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Novel conjugates of aminoadamantanes with carbazole derivatives as potential multitarget agents for AD treatment. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45627. [PMID: 28358144 PMCID: PMC5372361 DOI: 10.1038/srep45627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new group of compounds, promising for the design of original multitarget therapeutic agents for treating neurodegenerative diseases, based on conjugates of aminoadamantane and carbazole derivatives was synthesized and investigated. Compounds of these series were found to interact with a group of targets that play an important role in the development of this type of diseases. First of all, these compounds selectively inhibit butyrylcholinesterase, block NMDA receptors containing NR2B subunits while maintaining the properties of MK-801 binding site blockers, exert microtubules stabilizing properties, and possess the ability to protect nerve cells from death at the calcium overload conditions. The leading compound C-2h has been shown the most promising effects on all analyzed parameters. Thus, these compounds can be regarded as promising candidates for the design of multi-target disease-modifying drugs for treatment of AD and/or similar neuropathologies.
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Treviño S, Vázquez-Roque RA, López-López G, Perez-Cruz C, Moran C, Handal-Silva A, González-Vergara E, Flores G, Guevara J, Díaz A. Metabolic syndrome causes recognition impairments and reduced hippocampal neuronal plasticity in rats. J Chem Neuroanat 2017; 82:65-75. [PMID: 28219715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a serious public health problem, which can promote neuronal alterations in cognitive regions related to learning and memory processes, such as the hippocampus. However, up to now there has been information of a regional segregation of this damage. In this study, we evaluate the MS effect on the neuronal morphology of the hippocampus. Our results demonstrate that 90days of a high-calorie diet alters the metabolic energy markers causing the MS and causes memory impairments, evaluated by the recognition of novel objects test (NORT). In addition, MS animals showed significant differences in dendritic order, total dendritic length and density of dendritic spines in CA1, CA3 and the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampal area, compared with rats fed with a normocaloric diet (vehicle group). Furthermore, the immunoreactivity to synaptophysin (Syp) decreased in the hippocampus of the MS animals compared to the vehicle group. These results indicate that metabolic alterations induced by the MS affect hippocampal plasticity and hippocampal dependent memory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Treviño
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue., Mexico
| | - Rubén A Vázquez-Roque
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue., Mexico
| | - Gustavo López-López
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue., Mexico
| | - Claudia Perez-Cruz
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Avanzados, CINVESTAV, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carolina Moran
- Departamento de Biología y Toxicología de la Reproducción, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue., Mexico
| | - Anabella Handal-Silva
- Departamento de Biología y Toxicología de la Reproducción, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue., Mexico
| | - Enrique González-Vergara
- Centro de Química, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue., Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue., Mexico
| | - Jorge Guevara
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Díaz
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue., Mexico.
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53
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Zhang W, Wu Q, Lu YL, Gong QH, Zhang F, Shi JS. Protective effects of Dendrobium nobile Lindl. alkaloids on amyloid beta (25-35)-induced neuronal injury. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1131-1136. [PMID: 28852396 PMCID: PMC5558493 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.211193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrobium nobile Lindl. alkaloids (DNLA), the active ingredients of a traditional Chinese medicine Dendrobium, have been shown to have anti-oxidative effects, anti-inflammatory action, and protective effect on neurons against oxygen-glucose deprivation. However, it is not clear whether DNLA reduces amyloid-beta (Aβ)-induced neuronal injury. In this study, cortical neurons were treated with DNLA at different concentrations (0.025, 0.25, and 2.5 mg/L) for 24 hours, followed by administration of Aβ25-35 (10 μM). Aβ25-35 treatments increased cell injury as determined by the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase, which was accompanied by chromatin condensation and mitochondrial tumefaction. The damage caused by Aβ25-35 on these cellular properties was markedly attenuated when cells were pretreated with DNLA. Treatment with Aβ25-35 down-regulated the expressions of postsynaptic density-95 mRNA and decreased the protein expression of synaptophysin and postsynaptic density-95, all changes were significantly reduced by pretreatment of cells with DNLA. These findings suggest that DNLA reduces the cytotoxicity induced by Aβ25-35 in rat primary cultured neurons. The protective mechanism that DNLA confers on the synaptic integrity of cultured neurons might be mediated, at least in part, through the upregulation of neurogenesis related proteins synaptophysin and postsynaptic density-95.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Qin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yan-Liu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Qi-Hai Gong
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jing-Shan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
