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Anderson SL, Fasih-Ahmad F, Evans AJ, Rubin BY. Carnosol, a diterpene present in rosemary, increases ELP1 levels in familial Dysautonomia (FD) patient-derived cells and healthy adults: a possible therapy for FD. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:3521-3538. [PMID: 35708500 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research on Familial Dysautonomia (FD) has focused on the development of therapeutics that facilitate the production of the correctly spliced, exon 20-containing, transcript in cells and individuals bearing the splice-altering, FD-causing, mutation in the ELP1 gene. We report here the ability of carnosol, a diterpene present in plant species of the Lamiaceae family, including rosemary, to enhance the cellular presence of the correctly spliced ELP1 transcript in FD patient-derived fibroblasts by upregulating transcription of the ELP1 gene and correcting the aberrant splicing of the ELP1 transcript. Carnosol treatment also elevates the level of the RBM24 and RBM38 proteins., two multifunctional RNA binding proteins. Transfection-mediated expression of either of these RBMs facilitates the inclusion of exon 20 sequence into the transcript generated from a minigene bearing ELP1 genomic sequence containing the FD-causing mutation. Suppression of the carnosol-mediated induction of either of these RBMs, using targeting siRNAs, limited the carnosol-mediated inclusion of the ELP1 exon 20 sequence. Carnosol treatment of FD patient PBMCs facilitates the inclusion of exon 20 into the ELP1 transcript. Increased levels of the ELP1 and RBM38 transcripts and the alternative splicing of the SIRT2 transcript, a sentinel for exon 20 inclusion in the FD-derived ELP1 transcript, are observed in RNA isolated from whole blood of healthy adults following the ingestion of carnosol-containing rosemary extract. These findings and the excellent safety profile of rosemary together justify an expedited clinical study of the impact of carnosol on the FD patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia L Anderson
- Laboratory for Familial Dysautonomia Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA
| | - Faaria Fasih-Ahmad
- Laboratory for Familial Dysautonomia Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA
| | - Anthony J Evans
- Laboratory for Familial Dysautonomia Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA
| | - Berish Y Rubin
- Laboratory for Familial Dysautonomia Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA
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52
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Vlčko T, Rathod NB, Kulawik P, Ozogul Y, Ozogul F. The impact of aromatic plant-derived bioactive compounds on seafood quality and safety. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2022; 102:275-339. [PMID: 36064295 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived bioactive compounds have been extensively studied and used within food industry for the last few decades. Those compounds have been used to extend the shelf-life and improve physico-chemical and sensory properties on food products. They have also been used as nutraceuticals due to broad range of potential health-promoting properties. Unlike the synthetic additives, the natural plant-derived compounds are more acceptable and often regarded as safer by the consumers. This chapter summarizes the extraction methods and sources of those plant-derived bioactives as well as recent findings in relation to their health-promoting properties, including cardio-protective, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, immuno-modulatory and neuro-protective properties. In addition, the impact of applying those plant-derived compounds on seafood products is also investigated by reviewing the recent studies on their use as anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, coloring and flavoring agents as well as freshness indicators. Moreover, the current limitations of the use of plant-derived bioactive compounds as well as future prospects are discussed. The discoveries show high potential of those compounds and the possibility to apply on many different seafood. The compounds can be applied as individual while more and more studies are showing synergetic effect when those compounds are used in combination providing new important research possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Vlčko
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak Agriculture University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Nikheel Bhojraj Rathod
- Department of Post Harvest Management of Meat, Poultry and Fish, Post Graduate Institute of Post-Harvest Management, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Roha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Piotr Kulawik
- Department of Animal Products Technology, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Kraków, Poland
| | - Yesim Ozogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Fatih Ozogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
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Wei P, Zhang C, Bian X, Lu W. Metabolic Engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for Heterologous Carnosic Acid Production. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:916605. [PMID: 35721856 PMCID: PMC9201568 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.916605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnosic acid (CA), a phenolic tricyclic diterpene, has many biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiobesity, and antidiabetic activities. In this study, an efficient biosynthetic pathway was constructed to produce CA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. First, the CA precursor miltiradiene was synthesized, after which the CA production strain was constructed by integrating the genes encoding cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s) and cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) SmCPR. The CA titer was further increased by the coexpression of CYP76AH1 and SmCPR ∼t28SpCytb5 fusion proteins and the overexpression of different catalases to detoxify the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Finally, engineering of the endoplasmic reticulum and cofactor supply increased the CA titer to 24.65 mg/L in shake flasks and 75.18 mg/L in 5 L fed-batch fermentation. This study demonstrates that the ability of engineered yeast cells to synthesize CA can be improved through metabolic engineering and synthetic biology strategies, providing a theoretical basis for microbial synthesis of other diterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Wei
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuanbo Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xueke Bian
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyu Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Wenyu Lu,
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54
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Kozłowska W, Matkowski A, Zielińska S. Light Intensity and Temperature Effect on Salvia yangii (B. T. Drew) Metabolic Profile in vitro. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:888509. [PMID: 35646028 PMCID: PMC9136318 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.888509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant in vitro culture is a feasible system for the testing influence of an environmental factor on the accumulation and chemodiversity of specialized metabolites, especially in medicinal plants. Light and temperature are among the most important factors affecting the physiology of plant organisms but their influence on specific metabolic pathways is not completely understood. Here, we examined the morphogenetic response, photosynthetic pigments content, lipid peroxidation level, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and the production of volatile and non-volatile constituents in Salvia yangii B. T. Drew (syn. Perovskia atriplicifolia Benth.) in vitro cultures kept under different light intensities (70, 130, and 220 μmol m-2 s-1) and at two selected temperatures (25 and 30°C). The experiment was continued for 7 months to monitor the changes in the treatment response in time. Phytochemical analysis was performed using chromatographic (GC-MS and UHLPC) and spectrophotometric techniques. The light intensity significantly influenced metabolic response in a non-linear manner, whereas temperature-induced adaptive modifications varied within the long cultivation. Significant differences were noted in the content of carnosic and rosmarinic acid, as well as in several sesquiterpenes (alloaromadendrene, β-caryophyllene, α-humulene). At elevated (30°C) temperature, a trend of differently modulated content of two major antioxidants-rosmarinic acid (RA, a phenylpropanoid pathway derived phenolic acid) and carnosic acid (CA, an abietane diterpenoid) was observed, where RA, but not CA, was depending on the light intensity. At 25°C, both compounds depended on light but in various ways. Among the volatile terpenoid compounds, the influence of light was pronounced, leading to modulation of proportions between individual mono- and sesquiterpenes as well as between hydrocarbon and oxygenated compounds. The study provided new information on the metabolic profile plasticity in S. yangii and added to the existing knowledge on the chemical adaptations in plant species from severe habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Kozłowska
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adam Matkowski
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Zielińska
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Chen Y, Wang Y, Qin Q, Zhang Y, Xie L, Xiao J, Cao Y, Su Z, Chen Y. Carnosic acid ameliorated Aβ-mediated (amyloid-β peptide) toxicity, cholinergic dysfunction and mitochondrial defect in Caenorhabditis elegans of Alzheimer's Model. Food Funct 2022; 13:4624-4640. [PMID: 35357374 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02965g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ)-induced cholinergic system and mitochondrial dysfunction are major risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our previous studies found that carnosic acid (CA), an important polyphenol antioxidant, could significantly delay Aβ1-42-mediated acute paralysis. However, many details and underlying mechanisms of CA's neuroprotection against Aβ-induced cholinergic system defects and mitochondrial dysfunction remain unclear. Herein, we deeply investigated the effects and the possible mechanisms of CA-mediated protection against Aβ toxicity in vivo through several AD Caenorhabditis elegans strains. The results showed CA delayed age-related paralysis and Aβ deposition, and significantly protected neurons from Aβ-induced toxicity. CA might downgrade the expression of ace-1 and ace-2 genes, and upregulate cha-1 and unc-17 genes to inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity and relieve Aβ-caused cholinergic system defects. Furthermore, CA might also ameliorate Aβ-induced mitochondrial imbalance and oxidative stress through up-regulating the expression of phb-1, phb-2, eat-3, and drp-1 genes. The enhancements of the cholinergic system and mitochondrial function might be the reasons for the amelioration of Aβ-mediated toxicity and Aβ aggregation mediated by CA. These findings have helped us to understand the CA anti-Aβ activity in C. elegans and the potential mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Yarong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiao Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingling Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Zuanxian Su
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunjiao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
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56
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Antimicrobial effects of carnosic acid, kaempferol and luteolin on biogenic amine production by spoilage and food-borne pathogenic bacteria. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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57
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Novais C, Molina AK, Abreu RMV, Santo-Buelga C, Ferreira ICFR, Pereira C, Barros L. Natural Food Colorants and Preservatives: A Review, a Demand, and a Challenge. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2789-2805. [PMID: 35201759 PMCID: PMC9776543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The looming urgency of feeding the growing world population along with the increasing consumers' awareness and expectations have driven the evolution of food production systems and the processes and products applied in the food industry. Although substantial progress has been made on food additives, the controversy in which some of them are still shrouded has encouraged research on safer and healthier next generations. These additives can come from natural sources and confer numerous benefits for health, beyond serving the purpose of coloring or preserving, among others. As limiting factors, these additives are often related to stability, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness issues, which justify the need for innovative solutions. In this context, and with the advances witnessed in computers and computational methodologies for in silico experimental aid, the development of new safer and more efficient natural additives with dual functionality (colorant and preservative), for instance by the copigmentation phenomena, may be achieved more efficiently, circumventing the current difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Novais
- Centro
de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus
de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Adriana K. Molina
- Centro
de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus
de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Rui M. V. Abreu
- Centro
de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus
de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Celestino Santo-Buelga
- Grupo
de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Facultad de Farmacia,
Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, Universidad
de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira
- Centro
de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus
de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Carla Pereira
- Centro
de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus
de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro
de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus
de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
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58
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Appiah KS, Omari RA, Onwona-Agyeman S, Amoatey CA, Ofosu-Anim J, Smaoui A, Arfa AB, Suzuki Y, Oikawa Y, Okazaki S, Katsura K, Isoda H, Kawada K, Fujii Y. Seasonal Changes in the Plant Growth-Inhibitory Effects of Rosemary Leaves on Lettuce Seedlings. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:673. [PMID: 35270143 PMCID: PMC8912698 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant biodiversity has been studied to explore allelopathic species for the sustainable management of weeds to reduce the reliance on synthetic herbicides. Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L., syn Salvia rosmarinus Spenn.), was found to have plant growth-inhibitory effects, and carnosic acid was reported as an allelochemical in the plant. In this study, the effects of seasonal variation (2011−2012) on the carnosic acid concentration and phytotoxicity of rosemary leaves from two locations in Tunisia (Fahs and Matmata) were investigated. The carnosic acid concentration in rosemary leaves was determined by HPLC, and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) was used as the receptor plant in the phytotoxicity bioassay. The highest carnosic acid concentration was found in rosemary samples collected in June 2011, which also had the highest inhibitory activity. Furthermore, a significant inverse correlation (r = −0.529; p < 0.01) was found between the inhibitory activity on lettuce hypocotyl and the carnosic acid concentration in rosemary leaves. Both temperature and elevation had a significant positive correlation with carnosic acid concentration, while rainfall showed a negative correlation. The results showed that the inhibitory effects of rosemary leaf samples collected in summer was highest due to their high carnosic acid concentration. The phytotoxicity of rosemary needs to be studied over time to determine if it varies by season under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwame Sarpong Appiah
- Department of International Innovative Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan; (Y.O.); (S.O.); (K.K.); (Y.F.)
