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Song J, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Zhang K. Structural, expression and evolutionary analysis of the non-specific phospholipase C gene family in Gossypium hirsutum. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:979. [PMID: 29258435 PMCID: PMC5738194 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4370-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonspecific phospholipase C (NPC), which belongs to a phospholipase C subtype, is a class of phospholipases that hydrolyzes the primary membrane phospholipids, such as phosphatidylcholine, to yield sn-1, 2-diacylglycerol and a phosphorylated head-group. NPC plays multiple physiological roles in lipid metabolism and signaling in plants. To fully understand the putative roles of NPC genes in upland cotton, we cloned NPC genes from Gossypium hirsutum and carried out structural, expression and evolutionary analysis. RESULTS Eleven NPC genes were cloned from G. hirsutum, which were found on chromosomes scaffold269.1, D03, A07, D07, A08, D11, and scaffold3511_A13. All GhNPCs had typical phosphoesterase domains and have hydrolase activity that acts on ester bonds. GhNPCs were annotated as phospholipase C, which was involved in glycerophospholipid metabolism, ether lipid metabolism, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. These GhNPCs showed differential expression patterns in distinct plant tissues and in response to various types of stress (low-phosphate, salt, drought, and abscisic acid). They also had different types and numbers of cis-element. GhNPCs could be classified into four subfamilies. Four pairs of GhNPCs were generated by whole-genome duplication and they underwent purifying selection. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that GhNPCs are involved in regulating key abiotic stress responses and ABA signaling transduction, and they may have various functional roles for different members under complex abiotic stress conditions. Functional divergence may be the evolutionary driving force for the retention of four pairs of duplicate NPCs. Our analysis provides a solid foundation for the further functional characterization of the GhNPC gene family, and leads to potential applications in the genetic improvement of cotton cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuling Song
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yonghe Zhou
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Juren Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Kewei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Nakamura Y. Plant Phospholipid Diversity: Emerging Functions in Metabolism and Protein-Lipid Interactions. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 22:1027-1040. [PMID: 28993119 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipids are essential components of biological membranes and signal transduction cascades in plants. In recent years, plant phospholipid research was greatly advanced by the characterization of numerous mutants affected in phospholipid biosynthesis and the discovery of a number of functionally important phospholipid-binding proteins. It is now accepted that most phospholipids to some extent have regulatory functions, including those that serve as constituents of biological membranes. Phospholipids are more than an inert end product of lipid biosynthesis. This review article summarizes recent advances on phospholipid biosynthesis with a particular focus on polar head group synthesis, followed by a short overview on protein-phospholipid interactions as an emerging regulatory mechanism of phospholipid function in arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nakamura
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taiwan 11529, Taiwan; http://ipmb.sinica.edu.tw/index.html/?q=node/972&language=en.
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Zhang B, Wang Y, Liu JY. Genome-wide identification and characterization of phospholipase C gene family in cotton (Gossypium spp.). SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2017; 61:88-99. [PMID: 28547583 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-017-9053-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase C (PLC) are important regulatory enzymes involved in several lipid and Ca2+-dependent signaling pathways. Previous studies have elucidated the versatile roles of PLC genes in growth, development and stress responses of many plants, however, the systematic analyses of PLC genes in the important fiber-producing plant, cotton, are still deficient. In this study, through genome-wide survey, we identified twelve phosphatidylinositol-specific PLC (PI-PLC) and nine non-specific PLC (NPC) genes in the allotetraploid upland cotton Gossypium hirsutum and nine PI-PLC and six NPC genes in two diploid cotton G. arboretum and G.raimondii, respectively. The PI-PLC and NPC genes of G. hirsutum showed close phylogenetic relationship with their homologous genes in the diploid cottons and Arabidopsis. Segmental and tandem duplication contributed greatly to the formation of the gene family. Expression profiling indicated that few of the PLC genes are constitutely expressed, whereas most of the PLC genes are preferentially expressed in specific tissues and abiotic stress conditions. Promoter analyses further implied that the expression of these PLC genes might be regulated by MYB transcription factors and different phytohormones. These results not only suggest an important role of phospholipase C members in cotton plant development and abiotic stress response but also provide good candidate targets for future molecular breeding of superior cotton cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yanmei Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jin-Yuan Liu
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Glazinska P, Wojciechowski W, Kulasek M, Glinkowski W, Marciniak K, Klajn N, Kesy J, Kopcewicz J. De novo Transcriptome Profiling of Flowers, Flower Pedicels and Pods of Lupinus luteus (Yellow Lupine) Reveals Complex Expression Changes during Organ Abscission. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:641. [PMID: 28512462 PMCID: PMC5412092 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L., Taper c.), a member of the legume family (Fabaceae L.), has an enormous practical importance. Its excessive flower and pod abscission represents an economic drawback, as proper flower and seed formation and development is crucial for the plant's productivity. Generative organ detachment takes place at the basis of the pedicels, within a specialized group of cells collectively known as the abscission zone (AZ). During plant growth these cells become competent to respond to specific signals that trigger separation and lead to the abolition of cell wall adhesion. Little is known about the molecular network controlling the yellow lupine organ abscission. The aim of our study was to establish the divergences and similarities in transcriptional networks in the pods, flowers and flower pedicels abscised or maintained on the plant, and to identify genes playing key roles in generative organ abscission in yellow lupine. Based on de novo transcriptome assembly, we identified 166,473 unigenes representing 219,514 assembled unique transcripts from flowers, flower pedicels and pods undergoing abscission and from control organs. Comparison of the cDNA libraries from dropped and control organs helped in identifying 1,343, 2,933 and 1,491 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the flowers, flower pedicels and pods, respectively. In DEG analyses, we focused on genes involved in phytohormonal regulation, cell wall functioning and metabolic pathways. Our results indicate that auxin, ethylene and gibberellins are some of the main factors engaged in generative organ abscission. Identified 28 DEGs common for all library comparisons are involved in cell wall functioning, protein metabolism, water homeostasis and stress response. Interestingly, among the common DEGs we also found an miR169 precursor, which is the first evidence of micro RNA engaged in abscission. A KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the identified DEGs were predominantly involved in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, but some other pathways were also targeted. This study represents the first comprehensive transcriptome-based characterization of organ abscission in L. luteus and provides a valuable data source not only for understanding the abscission signaling pathway in yellow lupine, but also for further research aimed at improving crop yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Glazinska
