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Wesley BT, Ross ADB, Muraro D, Miao Z, Saxton S, Tomaz RA, Morell CM, Ridley K, Zacharis ED, Petrus-Reurer S, Kraiczy J, Mahbubani KT, Brown S, Garcia-Bernardo J, Alsinet C, Gaffney D, Horsfall D, Tysoe OC, Botting RA, Stephenson E, Popescu DM, MacParland S, Bader G, McGilvray ID, Ortmann D, Sampaziotis F, Saeb-Parsy K, Haniffa M, Stevens KR, Zilbauer M, Teichmann SA, Vallier L. Single-cell atlas of human liver development reveals pathways directing hepatic cell fates. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:1487-1498. [PMID: 36109670 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-00989-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The liver has been studied extensively due to the broad number of diseases affecting its vital functions. However, therapeutic advances have been hampered by the lack of knowledge concerning human hepatic development. Here, we addressed this limitation by describing the developmental trajectories of different cell types that make up the human liver at single-cell resolution. These transcriptomic analyses revealed that sequential cell-to-cell interactions direct functional maturation of hepatocytes, with non-parenchymal cells playing essential roles during organogenesis. We utilized this information to derive bipotential hepatoblast organoids and then exploited this model system to validate the importance of signalling pathways in hepatocyte and cholangiocyte specification. Further insights into hepatic maturation also enabled the identification of stage-specific transcription factors to improve the functionality of hepatocyte-like cells generated from human pluripotent stem cells. Thus, our study establishes a platform to investigate the basic mechanisms directing human liver development and to produce cell types for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon T Wesley
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander D B Ross
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniele Muraro
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Zhichao Miao
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah Saxton
- Departments of Bioengineering and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rute A Tomaz
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carola M Morell
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katherine Ridley
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ekaterini D Zacharis
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sandra Petrus-Reurer
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Judith Kraiczy
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Stephanie Brown
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Dave Horsfall
- Digital Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Olivia C Tysoe
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rachel A Botting
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Emily Stephenson
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | | | - Gary Bader
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ian D McGilvray
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Ortmann
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fotios Sampaziotis
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Dermatology and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Kelly R Stevens
- Departments of Bioengineering and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthias Zilbauer
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Theory of Condensed Matter Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Lai X, Li C, Xiang C, Pan Z, Zhang K, Wang L, Xie B, Cao J, Shi J, Deng J, Lu S, Deng H, Zhuang H, Li T, Shi Y, Xiang K. Generation of functionally competent hepatic stellate cells from human stem cells to model liver fibrosis in vitro. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:2531-2547. [PMID: 36270282 PMCID: PMC9669405 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The detailed understanding of fibrogenesis has been hampered by a lack of important functional quiescence characteristics and an in vitro model to recapitulate hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. In our study, we establish robust endoderm- and mesoderm-sourced quiescent-like induced HSCs (iHSCs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells. Notably, iHSCs present features of mature HSCs, including accumulation of vitamin A in the lipid droplets and maintained quiescent features. In addition, iHSCs display a fibrogenic response and secrete collagen I in response to hepatoxicity caused by thioacetamide, acetaminophen, and hepatitis B and C virus infection. Antiviral therapy attenuated virally induced iHSC activation. Interestingly, endoderm- and mesoderm-derived iHSCs showed similar iHSC phenotypes. Therefore, we provide a novel and robust method to efficiently generate functional iHSCs from hESC and iPSC differentiation, which could be used as a model for hepatocyte toxicity prediction, anti-liver-fibrosis drug screening, and viral hepatitis-induced liver fibrosis. Generation of endoderm- and mesoderm-derived quiescent hepatic stellate cells (qHSCs) Induced qHSC-like cells can be activated into myofibroblasts in vitro Induced qHSC-like cells can respond to hepatoxicity from thioacetamide treatment Hepatitis B and C virus infection can convert qHSC-like cells into activated HSCs
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53
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Dalsbecker P, Beck Adiels C, Goksör M. Liver-on-a-chip devices: the pros and cons of complexity. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 323:G188-G204. [PMID: 35819853 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00346.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Physiologically relevant and broadly applicable liver cell culture platforms are of great importance in both drug development and disease modeling. Organ-on-a-chip systems offer a promising alternative to conventional, static two-dimensional (2-D) cultures, providing much-needed cues such as perfusion, shear stress, and three-dimensional (3-D) cell-cell communication. However, such devices cover a broad range of complexity both in manufacture and in implementation. In this review, we summarize the key features of the human liver that should be reflected in a physiologically relevant liver-on-a-chip model. We also discuss different material properties of importance in producing liver-on-a-chip devices and summarize recent and current progress in the field, highlighting different types of devices at different levels of complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mattias Goksör
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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54
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Liu M, Xiang Y, Yang Y, Long X, Xiao Z, Nan Y, Jiang Y, Qiu Y, Huang Q, Ai K. State-of-the-art advancements in Liver-on-a-chip (LOC): Integrated biosensors for LOC. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 218:114758. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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55
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Niu H, Zhang L, Wang B, Zhang GC, Liu J, Wu ZF, Du SS, Zeng ZC. CircTUBD1 Regulates Radiation-induced Liver Fibrosis Response via a circTUBD1/micro-203a-3p/Smad3 Positive Feedback Loop. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2022; 10:680-691. [PMID: 36062271 PMCID: PMC9396324 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2021.00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Radiation-induced liver fibrosis (RILF), delayed damage to the liver (post-irradiation) remains a major challenge for the radiotherapy of liver malignancies. This study investigated the potential function and mechanism of circTUBD1 in the development of RILF. METHODS By using a dual luciferase assay, RNA pull-down assays, RNA sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation (known as ChIP) assays, and a series of gain- or loss-of-function experiments, it was found that circTUBD1 regulated the activation and fibrosis response of LX-2 cells induced by irradiation via a circTUBD1/micro-203a-3p/Smad3 positive feedback loop in a 3D system. RESULTS Knockdown of circTUBD1 not only reduced the expression of α-SMA, as a marker of LX-2 cell activation, but also significantly decreased the levels of hepatic fibrosis molecules, collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1), collagen type III alpha 1 (COL3A1), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in a three-dimensional (3D) culture system and RILF model in vivo. Notably, knockdown of circTUBD1 alleviated early liver fibrosis induced by irradiation in mice models. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to reveal the mechanism and role of circTUBD1 in RILF via a circTUBD1/micro-203a-3p/Smad3 feedback loop, which provides a novel therapeutic strategy for relieving the progression of RILF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Niu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Biao Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Cong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Suo Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Chong Zeng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence to: Zhao-Chong Zeng, Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4330-3688. Tel: +86-21-64041990, Fax: +86-21-6404-8472, E-mail:
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56
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Ariyachet C, Chuaypen N, Kaewsapsak P, Chantaravisoot N, Jindatip D, Potikanond S, Tangkijvanich P. MicroRNA-223 Suppresses Human Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation Partly via Regulating the Actin Cytoskeleton and Alleviates Fibrosis in Organoid Models of Liver Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169380. [PMID: 36012644 PMCID: PMC9409493 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate target mRNA expression, and altered expression of miRNAs is associated with liver pathological conditions. Recent studies in animal models have shown neutrophil/myeloid-specific microRNA-223 (miR-223) as a key regulator in the development of various liver diseases including fibrosis, where hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the key player in pathogenesis. However, the precise roles of miR-223 in human HSCs and its therapeutic potential to control fibrosis remain largely unexplored. Using primary human HSCs, we demonstrated that miR-223 suppressed the fibrogenic program and cellular proliferation while promoting features of quiescent HSCs including lipid re-accumulation and retinol storage. Furthermore, induction of miR-223 in HSCs decreased cellular motility and contraction. Mechanistically, miR-223 negatively regulated expression of smooth muscle α-actin (α-SMA) and thus reduced cytoskeletal activity, which is known to promote amplification of fibrogenic signals. Restoration of α-SMA in miR-223-overexpressing HSCs alleviated the antifibrotic effects of miR-223. Finally, to explore the therapeutic potential of miR-233 in liver fibrosis, we generated co-cultured organoids of HSCs with Huh7 hepatoma cells and challenged them with acetaminophen (APAP) or palmitic acid (PA) to induce hepatotoxicity. We showed that ectopic expression of miR-223 in HSCs attenuated fibrogenesis in the two human organoid models of liver injury, suggesting its potential application in antifibrotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaiyaboot Ariyachet
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: or (C.A.); (P.T.)
| | - Nattaya Chuaypen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pornchai Kaewsapsak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Naphat Chantaravisoot
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Depicha Jindatip
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Saranyapin Potikanond
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Pisit Tangkijvanich
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: or (C.A.); (P.T.)