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54
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Glutamate-glutamine and GABA in brain of normal aged and patients with cognitive impairment. Eur Radiol 2016; 27:2698-2705. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-016-4669-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Tomasini MC, Borelli AC, Beggiato S, Ferraro L, Cassano T, Tanganelli S, Antonelli T. Differential Effects of Palmitoylethanolamide against Amyloid-β Induced Toxicity in Cortical Neuronal and Astrocytic Primary Cultures from Wild-Type and 3xTg-AD Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 46:407-21. [PMID: 25765918 DOI: 10.3233/jad-143039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the heterogeneity of pathological changes occurring in Alzheimer's disease (AD), a therapeutic approach aimed both to neuroprotection and to neuroinflammation reduction may prove effective. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) has attracted attention for its anti-inflammatory/neuroprotective properties observed in AD animal models. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS We evaluated the protective role of PEA against amyloid-β₄₂ (Aβ₄₂) toxicity on cell viability and glutamatergic transmission in primary cultures of cerebral cortex neurons and astrocytes from the triple-transgenic murine model of AD (3xTg-AD) and their wild-type littermates (non-Tg) mice. RESULTS Aβ₄₂ (0.5 μM; 24 h) affects the cell viability in cultured cortical neurons and astrocytes from non-Tg mice, but not in those from 3xTg-AD mice. These effects were counteracted by the pretreatment with PEA (0.1 μM). Basal glutamate levels in cultured neurons and astrocytes from 3xTg-AD mice were lower than those observed in cultured cells from non-Tg mice. Aβ₄₂-exposure reduced and increased glutamate levels in non-Tg mouse cortical neurons and astrocytes, respectively. These effects were counteracted by the pretreatment with PEA. By itself, PEA did not affect cell viability and glutamate levels in cultured cortical neurons and astrocytes from non-Tg or 3xTg-AD mice. CONCLUSION The exposure to Aβ₄₂ induced toxic effects on cultured cortical neurons and astrocytes from non-Tg mice, but not in those from 3xTg-AD mice. Furthermore, PEA exerts differential effects against Aβ₄₂-induced toxicity in primary cultures of cortical neurons and astrocytes from non-Tg and 3xTg-AD mice. In particular, PEA displays protective properties in non-Tg but not in 3xTg-AD mouse neuronal cultured cells overexpressing Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Tomasini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Italy.,IRET Foundation, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Sarah Beggiato
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Italy.,IRET Foundation, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Ferraro
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Italy.,IRET Foundation, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.,LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Tommaso Cassano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Italy
| | - Sergio Tanganelli
- IRET Foundation, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy.,LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Tiziana Antonelli
- IRET Foundation, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy.,LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Italy
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56
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Rodriguez-Perdigon M, Tordera RM, Gil-Bea FJ, Gerenu G, Ramirez MJ, Solas M. Down-regulation of glutamatergic terminals (VGLUT1) driven by Aβ in Alzheimer's disease. Hippocampus 2016; 26:1303-12. [PMID: 27258819 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized phenotypically by memory impairment, histologically by accumulation of pTau and β-amyloid peptide and morphologically by a loss of nerve terminals in cortical and hippocampal regions. As glutamate is the principle excitatory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system (CNS), the glutamatergic system may play an important role in AD. To date, not many studies have addressed the deleterious effects of Aβ on glutamatergic terminals; therefore the aim of this study was to investigate how Aβ affects glutamatergic terminals and to assess the extent to which alterations in the glutamatergic neurotransmission could impact susceptibility to the illness. The present study shows that Aβ caused a loss of glutamatergic terminals, measured by VGLUT1 protein levels, in Tg2576 primary cell cultures, Tg2576 mice and AD patient brains, and also when Aβ was added exogenously to hippocampal cell cultures. Interestingly, no correlation was found between cognition and decreased VGLUT1 levels. Moreover, when Aβ1-42 was intracerebroventricularlly administered into VGLUT1+/- mice, altered synaptic plasticity and increased neuroinflammation was observed in the hippocampus of those animals. In conclusion, the present study not only revealed susceptibility of glutamatergic nerve terminals to Aβ induced toxicity but also underlined the importance of VGLUT1 in the progression of AD, as the decrease of this protein levels could increase the susceptibility to subsequent deleterious inputs by exacerbating Aβ induced neuroinflammation and synaptic plasticity disruption. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosa María Tordera
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.,IdiSNA Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Gil-Bea
- Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Neuroscience, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gorka Gerenu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Maria Javier Ramirez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.,IdiSNA Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maite Solas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain. .,IdiSNA Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.
