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Songoen W, Phanchai W, Brecker L, Wenisch D, Jakupec MA, Pluempanupat W, Schinnerl J. Highly Aromatic Flavan-3-ol Derivatives from Palaeotropical Artocarpus lacucha Buch.-Ham Possess Radical Scavenging and Antiproliferative Properties. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041078. [PMID: 33670764 PMCID: PMC7922997 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of leaves and stembark of Artocarpus lacucha collected in Thailand resulted in three yet undescribed isomeric flavan-3-ol derivatives (1–3), the four known compounds gambircatechol (4), (+)-catechin (5), (+)-afzelechin (6) and the stilbene oxyresveratrol (7). Compounds 1 to 3 feature 6/6/5/6/5/6 core structures. All structures were deduced by NMR and MS, while density functional theory (DFT) calculations on B3LYP theory level were performed of compounds 1 to 3 to support the stereochemistry in positions 2 and 3 in the C-ring. Possible biosynthetic pathways leading to 4 are discussed. The DPPH assay revealed high radical scavenging activities for 1 (EC50 = 9.4 ± 1.0 µmol mL−1), 2 (12.2 ± 1.1), 3 (10.0 ± 1.5) and 4 (19.0 ± 2.6), remarkably lower than ascorbic acid (EC50 = 34.9) and α-tocopherol (EC50 = 48.6). A cytotoxicity assay revealed moderate but consistent antiproliferative properties of 1 in CH1/PA-1 (ovarian teratocarcinoma) and SW480 (colon carcinoma) cells, with IC50 values of 25 ± 6 and 34 ± 4 µM, respectively, whereas effects in A549 (non-small cell lung cancer) cells were rather negligible. The performed DCFH-DA assay of 1 in the former cell lines confirmed potent antioxidative effects even in the cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weerasak Songoen
- Special Research Unit for Advanced Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Witthawat Phanchai
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Lothar Brecker
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Dominik Wenisch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.W.); (M.A.J.)
| | - Michael A. Jakupec
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.W.); (M.A.J.)
| | - Wanchai Pluempanupat
- Special Research Unit for Advanced Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
- Correspondence: (W.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Johann Schinnerl
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Faculty of Life Science, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: (W.P.); (J.S.)
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Abstract
A protocol for photoinduced cross-coupling of aryl iodides having polar π-functional groups or elongated π-conjugation with alkenes has been developed. The radical cascade mechanism involving generation of aryl radicals via C-I bond homolysis of photoexcited aryl iodides and their subsequent addition to alkenes is proposed. The method enables iodide-selective cross-coupling over other halogen leaving groups with functional group compatibility on both arene and alkene motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Haoyu Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Shunsuke Chiba
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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Šamec D, Karalija E, Šola I, Vujčić Bok V, Salopek-Sondi B. The Role of Polyphenols in Abiotic Stress Response: The Influence of Molecular Structure. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:118. [PMID: 33430128 PMCID: PMC7827553 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stressors such as extreme temperatures, drought, flood, light, salt, and heavy metals alter biological diversity and crop production worldwide. Therefore, it is important to know the mechanisms by which plants cope with stress conditions. Polyphenols, which are the largest group of plant-specialized metabolites, are generally recognized as molecules involved in stress protection in plants. This diverse group of metabolites contains various structures, from simple forms consisting of one aromatic ring to more complex ones consisting of large number of polymerized molecules. Consequently, all these molecules, depending on their structure, may show different roles in plant growth, development, and stress protection. In the present review, we aimed to summarize data on how different polyphenol structures influence their biological activity and their roles in abiotic stress responses. We focused our review on phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenoids, and lignans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunja Šamec
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Erna Karalija
- Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33–35, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Ivana Šola
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.Š.); (V.V.B.)
| | - Valerija Vujčić Bok
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.Š.); (V.V.B.)
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Liu J, Xia Y, Jiang W, Shen G, Pang Y. LaPT2 Gene Encodes a Flavonoid Prenyltransferase in White Lupin. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:673337. [PMID: 34177989 PMCID: PMC8226212 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.673337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Legume plants are rich in prenylated flavonoid compounds, which play an important role in plant defense and human health. In the present study, we identified a prenyltransferase (PT) gene, named LaPT2, in white lupin (Lupinus albus), which shows a high identity and close relationship with the other known PT genes involved in flavonoid prenylation in planta. The recombinant LaPT2 protein expressed in yeast cells exhibited a relatively strong activity toward several flavonols (e.g., kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin) and a relatively weak activity toward flavanone (naringenin). In addition, the recombinant LaPT2 protein was also active toward several other types of flavonoids, including galangin, morin, 5-deoxyquercetin, 4'-O-methylkaempferol, taxifolin, and aromadendrin, with distinct enzymatic affinities. The LaPT2 gene was preferentially expressed in the roots, which is consistent with the presence of prenylated flavonoid kaempferol in the roots. Moreover, we found that the expression level of LaPT2 paralleled with those of LaF3H1 and LaFLS2 genes that were relatively higher in roots and lower in leaves, suggesting that they were essential for the accumulation of prenylated flavonoid kaempferol in roots. The deduced full-length LaPT2 protein and its signal peptide fused with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) are targeted to plastids in the Arabidopsis thaliana protoplast. Our study demonstrated that LaPT2 from white lupin is responsible for the biosynthesis of prenylated flavonoids, in particular flavonols, which could be utilized as phytoalexin for plant defense and bioactive flavonoid compounds for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyue Liu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaying Xia
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Jiang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoan Shen
- The Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhen Pang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yongzhen Pang,
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Eungsuwan N, Chayjarung P, Pankam J, Pilaisangsuree V, Wongshaya P, Kongbangkerd A, Sriphannam C, Limmongkon A. Production and antimicrobial activity of trans-resveratrol, trans-arachidin-1 and trans-arachidin-3 from elicited peanut hairy root cultures in shake flasks compared with bioreactors. J Biotechnol 2020; 326:28-36. [PMID: 33359213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Obtaining large-scale hairy root cultures is a major challenge to increasing root biomass and secondary metabolite production. Enhanced production of stilbene compounds such as trans-resveratrol, trans-arachidin-1 and trans-arachidin-3 was achieved using an elicitor treatment procedure. Two different hairy root inoculum densities were investigated and compared between shake flask and bioreactor cultures. The lowest growth index was observed using a 20 g/L inoculum size in the bioreactor, which differed significantly from bioreactor of 5 g/L. Increasing the hairy root inoculum size from 5 g/L to 20 g/L in both the shake flask and bioreactor significantly improve antioxidant activity, phenolic content and stilbene compound levels. The highest ABTS and FRAP antioxidant activity, and levels of total phenolic compounds, trans-arachidin-1 and trans-arachidin-3 in the crude extract were demonstrated in shake flask cultures with a 20 g/L inoculum after elicitation for 72 h. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the crude extract to inhibit growth of foodborne microbes, S. aureus, S. typhimurium and E. coli, were 187.5, 250 and 500 μg/mL, respectively. This was due to the ability of the crude extract to disrupt the cell membrane, as observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showing ruptured pores on the S. aureus and S. typhimurium cell surfaces. Moreover, the E. coli cell division process could be inhibited by the crude extract, which promoted an increase in cell size. A DNA nicking assay indicated that a 50 μg/mL concentration of the crude extract caused plasmid DNA damage that might be due to a genotoxic effect of the pro-oxidant activity of the crude extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichanan Eungsuwan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Phadtraphorn Chayjarung
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Jintana Pankam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Vijakhana Pilaisangsuree
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Pakwuan Wongshaya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Anupan Kongbangkerd
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Chayaphon Sriphannam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Apinun Limmongkon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.