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorun, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorun, Poland
| | - Waldemar Wojciechowski
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorun, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorun, Poland
| | - Milena Kulasek
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorun, Poland
| | - Wojciech Glinkowski
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorun, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Marciniak
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorun, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorun, Poland
| | - Natalia Klajn
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorun, Poland
| | - Jacek Kesy
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorun, Poland
| | - Jan Kopcewicz
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Nicolaus Copernicus UniversityTorun, Poland
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Cacas JL, Gerbeau-Pissot P, Fromentin J, Cantrel C, Thomas D, Jeannette E, Kalachova T, Mongrand S, Simon-Plas F, Ruelland E. Diacylglycerol kinases activate tobacco NADPH oxidase-dependent oxidative burst in response to cryptogein. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:585-598. [PMID: 27272019 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cryptogein is a 10 kDa protein secreted by the oomycete Phytophthora cryptogea that activates defence mechanisms in tobacco plants. Among early signalling events triggered by this microbial-associated molecular pattern is a transient apoplastic oxidative burst which is dependent on the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity of the RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG isoform D (RBOHD). Using radioactive [33 P]-orthophosphate labelling of tobacco Bright Yellow-2 suspension cells, we here provide in vivo evidence for a rapid accumulation of phosphatidic acid (PA) in response to cryptogein because of the coordinated onset of phosphoinositide-dependent phospholipase C and diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) activities. Both enzyme specific inhibitors and silencing of the phylogenetic cluster III of the tobacco DGK family were found to reduce PA production upon elicitation and to strongly decrease the RBOHD-mediated oxidative burst. Therefore, it appears that PA originating from DGK controls NADPH-oxidase activity. Amongst cluster III DGKs, the expression of DGK5-like was up-regulated in response to cryptogein. Besides DGK5-like is likely to be the main cluster III DGK isoform silenced in one of our mutant lines, making it a strong candidate for the observed response to cryptogein. The relevance of these results is discussed with regard to early signalling lipid-mediated events in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Cacas
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Patricia Gerbeau-Pissot
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Jérôme Fromentin
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Catherine Cantrel
- UPMC UnivParis06, UR5, Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, 4 place Jussieu, 75252, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Dominique Thomas
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Jeannette
- UPMC UnivParis06, UR5, Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, 4 place Jussieu, 75252, Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Tetiana Kalachova
- UPE, UPEC, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, 61 avenue du général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
- CNRS, UMR7618, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, 61 avenue du général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- CNRS, UMR 5200 Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, BP81, F-33883, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Françoise Simon-Plas
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Eric Ruelland
- UPMC UnivParis06, UR5, Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Plantes, 4 place Jussieu, 75252, Paris cedex 05, France
- UPE, UPEC, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, 61 avenue du général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
- CNRS, UMR7618, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, 61 avenue du général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
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Podo F, Paris L, Cecchetti S, Spadaro F, Abalsamo L, Ramoni C, Ricci A, Pisanu ME, Sardanelli F, Canese R, Iorio E. Activation of Phosphatidylcholine-Specific Phospholipase C in Breast and Ovarian Cancer: Impact on MRS-Detected Choline Metabolic Profile and Perspectives for Targeted Therapy. Front Oncol 2016; 6:171. [PMID: 27532027 PMCID: PMC4969288 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying the aberrant phosphatidylcholine cycle in cancer cells plays in favor of the use of metabolic imaging in oncology and opens the way for designing new targeted therapies. The anomalous choline metabolic profile detected in cancer by magnetic resonance spectroscopy and spectroscopic imaging provides molecular signatures of tumor progression and response to therapy. The increased level of intracellular phosphocholine (PCho) typically detected in cancer cells is mainly attributed to upregulation of choline kinase, responsible for choline phosphorylation in the biosynthetic Kennedy pathway, but can also be partly produced by activation of phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC). This hydrolytic enzyme, known for implications in bacterial infection and in plant survival to hostile environmental conditions, is reported to be activated in mitogen- and oncogene-induced phosphatidylcholine cycles in mammalian cells, with effects on cell signaling, cell cycle regulation, and cell proliferation. Recent investigations showed that PC-PLC activation could account for 20–50% of the intracellular PCho production in ovarian and breast cancer cells of different subtypes. Enzyme activation was associated with PC-PLC protein overexpression and subcellular redistribution in these cancer cells compared with non-tumoral counterparts. Moreover, PC-PLC coimmunoprecipitated with the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) and EGFR in HER2-overexpressing breast and ovarian cancer cells, while pharmacological PC-PLC inhibition resulted into long-lasting HER2 downregulation, retarded receptor re-expression on plasma membrane and antiproliferative effects. This body of evidence points to PC-PLC as a potential target for newly designed therapies, whose effects can be preclinically and clinically monitored by metabolic imaging methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Podo
- Molecular and Cellular Imaging Unit, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Luisa Paris
- Molecular and Cellular Imaging Unit, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Serena Cecchetti
- Molecular and Cellular Imaging Unit, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Francesca Spadaro
- Molecular and Cellular Imaging Unit, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Laura Abalsamo
- Molecular and Cellular Imaging Unit, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Carlo Ramoni
- Molecular and Cellular Imaging Unit, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Alessandro Ricci
- Molecular and Cellular Imaging Unit, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Maria Elena Pisanu
- Molecular and Cellular Imaging Unit, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Francesco Sardanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Research Hospital Policlinico San Donato , Milan , Italy
| | - Rossella Canese
- Molecular and Cellular Imaging Unit, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Egidio Iorio
- Molecular and Cellular Imaging Unit, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
