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Noordam R, Aarts N, Leening MJG, Tiemeier H, Franco OH, Hofman A, Stricker BH, Visser LE. Use of antidepressants and the risk of myocardial infarction in middle-aged and older adults: a matched case-control study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 72:211-8. [PMID: 26546336 PMCID: PMC4713708 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-015-1972-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Antidepressants, specifically selective serotonin reuptake-inhibiting antidepressants (SSRIs), decrease platelet activation and aggregation in in vitro experiments and could therefore decrease the risk of myocardial infarction (MI). However, prior studies addressing this hypothesis showed contradictory results. Our purpose was to investigate the association between the use of any antidepressant drug and incident MI among middle-aged and older adults. Methods We embedded a case-control study in the prospective Rotterdam Study (1991–2011). Controls were matched to MI cases based on sex and age at the same calendar date, and confounding factors were taken into account as time-varying covariates. The relative risk of MI during current and past use of an antidepressant was analyzed with conditional logistic regression with never use of antidepressant drugs as the reference category. Results A total of 744 out of a cohort of 9499 study participants developed MI during follow-up. After statistical adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and depression, current use of any antidepressant was associated with a lower risk of MI (odds ratio (OR), 0.71; 95 % confidence interval (CI), 0.51–0.98) compared with never use of any antidepressant. SSRI use showed the lowest relative risk (OR, 0.65; 95 % CI, 0.41–1.02), albeit marginally not statistically significant. Past use of any of the antidepressant classes was not associated with a lower risk of MI. Conclusions Current use of antidepressants was associated with a lower risk of MI. Of the different classes, the use of SSRIs showed the lowest risk of MI, and therefore confirming the research hypothesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00228-015-1972-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nikkie Aarts
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten J G Leening
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno H Stricker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Inspectorate of Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Loes E Visser
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Apotheek Haagse Ziekenhuizen-HAGA, The Hague, The Netherlands
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García-Pedraza JÁ, García M, Martín ML, Morán A. 5-HT1D receptor inhibits renal sympathetic neurotransmission by nitric oxide pathway in anesthetized rats. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 72:172-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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García-Pedraza JÁ, García M, Martín ML, Morán A. Pharmacological evidence that 5-HT1Dactivation induces renal vasodilation by NO pathway in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 42:640-7. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José-Ángel García-Pedraza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
| | - Mónica García
- Laboratory of Pharmacology; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
| | - María-Luisa Martín
- Laboratory of Pharmacology; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
| | - Asunción Morán
- Laboratory of Pharmacology; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Salamanca; Salamanca Spain
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5-HT2a receptor antagonism reduces burn-induced macromolecular efflux in rats. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2015; 41:565-73. [PMID: 26038010 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-014-0486-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major thermal injuries lead to a systemic inflammatory response with systemic capillary leakage and multiple organ dysfunction. This systemic inflammatory response is induced by a variety of immunmodulative molecules including TNFα and serotonin. Unspecific serotonin antagonism leads to reduced macromolecular efflux in rat mesenteries after burn plasma transfer. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of specific 5-HT2a antagonism on early burn edema. METHODS Donor rats (DR) underwent thermal injury (100 °C water, 30% BSA, 12 s) for positive controls. For negative controls, DR underwent sham burn (37 °C water, 30% BSA, 12 s). DR plasma (harvested 4 h post-trauma) was transferred to healthy individuals for positive controls. Study rats received burn plasma (BP) and a Bolus injection of Ketanserin (Ket) (1 mg kg(-1) body weight). Negative controls underwent sham burn plasma infusion. Intravital microscopy was performed in mesenteric venules (0/60/120 min). Edema was assessed by FITC-albumin extravasation. Additionally, leukocyte rolling and sticking (cells mm(-2)) as well as microhemodynamic parameters were assessed. RESULTS Significant systemic capillary leakage was observed after BP transfer at 120 min and additional administration of Ket attenuated the postburn edema to sham burn levels. Ket also leads to significantly decreased leukocyte-endothelial interactions when compared to positive controls. CONCLUSION 5-HT2a antagonism reduces plasma extravasation after burn plasma transfer in healthy individuals. The influence of leukocyte-endothelial interactions on postburn edema remains unclear.
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Al-Sukhni M, Maruschak NA, McIntyre RS. Vortioxetine : a review of efficacy, safety and tolerability with a focus on cognitive symptoms in major depressive disorder. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2015; 14:1291-304. [PMID: 26022537 DOI: 10.1517/14740338.2015.1046836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vortioxetine is a pharmacodynamically novel antidepressant that exerts effects on various neurotransmitters including serotonin, noradrenaline, dopamine, glutamate, histamine and acetylcholine. Its efficacy in the symptomatic management of major depressive disorder (MDD) has been established in several short- and long-term trials. Vortioxetine has also demonstrated independent pro-cognitive effects in adults with MDD. AREAS COVERED This report provides a concise review of the pharmacology, efficacy and safety of vortioxetine as they pertain to cognition. EXPERT OPINION The significant impact of cognitive dysfunction in MDD has achieved increased consideration among researchers over the past decade. Vortioxetine is the first antidepressant agent to demonstrate meaningful clinical efficacy in the improvement of cognition in adults with MDD, independent of improvement in affective symptomatology. These results provide the impetus for further study into the potential pro-cognitive effects of vortioxetine in other conditions wherein cognitive dysfunction is prominent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayce Al-Sukhni
- General Psychiatry and Acute Care Units, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health , 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8 , Canada
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Nau F, Miller J, Saravia J, Ahlert T, Yu B, Happel KI, Cormier SA, Nichols CD. Serotonin 5-HT₂ receptor activation prevents allergic asthma in a mouse model. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 308:L191-8. [PMID: 25416380 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00138.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the lung characterized by airways hyper-responsiveness (AHR), inflammation, and mucus hyperproduction. Current mainstream therapies include bronchodilators that relieve bronchoconstriction and inhaled glucocorticoids to reduce inflammation. The small molecule hormone and neurotransmitter serotonin has long been known to be involved in inflammatory processes; however, its precise role in asthma is unknown. We have previously established that activation of serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)(2A) receptors has potent anti-inflammatory activity in primary cultures of vascular tissues and in the whole animal in vasculature and gut tissues. The 5-HT(2A) receptor agonist, (R)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine [(R)-DOI] is especially potent. In this work, we have examined the effect of (R)-DOI in an established mouse model of allergic asthma. In the ovalbumin mouse model of allergic inflammation, we demonstrate that inhalation of (R)-DOI prevents the development of many key features of allergic asthma, including AHR, mucus hyperproduction, airways inflammation, and pulmonary eosinophil recruitment. Our results highlight a likely role of the 5-HT2 receptors in allergic airways disease and suggest that 5-HT2 receptor agonists may represent an effective and novel small molecule-based therapy for asthma.