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Xu Y, Li D, Tan G, Zhang Y, Li Z, Xu K, Li SM, Yu X. A Single Amino Acid Switch Alters the Prenyl Donor Specificity of a Fungal Aromatic Prenyltransferase toward Biflavonoids. Org Lett 2020; 23:497-502. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guishan Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People’s Republic of China
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Biomedical Research Institute of Zibo High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Zibo, Shandong 255000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhansheng Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kangping Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu-Ming Li
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Xia Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People’s Republic of China
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Cano-Flores A, Espinoza M, Delgado G. Bio- and chemo- transformations of glabranin and 7- O-methylglabranin and cytotoxic evaluations of the transformed products. Nat Prod Res 2020; 36:3404-3412. [PMID: 33356563 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1862835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The biotransformation of glabranin (1) with Aspergillus niger and Cunninghamella blakesleeana favoured the formation of benzofuran derivatives (3 and 4), while in contrast, its acid-catalysed chemical transformation favoured the formation of benzopyran derivatives (6 and 7). Compound 6 was further biooxidised at C-4'. Biotransformation of 7-O-methylglabranin (2) proceeded via oxidation of the prenyl group and C-4' by the same fungi, and the obtention of 11 mimics the biosynthesis of this last compound. Some compounds displayed moderate antiproliferative activity against selected human cancer cell lines, with glabranin being the most active, suggesting that the prenyl group and the phenol at C-7 are important structural determinants for cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Cano-Flores
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Marina Espinoza
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México
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58
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Ostertag E, Zheng L, Broger K, Stehle T, Li SM, Zocher G. Reprogramming Substrate and Catalytic Promiscuity of Tryptophan Prenyltransferases. J Mol Biol 2020; 433:166726. [PMID: 33249189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Prenylation is a process widely prevalent in primary and secondary metabolism, contributing to functionality and chemical diversity in natural systems. Due to their high regio- and chemoselectivities, prenyltransferases are also valuable tools for creation of new compounds by chemoenzymatic synthesis and synthetic biology. Over the last ten years, biochemical and structural investigations shed light on the mechanism and key residues that control the catalytic process, but to date crucial information on how certain prenyltransferases control regioselectivity and chemoselectivity is still lacking. Here, we advance a general understanding of the enzyme family by contributing the first structure of a tryptophan C5-prenyltransferase 5-DMATS. Additinally, the structure of a bacterial tryptophan C6-prenyltransferase 6-DMATS was solved. Analysis and comparison of both substrate-bound complexes led to the identification of key residues for catalysis. Next, site-directed mutagenesis was successfully implemented to not only modify the prenyl donor specificity but also to redirect the prenylation, thereby switching the regioselectivity of 6-DMATS to that of 5-DMATS. The general strategy of structure-guided protein engineering should be applicable to other related prenyltransferases, thus enabling the production of novel prenylated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ostertag
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Liujuan Zheng
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Fachbereich Pharmacy, University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Karina Broger
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thilo Stehle
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Shu-Ming Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Fachbereich Pharmacy, University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Georg Zocher
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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59
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Kwesiga G, Kelling A, Kersting S, Sperlich E, von Nickisch-Rosenegk M, Schmidt B. Total Syntheses of Prenylated Isoflavones from Erythrina sacleuxii and Their Antibacterial Activity: 5-Deoxy-3'-prenylbiochanin A and Erysubin F. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:3445-3453. [PMID: 33170684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The prenylated isoflavones 5-deoxyprenylbiochanin A (7-hydroxy-4'-methoxy-3'-prenylisoflavone) and erysubin F (7,4'-dihydroxy-8,3'-diprenylisoflavone) were synthesized for the first time, starting from mono- or di-O-allylated chalcones, and the structure of 5-deoxy-3'-prenylbiochanin A was corroborated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Flavanones are key intermediates in the synthesis. Their reaction with hypervalent iodine reagents affords isoflavones via a 2,3-oxidative rearrangement and the corresponding flavone isomers via 2,3-dehydrogenation. This enabled a synthesis of 7,4'-dihydroxy-8,3'-diprenylflavone, a non-natural regioisomer of erysubin F. Erysubin F (8), 7,4'-dihydroxy-8,3'-diprenylflavone (27), and 5-deoxy-3'-prenylbiochanin A (7) were tested against three bacterial strains and one fungal pathogen. All three compounds are inactive against Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (NCTC 13349), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), and Candida albicans (ATCC 90028), with MIC values greater than 80.0 μM. The diprenylated natural product erysubin F (8) and its flavone isomer 7,4'-dihydroxy-8,3'-diprenylflavone (27) show in vitro activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, ATCC 43300) at MIC values of 15.4 and 20.5 μM, respectively. In contrast, the monoprenylated 5-deoxy-3'-prenylbiochanin A (7) is inactive against this MRSA strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Kwesiga
- Institut fuer Chemie, Universitaet Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alexandra Kelling
- Institut fuer Chemie, Universitaet Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kersting
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (Fraunhofer IZI-BB), Am Muehlenberg 13, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Eric Sperlich
- Institut fuer Chemie, Universitaet Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Markus von Nickisch-Rosenegk
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (Fraunhofer IZI-BB), Am Muehlenberg 13, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Bernd Schmidt
- Institut fuer Chemie, Universitaet Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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60
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Shahinozzaman M, Basak B, Emran R, Rozario P, Obanda DN. Artepillin C: A comprehensive review of its chemistry, bioavailability, and pharmacological properties. Fitoterapia 2020; 147:104775. [PMID: 33152464 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Artepillin C (ARC), a prenylated derivative of p-coumaric acid, is one of the major phenolic compounds found in Brazilian green propolis (BGP) and its botanical source Baccharis dracunculifolia. Numerous studies on ARC show that its beneficial health effects correlate with the health effects of both BGP and B. dracunculifolia. Its wide range of pharmacological benefits include antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, gastroprotective, immunomodulatory, and anti-cancer effects. Most studies have focused on anti-oxidation, inflammation, diabetic, and cancers using both in vitro and in vivo approaches. Mechanisms underlying anti-cancer properties of ARC are apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest, and the inhibition of p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1), a protein characterized in many human diseases/disorders including COVID-19 infection. Therefore, further pre-clinical and clinical studies with ARC are necessary to explore its potential as intervention for a wide variety of diseases including the recent pandemic coronaviral infection. This review summarizes the comprehensive data on the pharmacological effects of ARC and could be a guideline for its future study and therapeutic usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahinozzaman
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Bristy Basak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Rashiduzzaman Emran
- Department of Biochemistry, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE), Khamarbari, Farmgate, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh
| | - Patricia Rozario
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Diana N Obanda
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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61
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Gülck T, Booth JK, Carvalho Â, Khakimov B, Crocoll C, Motawia MS, Møller BL, Bohlmann J, Gallage NJ. Synthetic Biology of Cannabinoids and Cannabinoid Glucosides in Nicotiana benthamiana and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:2877-2893. [PMID: 33000946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Phytocannabinoids are a group of plant-derived metabolites that display a wide range of psychoactive as well as health-promoting effects. The production of pharmaceutically relevant cannabinoids relies on extraction and purification from cannabis (Cannabis sativa) plants yielding the major constituents, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol. Heterologous biosynthesis of cannabinoids in Nicotiana benthamiana or Saccharomyces cerevisiae may provide cost-efficient and rapid future production platforms to acquire pure and high quantities of both the major and the rare cannabinoids as well as novel derivatives. Here, we used a meta-transcriptomic analysis of cannabis to identify genes for aromatic prenyltransferases of the UbiA superfamily and chalcone isomerase-like (CHIL) proteins. Among the aromatic prenyltransferases, CsaPT4 showed CBGAS activity in both N. benthamiana and S. cerevisiae. Coexpression of selected CsaPT pairs and of CHIL proteins encoding genes with CsaPT4 did not affect CBGAS catalytic efficiency. In a screen of different plant UDP-glycosyltransferases, Stevia rebaudiana SrUGT71E1 and Oryza sativa OsUGT5 were found to glucosylate olivetolic acid, cannabigerolic acid, and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid. Metabolic engineering of N. benthamiana for production of cannabinoids revealed intrinsic glucosylation of olivetolic acid and cannabigerolic acid. S. cerevisiae was engineered to produce olivetolic acid glucoside and cannabigerolic acid glucoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thies Gülck
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - J K Booth
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Â Carvalho
- River Stone Biotech ApS, Fruebjergvej 3, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - B Khakimov
- Chemometrics & Analytical Technology, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - C Crocoll
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - M S Motawia
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - B L Møller
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - J Bohlmann
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - N J Gallage
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Octarine Bio, Fruebjergvej 3, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
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62
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Gülck T, Møller BL. Phytocannabinoids: Origins and Biosynthesis. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:985-1004. [PMID: 32646718 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Phytocannabinoids are bioactive natural products found in some flowering plants, liverworts, and fungi that can be beneficial for the treatment of human ailments such as pain, anxiety, and cachexia. Targeted biosynthesis of cannabinoids with desirable properties requires identification of the underlying genes and their expression in a suitable heterologous host. We provide an overview of the structural classification of phytocannabinoids based on their decorated resorcinol core and the bioactivities of naturally occurring cannabinoids, and we review current knowledge of phytocannabinoid biosynthesis in Cannabis, Rhododendron, and Radula species. We also highlight the potential in planta roles of phytocannabinoids and the opportunity for synthetic biology approaches based on combinatorial biochemistry and protein engineering to produce cannabinoid derivatives with improved properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thies Gülck
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark; VILLUM Center for Plant Plasticity, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Synthetic Biology, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Birger Lindberg Møller
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark; VILLUM Center for Plant Plasticity, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Synthetic Biology, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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63
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Tronina T, Popłoński J, Bartmańska A. Flavonoids as Phytoestrogenic Components of Hops and Beer. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184201. [PMID: 32937790 PMCID: PMC7570471 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The value of hops (Humulus lupulus L.) in beer production has been undisputed for centuries. Hops is rich in humulones and lupulones which gives the characteristic aroma and bitter taste, and preserves this golden drink against growing bacteria and molds. Besides α- and β-acids, the lupulin glands of hop cones excrete prenylated flavonoids, which exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities and therefore has therapeutic potential in humans. Recently, interest in hops was raised due to hop prenylated flavanones which show extraordinary estrogen activities. The strongest known phytoestrogen so far is 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN), which along with 6-prenylanaringenin (6-PN), 6,8-diprenylnaringenin (6,8-DPN) and 8-geranylnaringenin (8-GN) are fundamental for the potent estrogen activity of hops. This review provides insight into the unusual hop phytoestrogens and shows numerous health benefits associated with their wide spectrum of biological activities including estrogenic, anticancer, neuropreventive, antinflamatory, and antimicrobial properties, which were intensively studied, and potential applications of these compounds such as, as an alternative to hormone replacement therapy (HRT).
