51
|
Soni D, Bobbala S, Li S, Scott EA, Dowling DJ. The sixth revolution in pediatric vaccinology: immunoengineering and delivery systems. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:1364-1372. [PMID: 32927471 PMCID: PMC7511675 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01112-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Infection is the predominant cause of mortality in early life, and immunization is the most promising biomedical intervention to reduce this burden. However, very young infants fail to respond optimally to most vaccines currently in use, especially neonates. In 2005, Stanley Plotkin proposed that new delivery systems would spur a new revolution in pediatric vaccinology, just as attenuation, inactivation, cell culture of viruses, genetic engineering, and adjuvantation had done in preceding decades. Recent advances in the field of immunoengineering, which is evolving alongside vaccinology, have begun to increasingly influence vaccine formulation design. Historically, the particulate nature of materials used in many vaccine formulations was empiric, often because of the need to stabilize antigens or reduce endotoxin levels. However, present vaccine delivery systems are rationally engineered to mimic the size, shape, and surface chemistry of pathogens, and are therefore often referred to as "pathogen-like particles". More than a decade from his original assessment, we re-assess Plotkin's prediction. In addition, we highlight how immunoengineering and advanced delivery systems may be uniquely capable of enhancing vaccine responses in vulnerable populations, such as infants. IMPACT: Immunoengineering and advanced delivery systems are leading to new developments in pediatric vaccinology. Summarizes delivery systems currently in use and development, and prospects for the future. Broad overview of immunoengineering's impact on vaccinology, catering to Pediatric Clinicians and Immunologists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dheeraj Soni
- grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Sharan Bobbala
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Sophia Li
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Evan A. Scott
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
| | - David J. Dowling
- grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Wang HP, Wang ZG, Liu SL. Current status and future trends of vaccine development against viral infection and disease. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00996f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper focuses on the classification and representative studies of viral vaccines and future directions of vaccine design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences
- College of Chemistry
- and School of Medicine
| | - Zhi-Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences
- College of Chemistry
- and School of Medicine
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences
- College of Chemistry
- and School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
O'Hagan DT, Lodaya RN, Lofano G. The continued advance of vaccine adjuvants - 'we can work it out'. Semin Immunol 2020; 50:101426. [PMID: 33257234 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2020.101426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade there have been some significant advances in vaccine adjuvants, particularly in relation to their inclusion in licensed products. This was proceeded by several decades in which such advances were very scarce, or entirely absent, but several novel adjuvants have now been included in licensed products, including in the US. These advances have relied upon several key technological insights that have emerged in this time period, which have finally allowed an in depth understanding of how adjuvants work. These advances include developments in systems biology approaches which allow the hypotheses first advanced in pre-clinical studies to be critically evaluated in human studies. This review highlights these recent advances, both in relation to the adjuvants themselves, but also the technologies that have enabled their successes. Moreover, we critically appraise what will come next, both in terms of new adjuvant molecules, and the technologies needed to allow them to succeed. We confidently predict that additional adjuvants will emerge in the coming years that will reach approval in licensed products, but that the components might differ significantly from those which are currently used. Gradually, the natural products that were originally used to build adjuvants, since they were readily available at the time of initial development, will come to be replaced by synthetic or biosynthetic materials, with more appealing attributes, including more reliable and robust supply, along with reduced heterogeneity. The recent advance in vaccine adjuvants is timely, given the need to create novel vaccines to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic. Although, we must ensure that the rigorous safety evaluations that allowed the current adjuvants to advance are not 'short-changed' in the push for new vaccines to meet the global challenge as quickly as possible, we must not jeopardize what we have achieved, by pushing less established technologies too quickly, if the data does not fully support it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek T O'Hagan
- GSK, Slaoui Center for Vaccines Research, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Rushit N Lodaya
- GSK, Slaoui Center for Vaccines Research, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Giuseppe Lofano
- GSK, Slaoui Center for Vaccines Research, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Abstract
Introduction: Controlling the preventable infectious diseases is the main goal of vaccination. Among the vaccines, combined vaccines are of great importance for their social, public health, and economic values. It is stated that the combined vaccines are as efficient and safe as the monovalent vaccines. However, a concern has raised about the efficacy and safety of the combined vaccines due to the outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases and occurrence of serious adverse events. Areas covered: A retrospective literature search was conducted in the Google Scholar and PubMed databases to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combined vaccines from 1980 to 2020 using appropriate keywords. Expert opinion: Several studies have shown efficacy and safety issues related to the combined vaccines. Different factors contribute to the inefficacy and lack of safety in the vaccines including formulation problems, limited data in the pre-licensure studies and challenges related to imperfection of the post-licensure surveillance systems. For surmounting the mentioned obstacles, there is a need to provide new formulations of the vaccines, revise the vaccines҆ safety and efficacy acceptance standards in the pre-licensure studies, improvement of post-licensure surveillance systems, and education of healthcare staff.
Collapse
|
55
|
Inflammasome-Mediated Immunogenicity of Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Adjuvants. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030554. [PMID: 32971761 PMCID: PMC7565252 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In modern vaccines, adjuvants can be sophisticated immunological tools to promote robust and long-lasting protection against prevalent diseases. However, there is an urgent need to improve immunogenicity of vaccines in order to protect mankind from life-threatening diseases such as AIDS, malaria or, most recently, COVID-19. Therefore, it is important to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of action of vaccine adjuvants, which generally trigger the innate immune system to enhance signal transition to adaptive immunity, resulting in pathogen-specific protection. Thus, improved understanding of vaccine adjuvant mechanisms may aid in the design of “intelligent” vaccines to provide robust protection from pathogens. Various commonly used clinical adjuvants, such as aluminium salts, saponins or emulsions, have been identified as activators of inflammasomes - multiprotein signalling platforms that drive activation of inflammatory caspases, resulting in secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines of the IL-1 family. Importantly, these cytokines affect the cellular and humoral arms of adaptive immunity, which indicates that inflammasomes represent a valuable target of vaccine adjuvants. In this review, we highlight the impact of different inflammasomes on vaccine adjuvant-induced immune responses regarding their mechanisms and immunogenicity. In this context, we focus on clinically relevant adjuvants that have been shown to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome and also present various experimental adjuvants that activate the NLRP3-, NLRC4-, AIM2-, pyrin-, or non-canonical inflammasomes and could have the potential to improve future vaccines. Together, we provide a comprehensive overview on vaccine adjuvants that are known, or suggested, to promote immunogenicity through inflammasome-mediated signalling.
Collapse
|
56
|
Song Y, Yang Y, Lin X, Li X, Zhang X, Ma G, Su Z, Zhang S. In-situ and sensitive stability study of emulsion and aluminum adjuvanted inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine by differential scanning fluorimetry analysis. Vaccine 2020; 38:2904-2912. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
57
|
Microfluidic-prepared DOTAP nanoparticles induce strong T-cell responses in mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227891. [PMID: 31978077 PMCID: PMC6980563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
For the induction of antigen-specific T-cell responses by vaccination, an appropriate immune adjuvant is required. Vaccine adjuvants generally provide two functions, namely, immune potentiator and delivery, and many adjuvants that can efficiently induce T-cell responses are known to have the combination of these two functions. In this study, we explored a cationic lipid DOTAP-based adjuvant. We found that the microfluidic preparation of DOTAP nanoparticles induced stronger CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses than liposomal DOTAP. The further addition of Type-A CpG D35 in DOTAP nanoparticles increased the induction of T-cell responses, particularly in CD4+ T cells. Further investigations revealed that the size of DOTAP nanoparticles, prepared buffer conditions, and physicochemical interaction with vaccine antigen are important factors for the efficient induction of T-cell responses with a relatively small antigen dose. These results suggested that microfluidic-prepared DOTAP nanoparticles plus D35 are a promising adjuvant for a vaccine that induces therapeutic T-cell responses for treating cancer and infectious diseases.