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57
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Nam KN, Mounier A, Fitz NF, Wolfe C, Schug J, Lefterov I, Koldamova R. RXR controlled regulatory networks identified in mouse brain counteract deleterious effects of Aβ oligomers. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24048. [PMID: 27051978 PMCID: PMC4823697 DOI: 10.1038/srep24048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bexarotene, a selective agonist for Retinoid X receptors (RXR) improves cognitive deficits and amyloid-β (Aβ) clearance in mice. Here we examine if the effect of bexarotene on RXR cistrome and transcriptomes depend on APOE isoform and Aβ deposition. We found bexarotene increased RXR binding to promoter regions in cortex of APOE3 mice. Rho family GTPases and Wnt signaling pathway were highly enriched in ChIP-seq and RNA-seq datasets and members of those pathways - Lrp1, Lrp5, Sfrp5 and Sema3f were validated. The effect of APOE isoform was compared in APOE3 and APOE4 mice and we found significant overlapping in affected pathways. ChIP-seq using mouse embryonic stem cells and enrichment levels of histone marks H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 revealed that, bexarotene induced epigenetic changes, consistent with increased neuronal differentiation and in correlation with changes in transcription. Comparison of transcriptome in APOE3 and APP/APOE3 mice revealed that amyloid deposition significantly affects the response to bexarotene. In primary neurons, bexarotene ameliorated the damaged dendrite complexity and loss of neurites caused by Aβ42. Finally, we show that the disruption of actin cytoskeleton induced by Aβ42in vitro was inhibited by bexarotene treatment. Our results suggest a mechanism to establish RXR therapeutic targets with significance in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong Nyon Nam
- Department of Environmental &Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Anais Mounier
- Department of Environmental &Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Nicholas F Fitz
- Department of Environmental &Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Cody Wolfe
- Department of Environmental &Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Jonathan Schug
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Iliya Lefterov
- Department of Environmental &Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Radosveta Koldamova
- Department of Environmental &Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
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58
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Osborne DM, Fitzgerald DP, O'Leary KE, Anderson BM, Lee CC, Tessier PM, McNay EC. Intrahippocampal administration of a domain antibody that binds aggregated amyloid-β reverses cognitive deficits produced by diet-induced obesity. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1291-8. [PMID: 26970498 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of high fat diets (HFD), diet-induced obesity (DIO) and Type 2 diabetes continues to increase, associated with cognitive impairment in both humans and rodent models. Mechanisms transducing these impairments remain largely unknown: one possibility is that a common mechanism may be involved in the cognitive impairment seen in obese and/or diabetic states and in dementia, specifically Alzheimer's disease (AD). DIO is well established as a risk factor for development of AD. Oligomeric amyloid-β (Aβ) is neurotoxic, and we showed that intrahippocampal oligomeric Aβ produces cognitive and metabolic dysfunction similar to that seen in DIO or diabetes. Moreover, animal models of DIO show elevated brain Aβ, a hallmark of AD, suggesting that this may be one source of cognitive impairment in both conditions. METHODS Intrahippocampal administration of a novel anti-Aβ domain antibody for aggregated Aβ, or a control domain antibody, to control or HFD-induced DIO rats. Spatial learning measured in a conditioned contextual fear (CCF) task after domain antibody treatment; postmortem, hippocampal NMDAR and AMPAR were measured. RESULTS DIO caused impairment in CCF, and this impairment was eliminated by intrahippocampal administration of the active domain antibody. Measurement of hippocampal proteins suggests that DIO causes dysregulation of hippocampal AMPA receptors, which is also reversed by acute domain antibody administration. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the concept that oligomeric Aβ within the hippocampus of DIO animals may not only be a risk factor for development of AD but may also cause cognitive impairment before the development of dementia. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE AND INTEREST Our work integrates the engineering of domain antibodies with conformational- and sequence-specificity for oligomeric amyloid beta with a clinically relevant model of diet-induced obesity in order to demonstrate not only the pervasive effects of obesity on several aspects of brain biochemistry and behavior, but also the bioengineering of a successful treatment against the long-term detrimental effects of a pre-diabetic state on the brain. We show for the first time that cognitive impairment linked to obesity and/or insulin resistance may be due to early accumulation of oligomeric beta-amyloid in the brain, and hence may represent a pre-Alzheimer's state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Osborne
- Behavioral Neuroscience, University at Albany, Albany, NY, United States; Center for Neuroscience Research, University at Albany, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Dennis P Fitzgerald
- Hofstra North Shore-Long Island School of Medicine, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Kelsey E O'Leary
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Brian M Anderson
- Center for Neuropharmacology and Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Christine C Lee
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Peter M Tessier
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Ewan C McNay
- Behavioral Neuroscience, University at Albany, Albany, NY, United States; Center for Neuroscience Research, University at Albany, Albany, NY, United States; Biological Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY, United States.
