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Stubbington R, Chadd R, Cid N, Csabai Z, Miliša M, Morais M, Munné A, Pařil P, Pešić V, Tziortzis I, Verdonschot RCM, Datry T. Biomonitoring of intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams in Europe: Current practice and priorities to enhance ecological status assessments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 618:1096-1113. [PMID: 29074240 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams (IRES) are common across Europe and dominate some Mediterranean river networks. In all climate zones, IRES support high biodiversity and provide ecosystem services. As dynamic ecosystems that transition between flowing, pool, and dry states, IRES are typically poorly represented in biomonitoring programmes implemented to characterize EU Water Framework Directive ecological status. We report the results of a survey completed by representatives from 20 European countries to identify current challenges to IRES status assessment, examples of best practice, and priorities for future research. We identify five major barriers to effective ecological status classification in IRES: 1. the exclusion of IRES from Water Framework Directive biomonitoring based on their small catchment size; 2. the lack of river typologies that distinguish between contrasting IRES; 3. difficulties in defining the 'reference conditions' that represent unimpacted dynamic ecosystems; 4. classification of IRES ecological status based on lotic communities sampled using methods developed for perennial rivers; and 5. a reliance on taxonomic characterization of local communities. Despite these challenges, we recognize examples of innovative practice that can inform modification of current biomonitoring activity to promote effective IRES status classification. Priorities for future research include reconceptualization of the reference condition approach to accommodate spatiotemporal fluctuations in community composition, and modification of indices of ecosystem health to recognize both taxon-specific sensitivities to intermittence and dispersal abilities, within a landscape context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Stubbington
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, NG11 8NS, UK.
| | - Richard Chadd
- Environment Agency of England, Spalding, PE11 1DA, UK
| | - Núria Cid
- Freshwater Ecology and Management (FEM) Research Group, Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Zoltán Csabai
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Marko Miliša
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Manuela Morais
- Department of Biology, Institute of Earth Sciences, Universidade de Évora, Largo dos Colegiais, 7000 Évora, Portugal
| | - Antoni Munné
- Catalan Water Agency, c/Provença, 204-208, 08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Petr Pařil
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Pešić
- Department of Biology, University of Montenegro, Cetinjski put b.b., 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Iakovos Tziortzis
- Water Development Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Environment, Kennedy Avenue 100-110, Palouriotissa, 1047 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ralf C M Verdonschot
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thibault Datry
- Irstea, UR MALY, Centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, 5 rue de la Doua CS70077, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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52
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Remote sensing of water quality based on HJ-1A HSI imagery with modified discrete binary particle swarm optimization-partial least squares (MDBPSO-PLS) in inland waters: A case in Weishan Lake. ECOL INFORM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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53
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Radinger J, Hölker F, Horký P, Slavík O, Wolter C. Improved river continuity facilitates fishes' abilities to track future environmental changes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 208:169-179. [PMID: 29268184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Barriers represent one of the largest anthropogenic impacts on the ecological status of rivers, and they also potentially restrict fishes' ability to respond to future environmental changes. Thus, river management aims to restore the longitudinal connectivity of rivers to allow continuous migration and movement of water, sediments and biota. However, it is often unclear whether the targeted barriers are also those most relevant for fish species, particularly to track future habitat shifts caused by environmental change. In this study, we applied species distribution models and the GIS-based fish dispersal model FIDIMO to evaluate the impacts of barriers (e.g. weirs and dams) on the dispersal of 17 native fish species in the European River Elbe with a particular focus on climate- and land use-induced habitat shifts. Specifically, we compared three scenarios of longitudinal connectivity: (i) current longitudinal connectivity, (ii) connectivity improvements as planned by river managers for 2021 and (iii) a reference with full longitudinal connectivity. The models indicated that barriers restricted the movement of two modeled fish species on average, thus impeding fishes' abilities to track future habitat shifts. Moreover, the number of species affected by barriers increased downstream. For the River Elbe, our results suggest that river management has most likely identified the most relevant barriers in respect to the modeled species and future environmental change. We emphasize that river management and barrier prioritization must thoroughly consider species-specific movement and dispersal abilities, as well as the specific spatial arrangement of barriers in the river system in relation to the spatial distribution of species' populations and suitable habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Radinger
- GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003 Girona, Spain; Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Franz Hölker
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pavel Horký
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Department of Zoology and Fisheries, 165 21 Praha 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Slavík
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Department of Zoology and Fisheries, 165 21 Praha 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Christian Wolter
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany
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54
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Dörnhöfer K, Klinger P, Heege T, Oppelt N. Multi-sensor satellite and in situ monitoring of phytoplankton development in a eutrophic-mesotrophic lake. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 612:1200-1214. [PMID: 28892864 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplankton indicated by its photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll-a is an important pointer on lake ecology and a regularly monitored parameter within the European Water Framework Directive. Along with eutrophication and global warming cyanobacteria gain increasing importance concerning human health aspects. Optical remote sensing may support both the monitoring of horizontal distribution of phytoplankton and cyanobacteria at the lake surface and the reduction of spatial uncertainties associated with limited water sample analyses. Temporal and spatial resolution of using only one satellite sensor, however, may constrain its information value. To discuss the advantages of a multi-sensor approach the sensor-independent, physically based model MIP (Modular Inversion and Processing System) was applied at Lake Kummerow, Germany, and lake surface chlorophyll-a was derived from 33 images of five different sensors (MODIS-Terra, MODIS-Aqua, Landsat 8, Landsat 7 and Sentinel-2A). Remotely sensed lake average chlorophyll-a concentration showed a reasonable development and varied between 2.3±0.4 and 35.8±2.0mg·m-3 from July to October 2015. Match-ups between in situ and satellite chlorophyll-a revealed varying performances of Landsat 8 (RMSE: 3.6 and 19.7mg·m-3), Landsat 7 (RMSE: 6.2mg·m-3), Sentinel-2A (RMSE: 5.1mg·m-3) and MODIS (RMSE: 12.8mg·m-3), whereas an in situ data uncertainty of 48% needs to be respected. The temporal development of an index on harmful algal blooms corresponded well with the cyanobacteria biomass development during summer months. Satellite chlorophyll-a maps allowed to follow spatial patterns of chlorophyll-a distribution during a phytoplankton bloom event. Wind conditions mainly explained spatial patterns. Integrating satellite chlorophyll-a into trophic state assessment resulted in different trophic classes. Our study endorsed a combined use of satellite and in situ chlorophyll-a data to alleviate weaknesses of both approaches and to better characterise and understand phytoplankton development in lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Dörnhöfer