Collapse
|
58
|
Bastola R, Seo JE, Keum T, Noh G, Choi JW, Shin JI, Kim JH, Lee S. Preparation of Squalene Oil-Based Emulsion Adjuvants Employing a Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System and Assessment of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae-Specific Antibody Titers in BALB/c Mice. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11120667. [PMID: 31835466 PMCID: PMC6956182 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11120667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) was employed to prepare novel squalene oil-based emulsion adjuvants. Deionized water, 0.01% and 0.02% (w/v) carbomer solutions of C-971P NF and C-940 grades were used to prepare emulsions containing 3%, 5% and 10% of squalene oil. Altogether 15 candidate emulsions were prepared and used as adjuvants for the delivery of a combination vaccine containing a porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) antigen and inactivated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (J101 strain) antigen. Most of the emulsions showed droplet sizes in the submicron range and maintained zeta potential values between -40 mV to 0 mV for six months, indicating good physical stability as a vaccine adjuvant. Emulsion-based candidate adjuvants prepared with SEDDS technology stimulated IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a like a currently commercially available adjuvant, Montanide ISATM 201, and they were safe and their Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae-specific antibody titers were considered as comparable with that of Montanide ISATM 201.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Bastola
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea; (R.B.); (J.-E.S.); (T.K.); (G.N.); (J.W.C.)
| | - Jo-Eun Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea; (R.B.); (J.-E.S.); (T.K.); (G.N.); (J.W.C.)
| | - Taekwang Keum
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea; (R.B.); (J.-E.S.); (T.K.); (G.N.); (J.W.C.)
| | - Gyubin Noh
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea; (R.B.); (J.-E.S.); (T.K.); (G.N.); (J.W.C.)
| | - Jae Woong Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea; (R.B.); (J.-E.S.); (T.K.); (G.N.); (J.W.C.)
| | - Jong Il Shin
- Komipharm International Co., Ltd., 17 Gyeongje-ro, Siheung-si, Gyonggi-do 15094, Korea; (J.I.S.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Ju Hun Kim
- Komipharm International Co., Ltd., 17 Gyeongje-ro, Siheung-si, Gyonggi-do 15094, Korea; (J.I.S.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Sangkil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea; (R.B.); (J.-E.S.); (T.K.); (G.N.); (J.W.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-580-6655
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Designed DNA-Encoded IL-36 Gamma Acts as a Potent Molecular Adjuvant Enhancing Zika Synthetic DNA Vaccine-Induced Immunity and Protection in a Lethal Challenge Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7020042. [PMID: 31121939 PMCID: PMC6632123 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of novel molecular adjuvants which can boost and enhance vaccine-mediated immunity and provide dose-sparing potential against complex infectious diseases and for immunotherapy in cancer is likely to play a critical role in the next generation of vaccines. Given the number of challenging targets for which no or only partial vaccine options exist, adjuvants that can address some of these concerns are in high demand. Here, we report that a designed truncated Interleukin-36 gamma (IL-36 gamma) encoded plasmid can act as a potent adjuvant for several DNA-encoded vaccine targets including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza, and Zika in immunization models. We further show that the truncated IL-36 gamma (opt-36γt) plasmid provides improved dose sparing as it boosts immunity to a suboptimal dose of a Zika DNA vaccine, resulting in potent protection against a lethal Zika challenge.
Collapse
|
60
|
Chemical and Immunological Characteristics of Aluminum-Based, Oil-Water Emulsion, and Bacterial-Origin Adjuvants. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:3974127. [PMID: 31205956 PMCID: PMC6530223 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3974127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adjuvants are a diverse family of substances whose main objective is to increase the strength, quality, and duration of the immune response caused by vaccines. The most commonly used adjuvants are aluminum-based, oil-water emulsion, and bacterial-origin adjuvants. In this paper, we will discuss how the election of adjuvants is important for the adjuvant-mediated induction of immunity for different types of vaccines. Aluminum-based adjuvants are the most commonly used, the safest, and have the best efficacy, due to the triggering of a strong humoral response, albeit generating a weak induction of cell-mediated immune response. Freund's adjuvant is the most widely used oil-water emulsion adjuvant in animal trials; it stimulates inflammation and causes aggregation and precipitation of soluble protein antigens that facilitate the uptake by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Adjuvants of bacterial origin, such as flagellin, E. coli membranes, and monophosphoryl lipid A (MLA), are known to potentiate immune responses, but their safety and risks are the main concern of their clinical use. This minireview summarizes the mechanisms that classic and novel adjuvants produce to stimulate immune responses.
Collapse
|
61
|
Koerner J, Horvath D, Groettrup M. Harnessing Dendritic Cells for Poly (D,L-lactide- co-glycolide) Microspheres (PLGA MS)-Mediated Anti-tumor Therapy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:707. [PMID: 31024545 PMCID: PMC6460768 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With emerging success in fighting off cancer, chronic infections, and autoimmune diseases, immunotherapy has become a promising therapeutic approach compared to conventional therapies such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or immunosuppressive medication. Despite the advancement of monoclonal antibody therapy against immune checkpoints, the development of safe and efficient cancer vaccine formulations still remains a pressing medical need. Anti-tumor immunotherapy requires the induction of antigen-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses which recognize and specifically destroy tumor cells. Due to the crucial role of dendritic cells (DCs) in initiating anti-tumor immunity, targeting tumor antigens to DCs has become auspicious in modern vaccine research. Over the last two decades, micron- or nanometer-sized particulate delivery systems encapsulating tumor antigens and immunostimulatory molecules into biodegradable polymers have shown great promise for the induction of potent, specific and long-lasting anti-tumor responses in vivo. Enhanced vaccine efficiency of the polymeric micro/nanoparticles has been attributed to controlled and continuous release of encapsulated antigens, efficient targeting of antigen presenting cells (APCs) such as DCs and subsequent induction of CTL immunity. Poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), as one of these polymers, has been extensively studied for the design and development of particulate antigen delivery systems in cancer therapy. This review provides an overview of the current state of research on the application of PLGA microspheres (PLGA MS) as anti-tumor cancer vaccines in activating and potentiating immune responses attempting to highlight their potential in the development of cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Koerner
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Dennis Horvath
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Marcus Groettrup
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Rodríguez K, Villalta M, Marín E, Briceño M, León G, Montero ML. Physical characteristics of nano-Hydroxyapatite Pickering-emulsions and their adjuvant activity on the antibody response towards the Bothros asper snake venom. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 100:23-29. [PMID: 30948057 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.02.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Emulsions are crucial in the treatment of snake bites to bust the antibody response of the inmunogen. The widely used Freund's emulsion typically combines 50/50 water-oil (W/O) phase. However, its use is limited because it is associated with tissue damage. We formulated and characterized a Pickering Emulsion 70/30 (W/O) that uses a chemically modified hydrophobic hydroxyapatite as surfactant. This Pickering emulsion has similar rheologic behavior to Freund's emulsion 50/50, but with lower oil and surfactant concentration. Evaluation of cell recruitment, antibody response and adhering tissue in mice immunized with B. asper of Pacific venom and treated with Freund's and Pickering 70/30 emulsions resulted in similar adjuvant activity (only 18% lower in Pickering 70/30 emulsion). However, Pickering 70/30 emulsions minimized negative side effects in the host animals and showed better ease of flow that favors injection of the host. Our results open up room for optimization and improvement of Pickering emulsion based on modified nanoparticles for medical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Rodríguez
- Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica; Centro de Electroquímica y Energía Química (CELEQ), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - M Villalta
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica
| | - E Marín
- Nano Dispersión Technologys Inc., Panamá
| | - M Briceño
- Nano Dispersión Technologys Inc., Panamá
| | - G León
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica
| | - M L Montero
- Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica; Centro de Electroquímica y Energía Química (CELEQ), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Byrne-Nash RT, Gillis JH, Miller DF, Bueter KM, Kuck LR, Rowlen KL. A neuraminidase potency assay for quantitative assessment of neuraminidase in influenza vaccines. NPJ Vaccines 2019; 4:3. [PMID: 30675394 PMCID: PMC6342948 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-019-0099-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuraminidase (NA) immunity leads to decreased viral shedding and reduced severity of influenza disease; however, NA content in influenza vaccines is currently not regulated, resulting in inconsistent quality and quantity of NA that can vary from manufacturer to manufacturer, from year to year, and from lot to lot. To address this problem, we have developed an assay for NA quantification that could be used by the industry to move toward developing influenza vaccines that induce a predictable immune response to NA. The VaxArray Influenza Seasonal NA Potency Assay (VXI-sNA) is a multiplexed sandwich immunoassay that relies on six subtype-specific monoclonal antibodies printed in microarray format and a suite of fluor-conjugated “label” antibodies. The performance of the assay as applied to a wide range of influenza vaccines is described herein. The assay demonstrated high NA subtype specificity and high sensitivity, with quantification limits ranging from 1 to 60 ng/mL and linear dynamic ranges of 24–500-fold. When compared to an enzymatic activity assay for samples exposed to thermal degradation conditions, the assay was able to track changes in protein stability over time and exhibited good correlation with enzyme activity. The assay also demonstrated excellent analytical precision with relative error ranging from 6 to 12% over day-to-day, user-to-user, and lot-to-lot variation. The high sensitivity and reproducibility of the assay enabled robust detection and quantification of NA in crude in-process samples and low-dose, adjuvanted vaccines with an accuracy of 100 ± 10%. Influenza vaccines that contain neuraminidase (NA) are associated with lower disease severity and better prognosis in vaccinated individuals, but the amount and quality of NA present in vaccines remains difficult to determine. Here, Rose Byrne-Nash and colleagues present the VaxArray Influenza Seasonal NA Potency Assay (VXI-sNA), a multiplexed sandwich immunoassay for the quantification of NA of all subtypes and for the determination of its potency. Featuring multiple NA subtype-specific antibodies printed in microarray format, the VXI-sNA showed high precision, dynamic range and reproducibility, and its results correlated well with NA enzymatic activity. This method is a step forward towards standardization of NA quantification for the assessment of stability, batch-to-batch variation and immunogenicity of NA in influenza vaccine formulations, and may help to develop influenza vaccines that trigger predictable immune responses to NA for increased protection against influenza infections.
