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Díaz JG, Arranz JCE, Batista DDGJ, Fidalgo LM, Acosta JDLV, de Macedo MB, Cos P. Antileishmanial Potentialities of Croton linearis Leaf Essential Oil. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801300527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential oil was obtained from Croton linearis Jacq. leaves. Its chemical composition was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. A total of 82 compounds were identified, being the principal components: guaiol (7.93%); eudesma-4(15),7-dien-1β-ol (4.94%) and guaia-3,10(14)-dien-11-ol (4.52%). Antimicrobial activity was determined against six Candida spp., three bacteria ( Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomona aeruginosa) and two parasites ( Leishmania amazonensis and Trypanosoma cruzi). The selectivity index (SI) was computed through the determination of it cytotoxicity on peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mice and murine fibroblasts L929 cells. Colorimetric microdilution methods as well as direct counting in optical microscopes were performed. The essential oil showed remarkable activity against L. amazonensis (IC50Promastigote: 20.0 ± 4.9 μg/mL; IC50Amastigote: 13.8 ± 4.3 μg/mL), moderate activity against T. cruzi (IC50Trypomastigote: 197.26 ± 8.7 μg/mL) and weak activity against P. aureginosa. Cytotoxicity values were CC50= 89.1 ± 3.4 μg/mL for macrophages BALB/c and CC50= 306 ± 110 μg/mL for L929 cells, rendering a SI of 6 for amastigote form of L. amazonensis. Croton linearis Jacq. leaf essential oil, therefore, could be a potential candidate for future investigations regarding Leishmaniasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús García Díaz
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Oriente, Avenida Patricio Lumumba s/n, 90500 Santiago de Cuba, Cuba
| | - Julio César Escalona Arranz
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Oriente, Avenida Patricio Lumumba s/n, 90500 Santiago de Cuba, Cuba
| | | | - Lianet Monzote Fidalgo
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine “Pedro Kourí”, Apartado Postal No. 601, Marianao 13, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Jorge de la Vega Acosta
- Medical Toxicology Centre (TOXIMED), Medical Sciences University, Autopista km 1½, CP 90400. Santiago de Cuba. Cuba
| | - Maíra Bidar de Macedo
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Paul Cos
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
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Antileishmanial Activity of 2-Methoxy-4H-spiro-[naphthalene-1,2'-oxiran]-4-one (Epoxymethoxy-lawsone): A Promising New Drug Candidate for Leishmaniasis Treatment. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040864. [PMID: 29642584 PMCID: PMC6017818 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxymethoxy-lawsone is a naphthoquinone derivative promising as drug candidate for the treatment of leishmaniases. In the present work the effectiveness of epoxymethoxylawsone, and meglumine antimoniate on Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis parasites and on mice paw lesions of infected BALB/c mice was assessed. In an intracellular amastigotes assay, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value for epoxymethoxylawsone was slightly higher (1.7-fold) than that found for meglumine antimoniate. The efficacy of both drugs became more evident after 48 h of exposure when either the oxirane compound and reference drug reached 18-fold and 7.4-fold lower IC50 values (0.40 ± 0.001 µM and 0.60 ± 0.02 µM), respectively. Promastigotes were also affected by epoxymethoxylawsone after 24 h of incubation (IC50 = 45.45 ± 5.0 µM), but with IC50 6-fold higher than those found for intracellular amastigotes. Cytotoxicity analysis revealed that epoxymethoxylawsone (CC50 = 40.05 ± µM) has 1.7-fold higher effects than meglumine antimoniate (CC50 = 24.14 ± 2.6 µM). Treatment of the paw lesion in infected BALB/c mice with epoxymethoxy-lawsone led to a significant 27% reduction (p < 0.05) of the lesion size, for all administrated doses, compared to the control group. Lesion reduction was also detected after mice treatment with meglumine antimoniate, reaching 31.0% (0.23 mg of Sb(V)/Kg/day and 2.27 mg of Sb(V)/Kg/day) and 64.0% (22.7 mg of Sb(V)/Kg/day). In addition, mice lesion ultrastructural changes were evidenced in amastigotes. The set of data gathered here indicate that epoxymethoxylawsone has pronounced effects on parasites and merits furthering to the preclinical stage.
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Design and synthesis of novel natural clinoptilolite-MnFe2O4 nanocomposites and their catalytic application in the facile and efficient synthesis of chalcone derivatives through Claisen-Schmidt reaction. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-018-3366-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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54
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Dhorm Pimentel de Moraes AR, Tavares GD, Soares Rocha FJ, de Paula E, Giorgio S. Effects of nanoemulsions prepared with essential oils of copaiba- and andiroba against Leishmania infantum and Leishmania amazonensis infections. Exp Parasitol 2018. [PMID: 29518448 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant products are an important source of bioactive agents against parasitic diseases, including leishmaniasis. Among these products, vegetable oils have gained ground in the pharmaceutical field. Here we report the development of nanoemulsions as a delivery system for copaiba and andiroba oils (nanocopa and nanoandi) in order to test their effects on Leishmania infantum and L. amazonensis. The nanocopa and nanoandi had an average particle size of 76.1 and 88.1, respectively with polydispersity index 0.14 to 0.16 and potential zeta -2.54 to -3.9. The data indicated toxic activity of nanocopa and nanoandi against promastigotes of both Leishmania species ultrastructural analyses by scanning electron microscopy revealed that exposition to nanoemulsions induced oval cell shape and retracted flagella. The treatment with nanocopa and nanoandi led to a reduction in L. infantum and L. amazonensis infection levels in macrophage cultures. The nanoemulsions treatment have significant beneficial effects on all the parameters evaluated in lesions induced by L. amazonensis (lesion size, parasite burden and histopathology) on BALB/c mice. The treatment of L. infantum-infected BALB/c mice with nanoemulsions also showed promising results reducing parasite burden in spleen and liver and improving histopathological features.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eneida de Paula
- Departamento de Bioquimica e Biologia Estrutural, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Selma Giorgio
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Thein vitroantileishmanial activity of essential oil fromAloysia gratissimaand guaiol, its major sesquiterpene againstLeishmania amazonensis. Parasitology 2018; 145:1219-1227. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182017002335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractLeishmaniases is a tropical disease caused by protozoa of the genusLeishmaniafor which the current treatment is expensive, besides increasing reports of parasite resistance. This study investigated the anti-Leishmania amazonensisactivity of the essential oil fromAloysia gratissima(AgEO) and guaiol, the major sesquiterpene constituent in the oil. Our results showed that AgEO killed promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes at an IC50of 25 and 0·16µg mL−1, respectively, while guaiol killed amastigotes at an IC50of 0·01µg mL−1. Both AgEO and guaiol were safe for macrophages up to 100µg mL−1, as evaluated by the dehydrogenase activity, membrane integrity and phagocytic capacity. AgEO and guaiol did not induce nitrite oxide (NO) in resting macrophages and inhibited the production of NO in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. The ultrastructural analysis suggested that AgEO and guaiol act directly on parasites, affecting promastigotes kinetoplast, mitochondrial matrix and plasma membrane. Together, these results pointed out that AgEO and guaiol could be promising candidates to develop anti-Leishmaniadrugs.
