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Tu R, Ma J, Zhang P, Kang Y, Xiong X, Zhu J, Li M, Zhang C. The emerging role of deubiquitylating enzymes as therapeutic targets in cancer metabolism. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:130. [PMID: 35307036 PMCID: PMC8935717 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02524-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractCancer cells must rewire cellular metabolism to satisfy the unbridled proliferation, and metabolic reprogramming provides not only the advantage for cancer cell proliferation but also new targets for cancer treatment. However, the plasticity of the metabolic pathways makes them very difficult to target. Deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) are proteases that cleave ubiquitin from the substrate proteins and process ubiquitin precursors. While the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood, many DUBs have been shown to be involved in tumorigenesis and progression via controlling the dysregulated cancer metabolism, and consequently recognized as potential drug targets for cancer treatment. In this article, we summarized the significant progress in understanding the key roles of DUBs in cancer cell metabolic rewiring and the opportunities for the application of DUBs inhibitors in cancer treatment, intending to provide potential implications for both research purpose and clinical applications.
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STAMBPL1 promotes breast cancer cell resistance to cisplatin partially by stabilizing MKP-1 expression. Oncogene 2022; 41:2265-2274. [PMID: 35236965 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02252-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Dual-specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1/DUSP1/CL-100) has been documented to promote breast cancer cell survival and chemoresistance. MKP-1 is an unstable protein that is ubiquitinated and degraded via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. However, it is not clear how MKP-1 protein stability is regulated in breast cancer. In this study, we performed a genome-wide siRNA library screen of deubiquitinases (DUBs) and identified STAMBPL1 as an MKP-1 DUB in breast cancer cells. STAMBPL1 interacts with MKP-1 and stabilizes MKP-1 via deubiquitination. Both STAMBPL1 and MKP-1 depletion sensitize breast cancer cells to cisplatin in vitro and in vivo, and ectopic overexpression of MKP-1 partially rescues STAMBPL1 depletion-induced cisplatin sensitivity. Furthermore, STAMBPL1 and MKP-1 depletion increased breast cancer sensitivity to cisplatin by increasing the phosphorylation and activation of c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK). Collectively, our findings not only identify STAMBPL1 as an MKP-1 DUB but also reveal a critical mechanism that regulates MKP-1 expression in breast cancer. Our findings indicate that the STAMBPL1/MKP-1 axis represents a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer.
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53
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Sun Q, Zhang J, Li X, Yang G, Cheng S, Guo D, Zhang Q, Sun F, Zhao F, Yang D, Wang S, Wang T, Liu S, Zou L, Zhang Y, Liu H. The ubiquitin-specific protease 8 antagonizes melatonin-induced endocytic degradation of MT1 receptor to promote lung adenocarcinoma growth. J Adv Res 2022; 41:1-12. [PMID: 36328739 PMCID: PMC9637587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin can induce the downregulation of the MT1 receptor. MT1 receptor internalization incurred by melatonin follows the canonical endolysosomal pathway. The ubiquitin-specific protease 8 antagonizes the endocytic degradation of the MT1 receptor. The suppression of ubiquitin-specific protease 8 potentiates the cancer-inhibitory effects of melatonin in vitro. Combination of USP8 inhibition and melatonin treatment effectively deters tumor growth in xenograft mouse models.
Introduction The human genome encodes two melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) that relay melatonin signals to cellular interior. Accumulating evidence has linked melatonin to multiple health benefits, among which its anticancer effects have become well-established. However, the implications of its receptors in lung adenocarcinoma have so far remained incompletely understood. Objectives This study aims to investigate the response of the MT1 receptor to melatonin treatment and its dynamic regulation by ubiquitin-specific protease 8 (USP8) in lung adenocarcinoma. Methods The mRNA levels of MT1 and MT2 receptors were analyzed with sequencing data. The expression and localization of the MT1 receptor with melatonin treatment were investigated by immunoblotting, immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy assays. Endocytic deubiquitylases were screened to identify MT1 association. The effects of USP8 were assessed with shRNA-mediated knockdown and small molecule inhibitor. The combined efficacy of melatonin and USP8 suppression was also evaluated using xenograft animal models. Results Bioinformatic analysis revealed increased expression of the MT1 receptor in lung adenocarcinoma tissues. Melatonin treatment leads to the downregulation of the MT1 receptor in lung adenocarcinoma cells, which is attributed to receptor endocytosis and lysosomal degradation via the canonical endo-lysosomal route. USP8 negatively regulates the endocytic degradation of the MT1 receptor incurred by melatonin exposure and thus protects lung adenocarcinoma cell growth. USP8 suppression by knockdown or pharmacological inhibition effectively deters cancer cell proliferation and sensitizes lung adenocarcinoma cells to melatonin in vitro. Furthermore, USP8 silencing significantly potentiates the anticancer effects of melatonin in xenograft tumor models. Conclusion The MT1 receptor responds to melatonin treatment and is endocytosed for lysosomal degradation that is counteracted by USP8. The inhibition of USP8 demonstrates tumor-suppressive effects and thus can be exploited as potential therapeutic strategy either as monotherapy or combined therapy with melatonin.
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Larbret F, Biber P, Dubois N, Ivanov S, Lafanechere L, Tartare-Deckert S, Deckert M. Deubiquitinase Inhibitors Impair Leukemic Cell Migration Through Cofilin Oxidation and Alteration of Actin Reorganization. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:778216. [PMID: 35069199 PMCID: PMC8782157 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.778216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin networks are dynamically regulated through constant depolymerization and polymerization cycles. Although the fundamental mechanisms that govern these processes have been identified, the nature and role of post-translational modifications (PTMs) of actin and actin regulatory proteins are not completely understood. Here, we employed Actin CytoFRET, a method that we developed for real time detection of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) signals generated by actin dynamics, to screen a small library of PTM-interfering compounds on a biosensor leukemic T cell line. This strategy led to the identification of small molecule inhibitors of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) as potent inducers of actin polymerization and blockers of chemotactic cell migration. The examination of the underlying mechanism further revealed that the actin depolymerizing protein cofilin represents a major effector of DUB inhibitor (DUBi)-induced actin reorganization. We found that DUB blockade results in the accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins and ROS production, associated with cofilin oxidation and dephosphorylation on serine 3, which provokes uncontrolled actin polymerization impairing cell migration. Together, our study highlights DUBs as novel regulators of actin dynamics through ROS-dependent cofilin modulation, and shows that DUBi represent attractive novel tools to impede leukemic cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Larbret
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Nice, France.,Team MicroCan, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Pierric Biber
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Nice, France.,Team MicroCan, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France
| | | | | | - Laurence Lafanechere
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences, La Tronche, France
| | - Sophie Tartare-Deckert
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Nice, France.,Team MicroCan, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Marcel Deckert
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Nice, France.,Team MicroCan, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France
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Inhibition of the deubiquitinating enzyme USP47 as a novel targeted therapy for hematologic malignancies expressing mutant EZH2. Leukemia 2022; 36:1048-1057. [PMID: 35034955 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01494-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Activating mutations in EZH2, the catalytic component of PRC2, promote cell proliferation, tumorigenesis, and metastasis through enzymatic or non-enzymatic activity. The EZH2-Y641 gain-of-function mutation is one of the most significant in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Although EZH2 kinase inhibitors, such as EPZ-6438, provide clinical benefit, certain cancer cells are resistant to the enzymatic inhibition of EZH2 because of the inability to functionally target mutant EZH2, or because of cells' dependence on the non-histone methyltransferase activity of EZH2. Consequently, destroying mutant EZH2 protein may be more effective in targeting EZH2 mutant cancers that are dependent on the non-catalytic activity of EZH2. Here, using extensive selectivity profiling, combined with genetic and animal model studies, we identified USP47 as a novel regulator of mutant EZH2. Inhibition of USP47 would be anticipated to block the function of mutated EZH2 through induction of EZH2 degradation by promoting its ubiquitination. Moreover, targeting of USP47 leads to death of mutant EZH2-positive cells in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, we propose targeting USP47 with a small molecule inhibitor as a novel potential therapy for DLBCL and other hematologic malignancies characterized by mutant EZH2 expression.
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56
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Hafez N, Modather El-Awadly Z, Arafa RK. UCH-L3 structure and function: Insights about a promising drug target. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 227:113970. [PMID: 34752952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years, researchers have shed light on the immense importance of ubiquitin in numerous regulatory pathways. The post-translational addition of mono or poly-ubiquitin molecules namely "ubiquitinoylation" is therefore pivotal to maintain the cell's vitality, maturation, differentiation, and division. Part of conserving homeostasis stems from maintaining the ubiquitin pool in the vicinity of the cell's intracellular environment; this crucial role is played by deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) that cleave ubiquitin molecules from target molecules. To date, they are categorized into 7 families with ubiquitin carboxyl c-terminal de-hydrolase family (UCH) as the most common and well-studied. Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L (UCH-L3) is a significant protein in this family as it has been implicated in many molecular and cellular processes with its mRNA identified in a range of body tissues including the brain. It goes without saying that it manifests in maintaining health and when abnormally regulated in disease. As it is an attractive small molecule drug target, scientists have used high throughput screening (HTS) and other drug discovery methods to discover inhibitors for this enzyme for the treatment of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review we present an overview of UCH-L3 catalytic mechanism, structure, its role in DNA repair and cancer along with the inhibitors discovered so far to halt its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Hafez
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Cairo, 12578, Egypt
| | - Zahraa Modather El-Awadly
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Cairo, 12578, Egypt
| | - Reem K Arafa
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Cairo, 12578, Egypt; Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Helmy Institute for Medical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Cairo, 12578, Egypt.