Collapse
|
64
|
Bastola R, Seo JE, Noh G, Keum T, Kim JH, Shin JI, Lee S, Lee S. Determination of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae-Specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a Titers in BALB/c Mice Induced by Mineral Oil-Based Oil-in-Water Emulsion Adjuvants Prepared Using a Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:31. [PMID: 30603786 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1245-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We prepared mineral oil-based emulsion adjuvants by employing simple self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS). Mineral oil emulsions (3%, 5%, and 7%) were prepared using deionized water and C-971P NF and C-940 grade carbomer solutions with concentrations 0.01% (w/v) and 0.02% (w/v). In total, 15 emulsions were prepared and mixed with a solution containing inactivated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (J101 strain) antigen and porcine circovirus type 2 antigen to prepare vaccines. Droplet sizes in the submicron range and zeta potential values between - 40 and 0 mV were maintained by most emulsion adjuvants for a period of 6 months. Emulsion adjuvants were regarded safe, and their M. hyopneumoniae-specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a titers were either better or comparable to those of aluminum gel.
Collapse
|
65
|
Vemireddy S, M.C. PP, Halmuthur M. SK. Chitosan stabilized nasal emulsion delivery system for effective humoral and cellular response against recombinant tetravalent dengue antigen. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 190:129-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
66
|
Schmidt ST, Pedersen GK, Neustrup MA, Korsholm KS, Rades T, Andersen P, Foged C, Christensen D. Induction of Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Responses Upon Subcutaneous Administration of a Subunit Vaccine Adjuvanted With an Emulsion Containing the Toll-Like Receptor 3 Ligand Poly(I:C). Front Immunol 2018; 9:898. [PMID: 29760705 PMCID: PMC5936752 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an unmet medical need for new subunit vaccines that induce cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses to prevent infection with a number of pathogens. However, stimulation of CTL responses via clinically acceptable subcutaneous (s.c.) and intramuscular (i.m.) injection is challenging. Recently, we designed a liposomal adjuvant [cationic adjuvant formulation (CAF)09] composed of the cationic lipid dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DDA) bromide, a synthetic monomycoloyl glycerol analog and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, which induce strong CTL responses to peptide and protein antigens after intraperitoneal administration. By contrast, CAF09 does not stimulate CTL responses upon s.c. or i.m. injection because the vaccine forms a depot that remains at the injection site. Hence, we engineered a series of nanoemulsions (CAF24a-c) based on the active components of CAF09. The oil phase consisted of biodegradable squalane, and the surface charge was varied systematically by replacing DDA with zwitterionic distearoylphosphoethanolamine. We hypothesized that the nanoemulsions drain to the lymph nodes to a larger extent than CAF09, upon s.c. co-administration with the model antigen chicken egg ovalbumin (OVA). This results in an increased dose fraction that reaches the draining lymph nodes (dLNs) and subsequently activates cross-presenting dendritic cells (DCs), which can prime CTL responses. Indeed, the nanoemulsions induced antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses, which were significantly higher than those stimulated by OVA adjuvanted with CAF09. We explain this by the observed rapid localization of CAF24a in the dLNs and the subsequent association with conventional DCs, which promotes induction of CTL responses. Uptake of CAF24a was not specific for DCs, because CAF24a was also detected with B cells and macrophages. No measurable dose fraction of CAF09 was detected in the dLNs within the study period, and CAF09 formed a depot at the site of injection. Importantly, s.c. vaccination with OVA adjuvanted with CAF24a induced significant levels of specific lysis of antigen-pulsed splenocytes were induced after, which was not observed for OVA adjuvanted with CAF09. Thus, CAF24a is a promising adjuvant for induction of CTL responses upon s.c. and i.m. immunization, and it offers interesting perspectives for the design of vaccines against pathogens for which CTL responses are required to prevent infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Signe Tandrup Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Malene Aaby Neustrup
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen Smith Korsholm
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Andersen
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Foged
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Minz S, Pandey RS. Lipid A adjuvanted Chylomicron Mimicking Solid Fat Nanoemulsions for Immunization Against Hepatitis B. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:1168-1181. [PMID: 29243216 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0932-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional parenteral recombinant hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccines have effectively reduced the disease burden despite being able to induce seroprotective antibody titers in 5-10% vaccinated individuals (non-responders). Moreover, an estimated 340 million chronic HBV cases are in need of treatment. Development of safe, stable, and more effective hepatitis B vaccine formulation would address these challenges. Recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (rHBsAg) entrapped solid fat nanoemulsions (SFNs) containing monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) that was prepared and optimized by quality by design (QbD) using response surface methodology (RSM), i.e., central composite design (CCD). Its immune potential was evaluated with preset immunization protocol in a murine model. Dose escalation study revealed that formulation containing 1 μg of rHBsAg entrapped SFNs with MPLA-induced significant higher humoral, and cellular response compared to the marketed vaccine (Genvac B) administered intramuscularly. SFNs with nanometric morphology and structural similarity with chylomicrons assist in improved uptake and processing to lymphatics. Moreover, the presence of an immunogenic component in its structure further augments delivery of rHBsAg to immune cells with induction of danger signals. This multi-adjuvant based approach explores new prospect for the dose sparing. Improved cellular immune response induced by this vaccine formulation suggests that it could be tested as an immunotherapeutic vaccine as well.
