPq , Brazil.,h Department of Psychiatry , School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Andrea Parolin Jackowski
- b Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Lab for Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC) , Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP) , Sao Paulo , Brazil.,d National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents , CNPq , Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Affonseca Bressan
- b Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Lab for Clinical Neurosciences (LiNC) , Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP) , Sao Paulo , Brazil.,d National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents , CNPq , Brazil
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95
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Riedel MC, Yanes JA, Ray KL, Eickhoff SB, Fox PT, Sutherland MT, Laird AR. Dissociable meta-analytic brain networks contribute to coordinated emotional processing. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:2514-2531. [PMID: 29484767 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Meta-analytic techniques for mining the neuroimaging literature continue to exert an impact on our conceptualization of functional brain networks contributing to human emotion and cognition. Traditional theories regarding the neurobiological substrates contributing to affective processing are shifting from regional- towards more network-based heuristic frameworks. To elucidate differential brain network involvement linked to distinct aspects of emotion processing, we applied an emergent meta-analytic clustering approach to the extensive body of affective neuroimaging results archived in the BrainMap database. Specifically, we performed hierarchical clustering on the modeled activation maps from 1,747 experiments in the affective processing domain, resulting in five meta-analytic groupings of experiments demonstrating whole-brain recruitment. Behavioral inference analyses conducted for each of these groupings suggested dissociable networks supporting: (1) visual perception within primary and associative visual cortices, (2) auditory perception within primary auditory cortices, (3) attention to emotionally salient information within insular, anterior cingulate, and subcortical regions, (4) appraisal and prediction of emotional events within medial prefrontal and posterior cingulate cortices, and (5) induction of emotional responses within amygdala and fusiform gyri. These meta-analytic outcomes are consistent with a contemporary psychological model of affective processing in which emotionally salient information from perceived stimuli are integrated with previous experiences to engender a subjective affective response. This study highlights the utility of using emergent meta-analytic methods to inform and extend psychological theories and suggests that emotions are manifest as the eventual consequence of interactions between large-scale brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Riedel
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Julio A Yanes
- Department of Psychology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Kimberly L Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas.,South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas.,State Key Laboratory for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Angela R Laird
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
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96
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Park BY, Tark KJ, Shim WM, Park H. Functional connectivity based parcellation of early visual cortices. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 39:1380-1390. [PMID: 29250855 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Human brain can be divided into multiple brain regions based on anatomical and functional properties. Recent studies showed that resting-state connectivity can be utilized for parcellating brain regions and identifying their distinctive roles. In this study, we aimed to parcellate the primary and secondary visual cortices (V1 and V2) into several subregions based on functional connectivity and to examine the functional characteristics of each subregion. We used resting-state data from a research database and also acquired resting-state data with retinotopy results from a local site. The long-range connectivity profile and three different algorithms (i.e., K-means, Gaussian mixture model distribution, and Ward's clustering algorithms) were adopted for the parcellation. We compared the parcellation results within V1 and V2 with the eccentric map in retinotopy. We found that the boundaries between subregions within V1 and V2 were located in the parafovea, indicating that the anterior and posterior subregions within V1 and V2 corresponded to peripheral and central visual field representations, respectively. Next, we computed correlations between each subregion within V1 and V2 and intermediate and high-order regions in ventral and dorsal visual pathways. We found that the anterior subregions of V1 and V2 were strongly associated with regions in the dorsal stream (V3A and inferior parietal gyrus), whereas the posterior subregions of V1 and V2 were highly related to regions in the ventral stream (V4v and inferior temporal gyrus). Our findings suggest that the anterior and posterior subregions of V1 and V2, parcellated based on functional connectivity, may have distinct functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Yong Park
- Department of Electronic, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea.,Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, Korea
| | - Kyeong-Jin Tark
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, Korea
| | - Won Mok Shim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyunjin Park
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, Korea.,School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
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97
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Axelrod V, Rees G, Bar M. The default network and the combination of cognitive processes that mediate self-generated thought. Nat Hum Behav 2017; 1:896-910. [PMID: 30035236 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-017-0244-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Self-generated cognitions, such as recalling personal memories or empathizing with others, are ubiquitous and essential for our lives. Such internal mental processing is ascribed to the Default Mode Network, a large network of the human brain, though the underlying neural and cognitive mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that our mental experience is mediated by a combination of activities of multiple cognitive processes. Our study included four functional MRI experiments with the same participants and a wide range of cognitive tasks, as well as an analytical approach that afforded the identification of cognitive processes during self-generated cognition. We showed that several cognitive processes functioned simultaneously during self-generated mental activity. The processes had specific and localized neural representations, suggesting that they support different aspects of internal processing. Overall, we demonstrate that internally directed experience may be achieved by pooling over multiple cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Axelrod
- Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel. .,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Geraint Rees
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Moshe Bar
- Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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98
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Lefort-Besnard J, Bassett DS, Smallwood J, Margulies DS, Derntl B, Gruber O, Aleman A, Jardri R, Varoquaux G, Thirion B, Eickhoff SB, Bzdok D. Different shades of default mode disturbance in schizophrenia: Subnodal covariance estimation in structure and function. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 39:644-661. [PMID: 29105239 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a devastating mental disease with an apparent disruption in the highly associative default mode network (DMN). Interplay between this canonical network and others probably contributes to goal-directed behavior so its disturbance is a candidate neural fingerprint underlying schizophrenia psychopathology. Previous research has reported both hyperconnectivity and hypoconnectivity within the DMN, and both increased and decreased DMN coupling with the multimodal saliency network (SN) and dorsal attention network (DAN). This study systematically revisited network disruption in patients with schizophrenia using data-derived network atlases and multivariate pattern-learning algorithms in a multisite dataset (n = 325). Resting-state fluctuations in unconstrained brain states were used to estimate functional connectivity, and local volume differences between individuals were used to estimate structural co-occurrence within and between the DMN, SN, and DAN. In brain structure and function, sparse inverse covariance estimates of network coupling were used to characterize healthy participants and patients with schizophrenia, and to identify statistically significant group differences. Evidence did not confirm that the backbone of the DMN was the primary driver of brain dysfunction in schizophrenia. Instead, functional and structural aberrations were frequently located outside of the DMN core, such as in the anterior temporoparietal junction and precuneus. Additionally, functional covariation analyses highlighted dysfunctional DMN-DAN coupling, while structural covariation results highlighted aberrant DMN-SN coupling. Our findings reframe the role of the DMN core and its relation to canonical networks in schizophrenia. We thus underline the importance of large-scale neural interactions as effective biomarkers and indicators of how to tailor psychiatric care to single patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Lefort-Besnard
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Danielle S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA.,Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan Smallwood
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel S Margulies
- Max Planck Research Group for Neuroanatomy and Connectivity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Birgit Derntl
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Germany.,Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA) - Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Gruber
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andre Aleman
- BCN Neuroimaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Renaud Jardri
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Lille, CNRS UMR9193, SCALab & CHU Lille, Fontan Hospital, CURE platform, Lille, 59000, France
| | | | | | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, 52425, Germany
| | - Danilo Bzdok
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Germany.,Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA) - Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany.,Parietal Team, INRIA/Neurospin Saclay, France
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99
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Osada T, Suzuki R, Ogawa A, Tanaka M, Hori M, Aoki S, Tamura Y, Watada H, Kawamori R, Konishi S. Functional subdivisions of the hypothalamus using areal parcellation and their signal changes related to glucose metabolism. Neuroimage 2017; 162:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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100
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Cheng Y, Chen C, Decety J. How Situational Context Impacts Empathic Responses and Brain Activation Patterns. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:165. [PMID: 28928643 PMCID: PMC5591329 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical empathy, which is defined as the ability to understand the patient’s experience and feelings from the patient’s perspective, is acknowledged to be an important aspect of quality healthcare. However, how work experience modulates the empathic responses and brain activation patterns in medical professions remains elusive. This fMRI study recruited one hundred female nurses, who varied the length of work experience, and examined how their neural response, functional connectivity, and subjective evaluations of valence and arousal to perceiving another individual in physical pain are modulated by the situational context in which they occur (i.e., in a hospital or at home). Participants with longer hospital terms evaluated pain as less negative in valence and arousal when occurring in a hospital context, but not in a home context. Physical pain perceived in a hospital compared to a home context produced stronger activity in the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ). The reverse comparison resulted in an increased activity in the insula and anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC). Mediation analysis indicated that reduced personal accomplishment, a symptom of burnout, breaks down the mediation effect of the putamen on context-dependent valence ratings. Overall, the study demonstrates how situational contexts significantly influence individuals’ empathic processing, and that perceiving reward from patient care protects them from burnout. HighlightsDifferences in behavior ratings and brain activations between medical practitioners perceiving others’ pain in a hospital and at home. Situational contexts significantly influence individual’s empathic processing. Perceiving rewards from patient care protects medical practitioners from burnout. Empathy is a flexible phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Cheng
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming UniversityTaipei, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Yang-Ming University HospitalYilan, Taiwan
| | - Chenyi Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming UniversityTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Jean Decety
- Department of Psychology and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of ChicagoChicago, IL, United States
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