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Takanashi Y, Kahyo T, Kamamoto S, Zhang H, Chen B, Ping Y, Mizuno K, Kawase A, Koizumi K, Satou M, Funai K, Shiiya N, Setou M. Ubiquitin-like 3 as a new protein-sorting factor for small extracellular vesicles. Cell Struct Funct 2022; 47:1-18. [PMID: 35197392 PMCID: PMC10511055 DOI: 10.1247/csf.21078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-like 3 (UBL3) is a well-conserved ubiquitin-like protein (UBL) in eukaryotes and regulates the ubiquitin cascade, but the significant roles of UBL3 in cellular processes remained unknown. Recently, UBL3 was elucidated to be a post-translational modification factor that promotes protein sorting to small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). Proteins sorted into sEVs have been studied as etiologies of sEV-related diseases. Also, there have been attempts to construct drug delivery systems (DDSs) by loading proteins into sEVs. In this review, we introduce the new concept that UBL3 has a critical role in the protein-sorting system and compare structure conservation between UBL3 and other UBLs from an evolutionary perspective. We conclude with future perspectives for the utility of UBL3 in sEV-related diseases and DDS.Key words: UBL3, small extracellular vesicles, protein sorting, ubiquitin-like protein, post-translational modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takanashi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi Ward, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
- First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi Ward, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kahyo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi Ward, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Sae Kamamoto
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi Ward, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hengsen Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi Ward, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi Ward, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yashuang Ping
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi Ward, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kiyomichi Mizuno
- First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi Ward, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Akikazu Kawase
- First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi Ward, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kei Koizumi
- First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi Ward, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Masanori Satou
- First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi Ward, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Funai
- First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi Ward, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Norihiko Shiiya
- First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi Ward, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi Ward, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
- International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi Ward, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
- Department of Systems Molecular Anatomy, Institute for Medical Photonics Research, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi Ward, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
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Varca AC, Casalena D, Chan WC, Hu B, Magin RS, Roberts RM, Liu X, Zhu H, Seo HS, Dhe-Paganon S, Marto JA, Auld D, Buhrlage SJ. Identification and validation of selective deubiquitinase inhibitors. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:1758-1771.e13. [PMID: 34129829 PMCID: PMC9473745 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are a class of isopeptidases that regulate ubiquitin dynamics through catalytic cleavage of ubiquitin from protein substrates and ubiquitin precursors. Despite growing interest in DUB biological function and potential as therapeutic targets, few selective small-molecule inhibitors and no approved drugs currently exist. To identify chemical scaffolds targeting specific DUBs and establish a broader framework for future inhibitor development across the gene family, we performed high-throughput screening of a chemically diverse small-molecule library against eight different DUBs, spanning three well-characterized DUB families. Promising hit compounds were validated in a series of counter-screens and orthogonal assays, as well as further assessed for selectivity across expanded panels of DUBs. Through these efforts, we have identified multiple highly selective DUB inhibitors and developed a roadmap for rapidly identifying and validating selective inhibitors of related enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C Varca
- Department of Cancer Biology and the Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dominick Casalena
- FAST Lab, Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Wai Cheung Chan
- Department of Cancer Biology and the Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Cancer Biology and the Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robert S Magin
- Department of Cancer Biology and the Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rebekka M Roberts
- Department of Cancer Biology and the Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology and the Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - He Zhu
- Department of Cancer Biology and the Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hyuk-Soo Seo
- Department of Cancer Biology and the Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sirano Dhe-Paganon
- Department of Cancer Biology and the Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jarrod A Marto
- Department of Cancer Biology and the Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Douglas Auld
- FAST Lab, Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sara J Buhrlage
- Department of Cancer Biology and the Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Deubiquitinase JOSD2 stabilizes YAP/TAZ to promote cholangiocarcinoma progression. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:4008-4019. [PMID: 35024322 PMCID: PMC8727894 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) has emerged as an intractable cancer with scanty therapeutic regimens. The aberrant activation of Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are reported to be common in CCA patients. However, the underpinning mechanism remains poorly understood. Deubiquitinase (DUB) is regarded as a main orchestrator in maintaining protein homeostasis. Here, we identified Josephin domain-containing protein 2 (JOSD2) as an essential DUB of YAP/TAZ that sustained the protein level through cleavage of polyubiquitin chains in a deubiquitinase activity-dependent manner. The depletion of JOSD2 promoted YAP/TAZ proteasomal degradation and significantly impeded CCA proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Further analysis has highlighted the positive correlation between JOSD2 and YAP abundance in CCA patient samples. Collectively, this study uncovers the regulatory effects of JOSD2 on YAP/TAZ protein stabilities and profiles its contribution in CCA malignant progression, which may provide a potential intervention target for YAP/TAZ-related CCA patients.
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Key Words
- CCA, cholangiocarcinoma
- Cholangiocarcinoma
- DAB, 3,3-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride chromogen
- DUB, deubiquitinase
- Deubiquitinase
- FGFR, fibroblast growth factor receptor
- FOLFOX, folinic acid, 5-FU and oxaliplatin
- IDH1/2, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- IP, immunoprecipitation
- JOSD2
- KRAS, kirsten rat sarcoma 2 viral oncogene homolog
- LATS1/2, large tumor suppressor kinase 1/2
- MST1/2, mammalian Ste20-like kinases 1/2
- OTUB2, otubain-2
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PDC, patient derived cell
- PDX, patient-derived xenograft
- RTV, relative tumor volume
- SRB, sulforhodamine B
- TAZ, transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif
- TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas
- USP9X/10/47, ubiquitin-specific peptidase 9X/10/47
- YAP, Yes-associated protein
- YAP/TAZ
- YOD1, ubiquitin thioesterase OTU1
- rhJOSD2, recombinant human JOSD2
- shRNA, specific hairpin RNA
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Tyagi A, Haq S, Ramakrishna S. Redox regulation of DUBs and its therapeutic implications in cancer. Redox Biol 2021; 48:102194. [PMID: 34814083 PMCID: PMC8608616 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as a double-edged sword in cancer, where low levels of ROS are beneficial but excessive accumulation leads to cancer progression. Elevated levels of ROS in cancer are counteracted by the antioxidant defense system. An imbalance between ROS generation and the antioxidant system alters gene expression and cellular signaling, leading to cancer progression or death. Post-translational modifications, such as ubiquitination, phosphorylation, and SUMOylation, play a critical role in the maintenance of ROS homeostasis by controlling ROS production and clearance. Recent evidence suggests that deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs)-mediated ubiquitin removal from substrates is regulated by ROS. ROS-mediated oxidation of the catalytic cysteine (Cys) of DUBs, leading to their reversible inactivation, has emerged as a key mechanism regulating DUB-controlled cellular events. A better understanding of the mechanism by which DUBs are susceptible to ROS and exploring the ways to utilize ROS to pharmacologically modulate DUB-mediated signaling pathways might provide new insight for anticancer therapeutics. This review assesses the recent findings regarding ROS-mediated signaling in cancers, emphasizes DUB regulation by oxidation, highlights the relevant recent findings, and proposes directions of future research based on the ROS-induced modifications of DUB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorvi Tyagi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Saba Haq
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea; College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
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Tecalco-Cruz AC, Zepeda-Cervantes J, Ramírez-Jarquín JO, Rojas-Ochoa A. Proteolysis-targeting chimeras and their implications in breast cancer. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2021; 2:496-510. [PMID: 36046115 PMCID: PMC9400758 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2021.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a highly heterogeneous neoplasm of the mammary tissue, causing the deaths of a large number of women worldwide. Nearly 70% and 20% of BC cases are estrogen receptor alpha positive (ERα+) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+), respectively; therefore, ER and HER2 targeted therapies have been employed in BC treatment. However, resistance to these therapies has been reported, indicating a need for developing novel therapeutic strategies. Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are new, promising therapeutic tools designed with a bimodular structure: one module allows specific binding to target proteins, and the other module allows efficient degradation of these target proteins. In this paper, PROTACs and their potential in controlling the progression of ERα and HER2+ BC are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles C. Tecalco-Cruz
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México (UACM), CDMX, Mexico City 03100, Mexico
| | - Jesús Zepeda-Cervantes
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), CDMX, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Josué O. Ramírez-Jarquín
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), CDMX, Mexico City 04500, Mexico
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Pan K, Fu J, Xu W. Role of Ubiquitin-Specific Peptidase 47 in Cancers and Other Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:726632. [PMID: 34604226 PMCID: PMC8484750 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.726632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Deubiquitination is the reverse process of ubiquitination, which is catalyzed by deubiquitinase enzymes. More than 100 deubiquitinases have been identified. Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 47 (USP47), a member of the ubiquitin-specific protease family with high homology to USP7, is an active molecule with a wide range of functions and is closely associated with cancer and other diseases. However, no systematic summary exists regarding the functions of USP47. Here, we summarize the functions and expression regulation of USP47. USP47 is highly expressed in many tumors and is widely involved in tumor development, metastasis, drug resistance, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and other processes. Targeted inhibition of USP47 can reverse malignant tumor behavior. USP47 also plays a role in inflammatory responses, myocardial infarction, and neuronal development. USP47 is involved in multiple levels of expression-regulating mechanisms, including transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational modifications. Development of targeted inhibitors against USP47 will provide a basis for studying the mechanisms of USP47 and developing therapeutic strategies for cancers and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailing Pan
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Junhao Fu
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Wenxia Xu
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
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63
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Zhou Y, Xie Q, Wang H, Sun H. Chemical approaches for the preparation of ubiquitinated proteins via natural linkages. J Pept Sci 2021; 28:e3367. [PMID: 34514672 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is an important posttranslation modification (PTM) that regulates a variety of cellular processes, including protein degradation, DNA repair, and viral infections. In this process, the C-terminal carboxyl group of ubiquitin (Ub) or poly-Ub is attached to the ε-amine of lysine (Lys) side chain of an acceptor protein through an isopeptide bond. Studying a molecular mechanism of ubiquitination and deubiquitination is fundamental for unraveling its precise role in health and disease and hence crucial for drug development. Enzymatic approaches for protein ubiquitination possess limited ability to selectivity install Ub or Ub chain on the desired position of an acceptor protein and often lead to heterogeneous mixtures. In the past decades, chemical protein (semi)synthesis has been proved to be an efficient tool to facilitate site-specific protein ubiquitination, which significantly contributes to decode the Ub signal at molecular and structural levels. In this review, we summarize the synthetic strategies developed for protein ubiquitination, and the achievements to generate monoubiquitinated, di-ubiquitinated, and tetraubiquitinated proteins with native isopeptide and ester bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Zhou
- College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingsong Xie
- College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huagui Wang
- College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Sun
- College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Overexpression of the Ubiquitin Specific Proteases USP43, USP41, USP27x and USP6 in Osteosarcoma Cell Lines: Inhibition of Osteosarcoma Tumor Growth and Lung Metastasis Development by the USP Antagonist PR619. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092268. [PMID: 34571917 PMCID: PMC8464711 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant bone tumor in children and teenagers. In many cases, such as poor response to treatment or the presence of metastases at diagnosis, the survival rate of patients remains very low. Although in the literature, more and more studies are emerging on the role of Ubiquitin-Specific Proteases (USPs) in the development of many cancers, few data exist regarding OS. In this context, RNA-sequencing analysis of OS cells and mesenchymal stem cells differentiated or not differentiated into osteoblasts reveals increased expression of four USPs in OS tumor cells: USP6, USP27x, USP41 and USP43. Tissue microarray analysis of patient biopsies demonstrates the nucleic and/or cytoplasmic expression of these four USPs at the protein level. Interestingly, Kaplan–Meyer analysis shows that the expression of two USPs, USP6 and USP41, is correlated with patient survival. In vivo experiments using a preclinical OS model, finally demonstrate that PR619, a USP inhibitor able to enhance protein ubiquitination in OS cell lines, reduces primary OS tumor growth and the development of lung metastases. In this context, in vitro experiments show that PR619 decreases the viability of OS cells, mainly by inducing a caspase3/7-dependent cell apoptosis. Overall, these results demonstrate the relevance of targeting USPs in OS.