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Kelly AA, Feussner I. Oil is on the agenda: Lipid turnover in higher plants. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1253-1268. [PMID: 27155216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lipases hydrolyze ester bonds within lipids. This process is called lipolysis. They are key players in lipid turnover and involved in numerous metabolic pathways, many of which are shared between organisms like the mobilization of neutral or storage lipids or lipase-mediated membrane lipid homeostasis. Some reactions though are predominantly present in certain organisms, such as the production of signaling molecules (endocannabinoids) by diacylglycerol (DAG) and monoacylglycerol (MAG) lipases in mammals and plants or the jasmonate production in flowering plants. This review aims at giving an overview of the different functional classes of lipases and respective well-known activities, with a focus on the most recent findings in plant biology for selected classes. Here we will put an emphasis on the physiological role and contribution of lipases to the turnover of neutral lipids found in seed oil and other vegetative tissue as candidates for increasing the economical values of crop plants. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Lipid Biology edited by Kent D. Chapman and Ivo Feussner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie A Kelly
- Georg-August-University, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Georg-August-University, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Georg-August-University, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Georg-August-University, International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion (ICASEC), Justus-von-Liebig Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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58
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Cao H, Zhuo L, Su Y, Sun L, Wang X. Non-specific phospholipase C1 affects silicon distribution and mechanical strength in stem nodes of rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 86:308-21. [PMID: 26991499 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Silicon, the second abundant element in the crust, is beneficial for plant growth, mechanical strength, and stress responses. Here we show that manipulation of the non-specific phospholipase C1, NPC1, alters silicon content in nodes and husks of rice (Oryza sativa). Silicon content in NPC1-overexpressing (OE) plants was decreased in nodes but increased in husks compared to wild-type, whereas RNAi suppression of NPC1 resulted in the opposite changes to those of NPC1-OE plants. NPC1 from rice hydrolyzed phospholipids and galactolipids to generate diacylglycerol that can be phosphorylated to phosphatidic acid. Phosphatidic acid interacts with Lsi6, a silicon transporter that is expressed at the highest level in nodes. In addition, the node cells of NPC1-OE plants have lower contents of cellulose and hemicellulose, and thinner sclerenchyma and vascular bundle fibre cells than wild-type plants; whereas NPC1-RNAi plants displayed the opposite changes. These data indicate that NPC1 modulates silicon distribution and secondary cell wall deposition in nodes and grains, affecting mechanical strength and seed shattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huasheng Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lin Zhuo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuan Su
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, Missouri, 63121, USA
| | - Linxiao Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, Missouri, 63121, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
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59
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Hong Y, Zhao J, Guo L, Kim SC, Deng X, Wang G, Zhang G, Li M, Wang X. Plant phospholipases D and C and their diverse functions in stress responses. Prog Lipid Res 2016; 62:55-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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60
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Nakamura Y. Function of polar glycerolipids in flower development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 60:17-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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61
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Wang F, Deng Y, Zhou Y, Dong J, Chen H, Dong Y, Wang N, Li X, Li H. Genome-Wide Analysis and Expression Profiling of the Phospholipase C Gene Family in Soybean (Glycine max). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138467. [PMID: 26421918 PMCID: PMC4589352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) hydrolyses phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate to produce diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. It plays an important role in plant development and abiotic stress responses. However, systematic analysis and expression profiling of the phospholipase C (PLC) gene family in soybean have not been reported. In this study, 12 putative PLC genes were identified in the soybean genome. Soybean PLCs were found on chromosomes 2, 11, 14 and 18 and encoded 58.8-70.06 kD proteins. Expression pattern analysis by RT-PCR demonstrated that expression of the GmPLCs was induced by PEG, NaCl and saline-alkali treatments in roots and leaves. GmPLC transcripts accumulated specifically in roots after ABA treatment. Furthermore, GmPLC transcripts were analyzed in various tissues. The results showed that GmPLC7 was highly expressed in most tissues, whereas GmPLC12 was expressed in early pods specifically. In addition, subcellular localization analysis was carried out and confirmed that GmPLC10 was localized in the plasma membrane in Nicotiana benthamiana. Our genomic analysis of the soybean PLC family provides an insight into the regulation of abiotic stress responses and development. It also provides a solid foundation for the functional characterization of the soybean PLC gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Deng
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yonggang Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinye Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Huan Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanyuan Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Borrelli GM, Trono D. Recombinant Lipases and Phospholipases and Their Use as Biocatalysts for Industrial Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:20774-840. [PMID: 26340621 PMCID: PMC4613230 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160920774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipases and phospholipases are interfacial enzymes that hydrolyze hydrophobic ester linkages of triacylglycerols and phospholipids, respectively. In addition to their role as esterases, these enzymes catalyze a plethora of other reactions; indeed, lipases also catalyze esterification, transesterification and interesterification reactions, and phospholipases also show acyltransferase, transacylase and transphosphatidylation activities. Thus, lipases and phospholipases represent versatile biocatalysts that are widely used in various industrial applications, such as for biodiesels, food, nutraceuticals, oil degumming and detergents; minor applications also include bioremediation, agriculture, cosmetics, leather and paper industries. These enzymes are ubiquitous in most living organisms, across animals, plants, yeasts, fungi and bacteria. For their greater availability and their ease of production, microbial lipases and phospholipases are preferred to those derived from animals and plants. Nevertheless, traditional purification strategies from microbe cultures have a number of disadvantages, which include non-reproducibility and low yields. Moreover, native microbial enzymes are not always suitable for biocatalytic processes. The development of molecular techniques for the production of recombinant heterologous proteins in a host system has overcome these constraints, as this allows high-level protein expression and production of new redesigned enzymes with improved catalytic properties. These can meet the requirements of specific industrial process better than the native enzymes. The purpose of this review is to give an overview of the structural and functional features of lipases and phospholipases, to describe the recent advances in optimization of the production of recombinant lipases and phospholipases, and to summarize the information available relating to their major applications in industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia M Borrelli
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca per la Cerealicoltura, S.S. 673 Km 25, 200-71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Daniela Trono
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca per la Cerealicoltura, S.S. 673 Km 25, 200-71122 Foggia, Italy.
