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van Hunsel F, van de Koppel S, van Puijenbroek E. Post-Menopausal Vaginal Hemorrhage Related to the Use of a Hop-Containing Phytotherapeutic Product. DRUG SAFETY - CASE REPORTS 2016; 2:14. [PMID: 27747726 PMCID: PMC5005623 DOI: 10.1007/s40800-015-0016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two 54-year-old women developed abdominal cramps and vaginal hemorrhage as a result of endometrial hyperplasia during treatment with a hop-containing phytotherapeutic product (MenoCool®) for post-menopausal complaints. The women used the hop-containing phytotherapeutic product (418 mg of hop per tablet) twice daily (1 and 0.5 tablets by both patient A and B). Patient A developed abdominal cramps and vaginal hemorrhage after 2 months of use. After gynecological examination, she was diagnosed with endometrial hyperplasia. The patient was treated with a curettage. The hop-containing phytotherapeutic product was discontinued, and the patient recovered. Patient B developed abdominal pain/cramps and vaginal hemorrhage after 5 months of use. A cervix smear, internal examination, and ultrasound were performed. Due to the thickness of the endometrium, a pipelle endometrial biopsy was performed. Results showed no indication for cervix cancer. The use of MenoCool® was ceased; follow-up information received from the patient shortly thereafter indicated that she had almost entirely recovered from the abdominal pain/cramps and vaginal hemorrhage. Hop (Humulus lupulus) has phytoestrogenic properties that may be the cause of endometrial hyperplasia and subsequent vaginal hemorrhage. A Naranjo assessment score of 5 was obtained for both cases, indicating a probable relationship between the patient's endometrial proliferation and subsequent vaginal hemorrhage and their use of the suspect drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence van Hunsel
- Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, Goudsbloemvallei 7, 5237 MH, 's Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
| | - Sonja van de Koppel
- Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, Goudsbloemvallei 7, 5237 MH, 's Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Eugène van Puijenbroek
- Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, Goudsbloemvallei 7, 5237 MH, 's Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Care, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Dietz BM, Hajirahimkhan A, Dunlap TL, Bolton JL. Botanicals and Their Bioactive Phytochemicals for Women's Health. Pharmacol Rev 2016; 68:1026-1073. [PMID: 27677719 PMCID: PMC5050441 DOI: 10.1124/pr.115.010843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Botanical dietary supplements are increasingly popular for women's health, particularly for older women. The specific botanicals women take vary as a function of age. Younger women will use botanicals for urinary tract infections, especially Vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry), where there is evidence for efficacy. Botanical dietary supplements for premenstrual syndrome (PMS) are less commonly used, and rigorous clinical trials have not been done. Some examples include Vitex agnus-castus (chasteberry), Angelica sinensis (dong quai), Viburnum opulus/prunifolium (cramp bark and black haw), and Zingiber officinale (ginger). Pregnant women have also used ginger for relief from nausea. Natural galactagogues for lactating women include Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) and Silybum marianum (milk thistle); however, rigorous safety and efficacy studies are lacking. Older women suffering menopausal symptoms are increasingly likely to use botanicals, especially since the Women's Health Initiative showed an increased risk for breast cancer associated with traditional hormone therapy. Serotonergic mechanisms similar to antidepressants have been proposed for Actaea/Cimicifuga racemosa (black cohosh) and Valeriana officinalis (valerian). Plant extracts with estrogenic activities for menopausal symptom relief include Glycine max (soy), Trifolium pratense (red clover), Pueraria lobata (kudzu), Humulus lupulus (hops), Glycyrrhiza species (licorice), Rheum rhaponticum (rhubarb), Vitex agnus-castus (chasteberry), Linum usitatissimum (flaxseed), Epimedium species (herba Epimedii, horny goat weed), and Medicago sativa (alfalfa). Some of the estrogenic botanicals have also been shown to have protective effects against osteoporosis. Several of these botanicals could have additional breast cancer preventive effects linked to hormonal, chemical, inflammatory, and/or epigenetic pathways. Finally, although botanicals are perceived as natural safe remedies, it is important for women and their healthcare providers to realize that they have not been rigorously tested for potential toxic effects and/or drug/botanical interactions. Understanding the mechanism of action of these supplements used for women's health will ultimately lead to standardized botanical products with higher efficacy, safety, and chemopreventive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit M Dietz
- University of Illinois at Chicago/National Institutes of Health Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Atieh Hajirahimkhan
- University of Illinois at Chicago/National Institutes of Health Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tareisha L Dunlap
- University of Illinois at Chicago/National Institutes of Health Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Judy L Bolton
- University of Illinois at Chicago/National Institutes of Health Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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53
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Oh SM, Kim HR, Park YJ, Lee YH, Chung KH. Ethanolic extract of dandelion (Taraxacum mongolicum) induces estrogenic activity in MCF-7 cells and immature rats. Chin J Nat Med 2016; 13:808-814. [PMID: 26614455 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(15)30084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Plants of the genus Taraxacum, commonly known as dandelions, are used to treat breast cancer in traditional folk medicine. However, their use has mainly been based on empirical findings without sufficient scientific evidence. Therefore, we hypothesized that dandelions would behave as a Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) and be effective as hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in the postmenopausal women. In the present study, in vitro assay systems, including cell proliferation assay, reporter gene assay, and RT-PCR to evaluate the mRNA expression of estrogen-related genes (pS2 and progesterone receptor, PR), were performed in human breast cancer cells. Dandelion ethanol extract (DEE) significantly increased cell proliferation and estrogen response element (ERE)-driven luciferase activity. DEE significantly induced the expression of estrogen related genes such as pS2 and PR, which was inhibited by tamoxifen at 1 μmol·L(-1). These results indicated that DEE could induce estrogenic activities mediated by a classical estrogen receptor pathway. In addition, immature rat uterotrophic assay was carried out to identify estrogenic activity of DEE in vivo. The lowest concentration of DEE slightly increased the uterine wet weight, but there was no significant effect with the highest concentration of DEE. The results demonstrate the potential estrogenic activities of DEE, providing scientific evidence supporting their use in traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Min Oh
- Fusion Technology Laboratory, Hoseo University, Hoseoro79 bungil20, Baebang, Asan, Chungcheong Nam-do, 336-795, Korea
| | - Ha Ryong Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Korea
| | - Yong Joo Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Korea
| | - Yong Hwa Lee
- Fusion Technology Laboratory, Hoseo University, Hoseoro79 bungil20, Baebang, Asan, Chungcheong Nam-do, 336-795, Korea
| | - Kyu Hyuck Chung
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Korea.