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Department of Geography, Earth Observation and Modelling, Ludewig-Meyn-Str. 14, 24098 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Philip Klinger
- EOMAP GmbH & Co.KG, Castle Seefeld, Schlosshof 4a, 82229 Seefeld, Germany
| | - Thomas Heege
- EOMAP GmbH & Co.KG, Castle Seefeld, Schlosshof 4a, 82229 Seefeld, Germany
| | - Natascha Oppelt
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Department of Geography, Earth Observation and Modelling, Ludewig-Meyn-Str. 14, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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55
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Milano M, Chèvre N, Reynard E. Assessing watercourse quality: challenges in implementing European and Swiss legal frameworks. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:805-823. [PMID: 29063406 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0423-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydro-climatic changes and the increasing release of pollutants into rivers by human activities tend to affect the quality of watercourses, to alter aquatic ecosystems and to reduce the amount of useable water. The ecological and chemical states of rivers and their evolution is thus of growing concern. In Europe and Switzerland, water policies are progressively shifting towards a holistic approach of river systems. The European Commission notably established a framework to highlight rivers' ecological deficits and to enhance regional or local water management plans. In Switzerland, a similar framework is currently under development. In this paper, both procedures are compared and implemented in a Swiss catchment dominated by agricultural activities. The aim is to define the challenges that still need to be addressed to assess and sustain river health. The hydromorphological, ecological, and ecotoxicological quality of the river was evaluated. Both frameworks highlighted the fact that no section of the river can currently be classified as being in a good environmental state and that the state deteriorates as tributaries and wastewater discharge flow into the main riverbed. Chemical issues and water quality changes due to hydro-climatic variations and management strategies were also pinpointed. Both frameworks are thus useful tools to survey changes in rivers quality in space and over time. However, challenges remain regarding the appropriate strategies to monitor and analyze chemicals, the definition of target values and conditions, the evaluation and integration of human-induced pressures, and the overall evaluation of the state of a river. The development of integrated indicators or of ecosystem services approaches is considered as a potential solution to explore river health and to define efficient restoration measures by water managers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Milano
- Institute of Geography and Sustainability, University of Lausanne, Building Géopolis, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Nathalie Chèvre
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, Building Géopolis, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Reynard
- Institute of Geography and Sustainability, University of Lausanne, Building Géopolis, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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56
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Gallart F, Cid N, Latron J, Llorens P, Bonada N, Jeuffroy J, Jiménez-Argudo SM, Vega RM, Solà C, Soria M, Bardina M, Hernández-Casahuga AJ, Fidalgo A, Estrela T, Munné A, Prat N. TREHS: An open-access software tool for investigating and evaluating temporary river regimes as a first step for their ecological status assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 607-608:519-540. [PMID: 28704676 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
When the regime of a river is not perennial, there are four main difficulties with the use of hydrographs for assessing hydrological alteration: i) the main hydrological features relevant for biological communities are not quantitative (discharges) but qualitative (phases such as flowing water, stagnant pools or lack of surface water), ii) stream flow records do not inform on the temporal occurrence of stagnant pools, iii) as most of the temporary streams are ungauged, their regime has to be evaluated by alternative methods such as remote sensing or citizen science, and iv) the biological quality assessment of the ecological status of a temporary stream must follow a sampling schedule and references adapted to the flow- pool-dry regime. To overcome these challenges within an operational approach, the freely available software tool TREHS has been developed within the EU LIFE TRIVERS project. This software permits the input of information from flow simulations obtained with any rainfall-runoff model (to set an unimpacted reference stream regime) and compares this with the information obtained from flow gauging records (if available) and interviews with local people, as well as instantaneous observations by individuals and interpretation of ground-level or aerial photographs. Up to six metrics defining the permanence of water flow, the presence of stagnant pools and their temporal patterns of occurrence are used to determine natural and observed river regimes and to assess the degree of hydrological alteration. A new regime classification specifically designed for temporary rivers was developed using the metrics that measure the relative permanence of the three main phases: flow, disconnected pools and dry stream bed. Finally, the software characterizes the differences between the natural and actual regimes, diagnoses the hydrological status (degree of hydrological alteration), assesses the significance and robustness of the diagnosis and recommends the best periods for biological quality samplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Gallart
- Surface Hydrology and Erosion Group, IDAEA, CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia,Spain.
| | - Núria Cid
- Freshwater Ecology and Management (FEM) Research Group, Dept. Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Jérôme Latron
- Surface Hydrology and Erosion Group, IDAEA, CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia,Spain.
| | - Pilar Llorens
- Surface Hydrology and Erosion Group, IDAEA, CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia,Spain.
| | - Núria Bonada
- Freshwater Ecology and Management (FEM) Research Group, Dept. Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Justin Jeuffroy
- École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES), 1, Quai Koch, 67070 Strasbourg, France.
| | | | - Rosa-María Vega
- Júcar River Basin Authority, Av/Blasco Ibañez 48, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Carolina Solà
- Catalan Water Agency, c/Provença, 204, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Maria Soria
- Surface Hydrology and Erosion Group, IDAEA, CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia,Spain.