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Ben Halima N, Ben Saad R, Khemakhem B, Fendri I, Abdelkafi S. Oat (Avena sativa L.): Oil and Nutriment Compounds Valorization for Potential Use in Industrial Applications. J Oleo Sci 2015; 64:915-32. [PMID: 26250424 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess15074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oat is a promising plant for the future. It is edible and beneficial thanks to its nutritional, medicinal and pharmaceutical uses and, hence, recognized to be useful for a healthier world. The assessment of the vital functions of oat components is important for industries requiring correct health labelling, valid during the shelf life of any product. Oil, enzymes and other biomolecules of nutraceutic or dietary usage from oats would be valorized for this purpose. Although oats have a unique and versatile composition including antioxidants and biomolecules indispensable for health, they are undervalued in comparison with other staple cereals such as wheat, barley and rice. Furthermore, oats, apart from maize, comprise a high oil content used for a wide range of beneficial purposes. In addition, they contain beta glucan that has proven to be very helpful in reducing blood cholesterol levels and other cardiovascular diseases risks. In fact, there is diversity in the composition and content of the beneficial oat components within their genotypes and the different environmental conditions and, thus, oats are amenable to be enhanced by agronomic practices and genetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihed Ben Halima
- Biological Engineering Department, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax
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64
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Singh A, Bhatnagar N, Pandey A, Pandey GK. Plant phospholipase C family: Regulation and functional role in lipid signaling. Cell Calcium 2015; 58:139-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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65
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Ruelland E, Kravets V, Derevyanchuk M, Martinec J, Zachowski A, Pokotylo I. Role of phospholipid signalling in plant environmental responses. ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 114:129-143. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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66
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Lin PC, Hu WC, Lee SC, Chen YL, Lee CY, Chen YR, Liu LYD, Chen PY, Lin SS, Chang YC. Application of an Integrated Omics Approach for Identifying Host Proteins That Interact With Odontoglossum ringspot virus Capsid Protein. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2015; 28:711-26. [PMID: 25625820 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-08-14-0246-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The glutamic acid at position 100 (E(100)) in the capsid protein (CP) of Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) plays an important role in long-distance viral movement in Nicotiana benthamiana. The ORSV(E100A) mutant, which has a glutamic acid to alanine substitution, shows a loss of systemic infectivity in N. benthamiana. Transmission electron microscopy and size-exclusion chromatography assays showed that E(100) is essential for CP-CP interaction and viral particle assembly. To identify the ORSV triggering or response genes and CP-interacting proteins (CP-IP), an integrated omics approach based on next-generation sequencing and proteomics profiling was used in this study. The whole-transcriptomes of healthy and ORSV-infected leaves of N. benthamiana were analyzed, and the gene information was used to create a N. benthamiana protein database that was used for protein identification following mass spectrometry analysis. The integrated omics approach identified several putative host proteins that interact with ORSV CP(WT) and were categorized as photosystem subunits, defense-associated proteins, and cell division components. The expression pattern and CP interaction of these CP-IP were examined by semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and an in vitro binding assay, respectively, to verify the in silico data. Among these proteins, a proteinase inhibitor of N. benthamiana (NbPI2) was highly associated with CP(E100A) as compared with CP(WT), and NbPI1 and NbPI2 were highly induced in ORSV-infected plants. NbPI1- and NbPI2-silenced plants (via a Tobacco rattle virus-induced gene-silencing system) did not exhibit a difference in ORSV infection. Thus, whether NbPI1 and NbPI2 play a role in plant immunity requires further investigation. In summary, the integrated omics approach provides massive and valuable information to identify the ORSV CP-IP and these CP-IP will help us to understand the movement of this virus and plant-virus interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Chun Lin
- 1 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
- 2 Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, 81, Chang-Xing St., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Hu
- 1 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chuan Lee
- 1 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Lan Chen
- 4 Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Rd, Sec. 2, Taipei, Taiwan
- 5 Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ying Lee
- 4 Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Rd, Sec. 2, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yet-Ran Chen
- 4 Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Rd, Sec. 2, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yu Daisy Liu
- 6 Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yen Chen
- 1 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Shun Lin
- 2 Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, 81, Chang-Xing St., Taipei, Taiwan
- 3 Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
- 4 Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Rd, Sec. 2, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chun Chang
- 1 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
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Pejchar P, Potocký M, Krčková Z, Brouzdová J, Daněk M, Martinec J. Non-specific phospholipase C4 mediates response to aluminum toxicity in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:66. [PMID: 25763003 PMCID: PMC4329606 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum ions (Al) have been recognized as a major toxic factor for crop production in acidic soils. The first indication of the Al toxicity in plants is the cessation of root growth, but the mechanism of root growth inhibition is largely unknown. Here we examined the impact of Al on the expression, activity, and function of the non-specific phospholipase C4 (NPC4), a plasma membrane-bound isoform of NPC, a member of the plant phospholipase family, in Arabidopsis thaliana. We observed a lower expression of NPC4 using β-glucuronidase assay and a decreased formation of labeled diacylglycerol, product of NPC activity, using fluorescently labeled phosphatidylcholine as a phospholipase substrate in Arabidopsis WT seedlings treated with AlCl3 for 2 h. The effect on in situ NPC activity persisted for longer Al treatment periods (8, 14 h). Interestingly, in seedlings overexpressing NPC4, the Al-mediated NPC-inhibiting effect was alleviated at 14 h. However, in vitro activity and localization of NPC4 were not affected by Al, thus excluding direct inhibition by Al ions or possible translocation of NPC4 as the mechanisms involved in NPC-inhibiting effect. Furthermore, the growth of tobacco pollen tubes rapidly arrested by Al was partially rescued by the overexpression of AtNPC4 while Arabidopsis npc4 knockout lines were found to be more sensitive to Al stress during long-term exposure of Al at low phosphate conditions. Our observations suggest that NPC4 plays a role in both early and long-term responses to Al stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Přemysl Pejchar