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Guarrera PM, Savo V. Wild food plants used in traditional vegetable mixtures in Italy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 185:202-34. [PMID: 26944238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mixtures of wild food plants, part of the Mediterranean diet, have potential benefits for their content in bioactive compounds, minerals and fibers. In Italy, wild plants are still consumed in various ways, for their taste, effects on health and nutritional value. In this paper, we provide a list of wild plants used in vegetable mixtures, indicating their phytochemical and nutritional profile, highlighting those not yet studied. AIM OF THE STUDY We provide a first complete review of traditional uses of wild food plants used as vegetables and their preparations (e.g., salads, soups, rustic pies). We also highlight their phytochemical constituents. MATERIALS AND METHODS We carried out an extensive literature review of ethnobotanical publications from 1894 to date for finding plants used in traditional vegetable mixtures. We also performed an online search for scientific papers providing the phytochemical profile of plants that were cited at least twice in recipes found in the literature. RESULTS We list a total of 276 wild taxa used in traditional vegetable mixtures, belonging to 40 families. Among these, the most represented are Asteraceae (88), Brassicaceae (33), Apiaceae (21), Amaranthaceae (12). Many plants are cited in many recipes across several Italian regions. Among the most cited plant we note: Reichardia picroides (L.) Roth, Sanguisorba minor Scop., Taraxacum campylodes G. E. Haglund, Urtica dioica L. Tuscany is the region with the highest number of food recipes that incorporate wild plants used as vegetables. We also list the phytochemical constituents and some pharmacological activities of the plants cited at least twice. Finally, we discuss topics such as the taste of plants used in the recipes. CONCLUSIONS Nineteen edible wild plants, such as Asparagus albus L., Campanula trachelium L., Hypochaeris laevigata (L.) Benth. & Hook f., Phyteuma spicatum L., Scolymus grandiflorus Desf., are not yet studied as regards their phytochemical and nutritional profile. Some plants should be avoided due to the presence of toxic compounds such as Adenostyles alliariae (Gouan) A. Kern or Ranunculus repens L.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Guarrera
- Istituto Centrale per la Demoetnoantropologia, MIBACt, Piazza Marconi, 8-10, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - V Savo
- Hakai Institute, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A1S6
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Aghamiri V, Mirghafourvand M, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi S, Nazemiyeh H. The effect of Hop ( Humulus lupulus L. ) on early menopausal symptoms and hot flashes: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2016; 23:130-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Forino M, Pace S, Chianese G, Santagostini L, Werner M, Weinigel C, Rummler S, Fico G, Werz O, Taglialatela-Scafati O. Humudifucol and Bioactive Prenylated Polyphenols from Hops (Humulus lupulus cv. "Cascade"). JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:590-597. [PMID: 26918635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Humulus lupulus (hop plant) has long been used in traditional medicine as a sedative and antimicrobial agent. More recently, attention has been devoted to the phytoestrogenic activity of the plant extracts as well as to the anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive properties of the prenylated chalcones present. In this study, an Italian sample of H. lupulus cv. "Cascade" has been investigated and three new compounds [4-hydroxycolupulone (6), humudifucol (7) and cascadone (8)] have been purified and identified by means of NMR spectroscopy along with four known metabolites. Notably, humudifucol (7) is the first prenylated dimeric phlorotannin discovered in nature. Because structurally related phloroglucinols from natural sources were found previously to inhibit microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase (mPGES)-1 and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), the isolated compounds were evaluated for their bioactivity against these pro-inflammatory target proteins. The prenylated chalcone xanthohumol inhibited both enzymes at low μM concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martino Forino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II , Via Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Jena , Philosophenweg 14, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Giuseppina Chianese
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II , Via Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Santagostini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan , Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Markus Werner
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Jena , Philosophenweg 14, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christina Weinigel
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Jena , D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Silke Rummler
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Jena , D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Gelsomina Fico
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan , Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Botanical Garden"G.E. Ghirardi" , Via Religione 25, 25088 Toscolano Maderno (BS), Italy
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Jena , Philosophenweg 14, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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Kaškonas P, Stanius Ž, Kaškonienė V, Obelevičius K, Ragažinskienė O, Žilinskas A, Maruška A. Clustering analysis of different hop varieties according to their essential oil composition measured by GC/MS. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/chempap-2016-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis study describes the analysis of total hops essential oils from 18 cultivated varieties of hops, five of which were bred in Lithuania, and 7 wild hop forms using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The study sought to organise the samples of hops into clusters, according to 72 semi-volatile compounds, by applying a well-known method,
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59
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Lempereur M, Majewska C, Brunquers A, Wongpramud S, Valet B, Janssens P, Dillemans M, Van Nedervelde L, Gallo D. Tetrahydro-iso-alpha Acids Antagonize Estrogen Receptor Alpha Activity in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Endocrinol 2016; 2016:9747863. [PMID: 27190515 PMCID: PMC4844874 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9747863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrahydro-iso-alpha acids commonly called THIAA or Tetra are modified hop acids extracted from hop (Humulus lupulus L.) which are frequently used in brewing industry mainly in order to provide beer bitterness and foam stability. Interestingly, molecular structure of tetrahydro-iso-alpha acids is close to a new type of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) antagonists aimed at disrupting the binding of coactivators containing an LxxLL motif (NR-box). In this work we show that THIAA decreases estradiol-stimulated proliferation of MCF-7 (ERα-positive breast cancer cells). Besides, we show that it inhibits ERα transcriptional activity. Interestingly, this extract fails to compete with estradiol for ERα binding and does not significantly impact the receptor turnover rate in MCF-7 cells, suggesting that it does not act like classical antiestrogens. Hence, we demonstrate that THIAA is able to antagonize ERα estradiol-induced recruitment of the LxxLL binding motif.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire Majewska
- Institut Meurice, 1 avenue Emile Gryzon, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Bénédicte Valet
- Institut Meurice, 1 avenue Emile Gryzon, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Janssens
- Yakima Chief-Hopunion LLC, 10 avenue A. Fleming, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Monique Dillemans
- Institut Meurice, 1 avenue Emile Gryzon, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Commission Communautaire Française (Cocof), Service des Industries Biochimiques, Belgium
| | - Laurence Van Nedervelde
- Institut Meurice, 1 avenue Emile Gryzon, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Commission Communautaire Française (Cocof), Service des Industries Biochimiques, Belgium
| | - Dominique Gallo
- Institut Meurice, 1 avenue Emile Gryzon, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Commission Communautaire Française (Cocof), Département des Substances Naturelles et de Biochimie, Belgium
- *Dominique Gallo:
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60
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Dresel M, Vogt C, Dunkel A, Hofmann T. The Bitter Chemodiversity of Hops (Humulus lupulus L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:7789-7799. [PMID: 27696843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
To map the chemodiversity of key bitter compounds in hops, a total of 75 different samples collected from the global hop market were analyzed for 117 key bitter tastants by means of a multiparametric HPLC-MS/MSMRM method. Among the compounds detected, 2'',3''-epoxyxanthohumol was detected for the first time in hops and iso¬xantho¬humol M was identified as a marker compound for varieties grown in Germany. Hop ageing experiments in the absence and presence of air oxygen, respectively, were conducted to address the stability of hop-derived compounds during long-term storage.