- Department of Crop Science, College of Basic and Applied Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 44, Ghana;
| | - Richard Ansong Omari
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Institute of Land Use Systems, Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Muencheberg, Germany;
- Institute of Agriculture and Horticulture, Faculty of Life Science, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 5, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Siaw Onwona-Agyeman
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan;
| | - Christiana Adukwei Amoatey
- Department of Crop Science, College of Basic and Applied Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 44, Ghana;
| | - John Ofosu-Anim
- School of Architecture and Science, Central University, Tema P.O. Box 2305, Ghana;
| | - Abderrazak Smaoui
- Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cédria, BP 901 Hammam-Lif, Borj Cedria 2025, Tunisia;
| | - Abdelkarim Ben Arfa
- L’Institut des Régions Arides, Route du Djorf Km 22.5, Médenine 4119, Tunisia;
| | - Yoko Suzuki
- Aromatic Repos, AHOLA, A2 Soleil Jiyugaoka, 1-21-3, Jiyugaoka, Meguro 152-0035, Tokyo, Japan;
| | - Yosei Oikawa
- Department of International Innovative Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan; (Y.O.); (S.O.); (K.K.); (Y.F.)
| | - Shin Okazaki
- Department of International Innovative Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan; (Y.O.); (S.O.); (K.K.); (Y.F.)
| | - Keisuke Katsura
- Department of International Innovative Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan; (Y.O.); (S.O.); (K.K.); (Y.F.)
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan;
| | - Kiyokazu Kawada
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan;
| | - Yoshiharu Fujii
- Department of International Innovative Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan; (Y.O.); (S.O.); (K.K.); (Y.F.)
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59
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Review of the Analytical Methods Based on HPLC-Electrochemical Detection Coupling for the Evaluation of Organic Compounds of Nutritional and Environmental Interest. ANALYTICA 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/analytica3010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review would like to show the state of the art regarding the coupling of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with Electrochemical Detection (ED). Since a universal detector for HPLC is not available, the electrochemical detection methods, thanks to their versatility and specificity, are competitive with respect to the detectors currently used. The papers present in literature on HPLC-ED technique are analyzed and discussed: for example, they regard the development of analytical determinations of resveratrol, rosmarinic acid, aromatic heterocyclic amines and glyphosate in food matrices such as meat, aromatic plants, vegetables, fruit and tomato juices. These papers show that electrochemical sensors used as detectors for HPLC can offer better sensitivity values than other detectors. Furthermore, the use of specific working potentials allows avoid matrix interferences to be avoided by almost exclusively determining the analytes of interest. It should be underlined that HPLC-ED methods have a selectivity that allows for limitation of the sample preparation and clean-up procedures to a minimum, making them quick and easy to apply. In addition, these methods offer advantages such as the possibility of direct analysis, that derivatization is often not necessary, the cost-effectiveness of the instrumentation and the possibility of regenerating the electrodes which allows numerous analyses in succession.
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60
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Plant-Derived Terpenoids: A Promising Tool in the Fight against Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030502. [PMID: 35158770 PMCID: PMC8833325 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite the numerous therapies, melanoma remains the deadliest of all skin cancers; however, plant-derived terpenoids are defense molecules that have proven anti-cancer properties. In this review, we present the results of the search for anti-melanoma plant terpenoids. Additionally, we show the effects of combining terpenoids with standard drugs, radiation therapy, or other plant substances on melanoma cell lines and animal models. Finally, we present some examples of drug delivery systems that increase the uptake of terpenoids by melanoma tissue. Abstract Melanoma is responsible for the highest number of skin cancer-caused deaths worldwide. Despite the numerous melanoma-treating options, the fight against it remains challenging, mainly due to its great heterogeneity and plasticity, as well as the high toxicity of standard drugs. Plant-derived terpenoids are a group of plant defense molecules that have been proven effective in killing many different types of cancer cells, both in in vitro experiments and in vivo models. In this review, we focus on recent results in the search for plant terpenoids with anti-melanoma activity. We also report on the synergistic action of combining terpenoids with other plant-derived substances, MAP kinase inhibitors, or radiation. Additionally, we present examples of terpenoid-loaded nanoparticle carriers as anti-melanoma agents that have increased permeation through the cancer tissue.
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Bojesomo R, Assaf KI, Saadeh HA, Siddig LA, Saleh N. Benzimidazole-Piperazine-Coumarin/Cucurbit[7]uril Supramolecular Photoinduced Electron Transfer Fluorochromes for Detection of Carnosol by Stimuli-Responsive Dye Displacement and p K a Tuning. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:2356-2363. [PMID: 35071923 PMCID: PMC8772309 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A new fluorescent dye (4PBZC) comprising coumarin (C), piperazine (P), and benzimidazole (BZ) was designed, prepared, and complexed to cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) to detect carnosol (CAR), an anti-breast cancer drug, in sub-nanomolar concentrations utilizing the supramolecular indicator displacement assay strategy, the CB7-assisted pK a shift, and the CB7-retarded photoinduced electron transfer process. The host-guest complexation was confirmed by UV-visible absorption, fluorescence, and 1H NMR spectroscopy, which established the binding of 4PBZC to CB7. CB7 preferentially binds the indicator dye (4PBZC) via the protonated BZ residue compared to the neutral BZ one, demonstrated by a higher binding constant of the complex in its di-protonated form, which led to an increase in the pK a of the BZ moiety by ca. 3.0 units after the addition of CB7. In aqueous solution (pH 6), switching the emission signals between 4PBZH+C/CB7 (ON state) and 4PBZC (OFF state) was achieved by displacement of the protonated dye from the cavity of CB7 by the CAR analyte. An efficient sensor was obtained for the sensitive detection of CAR in aqueous solution with a low detection limit of 0.148 ng/mL (0.45 nM) and a linear range from 20 to 627 ng/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukayat
S. Bojesomo
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, United
Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain 15551, United Arab
Emirates
| | - Khaleel I. Assaf
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa
Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan
| | - Haythem A. Saadeh
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, United
Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain 15551, United Arab
Emirates
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, The University
of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Lamia A. Siddig
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, United
Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain 15551, United Arab
Emirates
| | - Na’il Saleh
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, United
Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain 15551, United Arab
Emirates
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62
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Al-Hijazeen M. Recommended Level of Rosemary Extract (<i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> L.) Based on Lipid Oxidation, Total Volatiles, and Sensory Evaluation of Treated Cooked Chicken Meat. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.fstr-d-22-00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Ayoub I, George MY, Menze ET, Mahmoud M, Botros M, Essam M, Ashmawy I, Shendi P, Hany A, Galal M, Ayman M, Labib R. Insights on the neuroprotective effects of Salvia officinalis L. and Salvia microphylla Kunth in memory impairment rat model. Food Funct 2022; 13:2253-2268. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02988f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Salvia species have a traditional longstanding culinary use mostly consumed in the Mediterranean diet as a common spice added to food. Salvia is commonly consumed as an herbal tea for...