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, PragueCzech Republic
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68
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Pejchar P, Martinec J. Aluminum ions alter the function of non-specific phospholipase C through the changes in plasma membrane physical properties. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e1031938. [PMID: 26024014 PMCID: PMC4622580 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1031938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The first indication of the aluminum (Al) toxicity in plants growing in acidic soils is the cessation of root growth, but the detailed mechanism of Al effect is unknown. Here we examined the impact of Al stress on the activity of non-specific phospholipase C (NPC) in the connection with the processes related to the plasma membrane using fluorescently labeled phosphatidylcholine. We observed a rapid and significant decrease of labeled diacylglycerol (DAG), product of NPC activity, in Arabidopsis seedlings treated with AlCl₃. Interestingly, an application of the membrane fluidizer, benzyl alcohol, restored the level of DAG during Al treatment. Our observations suggest that the activity of NPC is affected by Al-induced changes in plasma membrane physical properties.
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Key Words
- Arabidopsis thaliana
- BA, benzyl alcohol
- BODIPY
- BODIPY, 4, 4-difluoro-4-bora-3a, 4a-diaza-s-indacene
- BY-2, Bright Yellow 2
- DAG, diacylglycerol
- HP-TLC, high-performance thin-layer chromatography
- MS, Murashige-Skoog
- NPC, non-specific phospholipase C
- PA, phosphatidic acid
- PC, phosphatidylcholine
- PC-PLC, phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C
- PI-PLC, phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C
- PIP2, phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate
- PLD, phospholipase D
- PM, plasma membrane.
- aluminum toxicity
- benzyl alcohol
- diacylglycerol
- membrane fluidity
- non-specific phospholipase C
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Affiliation(s)
- Přemysl Pejchar
- Institute of Experimental Botany, v. v. i.; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Martinec
- Institute of Experimental Botany, v. v. i.; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague, Czech Republic
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69
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Krčková Z, Brouzdová J, Daněk M, Kocourková D, Rainteau D, Ruelland E, Valentová O, Pejchar P, Martinec J. Arabidopsis non-specific phospholipase C1: characterization and its involvement in response to heat stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:928. [PMID: 26581502 PMCID: PMC4631941 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis non-specific phospholipase C (NPC) protein family is encoded by the genes NPC1 - NPC6. It has been shown that NPC4 and NPC5 possess phospholipase C activity; NPC3 has lysophosphatidic acid phosphatase activity. NPC3, 4 and 5 play roles in the responses to hormones and abiotic stresses. NPC1, 2 and 6 has not been studied functionally yet. We found that Arabidopsis NPC1 expressed in Escherichia coli possesses phospholipase C activity in vitro. This protein was able to hydrolyse phosphatidylcholine to diacylglycerol. NPC1-green fluorescent protein was localized to secretory pathway compartments in Arabidopsis roots. In the knock out T-DNA insertion line NPC1 (npc1) basal thermotolerance was impaired compared with wild-type (WT); npc1 exhibited significant decreases in survival rate and chlorophyll content at the seventh day after heat stress (HS). Conversely, plants overexpressing NPC1 (NPC1-OE) were more resistant to HS compared with WT. These findings suggest that NPC1 is involved in the plant response to heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Krčková
- Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of SciencesPrague, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, PraguePrague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Brouzdová
- Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of SciencesPrague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Daněk
- Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of SciencesPrague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Kocourková
- Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of SciencesPrague, Czech Republic
| | - Dominique Rainteau
- 1ERL Inserm U1157/UMR7203, Faculté de Medecine Pierre et Marie CurieParis, France
| | - Eric Ruelland
- CNRS, UMR7618, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de ParisCréteil, France
- Université Paris Est, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris, UPECCréteil, France
| | - Olga Valentová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, PraguePrague, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Pejchar
- Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of SciencesPrague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Martinec
- Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of SciencesPrague, Czech Republic
- *Correspondence: Jan Martinec,
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70
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Onelli E, Idilli AI, Moscatelli A. Emerging roles for microtubules in angiosperm pollen tube growth highlight new research cues. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:51. [PMID: 25713579 PMCID: PMC4322846 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In plants, actin filaments have an important role in organelle movement and cytoplasmic streaming. Otherwise microtubules (MTs) have a role in restricting organelles to specific areas of the cell and in maintaining organelle morphology. In somatic plant cells, MTs also participate in cell division and morphogenesis, allowing cells to take their definitive shape in order to perform specific functions. In the latter case, MTs influence assembly of the cell wall, controlling the delivery of enzymes involved in cellulose synthesis and of wall modulation material to the proper sites. In angiosperm pollen tubes, organelle movement is generally attributed to the acto-myosin system, the main role of which is in distributing organelles in the cytoplasm and in carrying secretory vesicles to the apex for polarized growth. Recent data on membrane trafficking suggests a role of MTs in fine delivery and repositioning of vesicles to sustain pollen tube growth. This review examines the role of MTs in secretion and endocytosis, highlighting new research cues regarding cell wall construction and pollen tube-pistil crosstalk, that help unravel the role of MTs in polarized growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aurora I. Idilli