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Zhang F, Zhao Y, Sun Y. USP2 is an SKP2 deubiquitylase that stabilizes both SKP2 and its substrates. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101109. [PMID: 34425107 PMCID: PMC8446802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The stability of a protein is regulated by a balance between its ubiquitylation and deubiquitylation. S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) is an oncogenic F-box protein that recognizes tumor suppressor substrates for targeted ubiquitylation by the E3 ligase SKP1-Cullin1-F-box and degradation by proteasome. SKP2 is itself ubiquitylated by the E3 ligases APC/CCDH1 and SCFFBXW2, and deubiquitylated by deubiquitylases (DUBs) USP10 and USP13. Given the biological significance of SKP2, it is likely that the other E3s or DUBs may also regulate its stability. Here, we report the identification and characterization of USP2 as a new DUB. We first screened a panel of DUBs and found that both USP2 and USP21 bound to endogenous SKP2, but only USP2 deubiquitylated and stabilized SKP2 protein. USP2 inactivation via siRNA knockdown or small-molecule inhibitor treatment remarkably shortened SKP2 protein half-life by enhancing its ubiquitylation and subsequent degradation. Unexpectedly, USP2-stabilized SKP2 did not destabilize its substrates p21 and p27. Mechanistically, USP2 bound to SKP2 via the leucine-rich repeat substrate-binding domain on SKP2 to disrupt the SKP2-substrate binding, leading to stabilization of both SKP2 and these substrates. Biologically, growth suppression induced by USP2 knockdown or USP2 inhibitor is partially mediated via modulation of SKP2 and its substrates. Our study revealed a new mechanism of the cross-talk among the E3–DUB substrates and its potential implication in targeting the USP2–SKP2 axis for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwu Zhang
- Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongchao Zhao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yi Sun
- Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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NLRP3 Ubiquitination-A New Approach to Target NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168780. [PMID: 34445484 PMCID: PMC8395773 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to diverse pathogenic and danger signals, the cytosolic activation of the NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing (3)) inflammasome complex is a critical event in the maturation and release of some inflammatory cytokines in the state of an inflammatory response. After activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, a series of cellular events occurs, including caspase 1-mediated proteolytic cleavage and maturation of the IL-1β and IL-18, followed by pyroptotic cell death. Therefore, the NLRP3 inflammasome has become a prime target for the resolution of many inflammatory disorders. Since NLRP3 inflammasome activation can be triggered by a wide range of stimuli and the activation process occurs in a complex, it is difficult to target the NLRP3 inflammasome. During the activation process, various post-translational modifications (PTM) of the NLRP3 protein are required to form a complex with other components. The regulation of ubiquitination and deubiquitination of NLRP3 has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for NLRP3 inflammasome-associated inflammatory disorders. In this review, we discuss the ubiquitination and deubiquitination system for NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the inhibitors that can be used as potential therapeutic agents to modulate the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Liu S, Wang T, Shi Y, Bai L, Wang S, Guo D, Zhang Y, Qi Y, Chen C, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Yang Q, Wang Y, Liu H. USP42 drives nuclear speckle mRNA splicing via directing dynamic phase separation to promote tumorigenesis. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:2482-2498. [PMID: 33731873 PMCID: PMC8329168 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00763-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation is considered a generic approach to organize membrane-less compartments, enabling the dynamic regulation of phase-separated assemblies to be investigated and pivotal roles of protein posttranslational modifications to be demonstrated. By surveying the subcellular localizations of human deubiquitylases, USP42 was identified to form nuclear punctate structures that are associated with phase separation properties. Bioinformatic analysis demonstrated that the USP42 C-terminal sequence was intrinsically disordered, which was further experimentally confirmed to confer phase separation features. USP42 is distributed to SC35-positive nuclear speckles in a positively charged C-terminal residue- and enzymatic activity-dependent manner. Notably, USP42 directs the integration of the spliceosome component PLRG1 into nuclear speckles, and its depletion interferes with the conformation of SC35 foci. Functionally, USP42 downregulation deregulates multiple mRNA splicing events and leads to deterred cancer cell growth, which is consistent with the impact of PLRG1 repression. Finally, USP42 expression is strongly correlated with that of PLRG1 in non-small-cell lung cancer samples and predicts adverse prognosis in overall survival. As a deubiquitylase capable of dynamically guiding nuclear speckle phase separation and mRNA splicing, USP42 inhibition presents a novel anticancer strategy by targeting phase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Liu
- grid.411971.b0000 0000 9558 1426The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province China
| | - Taishu Wang
- grid.411971.b0000 0000 9558 1426The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province China
| | - Yulin Shi
- grid.411971.b0000 0000 9558 1426The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province China
| | - Lu Bai
- grid.411971.b0000 0000 9558 1426The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- grid.411971.b0000 0000 9558 1426The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province China
| | - Dong Guo
- grid.411971.b0000 0000 9558 1426The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province China
| | - Yang Zhang
- grid.411971.b0000 0000 9558 1426The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province China
| | - Yangfan Qi
- grid.411971.b0000 0000 9558 1426The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province China
| | - Chaoqun Chen
- grid.411971.b0000 0000 9558 1426The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province China
| | - Jinrui Zhang
- grid.411971.b0000 0000 9558 1426The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province China
| | - Yingqiu Zhang
- grid.411971.b0000 0000 9558 1426The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province China
| | - Quentin Liu
- grid.411971.b0000 0000 9558 1426The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province China
| | - Qingkai Yang
- grid.411971.b0000 0000 9558 1426The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province China
| | - Yang Wang
- grid.411971.b0000 0000 9558 1426The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province China
| | - Han Liu
- grid.411971.b0000 0000 9558 1426The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province China
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Wang Z, Jiang L, Zhang D, Chen D, Wang L, Xiao D. USP13-mediated IRAK4 deubiquitination disrupts the pathological symptoms of lipopolysaccharides-induced sepsis. Microbes Infect 2021; 23:104867. [PMID: 34298177 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2021.104867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 13 (USP13) has been reported to participate in tumorigenesis, cell cycle arrest, endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation, and immune responses. Here, we explored the function of USP13 in pro-inflammatory cytokine production of macrophages and its role in mouse sepsis model. Primary bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) isolated from wild type (WT) and USP13MKO mice were treated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS), IL-4, toll-like receptors (TLRs) agonists, and IRAK4 inhibitor to profile the inflammatory responses with different genotypes. Mouse sepsis model (WT and USP13MKO) created by intraperitoneal injection with LPS plus D-galactosamine was used to assess septic shock-induced survival and lung inflammation. Flow cytometry, qRT-PCT, Western blot, and ELISA were performed to detect pro-inflammatory production and macrophage polarization. USP13 was a key regulator of IRAK4 deubiquitination in BMDMs and its myeloid specific deficiency contributed to LPS-induced pro-inflammatory response and septic symptoms. IRAK4 inhibitor co-administration improved in LPS-induced inflammatory responses in both BMDMs and septic mice. USP13 negatively regulates LPS-induced sepsis shock by targeting IRAK4. In summary, targeting USP13-IRAK4 axis might be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of inflammation in sepsis shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigao Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No.91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Long Jiang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No.91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Daquan Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No.91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No.91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No.91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Dong Xiao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No.91 Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
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69
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LaPlante G, Zhang W. Targeting the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System for Cancer Therapeutics by Small-Molecule Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3079. [PMID: 34203106 PMCID: PMC8235664 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a critical regulator of cellular protein levels and activity. It is, therefore, not surprising that its dysregulation is implicated in numerous human diseases, including many types of cancer. Moreover, since cancer cells exhibit increased rates of protein turnover, their heightened dependence on the UPS makes it an attractive target for inhibition via targeted therapeutics. Indeed, the clinical application of proteasome inhibitors in treatment of multiple myeloma has been very successful, stimulating the development of small-molecule inhibitors targeting other UPS components. On the other hand, while the discovery of potent and selective chemical compounds can be both challenging and time consuming, the area of targeted protein degradation through utilization of the UPS machinery has seen promising developments in recent years. The repertoire of proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), which employ E3 ligases for the degradation of cancer-related proteins via the proteasome, continues to grow. In this review, we will provide a thorough overview of small-molecule UPS inhibitors and highlight advancements in the development of targeted protein degradation strategies for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel LaPlante
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada;
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada;
- CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, MaRS Centre West Tower, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G1M1, Canada
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Pawge G, Khatik GL. p53 regulated senescence mechanism and role of its modulators in age-related disorders. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 190:114651. [PMID: 34118220 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiple co-morbidities are associated with age, and there is a need for the broad-spectrum drug to prevent multiple regimens that may cause an adverse effect in the geriatric population. Cellular senescence is a primary mechanism for ageing in various tissues. p53, a tumor suppressor protein, plays a significant role in forming DNA damage foci and post different stress responses. DNA damage foci can be transient or persistent that can progress to DNA-SCARS inducing senescence. p53 also plays a role in apoptosis and negative regulation of SASP. Few upstream targets like FOXO4, MDM2, MDM4, USP7 control the availability of p53 for apoptosis. Hence, the senolytic therapies, modulating p53 upstream targets, can be a good approach for preventing age-related disorders. This review discusses the insights on the role of p53 in the formation of DNA-SCARS, various upstream target proteins, and pathways involved in p53 regulation. Further, the review aimed to include recently discovered small molecules acting on these upstream targets, and those can be modified using medicinal chemistry approaches to give successful senotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girija Pawge
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research- Raebareli, New Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226301, India
| | - Gopal L Khatik
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research- Raebareli, New Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226301, India.