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Noormohammadi H, Maroufi Y, Dabirzadeh M, Abdolhossein M. Anti-leishmanial Activity of Methanolic Extract of Nerium oleander L. against Leishmania major. MEDICAL LABORATORY JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.29252/mlj.11.6.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Soosaraei M, Fakhar M, Hosseini Teshnizi S, Ziaei Hezarjaribi H, Banimostafavi ES. Medicinal plants with promising antileishmanial activity in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2017; 21:63-80. [PMID: 28794869 PMCID: PMC5536386 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2017.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis is a major public health problem worldwide. The aim of the present study was to investigate medicinal plants with anti-Leishmania activity which used in Iran. METHODS Data were systematically gathered from five English databases including Ebsco, Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus, four Persian databases including Magiran, Iran doc, Iran medex and the Scientific Information Database (SID) from 1999 to April 2015. Information obtained included plant family, extraction method, concentrations of extracts, animal models and parasite strains. RESULTS A total of 68 articles including 188 experiments (140 in vitro and 48 in vivo) between 1999 and 2015, met our eligibility criteria. Thoroughly, 98 types of plants were examined against three genera of Leishmania spp. For the heterogeneity study conducted, it was showed that there was a great deal of variation among studies. Based on random effect, meta-analysis pooled mean of IC50 was obtained 456.64 (95% CI: 396.15, 517.12). CONCLUSION The most Iranian plants used as anti-leishmanial activity were Artemisia species, Allium sativum, Achilleamille folium, Peganum harmala and Thymus vulgaris. The present systematic and meta-analysis review provide valuable information about natural products with anti-Leishmania activity, which would be examined in the future experimental and clinical trials and herbal combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Soosaraei
- Student Research Committee, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahdi Fakhar
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Hajar Ziaei Hezarjaribi
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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58
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In Vitro Antileishmanial Activity of Falcaria vulgaris Fractions on Leishmania major. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.63754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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59
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García M, Scull R, Satyal P, Setzer WN, Monzote L. Chemical Characterization, Antileishmanial Activity, and Cytotoxicity Effects of the Essential Oil from Leaves of Pluchea carolinensis (Jacq.) G. Don. (Asteraceae). Phytother Res 2017; 31:1419-1426. [PMID: 28703380 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Current strategies to control leishmaniasis are mainly based on chemotherapy. However, none of the available drugs can be considered to be ideal to treat this disease. Because of the hydrophobic nature and bioactivities of their components, essential oils (EOs) can be considered as important sources for developing agents against intracellular pathogens, such as Leishmania parasites. In this study, we report the chemical characterization, antileishmanial activities, and cytotoxicity effect of the EO from Pluchea carolinensis (Jacq.) G. Don. (Asteraceae). Chemical analysis revealed that EO from aerial part from P. carolinensis is composed of 44 compounds. The main component was selin-11-en-4α-ol, which made up 51.0%. In vitro antileishmanial studies showed that P. carolinensis EO inhibited the growth of promastigotes (IC50 = 24.7 ± 7.1 μg/mL) and amastigotes (IC50 = 6.2 ± 0.1 μg/mL) of Leishmania amazonensis, while cytotoxicity evaluation revealed fivefold higher values than those for the parasites. In a model of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice, five doses of EO at 30 mg/kg by intralesional route demonstrated smaller lesion size and parasite burden (p < 0.05) compared with animals treated with Glucantime® and untreated mice. In conclusion, in vitro and in vivo results showed the potentialities of EO from P. carolinensis with the future possibility of a new alternative in the treatment for leishmaniasis. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marley García
- Parasitology Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine "Pedro Kouri", Havana, Cuba
| | - Ramón Scull
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food, Havana University, Havana, Cuba
| | - Prabodh Satyal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, 35899, USA
| | - William N Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, 35899, USA
| | - Lianet Monzote
- Parasitology Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine "Pedro Kouri", Havana, Cuba
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Ahmad A, Wei Y, Ullah S, Shah SI, Nasir F, Shah A, Iqbal Z, Tahir K, Khan UA, Yuan Q. Synthesis of phytochemicals-stabilized gold nanoparticles and their biological activities against bacteria and Leishmania. Microb Pathog 2017; 110:304-312. [PMID: 28705747 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscale materials have shown promising results in the field of medicine as therapeutic agents and drugs delivery vehicles. In the current study, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were prepared by a green and facile method using the aqueous extract of Rhazya stricta decne as a source of reducing and stabilizing agents. The bio-fabricated AuNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and FTIR spectroscopy. Antimicrobial activities of the biosynthesized AuNPs were tested against Leishmania tropica (HTD7), E. coli and S. aureus. AuNPs were the most effective agents in inhibiting the growth of intra-THP-1 amastigotes at 100 μg/mL concentration (IC50 = 43 μg/mL) after 48-h incubation. In addition, the prepared AuNPs also displayed good activity against E. coli (MIC = 25.0 μg/mL) and Bacillus subtilis (50.0 μg/mL). Interestingly, biogenic AuNPs did not exhibit cytotoxic effect against the THP-1 cells after 24 h exposure. The findings of this study conclude that phytochemicals-stabilized AuNPs could be a safe and effective source of antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15 East Road of North Third Ring, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15 East Road of North Third Ring, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Sadeeq Ullah
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15 East Road of North Third Ring, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | | | - Fazli Nasir
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, 25120 Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Akram Shah
- Department of Zoology, University of Peshawar, 25120 Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, 25120 Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Kamran Tahir
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University, D.I. Khan, Pakistan
| | - Usman Ali Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15 East Road of North Third Ring, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qipeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15 East Road of North Third Ring, Chao Yang District, Beijing 100029, China.
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Monzote L, Scull R, Cos P, Setzer WN. Essential Oil from Piper aduncum: Chemical Analysis, Antimicrobial Assessment, and Literature Review. MEDICINES 2017; 4:medicines4030049. [PMID: 28930264 PMCID: PMC5622384 DOI: 10.3390/medicines4030049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: The challenge in antimicrobial chemotherapy is to find safe and selective agents with potency that will not be compromised by previously developed resistance. Terrestrial plants could provide new leads to antibacterial, antifungal, or antiprotozoal activity. Methods: The essential oil (EO) of Piper aduncum L. (Piperaceae) from Cuba was analyzed by gas chromatography—mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A cluster analysis of P. aduncum EO compositions reported in the literature was carried out. The EO was screened against a panel of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, parasitic protozoa) as well as for cytotoxicity against human cells. In addition, a review of scientific literature and a bibliometric study was also conducted. Results: A total of 90 compounds were identified in the EO, of which camphor (17.1%), viridiflorol (14.5%), and piperitone (23.7%) were the main components. The cluster analysis revealed at least nine different chemotypes. The EO did not show notable activity against bacteria or fungi, but was active against parasitic protozoa. Conclusions: The results from this study indicate P. aduncum from Cuba is a unique chemotype, support the importance of P. aduncum EOs as medicines, and demonstrate the promise of Cuban P. aduncum EO as a chemotherapeutic agent against parasitic protozoal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianet Monzote
- Parasitology Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kouri, 10400 Havana, Cuba.
| | - Ramón Scull
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food, University of Havana, 13600 Havana, Cuba.
| | - Paul Cos
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Antwerp University, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - William N Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA.
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Lipid-core nanocapsules increase the oral efficacy of quercetin in cutaneous leishmaniasis. Parasitology 2017; 144:1769-1774. [PMID: 28653597 DOI: 10.1017/s003118201700097x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
New oral treatments are needed for all forms of leishmaniasis. Here, the improved oral efficacy of quercetin (Qc) and its penta-acetylated derivative (PQc) was evaluated in cutaneous leishmaniasis after encapsulation in lipid-core nanocapsules (LNCs) of poly(ε-caprolactone). Leishmania amazonensis-infected BALB/c mice were given 51 daily oral doses of free drugs (16 mg kg-1) or LNC-loaded drugs (0·4 mg kg-1). While treatment with free Qc reduced the lesion sizes and parasite loads by 38 and 71%, respectively, LNC-Qc produced 64 and 91% reduction, respectively. The antileishmanial efficacy of PQc was similar but not as potently improved by encapsulation as Qc. None of the treatments increased aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase or creatinine serum levels. These findings indicate that when encapsulated in LNC, Qc and, to a lesser extent, PQc can safely produce an enhanced antileishmanial effect even at a 40-fold lower dose, with implications for the development of a new oral drug for cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Investigation of the Anti-Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum Activity of Some Natural Sesquiterpene Lactones. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050685. [PMID: 28441357 PMCID: PMC6154613 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniases are neglected infectious diseases caused by parasites of the ‘protozoan’ genus Leishmania. Depending on the parasite species, different clinical forms are known as cutaneous, muco-cutaneous, and the visceral leishmaniasis (VL). VL is particularly fatal and the therapy presents limitations. In the search for new anti-leishmanial hit compounds, seven natural sesquiterpene lactones were evaluated against promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum, a pathogen causing VL. The pseudoguaianolides mexicanin I and helenalin acetate demonstrated the highest selectivity and potency against intracellular amastigotes. In addition, promastigotes treated with helenalin acetate were subject to an ultrastructural and biochemical investigation. The lethal action of the compound was investigated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and related techniques to detect alterations in reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, plasma membrane permeability, and mitochondrial membrane potential. Helenalin acetate significantly reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential and the mitochondrial structural damage was also confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, displaying an intense organelle swelling. No alteration of plasma membrane permeability or ROS content could be detected. Additionally, helenalin acetate significantly increased the production of nitric oxide in peritoneal macrophages, probably potentiating the activity against the intracellular amastigotes. Helenalin acetate could hence be a useful anti-leishmanial scaffold for further optimization studies.