Collapse
|
68
|
Xia Y, Wu J, Wei W, Du Y, Wan T, Ma X, An W, Guo A, Miao C, Yue H, Li S, Cao X, Su Z, Ma G. Exploiting the pliability and lateral mobility of Pickering emulsion for enhanced vaccination. NATURE MATERIALS 2018; 17:187-194. [PMID: 29300052 DOI: 10.1038/nmat5057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge in vaccine formulations is the stimulation of both the humoral and cellular immune response for well-defined antigens with high efficacy and safety. Adjuvant research has focused on developing particulate carriers to model the sizes, shapes and compositions of microbes or diseased cells, but not antigen fluidity and pliability. Here, we develop Pickering emulsions-that is, particle-stabilized emulsions that retain the force-dependent deformability and lateral mobility of presented antigens while displaying high biosafety and antigen-loading capabilities. Compared with solid particles and conventional surfactant-stabilized emulsions, the optimized Pickering emulsions enhance the recruitment, antigen uptake and activation of antigen-presenting cells, potently stimulating both humoral and cellular adaptive responses, and thus increasing the survival of mice upon lethal challenge. The pliability and lateral mobility of antigen-loaded Pickering emulsions may provide a facile, effective, safe and broadly applicable strategy to enhance adaptive immunity against infections and diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
- PLA Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Yiqun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Tao Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Hualan Biological Bacterin Co., Ltd, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
| | - Wenqi An
- Hualan Biological Bacterin Co., Ltd, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
| | - Aiying Guo
- Hualan Biological Bacterin Co., Ltd, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
| | - Chunyu Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Hua Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Shuoguo Li
- Center for Biological Imaging, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Xuetao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Zhiguo Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
- PLA Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Guanghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
- PLA Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Production & Formulation Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Toprani VM, Sahni N, Hickey JM, Robertson GA, Middaugh CR, Joshi SB, Volkin DB. Development of a candidate stabilizing formulation for bulk storage of a double mutant heat labile toxin (dmLT) protein based adjuvant. Vaccine 2017; 35:5471-5480. [PMID: 28551040 PMCID: PMC5628956 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.03.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the formulation design and development of a novel protein based adjuvant, a double mutant of heat labile toxin (dmLT), based on knowledge of the protein's structural integrity and physicochemical degradation pathways. Various classes of pharmaceutical excipients were screened for their stabilizing effect on dmLT during exposure to thermal and agitation stresses as monitored by high throughput analytical assays for dmLT degradation. Sucrose, phosphate, sodium chloride, methionine and polysorbate-80 were identified as potential stabilizers that protected dmLT against either conformational destabilization, aggregation/particle formation or chemical degradation (e.g., Met oxidation and Lys glycation). Different combinations and concentrations of the selected stabilizers were then evaluated to further optimize dmLT stability while maintaining pharmaceutically acceptable ranges of solution pH and osmolality. The effect of multiple freeze-thaw (FT) cycles on the physical stability of candidate bulk formulations was also examined. Increasing the polysorbate-80 concentration to 0.1% in the lead candidate bulk formulation mitigated the loss of protein mass during FT. This formulation development study enabled the design of a new bulk formulation of the dmLT adjuvant and provides flexibility for future use in combination with a variety of different vaccine dosage forms with different antigens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal M Toprani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Neha Sahni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - John M Hickey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - George A Robertson
- The Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, PATH, 455 Massachusetts Ave NW Suite 1000, Washington, DC 20001, USA
| | - C Russell Middaugh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Sangeeta B Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
O'Hagan DT, Friedland LR, Hanon E, Didierlaurent AM. Towards an evidence based approach for the development of adjuvanted vaccines. Curr Opin Immunol 2017; 47:93-102. [PMID: 28755542 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In the last two decades, several vaccines formulated with a new generation of adjuvants have been licensed or approved to target diseases such as influenza, hepatitis B, cervical cancer, and malaria. These new generation adjuvants appear to work by delivering a localized activation signal to the innate immune system, which in turn promotes antigen-specific adaptive immunity. Advances in understanding of the innate immune system together with high-throughput discovery of synthetic immune potentiators are now expanding the portfolio of new generation adjuvants available for evaluation. Meanwhile, omics and systems biology are providing molecular benchmarks or signatures to assess vaccine safety and effectiveness. This accumulating knowledge and experience raises the prospect that the future selection of the right antigen/adjuvant combination can be more evidence based and can speed up the clinical development program for new adjuvanted vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek T O'Hagan
- GSK Vaccines, 14200 Shady Grove Road, Rockville, MD, USA. derek.t.o'
| | | | - Emmanuel Hanon
- GSK Vaccines, Rue de l'Institut 89, 1330 Rixensart, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
71
|
Bertona D, Pujato N, Bontempi I, Gonzalez V, Cabrera G, Gugliotta L, Hozbor D, Nicastro A, Calvinho L, Marcipar IS. Development and assessment of a new cage-like particle adjuvant. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 69:1293-1303. [PMID: 28664569 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To obtain and assess stable cage-like particles with low surface charge density, which can be prepared using a standardized, economic and scalable method. METHODS To form these nanoparticles, the lipid composition and proportion as well the method were modified in relation to cage-like particles previously described elsewhere. Bovine albumin was used to compare ISPA performance with that of other adjuvants in mice and to assess stability. Adjuvant efficacy was analysed using a mouse model of Trypanosoma cruzi infection, which shows protection against an intracellular infection that needs a strong cellular response. KEY FINDINGS The new particles were better in terms of level, kinetics and profile of humoral responses than Freund Adjuvant, aluminium hydroxide and Montanide TM ISA 206; they also tended to improve ISCOMATRIX™ performance. Particle size and adjuvant performance were conserved during the 6-month period assessed after preparation. In the model of Trypanosoma cruzi infection, mice immunized with ISPA and trans-sialidase developed high protection. CONCLUSIONS The obtained nanoparticles were stable and outperformed the other assessed adjuvants in joining together the capacity of most adjuvants to enhance the immune response against specific antigen, to reduce the number of doses, to homogenize the response between individuals and to reach a balanced TH1/TH2 response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Bertona
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Nazarena Pujato
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Iván Bontempi
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Verónica Gonzalez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,INTEC (Universidad Nacional del Litoral and CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Cabrera
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis Gugliotta
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,INTEC (Universidad Nacional del Litoral and CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Daniela Hozbor
- Laboratorio VacSal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CCT La Plata CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Luis Calvinho
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Iván Sergio Marcipar
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Schmidt ST, Neustrup MA, Harloff-Helleberg S, Korsholm KS, Rades T, Andersen P, Christensen D, Foged C. Systematic Investigation of the Role of Surfactant Composition and Choice of oil: Design of a Nanoemulsion-Based Adjuvant Inducing Concomitant Humoral and CD4 + T-Cell Responses. Pharm Res 2017; 34:1716-1727. [PMID: 28516400 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2180-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Induction of cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses is crucial for vaccine-mediated protection against difficult vaccine targets, e.g., Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct). Adjuvants are included in subunit vaccines to potentiate immune responses, but many marketed adjuvants stimulate predominantly humoral immune responses. Therefore, there is an unmet medical need for new adjuvants, which potentiate humoral and CMI responses. The purpose was to design an oil-in-water nanoemulsion adjuvant containing a synthetic CMI-inducing mycobacterial monomycoloyl glycerol (MMG) analogue to concomitantly induce humoral and CMI responses. METHODS The influence of emulsion composition was analyzed using a systematic approach. Three factors were varied: i) saturation of the oil phase, ii) type and saturation of the applied surfactant mixture, and iii) surfactant mixture net charge. RESULTS The emulsions were colloidally stable with a droplet diameter of 150-250 nm, and the zeta-potential correlated closely with the net charge of the surfactant mixture. Only cationic emulsions containing the unsaturated surfactant mixture induced concomitant humoral and CMI responses upon immunization of mice with a Ct antigen, and the responses were enhanced when squalene was applied as the oil phase. In contrast, emulsions with neutral and net negative zeta-potentials did not induce CMI responses. The saturation degree of the oil phase did not influence the adjuvanticity. CONCLUSION Cationic, MMG analogue-containing nanoemulsions are potential adjuvants for vaccines against pathogens for which both humoral and CMI responses are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Signe Tandrup Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,Statens Serum Institut, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Artillerivej 5, 2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Malene Aaby Neustrup
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Stine Harloff-Helleberg
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Karen Smith Korsholm
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Artillerivej 5, 2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Peter Andersen
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Artillerivej 5, 2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Artillerivej 5, 2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Camilla Foged
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Gene transfection efficiency into dendritic cells is influenced by the size of cationic liposomes/DNA complexes. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 102:230-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
74
|
Rehm BHA. Bioengineering towards self-assembly of particulate vaccines. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2017; 48:42-53. [PMID: 28365472 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is an unmet demand for safe and efficient vaccines for prevention of various infectious diseases. Subunit vaccines comprise selected pathogen specific antigens are a safe alternative to whole organism vaccines. However they often lack immunogenicity. Natural and synthetic self-assembling polymers and proteins will be reviewed in view their use to encapsulate and/or display antigens to serve as immunogenic antigen carriers for induction of protective immunity. Recent advances made in in vivo assembly of antigen-displaying polyester inclusions will be a focus. Particulate vaccines are inherently immunogenic due to enhanced uptake by antigen presenting cells which process antigens mediating adaptive immune responses. Bioengineering approaches enable the design of tailor-made particulate vaccines to fine tune immune responses towards protective immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd H A Rehm
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Biotechnology approaches to produce potent, self-adjuvanting antigen-adjuvant fusion protein subunit vaccines. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:375-389. [PMID: 28288861 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Traditional vaccination approaches (e.g. live attenuated or killed microorganisms) are among the most effective means to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. These approaches, nevertheless, have failed to yield successful vaccines against many important pathogens. To overcome this problem, methods have been developed to identify microbial components, against which protective immune responses can be elicited. Subunit antigens identified by these approaches enable the production of defined vaccines, with improved safety profiles. However, they are generally poorly immunogenic, necessitating their administration with potent immunostimulatory adjuvants. Since few safe and effective adjuvants are currently used in vaccines approved for human use, with those available displaying poor potency, or an inability to stimulate the types of immune responses required for vaccines against specific diseases (e.g. cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs) to treat cancers), the development of new vaccines will be aided by the availability of characterized platforms of new adjuvants, improving our capacity to rationally select adjuvants for different applications. One such approach, involves the addition of microbial components (pathogen-associated molecular patterns; PAMPs), that can stimulate strong immune responses, into subunit vaccine formulations. The conjugation of PAMPs to subunit antigens provides a means to greatly increase vaccine potency, by targeting immunostimulation and antigen to the same antigen presenting cell. Thus, methods that enable the efficient, and inexpensive production of antigen-adjuvant fusions represent an exciting mean to improve immunity towards subunit antigens. Herein we review four protein-based adjuvants (flagellin, bacterial lipoproteins, the extra domain A of fibronectin (EDA), and heat shock proteins (Hsps)), which can be genetically fused to antigens to enable recombinant production of antigen-adjuvant fusion proteins, with a focus on their mechanisms of action, structural or sequence requirements for activity, sequence modifications to enhance their activity or simplify production, adverse effects, and examples of vaccines in preclinical or human clinical trials.