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Hussain S, Syeda A, Alshammari M, Alnasser S, Alenzi N, Alanazi S, Nandakumar K. Cognition enhancing effect of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) in lab animal studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Braz J Med Biol Res 2022; 55:e11593. [PMID: 35170682 PMCID: PMC8851910 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2021e11593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with mild cognitive impairment eventually progress to Alzheimer's disease (AD) causing a strong impact on public health. Rosmarinus officinalis has long been known as the herb of remembrance and can be a potential cognition enhancer for AD. The aim of this review was to summarize the qualitative and quantitative aspects of R. officinalis and its active constituents in enhancing cognition. A structured search was conducted on Google Scholar and PubMed to find relevant studies that assessed the effect of R. officinalis extract or any of its active constituents on cognitive performance in animals. The following information was extracted from each study: 1) article information; 2) characteristics of study animals; 3) type of intervention: type, dose, duration, and frequency of administration of R. officinalis; and 4) type of outcome measure. Data were analyzed using Review Manager and meta-analysis was performed by computing the standardized mean difference. Twenty-three studies were selected for qualitative analysis and fifteen for meta-analysis. From the fifteen included papers, 22 with 35 comparisons were meta-analyzed. Effect sizes for intact and cognitively impaired animals were 1.19 (0.74, 1.64) and 0.57 (0.19, 0.96), indicating a positive effect on both groups. The subgroup analyses showed substantial unexplained heterogeneity among studies. Overall, R. officinalis improved cognitive outcomes in normal and impaired animals, and results were robust across species, type of extract, treatment duration, and type of memory. However, studies had a considerable amount of heterogeneity, and subgroup analyses failed to find any heterogeneity moderator.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.M. Hussain
- City University College of Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - A.F. Syeda
- Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Alshammari
- Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - S. Alnasser
- Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - S.T. Alanazi
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
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Zhuo Y, Li M, Jiang Q, Ke H, Liang Q, Zeng LF, Fang J. Evolving Roles of Natural Terpenoids From Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Osteoporosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:901545. [PMID: 35651977 PMCID: PMC9150774 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.901545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic metabolic skeletal disease which can lead to reduction in bone mass and increased risk of bone fracture due to the microstructural degradation. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been applied in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis for a long time. Terpenoids, a class of natural products that are rich in TCM, have been widely studied for their therapeutic efficacy on bone resorption, osteogenesis, and concomitant inflammation. Terpenoids can be classified in four categories by structures, monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids, and triterpenoids. In this review, we comprehensively summarize all the currently known TCM-derived terpenoids in the treatment of OP. In addition, we discuss the possible mechanistic-of-actions of all four category terpenoids in anti-OP and assess their therapeutic potential for OP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhuo
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yue Zhuo, ; Ling-Feng Zeng, ; Jiansong Fang,
| | - Meng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Women and Children’s Medical Center, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiyao Jiang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanzhong Ke
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Qingchun Liang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Feng Zeng
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yue Zhuo, ; Ling-Feng Zeng, ; Jiansong Fang,
| | - Jiansong Fang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yue Zhuo, ; Ling-Feng Zeng, ; Jiansong Fang,
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Braveboy-Wagner J, Sharoni Y, Lelkes PI. Nutraceuticals Synergistically Promote Osteogenesis in Cultured 7F2 Osteoblasts and Mitigate Inhibition of Differentiation and Maturation in Simulated Microgravity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:136. [PMID: 35008559 PMCID: PMC8745420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microgravity is known to impact bone health, similar to mechanical unloading on Earth. In the absence of countermeasures, bone formation and mineral deposition are strongly inhibited in Space. There is an unmet need to identify nutritional countermeasures. Curcumin and carnosic acid are phytonutrients with anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative effects and may exhibit osteogenic properties. Zinc is a trace element essential for bone formation. We hypothesized that these nutraceuticals could counteract the microgravity-induced inhibition of osteogenic differentiation and function. To test this hypothesis, we cultured 7F2 murine osteoblasts in simulated microgravity (SMG) in a Random Positioning Machine in the presence and absence of curcumin, carnosic acid, and zinc and evaluated cell proliferation, function, and differentiation. SMG enhanced cell proliferation in osteogenic medium. The nutraceuticals partially reversed the inhibitory effects of SMG on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and did not alter the SMG-induced reduction in the expression of osteogenic marker genes in osteogenic medium, while they promoted osteoblast proliferation and ALP activity in the absence of traditional osteogenic media. We further observed a synergistic effect of the intermix of the phytonutrients on ALP activity. Intermixes of phytonutrients may serve as convenient and effective nutritional countermeasures against bone loss in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Braveboy-Wagner
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
| | - Yoav Sharoni
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel;
| | - Peter I. Lelkes
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
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Elebeedy D, Badawy I, Elmaaty AA, Saleh MM, Kandeil A, Ghanem A, Kutkat O, Alnajjar R, Abd El Maksoud AI, Al-Karmalawy AA. In vitro and computational insights revealing the potential inhibitory effect of Tanshinone IIA against influenza A virus. Comput Biol Med 2021; 141:105149. [PMID: 34953359 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.105149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal human influenza is a serious respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses that can be found all over the world. Type A influenza is a contagious viral infection that, if left untreated, can lead to life-threatening consequences. Fortunately, the plant kingdom has many potent medicines with broad-spectrum antiviral activity. Herein, six plant constituents, namely Tanshinone IIA 1, Carnosic acid 2, Rosmarinic acid 3, Glycyrrhetinic acid 4, Baicalein 5, and Salvianolic acid B 6, were screened for their antiviral activities against H1N1 virus using in vitro and in silico approaches. Hence, their anti-influenza activities were tested in vitro to determine inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) values after measuring their CC50 values using MTT assay on MDCK cells. Interestingly, Tanshinone IIA (TAN) 1 was the most promising member with CC50 = 9.678 μg/ml. Moreover, the plaque reduction assay carried on TAN 1 revealed promising viral inhibition percentages of 97.9%, 95.8%, 94.4%, and 91.7% using concentrations 0.05 μg/μl, 0.025 μg/μl, 0.0125 μg/μl, and 0.006 μg/μl, respectively. Furthermore, in silico molecular docking disclosed the superior affinities of Salvianolic acid B (SAL) 6 towards both surface glycoproteins of influenza A virus (namely, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA)). The docked complexes of both SAL and TAN inside HA and NA receptor pockets were selected for 100 ns MD simulations followed by MM-GBSA binding free energy calculation to confirm the docking results and give more insights regarding the stability of both compounds inside influenza mentioned receptors, respectively. The selection criteria of the previously mentioned complexes were based on the fact that SAL showed the highest docking scores on both viral HA and NA glycoproteins whereas TAN achieved the best inhibitory activity on the other hand. Finally, we urge more advanced preclinical and clinical research, particularly for TAN, which could be used to treat the human influenza A virus effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Elebeedy
- College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Ingy Badawy
- College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Ayman Abo Elmaaty
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said, 42526, Egypt
| | - Moustafa M Saleh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, 42526, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Kandeil
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Aml Ghanem
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Omnia Kutkat
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Radwan Alnajjar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya; Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Ahmed I Abd El Maksoud
- Industrial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Al-Karmalawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, 34518, Egypt.
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Hernandez-Leon A, Moreno-Pérez GF, Martínez-Gordillo M, Aguirre-Hernández E, Valle-Dorado MG, Díaz-Reval MI, González-Trujano ME, Pellicer F. Lamiaceae in Mexican Species, a Great but Scarcely Explored Source of Secondary Metabolites with Potential Pharmacological Effects in Pain Relief. Molecules 2021; 26:7632. [PMID: 34946714 PMCID: PMC8705283 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for molecules that contribute to the relief of pain is a field of research in constant development. Lamiaceae is one of the most recognized families world-wide for its use in traditional medicine to treat diseases that include pain and inflammation. Mexico can be considered one of the most important centers of diversification, and due to the high endemism of this family, it is crucial for the in situ conservation of this family. Information about the most common genera and species found in this country and their uses in folk medicine are scarcely reported in the literature. After an extensive inspection in bibliographic databases, mainly Sciencedirect, Pubmed and Springer, almost 1200 articles describing aspects of Lamiaceae were found; however, 217 articles were selected because they recognize the Mexican genera and species with antinociceptive and/or anti-inflammatory potential to relieve pain, such as Salvia and Agastache. The bioactive constituents of these genera were mainly terpenes (volatile and non-volatile) and phenolic compounds such as flavonoids (glycosides and aglycone). The aim of this review is to analyze important aspects of Mexican genera of Lamiaceae, scarcely explored as a potential source of secondary metabolites responsible for the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of these species. In addition, we point out the possible mechanisms of action involved and the modulatory pathways investigated in different experimental models. As a result of this review, it is important to mention that scarce information has been reported regarding species of this family from Mexican genera. In fact, despite Calosphace being one of the largest subgenera of Salvia in the world, found mainly in Mexico, it has been barely investigated regarding its potential biological activities and recognized bioactive constituents. The scientific evidence regarding the different bioactive constituents found in species of Lamiaceae demonstrates that several species require further investigation in preclinical studies, and of course also in controlled clinical trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of these natural products to support their therapeutic potential in pain relief and/or inflammation, among other health conditions. Since Mexico is one of the most important centers of diversification, and due to the high endemism of species of this family, it is crucial their rescue, in situ conservation, and investigation of their health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Hernandez-Leon
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (A.H.-L.); (G.F.M.-P.); (F.P.)
| | - Gabriel Fernando Moreno-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (A.H.-L.); (G.F.M.-P.); (F.P.)
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Martha Martínez-Gordillo
- Herbario de la Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Eva Aguirre-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - María Guadalupe Valle-Dorado
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - María Irene Díaz-Reval
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima 28045, Mexico;
| | - María Eva González-Trujano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (A.H.-L.); (G.F.M.-P.); (F.P.)
| | - Francisco Pellicer
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (A.H.-L.); (G.F.M.-P.); (F.P.)
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Kim JY, Hong HL, Kim GM, Leem J, Kwon HH. Protective Effects of Carnosic Acid on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Mice. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247589. [PMID: 34946671 PMCID: PMC8705858 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Septic acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important medical problem worldwide, but current treatments are limited. During sepsis, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activates various signaling pathways involved in multiorgan failure. Carnosic acid is a natural phenolic diterpene and has multiple bioactivities, such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative effects. However, the effect of carnosic acid on septic AKI has not been explored. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether carnosic acid has a therapeutic effect on LPS-induced kidney injury. Administration of carnosic acid after LPS injection ameliorated histological abnormalities and renal dysfunction. Cytokine production, immune cell infiltration, and nuclear factor-κB activation after LPS injection were also alleviated by carnosic acid. The compound suppressed oxidative stress with the modulation of pro-oxidant and antioxidant enzymes. Tubular cell apoptosis and caspase-3 activation were also inhibited by carnosic acid. These data suggest that carnosic acid ameliorates LPS-induced AKI via inhibition of inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis and could serve as a useful treatment agent for septic AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Yeon Kim
- Department of Immunology, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu 42472, Korea;
| | - Hyo-Lim Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu 42472, Korea;
| | - Gyun Moo Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu 42472, Korea;
| | - Jaechan Leem
- Department of Immunology, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu 42472, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (H.H.K.)
| | - Hyun Hee Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu 42472, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (H.H.K.)