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Afarideh M, Behdadnia A, Noshad S, Mirmiranpour H, Mousavizadeh M, Khajeh E, Rad MV, Mazaheri T, Nakhjavani M, Esteghamati A. ASSOCIATION OF PERIPHERAL 5-HYDROXYINDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID, A SEROTONIN DERIVATIVE, WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME AND LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION. Endocr Pract 2015; 21:711-8. [PMID: 25716631 DOI: 10.4158/ep14442.or] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The constellation of metabolic abnormalities seen in metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been linked to atherosclerosis and adverse cardiovascular outcomes due to heightened inflammation. Accumulating evidence suggests that peripheral 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA), the derivative end-product of serotonin (5-HT), might be involved in the pathogenesis of obesity, and abnormal lipid and glucose metabolism. We examined the association between serum 5-HIAA concentrations and MetS and also highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP). METHODS We assessed 180 healthy adults (110 males and 70 females) in a cross-sectional setting. Anthropometric indices and blood pressure were measured, as were laboratory parameters including fasting 5-HIAA concentrations. The associations between 5-HIAA and individual components of MetS, as well as MetS as a single entity, were investigated with bivariate correlation and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Eighty-nine individuals (49.4%) were diagnosed with MetS. Significant correlations were found between 5-HIAA concentrations and age (r = 0.184), waist circumference (r = 0.415), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (r = -0.148), systolic blood pressure (r = 0.374), diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.355), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (r = 0.201), and hsCRP (r = 0.453) were found (P<.05 in all tests). In logistic regression, 5-HIAA was significantly associated with 4 MetS components including central obesity, raised triglycerides, raised blood pressure, and raised fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (P<.05). Moreover, 5-HIAA was a predictor of MetS as a single entity, and the relationship persisted after adjusting for hsCRP (odds ratio [OR] = 4.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.58-7.67, P<.001). CONCLUSION Elevated concentrations of 5-HIAA are seen in individuals with MetS. Increased 5-HIAA is also associated with hsCRP, a marker of chronic low-grade inflammation underlying MetS.
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Fan LW, Bhatt A, Tien LT, Zheng B, Simpson KL, Lin RCS, Cai Z, Kumar P, Pang Y. Exposure to serotonin adversely affects oligodendrocyte development and myelination in vitro. J Neurochem 2015; 133:532-43. [PMID: 25382136 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) has been implicated to play critical roles in early neural development. Recent reports have suggested that perinatal exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) resulted in cortical network miswiring, abnormal social behavior, callosal myelin malformation, as well as oligodendrocyte (OL) pathology in rats. To gain further insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying SSRIs-induced OL and myelin abnormalities, we investigated the effect of 5-HT exposure on OL development, cell death, and myelination in cell culture models. First, we showed that 5-HT receptor 1A and 2A subtypes were expressed in OL lineages, using immunocytochemistry, Western blot, as well as intracellular Ca(2+) measurement. We then assessed the effect of serotonin exposure on the lineage development, expression of myelin proteins, cell death, and myelination, in purified OL and neuron-OL myelination cultures. For pure OL cultures, our results showed that 5-HT exposure led to disturbance of OL development, as indicated by aberrant process outgrowth and reduced myelin proteins expression. At higher doses, such exposure triggered a development-dependent cell death, as immature OLs exhibited increasing susceptibility to 5-HT treatment compared to OL progenitor cells (OPC). We showed further that 5-HT-induced immature OL death was mediated at least partially via 5-HT2A receptor, since cell death could be mimicked by 5-HT2A receptor agonist 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane hydrochloride, (±)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine hydrochloride, but atten-uated by pre-treatment with 5-HT2A receptor antagonist ritanserin. Utilizing a neuron-OL myelination co-culture model, our data showed that 5-HT exposure significantly reduced the number of myelinated internodes. In contrast to cell injury observed in pure OL cultures, 5-HT exposure did not lead to OL death or reduced OL density in neuron-OL co-cultures. However, abnormal patterns of contactin-associated protein (Caspr) clustering were observed at the sites of Node of Ranvier, suggesting that 5-HT exposure may affect other axon-derived factors for myelination. In summary, this is the first study to demonstrate that manipulation of serotonin levels affects OL development and myelination, which may contribute to altered neural connectivity noted in SSRIs-treated animals. The current in vitro study demonstrated that exposure to high level of serotonin (5-HT) led to aberrant oligodendrocyte (OL) development, cell injury, and myelination deficit. We propose that elevated extracellular serotonin levels in the fetal brain, such as upon the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) during pregnancy, may adversely affect OL development and/or myelination, thus contributing to altered neural connectivity seen in Autism Spectrum Disorders. OPC = oligodendrocyte progenitor cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lir-Wan Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
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Park JB, Bae SK, Bae SH, Oh E. Simultaneous determination of sarpogrelate and its active metabolite in human plasma by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. J Sep Sci 2014; 38:42-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Bae Park
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The Catholic University of Korea; Bucheon Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Kyung Bae
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The Catholic University of Korea; Bucheon Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyeon Bae
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The Catholic University of Korea; Bucheon Republic of Korea
| | - Euichaul Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The Catholic University of Korea; Bucheon Republic of Korea
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Rapacz A, Sapa J, Nowiński L, Mogilski S, Pytka K, Filipek B, Siwek A, Szkaradek N, Marona H. Biofunctional studies of new 2-methoxyphenylpiperazine xanthone derivatives with α₁-adrenolytic properties. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 67:267-74. [PMID: 25712649 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the selectivity of the studied xanthone derivatives for α1-adrenoceptor subtypes (α1A, α1B, α1D, α1L) in functional experiments in order to verify if they possess any selectivity for a distinct subtype of α1-adrenoceptor. Moreover, several pharmacological tests were carried out to assess whether they reveal other than α1-adrenoceptor blocking properties such as: antagonistic for 5-HT2 receptors, vasorelaxant or spasmolytic. METHODS The influence on α1A-adrenoceptors was examined in biofunctional studies employing isolated rat vas deferens, on α1B-adrenoceptors in guinea-pig spleen, on α1D-adrenoceptors in rat aorta, and on α1L-adrenoceptors in rabbit spleen. Affinity for 5-HT2 receptors was measured in radioligand binding assay, whereas antagonistic potency for 5-HT2 receptors was studied on isolated rat aorta. Vasorelaxant effect of tested compounds was assessed in functional study employing rat aorta, whereas direct spasmolytic activity was investigated using the isolated rabbit small intestine. RESULTS The present study provides evidences that the tested 2-methoxyphenylpiperazine xanthone derivatives are non-selective α1-adrenoceptor blockers. However, at higher concentrations the direct spasmolytic effect could enhance their hypotensive activity. The obtained results indicate that the studied xanthones possessed weak calcium entry blocking activity, as well as antagonistic properties for 5-HT2A receptors. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study support the idea that the hypotensive activity of the studied compounds is related to their α1-adrenolytic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rapacz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Jacek Sapa
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Leszek Nowiński
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Szczepan Mogilski
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Karolina Pytka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Filipek
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Siwek
- Department of Cytobiology and Histochemistry, Laboratory of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Natalia Szkaradek
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Henryk Marona
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Cho DY, Bae SH, Lee JK, Park JB, Kim YW, Lee S, Oh E, Kim BT, Bae SK. Effect of the potent CYP2D6 inhibitor sarpogrelate on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of metoprolol in healthy male Korean volunteers. Xenobiotica 2014; 45:256-63. [PMID: 25268386 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2014.967824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