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council and Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy
| | - Alessandra Moscatelli
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Alessandra Moscatelli, Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria, 26, 20113 Milano, Italy e-mail:
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71
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Christeller JT, Galis I. α-linolenic acid concentration and not wounding per se is the key regulator of octadecanoid (oxylipin) pathway activity in rice (Oryza sativa L.) leaves. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 83:117-25. [PMID: 25129550 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Using an in vitro system composed of crushed leaf tissues to simulate the wounding response in rice leaves, we established that synthesis of jasmonic acid (JA) and jasmonic acid-isoleucine (JA-Ile) can only occur in unwounded tissue and, in wounded tissue, that only the chloroplast-located section of the octadecanoid pathway is active, resulting in the accumulation of 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA). We further showed that OPDA accumulation in vitro was inhibited by 90% using the general lipase inhibitor, tetrahydrolipstatin, indicating that production of α-linolenic acid was the rate-limiting step in octadecanoid pathway activity in rice following wounding and the enzyme capacity for an active pathway was already present. We confirmed this result by showing that added α-linolenic acid stimulated OPDA synthesis in vitro and stimulated OPDA, JA and JA-Ile synthesis in vivo in unwounded tissue. Thus, the response to wounding can be mimicked by the provision of free α-linolenic acid. Our results draw attention to the key importance of lipase activity in initiation of JA and JA-Ile biosynthesis and our lack of knowledge of the cognate lipase(s), lipase substrate identity and mechanism(s) of activation in wounded and unwounded tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Christeller
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-10-1, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan.
| | - Ivan Galis
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-10-1, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan.
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72
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Peters C, Kim SC, Devaiah S, Li M, Wang X. Non-specific phospholipase C5 and diacylglycerol promote lateral root development under mild salt stress in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:2002-13. [PMID: 24689655 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Developing a robust root system is crucial to plant survival and competition for soil resources. Here we report that the non-specific phospholipase C5 (NPC5) and its derived lipid mediator diacylglycerol (DAG) mediate lateral root (LR) development during salt stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. T-DNA knockout mutant npc5-1 produced few to no LR under mild NaCl stress, whereas overexpression of NPC5 increased LR number. Roots of npc5-1 contained a lower level of DAG than wild type, whereas NPC5 overexpressor exhibited an increase in DAG level. Application of DAG, but not phosphatidic acid, fully restored LR growth of npc5-1 to that of wild type under NaCl stress. NPC5 expression was significantly induced in Arabidopsis seedlings treated with NaCl. Npc5-1 was less responsive to auxin-mediated root growth than the wild type. These results indicate that NPC5 mediates LR development in response to salt stress and suggest that DAG functions as a lipid mediator in the stress signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Peters
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
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73
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Zhang K, Jin C, Wu L, Hou M, Dou S, Pan Y. Expression analysis of a stress-related phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C gene in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PLoS One 2014; 9:e105061. [PMID: 25121594 PMCID: PMC4133336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant phosphoinositide-specific phospholipases C (PI-PLCs) function in several essential plant processes associated with either development or environmental stress. In this report, we examined the expression patterns of TaPLC1 under drought and high salinity stress at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. TaPLC1 mRNA was expressed in all wheat organs examined. U73122 and edelfosine, the PLC inhibitor, impaired seedling growth and enhanced seedling sensitivity to drought and high salinity stress. Though TaPLC1 expression in wheat was lowest at the seedling stage, it was strongly induced under conditions of stress. When 6-day-old wheat seedlings were treated with 200 mM NaCl or 20% (w/v) PEG 6000 for 6 or 12 h, respectively, the TaPLC1 transcript level increased by 16-fold compared to the control. Western blotting showed that the TaPLC protein concentration was also maintained at a high level from 24 to 48 h during stress treatment. Together, our results indicate the possible biological functions of TaPLC1 in regulating seedling growth and the response to drought and salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- College of Life Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China
| | - Congcong Jin
- College of Life Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China
| | - Lizhu Wu
- College of Life Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China
| | - Mingyu Hou
- College of Life Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China
| | - Shijuan Dou
- College of Life Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China
| | - Yanyun Pan
- College of Life Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China
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74
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Okazaki Y, Saito K. Roles of lipids as signaling molecules and mitigators during stress response in plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 79:584-96. [PMID: 24844563 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are the major constituents of biological membranes that can sense extracellular conditions. Lipid-mediated signaling occurs in response to various environmental stresses, such as temperature change, salinity, drought and pathogen attack. Lysophospholipid, fatty acid, phosphatidic acid, diacylglycerol, inositol phosphate, oxylipins, sphingolipid, and N-acylethanolamine have all been proposed to function as signaling lipids. Studies on these stress-inducible lipid species have demonstrated that each lipid class has specific biological relevance, biosynthetic mechanisms and signaling cascades, which activate defense reactions at the transcriptional level. In addition to their roles in signaling, lipids also function as stress mitigators to reduce the intensity of stressors. To mitigate particular stresses, enhanced syntheses of unique lipids that accumulate in trace quantities under normal growth conditions are often observed under stressed conditions. The accumulation of oligogalactolipids and glucuronosyldiacylglycerol has recently been found to mitigate freezing and nutrition-depletion stresses, respectively, during lipid remodeling. In addition, wax, cutin and suberin, which are not constituents of the lipid bilayer, but are components derived from lipids, contribute to the reduction of drought stress and tissue injury. These features indicate that lipid-mediated defenses against environmental stress contributes to plant survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yozo Okazaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