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Ramos-Miguel A, Hercher C, Beasley CL, Barr AM, Bayer TA, Falkai P, Leurgans SE, Schneider JA, Bennett DA, Honer WG. Loss of Munc18-1 long splice variant in GABAergic terminals is associated with cognitive decline and increased risk of dementia in a community sample. Mol Neurodegener 2015; 10:65. [PMID: 26628003 PMCID: PMC4667524 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-015-0061-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Presynaptic terminals contribute to cognitive reserve, balancing the effects of age-related pathologies on cognitive function in the elderly. The presynaptic protein Munc18-1, alternatively spliced into long (M18L) or short (M18S) isoforms, is a critical modulator of neurotransmission. While subtle alterations in Munc18-1 have been shown to cause severe neuropsychiatric disorders with cognitive impairment, little information is known regarding the specific roles of Munc18-1 splice variants. We first investigated functional and anatomical features evidencing the divergent roles of M18L and M18S, and then evaluated their contribution to the full range of age-related cognitive impairment in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of a large sample of participants from a community-based aging study, including subjects with no-(NCI, n = 90), or mild-(MCI, n = 86) cognitive impairment, or with clinical dementia (n = 132). Finally, we used APP23 mutant mice to study the association between M18L/S and the time-dependent accumulation of common Alzheimer's disease pathology. RESULTS Using isoform-specific antibodies, M18L was localized to the synaptosomal fraction, with a distribution matching lipid raft microdomains. M18S was found widely across cytosolic and synaptosomal compartments. Immunocytochemical studies identified M18L in perisomatic, GABAergic terminals, while M18S was broadly distributed in GABAergic and glutamatergic terminals. Using regression models taking into account multiple age-related pathologies, age, education and sex, global cognitive function was associated with the level of M18L (p = 0.006) but not M18S (p = 0.88). Mean M18L in dementia cases was 51 % lower than in NCI cases (p < 0.001), and each unit of M18L was associated with a lower likelihood of dementia (odds ratio = 0.68, 95 % confidence interval = 0.50-0.90, p = 0.008). In contrast, M18S balanced across clinical and pathologically diagnosed groups. M18L loss may not be caused by age-related amyloid pathology, since APP23 mice (12- and 22-months of age) had unchanged cortical levels of M18L/S compared with wild-type animals. CONCLUSIONS M18L was localized to presynaptic inhibitory terminals, and was associated with cognitive function and protection from dementia in an elderly, community-based cohort. Lower M18L in inhibitory presynaptic terminals may be an early, independent contributor to cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Ramos-Miguel
- Child and Family Research Institute, 938 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A1, Canada.
| | - Christa Hercher
- Child and Family Research Institute, 938 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A1, Canada.
| | - Clare L Beasley
- Child and Family Research Institute, 938 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A1, Canada.
| | - Alasdair M Barr
- Child and Family Research Institute, 938 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Thomas A Bayer
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine Goettingen, von-Siebold-Strasse 5, D-37075, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, D-80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - Sue E Leurgans
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, 600S. Paulina Street, IL, 60612, Chicago, USA.
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, 600S. Paulina Street, IL, 60612, Chicago, USA.
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, 600S. Paulina Street, IL, 60612, Chicago, USA.
| | - William G Honer
- Child and Family Research Institute, 938 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A1, Canada.
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60
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The Association of Amyloid-β Protein Precursor With α- and β-Secretases in Mouse Cerebral Cortex Synapses Is Altered in Early Alzheimer’s Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:5710-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9491-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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61
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Duarte JMN. Metabolic Alterations Associated to Brain Dysfunction in Diabetes. Aging Dis 2015; 6:304-21. [PMID: 26425386 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2014.1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
From epidemiological studies it is known that diabetes patients display increased risk of developing dementia. Moreover, cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are also accompanied by impaired glucose homeostasis and insulin signalling. Although there is plenty of evidence for a connection between insulin-resistant diabetes and AD, definitive linking mechanisms remain elusive. Cerebrovascular complications of diabetes, alterations in glucose homeostasis and insulin signalling, as well as recurrent hypoglycaemia are the factors that most likely affect brain function and structure. While difficult to study in patients, the mechanisms by which diabetes leads to brain dysfunction have been investigated in experimental models that display phenotypes of the disease. The present article reviews the impact of diabetes and AD on brain structure and function, and discusses recent findings from translational studies in animal models that link insulin resistance to metabolic alterations that underlie brain dysfunction. Such modifications of brain metabolism are likely to occur at early stages of neurodegeneration and impact regional neurochemical profiles and constitute non-invasive biomarkers detectable by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).