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71
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Guo JN, Xia BR, Deng SH, Yang C, Pi YN, Cui BB, Jin WL. Deubiquitinating Enzymes Orchestrate the Cancer Stem Cell-Immunosuppressive Niche Dialogue: New Perspectives and Therapeutic Potential. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:680100. [PMID: 34179009 PMCID: PMC8220152 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.680100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are sparks for igniting tumor recurrence and the instigators of low response to immunotherapy and drug resistance. As one of the important components of tumor microenvironment, the tumor associated immune microenvironment (TAIM) is driving force for the heterogeneity, plasticity and evolution of CSCs. CSCs create the inhibitory TAIM (ITAIM) mainly through four stemness-related signals (SRSs), including Notch-nuclear factor-κB axis, Hedgehog, Wnt and signal transducer and activator of transcription. Ubiquitination and deubiquitination in proteins related to the specific stemness of the CSCs have a profound impact on the regulation of ITAIM. In regulating the balance between ubiquitination and deubiquitination, it is crucial for deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) to cleave ubiquitin chains from substrates. Ubiquitin-specific peptidases (USPs) comprise the largest family of DUBs. Growing evidence suggests that they play novel functions in contribution of ITAIM, including regulating tumor immunogenicity, activating stem cell factors, upregulating the SRSs, stabilizing anti-inflammatory receptors, and regulating anti-inflammatory cytokines. These overactive or abnormal signaling may dampen antitumor immune responses. The inhibition of USPs could play a regulatory role in SRSs and reversing ITAIM, and also have great potential in improving immune killing ability against tumor cells, including CSCs. In this review, we focus on the USPs involved in CSCs signaling pathways and regulating ITAIM, which are promising therapeutic targets in antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Nan Guo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Bai-Rong Xia
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shen-Hui Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chang Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Ya-Nan Pi
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Bin-Bin Cui
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Wei-Lin Jin
- Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Aliabadi F, Sohrabi B, Mostafavi E, Pazoki-Toroudi H, Webster TJ. Ubiquitin-proteasome system and the role of its inhibitors in cancer therapy. Open Biol 2021; 11:200390. [PMID: 33906413 PMCID: PMC8080017 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite all the other cells that have the potential to prevent cancer development and metastasis through tumour suppressor proteins, cancer cells can upregulate the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) by which they can degrade tumour suppressor proteins and avoid apoptosis. This system plays an extensive role in cell regulation organized in two steps. Each step has an important role in controlling cancer. This demonstrates the importance of understanding UPS inhibitors and improving these inhibitors to foster a new hope in cancer therapy. UPS inhibitors, as less invasive chemotherapy drugs, are increasingly used to alleviate symptoms of various cancers in malignant states. Despite their success in reducing the development of cancer with the lowest side effects, thus far, an appropriate inhibitor that can effectively inactivate this system with the least drug resistance has not yet been fully investigated. A fundamental understanding of the system is necessary to fully elucidate its role in causing/controlling cancer. In this review, we first comprehensively investigate this system, and then each step containing ubiquitination and protein degradation as well as their inhibitors are discussed. Ultimately, its advantages and disadvantages and some perspectives for improving the efficiency of these inhibitors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Aliabadi
- Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Beheshteh Sohrabi
- Department of Chemistry, Surface Chemistry Research Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology, PO Box 16846-13114, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hamidreza Pazoki-Toroudi
- Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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73
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Advances in the Development Ubiquitin-Specific Peptidase (USP) Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094546. [PMID: 33925279 PMCID: PMC8123678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitylation and deubiquitylation are reversible protein post-translational modification (PTM) processes involving the regulation of protein degradation under physiological conditions. Loss of balance in this regulatory system can lead to a wide range of diseases, such as cancer and inflammation. As the main members of the deubiquitinases (DUBs) family, ubiquitin-specific peptidases (USPs) are closely related to biological processes through a variety of molecular signaling pathways, including DNA damage repair, p53 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathways. Over the past decade, increasing attention has been drawn to USPs as potential targets for the development of therapeutics across diverse therapeutic areas. In this review, we summarize the crucial roles of USPs in different signaling pathways and focus on advances in the development of USP inhibitors, as well as the methods of screening and identifying USP inhibitors.
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Chen X, Dou QP, Liu J, Tang D. Targeting Ubiquitin-Proteasome System With Copper Complexes for Cancer Therapy. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:649151. [PMID: 33928122 PMCID: PMC8076789 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.649151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterizing mechanisms of protein homeostasis, a process of balancing between protein synthesis and protein degradation, is important for understanding the potential causes of human diseases. The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) is a well-studied mechanism of protein catabolism, which is responsible for eliminating misfolded, damaged, or aging proteins, thereby maintaining quality and quantity of cellular proteins. The UPS is composed of multiple components, including a series of enzymes (E1, E2, E3, and deubiquitinase [DUB]) and 26S proteasome (19S regulatory particles + 20S core particle). An impaired UPS pathway is involved in multiple diseases, including cancer. Several proteasome inhibitors, such as bortezomib, carfilzomib, and ixazomib, are approved to treat patients with certain cancers. However, their applications are limited by side effects, drug resistance, and drug–drug interactions observed in their clinical processes. To overcome these shortcomings, alternative UPS inhibitors have been searched for in many fields. Copper complexes (e.g., CuET, CuHQ, CuCQ, CuPDTC, CuPT, and CuHK) are found to be able to inhibit a core component of the UPS machinery, such as 20S proteasome, 19S DUBs, and NPLOC4/NPL4 complex, and are proposed to be one class of metal-based anticancer drugs. In this review, we will summarize functions and applications of copper complexes in a concise perspective, with a focus on connections between the UPS and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Q Ping Dou
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States.,Departments of Pharmacology & Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Jinbao Liu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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75
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Hang C, Gong C, Fang Y, Chen L, Zhu J. Ubiquitin-specific protease 14 (USP14) promotes proliferation and metastasis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:187-196. [PMID: 33394290 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09934-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown aberrant expression of ubiquitin-specific protease 14 (USP14) in multiple malignancies, suggesting an important role of USP14 in tumorigenesis. However, the functional role of USP14 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has never been elucidated. In this study, we found that USP14 was remarkably upregulated in PDAC tissues compared with normal pancreatic tissues. Notably, Kaplan-Meier curves showed that high expression of USP14 predicted significantly worse prognosis in PDAC patients than low expression of USP14. To determine whether USP14 could regulate the proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis of PDAC cells, we knocked down endogenous USP14 or overexpressed exogenous USP14 in Panc-1 and BxPC-3 cells. Using MTT assays, colony formation analyses, flow cytometry assays, and cell invasion and migration assays, we found that knockdown of USP14 attenuated proliferation, induced apoptosis and restrained invasion and migration of PDAC cells. Overexpression of USP14 could enhance proliferation, prevent apoptosis and promote invasion and migration of PDAC cells. In addition, USP14 could regulate the expression of cyclin D1, PCNA and E-cadherin, three important carcinogenic factors, in PDAC cells. These findings suggest that USP14 might play an important role in promoting the tumorigenesis of PDAC and thus be a promising therapeutic target to prevent PDAC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Hang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Taicang, Taicang, 215400, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chen Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Taicang, Taicang, 215400, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanfei Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Taicang, Taicang, 215400, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Taicang, Taicang, 215400, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianxin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Taicang, Taicang, 215400, Jiangsu Province, China.