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64
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Identification of a Novel Gene, Osbht, in Response to High Temperature Tolerance at Booting Stage in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165862. [PMID: 32824161 PMCID: PMC7461545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice is one of the world’s leading food crops, and over 90% of the world’s rice production stems from Asia. In particular, an increase of 1 °C in the minimum temperature reduces the quantity of rice by 10%. Therefore, the development of rice varieties that can stably maintain the yield and quality of the rice even under these rapid climate changes is indispensable. In this study, we performed quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping after treatment with heat stress during the booting stage in rice. We performed a QTL analysis using the Cheongcheong/Nagdong double haploid (CNDH) line and identified 19 QTLs during the 2 year analysis. Of these QTL regions, the 2.2 cM region of RM3709–RM11694 on chromosome 1 was shared among the six traits (heading date; culm length; panicle length; number of tiller; 1000 grain weight; and content of chlorophyll) examined. Rice Microsatellite (RM) 3709–RM11694 contained 27 high-temperature-tolerance candidate genes. Among the candidate genes, OsBHT showed a different gene expression level between CNDH75, which is a high-temperature tolerant line, and CNDH11 which is a susceptible line. Although some existing high-temperature-tolerant genes have been reported, OsBHT can be used more effectively for the development of heat tolerance in rice.
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65
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Yang K, Li SM, Liu X, Fan A. Reinvestigation of the substrate specificity of a reverse prenyltransferase NotF from Aspergillus sp. MF297-2. Arch Microbiol 2020; 202:1419-1424. [PMID: 32185409 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-01854-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
NotF from Aspergillus sp. MF297-2 and BrePT from Aspergillus versicolor catalyze a reverse C2-prenylation of brevianamide F in the biosynthetic pathway of brevianamides and notoamides. NotF was reported to use only brevianamide F as substrate while BrePT demonstrated broad substrate promiscuity. With high identity at amino acid level, it is interesting to reinvestigate the catalytic activities of these two prenyltransferases in vitro toward 14 cyclodipeptides. Product identification of the in vitro assays by MS proved that NotF and BrePT share similar catalytic ability and substrate promiscuity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyan Yang
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, No. 105 Xisanhuan Beilu, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Shu-Ming Li
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie Und Biotechnologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 4, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, No. 105 Xisanhuan Beilu, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Aili Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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66
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Kim MR, Kim HJ, Yu SH, Lee BS, Jeon SY, Lee JJ, Lee YC. Combination of Red Clover and Hops Extract Improved Menopause Symptoms in an Ovariectomized Rat Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:7941391. [PMID: 32595737 PMCID: PMC7262655 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7941391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Red clover and hops are already known for their alternative menopausal therapies; however, their combination has not yet been studied. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the combination of red clover and hops extract (RHEC) for treating menopausal symptoms for the first time. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for RHEC was developed and validated for the analysis of biochanin A in red clover extract and xanthohumol in hops extract. An in vivo study was conducted using an ovariectomized rat model treated with RHEC (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg, p.o.) for a 12-week test period. Changes in body weight, tail skin temperature (TST), serum lipid profile, bone metabolism, antioxidants, and markers of vasorelaxation and uterus endometrium were evaluated. RHEC significantly inhibited body weight gain and decreased fat weight. Changes in TST associated with flashes were significantly inhibited in the RHEC groups. Other markers related to menopausal symptoms, such as blood lipid profile (total cholesterol and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol), bone metabolism (serum alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and c-terminal telopeptide type 1), antioxidants (superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde), and vasorelaxants (endothelin-1 and nitric oxide), were significantly improved after the administration of RHEC. We also confirmed the safety of RHEC through histopathological observation of the endometrium. Our findings demonstrate that RHEC appears to have high potential for comprehensively improving various symptoms of menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ran Kim
- Natural Product Team, Naturech Co, Ltd., Chungcheongnam-do 31257, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Natural Product Team, Naturech Co, Ltd., Chungcheongnam-do 31257, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hyun Yu
- Natural Product Team, Naturech Co, Ltd., Chungcheongnam-do 31257, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Su Lee
- Natural Product Team, Naturech Co, Ltd., Chungcheongnam-do 31257, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Yeong Jeon
- Natural Product Team, Naturech Co, Ltd., Chungcheongnam-do 31257, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Jun Lee
- Natural Product Team, Naturech Co, Ltd., Chungcheongnam-do 31257, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chul Lee
- Natural Product Team, Naturech Co, Ltd., Chungcheongnam-do 31257, Republic of Korea
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67
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Liew YJM, Lee YK, Khalid N, Rahman NA, Tan BC. Enhancing flavonoid production by promiscuous activity of prenyltransferase, BrPT2 from Boesenbergia rotunda. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9094. [PMID: 32391211 PMCID: PMC7197402 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids and prenylated flavonoids are active components in medicinal plant extracts which exhibit beneficial effects on human health. Prenylated flavonoids consist of a flavonoid core with a prenyl group attached to it. This prenylation process is catalyzed by prenyltranferases (PTs). At present, only a few flavonoid-related PT genes have been identified. In this study, we aimed to investigate the roles of PT in flavonoid production. We isolated a putative PT gene (designated as BrPT2) from a medicinal ginger, Boesenbergia rotunda. The deduced protein sequence shared highest gene sequence homology (81%) with the predicted homogentisate phytyltransferase 2 chloroplastic isoform X1 from Musa acuminata subsp. Malaccensis. We then cloned the BrPT2 into pRI vector and expressed in B. rotunda cell suspension cultures via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The BrPT2-expressing cells were fed with substrate, pinostrobin chalcone, and their products were analyzed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. We found that the amount of flavonoids, namely alpinetin, pinostrobin, naringenin and pinocembrin, in BrPT2-expressing cells was higher than those obtained from the wild type cells. However, we were unable to detect any targeted prenylated flavonoids. Further in-vitro assay revealed that the reaction containing the BrPT2 protein produced the highest accumulation of pinostrobin from the substrate pinostrobin chalcone compared to the reaction without BrPT2 protein, suggesting that BrPT2 was able to accelerate the enzymatic reaction. The finding of this study implied that the isolated BrPT2 may not be involved in the prenylation of pinostrobin chalcone but resulted in high yield and production of other flavonoids, which is likely related to enzyme promiscuous activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Jing Mei Liew
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yean Kee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norzulaani Khalid
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Center for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noorsaadah Abd Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Boon Chin Tan
- Center for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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68
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Assembling the prenylneoflavone system through a Pechmann condensation/Mitsunobu reaction/Claisen rearrangement/olefin cross-metathesis sequence. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2020; 151:605-610. [PMID: 32346184 PMCID: PMC7186117 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-020-02584-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The multistep synthesis of a prenylneoflavone through a sequence of the Mitsunobu reaction/Claisen rearrangement/olefin cross-metathesis reaction has been accomplished in 5% yield over six steps starting from commercially available 3-methoxyacetophenone. The sequence is shown to be compatible with a Pechmann condensation which proved to be a robust and cost-effective method for the assembling of the α-pyrone core. The results open doors to a general approach to the prenylneoflavone system starting from phenol and acetophenone derivatives. Graphic abstract ![]()
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00706-020-02584-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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69
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Abstract
Aromatic prenyltransferases (PTases), including ABBA-type and dimethylallyl tryptophan synthase (DMATS)-type enzymes from bacteria and fungi, play important role for diversification of the natural products and improvement of the biological activities. For a decade, the characterization of enzymes and enzymatic synthesis of prenylated compounds by using ABBA-type and DMATS-type PTases have been demonstrated. Here, I introduce several examples of the studies on chemoenzymatic synthesis of unnatural prenylated compounds and the enzyme engineering of ABBA-type and DMATS-type PTases.