| | - Mònica Bardina
- Catalan Water Agency, c/Provença, 204, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Aránzazu Fidalgo
- Júcar River Basin Authority, Av/Blasco Ibañez 48, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Teodoro Estrela
- Júcar River Basin Authority, Av/Blasco Ibañez 48, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Antoni Munné
- Catalan Water Agency, c/Provença, 204, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Narcís Prat
- Freshwater Ecology and Management (FEM) Research Group, Dept. Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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57
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Birnie-Gauvin K, Tummers JS, Lucas MC, Aarestrup K. Adaptive management in the context of barriers in European freshwater ecosystems. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 204:436-441. [PMID: 28917178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Many natural habitats have been modified to accommodate for the presence of humans and their needs. Infrastructures - such as hydroelectric dams, weirs, culverts and bridges - are now a common occurrence in streams and rivers across the world. As a result, freshwater ecosystems have been altered extensively, affecting both biological and geomorphological components of the habitats. Many fish species rely on these freshwater ecosystems to complete their lifecycles, and the presence of barriers has been shown to reduce their ability to migrate and sustain healthy populations. In the long run, barriers may have severe repercussions on population densities and dynamics of aquatic animal species. There is currently an urgent need to address these issues with adequate conservation approaches. Adaptive management provides a relevant approach to managing barriers in freshwater ecosystems as it addresses the uncertainties of dealing with natural systems, and accommodates for future unexpected events, though this approach may not be suitable in all instances. A literature search on this subject yielded virtually no output. Hence, we propose a step-by-step guide for implementing adaptive management, which could be used to manage freshwater barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Birnie-Gauvin
- DTU AQUA, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Section for Freshwater Fisheries Ecology, Technical University of Denmark, Vejlsøvej 39, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark.
| | - Jeroen S Tummers
- Aquatic Animal Ecology Research Group, Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Martyn C Lucas
- Aquatic Animal Ecology Research Group, Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Kim Aarestrup
- DTU AQUA, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Section for Freshwater Fisheries Ecology, Technical University of Denmark, Vejlsøvej 39, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
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58
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Functional redundancy and sensitivity of fish assemblages in European rivers, lakes and estuarine ecosystems. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17611. [PMID: 29242556 PMCID: PMC5730594 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17975-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of species loss on ecosystems functioning depends on the amount of trait similarity between species, i.e. functional redundancy, but it is also influenced by the order in which species are lost. Here we investigated redundancy and sensitivity patterns across fish assemblages in lakes, rivers and estuaries. Several scenarios of species extinction were simulated to determine whether the loss of vulnerable species (with high propensity of extinction when facing threats) causes a greater functional alteration than random extinction. Our results indicate that the functional redundancy tended to increase with species richness in lakes and rivers, but not in estuaries. We demonstrated that i) in the three systems, some combinations of functional traits are supported by non-redundant species, ii) rare species in rivers and estuaries support singular functions not shared by dominant species, iii) the loss of vulnerable species can induce greater functional alteration in rivers than in lakes and estuaries. Overall, the functional structure of fish assemblages in rivers is weakly buffered against species extinction because vulnerable species support singular functions. More specifically, a hotspot of functional sensitivity was highlighted in the Iberian Peninsula, which emphasizes the usefulness of quantitative criteria to determine conservation priorities.
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59
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Floury M, Usseglio-Polatera P, Delattre C, Souchon Y. Assessing long-term effects of multiple, potentially confounded drivers in ecosystems from species traits. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:2297-2307. [PMID: 27873443 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although species traits have the potential to disentangle long-term effects of multiple, potentially confounded drivers in ecosystems, this issue has received very little attention in the literature. We aimed at filling this gap by assessing the relative effects of hydroclimatic and water quality factors on the trait composition of invertebrate assemblages over 30 years in the Middle Loire River (France). Using a priori predictions on the long-term variation of trait-based adaptations over the three decades, we evaluated the ability of invertebrate traits to indicate the effects of warming, discharge reduction and water quality improvement. Hydroclimatic and water quality factors contributed to up to 65% of the variation in trait composition. More than 70% of the initial trait response predictions made according to observed long-term hydroclimatic changes were confirmed. They supported a general climate-induced trend involving adapted resistance and resilience strategies. A partial confounding effect of water quality improvement acting on trophic processes was also highlighted, indicating that improved water quality management can significantly help to reduce some adverse effects of climate change. This trait-based approach can have wider implications for investigating long-term changes driven by multiple, potentially confounded factors, as frequently encountered in the context of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Floury
- Irstea, UR MALY, Milieux Aquatiques, Ecologie et Pollutions, 5 rue de la Doua, 69626, Villeurbanne, CS70077, France
| | - Philippe Usseglio-Polatera
- CNRS UMR 7360, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, Université de Lorraine, Campus Bridoux, Rue du Général Delestraint, 57070, Metz, France
| | - Cecile Delattre
- EDF R&D, Laboratoire National Hydraulique et Environnement, 6 Quai Watier, BP 49, 78401, Chatou, France
| | - Yves Souchon
- Irstea, UR MALY, Milieux Aquatiques, Ecologie et Pollutions, 5 rue de la Doua, 69626, Villeurbanne, CS70077, France
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60