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57
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Luo N, Zhong W, Li J, Zhai Z, Lu J, Dong R. Targeted activation of HNF4α/HGF1/FOXA2 reverses hepatic fibrosis via exosome-mediated delivery of CRISPR/dCas9-SAM system. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:1411-1427. [PMID: 36326013 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2022-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Hepatic fibrosis is one of the most common conditions worldwide, and yet no effective antifibrotic therapy is available. This study aimed to reverse hepatic fibrosis via exosome-mediated delivery of the CRISPR/dCas9-SAM system. Materials & methods: The authors constructed a modified-exosome delivery system targeting hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and constructed the CRISPR/dCas9-SAM system inducing HSCs convert into hepatocyte-like cells in vitro and in vivo. Results: RBP4-modified exosomes could efficiently load and deliver the CRISPR/dCas9 system to HSCs. The in vitro CRISPR/dCas9 system induced the conversion from HSCs to hepatocyte-like cells via targeted activation of HNF4α/HGF1/FOXA2 genes. Importantly, in vivo targeted delivery of this system significantly attenuated CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis. Conclusion: Targeted activation of HNF4α/HGF1/FOXA2 reverses hepatic fibrosis via exosome-mediated delivery of the CRISPR/dCas9-SAM system, which provides a feasible antifibrotic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianan Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Department of General Surgery, 943 Hospital of PLA, Wuwei, 733000, China
| | - Wenjun Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jiangbin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Zhongjie Zhai
- Department of Military Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jianguo Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Rui Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
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58
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Liu Q, Zeng A, Liu Z, Wu C, Song L. Liver organoids: From fabrication to application in liver diseases. Front Physiol 2022; 13:956244. [PMID: 35923228 PMCID: PMC9340459 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.956244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As the largest internal organ, the liver is the key hub for many physiological processes. Previous research on the liver has been mainly conducted on animal models and cell lines, in which not only there are deficiencies in species variability and retention of heritable material, but it is also difficult for primary hepatocytes to maintain their metabolic functions after in vitro expansion. Because of the increased burden of liver disease worldwide, there is a growing demand for 3D in vitro liver models—Liver Organoids. Based on the type of initiation cells, the liver organoid can be classified as PSC-derived or ASC-derived. Liver organoids originated from ASC or primary sclerosing cholangitis, which are co-cultured in matrix gel with components such as stromal cells or immune cells, and eventually form three-dimensional structures in the presence of cytokines. Liver organoids have already made progress in drug screening, individual medicine and disease modeling with hereditary liver diseases, alcoholic or non-alcoholic liver diseases and primary liver cancer. In this review, we summarize the generation process of liver organoids and the current clinical applications, including disease modeling, drug screening and individual medical treatment, which provide new perspectives for liver physiology and disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianglin Liu
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Anqi Zeng
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology and Clinical Application, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Zibo Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunjie Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Chunjie Wu, ; Linjiang Song,
| | - Linjiang Song
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Chunjie Wu, ; Linjiang Song,
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59
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Messelmani T, Morisseau L, Sakai Y, Legallais C, Le Goff A, Leclerc E, Jellali R. Liver organ-on-chip models for toxicity studies and risk assessment. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:2423-2450. [PMID: 35694831 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00307d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The liver is a key organ that plays a pivotal role in metabolism and ensures a variety of functions in the body, including homeostasis, synthesis of essential components, nutrient storage, and detoxification. As the centre of metabolism for exogenous molecules, the liver is continuously exposed to a wide range of compounds, such as drugs, pesticides, and environmental pollutants. Most of these compounds can cause hepatotoxicity and lead to severe and irreversible liver damage. To study the effects of chemicals and drugs on the liver, most commonly, animal models or in vitro 2D cell cultures are used. However, data obtained from animal models lose their relevance when extrapolated to the human metabolic situation and pose ethical concerns, while 2D static cultures are poorly predictive of human in vivo metabolism and toxicity. As a result, there is a widespread need to develop relevant in vitro liver models for toxicology studies. In recent years, progress in tissue engineering, biomaterials, microfabrication, and cell biology has created opportunities for more relevant in vitro models for toxicology studies. Of these models, the liver organ-on-chip (OoC) has shown promising results by reproducing the in vivo behaviour of the cell/organ or a group of organs, the controlled physiological micro-environment, and in vivo cellular metabolic responses. In this review, we discuss the development of liver organ-on-chip technology and its use in toxicity studies. First, we introduce the physiology of the liver and summarize the traditional experimental models for toxicity studies. We then present liver OoC technology, including the general concept, materials used, cell sources, and different approaches. We review the prominent liver OoC and multi-OoC integrating the liver for drug and chemical toxicity studies. Finally, we conclude with the future challenges and directions for developing or improving liver OoC models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Messelmani
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche Royallieu CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France.
| | - Lisa Morisseau
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche Royallieu CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France.
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- CNRS IRL 2820, Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Cécile Legallais
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche Royallieu CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France.
| | - Anne Le Goff
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche Royallieu CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France.
| | - Eric Leclerc
- CNRS IRL 2820, Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan.
| | - Rachid Jellali
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche Royallieu CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France.
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Utility of iPSC-Derived Cells for Disease Modeling, Drug Development, and Cell Therapy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111853. [PMID: 35681550 PMCID: PMC9180434 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has advanced our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of human disease, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine. As such, the use of iPSCs in drug development and validation has shown a sharp increase in the past 15 years. Furthermore, many labs have been successful in reproducing many disease phenotypes, often difficult or impossible to capture, in commonly used cell lines or animal models. However, there still remain limitations such as the variability between iPSC lines as well as their maturity. Here, we aim to discuss the strategies in generating iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and neurons for use in disease modeling, drug development and their use in cell therapy.
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61
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Ding M, Huang Z, Wang X, Liu X, Xu L, Chen P, Liu J, Liu Y, Guan H, Chu Y, Liu H. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans-mediated targeted delivery of TGF-β1-binding peptide to liver for improved anti-liver fibrotic activity in vitro and in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:1516-1525. [PMID: 35452701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Elevated expressions of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis, thus attenuating the excessive TGF-β1's activity by TGF-β1-binding peptide is an ideal strategy for the treatment of liver fibrosis. However, the application of small peptide as a pharmaceutical agent is obstacle due to difficult preparation and non-selective delivery. The I-plus sequences of circumsporozoite protein (CSP-I) possesses high affinity for heparan sulfate proteoglycans, which are primarily located on liver tissues. TGF-β1-binding peptide P15 holds specific ability of binding to TGF-β1. In this study, we describe an approach to efficiently preparing liver-targeting peptide P15-CSP-I, which is conjugation of the sequences of P15 to the N-terminus of CSP-I, from the cleavage of biological macromolecule SUMO-tagged P15-CSP-I. In vitro and ex vivo binding assay showed that P15-CSP-I specifically targeted to the hepatocytes and liver tissues. Moreover, P15-CSP-I inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and decreased fibrosis-related proteins expression in TGF-β1-activated HSCs in vitro. Furthermore, P15-CSP-I ameliorated liver morphology and decreased the fibrosis responses in vivo. Taken together, P15-CSP-I may be a potential candidate for targeting therapy on liver fibrosis due to its high efficient preparation, specific liver-targeting potential and improved anti-liver fibrotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglu Ding
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory for Anti-fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, PR China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory for Anti-fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, PR China; Department of Pediatrics Nursing, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory for Anti-fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, PR China; Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, PR China.
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory for Anti-fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, PR China
| | - Liming Xu
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory for Anti-fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, PR China
| | - Peijian Chen
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory for Anti-fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, PR China
| | - Jieting Liu
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory for Anti-fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, PR China
| | - Yong Liu
- Medical Research Center, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, PR China
| | - Huilin Guan
- Medical Research Center, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, PR China
| | - Yanhui Chu
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory for Anti-fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, PR China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory for Anti-fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, PR China; Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, PR China.
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62
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Ferdek PE, Krzysztofik D, Stopa KB, Kusiak AA, Paw M, Wnuk D, Jakubowska MA. When healing turns into killing ‐ the pathophysiology of pancreatic and hepatic fibrosis. J Physiol 2022; 600:2579-2612. [DOI: 10.1113/jp281135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pawel E. Ferdek
- Department of Cell Biology Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Daria Krzysztofik
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Kinga B. Stopa
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Agnieszka A. Kusiak
- Department of Cell Biology Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Milena Paw
- Department of Cell Biology Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Dawid Wnuk
- Department of Cell Biology Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
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63
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Huang CY, Nicholson MW, Wang JY, Ting CY, Tsai MH, Cheng YC, Liu CL, Chan DZH, Lee YC, Hsu CC, Hsu YH, Yang CF, Chang CMC, Ruan SC, Lin PJ, Lin JH, Chen LL, Hsieh ML, Cheng YY, Hsu WT, Lin YL, Chen CH, Hsu YH, Wu YT, Hacker TA, Wu JC, Kamp TJ, Hsieh PCH. Population-based high-throughput toxicity screen of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and neurons. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110643. [PMID: 35385754 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we establish a population-based human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) drug screening platform for toxicity assessment. After recruiting 1,000 healthy donors and screening for high-frequency human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes, we identify 13 HLA-homozygous "super donors" to represent the population. These "super donors" are also expected to represent at least 477,611,135 of the global population. By differentiating these representative hiPSCs into cardiomyocytes and neurons we show their utility in a high-throughput toxicity screen. To validate hit compounds, we demonstrate dose-dependent toxicity of the hit compounds and assess functional modulation. We also show reproducible in vivo drug toxicity results using mouse models with select hit compounds. This study shows the feasibility of using a population-based hiPSC drug screening platform to assess cytotoxicity, which can be used as an innovative tool to study inter-population differences in drug toxicity and adverse drug reactions in drug discovery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Ying Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | | | - Jyun Yuan Wang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chien Yu Ting
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ming Heng Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yu Che Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chun Lin Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Darien Z H Chan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yi Chan Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ching Chuan Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yu Hung Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chiou Fong Yang
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Cindy M C Chang
- Cardiovascular Physiology Core Facility, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Shu Chian Ruan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Po Ju Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Jen Hao Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Li Lun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Marvin L Hsieh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Physiology Core Facility, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Yuan Yuan Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Wan Tseng Hsu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yi Ling Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chien Hsiun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yu Hsiang Hsu
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ying Ta Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Timothy A Hacker
- Cardiovascular Physiology Core Facility, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Timothy J Kamp
- Department of Medicine and Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Patrick C H Hsieh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Department of Medicine and Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics and Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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64
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Zahmatkesh E, Othman A, Braun B, Aspera R, Ruoß M, Piryaei A, Vosough M, Nüssler A. In vitro modeling of liver fibrosis in 3D microtissues using scalable micropatterning system. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:1799-1813. [PMID: 35366062 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03265-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the late consequence of chronic liver inflammation which could eventually lead to cirrhosis, and liver failure. Among various etiological factors, activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs) are the major players in liver fibrosis. To date, various in vitro liver fibrosis models have been introduced to address biological and medical questions. Availability of traditional in vitro models could not fully recapitulate complicated pathology of liver fibrosis. The purpose of this study was to develop a simple and robust model to investigate the role of aHSCs on the progression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in hepatocytes during liver fibrogenesis. Therefore, we applied a micropatterning approach to generate 3D co-culture microtissues consisted of HepaRG and human umbilical cord endothelial cells (HUVEC) which co-cultured with inactivated LX-2 cells or activated LX-2 cells, respectively, as normal or fibrotic liver models in vitro. The result indicated that the activated LX-2 cells could induce EMT in HepaRG cells through activation of TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway. Besides, in the fibrotic microtissue, physiologic function of HepaRG cells attenuated compared to the control group, e.g., metabolic activity and albumin secretion. Moreover, our results showed that after treatment with Galunisertib, the fibrogenic properties decreased, in the term of gene and protein expression. In conclusion, it is proposed that aHSCs could lead to EMT in hepatocytes during liver fibrogenesis. Furthermore, the scalable micropatterning approach could provide enough required liver microtissues to prosper our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the progression of liver fibrosis as well as high throughput (HT) drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensieh Zahmatkesh
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, University of Tübingen, BG Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, 1665659911, Iran
| | - Amnah Othman
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, University of Tübingen, BG Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bianca Braun
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, University of Tübingen, BG Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Romina Aspera
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, University of Tübingen, BG Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marc Ruoß
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, University of Tübingen, BG Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Abbas Piryaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, 1665659911, Iran
| | - Andreas Nüssler
- Department of Traumatology, Siegfried Weller Institute, University of Tübingen, BG Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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65
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Yang S, Cai C, Wang H, Ma X, Shao A, Sheng J, Yu C. Drug delivery strategy in hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:26. [PMID: 35248060 PMCID: PMC8898478 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00796-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, with high rates of recurrence and death. Surgical resection and ablation therapy have limited efficacy for patients with advanced HCC and poor liver function, so pharmacotherapy is the first-line option for those patients. Traditional antitumor drugs have the disadvantages of poor biological distribution and pharmacokinetics, poor target selectivity, high resistance, and high toxicity to nontargeted tissues. Recently, the development of nanotechnology has significantly improved drug delivery to tumor sites by changing the physical and biological characteristics of drugs and nanocarriers to improve their pharmacokinetics and biological distribution and to selectively accumulate cytotoxic agents at tumor sites. Here, we systematically review the tumor microenvironment of HCC and the recent application of nanotechnology in HCC.