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Kar N, Chakraborty S, De AK, Ghosh S, Bera T. Development and evaluation of a cedrol-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier system for in vitro and in vivo susceptibilities of wild and drug resistant Leishmania donovani amastigotes. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 104:196-211. [PMID: 28400285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is an epidemic in various countries, and the parasite Leishmania donovani is developing resistance against available drugs. In the present study the antileishmanial action of cedrol was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Activity potentiation was achieved via nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) complexation of cedrol. Cedrol-loaded NLC was prepared through the hot-melting emulsification-ultrasonication method. The cedrol- NLC prepared did not require the use of any organic solvents. The characterization of NLC-C1 and NLC-C2 revealed that particle size was 46.62nm and 54.73nm for 3.85%, and 7.48% drug loading, respectively and negative charge of -19.2mV and -23.7mV. The cedrol-loaded NLC were found to be spherical with a smooth surface. Drug-carrier interactions were clearly visualized in FT-IR studies. Incorporation of cedrol in NLC was ascertained in DSC and XRD analysis. Antileishmanial activities of free cedrol and cedrol-NLC were performed against L. donovani wild-type, sodium stibogluconate, paromomycin and field isolated resistant strains in axenic amastigotes and amastigotes in macrophage model. Coumarin-6 loaded NLC nanoparticles were assessed for macrophage internalization in confocal microscopic studies. Cedrol showed significant antileishmanial activity in wild-type (IC50=1.5μM), sodium stibogluconate resistant (IC50=2μM), paromomycin resistant (IC50=1.8μM) and field isolated resistant (IC50=1.35μM) strains in macrophage together with cytotoxicity (CC50=74μM) in mouse peritoneal macrophage cells. Incorporation of cedrol in NLC-C2 resulted in 2.1-fold and 2-fold increase in selectivity indexes (CC50/IC50) for wild-type and drug resistant strains, respectively. In addition, in vivo studies revealed that bioactivity of NLC-C2 were 2.3 to 3.8-fold increased in wild-type and 3 to 4.9-fold increased in drug resistant strains when compared with free cedrol; administered orally in mouse leishmaniasis model. Overall, NLC-C2 showed superior antileishmanial activity to free cedrol and miltefosine in oral dose. These findings support the use of NLCs for oral delivery of poorly water-soluble antileishmanial drugs in treatment of leishmaniasis. CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS Cedrol (PubChem CID: 65575); Compritol® 888 ATO (PubChem CID: 62726); Triolein (PubChem CID: 5497163); Pluronic F68 (PubChem CID: 24751); Soya lecithin (PubChem CID: 57369748); Sodium deoxycholate (PubChem CID: 23668196); Miltefosine (PubChem CID: 3599); Paromomycin (PubChem CID: 165580); Amphotericin B (PubChem CID: 5280965); Sodium stibogluconate (PubChem CID: 16683012).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabanita Kar
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Division of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Shreyasi Chakraborty
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Division of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Asit Kumar De
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Division of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Santanu Ghosh
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Division of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Tanmoy Bera
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Division of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
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Paladi CS, da Silva DAM, Motta PD, Garcia DM, Teixeira D, Longo-Maugéri IM, Katz S, Barbiéri CL. Treatment of Leishmania (Leishmania) Amazonensis-Infected Mice with a Combination of a Palladacycle Complex and Heat-Killed Propionibacterium acnes Triggers Protective Cellular Immune Responses. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:333. [PMID: 28321209 PMCID: PMC5337482 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Palladacycle complex DPPE 1.2 was previously reported to inhibit the in vitro and in vivo infection by Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of DPPE 1.2, in association with heat-killed Propionibacterium acnes, on L. (L.) amazonensis infection in two mouse strains, BALB/c and C57BL/6, and to evaluate the immune responses of the treated animals. Foot lesions of L. (L.) amazonensis-infected mice were injected with DPPE 1.2 alone, or associated with P. acnes as an adjuvant. Analysis of T-cell populations in the treated mice and in untreated controls was performed by FACS. Detection of IFN-γ-secreting lymphocytes was carried out by an ELISPOT assay and active TGF-β was measured by means of a double-sandwich ELISA test. The treatment with DPPE 1.2 resulted in a significant reduction of foot lesion sizes and parasite burdens in both mouse strains, and the lowest parasite burden was found in mice treated with DPPE 1.2 plus P. acnes. Mice treated with DPPE 1.2 alone displayed a significant increase of TCD4+ and TCD8+ lymphocytes and IFN-γ secretion which were significantly higher in animals treated with DPPE 1.2 plus P. acnes. A significant reduction of active TGF-β was observed in mice treated with DPPE 1.2 alone or associated with P. acnes. Moreover, DPPE 1.2 associated to P. acnes was non-toxic to treated animals. The destruction of L. (L.) amazonensis by DPPE 1.2 was followed by host inflammatory responses which were exacerbated when the palladacycle complex was associated with P. acnes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina S Paladi
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danielle A M da Silva
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila D Motta
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel M Garcia
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Teixeira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ieda M Longo-Maugéri
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone Katz
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clara L Barbiéri
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
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Hazra S, Ghosh S, Hazra B. Phytochemicals With Antileishmanial Activity. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63931-8.00008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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67
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Pramanik A, Paik D, Naskar K, Chakraborti T. Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt Leaf Extract Exhibits Antileishmanial Effect Through Pro-inflammatory Response: An In Vitro Study. Curr Microbiol 2016; 74:59-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-016-1151-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Alcântara LRDS, Demarchi IG, Aristides SMA. EVOLUTION OF AMERICAN TEGUMENTARY LEISHMANIASIS CASES REPORTED IN PARANÁ STATE, BRAZIL. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2016; 58:67. [PMID: 27680172 PMCID: PMC5048638 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201658067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniases are infectious diseases caused by protozoa of the genus
Leishmania. They are widely distributed worldwide and endemic in
88 countries in four continents. The present study analyzed the reported cases of
American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) in Paraná State (Brazil)
from January 2007 to December 2013. The data were grouped according to Regional
Health (RH) districts and macroregions, which allowed visualization of the reality in
each region in the state. A total of 2,879 ATL cases were reported and distributed
among the 22 RH districts, with an average detection rate of 3.9 cases per 100,000
inhabitants. The northwestern region accounted for 50.1% of the total cases, and the
northern region accounted for 26.0-76.1% of the reported cases. The 6th RH
district did not report any cases. The 7th, 9th, and
18th RH districts had a higher cure rate (> 80%), and lower cure
rates were found in the 1st, 4th, and 12th RH
districts. Reported unfavorable outcomes included treatment abandonment and death.