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Shi K, Yao X. Research development, current hotspots, and future directions of water research based on MODIS images: a critical review with a bibliometric analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:15226-15239. [PMID: 28477249 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9107-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Water is essential for life as it provides drinking water and food for humans and animals. Additionally, the water environment provides habitats for numerous species and plays an important role in hydrological, nutrient, and carbon cycles. Among the existing natural resources on Earth's surface, water is the most extensive as it covers more than 70% of the Earth. To gather a comprehensive understanding of the focus of past, present, and future directions of remote sensing water research, we provide an alternative perspective on water research using moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery by conducting a comparative quantitative and qualitative analysis of research development, current hotspots, and future directions using a bibliometric analysis. Our study suggests that there has been a rapid growth in the scientific outputs of water research using MODIS imagery over the past 15 years compared to other popular satellites around the world. The analysis indicated that Remote Sensing of Environment was the most active journal, and "remote sensing," "imaging science photographic technology," "environmental sciences ecology," "meteorology atmospheric sciences," and "geology" are the top 5 most popular subject categories. The Chinese Academy of Sciences was the most productive institution with a total of 477 papers, and Hu CM (Chinese) was the most productive author with 76 papers. A keyword analysis indicated that "vegetation index," "evapotranspiration," and "phytoplankton" were the most active research topics throughout the study period. In addition, it is predicted that more attention will be paid to research on climate change and phenology in the future. Based on the keyword analysis and in consideration of current environmental problems, more studies should focus on the following three aspects: (1) develop methods suitable for data assimilation to fully explain climate or phenological phenomena at continental or global scales rather than at local scales; (2) accurately predict the effect of global change and human activities on evapotranspiration and the water cycle; and (3) determine the evolutionary process of the water environment (i.e., water quality, macrophytes, cyanobacteria, etc.), ascertaining its dominant factors and driving mechanisms. By focusing on these three aspects, researchers will be able to provide timely monitoring and evaluation of water quality and its response to global change and human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Zhang
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlin Zhang
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kun Shi
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Yao
- Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research, State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
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61
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Larras F, Coulaud R, Gautreau E, Billoir E, Rosebery J, Usseglio-Polatera P. Assessing anthropogenic pressures on streams: A random forest approach based on benthic diatom communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 586:1101-1112. [PMID: 28222924 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Benthic diatoms have been widely used to assess the ecological status of freshwater ecosystems, especially in the context of recent international water framework directive policies (e.g. the WFD). Despite diatom-based indices are known to respond fastly to water quality degradation, they are not designed to precisely identify the nature of pressures co-occurring in the environment. Based on large scale monitoring data, we aimed at building models able to estimate the risk of stream impairment by many types of anthropogenic pressures from taxonomy-based and trait-based characteristics of diatom assemblages. Random forest models were built to individually evaluate the impairment risk of diatom assemblages for six chemical and five hydromorphological or land-use related pressure categories. Eight models provided good impairment risk assessment (Area Under the Curve≥0.70). Under multi-pressure scenarios, models built for chemical pressures exhibited a better accuracy than hydromorphological or land-use related ones. Models were able to detect both ecological restoration and degradation, based on long-term surveys. These models have been implemented in a R user-friendly routine, to help stream managers to early identify degrading processes and prioritize management actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Larras
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Continental Environments (LIEC), CNRS UMR 7360, University of Lorraine, 57070 Metz, France; Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, UFZ Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Romain Coulaud
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Continental Environments (LIEC), CNRS UMR 7360, University of Lorraine, 57070 Metz, France; Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Le Havre University, Normandy University, 76063 Le Havre, France
| | - Edwige Gautreau
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Continental Environments (LIEC), CNRS UMR 7360, University of Lorraine, 57070 Metz, France; Laboratory for Ecology of Natural and Anthropized Hydrosystems (LEHNA), CNRS UMR 5023, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Elise Billoir
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Continental Environments (LIEC), CNRS UMR 7360, University of Lorraine, 57070 Metz, France
| | - Juliette Rosebery
- Aquatic Ecosystems and Global Changes Research Unit, IRSTEA, 33612 Cestas, France
| | - Philippe Usseglio-Polatera
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Continental Environments (LIEC), CNRS UMR 7360, University of Lorraine, 57070 Metz, France
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Colas F, Baudoin JM, Gob F, Tamisier V, Valette L, Kreutzenberger K, Lambrigot D, Chauvet E. Scale dependency in the hydromorphological control of a stream ecosystem functioning. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 115:60-73. [PMID: 28259815 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Physical habitat degradation is prevalent in river ecosystems. Although still little is known about the ecological consequences of altered hydromorphology, understanding the factors at play can contribute to sustainable environmental management. In this study we aimed to identify the hydromorphological features controlling a key ecosystem function and the spatial scales where such linkages operate. As hydromorphological and chemical pressures often occur in parallel, we examined the relative importance of hydromorphological and chemical factors as determinants of leaf breakdown. Leaf breakdown assays were investigated at 82 sites of rivers throughout the French territory. Leaf breakdown data were then crossed with data on water quality and with a multi-scale hydromorphological assessment (i.e. upstream catchment, river segment, reach and habitat) when quantitative data were available. Microbial and total leaf breakdown rates exhibited differential responses to both hydromorphological and chemical alterations. Relationships between the chemical quality of the water and leaf breakdown were weak, while hydromorphological integrity explained independently up to 84.2% of leaf breakdown. Hydrological and morphological parameters were the main predictors of microbial leaf breakdown, whereas hydrological parameters had a major effect on total leaf breakdown, particularly at large scales, while morphological parameters were important at smaller scales. Microbial leaf breakdown were best predicted by hydromorphological features defined at the upstream catchment level whereas total leaf breakdown were best predicted by reach and habitat level geomorphic variables. This study demonstrates the use of leaf breakdown in a biomonitoring context and the importance of hydromorphological integrity for the functioning of running water. It provides new insights for environmental decision-makers to identify the management and restoration actions that have to be undertaken including the hydromorphogical features that should be kept in minimal maintenance to support leaf breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Colas
- Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INP, UPS, EcoLab, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Jean-Marc Baudoin
- AFB, Pôle d'Etudes et Recherches AFB-Irstea Hydro-écologie des Plans d'eau, DAST, 94300 Vincennes, France; Irstea, Pôle d'études et recherches AFB-Irstea Hydroécologie des Plans d'eau, Unité de recherche RECOVER, Equipe FRESHCO, 13182 Aix-en-Provence, France.
| | - Frédéric Gob
- Université Paris 1-Pantheon-Sorbonne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Géographie Physique, France.
| | - Vincent Tamisier
- Université Paris 1-Pantheon-Sorbonne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Géographie Physique, France.
| | - Laurent Valette
- Irstea, Unité de recherche MALY Milieux aquatiques, écologie et pollutions, centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, 5 rue de la Doua, BP 32108, F-69616 Villeurbanne cedex, France.