Collapse
|
76
|
Valverde JM, Rodríguez K, Herrera M, Segura Á, Vargas M, Villalta M, Montero M, Gutiérrez JM, León G. Comparison of the adjuvant activity of emulsions with different physicochemical properties on the antibody response towards the venom of West African carpet viper (Echis ocellatus). Toxicon 2017; 127:106-111. [PMID: 28088478 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adjuvant emulsions are widely used to enhance the antibody response of the animals used as immunoglobulin source for producing antivenoms. Usually, the adjuvant activity of emulsions is attributed both to their ability to trigger "danger" signals from cells in which they induce death, and to form depots from which immunogens are slowly released. However, there is contradictory evidence suggesting that adjuvant activity of emulsions is independent of the dispersion type and the rate of immunogen release. In order to test how physical properties of emulsions, composed of mineral oil and water, affect their ability to enhance the antibody response towards snake venoms, we compared water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions prepared at volume ratios of 70/30, 50/50 or 30/70, a 50/50 oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion, and a water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) multiple emulsion. Comparison included their droplet-size, viscosity, rate of immunogen release and ability to enhance the antibody response of mice immunized with the venom of the African viperid snake Echis ocellatus. It was found that all emulsions released a low amount of venom, and that the 50/50 (W/O) and the multiple emulsion (W/O/W) were those that induced the higher anti-venom antibody response. Our results suggest that the ability of emulsions to enhance the anti-venom response is not associated to their ability to form depots from which the venom is slowly released.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Valverde
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Karina Rodríguez
- Centro de Electroquímica y Energía Química, Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - María Herrera
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica; Sección de Química Analítica, Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Álvaro Segura
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Mariángela Vargas
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Mauren Villalta
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Mavis Montero
- Centro de Electroquímica y Energía Química, Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Jose María Gutiérrez
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Guillermo León
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Shah RR, Hassett KJ, Brito LA. Overview of Vaccine Adjuvants: Introduction, History, and Current Status. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1494:1-13. [PMID: 27718182 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6445-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvants are included in sub-unit or recombinant vaccines to enhance the potency of poorly immunogenic antigens. Adjuvant discovery is as complex as it is a multidiscplinary intersection of formulation science, immunology, toxicology, and biology. Adjuvants such as alum, which have been in use for the past 90 years, have illustrated that adjuvant research is a methodical process. As science advances, new analytical tools are developed which allows us to delve deeper into the various mechanisms that generates a potent immune response. Additionally, these new techniques help the field learn about our existing vaccines and what makes them safe, and effective, allowing us to leverage that in the next generation of vaccines. Our goal in this chapter is to define the concept, need, and mechanism of adjuvants in the vaccine field while describing its history, present use, and future prospects. More details on individual adjuvants and their formulation, development, mechanism, and use will be covered in depth in the next chapters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi R Shah
- Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Luis A Brito
- Moderna Therapeutics, 320 Bent Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Genta I, Colonna C, Conti B, Caliceti P, Salmaso S, Speziale P, Pietrocola G, Chiesa E, Modena T, Dorati R. CNA-loaded PLGA nanoparticles improve humoral response againstS. aureus-mediated infections in a mouse model: subcutaneous vs. nasal administration strategy. J Microencapsul 2016; 33:750-762. [DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2016.1260661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ida Genta
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Colonna
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Bice Conti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Caliceti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Salmaso
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Pietro Speziale
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giampiero Pietrocola
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Enrica Chiesa
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Tiziana Modena
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Rossella Dorati
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Noh HJ, Noh YW, Heo MB, Kim EH, Park SJ, Kim YI, Choi YK, Lim YT. Injectable and Pathogen-Mimicking Hydrogels for Enhanced Protective Immunity against Emerging and Highly Pathogenic Influenza Virus. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:6279-6288. [PMID: 27671946 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201602344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal emerging infectious diseases such as influenza A impose substantial risk and need new translational strategies to achieve active immunomodulation. Here, a novel injectable pathogen-mimicking hydrogel (iPMH) that can enhance both cellular and humoral immune responses is suggested. By the help of poly(γ-glutamic acid) that has abundant carboxylate groups and dispersion helper function, hydrophobic immunostimulatory 3-O-desacyl-4'-monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) molecules and viral antigens (PR8, W150) can be successfully combined as pathogen-mimicking adjuvants. Polyelectrolyte complex between the poly(γ-glutamic acid)-based adjuvants and collagens generate in situ gel-forming hydrogel at physiological temperature. When the iPMH are immunized, they act as a pathogen-mimicking (MPLA, H1N1, H5N1) immune priming center and a depot for continuous stimulation of immune system, resulting in the induction of high levels (8.5 times higher) of antigen-specific IgG titers in the sera of mice and the increased number of IFN-γ-producing cells (7.3 times higher) compared with those in the groups immunized with antigen plus clinically used aluminum gels. Following the intranasal infection of the mouse adapted virus (emerging infectious 2009 H1N1 and highly pathogenic 2006 H5N1) at 50 times the 50% lethal dose, the mice immunized with viral antigens plus iPMH exhibit 100% protective immunity against lethal virus challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jong Noh
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Young-Woock Noh
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Min Beom Heo
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ha Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Chengju, 28644, South Korea
| | - Su-Jin Park
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Chengju, 28644, South Korea
| | - Young-Il Kim
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Chengju, 28644, South Korea
| | - Young Ki Choi
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Chengju, 28644, South Korea
| | - Yong Taik Lim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Karch CP, Burkhard P. Vaccine technologies: From whole organisms to rationally designed protein assemblies. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 120:1-14. [PMID: 27157411 PMCID: PMC5079805 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines have been the single most significant advancement in public health, preventing morbidity and mortality in millions of people annually. Vaccine development has traditionally focused on whole organism vaccines, either live attenuated or inactivated vaccines. While successful for many different infectious diseases whole organisms are expensive to produce, require culture of the infectious agent, and have the potential to cause vaccine associated disease in hosts. With advancing technology and a desire to develop safe, cost effective vaccine candidates, the field began to focus on the development of recombinantly expressed antigens known as subunit vaccines. While more tolerable, subunit vaccines tend to be less immunogenic. Attempts have been made to increase immunogenicity with the addition of adjuvants, either immunostimulatory molecules or an antigen delivery system that increases immune responses to vaccines. An area of extreme interest has been the application of nanotechnology to vaccine development, which allows for antigens to be expressed on a particulate delivery system. One of the most exciting examples of nanovaccines are rationally designed protein nanoparticles. These nanoparticles use some of the basic tenants of structural biology, biophysical chemistry, and vaccinology to develop protective, safe, and easily manufactured vaccines. Rationally developed nanoparticle vaccines are one of the most promising candidates for the future of vaccine development.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/adverse effects
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/chemistry
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/therapeutic use
- Allergy and Immunology/history
- Allergy and Immunology/trends