Overall cure rates are based on the entire country, and unfavorable outcomes require
greater attention of managers and health professionals to meet the goals of the
Brazilian Ministry of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Izabel Galhardo Demarchi
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde. Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Sajjadi SE, Eskandarian AA, Shokoohinia Y, Yousefi HA, Mansourian M, Asgarian-Nasab H, Mohseni N. Antileishmanial activity of prenylated coumarins isolated from Ferulago angulata and Prangos asperula. Res Pharm Sci 2016; 11:324-31. [PMID: 27651813 PMCID: PMC5022381 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.189314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis has a wide spectrum of signs and symptoms due to infection to numbers of Leishmania species and makes enormous mortality and morbidity. There are clues of antileishmanial effects of prenylated coumarins. Apiaceae family is one of the most important sources of coumarins. Air-dried aerial parts of Ferulago angulata and fruits of Prangos asperula were extracted with n-hexane, using a soxhlet apparatus. The solvents were evaporated under reduced pressure. Column chromatography and crystallization process resulted to isolation of three prenylated coumarins. 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance, electron ionization Mass and Infrared spectra were used for elucidation of isolated compounds. Leishmanicidal activity of isolated coumarins was assessed on Leishmania major strain (MRHO/IR/75/ER) for the first time. Suberosin epoxide and suberosin were isolated from aerial parts of F. angulata and osthol was extracted from grounded fruits of P. asperula. Osthol showed a significant antileishmanial effect on promastigotes in early hours of exposure with IC50 of 14.40 µg/mL but suberosin epoxide showed only a weak antileishmanial activity. IC50 of osthol and suberosin epoxide after 48 h were 10.79 and 54.0 µg/mL, respectively. Suberosin showed no remarkable effect in these concentrations. This is the first report on the pharmacological activity of suberosin epoxide. Substantial difference between efficacies of two isomers, osthol and suberosin remarks the importance of prenyl substituent location on C-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ebrahim Sajjadi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Abbas-Ali Eskandarian
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Yalda Shokoohinia
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, I.R. Iran
| | - Hosein-Ali Yousefi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Marjan Mansourian
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Hasan Asgarian-Nasab
- Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Negar Mohseni
- Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
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Demarchi IG, Terron MDS, Thomazella MV, Mota CA, Gazim ZC, Cortez DAG, Aristides SMA, Silveira TGV, Lonardoni MVC. Antileishmanial and immunomodulatory effects of the essential oil from Tetradenia riparia (Hochstetter) Codd. Parasite Immunol 2016; 38:64-77. [PMID: 26615004 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis usually presents therapeutic resistance to antimonials, and the existing therapies for leishmaniasis have many adverse effects and toxicity. Natural products may be regarded as possible candidates for alternative leishmaniasis treatment. The plant Tetradenia riparia has shown promise for the treatment of infectious diseases in folk medicine. We evaluated the antileishmanial activity of an essential oil from T. riparia (TrEO) and the modulatory effects of TrEO on cytokine modulation by peritoneal fluid cells that were infected with L. (L.) amazonensis. Peritoneal fluid cells were infected with Leishmania and incubated with TrEO (30 ng/mL) for 3, 6, and 24 h. Cytokines were screened using semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and flow cytometry. Antileishmanial activity was evaluated at 24 h by microscopic counting and quantitative PCR (qPCR). TrEO treatment induced the death of 50% of Leishmania amastigotes (indicated by microscopic counting) and 91% of the parasite load (indicated by qPCR). TrEO inhibited some of the most critical cytokines for parasite growth and the establishment of infection, including granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10, and tumour necrosis factor. The parasite inhibited interferon-γ and IL-12, and TrEO blocked this inhibition, indicating that these cytokines are critical for activating mechanisms associated with the death and elimination of the parasite. These results suggest that TrEO may be an alternative leishmaniasis therapy when considering its antileishmanial and immunomodulatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabel Galhardo Demarchi
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Souza Terron
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mateus Vailant Thomazella
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Camila Alves Mota
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Zilda Cristiani Gazim
- Departamento de Farmácia, Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais da Universidade Paranaense, Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Mara Alessi Aristides
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Thaís Gomes Verzignassi Silveira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maria Valdrinez Campana Lonardoni
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Paik D, Das P, Naskar K, Pramanik PK, Chakraborti T. Protective inflammatory response against visceral leishmaniasis with potato tuber extract: A new approach of successful therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:1295-1302. [PMID: 27567589 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing number of drug resistance issue of Leishmania donovani strain to common drugs compels to develop new therapeutics against leishmaniasis with minimal toxicity. In this regard, bioactive phytocomponents may lead to the discovery of new medicines with appropriate efficiency. The important roles of Leishmania proteases in the virulence of Leishmania parasite make them very hopeful targets for the improvement of current remedial of leishmaniasis. As part of a hunt for new drugs, we have evaluated in vivo anti-leishmanial activity of serine protease inhibitor rich fraction (PTEx), isolated by sodium bisulfite extraction from potato tuber. The amastigote load of 25mg/kg body weight/day treated BALB/c mice showed 86.9% decrease in liver and 88.7% in case of spleen. This anti-leishmanial effect was also supported by PTEx induced immunomodulatory activity like acute formation of ROS and prolonged NO generation. The Th1/Th2 cytokine balance in splenocytes of PTEx treated animals was estimated and evaluated by ELISA assay as well as by mRNA expression using RT-PCR. Furthermore, significant survival rate (80%) was observed in PTEx treated hamsters. Thus, from the present observations we could accentuate the potential of PTEx to be employed as a new therapeutics from natural source against L. donovani. This might also provide a novel perception of natural serine protease inhibitor from potato tuber as an alternate approach for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyendu Paik
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Partha Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Kshudiram Naskar
- Infectious Disease and Immunology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Pijush Kanti Pramanik
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Tapati Chakraborti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India.
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Chaweeborisuit P, Suriyonplengsaeng C, Suphamungmee W, Sobhon P, Meemon K. Nematicidal effect of plumbagin on Caenorhabditis elegans: a model for testing a nematicidal drug. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 71:121-31. [PMID: 27140303 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2015-0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Plumbagin, (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone), a natural substance found in the roots of plant species in the genus Plumbago, has been used as a traditional medicine against many diseases. In this study, Caenorhabditis elegans was used as a model for testing the anthelmintic effect of plumbagin. The compound exhibited a nematicidal effect against all stages of C. elegans: L4 was least susceptible, while L1 was most susceptible to plumbagin with an LC(50) of 220 and 156 μM, respectively. Plumbagin inhibited C. elegans development from L1 to adult stages with an IC(50) of 235 μM, and body length was also reduced at concentrations of 25 and 50 μg/ml. Brood sizes decreased from 203±6 to 43±6 and 18±3 eggs per hatch in plumbagin-treated worms at 10, 25, 50 μg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, plumbagin was lethal to strains resistant to the nematicides levamisole, albendazole, and ivermectin, indicating that it possesses a strong and unique nematicidal action. Plumbagin decreased the number of mitochondria in hypodermal and intestinal cells and body wall muscles and damaged the ultrastructure of these tissues. Taken together, plumbagin may be a new drug against parasitic nematodes.
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73
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MELO NETO BERNARDO, LEITÃO JOSEANAM, OLIVEIRA LUCIANOG, SANTOS SÉRGIOE, CARNEIRO SABRINAM, RODRIGUES KLINGERA, CHAVES MARIANAH, ARCANJO DANIELD, CARVALHO FERNANDOA. Inhibitory effects of Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam. (Rutaceae) against the infection and infectivity of macrophages by Leishmania amazonensis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 88:1851-1861. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201620150131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam. (Rutaceae) has been traditionally used in the treatment of microbial infections and parasitic diseases. In the present study, the antileishmanial effect induced by the ethanol extract of stem barks from Z. rhoifolium (ZR-EEtOH) and its n-hexane fraction (ZR-FHEX) on infection and infectivity of murine macrophages by promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis were investigated. In different set of experiments, macrophages or promastigotes were pretreated with ZR-EEtOH or ZR-FHEX at non-lethal concentrations for 24 hours, and then macrophages were submitted to infection by promastigotes. Moreover, their effects on activation of macrophages, as well as on the DNA content, size and number of promastigotes by flow cytometry were also evaluated. The infection rate and the number of internalized amastigote forms were markedly decreased after pretreatment of macrophages or promastigotes when compared with non-treated cells. The increase in phagocytic capability and nitrite content was also observed. Furthermore, the decrease of DNA content, size and number of promastigotes was also observed. In conclusion, ZR-EEtOH and ZR-FHEX promoted a markedly significant antileishmanial effect and reduction of infection of macrophages, probably underlying defense mechanisms activation in macrophages. These findings reinforce the potential application of Z. rhoifolium in the treatment of leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - DANIEL D.R. ARCANJO
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Piauí, Brazil
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74
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Treatment with synthetic lipophilic tyrosyl ester controls Leishmania major infection by reducing parasite load in BALB/c mice. Parasitology 2016; 143:1615-21. [PMID: 27312247 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182016001086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Synthesized lipophilic tyrosyl ester derivatives with increasing lipophilicity were effective against Leishmania (L.) major and Leishmania infantum species in vitro. These findings prompted us to test in vivo leishmanicidal properties of these molecules and their potential effect on the modulation of immune responses. The experimental BALB/c model of cutaneous leishmaniasis was used in this study. Mice were infected with L. major parasites and treated with three in vitro active tyrosyl esters derivatives. Among these tested tyrosylcaprate (TyC) compounds, only TyC10 exhibited an in vivo anti-leishmanial activity, when injected sub-cutaneously (s.c.). TyC10 treatment of L. major-infected BALB/c mice resulted in a decrease of lesion development and parasite load. TyC10 s.c. treatment of non-infected mice induced an imbalance in interferon γ/interleukin 4 (IFN-γ/IL-4) ratio cytokines towards a Th1 response. Our results indicate that TyC10 s.c. treatment improves lesions' healing and parasite clearance and may act on the cytokine balance towards a Th1 protective response by decreasing IL-4 and increasing IFN-γ transcripts. TyC10 is worthy of further investigation to uncover its mechanism of action that could lead to consider this molecule as a potential drug candidate.