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70
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Boulebd H. Modeling the peroxyl radical scavenging behavior of Carnosic acid: Mechanism, kinetics, and effects of physiological environments. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 192:112950. [PMID: 34530282 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Carnosic acid (CA), a phenolic diterpene and abietane-type compound, is a potent natural antioxidant with medical benefits. The present paper elucidates, for the first time, the kinetics and the exact mechanism of the peroxyl radical scavenging activity of CA in the gas phase and under physiological conditions. According to the obtained results, the reaction of CA with HOO• is significantly faster in aqueous solution than in the gas phase and nonpolar environments. The abstraction of the hydrogen atom from 2-OH is the decisive mechanism in the gas phase and nonpolar media, while both hydrogen abstraction (15%) and electron transfer (85%) mechanisms can take place in aqueous solution. The overall rate coefficient in water (4.73 × 106 M-1 s-1) is about 36 times higher than that of the reference antioxidant Trolox (1.30 × 105 M-1 s-1), suggesting that CA is a potent scavenger of peroxyl radicals in polar media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssem Boulebd
- Laboratory of Synthesis of Molecules with Biological Interest, University of Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria.
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71
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Chan EWC, Wong SK, Chan HT. An overview of the chemistry and anticancer properties of rosemary extract and its diterpenes. JOURNAL OF HERBMED PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.34172/jhp.2022.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), a culinary herb of the family Lamiaceae, has promising anticancer activity. This overview has updated the current knowledge on the chemistry and anticancer properties of rosemary extract, carnosic acid, carnosol, and rosmanol, focusing on colon and prostate cancer cells since they are the most susceptible. The information was procured from Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Direct, J-Stage, and PubChem. Phenolic compounds isolated from the aerial parts of R. officinalis are flavonoids, phenolic acids, diterpenes, triterpenes, terpenoids, and phenylpropanoids. Some of the compounds are new to science, to the genus, and to the species. Almost 30 compounds possess anticancer properties. Rosemary extracts contain abietane diterpenes, with carnosic acid, carnosol, and rosmanol being the most common. Their molecular structures are similar to three fused aromatic rings. Carnosic acid has a –COOH group at C20, carnosol has a lactone ring occurs across the B ring, and rosmanol has a –OH group at C7. Against colon and prostate cancer cells, the rosemary extract and diterpenes inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. The inhibition of cell migration and adhesion has also been reported. The rosemary extract and diterpenes also inhibited colon and prostate cancer xenograft in mice. Rosemary extract is more cytotoxic than the diterpenes due to its polyphenols such as flavonoids and triterpenes. In vitro and in vivo cytotoxic activities involve different molecular targets and signalling pathways. Some prospects and areas for future research are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Wei Chiang Chan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siu Kuin Wong
- School of Foundation Studies, Xiamen University Malaysia, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hung Tuck Chan
- Secretariat of International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems (ISME), Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0129, Japan
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72
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Nair DS, Niharika D, Madhavan A, Sharma S, Joshi AKR. Recent updates on antidiabetic and antiobesity potential of carnosic acid. EXCLI JOURNAL 2021; 20:1476-1481. [PMID: 34803556 PMCID: PMC8600157 DOI: 10.17179/excli2021-4259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diya S Nair
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences (B1), Jain (Deemed to be University), JC Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, India 560041
| | - Digumarthy Niharika
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences (B1), Jain (Deemed to be University), JC Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, India 560041
| | - Aishwariya Madhavan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences (B1), Jain (Deemed to be University), JC Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, India 560041
| | - Shweta Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences (B1), Jain (Deemed to be University), JC Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, India 560041
| | - Apurva Kumar Ramesh Joshi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences (B1), Jain (Deemed to be University), JC Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, India 560041
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A Bioassay-Guided Fractionation of Rosemary Leaf Extract Identifies Carnosol as a Major Hypertrophy Inducer in Human Skeletal Muscle Cells. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124190. [PMID: 34959741 PMCID: PMC8706380 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A good quality of life requires maintaining adequate skeletal muscle mass and strength, but therapeutic agents are lacking for this. We developed a bioassay-guided fractionation approach to identify molecules with hypertrophy-promoting effect in human skeletal muscle cells. We found that extracts from rosemary leaves induce muscle cell hypertrophy. By bioassay-guided purification we identified the phenolic diterpene carnosol as the compound responsible for the hypertrophy-promoting activity of rosemary leaf extracts. We then evaluated the impact of carnosol on the different signaling pathways involved in the control of muscle cell size. We found that activation of the NRF2 signaling pathway by carnosol is not sufficient to mediate its hypertrophy-promoting effect. Moreover, carnosol inhibits the expression of the ubiquitin ligase E3 Muscle RING Finger protein-1 that plays an important role in muscle remodeling, but has no effect on the protein synthesis pathway controlled by the protein kinase B/mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway. By measuring the chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome, we found that proteasome activity was significantly decreased by carnosol and Muscle RING Finger 1 inactivation. These results strongly suggest that carnosol can induce skeletal muscle hypertrophy by repressing the ubiquitin-proteasome system-dependent protein degradation pathway through inhibition of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Muscle RING Finger protein-1.
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Vemu B, Tocmo R, Nauman MC, Flowers SA, Veenstra JP, Johnson JJ. Pharmacokinetic characterization of carnosol from rosemary (Salvia Rosmarinus) in male C57BL/6 mice and inhibition profile in human cytochrome P450 enzymes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 431:115729. [PMID: 34592323 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Rosemary (Salvia Rosmarinus) is a rich source of dietary diterpenes with carnosol as one of the major polyphenols used to standardize rosemary extracts approved as a food preservative, however, at present there is not any information on the murine pharmacokinetic profile of carnosol or its potential for drug interactions. The present study utilizes cell-free, cell-based, and animal-based experiments to define the pharmacokinetic profile of the food based phytochemical carnosol. Mice were administered carnosol (100 mg/kg body weight) by oral gavage and plasma levels were analyzed by LC-MS/MS to establish a detailed pharmacokinetic profile. The maximum plasma concentration exceeded 1 μM after a single administration. The results are significant as they offer insights on the potential for food-drug interactions between carnosol from rosemary and active pharmaceutical ingredients. Carnosol was observed to inhibit selected CYP450 enzymes and modulate metabolic enzymes and transporters in in vitro assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Vemu
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Restituo Tocmo
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Mirielle C Nauman
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Stephanie A Flowers
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Jacob P Veenstra
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Jeremy J Johnson
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
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A Specific Mixture of Propolis and Carnosic Acid Triggers a Strong Fungicidal Action against Cryptococcus neoformans. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10111395. [PMID: 34827333 PMCID: PMC8614879 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Current antifungal chemotherapy against the prevalent basidiomycete Cryptococcus neoformans displays some drawbacks. This pathogenic fungus is refractory to echinocandins, whereas conventional treatment with amphotericin B plus 5-fluorocytosine has a limited efficacy. In this study, we explored the potential cryptococcal activity of some natural agents. After conducting a screening test with a set of propolis from different geographical areas, we selected an extract from China, which displayed a certain cytotoxic activity against C. neoformans, due to this extract being cheap and easily available in large amounts. The combination of this kind of propolis with carnosic acid in a 1:4 ratio induced a stronger fungicidal effect, which occurred following a synergistic pattern, without visible alterations in external cell morphology. Furthermore, several carnosic acid–propolis formulations applied onto preformed biofilms decreased the metabolic activity of the sessile cells forming biofilms. These data support the potential application of mixtures containing these two natural extracts in the design of new antifungal strategies in order to combat opportunistic infections caused by prevalent pathogenic fungi.
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Sasaki K, Ferdousi F, Fukumitsu S, Kuwata H, Isoda H. Antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like activities of Rosmarinus officinalis extract in rodent models: Involvement of oxytocinergic system. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112291. [PMID: 34653760 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxytocin (OXT), a neuropeptide involved in mammal reproductive and prosocial behaviors, has been reported to interact with various stressor-provoked neurobiological changes, including neuroendocrine, neurotransmitter, and inflammatory processes. In view of disturbances in psychosocial relationships due to social isolation and physical distancing measures amid the COVID-19 pandemic, being one of the triggering factors for the recent rise in depression and anxiety, OXT is a potential candidate for a new antidepressant. METHODS In this present study, we have aimed to investigate the effects of oral administration of Rosmarinus officinalis extract (RE), extracted from distillation residue of rosemary essential oil, on central OXT level in the context of other stress biomarkers and neurotransmitter levels in mice models. Tail suspension test (TST) and elevated plus maze test (EPMT) following LPS injection were employed to assess depressive- and anxiety-like behavior in mice, respectively. FINDINGS Pretreatment with RE for seven days significantly improved behavior in TST and EPMT. Whole-genome microarray analysis reveals that RE significantly reversed TST stress-induced alterations in gene expressions related to oxytocinergic and neurotransmitter pathways and inflammatory processes. In both models, RE significantly increased central Oxt and Oxtr expressions, as well as OXT protein levels. RE also significantly attenuated stress-induced changes in serum corticosterone, brain and serum BDNF levels, and brain neurotransmitters levels in both models. INTERPRETATION Altogether, our study is the first to report antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like activities of RE through modulating oxytocinergic system in mice brain and thus highlights the prospects of RE in the treatment of depressive disorders of psychosocial nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Sasaki
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) and University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Farhana Ferdousi
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) and University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukumitsu
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Tsukuba Life Science Innovation Program (T-LSI), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8577 Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kuwata
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) and University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Tsukuba Life Science Innovation Program (T-LSI), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8577 Ibaraki, Japan.