- Animals
- Antigens/adverse effects
- Antigens/chemistry
- Antigens/immunology
- Antigens/therapeutic use
- Biopharmaceutics/history
- Biopharmaceutics/methods
- Biopharmaceutics/trends
- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/history
- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/trends
- Communicable Disease Control/history
- Communicable Disease Control/trends
- Communicable Diseases/immunology
- Communicable Diseases/veterinary
- Drug Delivery Systems/adverse effects
- Drug Delivery Systems/trends
- Drug Delivery Systems/veterinary
- Drug Design
- History, 19th Century
- History, 20th Century
- History, 21st Century
- Humans
- Nanoparticles/adverse effects
- Nanoparticles/chemistry
- Nanoparticles/therapeutic use
- Protein Engineering/trends
- Protein Engineering/veterinary
- Protein Folding
- Recombinant Proteins/adverse effects
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use
- Vaccines/adverse effects
- Vaccines/chemistry
- Vaccines/immunology
- Vaccines/therapeutic use
- Vaccines, Subunit/adverse effects
- Vaccines, Subunit/chemistry
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/therapeutic use
- Vaccines, Synthetic/adverse effects
- Vaccines, Synthetic/chemistry
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/therapeutic use
- Veterinary Drugs/adverse effects
- Veterinary Drugs/chemistry
- Veterinary Drugs/immunology
- Veterinary Drugs/therapeutic use
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Karch
- The Institute of Materials Science, 97 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, United States
| | - Peter Burkhard
- The Institute of Materials Science, 97 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, United States; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, 93 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Andrianov AK, Marin A, Fuerst TR. Molecular-Level Interactions of Polyphosphazene Immunoadjuvants and Their Potential Role in Antigen Presentation and Cell Stimulation. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:3732-3742. [PMID: 27748602 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Two macromolecular immunoadjuvants, poly[di(carboxylatophenoxy)phosphazene], PCPP, and poly[di(carboxylatoethylphenoxy)phosphazene], PCEP, have been investigated for their molecular interactions with model and biopharmaceutically important proteins in solutions, as well as for their TLR stimulatory effects and pH-dependent membrane disruptive activity in cellular assays. Solution interactions between polyphosphazenes and proteins, including antigens and soluble immune receptor proteins, have been studied using Asymmetric Flow Field Flow Fractionation (AF4) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) at near physiological conditions: phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4. Polyphosphazenes demonstrated selectivity in their molecular interactions with various proteins, but displayed strong binding with all vaccine antigens tested in the present study. It was found that both PCPP and PCEP showed strong avidity to soluble immune receptor proteins, such as Mannose Receptor (MR) and certain Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) proteins. Studies on TLR stimulation in vitro using HEK293 cells with overexpressed human TLRs revealed activation of TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 signaling pathways, albeit with some nonspecific stimulation, for PCPP and the same pathways plus TLR3 for PCEP. Finally, PCEP, but not PCPP, demonstrated pH-dependent membrane disruptive activity in the pH range corresponding to the pH environment of early endosomes, which may play a role in a cross-presentation of antigenic proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K Andrianov
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland , Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Alexander Marin
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland , Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Thomas R Fuerst
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland , Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Karch CP, Li J, Kulangara C, Paulillo SM, Raman SK, Emadi S, Tan A, Helal ZH, Fan Q, Khan MI, Burkhard P. Vaccination with self-adjuvanted protein nanoparticles provides protection against lethal influenza challenge. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 13:241-251. [PMID: 27593488 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Current influenza vaccines should be improved by the addition of universal influenza vaccine antigens in order to protect against multiple virus strains. We used our self-assembling protein nanoparticles (SAPNs) to display the two conserved influenza antigens M2e and Helix C in their native oligomerization states. To further improve the immunogenicity of the SAPNs, we designed and incorporated the TLR5 agonist flagellin into the SAPNs to generate self-adjuvanted SAPNs. We demonstrate that addition of flagellin does not affect the ability of SAPNs to self-assemble and that they are able to stimulate TLR5 in a dose-dependent manner. Chickens vaccinated with the self-adjuvanted SAPNs induce significantly higher levels of antibodies than those with unadjuvanted SAPNs and show higher cross-neutralizing activity compared to a commercial inactivated virus vaccine. Upon immunization with self-adjuvanted SAPNs, mice were completely protected against a lethal challenge. Thus, we have generated a self-adjuvanted SAPN with a great potential as a universal influenza vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Karch
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Jianping Li
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sharareh Emadi
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Anmin Tan
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Zeinab H Helal
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alazhar-University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Qing Fan
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA; Department of Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Mazhar I Khan
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
| | - Peter Burkhard
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA; Alpha-O Peptides AG, Riehen, Switzerland; Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Shin WJ, Noh HJ, Noh YW, Kim S, Um SH, Lim YT. Hyaluronic acid-supported combination of water insoluble immunostimulatory compounds for anti-cancer immunotherapy. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 155:1-10. [PMID: 27702491 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A novel powder-form combination adjuvant system containing two immunostimulatory compounds was firstly developed and evaluated as a therapeutic intervention for cancer immunotherapy. With the help of hyaluronic acid (HA), water insoluble monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), QS21 and imiquimod (R837), could be easily dispersed in aqueous solution and lyophilized as powder-form, which have an advantage in room-temperature storage stability compared with those conventional liquid formulation that requires cold storage. Two kinds of HA-based combination vaccine adjuvants (HA/MPL/QS21, HMQ and HA/MPL/R837, HMR) contributed to the increase of both humoral and cellular immunity, which is very important for efficient cancer immunotherapy. Through the challenge experiments in EG7-OVA (mouse lymphoma-expressing OVA) tumor-bearing mice model, we found out that the immunostimulatory effects of HMQ and HMR were successful in the inhibition of tumor proliferation. Taken together, both HA-based powder-form combination adjuvant systems are expected to be used as potent prophylactic and therapeutic cancer vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woo Jung Shin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jong Noh
- Nanomedical Systems Laboratory, SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Woock Noh
- Nanomedical Systems Laboratory, SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyun Kim
- Nanomedical Systems Laboratory, SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Soong Ho Um
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Taik Lim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; Nanomedical Systems Laboratory, SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Vidor E, Soubeyrand B. Manufacturing DTaP-based combination vaccines: industrial challenges around essential public health tools. Expert Rev Vaccines 2016; 15:1575-1582. [PMID: 27345296 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2016.1205492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The manufacture of DTP-backboned combination vaccines is complex, and vaccine quality is evaluated by both batch composition and conformance of manufacturing history. Since their first availability, both the manufacturing regulations for DTP combination vaccines and their demand have evolved significantly. This has resulted in a constant need to modify manufacturing and quality control processes. Areas covered: Regulations that govern the manufacture of complex vaccines can be inconsistent between countries and need to be aligned with the regulatory requirements that apply in all countries of distribution. Changes in product mix and quantities can lead to uncertainty in vaccine supply maintenance. These problems are discussed in the context of the importance of these products as essential public health tools. Expert commentary: Increasing demand for complex vaccines globally has led to problems in supply due to intrinsically complex manufacturing and regulatory procedures. Vaccine manufacturers are fully engaged in the resolution of these challenges, but currently changes in demand need ideally to be anticipated approximately 3 years in advance due to long production cycle times.