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75
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Antileishmanial and immunomodulatory potential of Ocimumsanctum Linn. and Cocosnucifera Linn. in murine visceral leishmaniasis. J Parasit Dis 2016; 41:76-85. [PMID: 28316391 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-016-0753-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of immunomodulation in the therapeutic treatment of visceral leishmaniasis has gained eminence in view of moderate to severe drawbacks of the currently available drugs like toxicity, drug resistance and prohibitive costs. The potential for modulation of the immune system of many herbal plants can be tapped to address these problems. We conducted the present research study to investigate the antileishmanial and immunomodulatory effects of Ocimum sanctum Linn. and Cocos nucifera Linn. during the progression of visceral leishmaniasis in BALB/c mouse model. The IC50 values of the ethanolic leaf extract of O. sanctum and that of the aqueous husk-fibre extract of C. nucifera against the sodium stibogluconate (SSG) susceptible strain (MHOM/IN/80/Dd8) were found to be 73.3 and 62 µg/ml respectively. On treatment of infected BALB/c mice with the extracts, we observed a reduction in hepatic parasite load by 43.63 % (O. sanctum), 65.42 % (C. nucifera) and 75.61 % (O. sanctum + C. nucifera) at 1st post treatment day (p.t.d.), while at 15th p.t.d., the reduction was 73.61 % (O. sanctum), 76.59 % (C. nucifera) and 94.12 % (O. sanctum + C. nucifera). This was accompanied by an up-scaling of the DTH response, skewing of the humoral response towards Th1 type and hepatoprotection in the form of normalization of liver function tests. Overall, administration of the extracts of these two plants in combination as compared to their administration alone rescued the affected mice from the disease greatly, which can be attributed to their antileishmanial and immunomodulatory activities.
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76
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Rozmer Z, Perjési P. Naturally occurring chalcones and their biological activities. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2016. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-014-9387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
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Melo TS, Gattass CR, Soares DC, Cunha MR, Ferreira C, Tavares MT, Saraiva E, Parise-Filho R, Braden H, Delorenzi JC. Oleanolic acid (OA) as an antileishmanial agent: Biological evaluation and in silico mechanistic insights. Parasitol Int 2016; 65:227-37. [PMID: 26772973 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although a worldwide health problem, leishmaniasis is considered a highly neglected disease, lacking efficient and low toxic treatment. The efforts for new drug development are based on alternatives such as new uses for well-known drugs, in silico and synthetic studies and naturally derived compounds. Oleanolic acid (OA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid widely distributed throughout the Plantae kingdom that displays several pharmacological activities. OA showed potent leishmancidal effects in different Leishmania species, both against promastigotes (IC(50 L. braziliensis) 30.47 ± 6.35 μM; IC(50 L. amazonensis) 40.46 ± 14.21 μM; IC(50 L. infantum) 65.93 ± 15.12 μM) and amastigotes (IC(50 L. braziliensis) 68.75 ± 16.55 μM; IC(50 L. amazonensis) 38.45 ± 12.05 μM; IC(50 L. infantum) 64.08 ± 23.52 μM), with low cytotoxicity against mouse peritoneal macrophages (CC(50) 235.80 ± 36.95 μM). Moreover, in silico studies performed to evaluate OA molecular properties and to elucidate the possible mechanism of action over the Leishmania enzyme sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) suggested that OA interacts efficiently with CYP51 and could inhibit the ergosterol synthesis pathway. Collectively, these data indicate that OA is a good candidate as leading compound for the development of a new leishmaniasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahira Souza Melo
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cerli Rocha Gattass
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Deivid Costa Soares
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Micael Rodrigues Cunha
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratório de Planejamento e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LAPESSB), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christian Ferreira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maurício Temotheo Tavares
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LAPESSB), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elvira Saraiva
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberto Parise-Filho
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LAPESSB), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hannah Braden
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo, Brazil; Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States of America
| | - Jan Carlo Delorenzi
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Olivier DK, Van Vuuren SF, Moteetee AN. Annickia affinis and A. chlorantha (Enantia chlorantha)--A review of two closely related medicinal plants from tropical Africa. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 176:438-462. [PMID: 26481608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Annickia affinis (Exell) Versteegh & Sosef, closely related to A. chlorantha Setten & P.J.Maas (both species also referred to as Enantia chlorantha Oliv.), from the Annonaceae family, are multi-purpose medicinal plants used widely across tropical Africa. The two Annickia species are morphologically distinct from each other and have different distribution patterns, but are frequently confused. Furthermore, the name Enantia chlorantha is an illegitimate name, but is still used today. MATERIALS AND METHODS A review of the literature was undertaken and an in-depth analysis of previous research and future prospectives are considered. While a myriad of publications cite the species "Enantia chlorantha", this is not the case for A. affinis and A. chlorantha, and no reviews are available for any of the species to date. Consequently, a summary of their ethnobotany, phytochemistry and biological properties is presented here (for the period 1933 - November 2014) in order to substantiate their traditional importance as medicines for rural people in Africa. RESULTS To this effect, these species seem to be the preferred traditional treatments for malaria in tropical Africa, an area suffering heavily under the malaria pandemic. Their chemical composition is dominated particularly by various isoquinoline alkaloids, as well as by acetogenins and sesquiterpenes, which have been isolated from the bark and leaves. All three of these classes of compounds have been reported to exhibit noteworthy biological activity. CONCLUSIONS Due to their widespread use, especially of the bark, these species have already been categorized as threatened with extinction. Consequently this study further aims to identify areas where more research needs to be conducted involving these important species, and also to suggest possible means of increasing the biological activities of their extracts as a way to conserve the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Olivier
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa
| | - S F Van Vuuren
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
| | - A N Moteetee
- Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, Cnr Kingsway and University Road, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Leishmanicidal Activity of (+)-Phyllanthidine and the Phytochemical Profile of Margaritaria nobilis (Phyllanthaceae). Molecules 2015; 20:22157-69. [PMID: 26690400 PMCID: PMC6332510 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of the Securinega alkaloid (+)-phyllanthidine on Leishmania (L.) amazonensis and the first chemical investigation of Margaritaria nobilis L.f. (Phyllanthaceae) are described. Treating the parasites with this alkaloid caused a dose-dependent reduction in promastigote growth of 67.68% (IC50 82.37 μg/mL or 353 µM) and in amastigote growth of 83.96% (IC50 49.11 μg/mL or 210 µM), together with ultrastructural alterations in the promastigotes. No cytotoxic effect was detected in mammalian cells (CC50 1727.48 µg/mL or CC50 5268 µM). Classical chromatographic techniques and spectral methods led to the isolation and identification of betulinic acid, kaempferol, corilagin, gallic acid and its methyl ester, besides (+)-phyllanthidine from M. nobilis leaves and stems. Margaritaria nobilis is another source of the small group of Securinega alkaloids, together with other Phyllanthaceae (Euphorbiaceae s.l.) species. The low toxicity to macrophages and the effects against promastigotes and amastigotes are suggestive that (+)-phyllanthidine could be a promising antileishmanial agent for treating cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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80