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61
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Cömert Önder F, Ay M, Aydoğan Türkoğlu S, Tura Köçkar F, Çelik A. Antiproliferative activity ofHumulus lupulusextracts on human hepatoma (Hep3B), colon (HT-29) cancer cells and proteases, tyrosinase,β-lactamase enzyme inhibition studies. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015; 31:90-8. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1004060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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62
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Jackowski J, Hurej M, Rój E, Popłoński J, Kośny L, Huszcza E. Antifeedant activity of xanthohumol and supercritical carbon dioxide extract of spent hops against stored product pests. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2015; 105:456-461. [PMID: 25851834 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485315000255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Xanthohumol, a prenylated flavonoid from hops, and a supercritical carbon dioxide extract of spent hops were studied for their antifeedant activity against stored product insect pests: Sitophilus granarius L., Tribolium confusum Duv. and Trogoderma granarium Everts. Xanthohumol exhibited medium deterrent activity against the adults of S. granarius L. and larvae of T. confusum Duv. The spent hops extract was more active than xanthohumol towards the adults of T. confusum Duv. The potential application of the crude spent hops extract as a feeding deterrent against the stored product pests is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jackowski
- Department of Plant Protection,Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences,pl. Grunwaldzki 24a,50-363 Wrocław,Poland
| | - M Hurej
- Department of Plant Protection,Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences,pl. Grunwaldzki 24a,50-363 Wrocław,Poland
| | - E Rój
- Supercritical Extraction Department,New Chemical Syntheses Institute,al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 13a,24-110 Puławy,Poland
| | - J Popłoński
- Department of Chemistry,Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences,ul. Norwida 25,50-375 Wrocław,Poland
| | - L Kośny
- Department of Plant Protection,Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences,pl. Grunwaldzki 24a,50-363 Wrocław,Poland
| | - E Huszcza
- Department of Chemistry,Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences,ul. Norwida 25,50-375 Wrocław,Poland
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63
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Friesen JB, McAlpine JB, Chen SN, Pauli GF. Countercurrent Separation of Natural Products: An Update. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:1765-96. [PMID: 26177360 PMCID: PMC4517501 DOI: 10.1021/np501065h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This work assesses the current instrumentation, method development, and applications in countercurrent chromatography (CCC) and centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC), collectively referred to as countercurrent separation (CCS). The article provides a critical review of the CCS literature from 2007 since our last review (J. Nat. Prod. 2008, 71, 1489-1508), with a special emphasis on the applications of CCS in natural products research. The current state of CCS is reviewed in regard to three continuing topics (instrumentation, solvent system development, theory) and three new topics (optimization of parameters, workflow, bioactivity applications). The goals of this review are to deliver the necessary background with references for an up-to-date perspective of CCS, to point out its potential for the natural product scientist, and thereby to induce new applications in natural product chemistry, metabolome, and drug discovery research involving organisms from terrestrial and marine sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Brent Friesen
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and Institute for Tuberculosis Research,
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois
at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
- Physical
Sciences Department, Rosary College of Arts and Sciences, Dominican University, River Forest, Illinois 60305, United States
| | - James B. McAlpine
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and Institute for Tuberculosis Research,
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois
at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and Institute for Tuberculosis Research,
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois
at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
| | - Guido F. Pauli
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and Institute for Tuberculosis Research,
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois
at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
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Yang X, Jiang Y, Yang J, He J, Sun J, Chen F, Zhang M, Yang B. Prenylated flavonoids, promising nutraceuticals with impressive biological activities. Trends Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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65
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Dresel M, Dunkel A, Hofmann T. Sensomics analysis of key bitter compounds in the hard resin of hops (Humulus lupulus L.) and their contribution to the bitter profile of Pilsner-type beer. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:3402-3418. [PMID: 25793563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent brewing trials indicated the occurrence of valuable bitter compounds in the hard resin fraction of hop. Aiming at the discovery of these compounds, hop's ε-resin was separated by means of a sensory guided fractionation approach and the key taste molecules were identified by means of UV/vis, LC-TOF-MS, and 1D/2D-NMR studies as well as synthetic experiments. Besides a series of literature known xanthohumol derivatives, multifidol glucosides, flavon-3-on glycosides, and p-coumaric acid esters, a total of 11 bitter tastants are reported for the first time, namely, 1",2"-dihydroxanthohumol F, 4'-hydroxytunicatachalcone, isoxantholupon, 1-methoxy-4-prenylphloroglucinol, dihydrocyclohumulohydrochinone, xanthohumols M, N, and P, and isoxanthohumols M, N, and P, respectively. Human sensory analysis revealed low bitter recognition threshold concentrations ranging from 5 (co-multifidol glucopyranoside) to 198 μmol/L (trans-p-coumaric acid ethyl ester) depending on their chemical structure. For the first time, LC-MS/MS quantitation of these taste compounds in Pilsner-type beer, followed by taste re-engineering experiments, revealed the additive contribution of iso-α-acids and the identified hard resin components to be truly necessary and sufficient for constructing the authentic bitter percept of beer. Finally, brewing trails using the ε-resin as the only hop source impressively demonstrated the possibility to produce beverages strongly enriched with prenylated hop flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dresel
- †Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular and Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, D-84354 Freising, Germany
| | - Andreas Dunkel
- †Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular and Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, D-84354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- †Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular and Sensory Science, Technische Universität München, Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, D-84354 Freising, Germany
- ‡Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
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66
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Biotransformations and biological activities of hop flavonoids. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:1063-90. [PMID: 25708386 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Female hop cones are used extensively in the brewing industry, but there is now increasing interest in possible uses of hops for non-brewing purposes, especially in the pharmaceutical industry. Among pharmaceutically important compounds from hops are flavonoids, having proven anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and estrogenic effects. In this review we aim to present current knowledge on the biotransformation of flavonoids from hop cones with respect to products, catalysis and conversion. A list of microbial enzymatic reactions associated with gastrointestinal microbiota is presented. A comparative analysis of the biological activities of hop flavonoids and their biotransformation products is described, indicating where further research has potential for applications in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Isoxanthohumol, a constituent of hop (Humulus lupulus L.), increases stress resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans dependent on the transcription factor DAF-16. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:257-65. [PMID: 25644181 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0843-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The flavanone isoxanthohumol (IX) has gained attention as antioxidative and chemopreventive agent, but the molecular mechanism of action remains unclear. We investigated effects of this secondary plant compound in vivo using the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. METHODS Adult C. elegans nematodes were incubated with IX, and then, the stress resistance was analysed in the SYTOX assay; lifespan was monitored by touch-provoked movement method, the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured in the DCF assay, and the nuclear localisation of the transcription factor DAF-16 was analysed by using a transgenic strain. By the use of a DAF-16 loss-of-function strain, we analysed whether the effects are dependent on DAF-16. RESULTS IX increases the resistance of the nematode against thermal stress. Additionally, a reduction in ROS in vivo was caused by IX. Since the flavanone only has a marginal radical-scavenging capacity (TEAC assay), we suggest that IX mediates its antioxidative effects indirectly via activation of DAF-16 (homologue to mammalian FOXO proteins). The nuclear translocation of this transcription factor is increased by IX. In the DAF-16-mutated strain, the IX-mediated increase in stress resistance was completely abolished; furthermore, an increased formation of ROS and a reduced lifespan was mediated by IX. CONCLUSION IX or a bacterial metabolite of IX causes antioxidative effects as well as an increased stress resistance in C. elegans via activation of DAF-16. The homologous pathway may have implications in the molecular mechanism of IX in mammals.
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Ramos Alvarenga R, Friesen JB, Nikolić D, Simmler C, Napolitano JG, van Breemen R, Lankin D, McAlpine JB, Pauli GF, Chen SN. K-targeted metabolomic analysis extends chemical subtraction to DESIGNER extracts: selective depletion of extracts of hops (Humulus lupulus). JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:2595-604. [PMID: 25437744 PMCID: PMC4280114 DOI: 10.1021/np500376g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study introduces a flexible and compound targeted approach to Deplete and Enrich Select Ingredients to Generate Normalized Extract Resources, generating DESIGNER extracts, by means of chemical subtraction or augmentation of metabolites. Targeting metabolites based on their liquid-liquid partition coefficients (K values), K targeting uses countercurrent separation methodology to remove single or multiple compounds from a chemically complex mixture, according to the following equation: DESIGNER extract = total extract ± target compound(s). Expanding the scope of the recently reported depletion of extracts by immunoaffinity or solid phase liquid chromatography, the present approach allows a more flexible, single- or multi-targeted removal of constituents from complex extracts such as botanicals. Chemical subtraction enables both chemical and biological characterization, including detection of synergism/antagonism by both the subtracted targets and the remaining metabolite mixture, as well as definition of the residual complexity of all fractions. The feasibility of the DESIGNER concept is shown by K-targeted subtraction of four bioactive prenylated phenols, isoxanthohumol (1), 8-prenylnaringenin (2), 6-prenylnaringenin (3), and xanthohumol (4), from a standardized hops (Humulus lupulus L.) extract using specific solvent systems. Conversely, adding K-targeted isolates allows enrichment of the original extract and hence provides an augmented DESIGNER material. Multiple countercurrent separation steps were used to purify each of the four compounds, and four DESIGNER extracts with varying depletions were prepared. The DESIGNER approach innovates the characterization of chemically complex extracts through integration of enabling technologies such as countercurrent separation, K-by-bioactivity, the residual complexity concepts, as well as quantitative analysis by (1)H NMR, LC-MS, and HiFSA-based NMR fingerprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- René