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66
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Susanah S, Widowati W, Sari NM, Revika R, Kusuma H, Rizal R, Faried A. Potential Use of Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell for Liver Fibrosis Thalassemia Treatment Management. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Thalassemia is the most common inherited single gene blood disease worldwide and present a significant health problem in the world. Approximately, 1.5% of the global populations (An estimated 80–90 million people) are carriers of β-thalassemia. Around 5% of Indonesia population is thought to carry the thalassemia gene. The globin imbalance in β-thalassemia major causes hemolysis and ineffective erythropoiesis which results in anemia leading to increases of iron absorption. Furthermore, repeated blood transfusion and long-term increased iron absorption will lead to excessive accumulation of iron in vital organs, especially in the liver, causes liver fibrosis then leading to liver disease. Iron overload can be controlled by iron chelating drugs with the risk of side effects; therefore, a breakthrough is needed. Stem cell technology has a potential to provide novel insight in thalassemia major, through induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) who has the ability to differentiate into hepatic stellate cells (HSCs)-like cells. iPSCs derived HSC-like cells (iPSC-HSCs) present the phenotypic and functional characteristics of HSCs. The utilization of iPSCs is a new option in personalized thalassemia management.
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67
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Cheng W, Li X, Zhou Y, Yu H, Xie Y, Guo H, Wang H, Li Y, Feng Y, Wang Y. Polystyrene microplastics induce hepatotoxicity and disrupt lipid metabolism in the liver organoids. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150328. [PMID: 34571217 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic particles (MP) has been detected in the environment widespread. Human beings are inevitably exposed to MP via multiple routines. However, the hazard identifications, as direct evidence of exposure and health risk, have not been fully characterized in human beings. Many studies suggest the liver is a potential target organ, but currently no study regarding the MP on human liver has been reported. In this study, we used a novel in vitro 3D model, the liver organoids (LOs) generated from human pluripotent stem cells, as an alternative model to the human liver, to explore the adverse biological effect of 1 μm polystyrene-MP (PS-MP) microbeads applying a non-static exposure approach. When the LOs were exposed to 0.25, 2.5 and 25 μg/mL PS-MP (the lowest one was relevant to the environmental concentrations, calculated to be 102 ± 7 items/mL). The potential mechanisms of PS-MP induced hepatotoxicity and lipotoxicity, in aspects of cytotoxicity, levels of key molecular markers, ATP production, alteration in lipid metabolism, ROS generation, oxidative stress and inflammation response, were determined. Specifically, it has been firstly observed that PS-MP could increase the expression of hepatic HNF4A and CYP2E1. Based on these findings, the potential adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) relevant to PS-MP were proposed, and the potential risks of PS-MP on liver steatosis, fibrosis and cancer were implicated. The combined application of novel LOs model and AOPs framework provides a new insight into the risk assessment of MP. Further studies are anticipated to validate the hepatotoxic molecular mechanism of PS-MP based on HNF4A or CYP2E1, and to investigate the MP-induced physical damage and its relationship to hepatic adverse effect for human beings. CAPSULE: Microplastics cause hepatotoxicity and disrupt lipid metabolism in the human pluripotent stem cells-derived liver organoids, providing evidence for human implication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cheng
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaolan Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hengyi Yu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichun Xie
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaqi Guo
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yan Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Feng
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- The Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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68
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Tricot T, Verfaillie CM, Kumar M. Current Status and Challenges of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Liver Models in Drug Discovery. Cells 2022; 11:442. [PMID: 35159250 PMCID: PMC8834601 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pharmaceutical industry is in high need of efficient and relevant in vitro liver models, which can be incorporated in their drug discovery pipelines to identify potential drugs and their toxicity profiles. Current liver models often rely on cancer cell lines or primary cells, which both have major limitations. However, the development of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has created a new opportunity for liver disease modeling, drug discovery and liver toxicity research. hiPSCs can be differentiated to any cell of interest, which makes them good candidates for disease modeling and drug discovery. Moreover, hiPSCs, unlike primary cells, can be easily genome-edited, allowing the creation of reporter lines or isogenic controls for patient-derived hiPSCs. Unfortunately, even though liver progeny from hiPSCs has characteristics similar to their in vivo counterparts, the differentiation of iPSCs to fully mature progeny remains highly challenging and is a major obstacle for the full exploitation of these models by pharmaceutical industries. In this review, we discuss current liver-cell differentiation protocols and in vitro iPSC-based liver models that could be used for disease modeling and drug discovery. Furthermore, we will discuss the challenges that still need to be overcome to allow for the successful implementation of these models into pharmaceutical drug discovery platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manoj Kumar
- Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (T.T.); (C.M.V.)
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69
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Ramos MJ, Bandiera L, Menolascina F, Fallowfield JA. In vitro models for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Emerging platforms and their applications. iScience 2022; 25:103549. [PMID: 34977507 PMCID: PMC8689151 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a global healthcare challenge, affecting 1 in 4 adults, and death rates are predicted to rise inexorably. The progressive form of NAFLD, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), can lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, no medical treatments are licensed for NAFLD-NASH. Identifying efficacious therapies has been hindered by the complexity of disease pathogenesis, a paucity of predictive preclinical models and inadequate validation of pharmacological targets in humans. The development of clinically relevant in vitro models of the disease will pave the way to overcome these challenges. Currently, the combined application of emerging technologies (e.g., organ-on-a-chip/microphysiological systems) and control engineering approaches promises to unravel NAFLD biology and deliver tractable treatment candidates. In this review, we will describe advances in preclinical models for NAFLD-NASH, the recent introduction of novel technologies in this space, and their importance for drug discovery endeavors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jimenez Ramos
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Lucia Bandiera
- Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK.,Synthsys - Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Filippo Menolascina
- Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK.,Synthsys - Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Jonathan Andrew Fallowfield
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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70
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Ramos MJ, Bandiera L, Menolascina F, Fallowfield JA. In vitro models for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Emerging platforms and their applications. iScience 2022; 25:103549. [PMID: 34977507 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a global healthcare challenge, affecting 1 in 4 adults, and death rates are predicted to rise inexorably. The progressive form of NAFLD, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), can lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, no medical treatments are licensed for NAFLD-NASH. Identifying efficacious therapies has been hindered by the complexity of disease pathogenesis, a paucity of predictive preclinical models and inadequate validation of pharmacological targets in humans. The development of clinically relevant in vitro models of the disease will pave the way to overcome these challenges. Currently, the combined application of emerging technologies (e.g., organ-on-a-chip/microphysiological systems) and control engineering approaches promises to unravel NAFLD biology and deliver tractable treatment candidates. In this review, we will describe advances in preclinical models for NAFLD-NASH, the recent introduction of novel technologies in this space, and their importance for drug discovery endeavors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jimenez Ramos
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Lucia Bandiera
- Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
- Synthsys - Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Filippo Menolascina
- Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
- Synthsys - Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Jonathan Andrew Fallowfield
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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71
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Solhi R, Lotfi AS, Lotfinia M, Farzaneh Z, Piryaei A, Najimi M, Vosough M. Hepatic stellate cell activation by TGFβ induces hedgehog signaling and endoplasmic reticulum stress simultaneously. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 80:105315. [PMID: 35051607 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Activation of hepatic stellates (HSCs) is known as the major cause of initiation and progression of liver fibrosis. A wide array of events occurs during HSC activation including induction of hedgehog (Hh) signaling and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Targeting HSC activation may provide promising insights into liver fibrosis treatment. In this regard, establishing in vitro models which can mimic the molecular pathways of interest is very important. We aimed to activate HSC in which Hh signaling and ER stress are stimulated simultaneously. We used 5 ng/ml TGFβ to activate LX-2 cells, HSC cell line. Gene expression analysis using qRT-PCR, immunostaining and immunoblotting were performed to show HSC activation associated markers. Furthermore, the migration capacity of the TGFβ treated cells is evaluated. The results demonstrated that major fibrogenic markers including collagen1a, lysyl oxidase, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 genes are up-regulated significantly. In addition, our immunofluorescence and immunoblotting results showed that protein levels of GLI-2 and XBP1, were enhanced. Moreover, we found that TGFβ treatment reduced the migration of LX-2 cells. Our results are compatible with high throughput data analysis with respect to differentially expressed genes of activated HSC compared to the quiescent ones. Moreover, our findings suggest that quercetin can reduce fibrogenic markers of activated HSCs as well as osteopontin expression, a target gene of hedgehog signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Solhi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Sahebghadam Lotfi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Majid Lotfinia
- Physiology Research Center, Basic Sciences Research Institute, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Core Research Lab, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zahra Farzaneh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
| | - Abbas Piryaei
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
| | - Mustapha Najimi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran.