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76
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Chen XY, Liang R, Yi YC, Fan HN, Chen M, Zhang J, Zhu JS. The m 6A Reader YTHDF1 Facilitates the Tumorigenesis and Metastasis of Gastric Cancer via USP14 Translation in an m 6A-Dependent Manner. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:647702. [PMID: 33791305 PMCID: PMC8006284 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.647702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation is implicated in the progression of multiple cancers via influencing mRNA modification. YTHDF1 can act as an oncogene in gastric cancer (GC), while the biological mechanisms via which YTHDF1 regulates gastric tumorigenesis through m6A modification remain largely unknown. Methods GEO and TCGA cohorts were analyzed for differentially expressed m6A modification components in GC clinical specimens and their association with clinical prognosis. Transwell and flow cytometry assays as well as subcutaneous xenograft and lung metastasis models were used to evaluate the phenotype of YTHDF1 in GC. Intersection of RNA/MeRIP-seq, luciferase assay, RIP-PCR, RNA pull-down and MeRIP-PCR was used to identify YTHDF1- modified USP14 and its m6A levels in GC cells. Results High-expressed YTHDF1 was found in GC tissues and was related to poor prognosis, acting as an independent prognostic factor of poor survival in GC patients. YTHDF1 deficiency inhibited cell proliferation and invasion (in vitro), and gastric tumorigenesis and lung metastasis (in vivo) and also induced cell apoptosis. Intersection assays revealed that YTHDF1 promoted USP14 protein translation in an m6A-dependent manner. USP14 upregulation was positively correlated with YTHDF1 expression and indicated a poor prognosis in GC. Conclusion Our data suggested that m6A reader YTHDF1 facilitated tumorigenesis and metastasis of GC by promoting USP14 protein translation in an m6A-dependent manner and might provide a potential target for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - You-Cai Yi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Ning Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Shui Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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77
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Lin HC, Kuan Y, Chu HF, Cheng SC, Pan HC, Chen WY, Sun CY, Lin TH. Disulfiram and 6-Thioguanine synergistically inhibit the enzymatic activities of USP2 and USP21. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 176:490-497. [PMID: 33582217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Disulfiram is a promising repurposed drug that, combining with radiation and chemotherapy, exhibits effective anticancer activities in several preclinical models. The cellular metabolites of disulfiram have been established, however, the intracellular targets of disulfiram remain largely unexplored. We have previously reported that disulfiram suppresses the coronaviral papain-like proteases through attacking their zinc-finger domains, suggesting an inhibitory function potentially on other proteases with similar catalytic structures. Ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) share a highly-conserved zinc-finger subdomain that structurally similar to the papain-like proteases and are attractive anticancer targets as upregulated USPs levels are found in a variety of tumors. Here, we report that disulfiram functions as a competitive inhibitor for both USP2 and USP21, two tumor-related deubiquitinases. In addition, we also observed a synergistic inhibition of USP2 and USP21 by disulfiram and 6-Thioguanine (6TG), a clinical drug for acute myeloid leukemia. Kinetic analyses revealed that both drugs exhibited a slow-binding mechanism, moderate inhibitory parameters, and a synergistically inhibitory effect on USP2 and USP21, suggesting the potential combinatory use of these two drugs for USPs-related tumors. Taken together, our study provides biochemical evidence for repurposing disulfiram and 6TG as a combinatory treatment in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Cheng Lin
- Basic Research Division, Medical Research Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Ying Kuan
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Acedemia Sinica, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Feng Chu
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Biomedical Industry Ph.D. Program, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Chih Pan
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yi Chen
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Acedemia Sinica, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Yin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan.
| | - Ta-Hsien Lin
- Basic Research Division, Medical Research Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Biomedical Industry Ph.D. Program, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
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78
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Ajadi MB, Soremekun OS, Adewumi AT, Kumalo HM, Soliman MES. Functional Analysis of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in ZUFSP Protein and Implication in Pathogenesis. Protein J 2021; 40:28-40. [PMID: 33512633 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-021-09962-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Researches have revealed that functional non-synonymous Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (nsSNPs) present in the Zinc-finger with UFM1-Specific Peptidase domain protein (ZUFSP) may be involved in genetic instability and carcinogenesis. For the first time, we employed in-silico approach using predictive tools to identify and validate potential nsSNPs that could be pathogenic. Our result revealed that 8 nsSNPs (rs 112738382, rs 140094037, rs 201652589, rs 201847265, rs 202076827, rs 373634906, rs 375114528, rs 772591104) are pathogenic after being subjected to rigorous filtering process. The structural impact of the nsSNPs on ZUFSP structure indicated that the nsSNPs affect the stability of the protein by lowering ZUFSP protein stability. Furthermore, conservation analysis showed that rs 201652589, rs 140094037, rs 201847265, and rs 772591104 were highly conserved. Interestingly, the protein-protein affinity between ZUFSP and Ubiquitin was altered rs 201652589, rs 140094037, rs 201847265, and rs 772591104 had a binding affinity of - 0.46, - 0.83, - 1.62, and - 1.12 kcal/mol respectively. Our study has been able to identify potential nsSNPs that could be used as genetic biomarkers for some diseases arising as a result of aberration in the ZUFSP structure, however, being a predictive study, the identified nsSNPs need to be experimentally investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary B Ajadi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
- Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, PMB 4400, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Opeyemi S Soremekun
- Molecular Bio-Computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Adeniyi T Adewumi
- Molecular Bio-Computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Hezekiel M Kumalo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud E S Soliman
- Molecular Bio-Computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4001, South Africa.
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79
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Cao Y, Xie L, Shi F, Tang M, Li Y, Hu J, Zhao L, Zhao L, Yu X, Luo X, Liao W, Bode AM. Targeting the signaling in Epstein-Barr virus-associated diseases: mechanism, regulation, and clinical study. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:15. [PMID: 33436584 PMCID: PMC7801793 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein–Barr virus-associated diseases are important global health concerns. As a group I carcinogen, EBV accounts for 1.5% of human malignances, including both epithelial- and lymphatic-originated tumors. Moreover, EBV plays an etiological and pathogenic role in a number of non-neoplastic diseases, and is even involved in multiple autoimmune diseases (SADs). In this review, we summarize and discuss some recent exciting discoveries in EBV research area, which including DNA methylation alterations, metabolic reprogramming, the changes of mitochondria and ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), oxidative stress and EBV lytic reactivation, variations in non-coding RNA (ncRNA), radiochemotherapy and immunotherapy. Understanding and learning from this advancement will further confirm the far-reaching and future value of therapeutic strategies in EBV-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Cao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China. .,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China. .,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China. .,Research Center for Technologies of Nucleic Acid-Based Diagnostics and Therapeutics Hunan Province, 410078, Changsha, China. .,Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,National Joint Engineering Research Center for Genetic Diagnostics of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, 410078, Changsha, China. .,Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.
| | - Longlong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Min Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yueshuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Jianmin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Luqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Xinfang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangjian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weihua Liao
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
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80
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Götting I, Jendrossek V, Matschke J. A New Twist in Protein Kinase B/Akt Signaling: Role of Altered Cancer Cell Metabolism in Akt-Mediated Therapy Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228563. [PMID: 33202866 PMCID: PMC7697684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy and molecular-targeted agents is a major obstacle to successful cancer therapy. Herein, aberrant activation of the phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway is one of the most frequently deregulated pathways in cancer cells and has been associated with multiple aspects of therapy resistance. These include, for example, survival under stress conditions, apoptosis resistance, activation of the cellular response to DNA damage and repair of radiation-induced or chemotherapy-induced DNA damage, particularly DNA double strand breaks (DSB). One further important, yet not much investigated aspect of Akt-dependent signaling is the regulation of cell metabolism. In fact, many Akt target proteins are part of or involved in the regulation of metabolic pathways. Furthermore, recent studies revealed the importance of certain metabolites for protection against therapy-induced cell stress and the repair of therapy-induced DNA damage. Thus far, the likely interaction between deregulated activation of Akt, altered cancer metabolism and therapy resistance is not yet well understood. The present review describes the documented interactions between Akt, its target proteins and cancer cell metabolism, focusing on antioxidant defense and DSB repair. Furthermore, the review highlights potential connections between deregulated Akt, cancer cell metabolism and therapy resistance of cancer cells through altered DSB repair and discusses potential resulting therapeutic implications.
