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Stover EH, Baco MB, Cohen O, Li YY, Christie EL, Bagul M, Goodale A, Lee Y, Pantel S, Rees MG, Wei G, Presser AG, Gelbard MK, Zhang W, Zervantonakis IK, Bhola PD, Ryan J, Guerriero JL, Montero J, Liang FJ, Cherniack AD, Piccioni F, Matulonis UA, Bowtell DDL, Sarosiek KA, Letai A, Garraway LA, Johannessen CM, Meyerson M. Pooled Genomic Screens Identify Anti-apoptotic Genes as Targetable Mediators of Chemotherapy Resistance in Ovarian Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:2281-2293. [PMID: 31462500 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is often sensitive to initial treatment with platinum and taxane combination chemotherapy, but most patients relapse with chemotherapy-resistant disease. To systematically identify genes modulating chemotherapy response, we performed pooled functional genomic screens in HGSOC cell lines treated with cisplatin, paclitaxel, or cisplatin plus paclitaxel. Genes in the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis were among the top candidate resistance genes in both gain-of-function and loss-of-function screens. In an open reading frame overexpression screen, followed by a mini-pool secondary screen, anti-apoptotic genes including BCL2L1 (BCL-XL) and BCL2L2 (BCL-W) were associated with chemotherapy resistance. In a CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screen, loss of BCL2L1 decreased cell survival whereas loss of proapoptotic genes promoted resistance. To dissect the role of individual anti-apoptotic proteins in HGSOC chemotherapy response, we evaluated overexpression or inhibition of BCL-2, BCL-XL, BCL-W, and MCL1 in HGSOC cell lines. Overexpression of anti-apoptotic proteins decreased apoptosis and modestly increased cell viability upon cisplatin or paclitaxel treatment. Conversely, specific inhibitors of BCL-XL, MCL1, or BCL-XL/BCL-2, but not BCL-2 alone, enhanced cell death when combined with cisplatin or paclitaxel. Anti-apoptotic protein inhibitors also sensitized HGSOC cells to the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor olaparib. These unbiased screens highlight anti-apoptotic proteins as mediators of chemotherapy resistance in HGSOC, and support inhibition of BCL-XL and MCL1, alone or combined with chemotherapy or targeted agents, in treatment of primary and recurrent HGSOC. IMPLICATIONS: Anti-apoptotic proteins modulate drug resistance in ovarian cancer, and inhibitors of BCL-XL or MCL1 promote cell death in combination with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth H Stover
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Maria B Baco
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ofir Cohen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Yvonne Y Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth L Christie
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mukta Bagul
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Amy Goodale
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Yenarae Lee
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sasha Pantel
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew G Rees
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Guo Wei
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Adam G Presser
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maya K Gelbard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Weiqun Zhang
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Patrick D Bhola
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeremy Ryan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer L Guerriero
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joan Montero
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felice J Liang
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew D Cherniack
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Federica Piccioni
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ursula A Matulonis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David D L Bowtell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kristopher A Sarosiek
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anthony Letai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Cory M Johannessen
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Wang T, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Wang L, Zhang S, Jia L. Caspase cleavage of Mcl-1 impairs its anti-apoptotic activity and proteasomal degradation in non-small lung cancer cells. Apoptosis 2019; 23:54-64. [PMID: 29256070 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-017-1436-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Global cleavage of cellular proteins by activated caspases is a hallmark of apoptosis, which causes biochemical collapse of the cell. Recent studies suggest that, rather than completely destroying a protein, caspase cleavage can confer novel characteristics or functions. In this respect, the post-caspase role of Bcl-2 family proteins remains uncharacterized. Here, we showed that Mcl-1, a pro-survival member of the Bcl-2 family, was cleaved by caspase-3 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells undergoing chemotherapeutic agent-triggered apoptosis. Caspase cleavage partially impaired the anti-apoptotic activity of Mcl-1 by reducing its mitochondrial localization and impeding its association with the permeability transition pore-forming protein Bak. However, the stability of cleaved Mcl-1 was markedly enhanced because it was more refractory to ubiquitination-dependent proteasomal degradation, thereby improving cell viability to a greater extent than full-length Mcl-1 when transiently expressed in NSCLC cells. These findings shed new light on the role of Mcl-1 in apoptosis and suggest potential novel targets for optimizing the tumoricidal capacity of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zhiwei Yang