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72
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Yao J, Yu Y, Nyberg SL. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for the Treatment of Liver Diseases: Novel Concepts. Cells Tissues Organs 2022; 211:368-384. [PMID: 32615573 PMCID: PMC7775900 DOI: 10.1159/000508182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Millions of people worldwide with incurable liver disease die because of inadequate treatment options and limited availability of donor organs for liver transplantation. Regenerative medicine as an innovative approach to repairing and replacing cells, tissues, and organs is undergoing a major revolution due to the unprecedented need for organs for patients around the world. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been widely studied in the field of liver regeneration and are considered to be the most promising candidate therapies. This review will conclude the current state of efforts to derive human iPSCs for potential use in the modeling and treatment of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yao
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Clinical Research and Project Management Office, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation; Nanjing, China
| | - Scott L. Nyberg
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Corresponding Author: Scott L. Nyberg, William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA, Tel: Rochester, MN 55905, USA, Fax: (507) 284-2511,
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73
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Duspara K, Bojanic K, Pejic JI, Kuna L, Kolaric TO, Nincevic V, Smolic R, Vcev A, Glasnovic M, Curcic IB, Smolic M. Targeting the Wnt Signaling Pathway in Liver Fibrosis for Drug Options: An Update. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2021; 9:960-971. [PMID: 34966659 PMCID: PMC8666372 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2021.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a life-threatening disease, with challenging morbidity and mortality for healthcare systems worldwide. It imparts an enormous economic burden to societies, making continuous research and informational updates about its pathogenesis and treatment crucial. This review's focus is on the current knowledge about the Wnt signaling pathway, serving as an important pathway in liver fibrosis development and activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Two types of Wnt pathways are distinguished, namely the ß-catenin-dependent canonical and non-canonical Ca2+ or planar cell polarity (PCP)-dependent pathway. The dynamic balance of physiologically healthy liver and hepatocytes is disturbed by repeated liver injuries. Activation of the ß-catenin Wnt pathway prevents the regeneration of hepatocytes by the replacement of extracellular matrix (ECM), leading to the appearance of scar tissue and the formation of regenerated nodular hepatocytes, lacking the original function of healthy hepatocytes. Therefore, liver function is reduced due to the severely advanced disease. Selective inhibition of ß-catenin inhibits inflammatory processes (since chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines are produced during Wnt activation), reduces growth of activated HSCs and reduces collagen synthesis and angiogenesis, thereby reducing the progression of liver fibrosis in vivo. While the canonical Wnt pathway is usually inactive in a physiologically healthy liver, it shows activity during cell regeneration or renewal and in certain pathophysiological conditions, such as liver diseases and cancer. Targeted blocking of some of the basic components of the Wnt pathway is a therapeutic approach. These include the frizzled transmembrane receptor (Fz) receptors using the secreted frizzled-related protein family (sFRP), Fz-coreceptors low-density LRP 5/6 through dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) or niclosamide, glycogen kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) using SB-216763, cyclic-AMP response element-binding protein (CBP) using PRI-724 and ICG-001, the lymphoid enhancer binding factor (LEF)/T cell-specific transcription factor (TCF) system as well as Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1) and miR-17-5p using pinostilbene hydrate (PSH). Significant progress has been made in inhibiting Wnt and thus stopping the progression of liver fibrosis by diminishing key components for its action. Comprehending the role of the Wnt signaling pathway in liver fibrosis may lead to discovery of novel targets in liver fibrosis therapeutic strategies' development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Duspara
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Kristina Bojanic
- Department of Biophysics and Radiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Biophysics and Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Radiology, Health Center Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Josipa Ivanusic Pejic
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Lucija Kuna
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Tea Omanovic Kolaric
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vjera Nincevic
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Robert Smolic
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, University Hospital Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pathophysiology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Aleksandar Vcev
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, University Hospital Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pathophysiology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marija Glasnovic
- Department of Medicine, Family Medicine and History of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ines Bilic Curcic
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University Hospital Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Martina Smolic
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Correspondence to: Martina Smolic, University of Osijek, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, J. Huttlera 4, Osijek 31000, Croatia. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6867-826X. Tel: + 385-31-512-800, Fax: +385-31-512-833, E-mail:
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Koui Y, Himeno M, Mori Y, Nakano Y, Saijou E, Tanimizu N, Kamiya Y, Anzai H, Maeda N, Wang L, Yamada T, Sakai Y, Nakato R, Miyajima A, Kido T. Development of human iPSC-derived quiescent hepatic stellate cell-like cells for drug discovery and in vitro disease modeling. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:3050-3063. [PMID: 34861166 PMCID: PMC8693663 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a central role in the progression of liver fibrosis by producing extracellular matrices. The development of drugs to suppress liver fibrosis has been hampered by the lack of human quiescent HSCs (qHSCs) and an appropriate in vitro model that faithfully recapitulates HSC activation. In the present study, we developed a culture system to generate qHSC-like cells from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) that can be converted into activated HSCs in culture. To monitor the activation process, a red fluorescent protein (RFP) gene was inserted in hiPSCs downstream of the activation marker gene actin alpha 2 smooth muscle (ACTA2). Using qHSC-like cells derived from RFP reporter iPSCs, we screened a repurposing chemical library and identified therapeutic candidates that prevent liver fibrosis. Hence, hiPSC-derived qHSC-like cells will be a useful tool to study the mechanism of HSC activation and to identify therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Koui
- Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Misao Himeno
- Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yusuke Mori
- Bio Science & Engineering Laboratory, Research & Development Management Headquarters, FUJIFILM Corporation, 577 Ushijima, Kaisei-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa 258-8577, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakano
- Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Eiko Saijou
- Laboratory of Computational Genomics, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Naoki Tanimizu
- Department of Tissue Development and Regeneration, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S-1, W-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Kamiya
- Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Hiroko Anzai
- Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Natsuki Maeda
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Luyao Wang
- Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Tadanori Yamada
- Bio Science & Engineering Laboratory, Research & Development Management Headquarters, FUJIFILM Corporation, 577 Ushijima, Kaisei-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa 258-8577, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Nakato
- Laboratory of Computational Genomics, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyajima
- Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Taketomo Kido
- Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.
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75
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Deng Y, Xia B, Chen Z, Wang F, Lv Y, Chen G. Stem Cell-based Therapy Strategy for Hepatic Fibrosis by Targeting Intrahepatic Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:77-93. [PMID: 34668120 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10286-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The whole liver transplantation is the most effective treatment for end-stage fibrosis. However, the lack of available donors, immune rejection and total cost of surgery remain as the key challenges in advancing liver fibrosis therapeutics. Due to the multi-differentiation and low immunogenicity of stem cells, treatment of liver fibrosis with stem cells has been considered as a valuable new therapeutic modality. The pathological progression of liver fibrosis is closely related to the changes in the activities of intrahepatic cells. Damaged hepatocytes, activated Kupffer cells and other inflammatory cells lead to hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation, further promoting apoptosis of damaged hepatocytes, while stem cells can work on fibrosis-related intrahepatic cells through relevant transduction pathways. Herein, this article elucidates the phenomena and the mechanisms of the crosstalk between various types of stem cells and intrahepatic cells including HSCs and hepatocytes in the treatment of liver fibrosis. Then, the important influences of chemical compositions, mechanical properties and blood flow on liver fibrosis models with stem cell treatment are emphasized. Clinical trials on stem cell-based therapy for liver fibrosis are also briefly summarized. Finally, continuing challenges and future directions of stem cell-based therapy for hepatic fibrosis are discussed. In short, stem cells play an important advantage and have a great potential in treating liver fibrosis by interacting with intrahepatic cells. Clarifying how stem cells interact with intrahepatic cells to change the progression of liver fibrosis is of great significance for a deeper understanding of liver fibrosis mechanisms and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Deng
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, No. 69 Hongguang Avenue, Banan District, Chongqing, 400054, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xia
- Engineering Research Center for Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongmin Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, No. 69 Hongguang Avenue, Banan District, Chongqing, 400054, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuping Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, No. 69 Hongguang Avenue, Banan District, Chongqing, 400054, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonggang Lv
- Mechanobiology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, People's Republic of China
| | - Guobao Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, No. 69 Hongguang Avenue, Banan District, Chongqing, 400054, People's Republic of China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, People's Republic of China.
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76
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Baas FS, Rishi G, Swinkels DW, Subramaniam VN. Genetic Diagnosis in Hereditary Hemochromatosis: Discovering and Understanding the Biological Relevance of Variants. Clin Chem 2021; 67:1324-1341. [PMID: 34402502 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvab130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a genetic disease, leading to iron accumulation and possible organ damage. Patients are usually homozygous for p. Cys282Tyr in the homeostatic iron regulator gene but may have mutations in other genes involved in the regulation of iron. Next-generation sequencing is increasingly being utilized for the diagnosis of patients, leading to the discovery of novel genetic variants. The clinical significance of these variants is often unknown. CONTENT Determining the pathogenicity of such variants of unknown significance is important for diagnostics and genetic counseling. Predictions can be made using in silico computational tools and population data, but additional evidence is required for a conclusive pathogenicity classification. Genetic disease models, such as in vitro models using cellular overexpression, induced pluripotent stem cells or organoids, and in vivo models using mice or zebrafish all have their own challenges and opportunities when used to model HH and other iron disorders. Recent developments in gene-editing technologies are transforming the field of genetic disease modeling. SUMMARY In summary, this review addresses methods and developments regarding the discovery and classification of genetic variants, from in silico tools to in vitro and in vivo models, and presents them in the context of HH. It also explores recent gene-editing developments and how they can be applied to the discussed models of genetic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floor S Baas
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory (TML 831), Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Hepatogenomics Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gautam Rishi
- Hepatogenomics Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dorine W Swinkels
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory (TML 831), Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - V Nathan Subramaniam
- Hepatogenomics Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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77
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Fernandez-Checa JC, Bagnaninchi P, Ye H, Sancho-Bru P, Falcon-Perez JM, Royo F, Garcia-Ruiz C, Konu O, Miranda J, Lunov O, Dejneka A, Elfick A, McDonald A, Sullivan GJ, Aithal GP, Lucena MI, Andrade RJ, Fromenty B, Kranendonk M, Cubero FJ, Nelson LJ. Advanced preclinical models for evaluation of drug-induced liver injury - consensus statement by the European Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network [PRO-EURO-DILI-NET]. J Hepatol 2021; 75:935-959. [PMID: 34171436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a major cause of acute liver failure (ALF) and one of the leading indications for liver transplantation in Western societies. Given the wide use of both prescribed and over the counter drugs, DILI has become a major health issue for which there is a pressing need to find novel and effective therapies. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying DILI, our incomplete knowledge of its pathogenesis and inability to predict DILI is largely due to both discordance between human and animal DILI in preclinical drug development and a lack of models that faithfully recapitulate complex pathophysiological features of human DILI. This is exemplified by the hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen (APAP) overdose, a major cause of ALF because of its extensive worldwide use as an analgesic. Despite intensive efforts utilising current animal and in vitro models, the mechanisms involved in the hepatotoxicity of APAP are still not fully understood. In this expert Consensus Statement, which is endorsed by the European Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network, we aim to facilitate and outline clinically impactful discoveries by detailing the requirements for more realistic human-based systems to assess hepatotoxicity and guide future drug safety testing. We present novel insights and discuss major players in APAP pathophysiology, and describe emerging in vitro and in vivo pre-clinical models, as well as advanced imaging and in silico technologies, which may improve prediction of clinical outcomes of DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose C Fernandez-Checa
- Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain; USC Research Center for ALPD, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, United States, CA 90033.