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Agatonovic-Kustrin S, Balyklova KS, Gegechkori V, Morton DW. HPTLC and ATR/FTIR Characterization of Antioxidants in Different Rosemary Extracts. Molecules 2021; 26:6064. [PMID: 34641608 PMCID: PMC8513062 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of spontaneous fermentation by lactic acid bacteria on the extraction yield of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity from rosemary leaf extracts was investigated using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Brining and spontaneous fermentation with lactic acid bacteria more than doubled extraction of polyphenolics and antioxidants from the rosemary leaves. The results show that lactic acid fermentation enhances antioxidant activity in extracts by increasing the total phenolic content but does not increase extraction of phytosterols. Increased extraction of phenolic oxidants during fermentation assisted extraction, results from the in situ generated natural eutectic solvent from the plant sample. ATR-FTIR spectra from the bioactive bands suggests that this increased antioxidant activity is associated with increased extraction of rosmarinic acid, depolymerised lignin, abietane diterpenoids and 15-hydroxy-7-oxodehydroabietic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snezana Agatonovic-Kustrin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry named after Arzamastsev of the Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.S.B.); (V.G.); (D.W.M.)
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Edwards Rd, Bendigo 3550, Australia
| | - Ksenia S. Balyklova
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry named after Arzamastsev of the Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.S.B.); (V.G.); (D.W.M.)
| | - Vladimir Gegechkori
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry named after Arzamastsev of the Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.S.B.); (V.G.); (D.W.M.)
| | - David W. Morton
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry named after Arzamastsev of the Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (K.S.B.); (V.G.); (D.W.M.)
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Edwards Rd, Bendigo 3550, Australia
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An Exploration of the Effects of an Early Postpartum Intravenous Infusion with Carnosic Acid on Physiological Responses of Transition Dairy Cows. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091478. [PMID: 34573111 PMCID: PMC8466393 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound found in rosemary plants (Salvia rosmarinus) named carnosic acid during the transition period of dairy cows. From day 1 to 3 after calving, 16 multiparous Holstein cows received a daily intravenous infusion of either 500 mL of saline (NaCl 0.9%; Saline; n = 8) or carnosic acid at a rate of 0.3 mg/kg of BW supplied in 500 mL of saline (CA; n = 8). Blood samples were taken at –7, 2, 5, 7, 14, and 21 d relative to parturition, then analyzed for metabolites related to energy metabolism, muscle mass catabolism, liver function, inflammation, and oxidative stress. CA infusion tended to improve milk performance; however, DMI was unaffected by treatment. At 2 d relative to parturition, CA cows had lower blood concentrations of haptoglobin, paraoxonase, FRAP, and NO2– than saline cows. After treatment infusions, haptoglobin remained lower in CA cows than saline at 5 d relative to parturition. Our results demonstrate that carnosic acid promoted positive responses on inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers and may promote beneficial effects on lactation performance in peripartal dairy cows.
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79
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Elebeedy D, Elkhatib WF, Kandeil A, Ghanem A, Kutkat O, Alnajjar R, Saleh MA, Abd El Maksoud AI, Badawy I, Al-Karmalawy AA. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities of tanshinone IIA, carnosic acid, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid, baicalein, and glycyrrhetinic acid between computational and in vitro insights. RSC Adv 2021; 11:29267-29286. [PMID: 35492070 PMCID: PMC9040650 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05268c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Six compounds namely, tanshinone IIA (1), carnosic acid (2), rosmarinic acid (3), salvianolic acid B (4), baicalein (5), and glycyrrhetinic acid (6) were screened for their anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities against both the spike (S) and main protease (Mpro) receptors using molecular docking studies. Molecular docking recommended the superior affinities of both salvianolic acid B (4) and glycyrrhetinic acid (6) as the common results from the previously published computational articles. On the other hand, their actual anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities were tested in vitro using plaque reduction assay to calculate their IC50 values after measuring their CC50 values using MTT assay on Vero E6 cells. Surprisingly, tanshinone IIA (1) was the most promising member with IC50 equals 4.08 ng μl-1. Also, both carnosic acid (2) and rosmarinic acid (3) showed promising IC50 values of 15.37 and 25.47 ng μl-1, respectively. However, salvianolic acid (4) showed a weak anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity with an IC50 value equals 58.29 ng μl-1. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations for 100 ns were performed for the most active compound from the computational point of view (salvianolic acid 4), besides, the most active one biologically (tanshinone IIA 1) on both the S and Mpro complexes of them (four different molecular dynamics processes) to confirm the docking results and give more insights regarding the stability of both compounds inside the SARS-CoV-2 mentioned receptors, respectively. Also, to understand the mechanism of action for the tested compounds towards SARS-CoV-2 inhibition it was necessary to examine the mode of action for the most two promising compounds, tanshinone IIA (1) and carnosic acid (2). Both compounds (1 and 2) showed very promising virucidal activity with a most prominent inhibitory effect on viral adsorption rather than its replication. This recommended the predicted activity of the two compounds against the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 rather than its Mpro protein. Our results could be very promising to rearrange the previously mentioned compounds based on their actual inhibitory activities towards SARS-CoV-2 and to search for the reasons behind the great differences between their in silico and in vitro results against SARS-CoV-2. Finally, we recommend further advanced preclinical and clinical studies especially for tanshinone IIA (1) to be rapidly applied in COVID-19 management either alone or in combination with carnosic acid (2), rosmarinic acid (3), and/or salvianolic acid (4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Elebeedy
- College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST) 6th of October City Egypt
| | - Walid F Elkhatib
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization St. Abbassia Cairo 11566 Egypt.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University New Galala city, Suez Egypt
| | - Ahmed Kandeil
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre Giza 12622 Egypt
| | - Aml Ghanem
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City Sadat City Egypt
| | - Omnia Kutkat
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre Giza 12622 Egypt
| | - Radwan Alnajjar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Benghazi Benghazi Libya.,Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town Rondebosch 7701 South Africa
| | - Marwa A Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University Nasr City Cairo Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Abd El Maksoud
- Industrial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City Sadat City Egypt
| | - Ingy Badawy
- College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST) 6th of October City Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Al-Karmalawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt New Damietta 34518 Egypt
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Cao W, Liu T, Yang S, Liu M, Pan Z, Zhou Y, Deng X. Efficient Synthesis of Icetexane Diterpenes and Apoptosis Inducing Effect by Upregulating BiP-ATF4-CHOP Axis in Colorectal Cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:2012-2019. [PMID: 34170142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We herein present an efficient and robust synthetic strategy toward 12 icetexane diterpenes and their derivatives, which features a PPh3/DIAD-mediated rearrangement of the reduced carnosic acid derivative (2) to give (-)-barbatusol (3) in a regioselective and scalable way. MTT assay led to the identification of (+)-grandione (11) and (-)-demethylsalvicanol o-quinone derivative (9) as highly cytotoxic agents against HCT-116, COLO-205, and Caco-2 cells. Interestingly, (+)-grandione (11) induced the HCT-116 cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, which might be attributed to the upregulation of the BiP-ATF4-CHOP axis and promotion of the BiP-ATF4 interactions, thereby leading to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This work not only paves an efficient and scalable pathway to access icetexane diterpenes but also provides new leads for the development of anticolorectal agents with a unique mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cao
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan, China
| | - Shuting Yang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan, China
| | - Moude Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan, China
| | - Zhenghong Pan
- Guangxi Key laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Yingjun Zhou
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan, China
- Hunan Key laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan, China
| | - Xu Deng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan, China
- Hunan Key laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan, China
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81
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Zheng H, Li J, Ning F, Wijaya W, Chen Y, Xiao J, Cao Y, Huang Q. Improving in vitro bioaccessibility and bioactivity of carnosic acid using a lecithin-based nanoemulsion system. Food Funct 2021; 12:1558-1568. [PMID: 33459742 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02636k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As a phenolic terpenoid, carnosic acid (CA) mainly exists in rosemary, which can be effectively used for the treatment of degenerative and chronic diseases by taking advantage of its health-promoting bioactivities. However, the low solubility and dissolution of CA in aqueous solutions at ambient and body temperatures result in low stability and bioaccessibility during the digestion process, which limits its application scope in the functional foods industry. In this regard, a lecithin based nanoemulsion system (CA-NE) is employed in the present work to enhance the bioaccessibility and bioactivities of CA. It is revealed that the CA-NE under investigation exhibits high loading capacity (2.80 ± 0.15%), small particle size (172.0 ± 3.5 nm) with homogeneous particle distribution (polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.231± 0.025) and high repulsive force (zeta potential = -57.2 ± 0.24 mV). More importantly, the bioaccessibility of CA-NE is improved by 2.8-fold compared to that of CA in MCT oil. In addition, the cellular antioxidant assay (CAA) and cellular uptake study of the CA-NE in HepG2 cell models demonstrate a longer endocytosis process, suggesting the well-controlled release of CA from CA-NE. Furthermore, an improved anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated via the inhibition of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide (NO) and TNF-α production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The results clearly demonstrated a promising application of CA-NE as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Zheng
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA.
| | - Jun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
| | - Fangjian Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, College of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, P. R. China
| | - Wahyu Wijaya
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads Building 221, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yunjiao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, P.R. China
| | - Qingrong Huang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA.
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82
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Lee DK, Jang HD. Carnosic Acid Attenuates an Early Increase in ROS Levels during Adipocyte Differentiation by Suppressing Translation of Nox4 and Inducing Translation of Antioxidant Enzymes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116096. [PMID: 34198827 PMCID: PMC8201016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate molecular mechanisms underlying the ability of carnosic acid to attenuate an early increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels during MDI-induced adipocyte differentiation. The levels of superoxide anion and ROS were determined using dihydroethidium (DHE) and 2′-7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA), respectively. Both superoxide anion and ROS levels peaked on the second day of differentiation. They were suppressed by carnosic acid. Carnosic acid attenuates the translation of NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase 4 (Nox4), p47phox, and p22phox, and the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and NF-κB inhibitor (IkBa). The translocation of NF-κB into the nucleus was also decreased by carnosic acid. In addition, carnosic acid increased the translation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), γ–glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCSc), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) and both the translation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Taken together, these results indicate that carnosic acid could down-regulate ROS level in an early stage of MPI-induced adipocyte differentiation by attenuating ROS generation through suppression of NF-κB-mediated translation of Nox4 enzyme and increasing ROS neutralization through induction of Nrf2-mediated translation of phase II antioxidant enzymes such as HO-1, γ-GCS, and GST, leading to its anti-adipogenetic effect.