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Potocký M, Pleskot R, Pejchar P, Vitale N, Kost B, Žárský V. Live-cell imaging of phosphatidic acid dynamics in pollen tubes visualized by Spo20p-derived biosensor. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 203:483-494. [PMID: 24750036 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Although phosphatidic acid (PA) is structurally the simplest membrane phospholipid, it has been implicated in the regulation of many cellular events, including cytoskeletal dynamics, membrane trafficking and stress responses. Plant PA shows rapid turnover but the information about its spatio-temporal distribution in plant cells is missing. Here we demonstrate the use of a lipid biosensor that enables us to monitor PA dynamics in plant cells. The biosensor consists of a PA-binding domain of yeast SNARE Spo20p fused to fluorescent proteins. Live-cell imaging of PA dynamics in transiently transformed tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) pollen tubes was performed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. In growing pollen tubes, PA shows distinct annulus-like fluorescence pattern in the plasma membrane behind the extreme tip. Coexpression studies with markers for other plasmalemma signaling lipids phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and diacylglycerol revealed limited colocalization at the shoulders of the apex. PA distribution and concentrations show distinct responses to various lipid signaling inhibitors. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) analysis suggests high PA turnover in the plasma membrane. Our data show that a biosensor based on the Spo20p-PA binding domain is suitable for live-cell imaging of PA also in plant cells. In tobacco pollen tubes, distinct subapical PA maximum corroborates its involvement in the regulation of endocytosis and actin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Potocký
- Institute of Experimental Botany, v. v. i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16502, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Pleskot
- Institute of Experimental Botany, v. v. i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16502, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Pejchar
- Institute of Experimental Botany, v. v. i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16502, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Nicolas Vitale
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Integratives, CNRS UPR3212 and Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Benedikt Kost
- Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Viktor Žárský
- Institute of Experimental Botany, v. v. i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16502, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Pleskot R, Pejchar P, Staiger CJ, Potocký M. When fat is not bad: the regulation of actin dynamics by phospholipid signaling molecules. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:5. [PMID: 24478785 PMCID: PMC3899574 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton plays a key role in the plant morphogenesis and is involved in polar cell growth, movement of subcellular organelles, cell division, and plant defense. Organization of actin cytoskeleton undergoes dynamic remodeling in response to internal developmental cues and diverse environmental signals. This dynamic behavior is regulated by numerous actin-binding proteins (ABPs) that integrate various signaling pathways. Production of the signaling lipids phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and phosphatidic acid affects the activity and subcellular distribution of several ABPs, and typically correlates with increased actin polymerization. Here we review current knowledge of the inter-regulatory dynamics between signaling phospholipids and the actin cytoskeleton in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Pleskot
- Institute of Experimental Botany, v. v. i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicPrague, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Pejchar
- Institute of Experimental Botany, v. v. i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicPrague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Martin Potocký
- Institute of Experimental Botany, v. v. i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicPrague, Czech Republic
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77
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78
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NPC: Nonspecific Phospholipase Cs in Plant Functions. SIGNALING AND COMMUNICATION IN PLANTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-42011-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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79
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Pokotylo I, Kolesnikov Y, Kravets V, Zachowski A, Ruelland E. Plant phosphoinositide-dependent phospholipases C: variations around a canonical theme. Biochimie 2013; 96:144-57. [PMID: 23856562 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) cleaves, in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI-4,5-P2) into diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol triphosphate (IP3). PI-PLCs are multidomain proteins that are structurally related to the PI-PLCζs, the simplest animal PI-PLCs. Like these animal counterparts, they are only composed of EF-hand, X/Y and C2 domains. However, plant PI-PLCs do not have a conventional EF-hand domain since they are often truncated, while some PI-PLCs have no EF-hand domain at all. Despite this simple structure, plant PI-PLCs are involved in many essential plant processes, either associated with development or in response to environmental stresses. The action of PI-PLCs relies on the mediators they produce. In plants, IP3 does not seem to be the sole active soluble molecule. Inositol pentakisphosphate (IP5) and inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) also transmit signals, thus highlighting the importance of coupling PI-PLC action with inositol-phosphate kinases and phosphatases. PI-PLCs also produce a lipid molecule, but plant PI-PLC pathways show a peculiarity in that the active lipid does not appear to be DAG but its phosphorylated form, phosphatidic acid (PA). Besides, PI-PLCs can also act by altering their substrate levels. Taken together, plant PI-PLCs show functional differences when compared to their animal counterparts. However, they act on similar general signalling pathways including calcium homeostasis and cell phosphoproteome. Several important questions remain unanswered. The cross-talk between the soluble and lipid mediators generated by plant PI-PLCs is not understood and how the coupling between PI-PLCs and inositol-kinases or DAG-kinases is carried out remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Pokotylo
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine.