1. Recently, we demonstrated that sarpogrelate is a potent and selective CYP2D6 inhibitor in vitro. Here, we evaluated the effect of sarpogrelate on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of metoprolol in healthy subjects. 2. Nine healthy male subjects genotyped for CYP2D6*1/*1 or *1/*2 were included in an open-label, randomized, three treatment-period and crossover study. A single oral dose of metoprolol (100 mg) was administered with water (treatment A) and sarpogrelate (100 mg bid.; a total dose of 200 mg and treatment B), or after pretreatment of sarpogrelate for three days (100 mg tid.; treatment C). Plasma levels of metoprolol and α-hydroxymetoprolol were determined using a validated LC-MS/MS method. Changes in heart rate and blood pressure were monitored as pharmacodynamic responses to metoprolol. 3. Metoprolol was well tolerated in the three treatment groups. In treatment B and C groups, the AUCt of metoprolol increased by 53% (GMR, 1.53; 90% CI, 1.17-2.31) and by 51% (1.51; 1.17-2.31), respectively. Similar patterns were observed for the increase in Cmax of metoprolol by sarpogrelate. However, the pharmacodynamics of metoprolol did not differ significantly among the three treatment groups. 4. Greater systemic exposure to metoprolol after co-administration or pretreatment with sarpogrelate did not result in clinically relevant effects. Co-administration of both agents is well tolerated and can be employed without the need for dose adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doo-Yeoun Cho
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine , Yeongtong-gu, Suwon , South Korea
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Sabolovic Rudman S, Mustapic M, Kosec V, Pivac N, Rudman F, Muck-Seler D. Serotonin risk factors for the development of hypertension in pregnancy. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2014; 291:779-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-014-3461-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Deng CY, Yang H, Kuang SJ, Rao F, Xue YM, Zhou ZL, Liu XY, Shan ZX, Li XH, Lin QX, Wu SL, Yu XY. Upregulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor signaling in coronary arteries after organ culture. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107128. [PMID: 25202989 PMCID: PMC4159325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a powerful constrictor of coronary arteries and is considered to be involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms of coronary-artery spasm. However, the mechanism of enhancement of coronary-artery constriction to 5-HT during the development of coronary artery disease remains to be elucidated. Organ culture of intact blood-vessel segments has been suggested as a model for the phenotypic changes of smooth muscle cells in cardiovascular disease. Methodology/Principal Findings We wished to characterize 5-HT receptor-induced vasoconstriction and quantify expression of 5-HT receptor signaling in cultured rat coronary arteries. Cumulative application of 5-HT produced a concentration-dependent vasoconstriction in fresh and 24 h-cultured rat coronary arteries without endothelia. 5-HT induced greater constriction in cultured coronary arteries than in fresh coronary arteries. U46619- and CaCl2-induced constriction in the two groups was comparable. 5-HT stimulates the 5-HT2A receptor and cascade of phospholipase C to induce coronary vasoconstriction. Calcium influx through L-type calcium channels and non-L-type calcium channels contributed to the coronary-artery constrictions induced by 5-HT. The contractions mediated by non-L-type calcium channels were significantly enhanced in cultured coronary arteries compared with fresh coronary arteries. The vasoconstriction induced by thapsigargin was also augmented in cultured coronary arteries. The decrease in Orai1 expression significantly inhibited 5-HT-evoked entry of Ca2+ in coronary artery cells. Expression of the 5-HT2A receptor, Orai1 and STIM1 were augmented in cultured coronary arteries compared with fresh coronary arteries. Conclusions An increased contraction in response to 5-HT was mediated by the upregulation of 5-HT2A receptors and downstream signaling in cultured coronary arteries.
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MESH Headings
- 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid/pharmacology
- Animals
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium Channels/genetics
- Calcium Channels/metabolism
- Calcium Channels, L-Type/genetics
- Calcium Channels, L-Type/metabolism
- Coronary Vessels/drug effects
- Coronary Vessels/metabolism
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- ORAI1 Protein
- Organ Culture Techniques/methods
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/genetics
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/metabolism
- Serotonin/genetics
- Serotonin/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Stromal Interaction Molecule 1
- Thapsigargin/pharmacology
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
- Up-Regulation/genetics
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
- Vasoconstriction/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Deng
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hui Yang
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Su-Juan Kuang
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Fang Rao
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Mei Xue
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ling Zhou
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ying Liu
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Xin Shan
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Hong Li
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Xiong Lin
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Lin Wu
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (SLW); (XYY)
| | - Xi-Yong Yu
- Medical Research Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (SLW); (XYY)
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Michl J, Scharinger C, Zauner M, Kasper S, Freissmuth M, Sitte HH, Ecker GF, Pezawas L. A multivariate approach linking reported side effects of clinical antidepressant and antipsychotic trials to in vitro binding affinities. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 24:1463-74. [PMID: 25044049 PMCID: PMC4502613 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The vast majority of approved antidepressants and antipsychotics exhibit a complex pharmacology. The mechanistic understanding of how these psychotropic medications are related to adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is crucial for the development of novel drug candidates and patient adherence. This study aims to associate in vitro assessed binding affinity profiles (39 compounds, 24 molecular drug targets) and ADRs (n=22) reported in clinical trials of antidepressants and antipsychotics (n>59.000 patients) by the use of robust multivariate statistics. Orthogonal projection to latent structures (O-PLS) regression models with reasonable predictability were found for several frequent ADRs such as nausea, diarrhea, hypotension, dizziness, headache, insomnia, sedation, sleepiness, increased sweating, and weight gain. Results of the present study support many well-known pharmacological principles such as the association of hypotension and dizziness with α1-receptor or sedation with H1-receptor antagonism. Moreover, the analyses revealed novel or hardly investigated mechanisms for common ADRs including the potential involvement of 5-HT6-antagonism in weight gain, muscarinic receptor antagonism in dizziness, or 5-HT7-antagonism in sedation. To summarize, the presented study underlines the feasibility and value of a multivariate data mining approach in psychopharmacological development of antidepressants and antipsychotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Michl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Scharinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Miriam Zauner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Kasper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Harald H Sitte
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard F Ecker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Lukas Pezawas
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging reveals increased DOI-induced brain activity in a mouse model of schizophrenia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E2492-500. [PMID: 24889602 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1323287111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal infection during pregnancy increases the risk for schizophrenia in offspring. In rodent models, maternal immune activation (MIA) yields offspring with schizophrenia-like behaviors. None of these behaviors are, however, specific to schizophrenia. The presence of hallucinations is a key diagnostic symptom of schizophrenia. In mice, this symptom can be defined as brain activation in the absence of external stimuli, which can be mimicked by administration of hallucinogens. We find that, compared with controls, adult MIA offspring display an increased stereotypical behavioral response to the hallucinogen 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI), an agonist for serotonin receptor 2A (5-HT2AR). This may be explained by increased levels of 5-HT2AR and downstream signaling molecules in unstimulated MIA prefrontal cortex (PFC). Using manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to identify neuronal activation elicited by DOI administration, we find that, compared with controls, MIA offspring exhibit a greater manganese (Mn(2+)) accumulation in several brain areas, including the PFC, thalamus, and striatum. The parafascicular thalamic nucleus, which plays the role in the pathogenesis of hallucinations, is activated by DOI in MIA offspring only. Additionally, compared with controls, MIA offspring demonstrate higher DOI-induced expression of early growth response protein 1, cyclooxygenase-2, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the PFC. Chronic treatment with the 5-HT2AR antagonist ketanserin reduces DOI-induced head twitching in MIA offspring. Thus, the MIA mouse model can be successfully used to investigate activity induced by DOI in awake, behaving mice. Moreover, manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging is a useful, noninvasive method for accurately measuring this type of activity.