Collapse
|
85
|
Abstract
Diarrheal diseases remain a leading cause of global childhood mortality and morbidity. Several recent epidemiological studies highlight the rate of diarrheal diseases in different parts of the world and draw attention to the impact on childhood growth and survival. Despite the well-documented global burden of diarrheal diseases, currently there are no combination diarrheal vaccines, only licensed vaccines for rotavirus and cholera, and Salmonella typhi-based vaccines for typhoid fever. The recognition of the impact of diarrheal episodes on infant growth, as seen in resource-poor countries, has spurred action from governmental and non-governmental agencies to accelerate research toward affordable and effective vaccines against diarrheal diseases. Both travelers and children in endemic countries will benefit from a combination diarrheal vaccine, but it can be argued that the greater proportion of any positive impact will be on the public health status of the latter. The history of combination pediatric vaccines indicate that monovalent or single disease vaccines are typically licensed first prior to formulation in a combination vaccine, and that the combinations themselves undergo periodic revision in response to need for improvement in safety or potential for wider coverage of important pediatric pathogens. Nevertheless combination pediatric vaccines have proven to be an effective tool in limiting or eradicating communicable childhood diseases worldwide. The landscape of diarrheal vaccine candidates indicates that there now several in active development that offer options for potential testing of combinations to combat those bacterial and viral pathogens responsible for the heaviest disease burden—rotavirus, ETEC, Shigella, Campylobacter, V. cholera and Salmonella.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malabi M Venkatesan
- a Bacterial Diseases Branch; Walter Reed Army Institute of Research ; Silver Spring , MD , USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
86
|
Higa LH, Arnal L, Vermeulen M, Perez AP, Schilrreff P, Mundiña-Weilenmann C, Yantorno O, Vela ME, Morilla MJ, Romero EL. Ultradeformable Archaeosomes for Needle Free Nanovaccination with Leishmania braziliensis Antigens. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150185. [PMID: 26934726 PMCID: PMC4774928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Total antigens from Leishmania braziliensis promastigotes, solubilized with sodium cholate (dsLp), were formulated within ultradeformable nanovesicles (dsLp-ultradeformable archaeosomes, (dsLp-UDA), and dsLp-ultradeformable liposomes (dsLp-UDL)) and topically administered to Balb/c mice. Ultradeformable nanovesicles can penetrate the intact stratum corneum up to the viable epidermis, with no aid of classical permeation enhancers that can damage the barrier function of the skin. Briefly, 100 nm unilamellar dsLp-UDA (soybean phosphatidylcholine: Halorubrum tebenquichense total polar lipids (TPL): sodium cholate, 3:3:1 w:w) of -31.45 mV Z potential, containing 4.84 ± 0.53% w/w protein/lipid dsLp, 235 KPa Young modulus were prepared. In vitro, dsLp-UDA was extensively taken up by J774A1 and bone marrow derive cells, and the only that induced an immediate secretion of IL-6, IL-12p40 and TNF-α, followed by IL-1β, by J774A1 cells. Such extensive uptake is a key feature of UDA ascribed to the highly negatively charged archaeolipids of the TPL, which are recognized by a receptor specialized in uptake and not involved in downstream signaling. Despite dsLp alone was also immunostimulatory on J774A1 cells, applied twice a week on consecutive days along 7 weeks on Balb/c mice, it raised no measurable response unless associated to UDL or UDA. The highest systemic response, IgGa2 mediated, 1 log lower than im dsLp Al2O3, was elicited by dsLp-UDA. Such findings suggest that in vivo, UDL and UDA acted as penetration enhancers for dsLp, but only dsLp-UDA, owed to its pronounced uptake by APC, succeeded as topical adjuvants. The actual TPL composition, fully made of sn2,3 ether linked saturated archaeolipids, gives the UDA bilayer resistance against chemical, physical and enzymatic attacks that destroy ordinary phospholipids bilayers. Together, these properties make UDA a promising platform for topical drug targeted delivery and vaccination, that may be of help for countries with a deficient healthcare system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leticia H. Higa
- Nanomedicine Research Program, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal, Argentina B1876BXD
| | - Laura Arnal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CONICET, Sucursal 4 Casilla de Correo 16, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mónica Vermeulen
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), CONICET-UBA, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Junin 956, 4° piso, 1113, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Paula Perez
- Nanomedicine Research Program, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal, Argentina B1876BXD
| | - Priscila Schilrreff
- Nanomedicine Research Program, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal, Argentina B1876BXD
| | | | - Osvaldo Yantorno
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI), UNLP. 50 No. 227, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - María Elena Vela
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CONICET, Sucursal 4 Casilla de Correo 16, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - María José Morilla
- Nanomedicine Research Program, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal, Argentina B1876BXD
| | - Eder Lilia Romero
- Nanomedicine Research Program, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal, Argentina B1876BXD
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Cibulski SP, Mourglia-Ettlin G, Teixeira TF, Quirici L, Roehe PM, Ferreira F, Silveira F. Novel ISCOMs from Quillaja brasiliensis saponins induce mucosal and systemic antibody production, T-cell responses and improved antigen uptake. Vaccine 2016; 34:1162-71. [PMID: 26826546 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the last decades, significant efforts have been dedicated to the search for novel vaccine adjuvants. In this regard, saponins and its formulations as "immunostimulating complexes" (ISCOMs) have shown to be capable of stimulating potent humoral and cellular immune responses, enhanced cytokine production and activation of cytotoxic T cells. The immunological activity of ISCOMs formulated with a saponin fraction extracted from Quillaja brasiliensis (QB-90 fraction) as an alternative to classical ISCOMs based on Quil A(®) (IQA) is presented here. The ISCOMs prepared with QB-90, named IQB-90, typically consist of 40-50 nm, spherical, cage-like particles, built up by QB-90, cholesterol, phospholipids and antigen (ovalbumin, OVA). These nanoparticles were efficiently uptaken in vitro by murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Subcutaneously inoculated IQB-90 induced strong serum antibody responses encompassing specific IgG1 and IgG2a, robust DTH reactions, significant T cell proliferation and increases in Th1 (IFN-γ and IL-2) cytokine responses. Intranasally delivered IQB-90 elicited serum IgG and IgG1, and mucosal IgA responses at distal systemic sites (nasal passages, large intestine and vaginal lumen). These results indicate that IQB-90 is a promising alternative to classic ISCOMs as vaccine adjuvants, capable of enhancing humoral and cellular immunity to levels comparable to those induced by ISCOMs manufactured with Quillaja saponaria saponins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Paulo Cibulski
- FEPAGRO Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Laboratório de Virologia, Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Microbiologia Imunologia e Parasitologia, Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Mourglia-Ettlin
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Ciencias/Química, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Av. Alfredo Navarro 3051, Montevideo CP. 11600, Uruguay
| | - Thais Fumaco Teixeira
- FEPAGRO Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Laboratório de Virologia, Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Lenora Quirici
- Laboratorio de Carbohidratos y Glicoconjugados, Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Av. Alfredo Navarro 3051, Montevideo CP. 11600, Uruguay
| | - Paulo Michel Roehe
- Departamento de Microbiologia Imunologia e Parasitologia, Laboratório de Virologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando Ferreira
- Laboratorio de Carbohidratos y Glicoconjugados, Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Av. Alfredo Navarro 3051, Montevideo CP. 11600, Uruguay
| | - Fernando Silveira
- Laboratorio de Carbohidratos y Glicoconjugados, Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Av. Alfredo Navarro 3051, Montevideo CP. 11600, Uruguay.
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Lee JJ, Shim A, Lee SY, Kwon BE, Kim SR, Ko HJ, Cho HJ. Ready-to-use colloidal adjuvant systems for intranasal immunization. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 467:121-128. [PMID: 26775242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Adjuvant systems based on oil-in-water (o/w) microemulsions (MEs) for vaccination via intranasal administration were prepared and evaluated. A ready-to-use blank ME system composed of mineral oil (oil), Labrasol (surfactant), Tween 80 (cosurfactant), and water was prepared and blended with antigen (Ag) solution prior to use. The o/w ME system developed exhibited nano-size droplets within the tested range of Ag concentrations and dilution factors. The maintenance of primary, secondary, and tertiary structural stability of ovalbumin (OVA) in ME, compared with OVA in solution, was demonstrated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), circular dichroism (CD), and fluorescence intensity measurements, respectively. The uptake efficiency in RAW 264.7 cells, evaluated by flow cytometry, of OVA in the ME group was significantly higher than that of the OVA solution group (p<0.05). In an intranasal immunization study with OVA ME in mice, elevated adjuvant effects in terms of mucosal immunization and Th1-dominant cell-mediated immune responses were identified. Given the convenience of use (simply mixing with Ag solution prior to use) and the adjuvant effects after intranasal immunization, the new o/w ME may be a practical and efficient adjuvant system for intranasal vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Jun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Aeri Shim
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yi Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Eun Kwon
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ryeol Kim
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Ko
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Jong Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Morris MC, Surendran N. Neonatal Vaccination: Challenges and Intervention Strategies. Neonatology 2016; 109:161-9. [PMID: 26757146 PMCID: PMC4749499 DOI: 10.1159/000442460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While vaccines have been tremendously successful in reducing the incidence of serious infectious diseases, newborns remain particularly vulnerable in the first few months of their life to life-threatening infections. A number of challenges exist to neonatal vaccination. However, recent advances in the understanding of neonatal immunology offer insights to overcome many of those challenges. OBJECTIVE This review will present an overview of the features of neonatal immunity which make vaccination difficult, survey the mechanisms of action of available vaccine adjuvants with respect to the unique features of neonatal immunity, and propose a possible mechanism contributing to the inability of neonates to generate protective immune responses to vaccines. METHODS We surveyed recent published findings on the challenges to neonatal vaccination and possible intervention strategies including the use of novel vaccine adjuvants to develop efficacious neonatal vaccines. RESULTS Challenges in the vaccination of neonates include interference from maternal antibody and excessive skewing towards Th2 immunity, which can be counteracted by the use of proper adjuvants. CONCLUSION Synergistic stimulation of multiple Toll-like receptors by incorporating well-defined agonist-adjuvant combinations to vaccines is a promising strategy to ensure a protective vaccine response in neonates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Morris