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Chouhan G, Islamuddin M, Want MY, Ozbak HA, Hemeg HA, Sahal D, Afrin F. Leishmanicidal Activity of Piper nigrum Bioactive Fractions is Interceded via Apoptosis In Vitro and Substantiated by Th1 Immunostimulatory Potential In Vivo. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1368. [PMID: 26696979 PMCID: PMC4672717 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a life-threatening protozoal infection chiefly impinging the rural and poor population in the tropical and sub-tropical countries. The deadly affliction is rapidly expanding after its association with AIDS, swiftly defying its status of a neglected disease. Despite successful formulation of vaccine against canine leishmaniasis, no licensed vaccine is yet available for human VL, chemotherapy is in appalling state, and the development of new candidate drugs has been painfully slow. In face of lack of proper incentives, immunostimulatory plant preparations owing antileishmanial efficacy bear potential to rejuvenate awful antileishmanial chemotherapy. We have earlier reported profound leishmanicidal activity of Piper nigrum hexane (PNH) seeds and P. nigrum ethanolic (PNE) fractions derived from P. nigrum seeds against Leishmania donovani promastigotes and amastigotes. In the present study, we illustrate that the remarkable anti-promastigote activity exhibited by PNH and PNE is mediated via apoptosis as evidenced by phosphatidylserine externalization, DNA fragmentation, arrest in sub G0/G1 phase, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and generation of reactive oxygen species. Further, P. nigrum bioactive fractions rendered significant protection to L. donovani infected BALB/c mice in comparison to piperine, a known compound present in Piper species. The substantial therapeutic potential of PNH and PNE was accompanied by elicitation of cell-mediated immune response. The bioactive fractions elevated the secretion of Th1 (INF-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2) cytokines and declined IL-4 and IL-10. PNH and PNE enhanced the production of IgG2a, upregulated the expression of co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86, augmented splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cell population, induced strong lymphoproliferative and DTH responses and partially stimulated NO production. PNH and PNE were devoid of any hepatic or renal toxicity. These encouraging findings merit further exploration of P. nigrum bioactive fractions as a source of potent and non-toxic antileishmanials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Chouhan
- Parasite Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Islamuddin
- Parasite Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) New Delhi, India
| | - Muzamil Y Want
- Parasite Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) New Delhi, India
| | - Hani A Ozbak
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Hemeg
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dinkar Sahal
- Malaria Research Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology New Delhi, India
| | - Farhat Afrin
- Parasite Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University) New Delhi, India ; Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University Medina, Saudi Arabia
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81
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Efferth T, Zacchino S, Georgiev MI, Liu L, Wagner H, Panossian A. Nobel Prize for artemisinin brings phytotherapy into the spotlight. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 22:A1-A3. [PMID: 26563851 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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82
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Cardoso BM, de Mello TFP, Lopes SN, Demarchi IG, Lera DSL, Pedroso RB, Cortez DA, Gazim ZC, Aristides SMA, Silveira TGV, Lonardoni MVC. Antileishmanial activity of the essential oil from Tetradenia riparia obtained in different seasons. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 110:1024-34. [PMID: 26602873 PMCID: PMC4708023 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760150290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The herbaceous shrub Tetradenia riparia has been traditionally used
to treat inflammatory and infectious diseases. Recently, a study showed that
T. riparia essential oil (TrEO) obtained in summer has
antileishmanial effects, although these results could be influenced by seasonal
variation. This study evaluated the activity of the TrEO obtained in different
seasons against Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, in vitro and in
vivo. The compounds in the TrEO were analysed by gas chromatography-mass
spectrometry; terpenoids were present and oxygenated sesquiterpenes were the majority
compounds (55.28%). The cytotoxicity and nitric oxide (NO) production were also
tested after TrEO treatment. The TrEO from all seasons showed a 50% growth inhibitory
concentration for promastigotes of about 15 ng/mL; at 30 ng/mL and 3 ng/mL, the TrEO
reduced intracellular amastigote infection, independently of season. The TrEO from
plants harvested in summer had the highest 50% cytotoxic concentration, 1,476 ng/mL
for J774.A1 macrophages, and in spring (90.94 ng/mL) for murine macrophages. NO
production did not change in samples of the TrEO from different seasons. The
antileishmanial effect in vivo consisted of a reduction of the parasite load in the
spleen. These results suggest that the TrEO has potential effects on L. (L.)
amazonensis, consonant with its traditional use to treat parasitic
diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Muller Cardoso
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | | | - Sara Negrão Lopes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - Izabel Galhardo Demarchi
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | | | - Raíssa Bocchi Pedroso
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
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The effect of the phytol-rich fraction from Lacistema pubescens against Leishmania amazonensis is mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction. Exp Parasitol 2015; 159:143-50. [PMID: 26424529 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a complex disease caused by protozoan parasite Leishmania and the treatment remains a serious problem since the available drugs exhibited high toxicity and side effects. Plant-derived natural products are promising leads for the development of novel chemotherapeutics. In this work the phytol-rich hexane fraction (PRF) from the leaves of Lacistema pubescens was obtained and identified by GC-MS analysis. When assayed for antileishmanial effects, PRF was active against promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis (IC50 values of 44.0 and 25.8 μg/mL respectively). Furthermore, PRF did not show significant cytotoxicity on peritoneal macrophages being more destructive to the intracellular parasite than to mammalian cells. In addition, possible targets of PRF were investigated against L. amazonensis promastigotes. The results showed that PRF exerted its antipromastigote activity by marked depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential followed by the increase of ROS levels in L. amazonensis promastigotes. During these events, no rupture of the cell membrane integrity was observed. Our results indicated that PRF was effective and selective against L. amazonensis, and that this effect was mainly mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction associated to ROS production.
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84
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da Silva RRP, da Silva BJM, Rodrigues APD, Farias LHS, da Silva MN, Alves DTV, Bastos GNT, do Nascimento JLM, Silva EO. In vitro biological action of aqueous extract from roots of Physalis angulata against Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015. [PMID: 26205771 PMCID: PMC4513958 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0717-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by various species of the protozoan parasites of the Leishmania genus and transmitted by phlebotomine sandflies. The protozoa multiply in phagocytic cells, mainly macrophages, which play an important role defending the organism from pathogens. The most effective treatment for leishmaniasis is the chemotherapy and besides the high cost, these drugs are toxic and require a long period of treatment. Currently, some herbal products are considered an important alternative source of a new leishmanicidal agent, which includes the plant Physalis angulata, . We evaluated effects of an aqueous extract from roots of Physalis angulata (AEPa) on Leishmania proliferation, morphology and also determined whether physalins were present in the extract contributing to the knowledge of its pharmacological efficacy. METHODS Morphological alterations were determined by light microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Host cell viability was evaluated by MTT, and propidium iodide. AEPa were submitted in full HRESITOF analysis. RESULTS AEPa promoted a dose-dependent reduction on promastigotes (IC50 = 39.5 μg/mL ± 5.1) and amastigotes (IC50 = 43.4 μg/mL ± 10.1) growth. This growth inhibition was associated with several morphological alterations observed in promastigote forms. No cytotoxic effect in mammalian cells was detected (IC50 > 4000 μg/mL). Furthemore, the presence of physalins A, B, D, E, F, G and H were described, for the first time, in the P. angulata root. CONCLUSIONS Results demonstrate that AEPa effectively promotes antileishmanial activity with several important morphological alterations and has no cytotoxic effects on host cells.