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80
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Janda M, Planchais S, Djafi N, Martinec J, Burketova L, Valentova O, Zachowski A, Ruelland E. Phosphoglycerolipids are master players in plant hormone signal transduction. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2013; 32:839-51. [PMID: 23471417 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-013-1399-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoglycerolipids are essential structural constituents of membranes and some also have important cell signalling roles. In this review, we focus on phosphoglycerolipids that are mediators in hormone signal transduction in plants. We first describe the structures of the main signalling phosphoglycerolipids and the metabolic pathways that generate them, namely the phospholipase and lipid kinase pathways. In silico analysis of Arabidopsis transcriptome data provides evidence that the genes encoding the enzymes of these pathways are transcriptionally regulated in responses to hormones, suggesting some link with hormone signal transduction. The involvement of phosphoglycerolipid signalling in the early responses to abscisic acid, salicylic acid and auxins is then detailed. One of the most important signalling lipids in plants is phosphatidic acid. It can activate or inactivate protein kinases and/or protein phosphatases involved in hormone signalling. It can also activate NADPH oxidase leading to the production of reactive oxygen species. We will interrogate the mechanisms that allow the activation/deactivation of the lipid pathways, in particular the roles of G proteins and calcium. Mediating lipids thus appear as master players of cell signalling, modulating, if not controlling, major transducing steps of hormone signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Janda
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, 160 000 Prague, Czech Republic
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81
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Urano D, Chen JG, Botella JR, Jones AM. Heterotrimeric G protein signalling in the plant kingdom. Open Biol 2013. [PMID: 23536550 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.12.0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In animals, heterotrimeric G proteins, comprising α-, β-and γ-subunits, perceive extracellular stimuli through cell surface receptors, and transmit signals to ion channels, enzymes and other effector proteins to affect numerous cellular behaviours. In plants, G proteins have structural similarities to the corresponding molecules in animals but transmit signals by atypical mechanisms and effector proteins to control growth, cell proliferation, defence, stomate movements, channel regulation, sugar sensing and some hormonal responses. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the molecular regulation of plant G proteins, their effectors and the physiological functions studied mainly in two model organisms: Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa). We also look at recent progress on structural analyses, systems biology and evolutionary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Urano
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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82
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Urano D, Chen JG, Botella JR, Jones AM. Heterotrimeric G protein signalling in the plant kingdom. Open Biol 2013; 3:120186. [PMID: 23536550 PMCID: PMC3718340 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.120186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In animals, heterotrimeric G proteins, comprising α-, β-and γ-subunits, perceive extracellular stimuli through cell surface receptors, and transmit signals to ion channels, enzymes and other effector proteins to affect numerous cellular behaviours. In plants, G proteins have structural similarities to the corresponding molecules in animals but transmit signals by atypical mechanisms and effector proteins to control growth, cell proliferation, defence, stomate movements, channel regulation, sugar sensing and some hormonal responses. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the molecular regulation of plant G proteins, their effectors and the physiological functions studied mainly in two model organisms: Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa). We also look at recent progress on structural analyses, systems biology and evolutionary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Urano
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jin-Gui Chen
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - José Ramón Botella
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Alan M. Jones
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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83
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Li J, Pleskot R, Henty-Ridilla JL, Blanchoin L, Potocký M, Staiger CJ. Arabidopsis capping protein senses cellular phosphatidic acid levels and transduces these into changes in actin cytoskeleton dynamics. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2012; 7:1727-1730. [PMID: 23072985 PMCID: PMC3578921 DOI: 10.4161/psb.22472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Plants respond rapidly and precisely to a broad spectrum of developmental, biotic and abiotic cues. In many instances, signaling cascades involved in transducing this information result in changes to the cellular architecture and cytoskeletal rearrangements. Based originally on paradigms for animal cell signaling, phospholipids have received increased scrutiny as key intermediates for transmitting information to the actin cytoskeleton. Significantly, a wealth of biochemical data for plant actin-binding proteins (ABPs) demonstrates that many of these interact with phosphoinositide lipids in vitro. Moreover, phosphatidic acid (PA) has been identified not only as an abundant structural lipid in plants, but also as an intermediary in developmental and stress signaling pathways that lead to altered actin organization. Several years ago, the heterodimeric capping protein (CP) from Arabidopsis was demonstrated to bind PA and is negatively regulated by this lipid in vitro. Whether this form of regulation occurs in cells, however, remained a mystery. A new study, that combines live-cell imaging of cytoskeletal dynamics with reverse-genetic analyses in Arabidopsis, provides compelling new evidence that CP is inhibited from binding filament ends in the presence of PA in vivo. This allows rapid actin polymerization and increases in filament abundance following stimulation and could be one key factor in the physiological responses of plant cells to environmental stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiejie Li
- Department of Biological Sciences; Purdue University; West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Roman Pleskot
- Institute of Experimental Botany v.v.i.; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Laurent Blanchoin
- Institut de Recherches en Technologie et Sciences pour le Vivant; Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire and Végétale; Commissariat á l’Energie Atomique/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Recherche; Agronomique/Université Joseph Fourier; Grenoble, France
| | - Martin Potocký
- Institute of Experimental Botany v.v.i.; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague, Czech Republic
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