- Department of Applied Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yimeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Shengli Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Lintao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Lu P, Bowman KER, Brown SM, Joklik-Mcleod M, Mause ERV, Nguyen HTN, Lim CS. p53-Bad: A Novel Tumor Suppressor/Proapoptotic Factor Hybrid Directed to the Mitochondria for Ovarian Cancer Gene Therapy. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:3386-3398. [PMID: 31241338 PMCID: PMC10760809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Clinical trials involving p53 gene therapy for ovarian cancer failed due to the dominant negative inhibition of wild-type p53 and multiple genetic aberrations in ovarian cancer. To overcome this problem, we have designed a more potent chimeric gene fusion, called p53-Bad, that combines p53 with the mitochondrial pro-apoptotic factor Bad. Unlike wild-type p53, which acts as a nuclear transcription factor, this novel p53-Bad construct has multiple unique mechanisms of action including a direct and rapid apoptotic effect at the mitochondria. The mitochondrial localization, transcription activity, and apoptotic activity of the constructs were tested. The results suggest that p53 can be effectively targeted to the mitochondria by controlling the phosphorylation of pro-apoptotic Bad, which can only localize to the mitochondria when Ser-112 and Ser-136 of Bad are unphosphorylated. By introducing S112A and S136A mutations, p53-Bad fusion cannot be phosphorylated at these two sites and always localizes to the mitochondria. p53-Bad constructs also have superior activity over p53 and Bad alone. The apoptotic activity is consistent in many ovarian cancer cell lines regardless of the endogenous p53 status. Both p53 and the BH3 domain of Bad contribute to the superior activity of p53-Bad. Our data suggests that p53-Bad fusions are capable of inducing apoptosis and should be further pursued for gene therapy for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phong Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Katherine E. Redd Bowman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Sarah M. Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Madeline Joklik-Mcleod
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Erica R. Vander Mause
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Han T. N. Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Carol S. Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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54
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Yang S, Chu S, Gao Y, Ai Q, Liu Y, Li X, Chen N. A Narrative Review of Cancer-Related Fatigue (CRF) and Its Possible Pathogenesis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070738. [PMID: 31323874 PMCID: PMC6679212 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cancer patients suffer from severe fatigue when treated with chemotherapy or radiotherapy; however, the etiology and pathogenesis of this kind of fatigue remains unknown. Fatigue is associated with cancer itself, as well as adjuvant therapies and can persist for a long time. Cancer patients present a high degree of fatigue, which dramatically affects the quality of their everyday life. There are various clinical research studies and reviews that aimed to explore the mechanisms of cancer-related fatigue (CRF). However, there are certain limitations in these studies: For example, some studies have only blood biochemical texts without histopathological examination, and there has been insufficient systemic evaluation of the dynamic changes in relevant indexes. Thus, we present this narrative review to summarize previous studies on CRF and explore promising research directions. Plenty of evidence suggests a possible association between CRF and physiological dysfunction, including skeletal muscular and mitochondrial dysfunction, peripheral immune activation and inflammation dysfunction, as well as central nervous system (CNS) disorder. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), mitochondrial structure, oxidative pressure, and some active factors such as ATP play significant roles that lead to the induction of CRF. Meanwhile, several pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the peripheral system, even in the CNS, significantly contribute to the occurrence of CRF. Moreover, CNS function disorders, such as neuropeptide, neurotransmitter, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction, tend to amplify the sense of fatigue in cancer patients through various signaling pathways. There have been few accurate animal models established to further explore the molecular mechanisms of CRF due to different types of cancer, adjuvant therapy schedules, living environments, and physical status. It is imperative to develop appropriate animal models that can mimic human CRF and to explore additional mechanisms using histopathological and biochemical methods. Therefore, the main purpose of this review is to analyze the possible pathogenesis of CRF and recommend future research that will clarify CRF pathogenesis and facilitate the formulation of new treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songwei Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medical, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shifeng Chu
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medical, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medical, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qidi Ai
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medical, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yingjiao Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medical, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xun Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medical, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Naihong Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medical, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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55
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The Mitochondrion as an Emerging Therapeutic Target in Cancer. Trends Mol Med 2019; 26:119-134. [PMID: 31327706 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria have emerged as important pharmacological targets because of their key role in cellular proliferation and death. In tumor tissues, mitochondria can switch metabolic phenotypes to meet the challenges of high energy demand and macromolecular synthesis. Furthermore, mitochondria can engage in crosstalk with the tumor microenvironment, and signals from cancer-associated fibroblasts can impinge on mitochondria. Cancer cells can also acquire a hybrid phenotype in which both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) can be utilized. This hybrid phenotype can facilitate metabolic plasticity of cancer cells more specifically in metastasis and therapy-resistance. In light of the metabolic heterogeneity and plasticity of cancer cells that had until recently remained unappreciated, strategies targeting cancer metabolic dependency appear to be promising in the development of novel and effective cancer therapeutics.