F. Ramos Alvarenga
- UIC/NIH
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal
Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - J. Brent Friesen
- Department
of Physical Sciences, Rosary College of Art and Sciences, Dominican University, River Forest, Illinois 60305, United States
| | - Dejan Nikolić
- UIC/NIH
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal
Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Charlotte Simmler
- UIC/NIH
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal
Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - José G. Napolitano
- UIC/NIH
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal
Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Richard van Breemen
- UIC/NIH
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal
Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - David
C. Lankin
- UIC/NIH
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal
Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - James B. McAlpine
- UIC/NIH
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal
Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Guido F. Pauli
- UIC/NIH
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal
Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
- G.F.P.:
E-mail: ; Phone: (312) 355-1949; Fax: (312) 355-2693
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- UIC/NIH
Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal
Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
- S.-N.C.: E-mail: ; Phone: (312) 996-7253; Fax: (312) 355-2693
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van Breemen RB, Yuan Y, Banuvar S, Shulman LP, Qiu X, Alvarenga RFR, Chen SN, Dietz BM, Bolton JL, Pauli GF, Krause E, Viana M, Nikolic D. Pharmacokinetics of prenylated hop phenols in women following oral administration of a standardized extract of hops. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:1962-9. [PMID: 25045111 PMCID: PMC4265473 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Women seeking alternatives to hormone-replacement therapy for menopausal symptoms often try botanical dietary supplements containing extracts of hops (Humulus lupulus L.). Hops contain 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN), a potent phytoestrogen, the related flavanones 6-prenylnaringenin and isoxanthohumol (IX), and the prenylated chalcone xanthohumol (XN). METHODS AND RESULTS After chemically and biologically standardizing an extract of spent hops to these marker compounds, an escalating dose study was carried out in menopausal women to evaluate safety and pharmacokinetics. 8-PN, 6-prenylnaringenin, IX, and XN, sex hormones, and prothrombin time were determined in blood samples and/or 24 h urine samples. There was no effect on sex hormones or blood clotting. The maximum serum concentrations of the prenylated phenols were dose-dependent and were reached from 2 to 7 h, indicating slow absorption. The marker compounds formed glucuronides that were found in serum and urine. Secondary peaks at 5 h in the serum concentration-time curves indicated enterohepatic recirculation. The serum concentration-time curves indicated demethylation of IX to form 8-PN and cyclization of XN to IX. Slow absorption and enterohepatic recirculation contributed to half-lives exceeding 20 h. CONCLUSION This human study indicated long half-lives of the estrogenic and proestrogenic prenylated phenols in hops but no acute toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B. van Breemen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Yang Yuan
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612
| | | | | | - Xi Qiu
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - René F. Ramos Alvarenga
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Birgit M. Dietz
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Judy L. Bolton
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Guido F. Pauli
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Elizabeth Krause
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612
| | | | - Dejan Nikolic
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612
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Humulus lupulus- a story that begs to be told. A review. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jib.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Development of a new high-performance liquid chromatography method with diode array and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry detection for the metabolite fingerprinting of bioactive compounds in Humulus lupulus L. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1349:50-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.04.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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72
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Cheng D, Zhang Y, Xin X, Gao D. Comparative pharmacognosy of Pyrrosia petiolosa and Pyrrosia davidii. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2014.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Luo D, Kang L, Ma Y, Chen H, Kuang H, Huang Q, He M, Peng W. Effects and mechanisms of 8-prenylnaringenin on osteoblast MC3T3-E1 and osteoclast-like cells RAW264.7. Food Sci Nutr 2014; 2:341-50. [PMID: 25473491 PMCID: PMC4221832 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
8-Prenylnaringenin (8-PN) is a phytoestrogen with the highest estrogenic activity. The objective of the present study was to confirm the superiority of 8-PN on bone metabolisms and the estrogen receptor (ER) subtype mediating effects of 8-PN. The osteoblast MC3T3-E1 and osteoclast-like cell line RAW264.7 were treated with 17β-estradiol (10−8 mol/L), genistein (10−5 mol/L), daidzein (10−5 mol/L), 8-PN (10−5 mol/L) alone or in the presence of ERα antagonist MPP (10−7 mol/L) and ERβ antagonist PTHPP (1.5 × 10−7 mol/L). It has been found that 8-PN did not affect osteoblast proliferation, and that 8-PN increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, osteocalcin (OCN) concentrations, and the mineralized nodules. 8-PN inhibited RAW264.7 differentiating into osteoclasts and reduced the pit area of bone resorption. 8-PN could also inhibit the protein and mRNA expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) in osteoblasts, and conversely promote the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG). These effects of 8-PN were mainly inhibited not by PTHPP but by MPP and they were weaker than estrogen's effects but stronger than those of genistein and daidzein. In conclusion, the effects of 8-PN on promoting osteoblastic bone formation and inhibiting osteoclastic bone resorption were mediated by ERα instead of ERβ and the efficacy was more potent than that of the two classic phytoestrogens: genistein and daidzein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Medical School, Nanchang University Bayi Road 461, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Lumei Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Medical School, Nanchang University Bayi Road 461, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yuhui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Medical School, Nanchang University Bayi Road 461, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hongping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Medical School, Nanchang University Bayi Road 461, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Haibin Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Medical School, Nanchang University Bayi Road 461, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qiren Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Medical School, Nanchang University Bayi Road 461, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ming He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Medical School, Nanchang University Bayi Road 461, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Weijie Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Medical School, Nanchang University Bayi Road 461, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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Rational approaches, design strategies, structure activity relationship and mechanistic insights for anticancer hybrids. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 77:422-87. [PMID: 24685980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A Hybrid drug which comprises the incorporation of two drug pharmacophores in one single molecule are basically designed to interact with multiple targets or to amplify its effect through action on another bio target as one single molecule or to counterbalance the known side effects associated with the other hybrid part(.) The present review article offers a detailed account of the design strategies employed for the synthesis of anticancer agents via molecular hybridization techniques. Over the years, the researchers have employed this technique to discover some promising chemical architectures displaying significant anticancer profiles. Molecular hybridization as a tool has been particularly utilized for targeting tubulin protein as exemplified through the number of research papers. The microtubule inhibitors such as taxol, colchicine, chalcones, combretasatin, phenstatins and vinca alkaloids have been utilized as one of the functionality of the hybrids and promising results have been obtained in most of the cases with some of the tubulin based hybrids exhibiting anticancer activity at nanomolar level. Linkage with steroids as biological carrier vector for anticancer drugs and the inclusion of pyrrolo [2,1-c] [1,4]benzodiazepines (PBDs), a family of DNA interactive antitumor antibiotics derived from Streptomyces species in hybrid structure based drug design has also emerged as a potential strategy. Various heteroaryl based hybrids in particular isatin and coumarins have also been designed and reported to posses' remarkable inhibitory potential. Apart from presenting the design strategies, the article also highlights the structure activity relationship along with mechanistic insights revealed during the biological evaluation of the hybrids.
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Andrés-Iglesias C, Blanco CA, Blanco J, Montero O. Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach to determine differential metabolites between regular and non-alcohol beers. Food Chem 2014; 157:205-12. [PMID: 24679772 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.01.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcohol beers show taste deficiencies in relation to regular (alcohol) beers as shown by consumer evaluation. In this study, multivariate statistical analysis of data obtained by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) measurements was applied to determining differential metabolites between two regular (R1 and R2) and their related low- and non-alcohol beers (F1 and F2, respectively) from a Spanish manufacturer, as well as between F1 and F2 and two non-alcohol beers (F3 and F4) from a non-Spanish producer. Principal component analysis (PCA) of data from UPLC-MS measurements with electrospray ionization in negative mode was able to separate the six beers. Sugar content was 6-fold and 2-fold higher in F2 and F1 than in R2 and R1, respectively. Isoxanthohumol and hop acid contents decreased in F2 as compared with R2 but kept in F1 similar to R1. Results are discussed in relation to valued taste characteristics of each beer type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Andrés-Iglesias
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agrícola y Forestal (Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos), ETS Ingenierías Agrarias, (Universidad de Valladolid) Avda. de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Carlos A Blanco
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agrícola y Forestal (Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos), ETS Ingenierías Agrarias, (Universidad de Valladolid) Avda. de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Jorge Blanco
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agrícola y Forestal (Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos), ETS Ingenierías Agrarias, (Universidad de Valladolid) Avda. de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Olimpio Montero
- Centre for Biotechnology Development (CDB), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Francisco Vallés 8, Boecillo's Technological Park, 47151 Boecillo (Valladolid), Spain.