| | - Pierre Bagnaninchi
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regenerative and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, EH16 4UU; School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, Faraday Building, Colin Maclaurin Road, EH9 3 DW, Scotland, UK
| | - Hui Ye
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology & ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pau Sancho-Bru
- Instituto Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Juan M Falcon-Perez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain; Exosomes Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia, 48160, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Bizkaia, 48015, Spain
| | - Felix Royo
- Exosomes Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia, 48160, Spain
| | - Carmen Garcia-Ruiz
- Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain; USC Research Center for ALPD, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, United States, CA 90033
| | - Ozlen Konu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Joana Miranda
- Research Institute for iMedicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Oleg Lunov
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandr Dejneka
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alistair Elfick
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 3DW, UK
| | - Alison McDonald
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 3DW, UK
| | - Gareth J Sullivan
- University of Oslo and the Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Hybrid Technology Hub-Center of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hosptial, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guruprasad P Aithal
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - M Isabel Lucena
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain; Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, UICEC SCReN, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Raul J Andrade
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Enfermedades Digestivas, Instituto de Investigación, Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Bernard Fromenty
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRAE, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Michel Kranendonk
- Center for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), Genetics, Oncology and Human Toxicology, NOVA Medical School, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Francisco Javier Cubero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain; Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology & ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonard J Nelson
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regenerative and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, EH16 4UU; School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, Faraday Building, Colin Maclaurin Road, EH9 3 DW, Scotland, UK; Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering (IB3), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences (EPS), Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH12 2AS, Scotland, UK.
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Saleh J, Mercier B, Xi W. Bioengineering methods for organoid systems. Biol Cell 2021; 113:475-491. [PMID: 34580889 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202000119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Organoids have been widely used in fundamental, biomimetic, and therapeutic studies. These multicellular systems form via cell-autonomous self-organization where a cohort of stem cells undergoes in vivo-like proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis. They also recapitulate a series of physiological cell organization, complexity and functions that are untouchable by conventional bio-model systems using immortal cell lines. However, the development of organoids is often not easily controlled and their shape and size are yet fully physiological. Recent research has demonstrated that multiple bioengineering tools could be harnessed to control important internal and external cues that dictate stem cell behavior and stem-cell based organoid development. In this review, we introduce the current development of organoid systems and their potentials, as well as their limitations that impede their further utility in research and clinical fields. In comparison to conventional autonomous organoid system, we then review bioengineering approaches that offer improved control over organoid growth and development. We focus on the genetic editing tools that allow the program of build-in responses and phenotypes for organoid systems with enhanced physiological relevance. We also highlight the advances in bioengineering methods to modify cellular external milieus to generate desirable cell composition, 3D micro-architectures, and complex microfluidic systems. We conclude that the emerging biomimetic methods that employ multidisciplinary approaches could prevail in the future development of organoid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jad Saleh
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Barbara Mercier
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Wang Xi
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
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79
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Kim SK, Kim YH, Park S, Cho SW. Organoid engineering with microfluidics and biomaterials for liver, lung disease, and cancer modeling. Acta Biomater 2021; 132:37-51. [PMID: 33711526 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
As life expectancy improves and the number of people suffering from various diseases increases, the need for developing effective personalized disease models is rapidly rising. The development of organoid technology has led to better recapitulation of the in vivo environment of organs, and can overcome the constraints of existing disease models. However, for more precise disease modeling, engineering approaches such as microfluidics and biomaterials, that aid in mimicking human physiology, need to be integrated with the organoid models. In this review, we introduce key elements for disease modeling and recent engineering advances using both liver and lung organoids. Due to the importance of personalized medicine, we also emphasize patient-derived cancer organoid models and their engineering approaches. These organoid-based disease models combined with microfluidics, biomaterials, and co-culture systems will provide a powerful research platform for understanding disease mechanisms and developing precision medicine; enabling preclinical drug screening and drug development. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The development of organoid technology has led to better recapitulation of the in vivo environment of organs, and can overcome the constraints of existing disease models. However, for more precise disease modeling, engineering approaches such as microfluidics and biomaterials, that aid in mimicking human physiology, need to be integrated with the organoid models. In this review, we introduce liver, lung, and cancer organoids integrated with various engineering approaches as a novel platform for personalized disease modeling. These engineered organoid-based disease models will provide a powerful research platform for understanding disease mechanisms and developing precision medicine.
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80
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Jo S, Kim JW, Noh H, Kim H, Kim JH, Park HJ. Generation of an ACTA2-EGFP reporter human induced pluripotent stem cell line, KITi001-C-41, using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated homologous recombination. Stem Cell Res 2021; 56:102524. [PMID: 34481189 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) is encoded by ACTA2 and is a key protein in the cellular contractile system of various mesodermal cell types, including hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), smooth muscle cells, and cardiomyocytes. α-SMA, which is a key protein in the development of hepatic fibrosis, is widely used as a reliable marker of HSC activation. Here, we generated an ACTA2-EGFP reporter human induced pluripotent stem cell line, KITi001-C-41, using a CRISPR/Cas9-based knock-in system. These reporter hiPSC lines can be used for lineage tracing of mesodermal cells and for screening of HSC activation factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongyea Jo
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Woo Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haneul Noh
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Han-Jin Park
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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81
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He J, Zhang X, Xia X, Han M, Li F, Li C, Li Y, Gao D. Organoid technology for tissue engineering. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 12:569-579. [PMID: 32249317 PMCID: PMC7683016 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjaa012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
For centuries, attempts have been continuously made to artificially reconstitute counterparts of in vivo organs from their tissues or cells. Only in the recent decade has organoid technology as a whole technological field systematically emerged and been shown to play important roles in tissue engineering. Based on their self-organizing capacities, stem cells of versatile organs, both harvested and induced, can form 3D structures that are structurally and functionally similar to their in vivo counterparts. These organoid models provide a powerful platform for elucidating the development mechanisms, modeling diseases, and screening drug candidates. In this review, we will summarize the advances of this technology for generating various organoids of tissues from the three germ layers and discuss their drawbacks and prospects for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan He
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xinyi Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ming Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chunfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yunguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Dong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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82
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Sun L, Hui L. Progress in human liver organoids. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 12:607-617. [PMID: 32236564 PMCID: PMC7683012 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjaa013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the development, regeneration, and disorders of the liver is the major goal in liver biology. Current mechanistic knowledge of human livers has been largely derived from mouse models and cell lines, which fall short in recapitulating the features of human liver cells or the structures and functions of human livers. Organoids as an in vitro system hold the promise to generate organ-like tissues in a dish. Recent advances in human liver organoids also facilitate the understanding of the biology and diseases in this complex organ. Here we review the progress in human liver organoids, mainly focusing on the methods to generate liver organoids, their applications, and possible future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lijian Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Bio-Research Innovation Center, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215121, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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83
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Heydari Z, Moeinvaziri F, Agarwal T, Pooyan P, Shpichka A, Maiti TK, Timashev P, Baharvand H, Vosough M. Organoids: a novel modality in disease modeling. Biodes Manuf 2021; 4:689-716. [PMID: 34395032 PMCID: PMC8349706 DOI: 10.1007/s42242-021-00150-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Limitations of monolayer culture conditions have motivated scientists to explore new models that can recapitulate the architecture and function of human organs more accurately. Recent advances in the improvement of protocols have resulted in establishing three-dimensional (3D) organ-like architectures called ‘organoids’ that can display the characteristics of their corresponding real organs, including morphological features, functional activities, and personalized responses to specific pathogens. We discuss different organoid-based 3D models herein, which are classified based on their original germinal layer. Studies of organoids simulating the complexity of real tissues could provide novel platforms and opportunities for generating practical knowledge along with preclinical studies, including drug screening, toxicology, and molecular pathophysiology of diseases. This paper also outlines the key challenges, advantages, and prospects of current organoid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Heydari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, 14155-4364 Iran
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, 14155-4364 Iran
| | - Farideh Moeinvaziri
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, 14155-4364 Iran
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, 14155-4364 Iran
| | - Tarun Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 India
| | - Paria Pooyan
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, 14155-4364 Iran
| | - Anastasia Shpichka
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 19991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tapas K. Maiti
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 India
| | - Peter Timashev
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 19991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Polymers and Composites, N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, 14155-4364 Iran
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, 14155-4364 Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, 14155-4364 Iran
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, 14155-4364 Iran
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84
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Lam DTUH, Dan YY, Chan YS, Ng HH. Emerging liver organoid platforms and technologies. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 10:27. [PMID: 34341842 PMCID: PMC8329140 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-021-00089-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Building human organs in a dish has been a long term goal of researchers in pursue of physiologically relevant models of human disease and for replacement of worn out and diseased organs. The liver has been an organ of interest for its central role in regulating body homeostasis as well as drug metabolism. An accurate liver replica should contain the multiple cell types found in the organ and these cells should be spatially organized to resemble tissue structures. More importantly, the in vitro model should recapitulate cellular and tissue level functions. Progress in cell culture techniques and bioengineering approaches have greatly accelerated the development of advance 3-dimensional (3D) cellular models commonly referred to as liver organoids. These 3D models described range from single to multiple cell type containing cultures with diverse applications from establishing patient-specific liver cells to modeling of chronic liver diseases and regenerative therapy. Each organoid platform is advantageous for specific applications and presents its own limitations. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of major liver organoid platforms and technologies developed for diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Thuy Uyen Ha Lam
- Laboratory of precision disease therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Dr, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Yock Young Dan
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Dr, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medicine Cluster, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Yun-Shen Chan
- Laboratory of precision disease therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138672, Singapore.