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83
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Unraveling the ethnopharmacological potential of medicinal plants used in Algerian traditional medicine for urinary diseases. Eur J Integr Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2021.101339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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84
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Molaei E, Molaei A, Abedi F, Hayes AW, Karimi G. Nephroprotective activity of natural products against chemical toxicants: The role of Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:3362-3384. [PMID: 34136201 PMCID: PMC8194945 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephropathy can occur following exposure of the kidneys to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is the result of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation due to intracellular catabolism or exogenous toxicant exposure. Many natural products (NPs) with antioxidant properties have been used to demonstrate that oxidative damage-induced nephrotoxicity can be ameliorated or at least reduced through stimulation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway. Nrf2 is a basic leucine zipper (bZip) transcription factor that regulates gene expression of the antioxidant response elements (ARE). Nrf2 is involved in the cellular antioxidant-detoxification machinery. Nrf2 activation is a major mechanism of nephroprotective activity for these NPs, which facilitates its entry into the nucleus, primarily by inhibiting Kelch like-ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). The purpose of this article was to review the peer-reviewed literature of NPs that have shown mitigating effects on renal disorder by stimulating Nrf2 and thereby suggesting potential new therapeutic or prophylactic strategies against kidney-damaging xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Molaei
- Faculty of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Ali Molaei
- Faculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Farshad Abedi
- Faculty of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | | | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research CenterInstitute of Pharmaceutical TechnologyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and ToxicologyFaculty of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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85
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Lee FY, Vo GT, Barrow CJ, Dunshea FR, Suleria HAR. Mango rejects and mango waste: Characterization and quantification of phenolic compounds and their antioxidant potential. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fung Ying Lee
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Gia Toan Vo
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Colin J. Barrow
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Geelong VIC Australia
| | - Frank R. Dunshea
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
- Faculty of Biological Sciences The University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - Hafiz A. R. Suleria
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Geelong VIC Australia
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86
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Oreopoulou A, Choulitoudi E, Tsimogiannis D, Oreopoulou V. Six Common Herbs with Distinctive Bioactive, Antioxidant Components. A Review of Their Separation Techniques. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102920. [PMID: 34069026 PMCID: PMC8157015 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosemary, oregano, pink savory, lemon balm, St. John’s wort, and saffron are common herbs wildly grown and easily cultivated in many countries. All of them are rich in antioxidant compounds that exhibit several biological and health activities. They are commercialized as spices, traditional medicines, or raw materials for the production of essential oils. The whole herbs or the residues of their current use are potential sources for the recovery of natural antioxidant extracts. Finding effective and feasible extraction and purification methods is a major challenge for the industrial production of natural antioxidant extracts. In this respect, the present paper is an extensive literature review of the solvents and extraction methods that have been tested on these herbs. Green solvents and novel extraction methods that can be easily scaled up for industrial application are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antigoni Oreopoulou
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou, 15780 Athens, Greece; (A.O.); (E.C.); (D.T.)
- Vioryl, Agricultural and Chemical Industry, Research S.A., 28th km National Road Athens-Lamia, 19014 Attiki, Greece
| | - Evanthia Choulitoudi
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou, 15780 Athens, Greece; (A.O.); (E.C.); (D.T.)
| | - Dimitrios Tsimogiannis
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou, 15780 Athens, Greece; (A.O.); (E.C.); (D.T.)
- NFA (Natural Food Additives), Laboratory of Natural Extracts Development, 6 Dios st, 17778 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Oreopoulou
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou, 15780 Athens, Greece; (A.O.); (E.C.); (D.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2107723166
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Antimicrobials from Medicinal Plants: An Emergent Strategy to Control Oral Biofilms. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11094020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Oral microbial biofilms, directly related to oral diseases, particularly caries and periodontitis, exhibit virulence factors that include acidification of the oral microenvironment and the formation of biofilm enriched with exopolysaccharides, characteristics and common mechanisms that, ultimately, justify the increase in antibiotics resistance. In this line, the search for natural products, mainly obtained through plants, and derived compounds with bioactive potential, endorse unique biological properties in the prevention of colonization, adhesion, and growth of oral bacteria. The present review aims to provide a critical and comprehensive view of the in vitro antibiofilm activity of various medicinal plants, revealing numerous species with antimicrobial properties, among which, twenty-four with biofilm inhibition/reduction percentages greater than 95%. In particular, the essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf and Lippia alba (Mill.) seem to be the most promising in fighting microbial biofilm in Streptococcus mutans, given their high capacity to reduce biofilm at low concentrations.
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88
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Nobile V, Schiano I, Peral A, Giardina S, Spartà E, Caturla N. Antioxidant and reduced skin-ageing effects of a polyphenol-enriched dietary supplement in response to air pollution: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Food Nutr Res 2021; 65:5619. [PMID: 33889065 PMCID: PMC8035891 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v65.5619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Air pollution exposure is one of the major threats to skin health and accelerates skin ageing mainly through oxidative stress mechanisms. Since it is difficult to minimize skin exposure to air pollutants, especially in urban areas, strategies to protect the skin are needed. Plant phenolic compounds have been found to be effective in attenuating cellular oxidative stress and inflammation induced by different air pollutants and a dietary approach based on these compounds could provide an efficient protection measure. Objective Here we investigated the efficacy of a commercially available polyphenol-enriched dietary supplement (Zeropollution®) in reducing pollution-induced oxidative stress and in improving different skin parameters related to skin ageing of Caucasian and Asian subjects exposed to air pollution. Zeropollution is composed of four standardized herbal extracts: Olea europaea leaf, Lippia citriodora, Rosmarinus officinalis, and Sophora japonica. Design A double-blind randomized, parallel group study was carried out on 100 outdoor workers living in a polluted urban European area (Milan) to assess the efficacy of the dietary supplement. The total antioxidant capacity on saliva (FRAP), the oxidative damage on skin (lipoperoxides content), skin moisturization (corneometer), transepidermal water loss (tewameter), skin radiance and colour (spectrophotometer), skin elasticity (cutometer), skin sebum content (sebumeter), and the skin roughness (image analysis) were measured. Results Both inter-group and intra-group analysis proved that the dietary supplement improved all clinical and biochemical-monitored parameters, in both Caucasian and Asian individuals. Some of the positive effects such as decreased wrinkle depth, increased elasticity and firmness, improved skin moisturization and transepidermal water loss, and reduced dark spots pigmentation were statistically significant as early as 2 weeks of product consumption. Conclusions The results of the study indicate reduced oxidative stress-induced skin damage in both Asian and Caucasian women living in a polluted urban area. Therefore, the oral intake of this four-plant based supplement could be considered a complementary nutrition strategy to avoid the negative effects of environmental pollution exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Peral
- Complife Italia Srl, San Martino Siccomario, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Nuria Caturla
- Complife Italia Srl, San Martino Siccomario, Pavia, Italy
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89
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Porras G, Chassagne F, Lyles JT, Marquez L, Dettweiler M, Salam AM, Samarakoon T, Shabih S, Farrokhi DR, Quave CL. Ethnobotany and the Role of Plant Natural Products in Antibiotic Drug Discovery. Chem Rev 2021; 121:3495-3560. [PMID: 33164487 PMCID: PMC8183567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The crisis of antibiotic resistance necessitates creative and innovative approaches, from chemical identification and analysis to the assessment of bioactivity. Plant natural products (NPs) represent a promising source of antibacterial lead compounds that could help fill the drug discovery pipeline in response to the growing antibiotic resistance crisis. The major strength of plant NPs lies in their rich and unique chemodiversity, their worldwide distribution and ease of access, their various antibacterial modes of action, and the proven clinical effectiveness of plant extracts from which they are isolated. While many studies have tried to summarize NPs with antibacterial activities, a comprehensive review with rigorous selection criteria has never been performed. In this work, the literature from 2012 to 2019 was systematically reviewed to highlight plant-derived compounds with antibacterial activity by focusing on their growth inhibitory activity. A total of 459 compounds are included in this Review, of which 50.8% are phenolic derivatives, 26.6% are terpenoids, 5.7% are alkaloids, and 17% are classified as other metabolites. A selection of 183 compounds is further discussed regarding their antibacterial activity, biosynthesis, structure-activity relationship, mechanism of action, and potential as antibiotics. Emerging trends in the field of antibacterial drug discovery from plants are also discussed. This Review brings to the forefront key findings on the antibacterial potential of plant NPs for consideration in future antibiotic discovery and development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Porras
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, 1557 Dickey Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - François Chassagne
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, 1557 Dickey Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - James T. Lyles
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, 1557 Dickey Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Lewis Marquez
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, 615 Michael St., Whitehead 115, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Micah Dettweiler
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University, 615 Michael St., Whitehead 105L, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Akram M. Salam
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, 615 Michael St., Whitehead 115, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Tharanga Samarakoon
- Emory University Herbarium, Emory University, 1462 Clifton Rd NE, Room 102, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Sarah Shabih
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, 1557 Dickey Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Darya Raschid Farrokhi
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, 1557 Dickey Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Cassandra L. Quave
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, 1557 Dickey Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30322
- Emory University Herbarium, Emory University, 1462 Clifton Rd NE, Room 102, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University, 615 Michael St., Whitehead 105L, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, 615 Michael St., Whitehead 115, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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90
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El-Huneidi W, Bajbouj K, Muhammad JS, Vinod A, Shafarin J, Khoder G, Saleh MA, Taneera J, Abu-Gharbieh E. Carnosic Acid Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Akt/mTOR Signaling in Human Gastric Cancer Cell Lines. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14030230. [PMID: 33800129 PMCID: PMC7998299 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is among the most common malignancies worldwide. Due to limited availability of therapeutic options, there is a constant need to find new therapies that could target advanced, recurrent, and metastatic gastric cancer. Carnosic acid is a naturally occurring polyphenolic abietane diterpene derived from Rosmarinus officinalis and reported to have numerous pharmacological effects. In this study, the cytotoxicity assay, Annexin V-FITC/PI, caspases 3, 8, and 9, cell cycle analysis, and Western blotting were used to assess the effect of carnosic acid on the growth and survival of human gastric cancer cell lines (AGS and MKN-45). Our findings showed that carnosic acid inhibited human gastric cancer cell proliferation and survival in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, carnosic acid is found to inhibit the phosphorylation/activation of Akt and mTOR. Moreover, carnosic acid enhanced the cleavage of PARP and downregulated survivin expression, both being known markers of apoptosis. In conclusion, carnosic acid exhibits antitumor activity against human gastric cancer cells via modulating the Akt-mTOR signaling pathway that plays a crucial role in gastric cancer cell proliferation and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem El-Huneidi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (W.E.-H.); (K.B.); (J.S.M.); (J.T.)