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García-Pedraza JÁ, García M, Martín ML, San Román L, Morán A. The role of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor and cyclooxygenase pathways in the inhibitory serotonergic response to the pressor effect elicited by sympathetic stimulation in chronic sarpogrelate treated rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 731:80-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Nagayama D, Ishihara N, Bujo H, Shirai K, Tatsuno I. Effects of serotonin on expression of the LDL receptor family member LR11 and 7-ketocholesterol-induced apoptosis in human vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 446:906-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Jung JA, Kim JR, Kim TE, Lee SY, Huh W, Lee JW, Jun H, Ko JW. Effect of food on the pharmacokinetic properties of the oral sarpogrelate hydrochloride controlled-release tablet in healthy male Korean subjects. Clin Ther 2014; 35:1038-44. [PMID: 23870611 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A new controlled-release formulation of sarpogrelate, a 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor subtype 2 antagonist that blocks serotonin-induced platelet aggregation, has been developed for once-daily administration. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the effect of food on the pharmacokinetic properties of controlled-release sarpogrelate (sarpogrelate CR) in healthy volunteers. METHODS A randomized, open-label, two-period, two-treatment crossover study was performed in healthy male Korean subjects. Following an overnight fast, a single dose of sarpogrelate CR 300 mg was administered either in the fasted condition or immediately after a high-fat breakfast. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a noncompartmental analysis. Tolerability was determined using clinical laboratory testing and physical examination, including vital sign measurements, electrocardiography, and interviews with the volunteers regarding adverse events (AEs). RESULTS A total of 24 healthy subjects were enrolled, 23 of whom completed the study (mean [range] age, 26 years [21-45]; weight, 68.1 kg [56.0-79.9]; body mass index, 22.1 kg/m(2) [18.8-25.0]). Sarpogrelate C(max) and AUC(last) were decreased In the fed condition compared with those in the fasted condition, with geometric mean ratios (90% CI) of 0.4868 (0.4041-0.5864) and 0.7394 (0.6809-0.8028), respectively. T(max) was delayed from 0.75 to 4.0 hours after a high-fat meal, but the fed condition exhibited a similar elimination profile to that of the fasted condition. The most commonly reported AE was headache (n = 2), and other AEs were reported in 1 subject each. All of the AEs were considered mild in intensity, and the participants recovered without treatment. CONCLUSIONS Compared with the administration of sarpogrelate CR 300 mg in the fasted condition, administration with food was associated with a decreased rate and extent of absorption, as assessed by C(max) and AUC(last), respectively. The drug was well-tolerated by the healthy subjects in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ah Jung
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lin OA, Karim ZA, Vemana HP, Espinosa EVP, Khasawneh FT. The antidepressant 5-HT2A receptor antagonists pizotifen and cyproheptadine inhibit serotonin-enhanced platelet function. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87026. [PMID: 24466319 PMCID: PMC3900701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There is considerable interest in defining new agents or targets for antithrombotic purposes. The 5-HT2A receptor is a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) expressed on many cell types, and a known therapeutic target for many disease states. This serotonin receptor is also known to regulate platelet function. Thus, in our FDA-approved drug repurposing efforts, we investigated the antiplatelet activity of cyproheptadine and pizotifen, two antidepressant 5-HT2A Receptor antagonists. Our results revealed that cyproheptadine and pizotifen reversed serotonin-enhanced ADP-induced platelet aggregation in vitro and ex vivo. And the inhibitory effects of these two agents were found to be similar to that of EMD 281014, a 5-HT2A Receptor antagonist under development. In separate experiments, our studies revealed that these 5-HT2A receptor antagonists have the capacity to reduce serotonin-enhanced ADP-induced elevation in intracellular calcium levels and tyrosine phosphorylation. Using flow cytometry, we also observed that cyproheptadine, pizotifen, and EMD 281014 inhibited serotonin-enhanced ADP-induced phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure, P-selectin expression, and glycoprotein IIb-IIIa activation. Furthermore, using a carotid artery thrombosis model, these agents prolonged the time for thrombotic occlusion in mice in vivo. Finally, the tail-bleeding time was investigated to assess the effect of cyproheptadine and pizotifen on hemostasis. Our findings indicated prolonged bleeding time in both cyproheptadine- and pizotifen-treated mice. Notably, the increases in occlusion and bleeding times associated with these two agents were comparable to that of EMD 281014, and to clopidogrel, a commonly used antiplatelet drug, again, in a fashion comparable to clopidogrel and EMD 281014. Collectively, our data indicate that the antidepressant 5-HT2A antagonists, cyproheptadine and pizotifen do exert antiplatelet and thromboprotective effects, but similar to clopidogrel and EMD 281014, their use may interfere with normal hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia A. Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Zubair A. Karim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Hari Priya Vemana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Enma V. P. Espinosa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Fadi T. Khasawneh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Dawson P, Opacka-Juffry J, Moffatt JD, Daniju Y, Dutta N, Ramsey J, Davidson C. The effects of benzofury (5-APB) on the dopamine transporter and 5-HT2-dependent vasoconstriction in the rat. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 48:57-63. [PMID: 24012617 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
5-APB, commonly marketed as 'benzofury' is a new psychoactive substance and erstwhile 'legal high' which has been implicated in 10 recent drug-related deaths in the UK. This drug was available on the internet and in 'head shops' and was one of the most commonly sold legal highs up until its recent UK temporary ban (UK Home Office). Despite its prominence, very little is known about its pharmacology. This study was undertaken to examine the pharmacology of 5-APB in vitro. We hypothesised that 5-APB would activate the dopamine and 5-HT systems which may underlie its putative stimulant and hallucinogenic effects. Autoradiographic studies showed that 5-APB displaced both [(125)I] RTI-121 and [(3)H] ketanserin from rat brain tissue suggesting affinity at the dopamine transporter and 5-HT2 receptor sites respectively. Voltammetric studies in rat accumbens brain slices revealed that 5-APB slowed dopamine reuptake, and at high concentrations caused reverse transport of dopamine. 5-APB also caused vasoconstriction of rat aorta, an effect antagonised by the 5-HT2A receptor antagonist ketanserin, and caused contraction of rat stomach fundus, which was reversed by the 5-HT2B receptor antagonist RS-127445. These data show that 5-APB interacts with the dopamine transporter and is an agonist at the 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptors in the rat. Thus 5-APB's pharmacology is consistent with it having both stimulant and hallucinogenic properties. In addition, 5-APB's activity at the 5-HT2B receptor may cause cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Dawson
- Pharmacology and Cell Physiology, Division of Biomedical Science, St George's University of London, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom
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71