| | | | - Didier Lambrigot
- Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INP, UPS, EcoLab, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Eric Chauvet
- Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INP, UPS, EcoLab, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
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63
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Brack W, Dulio V, Ågerstrand M, Allan I, Altenburger R, Brinkmann M, Bunke D, Burgess RM, Cousins I, Escher BI, Hernández FJ, Hewitt LM, Hilscherová K, Hollender J, Hollert H, Kase R, Klauer B, Lindim C, Herráez DL, Miège C, Munthe J, O'Toole S, Posthuma L, Rüdel H, Schäfer RB, Sengl M, Smedes F, van de Meent D, van den Brink PJ, van Gils J, van Wezel AP, Vethaak AD, Vermeirssen E, von der Ohe PC, Vrana B. Towards the review of the European Union Water Framework Directive: Recommendations for more efficient assessment and management of chemical contamination in European surface water resources. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 576:720-737. [PMID: 27810758 PMCID: PMC8281610 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Water is a vital resource for natural ecosystems and human life, and assuring a high quality of water and protecting it from chemical contamination is a major societal goal in the European Union. The Water Framework Directive (WFD) and its daughter directives are the major body of legislation for the protection and sustainable use of European freshwater resources. The practical implementation of the WFD with regard to chemical pollution has faced some challenges. In support of the upcoming WFD review in 2019 the research project SOLUTIONS and the European monitoring network NORMAN has analyzed these challenges, evaluated the state-of-the-art of the science and suggested possible solutions. We give 10 recommendations to improve monitoring and to strengthen comprehensive prioritization, to foster consistent assessment and to support solution-oriented management of surface waters. The integration of effect-based tools, the application of passive sampling for bioaccumulative chemicals and an integrated strategy for prioritization of contaminants, accounting for knowledge gaps, are seen as important approaches to advance monitoring. Including all relevant chemical contaminants in more holistic "chemical status" assessment, using effect-based trigger values to address priority mixtures of chemicals, to better consider historical burdens accumulated in sediments and to use models to fill data gaps are recommended for a consistent assessment of contamination. Solution-oriented management should apply a tiered approach in investigative monitoring to identify toxicity drivers, strengthen consistent legislative frameworks and apply solutions-oriented approaches that explore risk reduction scenarios before and along with risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Brack
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Valeria Dulio
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques INERIS, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Marlene Ågerstrand
- ACES - Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ian Allan
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
| | - Rolf Altenburger
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Dirk Bunke
- Oeko-Institut e.V. - Institute for Applied Ecology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert M Burgess
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD, NHEERL, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narrangansett, RI, USA
| | - Ian Cousins
- ACES - Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Beate I Escher
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - L Mark Hewitt
- Aquatic Ecosystem Protection Research Division, Environment Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Klára Hilscherová
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Juliane Hollender
- EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Robert Kase
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology, Eawag-EPFL, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Klauer
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Lindim
- ACES - Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Cécil Miège
- IRSTEA - UR MALY, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - John Munthe
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Leo Posthuma
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment RIVM, Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Heinz Rüdel
- Fraunhofer Inst Mol Biol & Appl Ecol IME, Aberg 1, D-57392 Schmallenberg, Germany
| | | | - Manfred Sengl
- Bavarian Environmental Agency, D-86179 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Foppe Smedes
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Paul J van den Brink
- Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Annemarie P van Wezel
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands; Copernicus Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A Dick Vethaak
- Deltares, Delft, The Netherlands; VU University Amsterdam, Institute for Environmental Studies, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Etienne Vermeirssen
- EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Branislav Vrana
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Brno, Czech Republic
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Santos R, Joyeux A, Besnard A, Blanchard C, Halkett C, Bony S, Sanchez W, Devaux A. An integrative approach to assess ecological risks of surface water contamination for fish populations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 220:588-596. [PMID: 27823865 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of aquatic ecosystems is considered as one of the main threats to global freshwater biodiversity. Within the European Water Framework Directive (EU-WFD) a particular attention is dedicated to assess ecological risks of surface water contamination and mitigation of chemical pressures on aquatic ecosystems. In this work, we evaluated ecological risks of surface water contamination for fish populations in four EU-WFD rivers through an integrative approach investigating three Lines of Evidence (chemical contamination, biomarker responses as early warning signals of contamination impacting individuals and ecological analyses as an indicator of fish community disturbances). This work illustrates through 4 case studies the complementary role of biomarkers, chemical and ecological analyses which, used in combination, provide fundamental information to understand impacts of chemical pressures that can affect fish population dynamics. We discuss the limitations of this approach and future improvements needed within the EU-WFD to assess ecological risk of river contamination for fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Santos
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, BP 2, F-60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France; Université de Lyon, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France; HEPIA, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland, Ecology and Engineering of Aquatic Systems Research Group, 150 Route de Presinge, CH-1254 Jussy, Switzerland.
| | - Aude Joyeux
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, BP 2, F-60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Aurélien Besnard
- EPHE, PSL Research University, CNRS, UM, SupAgro, IRD, INRA, UMR 5175 CEFE, F-34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Blanchard
- Office National de l'Eau et des Milieux Aquatiques, Délégation Inter-Régionale Nord-Ouest, 60200 Compiègne, France
| | - Cédric Halkett
- Agence de l'Eau Artois-Picardie, 200 rue Marceline, 59508 Douai Cedex, France
| | - Sylvie Bony
- Université de Lyon, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France; INRA, USC LEHNA 1369, ENTPE, F-69518 Vaulx en Velin, France
| | - Wilfried Sanchez
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, BP 2, F-60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France; UMR-I 02 Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques, INERIS, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Université du Havre, France
| | - Alain Devaux
- Université de Lyon, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France; INRA, USC LEHNA 1369, ENTPE, F-69518 Vaulx en Velin, France
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65