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Affiliation(s)
- João M N Duarte
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging (LIFMET), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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62
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Makhaeva GF, Lushchekina SV, Boltneva NP, Sokolov VB, Grigoriev VV, Serebryakova OG, Vikhareva EA, Aksinenko AY, Barreto GE, Aliev G, Bachurin SO. Conjugates of γ-Carbolines and Phenothiazine as new selective inhibitors of butyrylcholinesterase and blockers of NMDA receptors for Alzheimer Disease. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13164. [PMID: 26281952 PMCID: PMC4642525 DOI: 10.1038/srep13164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease is a multifactorial pathology and the development of new multitarget neuroprotective drugs is promising and attractive. We synthesized a group of original compounds, which combine in one molecule γ-carboline fragment of dimebon and phenothiazine core of methylene blue (MB) linked by 1-oxo- and 2-hydroxypropylene spacers. Inhibitory activity of the conjugates toward acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and structurally close to them carboxylesterase (CaE), as well their binding to NMDA-receptors were evaluated in vitro and in silico. These newly synthesized compounds showed significantly higher inhibitory activity toward BChE with IC50 values in submicromolar and micromolar range and exhibited selective inhibitory action against BChE over AChE and CaE. Kinetic studies for the 9 most active compounds indicated that majority of them were mixed-type BChE inhibitors. The main specific protein-ligand interaction is π-π stacking of phenothiazine ring with indole group of Trp82. These compounds emerge as promising safe multitarget ligands for the further development of a therapeutic approach against aging-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer and/or other pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina F Makhaeva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Sofya V Lushchekina
- 1] Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia [2] Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Natalia P Boltneva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Vladimir B Sokolov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Grigoriev
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Olga G Serebryakova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Vikhareva
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Alexey Yu Aksinenko
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - George E Barreto
- 1] Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia [2] Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- 1] GALLY International Biomedical Research Consulting LLC., San Antonio, TX 78229, USA [2] School of Health Science and Healthcare Administration, University of Atlanta, Johns Creek, GA 30097, USA
| | - Sergey O Bachurin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
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Beta-amyloid oligomers induce early loss of presynaptic proteins in primary neurons by caspase-dependent and proteasome-dependent mechanisms. Neuroreport 2015; 25:1281-8. [PMID: 25275636 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Beta-amyloid is a major pathogenic molecule for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and can be aggregated into a soluble oligomer, which is a toxic intermediate, before amyloid fibril formation. Beta-amyloid oligomers are associated closely with early synaptic loss in AD. However, it is still unknown which synaptic proteins are involved in the synaptotoxicity, and a direct comparison among the synaptic proteins should also be addressed. Here, we investigated changes in the expression of several presynaptic and postsynaptic proteins in primary neurons after treatment with a low-molecular weight and a high-molecular weight beta-amyloid oligomer. Both oligomers induced early neuronal dysfunction after 4 h and significantly reduced presynaptic protein (synaptophysin, syntaxin, synapsin, and synaptotagmin) expression. However, the expression of postsynaptic proteins (PSD95, NMDAR2A/B, and GluR2/3), except NMDAR1 was not reduced, and some protein expression levels were increased. Glutamate treatment, which is correlated with postsynaptic activation, showed more postsynaptic-specific protein loss compared with beta-amyloid oligomer treatment. Finally, the caspase inhibitor zVAD and the proteasomal inhibitor MG132 attenuated presynaptic protein loss. Thus, our data showed changes in synaptic proteins by beta-amyloid oligomers, which provides an understanding of early synaptotoxicity and suggests new approaches for AD treatment.