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70
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Barron D, Laflamme P, De Luca V. Journey in the Polyphenol Research World with Ragai Ibrahim. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:2849-2860. [PMID: 32027498 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dr. Ragai K. Ibrahim, Professor Emeritus at Concordia University, Montréal, Canada, passed away on the November 19, 2017 at the age of 88 years. Dr. Ibrahim dedicated his entire professional life to polyphenols and spent most of his academic career (1967-1997) at the Department of Biology of Concordia University in Montréal. He has been an active member of the Groupe Polyphénols since the beginning. This paper is a tribute to Dr. Ibrahim from some of his former students. An overview of the evolution of polyphenol research since the late 1950s and the outstanding contribution that Dr. Ibrahim had to this topic is given. The input of Dr. Ibrahim's research to the enzymology and genetics of polyphenol biosynthesis is discussed. Furthermore, the links between Dr. Ibrahim's work and some aspects of modern studies on the health benefits of polyphenols are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Barron
- Nestlé Research, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, Building H, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Laflamme
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis-Pasteur, Colonel By Hall (CBY) A-307, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Vincenzo De Luca
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
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71
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Yang J, Zhou T, Jiang Y, Yang B. Substrate specificity change of a flavonoid prenyltransferase AhPT1 induced by metal ion. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 153:264-275. [PMID: 32142844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Prenylated flavonoids are good drug candidates due to multiple biological activities and health benefits. Prenyltransferase is an important enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of prenylated flavonoids. In this work, a flavonoid prenyltransferase (AhPT1) from Artocarpus heterophyllus showed an unexpectedly metal ion-induced specificity to flavonoid substrates. AhPT1 could catalyse 6-C-prenylation of genistein when Mg2+ serving as cofactor. Its catalytic activity to 6-hydroxyflavone was undetectable. However, when Mn2+ was used instead of Mg2+, 5-C-prenylated 6-hydroxyflavone was generated with a high conversion rate. Mn2+ altered the regiospecificity of AhPT1 and turned it into a 5-C-prenyltransferase. 2'-Hydroxyl could improve the conversion rate of 6-hydroxyflavone, whereas 3'- or 4'-hydroxyl impaired the catalysis efficiency of AhPT1. NQIFDADID174 and DLTDVEGD305 were active motifs involved in substrate binding and catalysis. Asn166, Asp170, Asp174, Asp298, Asp301 and Asp305 in the active center were critical to the prenylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Bao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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72
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Umbelliprenin as a novel component of the phytochemical pool from Artemisia spp. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 184:113205. [PMID: 32113116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants belonging to Artemisia spp. are known to biosynthesize a wide panel of 3,3-dimethylallyl- and sesquiterpenyl- substituted coumarins. In this short communication we applied a novel extraction methodology based on the use of subcritical butane under a counter-current mode to further characterize the presence of selected biologically active oxyprenylated phenylpropanoids, namely coumarins and ferulic acid derivatives, in extracts deriving from aerial parts of Artemisia vulgaris L. (commonly known as "common mugwort") (Asteraceae). In the mean time, we assessed the efficiency of the above mentioned extractive methodology with other routes like maceration and ultrasounds and microwaves-based methods using absolute EtOH as the solvents. UHPLC analysis coupled to UV/Vis detection revealed that, among the 5 pure chemical standard assayed, only umbelliprenin (7-farnesyloxycoumarin) was recorded, while boropinic acid, 4'-geranyloxyferulic acid, 7-isopentenyloxycoumarin, and auraptene were not detected. The best extractive yield (0.18 %) was obtained after extaction with subcritical butane. The presence of umbelliprenin in Artemisia plant species has been reported herein for the first time. This coumarin may represent the biosynthetic precursors of sesquiterpenyloxycoumarins with more complex structures typically found in this genus.