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, 510005, China.
| | - Huck-Hui Ng
- Laboratory of precision disease therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138672, Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117559, Singapore.
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
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85
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From Cells to Organs: The Present and Future of Regenerative Medicine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1376:135-149. [PMID: 34327664 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine promises a bright future where damaged body parts can be restored, rejuvenated, and replaced. The application of regenerative medicine is interdisciplinary and covers nearly all fields of medical sciences and molecular engineering. This review provides a road map on how regenerative medicine is applied on the levels of cell, tissue, and organ and summarizes the advantages and limitation of human pluripotent stem cells in disease modeling and regenerative application.
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86
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Cordero-Espinoza L, Dowbaj AM, Kohler TN, Strauss B, Sarlidou O, Belenguer G, Pacini C, Martins NP, Dobie R, Wilson-Kanamori JR, Butler R, Prior N, Serup P, Jug F, Henderson NC, Hollfelder F, Huch M. Dynamic cell contacts between periportal mesenchyme and ductal epithelium act as a rheostat for liver cell proliferation. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:1907-1921.e8. [PMID: 34343491 PMCID: PMC8577825 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the liver, ductal cells rarely proliferate during homeostasis but do so transiently after tissue injury. These cells can be expanded as organoids that recapitulate several of the cell-autonomous mechanisms of regeneration but lack the stromal interactions of the native tissue. Here, using organoid co-cultures that recapitulate the ductal-to-mesenchymal cell architecture of the portal tract, we demonstrate that a subpopulation of mouse periportal mesenchymal cells exerts dual control on proliferation of the epithelium. Ductal cell proliferation is either induced and sustained or, conversely, completely abolished, depending on the number of direct mesenchymal cell contacts, through a mechanism mediated, at least in part, by Notch signaling. Our findings expand the concept of the cellular niche in epithelial tissues, whereby not only soluble factors but also cell-cell contacts are the key regulatory cues involved in the control of cellular behaviors, suggesting a critical role for cell-cell contacts during regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Cordero-Espinoza
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK; Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Anna M Dowbaj
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Timo N Kohler
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK; Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Bernhard Strauss
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Olga Sarlidou
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - German Belenguer
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Clare Pacini
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Nuno P Martins
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Ross Dobie
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - John R Wilson-Kanamori
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Richard Butler
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Nicole Prior
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Palle Serup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Florian Jug
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Neil C Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Florian Hollfelder
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Meritxell Huch
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK; Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden 01307, Germany.
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87
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Kumar M, Toprakhisar B, Van Haele M, Antoranz A, Boon R, Chesnais F, De Smedt J, Tricot T, Idoype TI, Canella M, Tilliole P, De Boeck J, Bajaj M, Ranga A, Bosisio FM, Roskams T, van Grunsven LA, Verfaillie CM. A fully defined matrix to support a pluripotent stem cell derived multi-cell-liver steatohepatitis and fibrosis model. Biomaterials 2021; 276:121006. [PMID: 34304139 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chronic liver injury, as observed in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), progressive fibrosis, and cirrhosis, remains poorly treatable. Steatohepatitis causes hepatocyte loss in part by a direct lipotoxic insult, which is amplified by derangements in the non-parenchymal cellular (NPC) interactive network wherein hepatocytes reside, including, hepatic stellate cells, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and liver macrophages. To create an in vitro culture model encompassing all these cells, that allows studying liver steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis caused by NASH, we here developed a fully defined hydrogel microenvironment, termed hepatocyte maturation (HepMat) gel, that supports maturation and maintenance of pluripotent stem cell (PSC) derived hepatocyte- and NPC-like cells for at least one month. The HepMat-based co-culture system modeled key molecular and functional features of TGFβ-induced liver fibrosis and fatty-acid induced inflammation and fibrosis better than monocultures of its constituent cell populations. The novel co-culture system should open new avenues for studying mechanisms underlying liver steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis as well as for assessing drugs counteracting these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Burak Toprakhisar
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthias Van Haele
- Translational Cell & Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Asier Antoranz
- Translational Cell & Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruben Boon
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francois Chesnais
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonathan De Smedt
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tine Tricot
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Teresa Izuel Idoype
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marco Canella
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pierre Tilliole
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jolan De Boeck
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Manmohan Bajaj
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adrian Ranga
- Biomechanics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francesca Maria Bosisio
- Translational Cell & Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tania Roskams
- Translational Cell & Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leo A van Grunsven
- Liver Cell Biology Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catherine M Verfaillie
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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88
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Miura A, Yamada D, Nakamura M, Tomida S, Shimizu D, Jiang Y, Takao T, Yamamoto H, Suzawa K, Shien K, Yamane M, Sakaguchi M, Toyooka S, Takarada T. Oncogenic potential of human pluripotent stem cell-derived lung organoids with HER2 overexpression. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:1593-1604. [PMID: 34152598 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common types among lung cancers generally arising from terminal airway and understanding of multistep carcinogenesis is crucial to develop novel therapeutic strategy for LUAD. Here we used human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to establish iHER2-hiPSCs in which doxycycline induced the expression of the oncoprotein human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)/ERBB2. Lung progenitors that differentiated from iHER2-hiPSCs, which expressed NKX2-1/TTF-1 known as a lung lineage maker, were cocultured with human fetal fibroblast and formed human lung organoids (HLOs) comprising alveolar type 2-like cells. HLOs that overexpressed HER2 transformed to tumor-like structures similar to atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, which is known for lung precancerous lesion and upregulated the activities of oncogenic signaling cascades such as RAS/RAF/MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR. The degree of morphological irregularity and proliferation capacity were significantly higher in HLOs from iHER2-hiPSCs. Moreover, the transcriptome profile of the HLOs shifted from a normal lung tissue-like state to one characteristic of clinical LUAD with HER2 amplification. Our results suggest that hiPSC-derived HLOs may serve as a model to recapitulate the early tumorigenesis of LUAD and would provide new insights into the molecular basis of tumor initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Miura
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamada
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakamura
- Precision Health, Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuta Tomida
- Center for Comprehensive Genomic Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Dai Shimizu
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tomoka Takao
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Yamamoto
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ken Suzawa
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Shien
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masaomi Yamane
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masakiyo Sakaguchi
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shinichi Toyooka
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Takarada
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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89
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Danoy M, Jellali R, Tauran Y, Bruce J, Leduc M, Gilard F, Gakière B, Scheidecker B, Kido T, Miyajima A, Soncin F, Sakai Y, Leclerc E. Characterization of the proteome and metabolome of human liver sinusoidal endothelial-like cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. Differentiation 2021; 120:28-35. [PMID: 34229994 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The liver is a complex organ composed of several cell types organized hierarchically. Among these, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are specialized vascular cells known to interact with hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and to be involved in the regulation of important hepatic processes in healthy and pathological situations. Protocols for the differentiation of LSECs from human induced pluripotent stem cells, hiPSCs, have been proposed and in-depth analysis by transcriptomic profiling of those cells has been performed. In the present work, an extended analysis of those cells in terms of proteome and metabolome has been implemented. The proteomic analysis confirmed the expression of important endothelial markers and pathways. Among them, the expression of patterns typical of LSECs such as PECAM1, VWF, LYVE1, STAB1 (endothelial markers), CDH13, CDH5, CLDN5, ICAM1, MCAM-CD146, ICAM2, ESAM (endothelial cytoskeleton), NOSTRIN, NOS3 (Nitric Oxide endothelial ROS), ESM1, ENG, MMRN2, THBS1, ANGPT2 (angiogenesis), CD93, MRC1 (mannose receptor), CLEC14A (C-type lectin), CD40 (antigen), and ERG (transcription factor) was highlighted. Besides, the pathway analysis revealed the enrichment of the endocytosis, Toll-like receptor, Nod-like receptor, Wnt, Apelin, VEGF, cGMP-PCK, and PPAR related signaling pathways. Other important pathways such as vasopressin regulated water reabsorption, fluid shear stress, relaxin signaling, and renin secretion were also highlighted. At confluence, the metabolome profile appeared consistent with quiescent endothelial cell patterns. The integration of both proteome and metabolome datasets revealed a switch from fatty acid synthesis in undifferentiated hiPSCs to a fatty oxidation in LSECs and activation of the pentose phosphate pathway and polyamine metabolism in hiPSCs-derived LSECs. In conclusion, the comparison between the signature of LSECs differentiated following the protocol described in this work, and data found in the literature confirmed the particular relevance of these cells for future in vitro applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Danoy
- CNRS UMI 2820, Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan; Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Rachid Jellali
- Université de technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de recherche Royallieu CS 60319, 60203, Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Yannick Tauran
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Johanna Bruce
- Plateforme protéomique 3P5, Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014, France
| | - Marjorie Leduc
- Plateforme protéomique 3P5, Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014, France
| | - Françoise Gilard
- Plateforme Métabolisme Métabolome, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, Univ. Paris-Sud, Univ. Evry, Univ. Paris-Diderot, Univ. Paris Saclay, Bâtiment 630 Rue Noetzlin, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Bertrand Gakière
- Plateforme Métabolisme Métabolome, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, Univ. Paris-Sud, Univ. Evry, Univ. Paris-Diderot, Univ. Paris Saclay, Bâtiment 630 Rue Noetzlin, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Benedikt Scheidecker
- CNRS UMI 2820, Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan; Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Taketomo Kido
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyajima
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Fabrice Soncin
- CNRS UMI 2820, Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan; CNRS/IIS/Centre Oscar Lambret/Lille University SMMiL-E Project, CNRS Délégation Nord-Pas de Calais et Picardie, 2 rue de Canonniers, Lille, 59046, France
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Eric Leclerc
- CNRS UMI 2820, Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan; Université de technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de recherche Royallieu CS 60319, 60203, Compiègne Cedex, France.