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Kim TE, Kim JR, Jung JA, Kim MJ, Lee SY, Ko JW, Jung WT, Choi YW, Lee HJ, Kim SH, Huh W. Pharmacokinetics of a new once-daily controlled-release sarpogrelate hydrochloride compared with immediate-release formulation and the effect of food. J Clin Pharm Ther 2013; 39:192-5. [PMID: 24325365 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Sarpogrelate is a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor subtype 2A antagonist that inhibits platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction. The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics of a sarpogrelate controlled-release formulation (CR) with those of the immediate-release formulation (IR). The effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of CR sarpogrelate was also evaluated. METHODS A randomized, open-label, 3-period, 3-treatment crossover study was conducted in 50 healthy male subjects. Subjects were allocated into one of six sequence groups. In one period, a 100-mg IR formulation was administered three times at 6-h intervals, and in the other two periods, a 300-mg CR formulation was administered once to fasting and once to fed subjects. Each period was separated by a 7-day washout period. Serial blood samples were collected up to 24 h after the first drug administration in each period. The plasma concentrations of sarpogrelate were analysed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by non-compartmental methods. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION After the administration of the IR formulation, the plasma concentration reached a peak at 0·48 h and the drug was eliminated with a half-life (t1/2 ) of 0·7 h. After administration of the CR formulation, the plasma concentration reached a peak at 0·5 h and the drug was eliminated with a t1/2 of 3·23 h. The geometric mean ratios (CR/IR) for sarpogrelate area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and the maximum plasma drug concentration (Cmax) were 1·2040 (90% confidence interval (CI): 1·0992-1·3188) and 0·9462 (90% CI: 0·8504-1·0529). When CR was administered to fed subjects, the time to peak concentration was prolonged to 3·97 h and t1/2 was shortened to 1·45 h. The geometric mean ratios (fasting/fed) for sarpogrelate AUC and Cmax were 0·8573 (90% CI: 0·7687-0·9561) and 0·6452 (90% CI: 0·5671-0·7341). WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION After the administration of CR and IR formulations of the same daily dose of sarpogrelate hydrochloride, the overall systemic exposure was slightly higher for the CR than for the IR formulation, whereas peak concentration was comparable between the two formulations. Food reduced the bioavailability of sarpogrelate CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- T-E Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Cho DY, Bae SH, Lee JK, Kim YW, Kim BT, Bae SK. Selective inhibition of cytochrome P450 2D6 by Sarpogrelate and its active metabolite, M-1, in human liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos 2013; 42:33-9. [PMID: 24167220 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.113.054296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was performed to evaluate the in vitro inhibitory potential of sarpogrelate and its active metabolite, M-1, on the activities of nine human cytochrome (CYP) isoforms. Using a cocktail assay, the effects of sarpogrelate on nine CYP isoforms and M-1 were measured by specific marker reactions in human liver microsomes. Sarpogrelate potently and selectively inhibited CYP2D6-mediated dextromethorphan O-demethylation with an IC50 (Ki) value of 3.05 μM (1.24 μM), in a competitive manner. M-1 also markedly inhibited CYP2D6 activity; its inhibitory effect with an IC50 (Ki) value of 0.201 μM (0.120 μM) was more potent than that of sarpogrelate, and was similarly potent as quinidine (Ki, 0.129 μM), a well-known typical CYP2D6 inhibitor. In addition, sarpogrelate and M-1 strongly inhibited both CYP2D6-catalyzed bufuralol 1'-hydroxylation and metoprolol α-hydroxylation activities. However, sarpogrelate and M-1 showed no apparent inhibition of the other following eight CYPs: CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2E1, or CYP3A4/5. Upon 30-minute preincubation of human liver microsomes with sarpogrelate or M-1 in the presence of NADPH, no obvious shift in IC50 was observed in terms of inhibition of the nine CYP activities, suggesting that sarpogrelate and M-1 are not time-dependent inactivators. Sarpogrelate strongly inhibited the activity of CYP2D6 at clinically relevant concentrations in human liver microsomes. These observations suggest that sarpogrelate could have an effect on the metabolic clearance of drugs possessing CYP2D6-catalyzed metabolism as a major clearance pathway, thereby eliciting pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doo-Yeoun Cho
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea (D.-Y.C., B.-T.K.); College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea (S.H.B., J.K.L., S.K.B.); and Department of Emergency Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea (Y.W.K.)
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Hernekamp JF, Hu S, Schmidt K, Walther A, Kneser U, Kremer T. Cinanserin reduces plasma extravasation after burn plasma transfer in rats. Burns 2013; 39:1226-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Baek IH, Lee BY, Kim MS, Kwon KI. Effect of food intake on the pharmacokinetics of sarpogrelate and its active metabolite following oral administration to beagle dogs. Xenobiotica 2013; 43:895-900. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2013.782078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Xu YJ, Zhang M, Ji L, Elimban V, Chen L, Dhalla NS. Suppression of high lipid diet induced by atherosclerosis sarpogrelate. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 16:2394-400. [PMID: 22348587 PMCID: PMC3823433 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01554.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarpogrelate (SP), a serotonin (5-HT2A) receptor antagonist, is used as an anti-platelet agent for the treatment of some vascular diseases. SP has been reported to inhibit 5-HT induced coronary artery spasm, increase in intracellular calcium and smooth muscle cells proliferation. This study was undertaken to test that SP suppresses the development of atherosclerosis due to high cholesterol diet (HCD) by decreasing blood viscosity and oxidative stress. For this purpose, 29 rabbits were divided into four groups: control group (normal diet); normal diet group with SP at the dose of 5 mg/kg/day; HCD group fed 1% cholesterol; and HCD group with SP at the dose of 5 mg/kg/day. After 90 days of the experiment, blood samples were collected and the animals were killed; the thoracic aorta was stained by the Oil Red O staining method. The results indicate that plasma levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and malondialdehyde were increased in rabbits fed HCD. Plasma viscosity and whole blood viscosity were also higher in the HCD group than that in normal diet group. Treatment with SP prevented these alterations induced by HCD whereas this agent had no significant effect in rabbits fed normal diet. Morphological examination of the aorta revealed that SP treatment prevented the formation of foam cells and atherosclerotic plaque. It is suggested that the beneficial effects of SP in atherosclerosis may be due to actions on blood viscosity, lipid levels and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jun Xu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Thomas M, Ciuclan L, Hussey MJ, Press NJ. Targeting the serotonin pathway for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 138:409-17. [PMID: 23416102 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
As we uncover the complex pathophysiology underlying idiopathic and familial pulmonary arterial hypertension, multiple disease associated pathways, cell types and processes reveal links to elements of the serotonin system. Beyond the original 'serotonin hypothesis' observed with anorexigens, and the latterly demonstrated association with vascular tone and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation, recent studies suggest links to BMPR2, PDGF and RhoK pathways, as well as an impact upon more complex lesion formation and pathologic bone marrow progenitor mobilization. Clinical experience with antagonists targeting the various elements of the serotonin pathway has been unsatisfactory, yet perhaps this is less than surprising given our expanding knowledge around serotonin production and signaling biology, which indicate opportunities for novel therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Thomas
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex, RH12 5AB, United Kingdom.
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Cardiovascular toxicity of novel psychoactive drugs: lessons from the past. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2012; 39:244-52. [PMID: 22580238 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The long use of ephedrine, amphetamines, cocaine, LSD and more recently 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA; "Ecstasy") allows us to predict with some confidence what cardiovascular risks are likely to be associated with novel psychoactive substances (NPS). Once the probably multiple biological activities of a compound are known it is possible to define the likely risks of cardiovascular toxicity. Agonists of 5-HT(2A) receptors or alpha-adrenoceptors may cause vasoconstriction and tissue ischemia. Drugs which have agonist affinity for 5-HT(2B) receptors will probably promote heart valve fibrosis leading to heart failure. Compounds that interfere with uptake of dopamine or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) are likely to also have effects on noradrenergic neurotransmission and lead to sympathomimetic effects on the heart and vasculature. Drugs that cause dopamine release, or inhibit uptake are likely to be addictive and lead to chronic use. Other drugs (particularly the so-called empathogens) are associated with weekly usage in social settings; over time such use can lead to cardiovascular harm. Defining which of these effects NPS have is an important element of predicting the harm they may cause and informing those appointed to introduce regulations to control them.