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81
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Kaushal K, Ramakrishna S. Deubiquitinating Enzyme-Mediated Signaling Networks in Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3253. [PMID: 33158118 PMCID: PMC7694198 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have both the capacity for self-renewal and the potential to differentiate and contribute to multiple tumor properties, such as recurrence, metastasis, heterogeneity, multidrug resistance, and radiation resistance. Thus, CSCs are considered to be promising therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. The function of CSCs can be regulated by ubiquitination and deubiquitination of proteins related to the specific stemness of the cells executing various stem cell fate choices. To regulate the balance between ubiquitination and deubiquitination processes, the disassembly of ubiquitin chains from specific substrates by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) is crucial. Several key developmental and signaling pathways have been shown to play essential roles in this regulation. Growing evidence suggests that overactive or abnormal signaling within and among these pathways may contribute to the survival of CSCs. These signaling pathways have been experimentally shown to mediate various stem cell properties, such as self-renewal, cell fate decisions, survival, proliferation, and differentiation. In this review, we focus on the DUBs involved in CSCs signaling pathways, which are vital in regulating their stem-cell fate determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamini Kaushal
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea;
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea;
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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82
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Rasaei R, Sarodaya N, Kim KS, Ramakrishna S, Hong SH. Importance of Deubiquitination in Macrophage-Mediated Viral Response and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218090. [PMID: 33138315 PMCID: PMC7662591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination and deubiquitination play a fundamental role in the signaling pathways associated with innate and adaptive immune responses. Macrophages are key sentinels for the host defense, triggering antiviral and inflammatory responses against various invading pathogens. Macrophages recognize the genetic material of these pathogens as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) through the activation of its pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), initiating the cascade of immune signaling, which leads to the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines that initiates the appropriate immune response. Macrophage-mediated immune response is highly regulated and tightly controlled by the ubiquitin system since its abnormal activation or dysregulation may result in the severe pathogenesis of numerous inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) play a crucial role in reversing the ubiquitination and controlling the magnitude of the immune response. During infection, pathogens manipulate the host defense system by regulating DUBs to obtain nutrients and increase proliferation. Indeed, the regulation of DUBs by small molecule inhibitors has been proposed as an excellent way to control aberrant activation of immune signaling molecules. This review is focused on the complex role of DUBs in macrophage-mediated immune response, exploring the potential use of DUBs as therapeutic targets in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases by virtue of small molecule DUB inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Rasaei
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
| | - Neha Sarodaya
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (N.S.); (K.-S.K.)
| | - Kye-Seong Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (N.S.); (K.-S.K.)
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (N.S.); (K.-S.K.)
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Correspondence: or (S.R.); or (S.-H.H.)
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
- Correspondence: or (S.R.); or (S.-H.H.)
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83
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Dwane L, O'Connor AE, Das S, Moran B, Mulrane L, Pinto-Fernandez A, Ward E, Blümel AM, Cavanagh BL, Mooney B, Dirac AM, Jirström K, Kessler BM, Ní Chonghaile T, Bernards R, Gallagher WM, O'Connor DP. A Functional Genomic Screen Identifies the Deubiquitinase USP11 as a Novel Transcriptional Regulator of ERα in Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2020; 80:5076-5088. [PMID: 33004351 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 70% of breast cancers express estrogen receptor α (ERα) and depend on this key transcriptional regulator for proliferation and differentiation. While patients with this disease can be treated with targeted antiendocrine agents, drug resistance remains a significant issue, with almost half of patients ultimately relapsing. Elucidating the mechanisms that control ERα function may further our understanding of breast carcinogenesis and reveal new therapeutic opportunities. Here, we investigated the role of deubiquitinases (DUB) in regulating ERα in breast cancer. An RNAi loss-of-function screen in breast cancer cells targeting all DUBs identified USP11 as a regulator of ERα transcriptional activity, which was further validated by assessment of direct transcriptional targets of ERα. USP11 expression was induced by estradiol, an effect that was blocked by tamoxifen and not observed in ERα-negative cells. Mass spectrometry revealed a significant change to the proteome and ubiquitinome in USP11-knockdown (KD) cells in the presence of estradiol. RNA sequencing in LCC1 USP11-KD cells revealed significant suppression of cell-cycle-associated and ERα target genes, phenotypes that were not observed in LCC9 USP11-KD, antiendocrine-resistant cells. In a breast cancer patient cohort coupled with in silico analysis of publicly available cohorts, high expression of USP11 was significantly associated with poor survival in ERα-positive (ERα+) patients. Overall, this study highlights a novel role for USP11 in the regulation of ERα activity, where USP11 may represent a prognostic marker in ERα+ breast cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: A newly identified role for USP11 in ERα transcriptional activity represents a novel mechanism of ERα regulation and a pathway to be exploited for the management of ER-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Dwane
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling E O'Connor
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sudipto Das
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bruce Moran
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laoighse Mulrane
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adan Pinto-Fernandez
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elspeth Ward
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anna M Blümel
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brenton L Cavanagh
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Core, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian Mooney
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Annette M Dirac
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karin Jirström
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Benedikt M Kessler
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tríona Ní Chonghaile
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - René Bernards
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - William M Gallagher
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Darran P O'Connor
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
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84
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The NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibition with MLN4924 sensitizes human cancer cells of different origins to apoptosis and necroptosis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 691:108513. [PMID: 32721435 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES MLN4924 is an inhibitor of NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE) that interferes with the cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes formation and the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation. Here, we investigated the cytotoxic effect of MLN4924 and its ability to sensitize a broad range of cancer cells of different origins to tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF)-induced cell death alongside unravelling its mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell viability and caspases processing were determined after MLN4924 treatment either alone or with zVAD-fmk (pan caspase inhibitor), necrostatin-1 (nec-1, RIPK1 inhibitor) and necrosulfonamide (NSA, MLKL inhibitor). Moreover, MLN4924 ability to potentiate TNF-induced cell death was evaluated in 24 cell lines of different cancer origins. The impact of NAE inhibition with MLN4924 on TNF-induced apoptosis and necroptosis was evaluated using zVAD-fmk and nec-1, respectively. RESULTS MLN4924 alone was able to induce cell death in different cell lines that was attributed to apoptosis induction. Also, MLN4924 sensitized different cancer cell lines to TNF-induced cell death. MLN4924/TNF-induced cell death was apoptosis and necroptosis dependent that may be attributed to MLN4924 inhibition of NF-κB pathway activation. CONCLUSIONS Targeting NAE and NF-κB pathway with MLN4924 represents a substantial approach to enhance the sensitivity of diverse types of cancer cells. Moreover, the broad in vitro screening of MLN4924 anticancer activity provides a valuable guidance for elucidating the susceptible cancer types for the prospective clinical application of MLN4924.
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85
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Overexpression of Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 2 (USP2) in the Heart Suppressed Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Remodeling. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:4121750. [PMID: 32963492 PMCID: PMC7492881 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4121750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific protease 2 (USP2) is an important member of the deubiquitination system. GEO dataset revealed that USP2 was downregulated in the hearts under pressure overload. However, the cardiomyocyte-specific function of USP2 in the setting of pressure overload is unknown. In the current study, a mouse model of pressure overload was induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC, 2 weeks). Overexpression of USP2 in the heart was conducted by AAV9 infection. Changes in heart histology were detected by Masson's trichrome staining and hematoxylin-eosin staining (H&E). Echocardiography was used to assess cardiac function. The size of cardiomyocytes was examined by wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) staining. Cardiac oxidative stress was detected by dihydroethidine staining. Our results showed that USP2 was downregulated in the cardiomyocytes following 2 weeks of TAC. Overexpression of cardiac USP2 preserved ventricular function following 2 weeks of TAC. Overexpression of cardiac USP2 inhibited TAC-induced cardiac remodeling, by suppressing cardiac hypertrophy, inhibiting inflammatory responses and fibrosis, and attenuating oxidative stress. Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized role of USP2 in regulating pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling.
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86
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Tundo GR, Sbardella D, Santoro AM, Coletta A, Oddone F, Grasso G, Milardi D, Lacal PM, Marini S, Purrello R, Graziani G, Coletta M. The proteasome as a druggable target with multiple therapeutic potentialities: Cutting and non-cutting edges. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 213:107579. [PMID: 32442437 PMCID: PMC7236745 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) is an adaptable and finely tuned system that sustains proteostasis network under a large variety of physiopathological conditions. Its dysregulation is often associated with the onset and progression of human diseases; hence, UPS modulation has emerged as a promising new avenue for the development of treatments of several relevant pathologies, such as cancer and neurodegeneration. The clinical interest in proteasome inhibition has considerably increased after the FDA approval in 2003 of bortezomib for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma, which is now used in the front-line setting. Thereafter, two other proteasome inhibitors (carfilzomib and ixazomib), designed to overcome resistance to bortezomib, have been approved for treatment-experienced patients, and a variety of novel inhibitors are currently under preclinical and clinical investigation not only for haematological malignancies but also for solid tumours. However, since UPS collapse leads to toxic misfolded proteins accumulation, proteasome is attracting even more interest as a target for the care of neurodegenerative diseases, which are sustained by UPS impairment. Thus, conceptually, proteasome activation represents an innovative and largely unexplored target for drug development. According to a multidisciplinary approach, spanning from chemistry, biochemistry, molecular biology to pharmacology, this review will summarize the most recent available literature regarding different aspects of proteasome biology, focusing on structure, function and regulation of proteasome in physiological and pathological processes, mostly cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, connecting biochemical features and clinical studies of proteasome targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Tundo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - A M Santoro
- CNR, Institute of Crystallography, Catania, Italy
| | - A Coletta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - F Oddone
- IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | - G Grasso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - D Milardi
- CNR, Institute of Crystallography, Catania, Italy
| | - P M Lacal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - S Marini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - R Purrello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - G Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - M Coletta
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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87
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Dickson P, Simanski S, Ngundu JM, Kodadek T. Mechanistic Studies of the Multiple Myeloma and Melanoma Cell-Selective Toxicity of the Rpn13-Binding Peptoid KDT-11. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:1383-1395.e5. [PMID: 32857986 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported a peptoid ligand for the proteasomal ubiquitin receptor Rpn13 called KDT-11 and demonstrated that this compound is toxic to multiple myeloma cells, but not non-malignant cells. Here, we show that KDT-11 decreases the viability of a variety of cancer cell lines, especially melanomas and various blood cancers. The peptoid induces selective G1 cell-cycle arrest, resulting in eventual apoptosis. While KDT-11 does not antagonize any of the known protein-protein interactions involving Rpn13, the peptoid inhibits the ability of Rpn13 to stimulate the activity of an associated deubiquitylase Uch37/UCHL5 in vitro, suggesting a high level of Uch37 activity might be important for cancer cell proliferation. However, a variety of experiments in SK-MEL-5 melanoma cells suggest that KDT-11's cytotoxic effects are mediated by interactions with proteins other than Rpn13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige Dickson
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Scott Simanski
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - John Maina Ngundu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Thomas Kodadek
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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88
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Proteotoxic Stress and Cell Death in Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092385. [PMID: 32842524 PMCID: PMC7563887 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To maintain proteostasis, cells must integrate information and activities that supervise protein synthesis, protein folding, conformational stability, and also protein degradation. Extrinsic and intrinsic conditions can both impact normal proteostasis, causing the appearance of proteotoxic stress. Initially, proteotoxic stress elicits adaptive responses aimed at restoring proteostasis, allowing cells to survive the stress condition. However, if the proteostasis restoration fails, a permanent and sustained proteotoxic stress can be deleterious, and cell death ensues. Many cancer cells convive with high levels of proteotoxic stress, and this condition could be exploited from a therapeutic perspective. Understanding the cell death pathways engaged by proteotoxic stress is instrumental to better hijack the proliferative fate of cancer cells.