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Feio MJ, Calapez AR, Elias CL, Cortes RMV, Graça MAS, Pinto P, Almeida SFP. The paradox of expert judgment in rivers ecological monitoring. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 184:609-616. [PMID: 27784580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A great investment has been done in the last decades in the development of numerical and qualitative assessment methods to classify the ecological quality of water bodies. Yet, in spite of all attempts to avoid subjectivity, expert judgment is still used at numerous steps of the ecological classification and is considered by some authors as indispensible for management purposes. Thus, the aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that expert judgment, when done by the adequate experts (limnologists/river ecologist) with experience in the study area (i.e., natural conditions and expected communities), could be as good as quantitative indices and measures (i.e., result in the same classification), but quicker and with lower cost. For that we compared the classifications (on 13 aspects of rivers ecosystems) attributed by two experts to 20 sites (10 each) located in their study areas, with the classifications of ecological quality based on biological indices (for invertebrates and diatoms), hydromorphology and water chemistry, calculated by an independent team. Our results show that assessments made by experts and those calculated through indices (biological quality and hydromorphology) are globally very similar (RELATE test; Rho = 0.442; p < 0.001, 999 permutations). Most differences were of one class and experts tended to attribute a better condition than indices to the best quality sites but a worse condition to the worse quality sites. A Principal Components Analysis revealed that sites to which experts attributed a moderate quality had higher nitrate concentration and pH but were well oxygenated. The sites classified as poor and bad where those with stronger modifications in their habitats (given by the higher values of HMS). The difference between experts and indices is small but still represents 15% of sites, and includes both situations: the experts or the indices lead to the need of measures (i.e., classifications below class Good). Experts' evaluations on hydromorphological conditions of the channel and margins are also significantly correlated with the quality assessments made by the field team that has no experience in the study area (Rh0 = 0.518; p = 0.001; 999 permutation), indicating geographic independence in the expert judgment. We concluded that expert judgment could be used in the determination of streams and rivers ecological quality, saving money and time and helping to redirect monitoring funds to actual implementation of restoration measures. Yet, classification' scoring methods may still be useful for a better targeting of restoration measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Feio
- MARE- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, University of Coimbra, 3001-456, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - A R Calapez
- MARE- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, University of Coimbra, 3001-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C L Elias
- Department of Biology and GeoBioTec-GeoBioSciences, GeoTechnologies and GeoEngineering Research Centre, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - R M V Cortes
- University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta dos Prados, 5001-801, Portugal
| | - M A S Graça
- MARE- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, University of Coimbra, 3001-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - P Pinto
- ICT- Institute of Earth Sciences, Department of Biology, University of Évora, Largo dos Colegiais, 7001, Évora codex, Portugal
| | - S F P Almeida
- Department of Biology and GeoBioTec-GeoBioSciences, GeoTechnologies and GeoEngineering Research Centre, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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66
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Water Constituents and Water Depth Retrieval from Sentinel-2A—A First Evaluation in an Oligotrophic Lake. REMOTE SENSING 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/rs8110941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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67
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Characterization of Macroinvertebrate Communities in the Hyporheic Zone of River Ecosystems Reflects the Pump-Sampling Technique Used. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164372. [PMID: 27723819 PMCID: PMC5056715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The hyporheic zone of river ecosystems provides a habitat for a diverse macroinvertebrate community that makes a vital contribution to ecosystem functioning and biodiversity. However, effective methods for sampling this community have proved difficult to establish, due to the inaccessibility of subsurface sediments. The aim of this study was to compare the two most common semi-quantitative macroinvertebrate pump-sampling techniques: Bou-Rouch and vacuum-pump sampling. We used both techniques to collect replicate samples in three contrasting temperate-zone streams, in each of two biogeographical regions (Atlantic region, central England, UK; Continental region, southeast France). Results were typically consistent across streams in both regions: Bou-Rouch samples provided significantly higher estimates of taxa richness, macroinvertebrate abundance, and the abundance of all UK and eight of 10 French common taxa. Seven and nine taxa which were rare in Bou-Rouch samples were absent from vacuum-pump samples in the UK and France, respectively; no taxon was repeatedly sampled exclusively by the vacuum pump. Rarefaction curves (rescaled to the number of incidences) and non-parametric richness estimators indicated no significant difference in richness between techniques, highlighting the capture of more individuals as crucial to Bou-Rouch sampling performance. Compared to assemblages in replicate vacuum-pump samples, multivariate analyses indicated greater distinction among Bou-Rouch assemblages from different streams, as well as significantly greater consistency in assemblage composition among replicate Bou-Rouch samples collected in one stream. We recommend Bou-Rouch sampling for most study types, including rapid biomonitoring surveys and studies requiring acquisition of comprehensive taxon lists that include rare taxa. Despite collecting fewer macroinvertebrates, vacuum-pump sampling remains an important option for inexpensive and rapid sample collection.
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68
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Cortes R, Hughes S, Coimbra A, Monteiro S, Pereira V, Lopes M, Pereira S, Pinto A, Sampaio A, Santos C, Carrola J, de Jesus J, Varandas S. A multiple index integrating different levels of organization. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 132:270-278. [PMID: 27344015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Many methods in freshwater biomonitoring tend to be restricted to a few levels of biological organization, limiting the potential spectrum of measurable of cause-effect responses to different anthropogenic impacts. We combined distinct organisational levels, covering biological biomarkers (histopathological and biochemical reactions in liver and fish gills), community based bioindicators (fish guilds, invertebrate metrics/traits and chironomid pupal exuviae) and ecosystem functional indicators (decomposition rates) to assess ecological status at designated Water Framework Directive monitoring sites, covering a gradient of human impact across several rivers in northern Portugal. We used Random Forest to rank the variables that contributed more significantly to successfully predict the different classes of ecological status and also to provide specific cut levels to discriminate each WFD class based on reference condition. A total of 59 Biological Quality Elements and functional indicators were determined using this procedure and subsequently applied to develop the integrated Multiple Ecological Level Index (MELI Index), a potentially powerful bioassessment tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Cortes
- Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias Ambientais e Biológicas (CITAB) da Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, Apartado 1013, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Samantha Hughes
- Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias Ambientais e Biológicas (CITAB) da Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, Apartado 1013, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Ana Coimbra
- Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias Ambientais e Biológicas (CITAB) da Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, Apartado 1013, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Sandra Monteiro
- Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias Ambientais e Biológicas (CITAB) da Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, Apartado 1013, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Vítor Pereira
- Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias Ambientais e Biológicas (CITAB) da Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, Apartado 1013, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Marisa Lopes
- Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias Ambientais e Biológicas (CITAB) da Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, Apartado 1013, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Sandra Pereira
- Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias Ambientais e Biológicas (CITAB) da Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, Apartado 1013, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Ana Pinto
- Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias Ambientais e Biológicas (CITAB) da Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, Apartado 1013, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Ana Sampaio
- Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias Ambientais e Biológicas (CITAB) da Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, Apartado 1013, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Cátia Santos
- Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias Ambientais e Biológicas (CITAB) da Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, Apartado 1013, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - João Carrola
- Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias Ambientais e Biológicas (CITAB) da Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, Apartado 1013, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Joaquim de Jesus
- Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias Ambientais e Biológicas (CITAB) da Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, Apartado 1013, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Simone Varandas
- Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias Ambientais e Biológicas (CITAB) da Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, Apartado 1013, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
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69
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Vidal-Abarca MR, Santos-Martín F, Martín-López B, Sánchez-Montoya MM, Suárez Alonso ML. Exploring the Capacity of Water Framework Directive Indices to Assess Ecosystem Services in Fluvial and Riparian Systems: Towards a Second Implementation Phase. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 57:1139-1152. [PMID: 26884142 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-016-0674-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We explored the capacity of the biological and hydromorphological indices used in the Water Framework Directive (WFD) to assess ecosystem services by evaluating the ecological status of Spanish River Basins. This analysis relies on an exhaustive bibliography review which showed scientific evidence of the interlinkages between some ecosystem services and different hydromorphological and biological elements which have been used as indices in the WFD. Our findings indicate that, of a total of 38 ecosystem services analyzed, biological and hydromorphological indices can fully evaluate four ecosystem services. In addition, 18 ecosystem services can be partly evaluated by some of the analyzed indices, while 11 are not related with the indices. While Riparian Forest Quality was the index that was able to assess the largest number of ecosystem services (N = 12), the two indices of macrophytes offered very poor guarantees. Finally, biological indices related to diatoms and aquatic invertebrates and the Fluvial Habitat Index can be related with 7, 6, and 6 ecosystem services, respectively. Because the WFD indices currently used in Spain are not able to assess most of the ecosystem services analyzed, we suggest that there is potential to develop the second phase of the WFD implementation taking this approach into consideration. The incorporation of the ecosystem services approach into the WFD could provide the framework for assess the impacts of human activities on the quality of fluvial ecosystems and could give insights for water and watershed management in order to guarantee the delivery of multiple ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Vidal-Abarca
- Department of Ecology and Hydrology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum"-University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - F Santos-Martín
- Social-Ecological Systems Laboratory, Department of Ecology, c. Darwin, 2, Edificio de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Martín-López
- Social-Ecological Systems Laboratory, Department of Ecology, c. Darwin, 2, Edificio de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Ethics and Transdisciplinary Sustainability Research, Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Scharnhorststr. 1, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - M M Sánchez-Montoya
- Department of Ecology and Hydrology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum"-University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), 12587, Berlin, Germany
| | - M L Suárez Alonso
- Department of Ecology and Hydrology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum"-University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
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70
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Martinez-Haro M, Acevedo P, Pais-Costa AJ, Taggart MA, Martins I, Ribeiro R, Marques JC. Assessing estuarine quality: A cost-effective in situ assay with amphipods. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 212:382-391. [PMID: 26874320 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In situ assays based on feeding depression can be powerful ecotoxicological tools that can link physiological organism-level responses to population and/or community-level effects. Amphipods are traditional target species for toxicity tests due to their high sensitivity to contaminants, availability in the field and ease of handling. However, cost-effective in situ assays based on feeding depression are not yet available for amphipods that inhabit estuarine ecosystems. The aim of this work was to assess a short-term in situ assay based on postexposure feeding rates on easily quantifiable food items with an estuarine amphipod. Experiments were carried out under laboratory conditions using juvenile Echinogammarus marinus as the target individual. When 60 Artemia franciscana nauplii (as prey) were provided per individual for a period of 30 min in dark conditions, feeding rates could be easily quantified. As an endpoint, postexposure feeding inhibition in E. marinus was more sensitive to cadmium contamination than mortality. Assay calibration under field conditions demonstrated the relevance of sediment particle size in explaining individual feeding rates in uncontaminated water bodies. An evaluation of the 48-h in situ bioassay based on postexposure feeding rates indicated that it is able to discriminate between unpolluted and polluted estuarine sites. Using the harmonized protocol described here, the in situ postexposure feeding assay with E. marinus was found to be a potentially useful, cost-effective tool for assessing estuarine sediment and water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Martinez-Haro
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo 12, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Pelayo Acevedo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo 12, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Antónia Juliana Pais-Costa
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mark A Taggart
- Environmental Research Institute, University of the Highlands and Islands, Castle Street, Thurso, Caithness, Scotland, KW14 7JD, UK
| | - Irene Martins
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui Ribeiro
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Carlos Marques
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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71
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Poikane S, Johnson RK, Sandin L, Schartau AK, Solimini AG, Urbanič G, Arbačiauskas K, Aroviita J, Gabriels W, Miler O, Pusch MT, Timm H, Böhmer J. Benthic macroinvertebrates in lake ecological assessment: A review of methods, intercalibration and practical recommendations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 543:123-134. [PMID: 26580734 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Legislation in Europe has been adopted to determine and improve the ecological integrity of inland and coastal waters. Assessment is based on four biotic groups, including benthic macroinvertebrate communities. For lakes, benthic invertebrates have been recognized as one of the most difficult organism groups to use in ecological assessment, and hitherto their use in ecological assessment has been limited. In this study, we review and intercalibrate 13 benthic invertebrate-based tools across Europe. These assessment tools address different human impacts: acidification (3 methods), eutrophication (3 methods), morphological alterations (2 methods), and a combination of the last two (5 methods). For intercalibration, the methods were grouped into four intercalibration groups, according to the habitat sampled and putative pressure. Boundaries of the 'good ecological status' were compared and harmonized using direct or indirect comparison approaches. To enable indirect comparison of the methods, three common pressure indices and two common biological multimetric indices were developed for larger geographical areas. Additionally, we identified the best-performing methods based on their responsiveness to different human impacts. Based on these experiences, we provide practical recommendations for the development and harmonization of benthic invertebrate assessment methods in lakes and similar habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Poikane
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Water Resources Unit, 21027 Ispra, Italy.