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Munusamy V, Yap BK, Buckle MJC, Doughty SW, Chung LY. Structure-Based Identification of Aporphines with Selective 5-HT2AReceptor-Binding Activity. Chem Biol Drug Des 2012; 81:250-6. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Sarpogrelate inhibits the expression of ICAM-1 and monocyte–endothelial adhesion induced by high glucose in human endothelial cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 373:195-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1490-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hidaka S, Kobayashi S, Iwagami M, Isshiki R, Tsutsumi D, Mochida Y, Ishioka K, Oka M, Maesato K, Moriya H, Ohtake T. Sarpogrelate hydrochloride, a selective 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonist, improves skin perfusion pressure of the lower extremities in hemodialysis patients with peripheral arterial disease. Ren Fail 2012; 35:43-8. [PMID: 23110683 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2012.734758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) frequently occurs in patients on hemodialysis (HD); however, little is known about the effectiveness of drugs. We compare the effects of sarpogrelate and cilostazol in HD patients with PAD. METHODS We conducted a prospective, randomized, open-label, and multicenter trial for 24 weeks in HD patients with PAD. Thirty-five patients were divided into two groups: sarpogrelate (n = 17) and cilostazol (n = 18). We analyzed changes in skin perfusion pressure (SPP), levels of oxidative stress biomarkers, and adverse events. RESULTS At 24 weeks, SPP was increased in both groups (sarpogrelate, 43 ± 17 to 55 ± 15 mmHg; cilostazol, 49 ± 21 to 66 ± 29 mmHg; p < 0.05), and no difference was observed between the groups. Plasma pentosidine levels decreased in both groups (sarpogrelate, 0.65 ± 0.24 to 0.48 ± 0.12 mg/mL; cilostazol, 0.58 ± 0.22 to 0.47 ± 0.17 mg/mL; p < 0.05), and there were no differences between the groups. Serum malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein (MDA-LDL) levels significantly increased only in cilostazol group (p < 0.05). There were no clinically significant safety concerns linked to the both drugs. Although blood pressure did not differ in both groups, heart rate increased only in cilostazol group from 77 ± 13 to 83 ± 16 beats per minute (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Sarpogrelate improves SPP in HD patients with PAD without increasing heart rate and serum MDA-LDL levels. We demonstrated that sarpogrelate is an effective and safe drug for the treatment of HD patients with PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumi Hidaka
- Department of Nephrology, Immunology and Vascular Medicine, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura, Japan.
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Moerland M, Kemme MJ, van der Linden M, Burggraaf J. Measurement of collagen- and serotonin-induced platelet aggregation in whole blood. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2012; 3:177-82. [PMID: 22111566 DOI: 10.1586/ecp.10.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Upon erosion and rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque, collagen and serotonin (5-hydroxytyramine [5-HT]) induce a process of simultaneous platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction. Simultaneous inhibition of these pathophysiological processes, attainable by 5-HT inhibition, is a potential drug target and could offer an attractive treatment modality. The availability of a reliable and accurate test to measure inhibition of 5-HT-induced platelet aggregation would facilitate the rational development of such new compounds. Therefore, we developed a validated method to measure the additive effect of 5-HT on platelet aggregation in human whole blood after an initial induction by a low-concentration collagen, using impedance aggregometry. This method is feasible to measure 5-HT-induced platelet aggregation in whole blood for the evaluation of promising platelet aggregation inhibitors possessing 5-HT antagonistic activity. The availability of this method will support and stimulate selective 5-HT antagonism as effective management of thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs Moerland
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Zernikedreef 10, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands.
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82
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Mager EM, Medeiros LR, Lange AP, McDonald MD. The toadfish serotonin 2A (5-HT(2A)) receptor: molecular characterization and its potential role in urea excretion. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2012; 163:319-26. [PMID: 22884998 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Based on early pharmacological work, the serotonin 2A (5-HT(2A)) receptor subtype is believed to be involved in the regulation of toadfish pulsatile urea excretion. The goal of the following study was to characterize the toadfish 5-HT(2A) receptor at a molecular level, to determine the tissues in which this receptor is predominantly expressed and to further investigate the pharmacological specificity of toadfish pulsatile urea excretion by examining the effect of ketanserin, a 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonist, on resting rates of pulsatile urea excretion. The full-length toadfish 5-HT(2A) receptor encodes a 496 amino acid sequence and shares 57-80% sequence identity to 5-HT(2A) receptors of other organisms, with 100% conservation among important ligand-binding residues. Toadfish 5-HT(2A) receptor mRNA expression was highest in the swim bladder and gonad, followed by the whole brain. All other tissues tested (esophagus, stomach, anterior intestine, posterior intestine, rectum, liver, kidney, heart, muscle and gill) had mRNA expression levels that were significantly less than whole brain. Toadfish 5-HT(2A) receptor mRNA expression within the brain was highest in the hindbrain, telencephalon and midbrain/diencephalon regions. Treatment with the 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonist, ketanserin, resulted in a significant decrease in the pulsatile component of spontaneous urea excretion due to a reduction in urea pulse size with no significant change in pulse frequency. These results lend further support for the 5-HT(2A) receptor in the regulation of pulsatile urea excretion in toadfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward M Mager
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA
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83
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Lin X, Huang XP, Chen G, Whaley R, Peng S, Wang Y, Zhang G, Wang SX, Wang S, Roth BL, Huang N. Life beyond kinases: structure-based discovery of sorafenib as nanomolar antagonist of 5-HT receptors. J Med Chem 2012; 55:5749-59. [PMID: 22694093 DOI: 10.1021/jm300338m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Of great interest in recent years has been computationally predicting the novel polypharmacology of drug molecules. Here, we applied an "induced-fit" protocol to improve the homology models of 5-HT(2A) receptor, and we assessed the quality of these models in retrospective virtual screening. Subsequently, we computationally screened the FDA approved drug molecules against the best induced-fit 5-HT(2A) models and chose six top scoring hits for experimental assays. Surprisingly, one well-known kinase inhibitor, sorafenib, has shown unexpected promiscuous 5-HTRs binding affinities, K(i) = 1959, 56, and 417 nM against 5-HT(2A), 5-HT(2B), and 5-HT(2C), respectively. Our preliminary SAR exploration supports the predicted binding mode and further suggests sorafenib to be a novel lead compound for 5HTR ligand discovery. Although it has been well-known that sorafenib produces anticancer effects through targeting multiple kinases, carefully designed experimental studies are desirable to fully understand whether its "off-target" 5-HTR binding activities contribute to its therapeutic efficacy or otherwise undesirable side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Lin
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
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84
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Canal CE, Morgan D. Head-twitch response in rodents induced by the hallucinogen 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine: a comprehensive history, a re-evaluation of mechanisms, and its utility as a model. Drug Test Anal 2012; 4:556-76. [PMID: 22517680 DOI: 10.1002/dta.1333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Two primary animal models persist for assessing hallucinogenic potential of novel compounds and for examining the pharmacological and neurobiological substrates underlying the actions of classical hallucinogens, the two-lever drug discrimination procedure and the drug-induced head-twitch response (HTR) in rodents. The substituted amphetamine hallucinogen, serotonin 2 (5-HT(2) ) receptor agonist, 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI) has emerged as the most popular pharmacological tool used in HTR studies of hallucinogens. Synthesizing classic, recent, and relatively overlooked findings, addressing ostensibly conflicting observations, and considering contemporary theories in receptor and behavioural pharmacology, this review provides an up-to-date and comprehensive synopsis of DOI and the HTR model, from neural mechanisms to utility for understanding psychiatric diseases. Also presented is support for the argument that, although both the two-lever drug discrimination and the HTR models in rodents are useful for uncovering receptors, interacting proteins, intracellular signalling pathways, and neurochemical processes affected by DOI and related classical hallucinogens, results from both models suggest they are not reporting hallucinogenic experiences in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clint E Canal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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85