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Gonçalves FQ, Pires J, Pliassova A, Beleza R, Lemos C, Marques JM, Rodrigues RJ, Canas PM, Köfalvi A, Cunha RA, Rial D. Adenosine A2b receptors control A1 receptor-mediated inhibition of synaptic transmission in the mouse hippocampus. Eur J Neurosci 2015; 41:878-88. [PMID: 25704806 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine is a neuromodulator mostly acting through A1 (inhibitory) and A2A (excitatory) receptors in the brain. A2B receptors (A(2B)R) are G(s/q)--protein-coupled receptors with low expression in the brain. As A(2B)R function is largely unknown, we have now explored their role in the mouse hippocampus. We performed electrophysiological extracellular recordings in mouse hippocampal slices, and immunological analysis of nerve terminals and glutamate release in hippocampal slices and synaptosomes. Additionally, A(2B)R-knockout (A(2B)R-KO) and C57/BL6 mice were submitted to a behavioural test battery (open field, elevated plus-maze, Y-maze). The A(2B)R agonist BAY60-6583 (300 nM) decreased the paired-pulse stimulation ratio, an effect prevented by the A(2B)R antagonist MRS 1754 (200 nM) and abrogated in A(2B)R-KO mice. Accordingly, A(2B)R immunoreactivity was present in 73 ± 5% of glutamatergic nerve terminals, i.e. those immunopositive for vesicular glutamate transporters. Furthermore, BAY 60-6583 attenuated the A(1)R control of synaptic transmission, both the A(1)R inhibition caused by 2-chloroadenosine (0.1-1 μM) and the disinhibition caused by the A(1)R antagonist DPCPX (100 nM), both effects prevented by MRS 1754 and abrogated in A(2B)R-KO mice. BAY 60-6583 decreased glutamate release in slices and also attenuated the A(1)R inhibition (CPA 100 nM). A(2B)R-KO mice displayed a modified exploratory behaviour with an increased time in the central areas of the open field, elevated plus-maze and the Y-maze and no alteration of locomotion, anxiety or working memory. We conclude that A(2B)R are present in hippocampal glutamatergic terminals where they counteract the predominant A(1)R-mediated inhibition of synaptic transmission, impacting on exploratory behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Q Gonçalves
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
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65
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Hyperactivation of D1 and A2A receptors contributes to cognitive dysfunction in Huntington's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 74:41-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Tucci P, Mhillaj E, Morgese MG, Colaianna M, Zotti M, Schiavone S, Cicerale M, Trezza V, Campolongo P, Cuomo V, Trabace L. Memantine prevents memory consolidation failure induced by soluble beta amyloid in rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:332. [PMID: 25285073 PMCID: PMC4168698 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been well documented that β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide accumulation and aggregation in the brain plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, a new orientation of the amyloid cascade hypothesis has evidenced that soluble forms of the peptide (sAβ) are involved in Aβ-induced cognitive impairment and cause rapid disruption of the synaptic mechanisms underlying memory. The primary aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of sAβ, acutely injected intracerebrally (i.c.v., 4 μM), on the short term and long term memory of young adult male rats, by using the novel object recognition task. Glutamatergic receptors have been proposed as mediating the effect of Aβ on synaptic plasticity and memory. Thus, we also investigated the effects of sAβ on prefrontal cortex (PFC) glutamate release and the specific contribution of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor modulation to the effects of sAβ administration on the cognitive parameters evaluated. We found that a single i.c.v. injection of sAβ 2 h before testing did not alter the ability of rats to differentiate between a familiar and a novel object, in a short term memory test, while it was able to negatively affect consolidation/retrieval of long term memory. Moreover, a significant increase of glutamate levels was found in PFC of rats treated with the peptide 2 h earlier. Interestingly, memory deficit induced by sAβ was reversed by a NMDA-receptor antagonist, memantine (5 mg/kg i.p), administered immediately after the familiarization trial (T1). On the contrary, memantine administered 30 min before T1 trial, was not able to rescue long term memory impairment. Taken together, our results suggest that an acute i.c.v. injection of sAβ peptide interferes with the consolidation/retrieval of long term memory. Moreover, such sAβ-induced effect indicates the involvement of glutamatergic system, proposing that NMDA receptor inhibition might prevent or lead to the recovery of early cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Tucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Foggia Foggia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mhillaj
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Foggia Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Morgese
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Foggia Foggia, Italy
| | - Marilena Colaianna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Margherita Zotti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Foggia Foggia, Italy