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73
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Omoregbee K, Luc KNH, Dinh AH, Nguyen TV. Tropylium-promoted prenylation reactions of phenols in continuous flow. J Flow Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-020-00082-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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74
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Klein-Júnior LC, Campos A, Niero R, Corrêa R, Vander Heyden Y, Filho VC. Xanthones and Cancer: from Natural Sources to Mechanisms of Action. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e1900499. [PMID: 31794156 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Xanthones are a class of heterocyclic natural products that have been widely studied for their pharmacological potential. In fact, they have been serving as scaffolds for the design of derivatives focusing on drug development. One of the main study targets of xanthones is their anticancer activity. Several compounds belonging to this class have already demonstrated cytotoxic and antitumor effects, making it a promising group for further exploration. This review therefore focuses on recently published studies, emphasizing their natural and synthetic sources and describing the main mechanisms of action responsible for the anticancer effect of promising xanthones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz C Klein-Júnior
- Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí - UNIVALI, 88302-901, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Adriana Campos
- Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí - UNIVALI, 88302-901, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Rivaldo Niero
- Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí - UNIVALI, 88302-901, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Rogério Corrêa
- Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí - UNIVALI, 88302-901, Itajaí, Brazil
| | - Yvan Vander Heyden
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Applied Chemometrics and Molecular Modelling, Center for Pharmaceutical Research (CePhaR), Vrije Universiteit Brussel - VUB, B-1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valdir Cechinel Filho
- Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí - UNIVALI, 88302-901, Itajaí, Brazil
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75
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Xu K, Yang C, Xu Y, Li D, Bao S, Zou Z, Kang F, Tan G, Li SM, Yu X. Selective geranylation of biflavonoids by Aspergillus terreus aromatic prenyltransferase (AtaPT). Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:28-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02296a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Regio-selective geranylation of natural biflavonoids using Aspergillus terreus aromatic prenyltransferase (AtaPT) as an efficient catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangping Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Central South University
- Changsha
- People's Republic of China
| | - Can Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Central South University
- Changsha
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Central South University
- Changsha
- People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Central South University
- Changsha
- People's Republic of China
| | - Shumin Bao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Central South University
- Changsha
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxing Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Central South University
- Changsha
- People's Republic of China
| | - Fenghua Kang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Central South University
- Changsha
- People's Republic of China
| | - Guishan Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Central South University
- Changsha
- People's Republic of China
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
| | - Shu-Ming Li
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Biotechnologie
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- 35037 Marburg
- Germany
| | - Xia Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Central South University
- Changsha
- People's Republic of China
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76
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He J, Hu Z, Dong Z, Li B, Chen K, Shang Z, Zhang M, Qiao X, Ye M. Enzymatic
O
‐Prenylation of Diverse Phenolic Compounds by a Permissive
O
‐Prenyltransferase from the Medicinal Mushroom
Antrodia camphorata. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junbin He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University 38 Xueyuan Road Beijing 100191 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University 38 Xueyuan Road Beijing 100191 People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyuan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University 38 Xueyuan Road Beijing 100191 People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University 38 Xueyuan Road Beijing 100191 People's Republic of China
| | - Kuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University 38 Xueyuan Road Beijing 100191 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanpeng Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University 38 Xueyuan Road Beijing 100191 People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University 38 Xueyuan Road Beijing 100191 People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University 38 Xueyuan Road Beijing 100191 People's Republic of China
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University 38 Xueyuan Road Beijing 100191 People's Republic of China
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77
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Levisson M, Araya-Cloutier C, de Bruijn WJC, van der Heide M, Salvador López JM, Daran JM, Vincken JP, Beekwilder J. Toward Developing a Yeast Cell Factory for the Production of Prenylated Flavonoids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:13478-13486. [PMID: 31016981 PMCID: PMC6909231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Prenylated flavonoids possess a wide variety of biological activities, including estrogenic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities. Hence, they have potential applications in food products, medicines, or supplements with health-promoting activities. However, the low abundance of prenylated flavonoids in nature is limiting their exploitation. Therefore, we investigated the prospect of producing prenylated flavonoids in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. As a proof of concept, we focused on the production of the potent phytoestrogen 8-prenylnaringenin. Introduction of the flavonoid prenyltransferase SfFPT from Sophora flavescens in naringenin-producing yeast strains resulted in de novo production of 8-prenylnaringenin. We generated several strains with increased production of the intermediate precursor naringenin, which finally resulted in a production of 0.12 mg L-1 (0.35 μM) 8-prenylnaringenin under shake flask conditions. A number of bottlenecks in prenylated flavonoid production were identified and are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Levisson
- Laboratory
of Plant Physiology and Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Carla Araya-Cloutier
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University
& Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Wouter J. C. de Bruijn
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University
& Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Menno van der Heide
- Laboratory
of Plant Physiology and Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - José Manuel Salvador López
- Laboratory
of Plant Physiology and Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jean-Marc Daran
- Department
of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Vincken
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University
& Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jules Beekwilder
- Laboratory
of Plant Physiology and Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands
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Munakata R, Takemura T, Tatsumi K, Moriyoshi E, Yanagihara K, Sugiyama A, Suzuki H, Seki H, Muranaka T, Kawano N, Yoshimatsu K, Kawahara N, Yamaura T, Grosjean J, Bourgaud F, Hehn A, Yazaki K. Isolation of Artemisia capillaris membrane-bound di-prenyltransferase for phenylpropanoids and redesign of artepillin C in yeast. Commun Biol 2019; 2:384. [PMID: 31646187 PMCID: PMC6802118 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0630-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants produce various prenylated phenolic metabolites, including flavonoids, phloroglucinols, and coumarins, many of which have multiple prenyl moieties and display various biological activities. Prenylated phenylpropanes, such as artepillin C (3,5-diprenyl-p-coumaric acid), exhibit a broad range of pharmaceutical effects. To date, however, no prenyltransferases (PTs) involved in the biosynthesis of phenylpropanes and no plant enzymes that introduce multiple prenyl residues to native substrates with different regio-specificities have been identified. This study describes the isolation from Artemisia capillaris of a phenylpropane-specific PT gene, AcPT1, belonging to UbiA superfamily. This gene encodes a membrane-bound enzyme, which accepts p-coumaric acid as its specific substrate and transfers two prenyl residues stepwise to yield artepillin C. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular evolution of this gene family, contributing to the chemical diversification of plant specialized metabolites. These results also enabled the design of a yeast platform for the synthetic biology of artepillin C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Munakata
- Laboratory of Plant Gene Expression, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611–0011 Japan
- Université de Lorraine, INRA, LAE, F54000 Nancy, France
| | - Tomoya Takemura
- Laboratory of Plant Gene Expression, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611–0011 Japan
| | - Kanade Tatsumi
- Laboratory of Plant Gene Expression, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611–0011 Japan
| | - Eiko Moriyoshi
- Laboratory of Plant Gene Expression, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611–0011 Japan
| | - Koki Yanagihara
- Laboratory of Plant Gene Expression, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611–0011 Japan
| | - Akifumi Sugiyama
- Laboratory of Plant Gene Expression, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611–0011 Japan
| | - Hideyuki Suzuki
- Department of Research & Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, 292-0818 Japan
| | - Hikaru Seki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Toshiya Muranaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Noriaki Kawano
- Tsukuba Division, Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tsukuba, 305-0843 Japan
| | - Kayo Yoshimatsu
- Tsukuba Division, Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tsukuba, 305-0843 Japan
| | - Nobuo Kawahara
- Tsukuba Division, Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tsukuba, 305-0843 Japan
| | - Takao Yamaura
- The Yamashina Botanical Research Institute, Nippon Shinyaku Co. Ltd., 39 Sakanotsuji-cho, Ohyake, Yamashina-ku Kyoto, 607-8182 Japan
| | | | - Frédéric Bourgaud
- Plant Advanced Technologies – PAT, 19 Avenue de la forêt de Haye, 54500 Vandoeuvre, France
| | - Alain Hehn
- Université de Lorraine, INRA, LAE, F54000 Nancy, France
| | - Kazufumi Yazaki
- Laboratory of Plant Gene Expression, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611–0011 Japan
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79
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das Chagas Almeida A, Azevedo Rodrigues L, dos Santos Paulino G, Pereira Aguilar A, Andrade Almeida A, Olavo Ferreira S, Brandão GC, Viana Leite JP, de Oliveira Barros Ribon A. Prenylated flavonoid-enriched fraction from Maclura tinctoria shows biological activity against Staphylococcus aureus and protects Galleria mellonella larvae from bacterial infection. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:189. [PMID: 31357964 PMCID: PMC6664575 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2600-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Atlantic Forest biome extends along the entire Brazilian coast and is home to approximately 20,000 plant species, many of which are endemic; it is considered one of the hotspot regions of the planet. Several of these species are sources of natural products with biological activities that are still unknown. In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity of 90 extracts derived from native Atlantic Forest tree species against Staphylococcus aureus, an important human and veterinary pathogen. METHODS Extracts from native Atlantic Forest tree species were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against S. aureus by in vitro standard methods. Phytochemical fractionation of the extract from Maclura tinctoria was performed by liquid-liquid partitioning. LC-DAD-ESI-MS was used for identification of constituents in the most active fraction. Damage of cells and alterations in the permeability of cell membrane were determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and crystal violet uptake assay, respectively. In vivo antimicrobial activity was evaluated using Galleria mellonella larvae infected with S. aureus with survival data collected using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Among the organic or aqueous extracts tested here, 26 showed biological activity. Eight species showed relevant results, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) below 1 mg/mL. Antibacterial activity was registered for three species for the first time. An organic extract from Maclura tinctoria leaves showed the lowest MIC (0.08 mg/mL). Fractionation of this extract by liquid-liquid partitioning led to obtaining fraction 11FO d with a MIC of 0.04 mg/mL. This fraction showed strong activity against veterinary S. aureus isolates and contributed to the increased survival of Galleria mellonella larvae infected with S. aureus ATCC 29213. The bacterial surface was not altered by the presence of 11FO d, and no cell membrane damage was detected. The LC-DAD-ESI/MS analyses identified prenylated flavonoids as the major constituents responsible for the antibacterial activity of this active extract. CONCLUSION A fraction enriched in prenylated isoflavones and flavanones from M. tinctoria showed in vitro and in vivo efficacy as antistaphylococcal agents. These findings justify the need for further research to elucidate the mechanisms of action of these compounds.