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85
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Pulivarthi D, Steinberg KM, Monzote L, Piñón A, Setzer WN. Antileishmanial Activity of Compounds Isolated from Sassafras albidum. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501000723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by Leishmania parasitic protozoa, which currently lacks efficient treatment. Natural products have shown promise as a potential source for antiprotozoal drugs. This work focuses on the antileishmanial potential of Sassafras albidum (Lauraceae) bark extract. The crude bark extract of S. albidum showed excellent antileishmanial activity with an IC50 value less than 12.5 μg/mL against promastigotes of L. amazonensis. The chloroform stem bark extract of S. albidum was subjected to preparative column chromatography. Five compounds were isolated, purified by recrystallization, and identified as sesamin, spinescin, β-sitosterol, hexatriacontanal, and 1-triacontanol. Antileishmanial and cytotoxic screening were performed on these compounds. Sesamin exhibited the best activity against L. amazonensis with an IC50 of 15.8 μg/mL and was not cytotoxic to mouse macrophage cells ( CC50 > 100 μg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Pulivarthi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - Kelly Marie Steinberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - Lianet Monzote
- Parasitology Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine “Pedro Kouri”, 10400 Havana, Cuba
| | - Abel Piñón
- Parasitology Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine “Pedro Kouri”, 10400 Havana, Cuba
| | - William N. Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
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86
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Bafghi AF, Bagheri SM, Hejazian SH. Antileishmanial activity of Ferula assa-foetida oleo gum resin against Leishmania major: An in vitro study. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2015; 5:223-6. [PMID: 25624696 PMCID: PMC4296434 DOI: 10.4103/0975-9476.146567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In Ayurveda, asafetida is introduced as a valuable remedy for flatulence, hysteria, nervous disorders, whooping cough, pneumonia and bronchitis in children and also considered as an aphrodisiac agent. Presently, Leishmaniasis is common in most countries of the world and is a serious health problem in the world. Some plant medicines and natural products have a new candidate for treatment of leishmaniasis. Objective: This study was designed to evaluate Ferula assa-foetida oleo gum resin (asafetida) on mortality and morbidity Leishmania major in vitro. Materials and Methods: Mostigotes were isolated from mice spleens and then transformed to promastigotes in Novy-Nicolle-Mac Neal (NNN medium supplemented with penicillin (100 U/ml), streptomycin (100 μg/ml) and 20% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum (FCS) at 25°C. A fixed initial density of the parasites was transferred to screw-capped vials containing 5 ml of RPMI1640 media to which different concentrations of 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 μg asafetida were added and each concentration was done in triplicates. Each run also included control. The mortality of parasitoids was measured by the slide and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. Results: After 72 h, asafetida inhibited growth of parasites in all doses in stationary and logarithmic phases. The ELISA measurement suggested that the viability of parasites significantly decreased after 48h (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results show that asafetida could prevent from growth and viability of parasites and this oleo gum resin can be useful for treatment of leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fatahi Bafghi
- Department of Parasitoloy, Shahid Sadoghi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyyed Majid Bagheri
- Department of Physiology, Shahid Sadoghi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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87
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Nagle A, Khare S, Kumar AB, Supek F, Buchynskyy A, Mathison CJN, Chennamaneni N, Pendem N, Buckner FS, Gelb M, Molteni V. Recent developments in drug discovery for leishmaniasis and human African trypanosomiasis. Chem Rev 2014; 114:11305-47. [PMID: 25365529 PMCID: PMC4633805 DOI: 10.1021/cr500365f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Advait
S. Nagle
- Genomics
Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Shilpi Khare
- Genomics
Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Arun Babu Kumar
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Medicine, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Frantisek Supek
- Genomics
Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Andriy Buchynskyy
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Medicine, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Casey J. N. Mathison
- Genomics
Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Naveen
Kumar Chennamaneni
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Medicine, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Nagendar Pendem
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Medicine, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Frederick S. Buckner
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Medicine, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Michael
H. Gelb
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Medicine, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Valentina Molteni
- Genomics
Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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88
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Monzote L, Piñón A, Setzer WN. Antileishmanial Potential of Tropical Rainforest Plant Extracts. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2014; 1:32-55. [PMID: 28933376 PMCID: PMC5532977 DOI: 10.3390/medicines1010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A total of 115 different plant extracts from our collection, representing 96 plant species, have been evaluated for in vitro antileishmanial activity against L. amazonensis promastigotes. In addition, the extracts were screened for cytotoxic activity against BALB/c mouse macrophages in order to assess a selectivity index. Crude extracts that showed a selectivity index (CC50 for macrophage / IC50 for promastigotes) ³ 5 or with IC50 < 12.5 μg/mL against promastigotes, a total of 28 extracts, were further screened for anti-amastigote activity. A total of 25 extracts showed promising activity against L. amazonensis promastigotes with low cytotoxic activity. Ten of these extracts showed selectivity indices, (CC50 for macrophages / IC50 for amastigotes) greater than 10 and are considered "hits", worthy candidates for further phytochemical exploration: Conostegia xalapensis methanol bark extract, Endiandra palmerstonii bark extract, Eugenia monteverdensis acetone bark extract, Eugenia sp. "fine leaf" acetone bark extract, Exothea paniculata chloroform bark extract, Mallotus paniculatus ethanol bark extract, Matelea pseudobarbata ethanol extract, Quercus insignis ethanol bark extract, Sassafras albidum dichloromethane bark extract, and Stemmadenia donnell-smithii acetone bark extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianet Monzote
- Parasitology Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine "Pedro Kouri", 10400 Havana, Cuba.
| | - Abel Piñón
- Parasitology Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine "Pedro Kouri", 10400 Havana, Cuba.
| | - William N Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA.
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89
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Paik D, Das P, De T, Chakraborti T. In vitro anti-leishmanial efficacy of potato tuber extract (PTEx): Leishmanial serine protease(s) as putative target. Exp Parasitol 2014; 146:11-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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90
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Hussain H, Al-Harrasi A, Al-Rawahi A, Green IR, Gibbons S. Fruitful decade for antileishmanial compounds from 2002 to late 2011. Chem Rev 2014; 114:10369-428. [PMID: 25253511 DOI: 10.1021/cr400552x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hidayat Hussain
- UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa , P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
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91
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Kharrat N, Aissa I, Sghaier M, Bouaziz M, Sellami M, Laouini D, Gargouri Y. Lipophilization of ascorbic acid: a monolayer study and biological and antileishmanial activities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:9118-9127. [PMID: 25148258 DOI: 10.1021/jf5029398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbyl lipophilic derivatives (Asc-C2 to Asc-C(18:1)) were synthesized in a good yield using lipase from Staphylococcus xylosus produced in our laboratory and immobilized onto silica aerogel. Results showed that esterification had little effect on radical-scavenging capacity of purified ascorbyl esters using DPPH assay in ethanol. However, long chain fatty acid esters displayed higher protection of target lipids from oxidation. Moreover, compared to ascorbic acid, synthesized derivatives exhibited an antibacterial effect. Furthermore, ascorbyl derivatives were evaluated, for the first time, for their antileishmanial effects against visceral (Leishmania infantum) and cutaneous parasites (Leishmania major). Among all the tested compounds, only Asc-C10, Asc-C12, and Asc-C(18:1) exhibited antileishmanial activities. The interaction of ascorbyl esters with a phospholipid monolayer showed that only medium and unsaturated long chain (Asc-C10 to Asc-C(18:1)) derivative esters were found to interact efficiently with mimetic membrane of leishmania. These properties would make ascorbyl derivatives good candidates to be used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical lipophilic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Kharrat
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, ENIS, Université de Sfax , Route de Soukra, BPW 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
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92
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Ghribia L, Ghouilaa H, Omrib A, Besbesb M, Janneta HB. Antioxidant and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities of extracts and secondary metabolites from Acacia cyanophylla. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014; 4:S417-23. [PMID: 25183120 DOI: 10.12980/apjtb.4.2014c1038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the antioxidant potential and anti-acetycholinesterase activity of compounds and extracts from Acacia cyanophylla (A. cyanophylla). METHODS Three polyphenolic compounds were isolated from ethyl acetate extract of A. cyanophylla flowers. They have been identified as isosalipurposide 1, quercetin 2 and naringenin 3. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR experiments as well as ES-MS. The prepared extracts and the isolated compounds 1-3 were tested for their antioxidant activity using 1'-1'-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) scavenging assays and reducing power. They have been also investigated for inhibitory effect against acetylcholinesterase using the microplate assay. RESULTS In the DPPH test, the EtOAc extract of flowers exhibited the highest antioxidant effect (67.26 µg/mL). Isosalipurposide 1 showed a significant antiradical power against DPPH (81.9 µg/mL). All extracts showed a dose-dependent acetylcholinesterase inhibition. In terms of the IC50 value, the butanolic extract (16.03 µg/mL) was the most potent sample. Isosalipurposide 1 was found to be active against AChE with an IC50 value of 52.04 µg/mL. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated the important antioxidant and anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of pure compounds and extracts from A. cyanophylla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotfi Ghribia