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89
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Li F, Sun Q, Liu K, Zhang L, Lin N, You K, Liu M, Kon N, Tian F, Mao Z, Li T, Tong T, Qin J, Gu W, Li D, Zhao W. OTUD5 cooperates with TRIM25 in transcriptional regulation and tumor progression via deubiquitination activity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4184. [PMID: 32826889 PMCID: PMC7442798 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17926-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic processes exert their greatest effect by targeting regulators of cell proliferation. Studying the mechanism underlying growth augmentation is expected to improve clinical therapies. The ovarian tumor (OTU) subfamily deubiquitinases have been implicated in the regulation of critical cell-signaling cascades, but most OTUs functions remain to be investigated. Through an unbiased RNAi screen, knockdown of OTUD5 is shown to significantly accelerate cell growth. Further investigation reveals that OTUD5 depletion leads to the enhanced transcriptional activity of TRIM25 and the inhibited expression of PML by altering the ubiquitination level of TRIM25. Importantly, OTUD5 knockdown accelerates tumor growth in a nude mouse model. OTUD5 expression is markedly downregulated in tumor tissues. The reduced OTUD5 level is associated with an aggressive phenotype and a poor clinical outcome for cancers patients. Our findings reveal a mechanism whereby OTUD5 regulates gene transcription and suppresses tumorigenesis by deubiquitinating TRIM25, providing a potential target for oncotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, 68 Jiyang West Road, 215600, Suzhou, China
| | - Ning Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiqiang You
- Department of Biomedical informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Post-translational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Mingwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Kon
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Feng Tian
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Zebin Mao
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Biomedical informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Post-translational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Tanjun Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Dawei Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, 68 Jiyang West Road, 215600, Suzhou, China.
| | - Wenhui Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China.
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90
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Li Q, Wang M, Xue H, Liu W, Guo Y, Xu R, Shao B, Yuan Q. Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 34 Inhibits Osteoclast Differentiation by Regulating NF-κB Signaling. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:1597-1608. [PMID: 32212276 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitination and deubiquitination enzymes ensure the stability and proper function of most cellular proteins. Disturbance of either enzyme compromises tissue homeostasis. We recently have identified that the ubiquitin-specific protease 34 (USP34) contributes to bone formation by promoting osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. However, its role in bone resorption, which couples bone formation, remains unknown. Here we show that knockdown of Usp34 promotes osteoclast differentiation of RAW264.7 cells. Conditional knockout of Usp34 in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) or in osteoclasts leads to elevated osteoclast function and low bone mass. Mechanically, we identify that USP34 restrains NF-κB signaling by deubiquitinating and stabilizing the NF-κB inhibitor alpha (IκBα). Overexpression of IκBα represses osteoclastic hyperfunction of Usp34-deficient RAW264.7 cells. Collectively, our results show that USP34 inhibits osteoclastogenesis by regulating NF-κB signaling. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Stomatology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanxiao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuchen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruoshi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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91
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Wang H, Meng Q, Ding Y, Xiong M, Zhu M, Yang Y, Su H, Gu L, Xu Y, Shi L, Zhou H, Zhang N. USP28 and USP25 are downregulated by Vismodegib in vitro and in colorectal cancer cell lines. FEBS J 2020; 288:1325-1342. [PMID: 32578360 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Deubiquitinase USP28 plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis by enhancing the stabilities of multiple cancer-related proteins including c-Myc, Notch1, and LSD1, and has become an attractive target for anticancer drug development. However, to date, only a few of USP28-targeted active compounds have been developed, and the active compound-binding pocket in USP28 has not been experimentally revealed yet. In this study, bioassay-based high-throughput screening was applied to discover USP28-targeted inhibitors from the commercially available drug library. Vismodegib, an inhibitor of Hedgehog signaling pathway and FDA-approved drug for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma, was found to exhibit inhibition activity against USP28 (IC50 : 4.41 ± 1.08 μm). Multiple biophysical and biochemical techniques including NMR, ITC, thermal shift assay, HDX-MS, and site-directed mutagenesis analysis were then used to characterize the interaction between Vismodegib and USP28. The binding pocket in USP28 for Vismodegib, which is mainly composed of two helical structures spanning D255-N278 and N286-Y293, was revealed. According to the possible binding pose generated by HDX-MS data-defined molecular docking, the binding cavity occupied by Vismodegib in USP28 aligns well with one of the reported-binding pockets in USP7 for its inhibitors. Furthermore, cellular assays were conducted to confirm that Vismodegib could interact with the evolutionarily related deubiquitinases USP28 and USP25 and downregulate the levels of the two enzymes' substrate proteins c-Myc, Notch1, and Tankyrase-1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiluan Ding
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Muya Xiong
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengying Zhu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haixia Su
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Gu
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yechun Xu
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Shi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Naixia Zhang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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92
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Panyain N, Godinat A, Lanyon-Hogg T, Lachiondo-Ortega S, Will EJ, Soudy C, Mondal M, Mason K, Elkhalifa S, Smith LM, Harrigan JA, Tate EW. Discovery of a Potent and Selective Covalent Inhibitor and Activity-Based Probe for the Deubiquitylating Enzyme UCHL1, with Antifibrotic Activity. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12020-12026. [PMID: 32579346 PMCID: PMC7366380 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) is a deubiquitylating enzyme that is proposed as a potential therapeutic target in neurodegeneration, cancer, and liver and lung fibrosis. Herein we report the discovery of the most potent and selective UCHL1 probe (IMP-1710) to date based on a covalent inhibitor scaffold and apply this probe to identify and quantify target proteins in intact human cells. IMP-1710 stereoselectively labels the catalytic cysteine of UCHL1 at low nanomolar concentration in cells. We further demonstrate that potent and selective UCHL1 inhibitors block pro-fibrotic responses in a cellular model of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, supporting the potential of UCHL1 as a potential therapeutic target in fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattawadee Panyain
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Aurélien Godinat
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Thomas Lanyon-Hogg
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Sofía Lachiondo-Ortega
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Edward J. Will
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | | | - Milon Mondal
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Katie Mason
- Mission
Therapeutics Ltd, Moneta, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, U.K.
| | - Sarah Elkhalifa
- Mission
Therapeutics Ltd, Moneta, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, U.K.
| | - Lisa M. Smith
- Mission
Therapeutics Ltd, Moneta, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, U.K.
| | - Jeanine A. Harrigan
- Mission
Therapeutics Ltd, Moneta, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, U.K.
| | - Edward W. Tate
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, U.K.
- The
Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, U.K.