- Research Institute, Rochester Regional Health Systems, Rochester, N.Y., USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
90
|
Hayashi M, Aoshi T, Kogai Y, Nomi D, Haseda Y, Kuroda E, Kobiyama K, Ishii KJ. Optimization of physiological properties of hydroxyapatite as a vaccine adjuvant. Vaccine 2016; 34:306-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
91
|
Michalik M, Djahanshiri B, Leo JC, Linke D. Reverse Vaccinology: The Pathway from Genomes and Epitope Predictions to Tailored Recombinant Vaccines. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1403:87-106. [PMID: 27076126 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3387-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this chapter, we review the computational approaches that have led to a new generation of vaccines in recent years. There are many alternative routes to develop vaccines based on the technology of reverse vaccinology. We focus here on bacterial infectious diseases, describing the general workflow from bioinformatic predictions of antigens and epitopes down to examples where such predictions have been used successfully for vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Michalik
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0371, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Protein Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bardya Djahanshiri
- Department of Protein Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Department for Applied Bioinformatics, Goethe-University, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jack C Leo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0371, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dirk Linke
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0371, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Protein Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Coria LM, Ibañez AE, Pasquevich KA, Cobiello PLG, Frank FM, Giambartolomei GH, Cassataro J. Brucella abortus Omp19 recombinant protein subcutaneously co-delivered with an antigen enhances antigen-specific T helper 1 memory responses and induces protection against parasite challenge. Vaccine 2015; 34:430-437. [PMID: 26707377 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of effective adjuvants for many vaccines especially those with limited commercial appeal, such as vaccines to poverty-related diseases, is required. In this work, we demonstrated that subcutaneous co-administration of mice with the outer membrane protein U-Omp19 from Brucella spp. plus OVA as antigen (Ag) increases Ag-specific T cell proliferation and T helper (Th) 1 immune responses in vitro and in vivo. U-Omp19 treated dendritic cells promote IFN-γ production by specific CD4(+) T cells and increases T cell proliferation. U-Omp19 co-administration induces the production of Ag specific effector memory T cell populations (CD4(+) CD44(high) CD62L(low) T cells). Finally, subcutaneous co-administration of U-Omp19 with Trypanosoma cruzi Ags confers protection against virulent parasite challenge, reducing parasitemia and weight loss while increasing mice survival. These results indicate that the bacterial protein U-Omp19 when delivered subcutaneously could be a suitable component of vaccine formulations against infectious diseases requiring Th1 immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena M Coria
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés E Ibañez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina A Pasquevich
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula L González Cobiello
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernanda M Frank
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo H Giambartolomei
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Laboratorio de Inmunogenética, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", CONICET-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juliana Cassataro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Gamazo C, Bussmann H, Giemsa S, Camacho A, Unsihuay D, Martín-Arbella N, Irache J. Interactions of poly (anhydride) nanoparticles with macrophages in light of their vaccine adjuvant properties. Int J Pharm 2015; 496:922-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
94
|
|
95
|
On vaccine's adjuvants and autoimmunity: Current evidence and future perspectives. Autoimmun Rev 2015; 14:880-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
96
|
Zhang L, Wang W, Wang S. Effect of vaccine administration modality on immunogenicity and efficacy. Expert Rev Vaccines 2015; 14:1509-23. [PMID: 26313239 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2015.1081067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The many factors impacting the efficacy of a vaccine can be broadly divided into three categories: features of the vaccine itself, including immunogen design, vaccine type, formulation, adjuvant and dosing; individual variations among vaccine recipients and vaccine administration-related parameters. While much literature exists related to vaccines, and recently systems biology has started to dissect the impact of individual subject variation on vaccine efficacy, few studies have focused on the role of vaccine administration-related parameters on vaccine efficacy. Parenteral and mucosal vaccinations are traditional approaches for licensed vaccines; novel vaccine delivery approaches, including needless injection and adjuvant formulations, are being developed to further improve vaccine safety and efficacy. This review provides a brief summary of vaccine administration-related factors, including vaccination approach, delivery route and method of administration, to gain a better understanding of their potential impact on the safety and immunogenicity of candidate vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- a 1 Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,b 2 China-US Vaccine Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wei Wang
- c 3 Wang Biologics, LLC, Chesterfield, MO 63017, USA ; Current affiliation: Bayer HealthCare, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
| | - Shixia Wang
- d 4 Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Chitosan-based mucosal adjuvants: Sunrise on the ocean. Vaccine 2015; 33:5997-6010. [PMID: 26271831 PMCID: PMC7185844 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.07.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism and safety profile of chitosan and its derivatives on mucosal application. Mechanisms of chitosan as potent mucosal adjuvant. Different types and forms of chitosan in pre-clinical applications. Clinical perspectives.
Mucosal vaccination, which is shown to elicit systemic and mucosal immune responses, serves as a non-invasive and convenient alternative to parenteral administration, with stronger capability in combatting diseases at the site of entry. The exploration of potent mucosal adjuvants is emerging as a significant area, based on the continued necessity to amplify the immune responses to a wide array of antigens that are poorly immunogenic at the mucosal sites. As one of the inspirations from the ocean, chitosan-based mucosal adjuvants have been developed with unique advantages, such as, ability of mucosal adhesion, distinct trait of opening the junctions to allow the paracellular transport of antigen, good tolerability and biocompatibility, which guaranteed the great potential in capitalizing on their application in human clinical trials. In this review, the state of art of chitosan and its derivatives as mucosal adjuvants, including thermo-sensitive chitosan system as mucosal adjuvant that were newly developed by author's group, was described, as well as the clinical application perspective. After a brief introduction of mucosal adjuvants, chitosan and its derivatives as robust immune potentiator were discussed in detail and depth, in regard to the metabolism, safety profile, mode of actions and preclinical and clinical applications, which may shed light on the massive clinical application of chitosan as mucosal adjuvant.
Collapse
|
98
|
Agnolon V, Bruno C, Leuzzi R, Galletti B, D’Oro U, Pizza M, Seubert A, O’Hagan DT, Baudner BC. The potential of adjuvants to improve immune responses against TdaP vaccines: A preclinical evaluation of MF59 and monophosphoryl lipid A. Int J Pharm 2015; 492:169-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
99
|
Noh HJ, Chowdhury MYE, Cho S, Kim JH, Park HS, Kim CJ, Poo H, Sung MH, Lee JS, Lim YT. Programming of Influenza Vaccine Broadness and Persistence by Mucoadhesive Polymer-Based Adjuvant Systems. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015. [PMID: 26216889 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The development of an anti-influenza vaccine with the potential for cross-protection against seasonal drift variants as well as occasionally emerging reassortant viruses is essential. In this study, we successfully generated a novel anti-influenza vaccine system combining conserved matrix protein 2 (sM2) and stalk domain of hemagglutinin (HA2) fusion protein (sM2HA2) and poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA)-based vaccine adjuvant systems that can act as a mucoadhesive delivery vehicle of sM2HA2 as well as a robust strategy for the incorporation of hydrophobic immunostimulatory 3-O-desacyl-4'-monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and QS21. Intranasal coadministration of sM2HA2 and the combination adjuvant γ-PGA/MPL/QS21 (CA-PMQ) was able to induce a high degree of protective mucosal, systemic, and cell-mediated immune responses. The sM2HA2/CA-PMQ immunization was able to prevent disease symptoms, confering complete protection against lethal infection with divergent influenza subtypes (H5N1, H1N1, H5N2, H7N3, and H9N2) that lasted for at least 6 mo. Therefore, our data suggest that mucosal administration of sM2HA2 in combination with CA-PMQ could be a potent strategy for a broad cross-protective influenza vaccine, and CA-PMQ as a mucosal adjuvant could be used for effective mucosal vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jong Noh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Mohammed Y E Chowdhury
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Program), Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong 4202, Bangladesh
| | - Seonghun Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Program), Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Program), Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
| | - Hye Sun Park
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungbuk 363-883, South Korea
| | - Chul-Joong Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Program), Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
| | - Haryoung Poo
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, South Korea; and
| | - Moon-Hee Sung
- Department of Advanced Fermentation Fusion Science and Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 136-702, South Korea
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Program), Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea;
| | - Yong Taik Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Suwon 440-746, South Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
O’Hagan DT, Fox CB. New generation adjuvants – From empiricism to rational design. Vaccine 2015; 33 Suppl 2:B14-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.01.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|