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Masek A, Chrzescijanska E, Kosmalska A, Zaborski M. Characteristics of compounds in hops using cyclic voltammetry, UV-VIS, FTIR and GC-MS analysis. Food Chem 2014; 156:353-61. [PMID: 24629980 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The article presents the antioxidant properties of the extracts of hop EI and EII, by the electrochemical methods on a platinum electrode and comparative analysis of the composition of the extracts of hops using UV-VIS, FTIR and GC-MS methods. The hops extract EI, was obtained from the waste of the hops cone. The hops extract EII, was obtained from the hops cone itself. Hops contain a wide range of polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant properties divided in various chemical classes. Flavonoids and other polyphenolic compounds contained in hops show antioxidant capacity because of the presence of hydroxyl groups in various configurations and numbers within their molecules. The electrochemical properties and antioxidant capacity of hop samples were determined to select the most effective antioxidant. Based on the cyclic and pulse voltammograms, it was observed that hop extract EI contains polyphenols that are oxidised at a less positive potential than extract EII, i.e., it shows better antioxidant capacity. From the analysis of the UV-VIS and FTIR spectra and the GC-MS analysis, it was observed that extract EI contains less phenyl compounds than EII. In addition to flavonoids, EII contains hop acids and chlorophyll. The solutions of hop extracts show very good antioxidant capacities; therefore, they can effectively inhibit or slow negative oxidation reactions and scavenge free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Masek
- Technical University of Lodz, Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, ul Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Ewa Chrzescijanska
- Technical University of Lodz, Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, ul Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Kosmalska
- Technical University of Lodz, Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, ul Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marian Zaborski
- Technical University of Lodz, Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, ul Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
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Sasaoka N, Sakamoto M, Kanemori S, Kan M, Tsukano C, Takemoto Y, Kakizuka A. Long-term oral administration of hop flower extracts mitigates Alzheimer phenotypes in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87185. [PMID: 24489866 PMCID: PMC3906130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coincident with the expanding population of aged people, the incidence of Alzheimer disease (AD) is rapidly increasing in most advanced countries. At present, no effective prophylactics are available. Among several pathological mechanisms proposed for AD, the “amyloid hypothesis” has been most widely accepted, in which accumulation or deposition of Aβ is considered to be the initial event. Thus, prevention of Aβ production would be an ideal strategy for the treatment or prevention of AD. Aβ is produced via the proteolytic cleavage of its precursor protein, APP (amyloid precursor protein), by two different enzymes, β and γ-secretases. Indeed, inhibitors against either or both enzymes have been developed and tested for clinical efficacy. Based on the “amyloid hypothesis”, we developed a luciferase-based screening method to monitor γ-secretase activity, screened more than 1,600 plant extracts, most of which have long been used in Chinese medicine, and observed that Hop extracts significantly inhibit Aβ production in cultured cells. A major component of the inhibitory activity was purified, and its chemical identity was determined by NMR to be Garcinielliptone HC. In vivo, oral administration of Hop extracts to AD model mice decreased Aβ depositions in the cerebral cortex of the parietal lobe, hippocampus, and artery walls (amyloid angiopathy) in the brains. In a Morris water maze test, AD model mice that had daily consumed Hop extracts in their drinking water showed significant mitigation of memory impairment at ages of 9 and 12 months. Moreover, in the open field test oral administration of Hop extracts also prevented an emotional disturbance that appeared in the AD mice at 18 months. Despite lifelong consumption of Hop extracts, no deleterious side effects were observed at any age. These results support the “amyloid hypothesis”, and indicate that Hop extract is a promising candidate for an effective prophylactic for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Sasaoka
- Laboratory of Functional Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Megumi Sakamoto
- Laboratory of Functional Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shoko Kanemori
- Laboratory of Functional Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiru Kan
- Laboratory of Functional Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chihiro Tsukano
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiji Takemoto
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Kakizuka
- Laboratory of Functional Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Hejazian SH, Bagheri SM, Dashti-R MH. Relaxant effect of Humulus lupulus extracts on isotonic rat's ileum contractions. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2014; 4:53-8. [PMID: 25050301 PMCID: PMC4103727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many biological studies have been done to determine the activity of medicinal plants on gastrointestinal function. Since acetylcholine is the major transmitter involved in the gastrointestinal motility and there are some evidences regarding the cholinergic modulatory effect of hops extract, in the present study spasmolytic and antispasmodic action of hops (Humulus lupulus) on acetylcholine-induced contraction in isolated rat's ileum was evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, pieces of isolated rat's ileum were mounted in the internal chamber of an organ bath which was filled with Tyrode's solution and tightly tied to the lever of an isotonic transducer. The contractile responses were recorded by using an oscillograph device. In the presence of normal saline and different concentrations of hops (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 mg/ml), the amplitude of contractions induced by10(-12) up to 10(-2) M acetylcholine was determined. The spasmolytic action of the same extract concentrations was also examined on contraction induced by 10(-4) acetylcholine. RESULTS Our findings indicate that hops extract reduces acetylcholine-induced contraction in all concentrations. The significant inhibitory effects of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 mg/ml hops extract on contraction induced by 10(-3) M acetylcholine were 81.9, 77, and 29.3, respectively (p<0.05). CONCLUSION According to our findings, hops extract poses a potent spasmolytic and antispasmodic action on acetylcholine-induced contraction in isolated rat's ileum which may be mediated by cholinergic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hassan Hejazian
- Department of Physiology/herbal Medicine Research Center, Shahid Sadoghi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, I. R. Iran
| | - Seyyed Majid Bagheri
- Department of Physiology/herbal Medicine Research Center, Shahid Sadoghi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, I. R. Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Dashti-R
- Department of Physiology/herbal Medicine Research Center, Shahid Sadoghi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, I. R. Iran ,Corresponding author: Tel: +983518203810-17, Fax: +983518202632,
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Önder FC, Ay M, Sarker SD. Comparative study of antioxidant properties and total phenolic content of the extracts of Humulus lupulus L. and quantification of bioactive components by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:10498-10506. [PMID: 24079371 DOI: 10.1021/jf4031508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this research, antioxidant activities of various extracts obtained from Humulus lupulus L. were compared by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and CUPRAC assays. The amount of total phenolic components determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent was found to be highest for 25% aqueous ethanol (9079 ± 187.83 mg Ferulic acid equivalent/100 g extract) and methanol-1 (directly) (8343 ± 158.39 mg Ferulic acid equivalent/100 g extract) extracts. The n-hexane extract of H. lupulus exhibited the greatest with DPPH (14.95 ± 0.03 μg Trolox equivalent/g sample). The highest phenolic content in the ethanolic extract could be the major contributor to its highest CUPRAC activity (3.15 ± 0.44 mmol Trolox equivalent/g sample). Methanol-2 (n-hexane, acetone, and methanol) and methanol-3 (n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, and methanol) extracts, respectively, exhibited the most potent ABTS (7.35 ± 0.03 mM Trolox equivalent) and FRAP (1.56 ± 0.35 mmol Fe(2+)/g sample) activities. Some of the components from the crude extracts were determined by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS analyses. Comparative screening of antioxidant activities of H. lupulus extracts and quantification of some major components by LC-MS/MS, qualitatively analysis of the reported ones which were optimal under negative ion SIM mode and coinjection, are going to be valuable for food and health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferah Cömert Önder
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Products and Drug Research Laboratory, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University , 17020 Çanakkale, Turkey
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81
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Antiadherent and antibiofilm activity of Humulus lupulus L. derived products: new pharmacological properties. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:101089. [PMID: 24175280 PMCID: PMC3794639 DOI: 10.1155/2013/101089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
New antimicrobial properties of products derived from Humulus lupulus L. such as antiadherent and antibiofilm activities were evaluated. The growth of gram-positive but not gram-negative bacteria was inhibited to different extents by these compounds. An extract of hop cones containing 51% xanthohumol was slightly less active against S. aureus strains (MIC range 31.2-125.0 μg/mL) than pure xanthohumol (MIC range 15.6-62.5 μg/mL). The spent hop extract, free of xanthohumol, exhibited lower but still relevant activity (MIC range 1-2 mg/mL). There were positive coactions of hop cone, spent hop extracts, and xanthohumol with oxacillin against MSSA and with linezolid against MSSA and MRSA. Plant compounds in the culture medium at sub-MIC concentrations decreased the adhesion of Staphylococci to abiotic surfaces, which in turn caused inhibition of biofilm formation. The rate of mature biofilm eradication by these products was significant. The spent hop extract at MIC reduced biofilm viability by 42.8%, the hop cone extract by 74.8%, and pure xanthohumol by 86.5%. When the hop cone extract or xanthohumol concentration was increased, almost complete biofilm eradication was achieved (97-99%). This study reveals the potent antibiofilm activity of hop-derived compounds for the first time.