| | - Stefania Schiavone
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Cicerale
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Foggia Foggia, Italy
| | - Viviana Trezza
- Department of Sciences, University "Roma Tre" Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Campolongo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, La Sapienza, University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cuomo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, La Sapienza, University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Luigia Trabace
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Foggia Foggia, Italy
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Nava-Mesa MO, Jiménez-Díaz L, Yajeya J, Navarro-Lopez JD. GABAergic neurotransmission and new strategies of neuromodulation to compensate synaptic dysfunction in early stages of Alzheimer's disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:167. [PMID: 24987334 PMCID: PMC4070063 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive decline, brain atrophy due to neuronal and synapse loss, and formation of two pathological lesions: extracellular amyloid plaques, composed largely of amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ), and neurofibrillary tangles formed by intracellular aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Lesions mainly accumulate in brain regions that modulate cognitive functions such as the hippocampus, septum or amygdala. These brain structures have dense reciprocal glutamatergic, cholinergic, and GABAergic connections and their relationships directly affect learning and memory processes, so they have been proposed as highly susceptible regions to suffer damage by Aβ during AD course. Last findings support the emerging concept that soluble Aβ peptides, inducing an initial stage of synaptic dysfunction which probably starts 20–30 years before the clinical onset of AD, can perturb the excitatory–inhibitory balance of neural circuitries. In turn, neurotransmission imbalance will result in altered network activity that might be responsible of cognitive deficits in AD. Therefore, Aβ interactions on neurotransmission systems in memory-related brain regions such as amygdaloid complex, medial septum or hippocampus are critical in cognitive functions and appear as a pivotal target for drug design to improve learning and dysfunctions that manifest with age. Since treatments based on glutamatergic and cholinergic pharmacology in AD have shown limited success, therapies combining modulators of different neurotransmission systems including recent findings regarding the GABAergic system, emerge as a more useful tool for the treatment, and overall prevention, of this dementia. In this review, focused on inhibitory systems, we will analyze pharmacological strategies to compensate neurotransmission imbalance that might be considered as potential therapeutic interventions in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lydia Jiménez-Díaz
- Neurophysiology and Behavior Lab, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Javier Yajeya
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan D Navarro-Lopez
- Neurophysiology and Behavior Lab, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha Ciudad Real, Spain
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68
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Glutamatergic transmission aberration: a major cause of behavioral deficits in a murine model of Down's syndrome. J Neurosci 2014; 34:5099-106. [PMID: 24719089 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5338-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Trisomy 21, or Down's syndrome (DS), is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability. Altered neurotransmission in the brains of DS patients leads to hippocampus-dependent learning and memory deficiency. Although genetic mouse models have provided important insights into the genes and mechanisms responsible for DS-specific changes, the molecular mechanisms leading to memory deficits are not clear. We investigated whether the segmental trisomy model of DS, Ts[Rb(12.1716)]2Cje (Ts2), exhibits hippocampal glutamatergic transmission abnormalities and whether these alterations cause behavioral deficits. Behavioral assays demonstrated that Ts2 mice display a deficit in nest building behavior, a measure of hippocampus-dependent nonlearned behavior, as well as dysfunctional hippocampus-dependent spatial memory tested in the object-placement and the Y-maze spontaneous alternation tasks. Magnetic resonance spectra measured in the hippocampi revealed a significantly lower glutamate concentration in Ts2 as compared with normal disomic (2N) littermates. The glutamate deficit accompanied hippocampal NMDA receptor1 (NMDA-R1) mRNA and protein expression level downregulation in Ts2 compared with 2N mice. In concert with these alterations, paired-pulse analyses suggested enhanced synaptic inhibition and/or lack of facilitation in the dentate gyrus of Ts2 compared with 2N mice. Ts2 mice also exhibited disrupted synaptic plasticity in slice recordings of the hippocampal CA1 region. Collectively, these findings imply that deficits in glutamate and NMDA-R1 may be responsible for impairments in synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus associated with behavioral dysfunctions in Ts2 mice. Thus, these findings suggest that glutamatergic deficits have a significant role in causing intellectual disabilities in DS.