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80
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Hošek J, Leláková V, Bobál P, Pížová H, Gazdová M, Malaník M, Jakubczyk K, Veselý O, Landa P, Temml V, Schuster D, Prachyawarakorn V, Pailee P, Ren G, Zpurný F, Oravec M, Šmejkal K. Prenylated Stilbenoids Affect Inflammation by Inhibiting the NF-κB/AP-1 Signaling Pathway and Cyclooxygenases and Lipoxygenase. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:1839-1848. [PMID: 31268709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Stilbenoids are important components of foods (e.g., peanuts, grapes, various edible berries), beverages (wine, white tea), and medicinal plants. Many publications have described the anti-inflammatory potential of stilbenoids, including the widely known trans-resveratrol and its analogues. However, comparatively little information is available regarding the activity of their prenylated derivatives. One new prenylated stilbenoid (2) was isolated from Artocarpus altilis and characterized structurally based on 1D and 2D NMR analysis and HRMS. Three other prenylated stilbenoids were prepared synthetically (9-11). Their antiphlogistic potential was determined by testing them together with known natural prenylated stilbenoids from Macaranga siamensis and Artocarpus heterophyllus in both cell-free and cell assays. The inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) was also shown by simulated molecular docking for the most active stilbenoids in order to elucidate the mode of interaction between these compounds and the enzyme. Their effects on the pro-inflammatory nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and the activator protein 1 (AP-1) signaling pathway were also analyzed. The THP1-XBlue-MD2-CD14 cell line was used as a model for determining their anti-inflammatory potential, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of Toll-like receptor 4 induced a signaling cascade leading to the activation of NF-κB/AP-1. The ability of prenylated stilbenoids to attenuate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was further evaluated using LPS-stimulated THP-1 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Karolina Jakubczyk
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany , Czech Academy of Sciences , Rozvojová 263 , 16502 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Veselý
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany , Czech Academy of Sciences , Rozvojová 263 , 16502 Prague , Czech Republic
- Department of Quality of Agricultural Products, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources , Czech University of Life Sciences Prague , Kamýcká 129 , 16521 Prague 6-Suchdol , Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Landa
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany , Czech Academy of Sciences , Rozvojová 263 , 16502 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Temml
- Department of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI) , University of Innsbruck , Innrain 80-82 , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry , Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg , Strubergasse 21 , 2020 Salzburg , Austria
| | | | - Phanruethai Pailee
- Chulabhorn Research Institute , Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road , Laksi, Bangkok 10210 , Thailand
| | - Gang Ren
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine , Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanchang 330004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Filip Zpurný
- Botanical Garden Teplice , J. Suka 1388/18 , 41501 Teplice , Czech Republic
| | - Michal Oravec
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Bělidla 986/4a , 60300 Brno , Czech Republic
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81
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Awakawa T, Abe I. Molecular basis for the plasticity of aromatic prenyltransferases in hapalindole biosynthesis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:1545-1551. [PMID: 31354873 PMCID: PMC6632223 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatic prenyltransferases (PTases) are enzymes that catalyze Friedel–Crafts reactions between aromatic compounds and isoprenoid diphosphates. In hapalindole biosynthesis, the aromatic PTases AmbP1 and AmbP3 exhibit surprisingly plastic selectivities. AmbP1 not only transfers the geranyl group on the C-3 of cis-indolylvinyl isonitrile, but also on the C-2, which is supressed in the presence of Mg2+ ions. AmbP3 transfers the dimethylallyl group on C-2 of hapalindole U in the reverse manner, but on C-2 of its C-10 stereoisomer in the normal manner. This review highlights the molecular bases of the AmbP1 and AmbP3 functions, elucidated through their X-ray crystal structures. The knowledge presented here will contribute to the understanding of aromatic PTase reactions and will enhance their uses as biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Awakawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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82
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Cheng CL, Jia XH, Xiao CM, Tang WZ. Paulownia C-geranylated flavonoids: their structural variety, biological activity and application prospects. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2019; 18:549-570. [PMID: 32214921 PMCID: PMC7088933 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-019-09614-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Paulownia species, especially their flowers and fruits, are traditionally used in Chinese herbal medicines for the treatment of infectious diseases. C-geranylated flavonoids were found to be the major special metabolites in Paulownia flowers and fruits, and 76 C-geranylated flavonoids had been isolated and characterized thus far. Structural variations in Paulownia C-geranylated flavonoids are mainly due to the complicated structural modifications in their geranyl substituents. These natural compounds have attracted much attention because of their various biological activities, including antioxidation, anti-inflammation, cytotoxic activity and various enzymatic inhibitions, etc. Among them, diplacone, a major Paulownia component, was considered to have promise for applications in medicine. This paper summarizes the information from current publications on Paulownia C-geranylated flavonoids, with a focus on their structural variety, key spectroscopic characteristics, biological activity with structure-activity relationships and application prospects. We hope that this paper will stimulate further investigations of Paulownia species and this kind of natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-lei Cheng
- Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan, 250101 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Xian-hui Jia
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 18877, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250062 Shandong People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Jinan, 250062 Shandong People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Rare and Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250062 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng-mei Xiao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 18877, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250062 Shandong People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Jinan, 250062 Shandong People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Rare and Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250062 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-zhao Tang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 18877, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250062 Shandong People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Jinan, 250062 Shandong People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Rare and Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250062 Shandong People’s Republic of China
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83
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Flavonoids from the Amazon plant Brosimum acutifolium induce C6 glioma cell line apoptosis by disrupting mitochondrial membrane potential and reducing AKT phosphorylation. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 113:108728. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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84
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Haida Z, Hakiman M. A comprehensive review on the determination of enzymatic assay and nonenzymatic antioxidant activities. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:1555-1563. [PMID: 31139368 PMCID: PMC6526636 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article presents a comprehensive review pertaining to antioxidants and various assays that determined enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. Antioxidants have gained attention at the global scale on its prominent beneficial roles that can fight against many chronic infirmities, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Many studies have investigated different types of samples, such as medicinal plants, fruits, and vegetables, by using various antioxidant assays. Antioxidants can be grouped into enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. To date, most studies had looked into nonenzymatic antioxidants due to lack of references on enzymatic antioxidant assays. Therefore, this review article depicts on seven assays of enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, ascorbate oxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) and fifteen activities of nonenzymatic antioxidants (total polyphenol, total phenolic acids, total flavonoids, total ascorbic acid, anthocyanin content, DPPH scavenging activity, FRAP assay, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, nitric oxide scavenging activity, superoxide radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, phosphomolybdate assay, reducing power, metal ion chelating activity, and β-carotene), which are described in detail to ease further investigations on antioxidants in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainol Haida
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of AgricultureUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdangMalaysia
| | - Mansor Hakiman
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of AgricultureUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdangMalaysia
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Novel prenyloxy chalcones as potential leishmanicidal and trypanocidal agents: Design, synthesis and evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 167:402-413. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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86