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82
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Dietz BM, Hagos GK, Eskra JN, Wijewickrama GT, Anderson JR, Nikolic D, Guo J, Wright B, Chen SN, Pauli GF, van Breemen RB, Bolton JL. Differential regulation of detoxification enzymes in hepatic and mammary tissue by hops (Humulus lupulus) in vitro and in vivo. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:1055-66. [PMID: 23512484 PMCID: PMC3864769 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Hops contain the phytoestrogen, 8-prenylnaringenin, and the cytoprotective compound, xanthohumol (XH). XH induces the detoxification enzyme, NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) in vitro; however, the tissue distribution of XH and 8-prenylnaringenin and their tissue-specific activity have not been analyzed. METHODS AND RESULTS An orally administered hop extract and subcutaneously injected XH were administered to Sprague-Dawley rats over 4 days. LC-MS-MS analysis of plasma, liver, and mammary gland revealed that XH accumulated in liver and mammary glands. Compared with the low level in the original extract, 8-prenylnaringenin was enriched in the tissues. Hops and XH-induced NQO1 in the liver, while only hops reduced NQO1 activity in the mammary gland. Mechanistic studies revealed that hops modulated NQO1 through three mechanisms. In liver cells, (i) XH modified Kelch-like ECH-associated protein leading to nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) translocation and antioxidant response element (ARE) activation; (ii) hop-mediated ARE induction was partially mediated through phosphorylation of Nrf2 by PKC; (iii) in breast cells, 8-prenylnaringenin reduced NQO1 likely through binding to estrogen receptorα, recruiting Nrf2, and downregulating ARE-regulated genes. CONCLUSION XH and 8-prenylnaringenin in dietary hops are bioavailable to the target tissues. While hops and XH might be cytoprotective in the liver, 8-prenylnaringenin seems responsible for hop-mediated NQO1 reduction in the mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit M Dietz
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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83
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Guarrera PM, Savo V. Perceived health properties of wild and cultivated food plants in local and popular traditions of Italy: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 146:659-680. [PMID: 23395624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Many wild and cultivated plants are rich in mineral elements and bioactive compounds and are consumed for health purposes. Studies have demonstrated the curative properties of many of these food plants. In this paper, we discuss the properties of several plants with potential health benefits that have previously received little attention. AIM OF THE STUDY This review provides an overview and critical discussion of food plants perceived by informants (emic view) as healthy or used as 'food medicine' in Italy. Pharmacological activity of these plants is explored, based upon published scientific research (etic view). Preparation methods, taste perception, toxicity and various potentialities of some food plants are also discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present review includes literature available from 1877 to 2012. The information was collected from books, scientific papers, and abstracts that reported any plants used as food medicine in Italy. The perceived health properties were analyzed in the framework of recent international phytochemical and phytopharmacological literature. RESULTS A total of 67 edible wild plants and 18 cultivated vegetables, distributed into 20 families, were reported by informants (in literature). Several plants were highly cited (e.g., Taraxacum officinale Webb., Crepis vesicaria L., Allium cepa L., Allium sativum L.). The most frequent health properties attributed to edible plants by the informants were: laxative (22 species), diuretic (15), digestive (11), galactagogue (8), antitussive (cough) (8), hypotensive (7), tonic (7), sedative (7), hypoglycemic (6). CONCLUSIONS Some edible plants are promising for their potential health properties, such as Crepis vesicaria L., Sanguisorba minor Scop. and Sonchus oleraceus L. Several wild species were perceived by informants to maintain health but have never been studied from a phytochemical or pharmacological point of view: e.g., Asparagus albus L., Crepis leontodontoides All., Hyoseris radiata L. subsp. radiata, Phyteuma spicatum L.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Guarrera
- Istituto Centrale per la Demoetnoantropologia, Ministero Beni e Attività Culturali, Piazza Marconi 8-10, I-00144 Rome, Italy.
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84
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Nikolić D, van Breemen RB. Analytical methods for quantitation of prenylated flavonoids from hops. CURR ANAL CHEM 2013; 9:71-85. [PMID: 24077106 PMCID: PMC3783999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The female flowers of hops (Humulus lupulus L.) are used as a flavoring agent in the brewing industry. There is growing interest in possible health benefits of hops, particularly as estrogenic and chemopreventive agents. Among the possible active constituents, most of the attention has focused on prenylated flavonoids, which can chemically be classified as prenylated chalcones and prenylated flavanones. Among chalcones, xanthohumol (XN) and desmethylxanthohumol (DMX) have been the most studied, while among flavanones, 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN) and 6-prenylnaringenin (6-PN) have received the most attention. Because of the interest in medicinal properties of prenylated flavonoids, there is demand for accurate, reproducible and sensitive analytical methods to quantify these compounds in various matrices. Such methods are needed, for example, for quality control and standardization of hop extracts, measurement of the content of prenylated flavonoids in beer, and to determine pharmacokinetic properties of prenylated flavonoids in animals and humans. This review summarizes currently available analytical methods for quantitative analysis of the major prenylated flavonoids, with an emphasis on the LC-MS and LC-MS-MS methods and their recent applications to biomedical research on hops. This review covers all methods in which prenylated flavonoids have been measured, either as the primary analytes or as a part of a larger group of analytes. The review also discusses methodological issues relating to the quantitative analysis of these compounds regardless of the chosen analytical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Nikolić
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612-7231, USA
| | - Richard B. van Breemen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612-7231, USA
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85
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Miyashita M, Sadzuka Y. Effect of linalool as a component of Humulus lupulus on doxorubicin-induced antitumor activity. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 53:174-9. [PMID: 23220514 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
As malignant neoplasm is a major public health problem, there is a need for the development of a novel modulator that enhances antitumor activity and reduces adverse reactions to antitumor agents. In this study, the effects of some volatile oil components in Humulus lupulus on doxorubicin (DOX) permeability in tumor cells and DOX-induced antitumor activity were examined. In vitro, DOX levels in tumor cells by combined linalool as its component significantly increased in the DOX influx system, and the increased effect by linalool on DOX cytotoxicity was shown. In vivo, the combination of DOX with linalool significantly decreased tumor weight compared with that of DOX alone treated group. The promotion of DOX influx level by combined linalool did not depend on energy, whereas it was suppressed by the absence of Na(+). This promoting effect was suppressed by the presence of S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine and inhibited dependently on phlorizin concentration. It is considered that linalool promoted DOX influx in tumor cells because of its action on DOX transport through concentrative Na(+)-dependent nucleoside transporter 3, which increased DOX concentration in tumor cells and thus enhanced the antitumor activity of DOX. Therefore, linalool as a food component is anticipated to be an effective DOX modulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Miyashita
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba-Cho, Shiwa-Gun, Iwate 028-3694, Japan.