| | - Khuloud Bajbouj
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (W.E.-H.); (K.B.); (J.S.M.); (J.T.)
| | - Jibran Sualeh Muhammad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (W.E.-H.); (K.B.); (J.S.M.); (J.T.)
| | - Arya Vinod
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (A.V.); (J.S.)
| | - Jasmin Shafarin
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (A.V.); (J.S.)
| | - Ghalia Khoder
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Mohamed A. Saleh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 33516, Egypt
| | - Jalal Taneera
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (W.E.-H.); (K.B.); (J.S.M.); (J.T.)
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (A.V.); (J.S.)
| | - Eman Abu-Gharbieh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +971-6505-7289
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Jan JT, Cheng TJR, Juang YP, Ma HH, Wu YT, Yang WB, Cheng CW, Chen X, Chou TH, Shie JJ, Cheng WC, Chein RJ, Mao SS, Liang PH, Ma C, Hung SC, Wong CH. Identification of existing pharmaceuticals and herbal medicines as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2021579118. [PMID: 33452205 PMCID: PMC7865145 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2021579118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in more than 50 million confirmed cases and over 1 million deaths worldwide as of November 2020. Currently, there are no effective antivirals approved by the Food and Drug Administration to contain this pandemic except the antiviral agent remdesivir. In addition, the trimeric spike protein on the viral surface is highly glycosylated and almost 200,000 variants with mutations at more than 1,000 positions in its 1,273 amino acid sequence were reported, posing a major challenge in the development of antibodies and vaccines. It is therefore urgently needed to have alternative and timely treatments for the disease. In this study, we used a cell-based infection assay to screen more than 3,000 agents used in humans and animals, including 2,855 small molecules and 190 traditional herbal medicines, and identified 15 active small molecules in concentrations ranging from 0.1 nM to 50 μM. Two enzymatic assays, along with molecular modeling, were then developed to confirm those targeting the virus 3CL protease and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Several water extracts of herbal medicines were active in the cell-based assay and could be further developed as plant-derived anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. Some of the active compounds identified in the screen were further tested in vivo, and it was found that mefloquine, nelfinavir, and extracts of Ganoderma lucidum (RF3), Perilla frutescens, and Mentha haplocalyx were effective in a challenge study using hamsters as disease model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | | | - Yu-Pu Juang
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Hua Ma
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ta Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Bin Yang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Xiaorui Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hung Chou
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 128, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Jie Shie
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 128, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chieh Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Jie Chein
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 128, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Shan Mao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Hui Liang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Che Ma
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
| | | | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
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92
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de Paiva GB, Trindade MA, Romero JT, da Silva-Barretto AC. Antioxidant effect of acerola fruit powder, rosemary and licorice extract in caiman meat nuggets containing mechanically separated caiman meat. Meat Sci 2020; 173:108406. [PMID: 33338780 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant effect of acerola fruit powder, rosemary and licorice extract in caiman meat nuggets containing high amounts of mechanically separated caiman meat (MSCM) during 120 days of frozen storage. Five treatments were prepared: a control without antioxidant (CON), sodium erythorbate at 500 mg/kg (ERY), acerola fruit powder at 500 mg/kg (AFP), with licorice extract at 500 mg/kg (LIE) and rosemary extract at 500 mg/kg (ROE). The addition of natural antioxidants increased color, cohesiveness, and decreased TBARS values. The redness values were higher for LIE and these values were different to the CON. Nuggets with licorice extract had significantly lower TBARS values at the end of the storage period compared to the control. All the treatments were similar in sensory analysis, with good acceptability. These results indicate licorice extract used in caiman meat nuggets containing a high amount of MSCM caiman has the potential to improve quality during frozen storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilmar Borges de Paiva
- Department of Food Technology and Engineering, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Street Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Zip Code 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil; Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Mato Grosso - IFMT, Highway MT 235, KM 12, Rural Zone, ZiP Code 78360-000 Campo Novo do Parecis, MT, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Trindade
- Department of Food Engineering, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering of University of São Paulo, Avenue Duque de Caxias Norte 225, Zip Code 13635-900 Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Javier Telis Romero
- Department of Food Technology and Engineering, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Street Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Zip Code 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrea Carla da Silva-Barretto
- Department of Food Technology and Engineering, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Street Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Zip Code 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
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93
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Cheng J, Xu T, Xun C, Guo H, Cao R, Gao S, Sheng W. Carnosic acid protects against ferroptosis in PC12 cells exposed to erastin through activation of Nrf2 pathway. Life Sci 2020; 266:118905. [PMID: 33333051 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Ferroptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of spinal cord injury (SCI). Carnosic acid (CA) is a natural phenolic diterpene, which possesses diversiform activities. However, whether the protective effect of CA on SCI is partly due to inhibition of ferroptosis was seldom investigated. Therefore, the objective of this study aimed to investigate the role of CA on ferroptosis in PC12 cells and the underlying mechanisms. MAIN METHODS Cell viability, malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, glutathione (GSH) levels, and iron levels were detected to identify the construction of ferroptosis model in PC12 cell induced by erastin. The safe concentrations of CA on PC12 cells were measured via cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays. Then, cellular MDA contents, GSH levels, iron levels, reactive species (RS) generation, and mitochondrial morphology were tested to determine the influence of CA on ferroptosis in erastin-treated PC12 cells. In addition, Western blot and RT-qPCR were utilized to detecteddetect the ferroptosis-related genes and proteins expression levels. KEY FINDINGS Our study indicated that treatment with CA could reversed the increased MDA, iron, and RS levels, as well as the decreased GSH levels in erastin-treated PC12 cells. The protective effect of CA could be blocked by ML385. The inhibitory effect of CA on ferroptosis probably was partially governed by activation of Nrf2 to regulate the GSH synthesis and metabolism and cellular iron homeostasis. SIGNIFICANCE CA can inhibit ferroptosis in PC12 cells induced by erastin via activating Nrf2 pathway, indicating that CA could lead to neuroprotective effect by restraining the occurrence of ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China
| | - Chuanhui Xun
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China
| | - Hailong Guo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China
| | - Rui Cao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China
| | - Shutao Gao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China
| | - Weibin Sheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China.
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Colson C, Batrow PL, Gautier N, Rochet N, Ailhaud G, Peiretti F, Amri EZ. The Rosmarinus Bioactive Compound Carnosic Acid Is a Novel PPAR Antagonist That Inhibits the Browning of White Adipocytes. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112433. [PMID: 33171828 PMCID: PMC7695189 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermogenic brown and brite adipocytes convert chemical energy from nutrients into heat. Therapeutics that regulate brown adipocyte recruitment and activity represent interesting strategies to control fat mass such as in obesity or cachexia. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family plays key roles in the maintenance of adipose tissue and in the regulation of thermogenic activity. Activation of these receptors induce browning of white adipocyte. The purpose of this work was to characterize the role of carnosic acid (CA), a compound used in traditional medicine, in the control of brown/brite adipocyte formation and function. We used human multipotent adipose-derived stem (hMADS) cells differentiated into white or brite adipocytes. The expression of key marker genes was determined using RT-qPCR and western blotting. We show here that CA inhibits the browning of white adipocytes and favors decreased gene expression of thermogenic markers. CA treatment does not affect β-adrenergic response. Importantly, the effects of CA are fully reversible. We used transactivation assays to show that CA has a PPARα/γ antagonistic action. Our data pinpoint CA as a drug able to control PPAR activity through an antagonistic effect. These observations shed some light on the development of natural PPAR antagonists and their potential effects on thermogenic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécilia Colson
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, 06103 Nice, France; (C.C.); (P.-L.B.); (N.G.); (N.R.); (G.A.)
| | - Pierre-Louis Batrow
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, 06103 Nice, France; (C.C.); (P.-L.B.); (N.G.); (N.R.); (G.A.)
| | - Nadine Gautier
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, 06103 Nice, France; (C.C.); (P.-L.B.); (N.G.); (N.R.); (G.A.)
| | - Nathalie Rochet
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, 06103 Nice, France; (C.C.); (P.-L.B.); (N.G.); (N.R.); (G.A.)
| | - Gérard Ailhaud
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, 06103 Nice, France; (C.C.); (P.-L.B.); (N.G.); (N.R.); (G.A.)