- Laboratoire de Chimie hétérocyclique, Produits Naturels et Réactivité. Equipe: Chimie Médicinale et Produits Naturels. Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Université de Monastir 5019, Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Hatem Ghouilaa
- Laboratoire de Chimie hétérocyclique, Produits Naturels et Réactivité. Equipe: Chimie Médicinale et Produits Naturels. Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Université de Monastir 5019, Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Amel Omrib
- Laboratoire des Maladies Transmissibles et des Substances Biologiquement Actives, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5000 Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Malek Besbesb
- Laboratoire des Maladies Transmissibles et des Substances Biologiquement Actives, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5000 Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Hichem Ben Janneta
- Laboratoire de Chimie hétérocyclique, Produits Naturels et Réactivité. Equipe: Chimie Médicinale et Produits Naturels. Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Université de Monastir 5019, Monastir, Tunisie
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Yang F, Long E, Wen J, Cao L, Zhu C, Hu H, Ruan Y, Okanurak K, Hu H, Wei X, Yang X, Wang C, Zhang L, Wang X, Ji P, Zheng H, Wu Z, Lv Z. Linalool, derived from Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl leaf extracts, possesses molluscicidal activity against Oncomelania hupensis and inhibits infection of Schistosoma japonicum. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:407. [PMID: 25174934 PMCID: PMC4158126 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis japonicum remains a considerable economic and public health concern in China, the Philippines and Indonesia. Currently available measures to control the unique intermediate host Oncomelania hupensis are frequently associated with severe side effects. Previous studies have demonstrated that linalool-rich extracts from various plants exhibited promising biological activities including cytotoxic, anti-microbial and anti-parasitic properties. METHODS We identified the components of leaf extracts from Cinnamomum camphora by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and investigated molluscicidal and larvicidal effects of linalool against O. hupensis and Schistosoma japonicium. The ultrastructural alterations in gills, salivary gland, stomach and hepatopancreas of snails were observed under the light microscope and transmission electron microscope, and lesions to tegument of cercaria were examined under a light microscope and fluorescence microscope. We then evaluated the effects of linalool on skin penetration and migration of schistosomula and adult survival by measurement of worm burden and egg counts in Balb/C mice infected with linalool-treated cercariae. RESULTS In the present work, 44 components were identified from the leaf extracts of C. camphora, of which linalool was the most abundant constituent. Linalool exhibited the striking molluscicidal and larvicidal effects with LC50 = 0.25 mg/L for O. hupensis and LC50 = 0.07 mg/L for cercaria of S. japonicium. After exposure to linalool, damage to the gills and hepatopancreas of the snails, and to the tegument and body-tail joint of cercariae was apparent. In addition, linalool markedly reduced the recovered schistosomulum from mouse skin after challenge infection, and therefore decreased the worm burden in infected animals, but not fecundity of female adults of the parasite. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that linalool might be a novel chemotherapeutic agent against S. japonicium and the snail intermediate host.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhongdao Wu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Rabito MF, Britta EA, Pelegrini BL, Scariot DB, Almeida MB, Nixdorf SL, Nakamura CV, Ferreira ICP. In vitro and in vivo antileishmania activity of sesquiterpene lactone-rich dichloromethane fraction obtained from Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz-Bip. Exp Parasitol 2014; 143:18-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2014.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Chemical composition, leishmanicidal and cytotoxic activities of the essential oils from Mangifera indica L. var. Rosa and Espada. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:734946. [PMID: 25136617 PMCID: PMC4124710 DOI: 10.1155/2014/734946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The essential oils from Mangifera indica var. Rosa and Espada latex were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed using GC-FID and GC-MS. Twenty-seven components were identified. The main compound in the essential oil from M. indica var. Espada (EOMiE) was terpinolene (73.6%). The essential oil of M. indica var. Rosa (EOMiR) was characterized by high amounts of β-pinene (40.7%) and terpinolene (28.3%). In the test for leishmanicidal activity against promastigotes forms of L. amazonensis, EOMiR and EOMiE showed IC50 (72 h) of 39.1 and 23.0 μg/mL, respectively. In macrophages, EOMiR and EOMiE showed CC50 of 142.84 and 158.65 μg/mL, respectively. However, both were more specific to the parasite than macrophages, with values of selectivity index of 6.91 for EOMiE and 3.66 for EOMiR. The essential oils were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against the human tumor cells HEp-2, HT-29, NCI-H292, and HL-60. The EOMiR and EOMiE were most effective against the HL-60, with IC50 values of 12.3 and 3.6 μg/mL, respectively. The results demonstrated that the essential oils of M. indica can destroy L. amazonensis and inhibit tumor cell growth. These findings contribute to the knowledge of the Brazilian biodiversity as a source of potential therapeutic agents.
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96
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Tiuman TS, Ueda-Nakamura T, Alonso A, Nakamura CV. Cell death in amastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis induced by parthenolide. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:152. [PMID: 24913205 PMCID: PMC4067685 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-14-152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leishmania amazonensis infection results in diverse clinical manifestations: cutaneous, mucocutaneous or visceral leishmaniasis. The arsenal of drugs available for treating Leishmania infections is limited. Therefore, new, effective, and less toxic leishmaniasis treatments are still needed. We verified cell death in amastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis induced by the sesquiterpene lactone parthenolide. Results The tested compound was able to concentration-dependently affect axenic and intracellular amastigotes, with IC50 values of 1.3 μM and 2.9 μM, respectively after 72 h incubation. No genotoxic effects were observed in a micronucleus test in mice. Parthenolide induced morphological and ultrastructural changes in axenic amastigotes, including a loss of membrane integrity, swelling of the mitochondrion, cytoplasmic vacuoles, and intense exocytic activity in the region of the flagellar pocket. These results led us to investigate the occurrence of autophagic vacuoles with monodansylcadaverine and the integrity of the plasma membrane and mitochondrial membrane potential using flow cytometry. In all of the tests, parthenolide had positive results. Conclusions Our results indicate that the antileishmanial action of parthenolide is associated with autophagic vacuole appearance, a reduction of fluidity, a loss of membrane integrity, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Considering the limited repertoire of existing antileishmanial compounds, the products derived from medicinal plants has been one the greatest advances to help develop new chemotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Celso Vataru Nakamura
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av, Colombo 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
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97
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Mukhopadhyay D, Saha P, Chatterjee M. Targets for immunochemotherapy in leishmaniasis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 10:261-4. [DOI: 10.1586/eri.12.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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de Toledo JS, Junior PES, Manfrim V, Pinzan CF, de Araujo AS, Cruz AK, Emery FS. Synthesis, cytotoxicity and in vitro antileishmanial activity of naphthothiazoles. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 81:749-56. [PMID: 23421616 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The leishmaniasis is a spectral disease caused by the protozoan Leishmania spp., which threatens millions of people worldwide. Current treatments exhibit high toxicity, and there is no vaccine available. The need for new lead compounds with leishmanicidal activity is urgent. Considering that many lead leishmanicidal compounds contain a quinoidal scaffold and the thiazole heterocyclic ring is found in a number of antimicrobial drugs, we proposed a hybridization approach to generate a diverse set of semi-synthetic heterocycles with antileishmanial activity. We found that almost all synthesized compounds demonstrated potent activity against promastigotes of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and reduced the survival index of Leishmania amastigotes in mammalian macrophages. Furthermore, the compounds were not cytotoxic to macrophages at fivefold higher concentrations than the EC50 for promastigotes. All molecules fulfilled Lipinski's Rule of Five, which predicts efficient orally absorption and permeation through biological membranes, the in silico pharmacokinetic profile confirmed these characteristics. The potent and selective activity of semi-synthetic naphthothiazoles against promastigotes and amastigotes reveals that the 2-amino-naphthothiazole ring may represent a scaffold for the design of compounds with leishmanicidal properties and encourage the development of drug formulation and new compounds for further studies in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano S de Toledo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
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Chouhan G, Islamuddin M, Ahmad F, Sahal D, Afrin F. Antileishmanial Potential of <i>Piper</i> <i>nigrum</i> Seed Extracts against <i>Leishmania</i> <i>donovani</i>. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/ojmm.2014.44025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Teixeira TL, Teixeira SC, da Silva CV, de Souza MA. Potential therapeutic use of herbal extracts in trypanosomiasis. Pathog Glob Health 2014; 108:30-6. [PMID: 24548158 PMCID: PMC4083165 DOI: 10.1179/2047773213y.0000000120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of crude extracts from Handroanthus impetiginosa, Ageratum conyzoides, and Ruta graveolens on Leishmania amazonensis and Trypanosoma cruzi infection in vitro. The results showed that the extracts caused significant toxicity in promastigotes and trypomastigotes. A significant decrease in the rate of cell invasion by pretreated trypomastigotes and promastigotes was also observed. The extracts caused a significant reduction of the multiplication of intracellular amastigotes of both parasites. Therefore, these herbal extracts may be potential candidates for the development of drugs for the treatment of leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaise L Teixeira
- Laboratório de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal De Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Samuel Cota Teixeira
- Laboratório de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal De Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Claudio Vieira da Silva
- Laboratório de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal De Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria A de Souza
- Laboratório de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal De Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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