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86
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Akazawa H, Kohno H, Tokuda H, Suzuki N, Yasukawa K, Kimura Y, Manosroi A, Manosroi J, Akihisa T. Anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor-promoting effects of 5-deprenyllupulonol C and other compounds from Hop (Humulus lupulus L.). Chem Biodivers 2012; 9:1045-54. [PMID: 22700224 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201100233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A new phloroglucinol derivative, 5-deprenyllupulonol C (1), along with four other phloroglucinol derivatives, 2-5, five chalcones, 6-10, four flavanones, 11-14, two flavonol glycosides, 15 and 16, and five triterpenoids, 17-21, were isolated from the female inflorescence pellet extracts of hop (Humulus lupulus L.). Upon evaluation of these compounds against the Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) in Raji cells, twelve compounds, i.e., 1-4, 11-14, 17-19, and 21, showed potent inhibitory effects on EBV-EA induction, with IC₅₀ values in the range of 215-393 mol ratio/32 pmol TPA. In addition, eleven compounds, i.e., 1-4, 6, 11, 12, 14, 17, 18, and 20, were found to inhibit TPA-induced inflammation (1 μg/ear) in mice, with ID₅₀ values in the range of 0.13-1.06 μmol per ear. Further, lupulone C (2) and 6-prenylnaringenin (14) exhibited inhibitory effects on skin-tumor promotion in an in vivo two-stage mouse-skin carcinogenesis test based on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) as initiator and with TPA as promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Akazawa
- College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8-14 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan
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87
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Highly isoxanthohumol enriched hop extract obtained by pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE). Chemical and functional characterization. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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88
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Nagaraju M, Gnana Deepthi E, Ashwini C, Vishnuvardhan M, Lakshma Nayak V, Chandra R, Ramakrishna S, Gawali B. Synthesis and selective cytotoxic activity of novel hybrid chalcones against prostate cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:4314-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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89
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Matoušek J, Kocábek T, Patzak J, Füssy Z, Procházková J, Heyerick A. Combinatorial analysis of lupulin gland transcription factors from R2R3Myb, bHLH and WDR families indicates a complex regulation of chs_H1 genes essential for prenylflavonoid biosynthesis in hop (Humulus Lupulus L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 12:27. [PMID: 22340661 PMCID: PMC3340318 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-12-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lupulin glands of hop produce a specific metabolome including hop bitter acids valuable for the brewing process and prenylflavonoids with promising health-beneficial activities. The detailed analysis of the transcription factor (TF)-mediated regulation of the oligofamily of one of the key enzymes, i.e., chalcone synthase CHS_H1 that efficiently catalyzes the production of naringenin chalcone, a direct precursor of prenylflavonoids in hop, constitutes an important part of the dissection of the biosynthetic pathways leading to the accumulation of these compounds. RESULTS Homologues of flavonoid-regulating TFs HlMyb2 (M2), HlbHLH2 (B2) and HlWDR1 (W1) from hop were cloned using a lupulin gland-specific cDNA library from the hop variety Osvald's 72. Using a "combinatorial" transient GUS expression system it was shown that these unique lupulin-gland-associated TFs significantly activated the promoter (P) of chs_H1 in ternary combinations of B2, W1 and either M2 or the previously characterized HlMyb3 (M3). The promoter activation was strongly dependent on the Myb-P binding box TCCTACC having a core sequence CCWACC positioned on its 5' end region and it seems that the complexity of the promoter plays an important role. M2B2W1-mediated activation significantly exceeded the strength of expression of native chs_H1 gene driven by the 35S promoter of CaMV, while M3B2W1 resulted in 30% of the 35S:chs_H1 expression level, as quantified by real-time PCR. Another newly cloned hop TF, HlMyb7, containing a transcriptional repressor-like motif pdLNLD/ELxiG/S (PDLNLELRIS), was identified as an efficient inhibitor of chs_H1-activating TFs. Comparative analyses of hop and A. thaliana TFs revealed a complex activation of Pchs_H1 and Pchs4 in combinatorial or independent manners. CONCLUSIONS This study on the sequences and functions of various lupulin gland-specific transcription factors provides insight into the complex character of the regulation of the chs_H1 gene that depends on variable activation by combinations of R2R3Myb, bHLH and WDR TF homologues and inhibition by a Myb repressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Matoušek
- Biology Centre ASCR v.v.i, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kocábek
- Biology Centre ASCR v.v.i, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Patzak
- Hop Research Institute, Co. Ltd, Kadaňská 2525, 438 46 Žatec, Czech Republic
| | - Zoltán Füssy
- Biology Centre ASCR v.v.i, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Procházková
- Biology Centre ASCR v.v.i, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Arne Heyerick
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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90
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Antiproliferative activity and synthesis of 8-prenylnaringenin derivatives by demethylation of 7-O- and 4'-O-substituted isoxanthohumols. Med Chem Res 2012; 21:4230-4238. [PMID: 23087590 PMCID: PMC3474914 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-011-9967-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Several analogues of 7-O- and 4′-O-substituted isoxanthohumol and 8-prenylnaringenin, the strongest known phytoestrogen and potential anticancerogenic agent, were synthesized. Acyl, alkyl, and allyl derivatives of isoxanthohumol underwent the demethylation process using MgI2 × 2Et2O in anhydrous THF with the yields of 61–89%. Some of the compounds approached the international criteria of antiproliferative activity (4 μg/ml) for synthetic agents against the human cancer cell lines.
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91
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Gatica-Arias A, Farag MA, Stanke M, Matoušek J, Wessjohann L, Weber G. Flavonoid production in transgenic hop (Humulus lupulus L.) altered by PAP1/MYB75 from Arabidopsis thaliana L. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2012; 31:111-9. [PMID: 21912858 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-011-1144-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Hop is an important source of secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids. Some of these are pharmacologically active. Nevertheless, the concentration of some classes as flavonoids in wild-type plants is rather low. To enhance the production in hop, it would be interesting to modify the regulation of genes in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. For this purpose, the regulatory factor PAP1/AtMYB75 from Arabidopsis thaliana L. was introduced into hop plants cv. Tettnanger by Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. Twenty kanamycin-resistant transgenic plants were obtained. It was shown that PAP1/AtMYB75 was stably incorporated and expressed in the hop genome. In comparison to the wild-type plants, the color of female flowers and cones of transgenic plants was reddish to pink. Chemical analysis revealed higher levels of anthocyanins, rutin, isoquercitin, kaempferol-glucoside, kaempferol-glucoside-malonate, desmethylxanthohumol, xanthohumol, α-acids and β-acids in transgenic plants compared to wild-type plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gatica-Arias
- Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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92
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The extract from hop cones in plasma protects against changes following exposure to peroxynitrite. Open Life Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.2478/s11535-011-0078-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractHumulus lupulus (Cannabaceae) is well known throughout the world as a raw material in the brewing industry. The antioxidative action of hop cones is poorly understood, therefore the aim of our present study was to investigate in vitro changes in human plasma induced by peroxynitrite in the presence of the highly purified extract from hop cones (Humulus lupulus). The aim of our study was also to explain the effect of the extract from hop cones on coagulation activity of human plasma treated with peroxynitrite. The action of the extract from hop cones was compared with the properties of a well-characterized commercial monomeric polyphenol — resveratrol (3,4′,5-trihydroxystilbene). The tested plant extract, like resveratrol, significantly inhibited protein carbonylation and nitration in plasma treated with ONOO−(0.1 mM). The extract from hop cones, like resveratrol, also caused a distinct reduction of plasma lipid peroxidation induced by ONOO−. Moreover, the tested extract modulated the coagulation properties of plasma treated with peroxynitrite. It seems that antioxidative activities of the highly purified extract from hop cones may be responsible for its medicinal properties.