| | - Franck Peiretti
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, 13007 Marseille, France;
| | - Ez-Zoubir Amri
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, 06103 Nice, France; (C.C.); (P.-L.B.); (N.G.); (N.R.); (G.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-493-37-70-82; Fax: +33-493-81-70-58
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Taïbi K, Abderrahim LA, Ferhat K, Betta S, Taïbi F, Bouraada F, Boussaid M. Ethnopharmacological study of natural products used for traditional cancer therapy in Algeria. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:1451-1465. [PMID: 33250653 PMCID: PMC7679473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional and complementary medicine constitutes an important, and often underestimated, source of healthcare for multiple diseases including cancer. However, little is known about the ethnomedical knowledge and practices in Northern Africa. The main objective of this study is to identify and analyze the variety of natural products used in Algerian ethnopharmacology for cancer therapy. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews with 225 traditional healers, herbalists and practitioners were realized in twelve locations in Algeria throughout field studies performed from June 2015 to July 2019. Interviews covered popular and vernacular names of the natural product, mode of use and administration, dose, period of treatment, toxicity and side effects among other data. The obtained results reveal the use of 113 medicinal plants (belonging to 53 families and 104 genera), 10 animal species and various products and by-products from different origins such as honey, olive oil, thorns, urine, milk, animal fat and the alkaline water of Zamzam. Basing on the frequency of citation (FC), use reports (UR) and use value (UV), the most used natural products for cancer treatment are honey (FC = 181, UR = 194, UV = 0.65), Nigella sativa L. (FC = 131, UR = 152, UV = 0.54), Aristolochia longa L. (FC = 118, UR = 144, UV = 0.51), Berberis vulgaris L. (FC = 111, UR = 142, UV = 0.51), Curcuma longa L. (FC = 107, UR = 121, UV = 0.43), Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (FC = 102; UR = 119, UV = 0.43), Citrus limon (L.) Obseck (FC = 97, UR = 120, UV = 0.43), Artemisia herba-alba Asso (FC = 92, UR = 115, UV = 0.41) and the holy water 'Zamzam' (FC = 110, UR = 110, UV = 0.43) respectively. Mixtures of two or more ingredients were frequently used. The use of Pelophylax saharicus skin' was reported for the first time for the treatment of visible tumors and skin cancer. This is the first study documenting the traditional uses of various natural products for cancer treatment in Algeria. Our findings are relevant to document the traditional uses of numerous natural products and to provide background basis to search for novel compounds for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Taïbi
- Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Tiaret, 14000, Algeria
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Karima Ferhat
- Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Tiaret, 14000, Algeria
| | - Soria Betta
- Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Tiaret, 14000, Algeria
| | - Fadhila Taïbi
- Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Tiaret, 14000, Algeria
| | - Fatiha Bouraada
- Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Tiaret, 14000, Algeria
| | - Mohamed Boussaid
- Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Tiaret, 14000, Algeria
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Peng YX, Chen CZ, Luo D, Yu WJ, Li SP, Xiao Y, Yuan B, Liang S, Yao XR, Kim NH, Jiang H, Zhang JB. Carnosic acid improves porcine early embryonic development by inhibiting the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. J Reprod Dev 2020; 66:555-562. [PMID: 33055461 PMCID: PMC7768177 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2020-086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnosic acid (CA), a natural catechol rosin diterpene, is used as an additive in animal feeds and human foods. However, the effects of CA on mammalian reproductive processes, especially early embryonic development, are unclear. In this study, we added CA to parthenogenetically activated porcine embryos in an in vitro culture medium to explore the influence of CA on apoptosis, proliferation, blastocyst formation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, glutathione (GSH) levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, and embryonic development-related gene expression. The results showed that supplementation with 10 μM CA during in vitro culture significantly improved the cleavage rates, blastocyst formation rates, hatching rates, and total numbers of cells of parthenogenetically activated porcine embryos compared with no supplementation. More importantly, supplementation with CA also improved GSH levels and mitochondrial membrane potential, reduced natural ROS levels in blastomeres, upregulated Nanog, Sox2, Gata4, Cox2, Itga5, and Rictor expression, and downregulated Birc5 and Caspase3 expression. These results suggest that CA can improve early porcine embryonic development by regulating oxidative stress. This study elucidates the effects of CA on early embryonic development and their potential mechanisms, and provides new applications for improving the quality of in vitro-developed embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xia Peng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Cheng-Zhen Chen
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Wen-Jie Yu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Sheng-Peng Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Bao Yuan
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Xue-Rui Yao
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyung Kim
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Jilin, China.,Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hao Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Jilin, China.,Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jia-Bao Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Jilin, China
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97
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Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Rosemary): An Ancient Plant with Uses in Personal Healthcare and Cosmetics. COSMETICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics7040077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This work is a bibliographical review of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) that focuses on the application of derivatives of this plant for cosmetic products, an application which has been recognized and valued since Ancient Egyptian times. Rosemary is a plant of Mediterranean origin that has been distributed throughout different areas of the world. It has many medicinal properties, and its extracts have been used (mainly orally) in folk medicine. It belongs to the Labiatae family, which contains several genera—such as Salvia, Lavandula, and Thymus—that are commonly used in cosmetics, due to their high prevalence of antioxidant molecules. Rosemary is a perennial shrub that grows in the wild or is cultivated. It has glandular hairs that emit fragrant volatile essential oils (mainly monoterpenes) in response to drought conditions in the Mediterranean climate. It also contains diterpenes such as carnosic acid and other polyphenolic molecules. Herein, the botanical and ecological characteristics of the plant are discussed, as well as the main bioactive compounds found in its volatile essential oil and in leaf extracts. Afterward, we review the applications of rosemary in cosmetics, considering its preservative power, the kinds of products in which it is used, and its toxicological safety, as well as its current uses or future applications in topical preparations, according to recent and ongoing studies.
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98
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Yang Y, Guo Y, Zhou Y, Gao Y, Wang X, Wang J, Niu X. Discovery of a Novel Natural Allosteric Inhibitor That Targets NDM-1 Against Escherichia coli. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:581001. [PMID: 33123013 PMCID: PMC7566295 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.581001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, the resistance of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) to carbapenems and cephalosporins, one of the mechanisms of bacterial resistance against β-lactam antibiotics, poses a threat to human health. In this work, based on the virtual ligand screen method, we found that carnosic acid1 (CA), a natural compound, exhibited a significant inhibitory effect against NDM-1 (IC50 = 27.07 μM). Although carnosic acid did not display direct antibacterial activity, the combination of carnosic acid and meropenem still showed bactericidal activity after the loss of bactericidal effect of meropenem. The experimental results showed that carnosic acid can enhance the antibacterial activity of meropenem against Escherichia coli ZC-YN3. To explore the inhibitory mechanism of carnosic acid against NDM-1, we performed the molecular dynamics simulation and binding energy calculation for the NDM-1-CA complex system. Notably, the 3D structure of the complex obtained from molecular modeling indicates that the binding region of carnosic acid with NDM-1 was not situated in the active region of protein. Due to binding to the allosteric pocket of carnosic acid, the active region conformation of NDM-1 was observed to have been altered. The distance from the active center of the NDM-1-CA complex was larger than that of the free protein, leading to loss of activity. Then, the mutation experiments showed that carnosic acid had lower inhibitory activity against mutated protein than wild-type proteins. Fluorescence experiments verified the results reported above. Thus, our data indicate that carnosic acid is a potential NDM-1 inhibitor and is a promising drug for the treatment of NDM-1 producing pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yonglin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yawen Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiyan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaodi Niu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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99
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Huyen LT, Oanh LT, Son NT, Thu NTM, Hoang NH, Yen PH, Nhiem NX, Huu Tai B, Kiem PV. A New Phenylethanoid Glycoside From the Leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis With Nitric Oxide Inhibitory Activity. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20969088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new phenylethanoid glycoside, named rosmacinalis (1), and 6x known compounds {2-phenylethyl O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1‴→6″)- O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), clinopodiolide C (3), rosmanol (4), 7 α-methoxyrosmanol (5) 7 β-methoxyrosmanol (6) and carnosol (7)} were isolated from the leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis. Their structures were determined by extensive analysis of high-resolution electron spray ionization mass spectrum and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral data, as well as by comparison of the spectral data with those reported in the literature. Anti-inflammatory activity of compounds 1‐7 was evaluated by their inhibition of NO production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. At a concentration of 100 µM, compounds 1 and 2 exhibited inhibitory rates of 47.1% ± 2.2% and 44.5% ± 1.3%, respectively, while compounds 3‐7 showed a cytotoxic effect. After dilution to a concentration of 20 µM, except compound 7, compounds 1‐6 did not show a cytotoxic effect. Their NO inhibitory rates ranged from 14.2% ± 1.3% to 31.1% ± 1.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Thi Huyen
- VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Le Thi Oanh
- VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Son
- VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Nguyen Huy Hoang
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Hai Yen
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Xuan Nhiem
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Bui Huu Tai
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phan Van Kiem
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
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100
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Donmez DB, Kacar S, Bagci R, Sahinturk V. Protective effect of carnosic acid on acrylamide-induced liver toxicity in rats: Mechanistic approach over Nrf2-Keap1 pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22524. [PMID: 32383547 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Acrylamide is a food contaminant with a range of toxic effects. Carnosic acid (C20 H28 O4 ) is a phenolic compound found in plants and has many beneficial effects. In this study, we aimed at investigating the effect of carnosic acid on acrylamide-induced liver damage. Rats (n = 7) were allotted to control, carnosic acid, acrylamide, acrylamide + carnosic acid groups. Animals were euthanized. Their blood was taken for biochemical analysis, and liver tissue was excised for morphological, immunohistochemical, and immunoblotting analyses. As a result, acrylamide reduced bodyweight, liver weight, catalase, and total antioxidant capacity levels but increased alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, malondialdehyde, total oxidant status, oxidative stress index levels, Nrf2, and Keap1 protein levels. In addition, acrylamide disrupted liver histology leading to vascular congestion, cellular infiltration, necrotic cells, and so forth. Carnosic acid cotreatment ameliorated the altered biochemical parameters, liver histology, Nrf2, and Keap1 enzyme levels. In conclusion, carnosic acid has the potential to be used as a protective agent against acrylamide-induced liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek B Donmez
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Sedat Kacar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Ridvan Bagci
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Varol Sahinturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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