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90
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Ogoke O, Yousef O, Ott C, Kalinousky A, Lin W, Shamul C, Ross S, Parashurama N. Modeling Liver Organogenesis by Recreating Three-Dimensional Collective Cell Migration: A Role for TGFβ Pathway. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:621286. [PMID: 34211963 PMCID: PMC8239196 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.621286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) collective cell migration (CCM) is critical for improving liver cell therapies, eliciting mechanisms of liver disease, and modeling human liver development and organogenesis. Mechanisms of CCM differ in 2D vs. 3D systems, and existing models are limited to 2D or transwell-based systems, suggesting there is a need for improved 3D models of CCM. To recreate liver 3D CCM, we engineered in vitro 3D models based upon a morphogenetic transition that occurs during liver organogenesis, which occurs rapidly between E8.5 and E9.5 (mouse). During this morphogenetic transition, 3D CCM exhibits co-migration (multiple cell types), thick-strand interactions with surrounding septum transversum mesenchyme (STM), branching morphogenesis, and 3D interstitial migration. Here, we engineer several 3D in vitro culture systems, each of which mimics one of these processes in vitro. In mixed spheroids bearing both liver cells and uniquely MRC-5 (fetal lung) fibroblasts, we observed evidence of co-migration, and a significant increase in length and number of liver spheroid protrusions, which was highly sensitive to transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) stimulation. In MRC-5-conditioned medium (M-CM) experiments, we observed dose-dependent branching morphogenesis associated with an upregulation of Twist1, which was inhibited by a broad TGFβ inhibitor. In models in which liver spheroids and MRC-5 spheroids were co-cultured, we observed complex strand morphogenesis, whereby thin, linear, 3D liver cell strands attach to the MRC-5 spheroid, anchor and thicken to form permanent and thick anchoring contacts between the two spheroids. In these spheroid co-culture models, we also observed spheroid fusion and strong evidence for interstitial migration. In conclusion, we present several novel cultivation systems that recreate distinct features of liver 3D CCM. These methodologies will greatly improve our molecular, cellular, and tissue-scale understanding of liver organogenesis, liver diseases like cancer, and liver cell therapy, and will also serve as a tool to bridge conventional 2D studies and preclinical in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ogechi Ogoke
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Osama Yousef
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Cortney Ott
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Allison Kalinousky
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Wayne Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Claire Shamul
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Shatoni Ross
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Natesh Parashurama
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, NY, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, NY, United States.,Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo (State University of New York), Buffalo, NY, United States
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91
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Bao YL, Wang L, Pan HT, Zhang TR, Chen YH, Xu SJ, Mao XL, Li SW. Animal and Organoid Models of Liver Fibrosis. Front Physiol 2021; 12:666138. [PMID: 34122138 PMCID: PMC8187919 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.666138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis refers to the process underlying the development of chronic liver diseases, wherein liver cells are repeatedly destroyed and regenerated, which leads to an excessive deposition and abnormal distribution of the extracellular matrix such as collagen, glycoprotein and proteoglycan in the liver. Liver fibrosis thus constitutes the pathological repair response of the liver to chronic injury. Hepatic fibrosis is a key step in the progression of chronic liver disease to cirrhosis and an important factor affecting the prognosis of chronic liver disease. Further development of liver fibrosis may lead to structural disorders of the liver, nodular regeneration of hepatocytes and the formation of cirrhosis. Hepatic fibrosis is histologically reversible if treated aggressively during this period, but when fibrosis progresses to the stage of cirrhosis, reversal is very difficult, resulting in a poor prognosis. There are many causes of liver fibrosis, including liver injury caused by drugs, viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver, fatty liver and autoimmune disease. The mechanism underlying hepatic fibrosis differs among etiologies. The establishment of an appropriate animal model of liver fibrosis is not only an important basis for the in-depth study of the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis but also an important means for clinical experts to select drugs for the prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis. The present study focused on the modeling methods and fibrosis characteristics of different animal models of liver fibrosis, such as a chemical-induced liver fibrosis model, autoimmune liver fibrosis model, cholestatic liver fibrosis model, alcoholic liver fibrosis model and non-alcoholic liver fibrosis model. In addition, we also summarize the research and application prospects concerning new organoids in liver fibrosis models proposed in recent years. A suitable animal model of liver fibrosis and organoid fibrosis model that closely resemble the physiological state of the human body will provide bases for the in-depth study of the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis and the development of therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Long Bao
- College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Hai-Ting Pan
- College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Tai-Ran Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ya-Hong Chen
- Health Management Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Shan-Jing Xu
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Chian
| | - Xin-Li Mao
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Chian.,Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Shao-Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
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92
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Harrison SP, Baumgarten SF, Verma R, Lunov O, Dejneka A, Sullivan GJ. Liver Organoids: Recent Developments, Limitations and Potential. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:574047. [PMID: 34026769 PMCID: PMC8131532 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.574047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cell types derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) share the potential to investigate development, toxicity, as well as genetic and infectious disease in ways currently limited by the availability of primary tissue. With the added advantage of patient specificity, which can play a role in all of these areas. Many iPSC differentiation protocols focus on 3 dimensional (3D) or organotypic differentiation, as these offer the advantage of more closely mimicking in vivo systems including; the formation of tissue like architecture and interactions/crosstalk between different cell types. Ultimately such models have the potential to be used clinically and either with or more aptly, in place of animal models. Along with the development of organotypic and micro-tissue models, there will be a need to co-develop imaging technologies to enable their visualization. A variety of liver models termed "organoids" have been reported in the literature ranging from simple spheres or cysts of a single cell type, usually hepatocytes, to those containing multiple cell types combined during the differentiation process such as hepatic stellate cells, endothelial cells, and mesenchymal cells, often leading to an improved hepatic phenotype. These allow specific functions or readouts to be examined such as drug metabolism, protein secretion or an improved phenotype, but because of their relative simplicity they lack the flexibility and general applicability of ex vivo tissue culture. In the liver field these are more often constructed rather than developed together organotypically as seen in other organoid models such as brain, kidney, lung and intestine. Having access to organotypic liver like surrogates containing multiple cell types with in vivo like interactions/architecture, would provide vastly improved models for disease, toxicity and drug development, combining disciplines such as microfluidic chip technology with organoids and ultimately paving the way to new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Philip Harrison
- Hybrid Technology Hub–Center of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Saphira Felicitas Baumgarten
- Hybrid Technology Hub–Center of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rajneesh Verma
- Hybrid Technology Hub–Center of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oleg Lunov
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Alexandr Dejneka
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Gareth John Sullivan
- Hybrid Technology Hub–Center of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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93
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van der Vaart J, Clevers H. Airway organoids as models of human disease. J Intern Med 2021; 289:604-613. [PMID: 32350962 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Studies developing and applying organoid technology have greatly increased in volume and visibility over the past decade. Organoids are three-dimensional structures that are established from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) or adult tissue stem cells (ASCs). They consist of organ-specific cell types that self-organize through cell sorting and spatially restricted lineage commitment to generate architectural and functional characteristics of the tissue of interest. The field of respiratory development and disease has been particularly productive in this regard. Starting from human cells (PSCs or ASCs), models of the two segments of the lung, the airways and the alveoli, can be built. Such organoids allow the study of development, physiology and disease and thus bridge the gap between animal models and clinical studies. This review discusses current developments in the pulmonary organoid field, highlighting the potential and limitations of current models.
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Affiliation(s)
- J van der Vaart
- From the, Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - H Clevers
- From the, Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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94
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Meseguer-Ripolles J, Kasarinaite A, Lucendo-Villarin B, Hay DC. Protocol for automated production of human stem cell derived liver spheres. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100502. [PMID: 33997816 PMCID: PMC8105683 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This protocol describes how to produce human liver spheres from pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatic progenitors, endothelial cells, and hepatic stellate cells. Liver spheres form by self-assembly in microwells, generating up to 73 spheres per well of a 96-well plate. This process was automated using liquid handling and pipetting systems, permitting cost-effective scale-up and reducing sphere variability. In its current form, this system provides a powerful tool to generate human liver tissue for disease modeling and drug screening. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Lucendo-Villarin et al. (2020) (https://doi.org/10.1088/1758-5090/abbdb2). Protocol to produce and self-assemble hepatocytes, endothelial, and stellate cells Generation of an automated system for 3D liver sphere production Scalable production of phenotypically stable liver spheres for disease modeling
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Meseguer-Ripolles
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Alvile Kasarinaite
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Baltasar Lucendo-Villarin
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - David C Hay
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
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95
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Single Cell Gene Expression Analysis in a 3D Microtissue Liver Model Reveals Cell Type-Specific Responses to Pro-Fibrotic TGF-β1 Stimulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094372. [PMID: 33922101 PMCID: PMC8122664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
3D cell culture systems are widely used to study disease mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Multicellular liver microtissues (MTs) comprising HepaRG, hTERT-HSC and THP-1 maintain multicellular interactions and physiological properties required to mimic liver fibrosis. However, the inherent complexity of multicellular 3D-systems often hinders the discrimination of cell type specific responses. Here, we aimed at applying single cell sequencing (scRNA-seq) to discern the molecular responses of cells involved in the development of fibrosis elicited by TGF-β1. To obtain single cell suspensions from the MTs, an enzymatic dissociation method was optimized. Isolated cells showed good viability, could be re-plated and cultured in 2D, and expressed specific markers determined by scRNA-seq, qRT-PCR, ELISA and immunostaining. The three cell populations were successfully clustered using supervised and unsupervised methods based on scRNA-seq data. TGF-β1 led to a fibrotic phenotype in the MTs, detected as decreased albumin and increased αSMA expression. Cell-type specific responses to the treatment were identified for each of the three cell types. They included HepaRG damage characterized by a decrease in cellular metabolism, prototypical inflammatory responses in THP-1s and extracellular matrix remodeling in hTERT-HSCs. Furthermore, we identified novel cell-specific putative fibrosis markers in hTERT-HSC (COL15A1), and THP-1 (ALOX5AP and LAPTM5).