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93
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Fu ML, Wang W, Chen F, Dong YC, Liu XJ, Ni H, Chen QH. Production of 8-prenylnaringenin from isoxanthohumol through biotransformation by fungi cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:7419-7426. [PMID: 21634799 DOI: 10.1021/jf2011722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
8-Prenylnaringenin (8PN), which presents in hop, enjoys fame as the most potential phytoestrogen. Although a number of health effects are attributed to 8PN, few reports are available about the production of it. In this work, screening of fungi to efficiently transform isoxanthohumol (IXN) into 8PN was designed. The biotransformation of IXN was significantly observed in Eupenicillium javanicum, Cunninghamella blakesleana, and Ceriporiopsis subvermispora under five kinds of transformation conditions. As a comparative result of IXN transformation, E. javanicum was the optimal biocatalyst to produce 8PN. Transformation caused by growing precultured fungal mycelia, a process designated as G2, was a favorable condition for IXN transformation in view of the yield of 8PN. The possible transformation pathway of 8PN bioproduction is postulated in this work. The construction of fungus and transformation mode derived from the current work is viable and an alternative procedure for 8PN formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-liang Fu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
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94
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Kavalier AR, Litt A, Ma C, Pitra NJ, Coles MC, Kennelly EJ, Matthews PD. Phytochemical and morphological characterization of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) cones over five developmental stages using high performance liquid chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry, ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography photodiode array detection, and light microscopy techniques. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:4783-93. [PMID: 21456557 DOI: 10.1021/jf1049084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) inflorescences, commonly known as "hop cones", are prized for their terpenophenolic contents, used in beer production and, more recently, in biomedical applications. In this study we investigated morphological and phytochemical characteristics of hop cones over five developmental stages, using liquid chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS), and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography photodiode array detection (UHPLC-PDA) methods to quantitate 21 polyphenolics and seven terpenophenolics. Additionally, we used light microscopy to correlate phytochemical quantities with changes in the morphology of the cones. Significant increases in terpenophenolics, concomitant with glandular trichome development and associated gross morphological changes, were mapped over development to fluctuations in contents of polyphenolic constituents and their metabolic precursor compounds. The methods reported here can be used for targeted metabolic profiling of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenophenolics in hops, and are applicable to quantitation in other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Kavalier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College and The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, Bronx, New York 10468, United States
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95
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Di Viesti V, Carnevale G, Zavatti M, Benelli A, Zanoli P. Increased sexual motivation in female rats treated with Humulus lupulus L. extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 134:514-517. [PMID: 21211556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Revised: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the influence of Humulus lupulus extract on sexual behavior in female rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ovariectomized rats hormonally primed with estradiol benzoate (1.5 μg/rat) and progesterone (500 μg/rat) were acutely treated by oral gavage with Humulus lupulus extract dosed at 5, 10 and 25mg/kg and then tested for partner preference and sexual receptivity. RESULTS The administration of Humulus lupulus extract at the highest dose significantly increased the preference for the stimulus male during the partner preference test and the number of proceptive behaviors during the receptivity test, without affecting the lordosis response. CONCLUSIONS Humulus lupulus extract increased sexual motivation in hormone-primed female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Di Viesti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41100 Modena, Italy
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Olas B, Kolodziejczyk J, Wachowicz B, Jędrejek D, Stochmal A, Oleszek W. The extract from hop cones (Humulus lupulus) as a modulator of oxidative stress in blood platelets. Platelets 2011; 22:345-52. [DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2010.549597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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97
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Choi Y, Jermihov K, Nam SJ, Sturdy M, Maloney K, Qiu X, Chadwick LR, Main M, Chen SN, Mesecar AD, Farnsworth NR, Pauli GF, Fenical W, Pezzuto JM, van Breemen RB, van Breemen RR. Screening natural products for inhibitors of quinone reductase-2 using ultrafiltration LC-MS. Anal Chem 2010; 83:1048-52. [PMID: 21192729 DOI: 10.1021/ac1028424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitors of quinone reductase-2 (NQO2; QR-2) can have antimalarial activity and antitumor activities or can function as chemoprevention agents by preventing the metabolic activation of toxic quinones such as menadione. To expedite the search for new natural product inhibitors of QR-2, we developed a screening assay based on ultrafiltration liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry that is compatible with complex samples such as bacterial or botanical extracts. Human QR-2 was prepared recombinantly, and the known QR-2 inhibitor, resveratrol, was used as a positive control and as a competitive ligand to eliminate false positives. Ultrafiltration LC-MS screening of extracts of marine sediment bacteria resulted in the discovery of tetrangulol methyl ether as an inhibitor of QR-2. When applied to the screening of hop extracts from the botanical, Humulus lupulus L., xanthohumol and xanthohumol D were identified as ligands of QR-2. Inhibition of QR-2 by these ligands was confirmed using a functional enzyme assay. Furthermore, binding of xanthohumol and xanthohumol D to the active site of QR-2 was confirmed using X-ray crystallography. Ultrafiltration LC-MS was shown to be a useful assay for the discovery of inhibitors of QR-2 in complex matrixes such as extracts of bacteria and botanicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsoo Choi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
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98
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Radović B, Hussong R, Gerhäuser C, Meinl W, Frank N, Becker H, Köhrle J. Xanthohumol, a prenylated chalcone from hops, modulates hepatic expression of genes involved in thyroid hormone distribution and metabolism. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 54 Suppl 2:S225-35. [PMID: 20461738 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we analyzed the influence of xanthohumol (XN) on thyroid hormone (TH) distribution and metabolism in rats. A potent and selective competition of XN for thyroxine (T4) binding to transthyretin (IC(50)=1 microM at 1.7 nM [(125)I]T4) was found in human and rat sera in vitro. Female rats treated orally with XN showed increased hepatic expression of T4-binding globulin and decreased transthyretin and albumin. Thyrotropin levels and hepatic type 1 deiodinase activity were moderately increased. Northern blot analysis revealed diminished expression of liver sulfotransferase (Sult1a1) and uridine-diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (Ugt1a1) after XN treatment. The transcript levels of constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), known to be involved in regulation of enzymes metabolizing hormones, drugs and xenobiotics, was lower in rats treated with >10 mg XN/kg body weight per day. Immunoblot analysis indicates reduced amounts of CAR protein. The phenobarbital-inducible cytochrome P450 mRNA level was decreased in rats treated with >10 mg XN/kg/day, in agreement with reduced CAR protein. Although only moderate changes in TH serum levels were observed, the XN-dependent altered expression of components involved in TH homeostasis might be important not only for hormone metabolism, but also for hepatic phase I and II elimination of drug metabolites and xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branislav Radović
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie & Endokrinologisches Forschungs-Centrum EnForCé, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
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Mazaro-Costa R, Andersen ML, Hachul H, Tufik S. Medicinal Plants as Alternative Treatments for Female Sexual Dysfunction: Utopian Vision or Possible Treatment in Climacteric Women? J Sex Med 2010; 7:3695-714. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.01987.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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100
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Van Cleemput M, Heyerick A, Libert C, Swerts K, Philippé J, De Keukeleire D, Haegeman G, De Bosscher K. Hop bitter acids efficiently block inflammation independent of GRalpha, PPARalpha, or PPARgamma. Mol Nutr Food Res 2009; 53:1143-55. [PMID: 19655312 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200800493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is an essential ingredient of beer, where it provides the typical bitter taste, but is also applied in traditional folk medicine for sedative and antibacterial purposes. In this study, we demonstrate and compare the anti-inflammatory effect of various classes of hop bitter acids (HBA), including alpha-acids (AA), beta-acids (BA), and iso-alpha-acids (IAA), in fibroblasts, which are important players in the inflammatory response. All three studied classes of HBA blocked the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF)-induced production of the cytokine IL6, and inhibited the transactivation of the pro-inflammatory transcription factors nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB), activator protein-1 (AP-1), and cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB). In this respect, the six-membered ring compounds AA and BA showed equal potency, whereas the five-membered ring compounds, IAA, were effective only when used at higher concentrations. Furthermore, with regard to the mechanism of NF-kappaB suppression, we excluded a possible role for glucocorticoid receptor alpha (GRalpha), peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor alpha/gamma (PPARalpha or PPARgamma), nuclear receptors (NRs) that are also known to inhibit inflammation by directly interfering with the activity of pro-inflammatory transcription factors. Interestingly, combining hop acids and selective agonists for GRalpha, PPARalpha, or PPARgamma resulted in additive inhibition of NF-kappaB activity after TNF treatment, which may open up new avenues for combinatorial anti-inflammatory strategies with fewer side effects. Finally, systemic administration of HBA efficiently inhibited acute local inflammation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Van Cleemput
- Laboratory of Eukaryotic Gene Expression and Signal Transduction (LEGEST), Department of Physiology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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