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Yamada K, Niki H, Nagai H, Nishikawa M, Nakagawa H. Serotonin Potentiates High-Glucose^|^ndash;Induced Endothelial Injury: the Role of Serotonin and 5-HT2A Receptors in Promoting Thrombosis in Diabetes. J Pharmacol Sci 2012; 119:243-50. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.12009fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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86
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Fukui M, Tanaka M, Toda H, Asano M, Yamazaki M, Hasegawa G, Imai S, Nakamura N. High plasma 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid concentrations in subjects with metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care 2012; 35:163-7. [PMID: 22100965 PMCID: PMC3241327 DOI: 10.2337/dc11-1619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Serotonin mediates vasoconstriction and induces the activation of platelets, which may promote atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether plasma 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA; a derivative end product of serotonin) concentrations are high in subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and to investigate the relationship between plasma 5-HIAA concentrations and clinical and biochemical metabolic parameters. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Plasma 5-HIAA concentrations were measured in 311 subjects (152 men and 159 women) recruited from the Oike Clinic, which provides regular health check-ups for employees. We evaluated the relationship between plasma 5-HIAA concentrations and clinical and biochemical metabolic parameters, including waist circumference, serum lipid concentrations, fasting plasma glucose, or blood pressure. RESULTS Plasma 5-HIAA concentrations were higher in subjects with MetS than in those without, in both men (6.5 ± 4.4 vs. 4.9 ± 1.3 ng/mL, P < 0.005) and women (7.9 ± 6.5 vs. 5.2 ± 1.6 ng/mL, P < 0.005). In men, fasting plasma glucose (r = 0.197, P = 0.0146) was positively correlated, whereas HDL cholesterol (r = -0.217, P = 0.0071) was negatively correlated, with logarithmic (log) (plasma 5-HIAA concentrations). In women, triglycerides (r = 0.252, P = 0.0013) and fasting plasma glucose (r = 0.344, P < 0.0001) were positively correlated, whereas HDL cholesterol (r = -0.328, P < 0.0001) was negatively correlated, with log (5-HIAA concentrations). Furthermore, log (plasma 5-HIAA concentrations) were higher in subjects with more components of MetS. CONCLUSIONS Plasma 5-HIAA concentrations are high in subjects with MetS, suggesting the potential importance of serotonin in the development of cardiovascular disease in MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiaki Fukui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto,
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87
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Yoshimasu T, Ikeda T, Uede K, Kanazawa N, Furukawa F. Effects of sarpogrelate hydrochloride on skin ulcers and quality of life in patients with systemic sclerosis. J Dermatol 2011; 39:536-40. [PMID: 22077618 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2011.01432.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
5-Hydroxytryptamine 2A serotonin receptor (5-HT(2A) ) is associated with the contraction of vascular smooth muscle, platelet aggregation and thrombus formation and coronary artery spasms. Sarpogrelate hydrochloride (sarpogrelate) is a selective 5-HT(2A) antagonist and was supposed to be effective for Raynaud's phenomenon with collagen disease. Sarpogrelate has not been investigated regarding the effects, safety and quality of life (QOL) in patient with skin ulcers of collagen disease. Eleven patients with skin ulcers and systemic sclerosis (SSc) were administrated sarpogrelate p.o. three times a day for 3-6 months. The area (mean ± standard error) of skin ulcer at the pretreatment, and after 3 and 6 months of sarpogrelate intake was 2.1 ± 0.8, 0.2 ± 0.1 and 0.1 ± 0.1 mm(2), respectively. The reduction of skin ulcer area was significant after 3 months of sarpogrelate intake. In assessment of QOL, scores of symptoms and emotions but not of functioning were significantly improved after sarpogrelate intake. The global score (mean ± SE) of Skindex-16 at pretreatment, and after 3 and 6 months of sarpogrelate intake was 31.8 ± 8.7, 23.7 ± 8.3 and 10.9 ± 4.6, respectively. The score was significantly improved after 6 months of sarpogrelate intake. There were no obvious side-effects during this study. Sarpogrelate was considered to be a useful drug to improve skin ulcers and QOL in patients with SSc.
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88
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Bampalis VG, Dwivedi S, Shai E, Brandl R, Varon D, Siess W. Effect of 5-HT2A receptor antagonists on human platelet activation in blood exposed to physiologic stimuli and atherosclerotic plaque. J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9:2112-5. [PMID: 21848639 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04476.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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89
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Machida T, Ohta M, Onoguchi A, Iizuka K, Sakai M, Minami M, Hirafuji M. 5-Hydroxytryptaime induces cyclooxygenase-2 in rat vascular smooth muscle cells: Mechanisms involving Src, PKC and MAPK activation. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 656:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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90
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Synthesis, 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptor affinity and QSAR study of 1-benzhydryl-piperazine derivatives with xanthine moiety at N4. Med Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-011-9555-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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91
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Nakamura E, Tanaka N, Kuwabara M, Yamashita A, Matsuo Y, Kanai T, Onitsuka T, Asada Y, Hisa H, Yamamoto R. Relative Contributions of 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) Receptor Subtypes in 5-HT-Induced Vasoconstriction of the Distended Human Saphenous Vein as a Coronary Artery Bypass Graft. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 34:82-6. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eisaku Nakamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Miyazaki Prefectural Nobeoka Hospital
| | - Naoko Tanaka
- First Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare
| | | | - Atsushi Yamashita
- First Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Miyazaki University
| | - Yasuko Matsuo
- First Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare
| | - Tasuku Kanai
- First Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare
| | - Toshio Onitsuka
- Department of Thoracic and General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Miyazaki University
| | - Yujiro Asada
- First Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Miyazaki University
| | - Hiroaki Hisa
- Second Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare
| | - Ryuichi Yamamoto
- First Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare
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92
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Abstract
We assessed several classes of serotonergic drugs in order to evaluate whether they constitute a risk factor for hospitalization for bleeding (gastrointestinal, intracranial, or in the female genital tract). A case-control study was conducted using data from the PHARMO record linkage system (RLS). The study population comprised 28,289 cases and 50,786 matched controls. Current use of antidepressant drugs was associated with all three types of bleeding, whereas antipsychotic drugs were associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal and intracranial bleeding. Current use of ergoline derivatives increased the risk of female genital tract bleeding. The risks of gastrointestinal and intracranial bleeding were higher in new users of antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs as compared with those who were already receiving these drugs. No clear association was found between the degree of affinity for the serotonin (5-HT) transporter or the 5-HT(2A) receptor and the risk of any of the three types of bleeding. The association between antipsychotic drugs and gastrointestinal bleeding may warrant further research, in view of the fact that this association was rather unexpected.