| | - Richard K Johnson
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leonard Sandin
- Institute of Freshwater Research, Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Stångholmsvägen 2, SE-178 93 Drottningholm, Sweden
| | | | - Angelo G Solimini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gorazd Urbanič
- Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Jukka Aroviita
- Freshwater Centre, Finnish Environment Institute SYKE, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Wim Gabriels
- Flemish Environment Agency, Department Water Monitoring, Dr. De Moorstraat 24-26, B-9300 Aalst, Belgium
| | - Oliver Miler
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 301, 12587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin T Pusch
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 301, 12587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Henn Timm
- Centre for Limnology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 61117 Rannu, Tartumaa, Estonia
| | - Jürgen Böhmer
- Bioforum GmbH, Sudetenstr. 34, 73230 Kirchheim/Teck, Germany
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72
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Teichert N, Borja A, Chust G, Uriarte A, Lepage M. Restoring fish ecological quality in estuaries: Implication of interactive and cumulative effects among anthropogenic stressors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 542:383-393. [PMID: 26520263 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Estuaries are subjected to multiple anthropogenic stressors, which have additive, antagonistic or synergistic effects. Current challenges include the use of large databases of biological monitoring surveys (e.g. the European Water Framework Directive) to help environmental managers prioritizing restoration measures. This study investigated the impact of nine stressor categories on the fish ecological status derived from 90 estuaries of the North East Atlantic countries. We used a random forest model to: 1) detect the dominant stressors and their non-linear effects; 2) evaluate the ecological benefits expected from reducing pressure from stressors; and 3) investigate the interactions among stressors. Results showed that largest restoration benefits were expected when mitigating water pollution and oxygen depletion. Non-additive effects represented half of pairwise interactions among stressors, and antagonisms were the most common. Dredged sediments, flow changes and oxygen depletion were predominantly implicated in non-additive interactions, whereas the remainder stressors often showed additive impacts. The prevalence of interactive impacts reflects a complex scenario for estuaries management; hence, we proposed a step-by-step restoration scheme focusing on the mitigation of stressors providing the maximum of restoration benefits under a multi-stress context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Teichert
- Irstea, UR EABX, av. de Verdun, F-33612 Cestas, France.
| | - Angel Borja
- AZTI, Marine Research Division, Herrera Kaia, Portualdea s/n, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
| | - Guillem Chust
- AZTI, Marine Research Division, Herrera Kaia, Portualdea s/n, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
| | - Ainhize Uriarte
- AZTI, Marine Research Division, Herrera Kaia, Portualdea s/n, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
| | - Mario Lepage
- Irstea, UR EABX, av. de Verdun, F-33612 Cestas, France
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73
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Stoica C, Camejo J, Banciu A, Nita-Lazar M, Paun I, Cristofor S, Pacheco OR, Guevara M. Water quality of Danube Delta systems: ecological status and prediction using machine-learning algorithms. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 73:2413-2421. [PMID: 27191562 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Environmental issues have a worldwide impact on water bodies, including the Danube Delta, the largest European wetland. The Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) implementation operates toward solving environmental issues from European and national level. As a consequence, the water quality and the biocenosis structure was altered, especially the composition of the macro invertebrate community which is closely related to habitat and substrate heterogeneity. This study aims to assess the ecological status of Southern Branch of the Danube Delta, Saint Gheorghe, using benthic fauna and a computational method as an alternative for monitoring the water quality in real time. The analysis of spatial and temporal variability of unicriterial and multicriterial indices were used to assess the current status of aquatic systems. In addition, chemical status was characterized. Coliform bacteria and several chemical parameters were used to feed machine-learning (ML) algorithms to simulate a real-time classification method. Overall, the assessment of the water bodies indicated a moderate ecological status based on the biological quality elements or a good ecological status based on chemical and ML algorithms criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Stoica
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology-ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei, 060652 Bucharest, Romania E-mail:
| | - J Camejo
- Institute of Electronics and Telematics Engineering of Aveiro (IEETA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A Banciu
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology-ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei, 060652 Bucharest, Romania E-mail:
| | - M Nita-Lazar
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology-ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei, 060652 Bucharest, Romania E-mail:
| | - I Paun
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology-ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei, 060652 Bucharest, Romania E-mail:
| | - S Cristofor
- Department of Systemic Ecology and Sustainability, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest, Romania
| | - O R Pacheco
- Institute of Electronics and Telematics Engineering of Aveiro (IEETA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Guevara
- Computer Graphics Center, University of Minho, Campus de Azurem, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
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74
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75
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Evaluation of Water Framework Directive metrics to analyse trends in water quality in the Netherlands. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.swaqe.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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76
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Borja Á, Marín SL, Muxika I, Pino L, Rodríguez JG. Is there a possibility of ranking benthic quality assessment indices to select the most responsive to different human pressures? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 97:85-94. [PMID: 26099789 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although a plethora of benthic indices exist, there is no agreement on what index or indices should be used by environmental managers to establish benthic quality. The objective of this investigation was to rank 35 benthic quality assessment indices used in different countries to evaluate the impact produced by 15 different human pressures (including multipressure, aquaculture, sewage discharges, eutrophication, physical alteration, chemical pollution, climate change, etc.). The ranking was determined by taking into account the coverage area of biogeographical provinces, number of citations testing a pressure and number of citations with significant correlation with pressure. We analysed 363 references, of which 169 showed quantitative data. Over a potential total score of 100, the highest values were obtained by the following indices: (i) AZTI's Marine Biotic Index (AMBI), which scored 77, tested by using 14 pressures in 14 provinces from the Arctic to tropical seas; (ii) multivariate AMBI (M-AMBI), which scored 74, tested with 12 pressures in 13 provinces; (iii) Bentix (BENTIX), which scored 68, tested with nine pressures in six provinces; (iv) Benthic Quality Index (BQI), which scored 66, tested with five pressures in seven provinces; and (v) Benthic Opportunistic Polychaetes Amphipods (BOPA) index, which scored 62, tested with eight pressures in six provinces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Borja
- AZTI, Marine Research Division, Herrera Kaia Portualdea s/n, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
| | - Sandra L Marín
- Institute of Aquaculture, Austral University of Chile, P.O. Box 1327, Puerto Montt, Chile.
| | - Iñigo Muxika
- AZTI, Marine Research Division, Herrera Kaia Portualdea s/n, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
| | - Loreto Pino
- Institute of Aquaculture, Austral University of Chile, P.O. Box 1327, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - José G Rodríguez
- AZTI, Marine Research Division, Herrera Kaia Portualdea s/n, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
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