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Jerónimo-Santos A, Vaz SH, Parreira S, Rapaz-Lérias S, Caetano AP, Buée-Scherrer V, Castrén E, Valente CA, Blum D, Sebastião AM, Diógenes MJ. Dysregulation of TrkB Receptors and BDNF Function by Amyloid-β Peptide is Mediated by Calpain. Cereb Cortex 2014; 25:3107-21. [PMID: 24860020 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhu105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its high-affinity full-length (FL) receptor, TrkB-FL, play a central role in the nervous system by providing trophic support to neurons and regulating synaptic plasticity and memory. TrkB and BDNF signaling are impaired in Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease involving accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide. We recently showed that Aβ leads to a decrease of TrkB-FL receptor and to an increase of truncated TrkB receptors by an unknown mechanism. In the present study, we found that (1) Aβ selectively increases mRNA levels for the truncated TrkB isoforms without affecting TrkB-FL mRNA levels, (2) Aβ induces a calpain-mediated cleavage on TrkB-FL receptors, downstream of Shc-binding site, originating a new truncated TrkB receptor (TrkB-T') and an intracellular fragment (TrkB-ICD), which is also detected in postmortem human brain samples, (3) Aβ impairs BDNF function in a calpain-dependent way, as assessed by the inability of BDNF to modulate neurotransmitter (GABA and glutamate) release from hippocampal nerve terminals, and long-term potentiation in hippocampal slices. It is concluded that Aβ-induced calpain activation leads to TrkB cleavage and impairment of BDNF neuromodulatory actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Jerónimo-Santos
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal Unidade de Neurociências, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandra Henriques Vaz
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal Unidade de Neurociências, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara Parreira
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal Unidade de Neurociências, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sofia Rapaz-Lérias
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal Unidade de Neurociências, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - António P Caetano
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal Unidade de Neurociências, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Valérie Buée-Scherrer
- Université Lille-Nord de France, UDSL, Lille, France Inserm U837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, IMPRT, Lille, France CHRU-Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Eero Castrén
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Claudia A Valente
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal Unidade de Neurociências, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - David Blum
- Université Lille-Nord de France, UDSL, Lille, France Inserm U837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, IMPRT, Lille, France CHRU-Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Ana Maria Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal Unidade de Neurociências, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria José Diógenes
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal Unidade de Neurociências, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
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70
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Rial D, Pamplona FA, Moreira ELG, Moreira KM, Hipolide D, Rodrigues DI, Dombrowski PA, Da Cunha C, Agostinho P, Takahashi RN, Walz R, Cunha RA, Prediger RD. Cellular prion protein is present in dopaminergic neurons and modulates the dopaminergic system. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 40:2479-86. [PMID: 24766164 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cellular prion protein (PrP(C) ) is widely expressed in the brain. Although the precise role of PrP(C) remains uncertain, it has been proposed to be a pivotal modulator of neuroplasticity events by regulating the glutamatergic and serotonergic systems. Here we report the existence of neurochemical and functional interactions between PrP(C) and the dopaminergic system. PrP(C) was found to co-localize with dopaminergic neurons and in dopaminergic synapses in the striatum. Furthermore, the genetic deletion of PrP(C) down-regulated dopamine D1 receptors and DARPP-32 density in the striatum and decreased dopamine levels in the prefrontal cortex of mice. This indicates that PrP(C) affects the homeostasis of the dopaminergic system by interfering differently in different brain areas with dopamine synthesis, content, receptor density and signaling pathways. This interaction between PrP(C) and the dopaminergic system prompts the hypotheses that the dopaminergic system may be implicated in some pathological features of prion-related diseases and, conversely, that PrP(C) may play a role in dopamine-associated brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rial
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Rua Larga University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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Overk CR, Masliah E. Pathogenesis of synaptic degeneration in Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 88:508-16. [PMID: 24462903 PMCID: PMC3973539 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Considerable progress has been made in the past few years in the fight against Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Neuropathological studies in human brains and experimental in vivo and in vitro models support the notion that synapses are affected even at the earliest stages of the neurodegenerative process. The objective of this manuscript is to review some of the mechanisms of synaptic damage in AD and PD. Some lines of evidence support the notion that oligomeric neurotoxic species of amyloid β, α-synuclein, and Tau might contribute to the pathogenesis of synaptic failure at early stages of the diseases. The mechanisms leading to synaptic damage by oligomers might involve dysregulation of glutamate receptors and scaffold molecules that results in alterations in the axonal transport of synaptic vesicles and mitochondria that later on lead to dendritic and spine alterations, axonal dystrophy, and eventually neuronal loss. However, while some studies support a role of oligomers, there is an ongoing debate as to the exact nature of the toxic species. Given the efforts toward earlier clinical and preclinical diagnosis of these disorders, understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of synaptic degeneration is crucial toward developing specific biomarkers and new therapies targeting the synaptic apparatus of vulnerable neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassia R Overk
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA.
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Beggiato S, Giuliani A, Sivilia S, Lorenzini L, Antonelli T, Imbimbo B, Giardino L, Calzà L, Ferraro L. CHF5074 and LY450139 sub-acute treatments differently affect cortical extracellular glutamate levels in pre-plaque Tg2576 mice. Neuroscience 2014; 266:13-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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