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Nagia M, Gaid M, Biedermann E, Fiesel T, El-Awaad I, Hänsch R, Wittstock U, Beerhues L. Sequential regiospecific gem-diprenylation of tetrahydroxyxanthone by prenyltransferases from Hypericum sp. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:318-334. [PMID: 30485455 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol derivatives, such as xanthones, are natural plant products with interesting pharmacological properties. They are difficult to synthesize chemically. Biotechnological production is desirable but it requires an understanding of the biosynthetic pathways. cDNAs encoding membrane-bound aromatic prenyltransferase (aPT) enzymes from Hypericum sampsonii seedlings (HsPT8px and HsPTpat) and Hypericum calycinum cell cultures (HcPT8px and HcPTpat) were cloned and expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Nicotiana benthamiana, respectively. Microsomes and chloroplasts were used for functional analysis. The enzymes catalyzed the prenylation of 1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthone (1367THX) and/or 1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxy-8-prenylxanthone (8PX) and discriminated nine additionally tested acylphloroglucinol derivatives. The transient expression of the two aPT genes preceded the accumulation of the products in elicitor-treated H. calycinum cell cultures. C-terminal yellow fluorescent protein fusions of the two enzymes were localized to the envelope of chloroplasts in N. benthamiana leaves. Based on the kinetic properties of HsPT8px and HsPTpat, the enzymes catalyze sequential rather than parallel addition of two prenyl groups to the carbon atom 8 of 1367THX, yielding gem-diprenylated patulone under loss of aromaticity of the gem-dialkylated ring. Coexpression in yeast significantly increased product formation. The patulone biosynthetic pathway involves multiple subcellular compartments. The aPTs studied here and related enzymes may be promising tools for plant/microbe metabolic pathway engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Nagia
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 1, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35 A, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mariam Gaid
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 1, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35 A, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Eline Biedermann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 1, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35 A, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Tobias Fiesel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 1, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Islam El-Awaad
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 1, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Robert Hänsch
- Institute of Plant Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Humboldtstraße 1, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ute Wittstock
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 1, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35 A, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ludger Beerhues
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 1, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35 A, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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87
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Wang YA, Guo X, Jia XH, Xue J, Du HF, Du CL, Tang WZ, Wang XJ, Zhao YX. Undescribed C-geranylflavonoids isolated from the fruit peel of Paulownia catalpifolia T. Gong ex D.Y. Hong with their protection on human umbilical vein endothelial cells injury induced by hydrogen peroxide. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 158:126-134. [PMID: 30529863 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Six undescribed C-geranylated flavonoids, including five C-geranylflavanones named as paucatalinones F - J, one C-geranylflavonol named as paucatalinone K, along with seven known geranylated flavanones, were isolated from the fruit peel of Paulownia catalpifolia T. Gong ex D.Y. Hong. Their structures were elucidated distinctly according to their UV, IR, MS, NMR, and CD data. Among them, two compounds were substituted with unusual modified geranyl groups, namely paucatalinone F with an oxygenated cyclogeranyl substituent and paucatalinone H with a terminal pyranoid geranyl substituent. Furthermore, the protective effects on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) injury induced by H2O2 were evaluated, and paucatalinone F showed the most potential activity. The bioactive results suggested that the geranyl substituent may be an important factor for restraining oxidative HUVECs damage and Paulownia C-geranylated flavonoids might have the potential for preventing cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ai Wang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250200, Shandong, China; Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Jinan 250062, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Xing Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xian-Hui Jia
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Jinan 250062, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Xue
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250200, Shandong, China; Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Jinan 250062, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Hong-Fang Du
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250200, Shandong, China; Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Jinan 250062, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Du
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Jinan 250062, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Wen-Zhao Tang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Jinan 250062, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan 250062, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Jinan 250062, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan 250062, Shandong, China
| | - Yun-Xue Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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88
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Qian S, Clomburg JM, Gonzalez R. Engineering Escherichia coli as a platform for the in vivo synthesis of prenylated aromatics. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:1116-1127. [PMID: 30659582 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Prenylated aromatics (PAs) are an important class of natural products with valuable pharmaceutical applications. To address current limitations of their sourcing from plants, here, we present a microbial platform for the in vivo synthesis of PAs based on the aromatic prenyltransferase NphB from Streptomyces sp. strain CL190. As proof of concept, we targeted the prenylation of phenolic/phenolcarboxylic acids, including orsellinic (OSA), divarinolic (DVA), and olivetolic (OLA) acids, whose prenylated products have important biopharmaceutical applications. Although the ability of wild-type NphB to catalyze the prenylation reaction with each acid was validated by in vitro characterization, improvement of product titers in vivo required protein modeling and rational design to engineer NphB variants with increased activity and product selectivity. When a designed NphB variant with eightfold improved catalytic efficiency toward OSA was expressed in an Escherichia coli host engineered to generate geranyl pyrophosphate at high flux through the mevalonate pathway, we observed up to 300 mg/L prenylated products by exogenously supplying OSA. The improved properties of engineered NphB were also utilized to demonstrate the diversification of this in vivo platform by using both different aromatic acceptors and different prenyl donors to generate various PA compounds, including medicinally important compounds such as cannabigerovarinic, cannabigerolic, and grifolic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Qian
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - James M Clomburg
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Ramon Gonzalez
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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89
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Veremeichik GN, Grigorchuk VP, Silanteva SA, Shkryl YN, Bulgakov DV, Brodovskaya EV, Bulgakov VP. Increase in isoflavonoid content in Glycine max cells transformed by the constitutively active Ca 2+ independent form of the AtCPK1 gene. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 157:111-120. [PMID: 30399493 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) represent a class within a multigene family that plays an important role in biotic and abiotic plant stress responses and is involved in the regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Our previous study showed that overexpression of the mutant constitutively active Ca2+ independent form of the AtCPK1 gene (AtCPK1-Ca) significantly increased the biosynthesis of anthraquinones and stilbenes in Rubia cordifolia L. and Vitis amurensis Rupr. transgenic cell cultures, respectively. Here, we have established transgenic calli of soybean plants Glycine max (L.) Merr. that express the AtCPK1-Ca gene. Heterologous expression of the AtCPK1-Ca gene provoked a 5.2-fold increase in total isoflavone production up to 208.09 mg/L, along with an increase in isoflavone aglycones production up to 6.60 mg/L, which is 3-fold greater than that of the control culture. The production of prenylated isoflavones significantly increased, reaching 3.78 mg/L, 13-fold higher than in the control culture. The expression levels of 4-coumarate:CoA ligases, isoflavone synthases, 2-hydroxyisoflavanone dehydratase, isoflavone dimethylallyltransferase, and coumestrol 4-dimethylallyltransferase genes in transgenic cell cultures significantly increased. Thus, heterologous expression of the AtCPK1-Ca gene can be used to bioengineer plant cell cultures that produce isoflavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Veremeichik
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia.
| | - V P Grigorchuk
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia; Institute of Marine Biology of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia
| | - S A Silanteva
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Y N Shkryl
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia; Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690950, Russia
| | - D V Bulgakov
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - E V Brodovskaya
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - V P Bulgakov
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia; Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690950, Russia
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90
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Yonekura-Sakakibara K, Higashi Y, Nakabayashi R. The Origin and Evolution of Plant Flavonoid Metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:943. [PMID: 31428108 PMCID: PMC6688129 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
During their evolution, plants have acquired the ability to produce a huge variety of compounds. Unlike the specialized metabolites that accumulate in limited numbers of species, flavonoids are widely distributed in the plant kingdom. Therefore, a detailed analysis of flavonoid metabolism in genomics and metabolomics is an ideal way to investigate how plants have developed their unique metabolic pathways during the process of evolution. More comprehensive and precise metabolite profiling integrated with genomic information are helpful to emerge unexpected gene functions and/or pathways. The distribution of flavonoids and their biosynthetic genes in the plant kingdom suggests that flavonoid biosynthetic pathways evolved through a series of steps. The enzymes that form the flavonoid scaffold structures probably first appeared by recruitment of enzymes from primary metabolic pathways, and later, enzymes that belong to superfamilies such as 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase, cytochrome P450, and short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase modified and varied the structures. It is widely accepted that the first two enzymes in flavonoid biosynthesis, chalcone synthase, and chalcone isomerase, were derived from common ancestors with enzymes in lipid metabolism. Later enzymes acquired their function by gene duplication and the subsequent acquisition of new functions. In this review, we describe the recent progress in metabolomics technologies for flavonoids and the evolution of flavonoid skeleton biosynthetic enzymes to understand the complicate evolutionary traits of flavonoid metabolism in plant kingdom.