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93
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Mao R, Tan X, Xiao Y, Wang X, Wei Z, Wang J, Wang X, Zhou H, Zhang L, Shi Y. Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 promotes expression of programmed cell death-ligand 1 in non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:3174-3183. [PMID: 32539182 PMCID: PMC7469845 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expressed on cancer cells can cause immune escape of non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Elucidation of the regulatory mechanisms of the PD‐L1 expression is a prerequisite for establishing new tumor immunotherapy strategies. Ubiquitin C‐terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) is a regulator of cellular signaling transduction that is aberrantly expressed in NSCLC. However, it is not known whether UCHL1 regulates the expression of PD‐L1 in NSCLC cells. In the present study, we found that UCHL1 promotes the expression of PD‐L1 in NSCLC cell lines. In addition, UCHL1 expressed in NSCLC cells inhibited activation of Jurkat cells through upregulation of PD‐L1 expression in in vitro experiments. Moreover, UCHL1 upregulates PD‐L1 expression through facilitating activation of the AKT‐P65 signaling pathway. In conclusion, these results indicated that UCHL1 promoted PD‐L1 expression in NSCLC cells. This finding implied that inhibition of UCHL1 might suppress immune escape of NSCLC through downregulation of PD‐L1 expression in NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudi Mao
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- Department of Pathology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Molecular Medicine Experimental Teaching Platform, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhixing Wei
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianing Wang
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huaiyu Zhou
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lining Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yongyu Shi
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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94
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Bashore C, Jaishankar P, Skelton NJ, Fuhrmann J, Hearn BR, Liu PS, Renslo AR, Dueber EC. Cyanopyrrolidine Inhibitors of Ubiquitin Specific Protease 7 Mediate Desulfhydration of the Active-Site Cysteine. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:1392-1400. [PMID: 32302100 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin specific protease 7 (USP7) regulates the protein stability of key cellular regulators in pathways ranging from apoptosis to neuronal development, making it a promising therapeutic target. Here we used an engineered, activated variant of the USP7 catalytic domain to perform structure-activity studies of electrophilic peptidomimetic inhibitors. Employing this USP7 variant, we found that inhibitors with a cyanopyrrolidine warhead unexpectedly promoted a β-elimination reaction of the initial covalent adducts, thereby converting the active-site cysteine residue to dehydroalanine. We determined that this phenomenon is specific for the USP7 catalytic cysteine and that structural features of the inhibitor and protein microenvironment impact elimination rates. Using comprehensive docking studies, we propose that the characteristic conformational dynamics of USP7 allow access to conformations that promote the ligand-induced elimination. Unlike in conventional reversible-covalent inhibition, the compounds described here irreversibly destroy a catalytic residue while simultaneously converting the inhibitor to a nonelectrophilic byproduct. Accordingly, this unexpected finding expands the scope of covalent inhibitor modalities and offers intriguing insights into enzyme-inhibitor dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Priyadarshini Jaishankar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Small Molecule Discovery Center University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | | | | | - Brian R. Hearn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Small Molecule Discovery Center University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | | | - Adam R. Renslo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Small Molecule Discovery Center University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
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95
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Antao AM, Tyagi A, Kim KS, Ramakrishna S. Advances in Deubiquitinating Enzyme Inhibition and Applications in Cancer Therapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1579. [PMID: 32549302 PMCID: PMC7352412 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), the roles of ubiquitinating and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) have been widely elucidated. The ubiquitination of proteins regulates many aspects of cellular functions such as protein degradation and localization, and also modifies protein-protein interactions. DUBs cleave the attached ubiquitin moieties from substrates and thereby reverse the process of ubiquitination. The dysregulation of these two paramount pathways has been implicated in numerous diseases, including cancer. Attempts are being made to identify inhibitors of ubiquitin E3 ligases and DUBs that potentially have clinical implications in cancer, making them an important target in the pharmaceutical industry. Therefore, studies in medicine are currently focused on the pharmacological disruption of DUB activity as a rationale to specifically target cancer-causing protein aberrations. Here, we briefly discuss the pathophysiological and physiological roles of DUBs in key cancer-related pathways. We also discuss the clinical applications of promising DUB inhibitors that may contribute to the development of DUBs as key therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainsley Mike Antao
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (A.M.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Apoorvi Tyagi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (A.M.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Kye-Seong Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (A.M.A.); (A.T.)
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (A.M.A.); (A.T.)
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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96
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Regulation of Deubiquitinating Enzymes by Post-Translational Modifications. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114028. [PMID: 32512887 PMCID: PMC7312083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination and deubiquitination play a critical role in all aspects of cellular processes, and the enzymes involved are tightly regulated by multiple factors including posttranslational modifications like most other proteins. Dysfunction or misregulation of these enzymes could have dramatic physiological consequences, sometimes leading to diseases. Therefore, it is important to have a clear understanding of these regulatory processes. Here, we have reviewed the posttranslational modifications of deubiquitinating enzymes and their consequences on the catalytic activity, stability, abundance, localization, and interaction with the partner proteins.
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97
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Ma F, Wang H, Liu K, Wang Z, Chen S. CSN6 inhibition suppresses pancreatic adenocarcinoma metastasis via destabilizing the c-Fos protein. Exp Cell Res 2020; 391:112004. [PMID: 32289284 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Deubiquitinase (DUB) can reverse the ubiquitin signal, and participate in virtually all aspects of cancer progression. Thus, DUB represents an attractive target for development of anticancer drugs. However, little is known about DUB which can be used as drug targets. Here, we found that the constitutive photomorphogenic 9 (COP9) signalosome complex subunit 6 (COPS6/CSN6), a DUB belongs to JAMM/MPN domain-associated metallopeptidases(JAMMs) class, was highly expressed in pancreatic adenocarcinoma(PAAD) tissues. High expression of CSN6 was associated with tumor TNM stage and metastasis in PAAD patients. Moreover, we demonstrated that CSN6 promoted invasion and metastasis through regulating forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1) in PAAD cells. Re-expression of FOXA1 rescued the decreased invasion and metastasis caused by CSN6 knockdown, whereas inhibition of FOXA1 alleviated the pro-metastasis effect induced by CSN6 overexpression. Further, CSN6 regulated the expression of FOXA1 via c-Fos in PAAD cells. Mechanistically, CSN6 stabilized c-Fos protein by binding to it and decreasing its ubiquitination. Our work identified CSN6 as a targeting-permissible deubiquitinase, and CSN6 inhibition maybe a potential treatment strategy for PAAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangqi Ma
- Department of Oncology, Shanxian Central Hospital, Heze, Shandong, 274300, PR China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanxian Central Hospital, Heze, Shandong, 274300, PR China
| | - Kefen Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shanxian Central Hospital, Heze, Shandong, 274300, PR China
| | - Zhongqiang Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanxian Haijiya Hospital, Heze, Shandong, 274300, PR China
| | - Shijun Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shanxian Haijiya Hospital, Heze, Shandong, 274300, PR China.
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98
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Rut W, Zmudzinski M, Snipas SJ, Bekes M, Huang TT, Drag M. Engineered unnatural ubiquitin for optimal detection of deubiquitinating enzymes. Chem Sci 2020; 11:6058-6069. [PMID: 32953009 PMCID: PMC7477763 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01347a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we present a workflow for design and synthesis of novel selective Ub-based tools for DUBs. Selectivity is achieved by incorporation of unnatural amino acids into the Ub C-terminal epitope.
Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are responsible for removing ubiquitin (Ub) from its protein conjugates. DUBs have been implicated as attractive therapeutic targets in the treatment of viral diseases, neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. The lack of selective chemical tools for the exploration of these enzymes significantly impairs the determination of their roles in both normal and pathological states. Commercially available fluorogenic substrates are based on the C-terminal Ub motif or contain Ub coupled to a fluorophore (Z-LRGG-AMC, Ub-AMC); therefore, these substrates suffer from lack of selectivity. By using a hybrid combinatorial substrate library (HyCoSuL) and a defined P2 library containing a wide variety of nonproteinogenic amino acids, we established a full substrate specificity profile for two DUBs—MERS PLpro and human UCH-L3. Based on these results, we designed and synthesized Ub-based substrates and activity-based probes (ABPs) containing selected unnatural amino acids located in the C-terminal Ub motif. Biochemical analysis and cell lysate experiments confirmed the activity and selectivity of engineered Ub-based substrates and probes. Using this approach, we propose that for any protease that recognizes Ub and Ub-like substrates, a highly active and selective unnatural substrate or probe can be engineered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioletta Rut
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging , Wroclaw University of Science and Technology , Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27 , 50-370 Wroclaw , Poland . ;
| | - Mikolaj Zmudzinski
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging , Wroclaw University of Science and Technology , Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27 , 50-370 Wroclaw , Poland . ;
| | - Scott J Snipas
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute , 10901 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , CA 92037 , USA
| | - Miklos Bekes
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology , New York University School of Medicine , New York , NY 10016 , USA
| | - Tony T Huang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology , New York University School of Medicine , New York , NY 10016 , USA
| | - Marcin Drag
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging , Wroclaw University of Science and Technology , Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27 , 50-370 Wroclaw , Poland . ; .,Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute , 10901 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , CA 92037 , USA
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99
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Inhibition of ubiquitin-specific protease 7 sensitizes acute myeloid leukemia to chemotherapy. Leukemia 2020; 35:417-432. [PMID: 32447346 PMCID: PMC7245510 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0878-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Resistance of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) to therapeutic agents is frequent. Consequently, the mechanisms leading to this resistance must be understood and addressed. In this paper, we demonstrate that inhibition of deubiquitinylase USP7 significantly reduces cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, blocks DNA replication progression and increases cell death in AML. Transcriptomic dataset analyses reveal that a USP7 gene signature is highly enriched in cells from AML patients at relapse, as well as in residual blasts from patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models treated with clinically relevant doses of cytarabine, which indicates a relationship between USP7 expression and resistance to therapy. Accordingly, single-cell analysis of AML patient samples at relapse versus at diagnosis showed that a gene signature of the pre-existing subpopulation responsible for relapse is enriched in transcriptomes of patients with a high USP7 level. Furthermore, we found that USP7 interacts and modulates CHK1 protein levels and functions in AML. Finally, we demonstrated that USP7 inhibition acts in synergy with cytarabine to kill AML cell lines and primary cells of patients with high USP7 levels. Altogether, these data demonstrate that USP7 is both a marker of resistance to chemotherapy and a potential therapeutic target in overcoming resistance to treatment.
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100
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Wu HQ, Baker D, Ovaa H. Small molecules that target the ubiquitin system. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:479-497. [PMID: 32196552 PMCID: PMC7200645 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic life depends upon the interplay between vast networks of signaling pathways composed of upwards of 109-1010 proteins per cell. The integrity and normal operation of the cell requires that these proteins act in a precise spatial and temporal manner. The ubiquitin system is absolutely central to this process and perturbation of its function contributes directly to the onset and progression of a wide variety of diseases, including cancer, metabolic syndromes, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmunity, inflammatory disorders, infectious diseases, and muscle dystrophies. Whilst the individual components and the overall architecture of the ubiquitin system have been delineated in some detail, how ubiquitination might be successfully targeted, or harnessed, to develop novel therapeutic approaches to the treatment of disease, currently remains relatively poorly understood. In this review, we will provide an overview of the current status of selected small molecule ubiquitin system inhibitors. We will further discuss the unique challenges of targeting this ubiquitous and highly complex machinery, and explore and highlight potential ways in which these challenges might be met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Qiu Wu
- Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - David Baker
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Huib Ovaa
- Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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