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93
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Investigations on 5-HT4 Receptor Expression and Effects of Tegaserod on Human Platelet Aggregation In Vitro. Am J Ther 2010; 17:543-52. [DOI: 10.1097/mjt.0b013e3181b63f21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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94
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Matsumoto T, Kobayashi T, Ishida K, Taguchi K, Kamata K. Enhancement of mesenteric artery contraction to 5-HT depends on Rho kinase and Src kinase pathways in the ob/ob mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 160:1092-104. [PMID: 20590603 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00753.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Arteries from hypertensive subjects are reportedly hyperresponsive to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), but it remains unclear whether this is true in chronic type 2 diabetes. We have assessed responses to 5-HT shown by mesenteric arteries from type 2 diabetic ob/ob mice (27-32 weeks old) and have identified the molecular mechanisms involved. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Contractions of mesenteric rings to 5-HT were examined in vitro. Activation of mesenteric RhoA, Rho kinase and Src was measured by Western blotting or by modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. KEY RESULTS Concentration-dependent contractions to 5-HT were greater in mesenteric rings from the ob/ob than in those from the age-matched control ('Lean') group. In each group, there was no significant change in the 5-HT-induced contractions after inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine), of cyclooxygenase (with indomethacin) or of protein kinase C (with chelerythrine). However inhibition of the MEK/ERK pathway (with PD98059) decreased the response to 5-HT. Although the diabetes-related enhancement of the 5-HT response was preserved with each of these inhibitors, enhancement was abolished by a Rho kinase inhibitor (Y27632) and by Src kinase inhibitors (PP1 analogue or Src kinase inhibitor I). 5-HT-induced activation of RhoA, Rho kinase and Src kinase in mesenteric arteries was greater in the ob/ob than in the Lean group, but the expression of RhoA, Rho kinase isoforms and Src did not differ between these groups. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results suggest that the enhancement of 5-HT-induced contraction in mesenteric arteries from ob/ob mice may be attributable to increased activation of RhoA/Rho kinase and Src kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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95
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Xiong Y, Teegarden BR, Choi JSK, Strah-Pleynet S, Decaire M, Jayakumar H, Dosa PI, Casper MD, Pham L, Feichtinger K, Ullman B, Adams J, Yuskin D, Frazer J, Morgan M, Sadeque A, Chen W, Webb RR, Connolly DT, Semple G, Al-Shamma H. Discovery and structure-activity relationship of 3-methoxy-N-(3-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-4-(2-morpholinoethoxy)phenyl)benzamide (APD791): a highly selective 5-hydroxytryptamine2A receptor inverse agonist for the treatment of arterial thrombosis. J Med Chem 2010; 53:4412-21. [PMID: 20455563 DOI: 10.1021/jm100044a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin, which is stored in platelets and is released during thrombosis, activates platelets via the 5-HT(2A) receptor. 5-HT(2A) receptor inverse agonists thus represent a potential new class of antithrombotic agents. Our medicinal program began with known compounds that displayed binding affinity for the recombinant 5-HT(2A) receptor, but which had poor activity when tested in human plasma platelet inhibition assays. We herein describe a series of phenyl pyrazole inverse agonists optimized for selectivity, aqueous solubility, antiplatelet activity, low hERG activity, and good pharmacokinetic properties, resulting in the discovery of 10k (APD791). 10k inhibited serotonin-amplified human platelet aggregation with an IC(50) = 8.7 nM and had negligible binding affinity for the closely related 5-HT(2B) and 5-HT(2C) receptors. 10k was orally bioavailable in rats, dogs, and monkeys and had an acceptable safety profile. As a result, 10k was selected further evaluation and advanced into clinical development as a potential treatment for arterial thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Xiong
- Arena Pharmaceuticals, 6166 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA.
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96
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Blasco-Fontecilla H, Baca-Garcia E, de Leon J. Do atypical antipsychotic drugs reduce the risk of ischemic heart disease and mortality? Possible role of 5-HT2A receptor blockade. Schizophr Res 2010; 119:160-3. [PMID: 20053538 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2009.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/04/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A recent Finnish study reported that long-term cumulative exposure to any antipsychotic treatment was related to lower mortality than was no drug exposure. We hypothesize that the antipsychotic 5-HT2A receptor blockade might protect from ischemic heart disease and buffer the deleterious metabolic effects of antipsychotics. The 5-HT2A receptor may be involved in vascular smooth muscle contraction, coronary artery spasms, platelet aggregation and thrombus formation. 5-HT2A receptor blockade might protect from ischemic heart disease by decreasing platelet aggregation and myocardium hypertrophy. Long-term follow-up studies are needed to clearly establish the long-term contribution of the various antipsychotic drugs to ischemic heart disease, and to explore our hypothesis that 5-HT2A receptor blockade may be protective for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilario Blasco-Fontecilla
- Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Autonoma University of Madrid, CIBERSAM, Avenida Reyes Catolicos 2, Madrid 28040, Spain
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97
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Comparison of antiplatelet potency of sarpogrelate, aspirin, and beraprost in healthy volunteers according to in-vitro closure time. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2010; 21:262-5. [DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0b013e32833700fc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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98
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Chen GH, Wang S, Wu FH. A practical synthesis of sarpogrelate hydrochloride and in vitro platelet aggregation inhibitory activities of its analogues. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2009.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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99
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Przyklenk K, Frelinger AL, Linden MD, Whittaker P, Li Y, Barnard MR, Adams J, Morgan M, Al-Shamma H, Michelson AD. Targeted inhibition of the serotonin 5HT2A receptor improves coronary patency in an in vivo model of recurrent thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8:331-40. [PMID: 19922435 PMCID: PMC2916638 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03693.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Release of serotonin and activation of serotonin 5HT2A receptors on platelet surfaces is a potent augmentative stimulus for platelet aggregation. However, earlier-generation serotonin receptor antagonists were not successfully exploited as antiplatelet agents, possibly owing to their lack of specificity for the 5HT2A receptor subtype. OBJECTIVE To assess whether targeted inhibition of the serotonin 5HT2A receptor attenuates recurrent thrombosis and improves coronary patency in an in vivo canine model mimicking unstable angina. METHODS In protocol 1, anesthetized dogs were pretreated with a novel, selective inverse agonist of the 5HT2A receptor (APD791) or saline. Recurrent coronary thrombosis was then initiated by coronary artery injury+stenosis, and coronary patency was monitored for 3 h. Protocol 2 was similar, except that: (i) treatment with APD791 or saline was begun 1 h after the onset of recurrent thrombosis; (ii) template bleeding time was measured; and (iii) blood samples were obtained for in vitro flow cytometric assessment of platelet responsiveness to serotonin. RESULTS APD791 attenuated recurrent thrombosis, irrespective of the time of treatment: in both protocols, flow-time area (index of coronary patency; normalized to baseline coronary flow) averaged 58-59% (P<0.01) following administration of APD791 vs. 21-28% in saline controls. Moreover, the in vivo antithrombotic effect of APD791 was not accompanied by increased bleeding, but was associated with significant and selective inhibition of serotonin-mediated platelet activation. CONCLUSION 5HT2A receptor inhibition with APD791, even when initiated after the onset of recurrent thrombosis, improves coronary patency in the in vivo canine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Przyklenk
- Center for Platelet Function Studies, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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100
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Sarpogrelate Hydrochloride, a Selective 5-hydroxytryptamine2A Antagonist, Augments Autologous Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cell Implantation–induced Improvement in Endothelium-dependent Vasodilation in Patients With Critical Limb Ischemia. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2010; 55:56-61. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3181c37da4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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