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91
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Li Z, Guo X, Cao Z, Liu X, Liao X, Huang C, Xu W, Liu L, Yang P. New MS network analysis pattern for the rapid identification of constituents from traditional Chinese medicine prescription Lishukang capsules in vitro and in vivo based on UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS. Talanta 2018; 189:606-621. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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92
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Zhong Z, Zhu W, Liu S, Guan Q, Chen X, Huang W, Wang T, Yang B, Tian J. Molecular Characterization of a Geranyl Diphosphate-Specific Prenyltransferase Catalyzing Stilbenoid Prenylation from Morus alba. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:2214-2227. [PMID: 30020500 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutically active compounds from medical plants are attractive as a major source for new drug development. Prenylated stilbenoids with increased lipophilicity are valuable secondary metabolites which possess a wide range of biological activities. So far, many prenylated stilbenoids have been isolated from Morus alba but the enzyme responsible for the crucial prenyl modification remains unknown. In the present study, a stilbenoid-specific prenyltransferase (PT), termed Morus alba oxyresveratrol geranyltransferase (MaOGT), was identified and functionally characterized in vitro. MaOGT recognized oxyresveratrol and geranyl diphosphate (GPP) as natural substrates, and catalyzed oxyresveratrol prenylation. Our results indicated that MaOGT shared common features with other aromatic PTs, e.g. multiple transmembrane regions, conserved functional domains and targeting to plant plastids. This distinct PT represents the first stilbenoid-specific PT accepting GPP as a natural prenyl donor, and could help identify additional functionally varied PTs in moraceous plants. Furthermore, MaOGT might be applied for high-efficiency and large-scale prenylation of oxyresveratrol to produce bioactive compounds for potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoheng Zhong
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Wei Zhu
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Shengzhi Liu
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Qijie Guan
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Wei Huang
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Tantan Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Bingxian Yang
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jingkui Tian
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Center for Traditional Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
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93
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Li DF, Jin HS, Zhang JR, Jiang YX, Zhao LM. Protecting-Group-Free Synthesis of 3-Amino-3-α-prenyl-oxindoles through the Direct Prenylation of Isatin-Derived Imines. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- De-Feng Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science; Jiangsu Normal University; 221116 Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Hai-Shan Jin
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science; Jiangsu Normal University; 221116 Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Jing-Ru Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science; Jiangsu Normal University; 221116 Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Yi-Xuan Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science; Jiangsu Normal University; 221116 Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Li-Ming Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science; Jiangsu Normal University; 221116 Xuzhou Jiangsu China
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources; Guangxi Normal University; 541004 Guangxi China
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94
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Li J, Chen R, Wang R, Liu X, Xie K, Chen D, Dai J. Biocatalytic access to diverse prenylflavonoids by combining a regiospecific C-prenyltransferase and a stereospecific chalcone isomerase. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:678-686. [PMID: 30109191 PMCID: PMC6089845 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenylflavonoids are valuable natural products that have diverse biological properties, and are usually generated biologically by multiple metabolic enzymes in nature. In this study, structurally diverse prenylflavonoids were conveniently synthesized by enzymatic catalysis by combining GuILDT, a regiospecific chalcone prenyltransferase, and GuCHI, a stereospecific chalcone isomerase that has promiscuous activity for both chalcones and prenylchalcones as substrates. Our findings provided a new approach for the synthesis of natural/unnatural bioactive prenylflavonoids, including prenylchalcones and optical prenylflavanones with chalcone origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ridao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ruishan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Kebo Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dawei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jungui Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
- Corresponding author at: State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China. Fax: +86 10 63017757.
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95
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Schultze C, Schmidt B. Prenylcoumarins in One or Two Steps by a Microwave-Promoted Tandem Claisen Rearrangement/Wittig Olefination/Cyclization Sequence. J Org Chem 2018; 83:5210-5224. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Schultze
- Universitaet Potsdam, Institut fuer Chemie, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Bernd Schmidt
- Universitaet Potsdam, Institut fuer Chemie, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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96
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Rapid membrane permeabilization of Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli induced by antibacterial prenylated phenolic compounds from legumes. Food Chem 2018; 240:147-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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97
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Mukai R. Prenylation enhances the biological activity of dietary flavonoids by altering their bioavailability. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:207-215. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1415750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Flavonoids are distributed across the plant kingdom and have attracted substantial attention owing to their potential benefits for human health. Several studies have demonstrated that flavonoids prenylation enhances various biological activities, suggesting an attractive tool for developing functional foods. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on how prenylation influences the biological activity and bioavailability of flavonoids. The enhancement effect of prenylation on the biological activities of dietary flavonoids in mammals was demonstrated by comparing the effect of 8-prenyl naringenin (8PN) with that of parent naringenin in the prevention of disuse muscle atrophy in mice. This enhancement results from higher muscular accumulation of 8PN than naringenin. As to bioavailability, despite the lower absorption of 8-prenyl quercetin (8PQ) compared with quercetin, higher 8PQ accumulation was found in the liver and kidney. These data imply that prenylation interferes with the elimination of flavonoids from tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Mukai
- Field of Food Science and Technology, Department of Food Science, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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98
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Convenient synthetic approach for tri- and tetraprenylated cyclodipeptides by consecutive enzymatic prenylations. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:2671-2681. [PMID: 29372298 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8761-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The prenyltransferases EchPT1 and EchPT2 from Aspergillus ruber are responsible for the consecutive prenylations of cyclo-L-Trp-L-Ala, leading to the formation of the triprenylated echinulin as the predominant product. In this study, we demonstrate that EchPT1 also accepts all stereoisomers of cyclo-Trp-Ala and cyclo-Trp-Pro and catalyses regiospecific reverse C2-prenylation at the indole nucleus. EchPT1 products were well accepted by EchPT2 for multiple consecutive prenylations, with conversion yields of 84 to 98% for six of the eight substrates. C2-, C5- and C7-triprenylated derivatives are identified as major enzyme products, with product yields of 40 to 86% in seven cases. High product yields of 25-36%, i.e. approximate 30% of the total enzyme products, were observed for tetraprenylated derivatives in the four reaction mixtures with one D- and one L-configured amino acid residues. To the best of our knowledge, enzymatic preparation of tetraprenylated cyclodipeptides with such high efficacy has not been reported prior to this study.
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99
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Taura F, Iijima M, Kurosaki F. Daurichromenic acid and grifolic acid: Phytotoxic meroterpenoids that induce cell death in cell culture of their producer Rhododendron dauricum. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2018; 13:e1422463. [PMID: 29286881 PMCID: PMC5790407 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2017.1422463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Daurichromenic acid (DCA) is a meroterpenoid with anti-HIV activities that is isolated from Rhododendron dauricum L. We recently reported that DCA is biosynthesized and accumulated in the apoplast of glandular scales attached on the surface of young leaves of R. dauricum. In the present study, we confirmed that a cell suspension culture of R. dauricum could not produce DCA and its precursor grifolic acid even after elicitation with methyl jasmonate and β-cyclodextrin. In addition, exogenous supplementation of DCA and grifolic acid effectively induced cell death in the same culture, with apoptosis-associated phenomena such as cytoplasmic shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and genomic DNA degradation. These findings suggested that DCA and grifolic acid are phytotoxic metabolites that have to be sequestered in the apoplast to avoid self-poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Futoshi Taura
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
| | - Miu Iijima
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
| | - Fumiya Kurosaki
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences for Research, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
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100
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Minecka A, Zych M, Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak I. 8-Prenylnaringenin from hop (Humulus lupulus L.) – a panacea for menopause? HERBA POLONICA 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/hepo-2017-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Summary
8-Prenylnaryngenin (8-PN) is the strongest known phytoestrogen (PE). Its main source is the female inflorescences of hops (Humulus lupulus L.). 8-PN, which, in contrast to other PEs, is proven to have stronger activity and higher affinity for the α subtype of estrogen receptor (ER). Therefore, it may be an effective substitute for hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The studies in postmenopausal women have shown its particular effectiveness in reducing hot flashes. However, a strong stimulation of uterus by 8-PN may be associated with the occurrence of adverse effects (eg. bleeding) and increase the risk of carcinogenesis. The H. lupulus extracts preparations are currently supplements which makes control of the doses used and thus increases the occurrence of uncontrolled self-treatment difficult. This paper presents the current knowledge on 8-PN and discusses the potential risks associated with use of hops to alleviate the symptoms of menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldona Minecka
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Medical University of Silesia in Katowice School of Pharmacy with Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec Jagiellońska 4 41-200 Sosnowiec , Poland
| | - Maria Zych
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Medical University of Silesia in Katowice School of Pharmacy with Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec Jagiellońska 4 41-200 Sosnowiec , Poland
| | - Ilona Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Medical University of Silesia in Katowice School of Pharmacy with Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec Jagiellońska 4 41-200 Sosnowiec , Poland
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