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96
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Directed differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells to hepatic stellate cells. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:2542-2563. [PMID: 33864055 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00509-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are nonparenchymal liver cells responsible for extracellular matrix homeostasis and are the main cells involved in the development of liver fibrosis following injury. The lack of reliable sources of HSCs has hence limited the development of complex in vitro systems to model liver diseases and toxicity. Here we describe a protocol to differentiate human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into hepatic stellate cells (iPSC-HSCs). The protocol is based on the addition of several growth factors important for liver development sequentially over 12 d. iPSC-HSCs present phenotypic and functional characteristics of primary HSCs and can be expanded or frozen and used to perform high-throughput in vitro studies. We also describe how to coculture iPSC-HSCs with hepatocytes, which self-assemble into three-dimensional (3D) hepatic spheroids. This protocol enables the generation of HSC-like cells for in vitro modeling and drug screening studies.
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97
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Gough A, Soto-Gutierrez A, Vernetti L, Ebrahimkhani MR, Stern AM, Taylor DL. Human biomimetic liver microphysiology systems in drug development and precision medicine. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18:252-268. [PMID: 33335282 PMCID: PMC9106093 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-00386-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microphysiology systems (MPS), also called organs-on-chips and tissue chips, are miniaturized functional units of organs constructed with multiple cell types under a variety of physical and biochemical environmental cues that complement animal models as part of a new paradigm of drug discovery and development. Biomimetic human liver MPS have evolved from simpler 2D cell models, spheroids and organoids to address the increasing need to understand patient-specific mechanisms of complex and rare diseases, the response to therapeutic treatments, and the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity of potential therapeutics. The parallel development and application of transdisciplinary technologies, including microfluidic devices, bioprinting, engineered matrix materials, defined physiological and pathophysiological media, patient-derived primary cells, and pluripotent stem cells as well as synthetic biology to engineer cell genes and functions, have created the potential to produce patient-specific, biomimetic MPS for detailed mechanistic studies. It is projected that success in the development and maturation of patient-derived MPS with known genotypes and fully matured adult phenotypes will lead to advanced applications in precision medicine. In this Review, we examine human biomimetic liver MPS that are designed to recapitulate the liver acinus structure and functions to enhance our knowledge of the mechanisms of disease progression and of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity of therapeutic candidates and drugs as well as to evaluate their mechanisms of action and their application in precision medicine and preclinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Gough
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alejandro Soto-Gutierrez
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lawrence Vernetti
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mo R Ebrahimkhani
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrew M Stern
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - D Lansing Taylor
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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98
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Esteban J, Sánchez-Pérez I, Hamscher G, Miettinen HM, Korkalainen M, Viluksela M, Pohjanvirta R, Håkansson H. Role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in overall retinoid metabolism: Response comparisons to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure between wild-type and AHR knockout mice. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 101:33-49. [PMID: 33607186 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Young adult wild-type and aryl hydrocarbon receptor knockout (AHRKO) mice of both sexes and the C57BL/6J background were exposed to 10 weekly oral doses of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD; total dose of 200 μg/kg bw) to further characterize the observed impacts of AHR as well as TCDD on the retinoid system. Unexposed AHRKO mice harboured heavier kidneys, lighter livers and lower serum all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and retinol (REOH) concentrations than wild-type mice. Results from the present study also point to a role for the murine AHR in the control of circulating REOH and ATRA concentrations. In wild-type mice, TCDD elevated liver weight and reduced thymus weight, and drastically reduced the hepatic concentrations of 9-cis-4-oxo-13,14-dihydro-retinoic acid (CORA) and retinyl palmitate (REPA). In female wild-type mice, TCDD increased the hepatic concentration of ATRA as well as the renal and circulating REOH concentrations. Renal CORA concentrations were substantially diminished in wild-type male mice exclusively following TCDD-exposure, with a similar tendency in serum. In contrast, TCDD did not affect any of these toxicity or retinoid system parameters in AHRKO mice. Finally, a distinct sex difference occurred in kidney concentrations of all the analysed retinoid forms. Together, these results strengthen the evidence of a mandatory role of AHR in TCDD-induced retinoid disruption, and suggest that the previously reported accumulation of several retinoid forms in the liver of AHRKO mice is a line-specific phenomenon. Our data further support participation of AHR in the control of liver and kidney development in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Esteban
- Instituto De Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández De Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Ismael Sánchez-Pérez
- Instituto De Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández De Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Gerd Hamscher
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Hanna M Miettinen
- School of Pharmacy (Toxicology) and Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Merja Korkalainen
- Environmental Health Unit, Finnish Insitute for Health and Welfare (THL), Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Matti Viluksela
- School of Pharmacy (Toxicology) and Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Environmental Health Unit, Finnish Insitute for Health and Welfare (THL), Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Raimo Pohjanvirta
- Department of Food Hygiene & Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Mustialankatu 1, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Helen Håkansson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Payen VL, Lavergne A, Alevra Sarika N, Colonval M, Karim L, Deckers M, Najimi M, Coppieters W, Charloteaux B, Sokal EM, El Taghdouini A. Single-cell RNA sequencing of human liver reveals hepatic stellate cell heterogeneity. JHEP Rep 2021; 3:100278. [PMID: 34027339 PMCID: PMC8121977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims The multiple vital functions of the human liver are performed by highly specialised parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells organised in complex collaborative sinusoidal units. Although crucial for homeostasis, the cellular make-up of the human liver remains to be fully elucidated. Here, single-cell RNA-sequencing was used to unravel the heterogeneity of human liver cells, in particular of hepatocytes (HEPs) and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Method The transcriptome of ~25,000 freshly isolated human liver cells was profiled using droplet-based RNA-sequencing. Recently published data sets and RNA in situ hybridisation were integrated to validate and locate newly identified cell populations. Results In total, 22 cell populations were annotated that reflected the heterogeneity of human parenchymal and non-parenchymal liver cells. More than 20,000 HEPs were ordered along the portocentral axis to confirm known, and reveal previously undescribed, zonated liver functions. The existence of 2 subpopulations of human HSCs with unique gene expression signatures and distinct intralobular localisation was revealed (i.e. portal and central vein-concentrated GPC3+ HSCs and perisinusoidally located DBH+ HSCs). In particular, these data suggest that, although both subpopulations collaborate in the production and organisation of extracellular matrix, GPC3+ HSCs specifically express genes involved in the metabolism of glycosaminoglycans, whereas DBH+ HSCs display a gene signature that is reminiscent of antigen-presenting cells. Conclusions This study highlights metabolic zonation as a key determinant of HEP transcriptomic heterogeneity and, for the first time, outlines the existence of heterogeneous HSC subpopulations in the human liver. These findings call for further research on the functional implications of liver cell heterogeneity in health and disease. Lay summary This study resolves the cellular landscape of the human liver in an unbiased manner and at high resolution to provide new insights into human liver cell biology. The results highlight the physiological heterogeneity of human hepatic stellate cells. A cell atlas from the near-native transcriptome of >25,000 human liver cells is presented. Hepatocytes were ordered along the portocentral axis to reveal previously undescribed gene expression patterns and zonated liver functions. Two subpopulations of human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are reported, characterised by different spatial distribution in the native tissue. Characteristic gene signatures of HSC subpopulations are suggestive of far-reaching functional differences.
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Key Words
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- CC, cholangiocyte
- CV, central vein
- DEG, differentially expressed gene
- EC, endothelial cell
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- Extracellular matrix
- FFPE, formaldehyde-fixed paraffin embedded
- GAG, glycosaminoglycan
- GEO, Gene Expression Omnibus
- GO, gene ontology
- HEP, hepatocyte
- HLA, human leukocyte antigen
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase
- HSC, hepatic stellate cell
- Hepatocyte
- ISH, in situ hybridisation
- KLR, killer lectin-like receptor
- LP, lymphoid cell
- Liver cell atlas
- MP, macrophage
- MZ, midzonal
- PC, pericentral
- PP, periportal
- PV, portal vein
- TBS, Tris buffered saline
- TSA, tyramide signal amplification
- UMAP, uniform manifold approximation and projection
- UMI, unique molecular identifier
- VIM, vimentin
- Zonation
- scRNA-seq, single-cell RNA-sequencing
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéry L. Payen
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy (PEDI), IREC Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials (ADDB), LDRI Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Lavergne
- Genomics Platform, GIGA Institute, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Niki Alevra Sarika
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy (PEDI), IREC Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials (ADDB), LDRI Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Megan Colonval
- Genomics Platform, GIGA Institute, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Latifa Karim
- Genomics Platform, GIGA Institute, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Manon Deckers
- Genomics Platform, GIGA Institute, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Mustapha Najimi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy (PEDI), IREC Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wouter Coppieters
- Genomics Platform, GIGA Institute, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Etienne M. Sokal
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy (PEDI), IREC Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Corresponding authors. Address: Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy (PEDI), IREC Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 52 Box B1.52.03, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Adil El Taghdouini
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy (PEDI), IREC Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Corresponding authors. Address: Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy (PEDI), IREC Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 52 Box B1.52.03, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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Baquerre C, Montillet G, Pain B. Liver organoids in domestic animals: an expected promise for metabolic studies. Vet Res 2021; 52:47. [PMID: 33736676 PMCID: PMC7977275 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00916-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is one of the most important organs, both in terms of the different metabolic processes (energy, lipid, ferric, uric, etc.) and of its central role in the processes of detoxification of substances of food origin or noxious substances (alcohol, drugs, antibiotics, etc.). The development of a relevant model that reproduces some of the functions of this tissue has become a challenge, in particular for human medicine. Thus, in recent years, most studies aimed at producing hepatocytes in vitro with the goal of developing hepatic 3D structures have been carried out in the human model. However, the tools and protocols developed using this unique model can also be considered to address physiological questions specific to this tissue in other species, such as the pig, chicken, and duck. Different strategies are presently being considered to carry out in vitro studies of the hepatic metabolism of these agronomic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Baquerre
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSERM, INRAE, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, U1208, USC1361, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Guillaume Montillet
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSERM, INRAE, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, U1208, USC1361, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Bertrand Pain
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSERM, INRAE, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, U1208, USC1361, 69500, Bron, France.
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