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56
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Hughes JH, Ewy JM, Chen J, Wong SY, Tharp KM, Stahl A, Kumar S. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that BMP4 sensitizes glioblastoma tumor-initiating cells to mechanical cues. Matrix Biol 2019; 85-86:112-127. [PMID: 31189077 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The poor prognosis of glioblastoma (GBM) is associated with a highly invasive stem-like subpopulation of tumor-initiating cells (TICs), which drive recurrence and contribute to intra-tumoral heterogeneity through differentiation. These TICs are better able to escape extracellular matrix-imposed mechanical restrictions on invasion than their more differentiated progeny, and sensitization of TICs to extracellular matrix mechanics extends survival in preclinical models of GBM. However, little is known about the molecular basis of the relationship between TIC differentiation and mechanotransduction. Here we explore this relationship through a combination of transcriptomic analysis and studies with defined-stiffness matrices. We show that TIC differentiation induced by bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) suppresses expression of proteins relevant to extracellular matrix signaling and sensitizes TIC spreading to matrix stiffness. Moreover, our findings point towards a previously unappreciated connection between BMP4-induced differentiation, mechanotransduction, and metabolism. Notably, stiffness and differentiation modulate oxygen consumption, and inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation influences cell spreading in a stiffness- and differentiation-dependent manner. Our work integrates bioinformatic analysis with targeted molecular measurements and perturbations to yield new insight into how morphogen-induced differentiation influences how GBM TICs process mechanical inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine H Hughes
- UC Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jeanette M Ewy
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Joseph Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sophie Y Wong
- UC Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kevin M Tharp
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94720, USA
| | - Andreas Stahl
- UC Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering; Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- UC Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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57
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Guo W, Dong W, Li M, Shen Y. Mitochondria P-glycoprotein confers paclitaxel resistance on ovarian cancer cells. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:3881-3891. [PMID: 31190887 PMCID: PMC6529025 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s193433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Subcellular expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) may play an essential role in multidrug resistance (MDR) in many cancers. However, the mitochondria expression and functional activity of P-gp in ovarian cancer are still unclear. In this study, we isolated mitochondria from A2780 cell line and its paclitaxel-resistant subline A2780T and investigated the expression and function of mitochondria P-gp. Methods: Immunocytochemistry was used to evaluate P-gp expression and subcellular localization in cancer cells. Immunofluorescence and laser confocal microscopy were used to detect the co-localization of P-gp and mitochondria both in ovarian cancer tissues and in cell lines. Western blotting (WB), transmission electron microscopy and JC-1 kit were used to evaluate the purity, integrity and activity of the isolated mitochondria. P-gp expression in the whole cell and the isolated mitochondria was evaluated by WB. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the efflux function of mitochondria P-gp. Results: P-gp expression was detected at the membrane, cytoplasm and nuclei of the A2780T cells, but not in the A2780 cells. Co-localization of P-gp and mitochondria was observed in the A2780T cell line and ovarian cancer tissues, but not in A2780 cells. The purity, integration and activity of the isolated mitochondria are high. P-gp was highly expressed in the A2780T cells and the isolated mitochondria, but was not found in A2780 cells. Rho123 efflux rate was significantly increased in isolated A2780T mitochondria compared to those in A2780 (43.2% vs 9.6%), but it was partly reversed by cyclosporin A (CsA, a P-gp inhibitor). Conclusion: P-gp is highly expressed in mitochondria of taxol-resistant ovarian cancer cells and ovarian cancer tissues and mediates the drug efflux, which probably protect cancer cells from chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Weihong Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
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58
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Starenki D, Sosonkina N, Hong SK, Lloyd RV, Park JI. Mortalin (GRP75/HSPA9) Promotes Survival and Proliferation of Thyroid Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092069. [PMID: 31027376 PMCID: PMC6540051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that upregulation of mortalin (HSPA9/GRP75), the mitochondrial HSP70 chaperone, facilitates tumor cell proliferation and survival in human medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), proposing mortalin as a novel therapeutic target for MTC. In this report, we show that mortalin is also upregulated in other thyroid tumor types, including papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), and that mortalin depletion can effectively induce growth arrest and cell death in human PTC (TPC-1), FTC (FTC133), and ATC (8505C and C643) cells in culture. Intriguingly, mortalin depletion induced varied effects on cell cycle arrest (G0/G1 phase arrest in TPC-1 and C643, G2/M phase arrest in 8505C, and mild G2/M phase arrest with increased sub-G0/G1 population in FTC133) and on the levels of TP53, E2F-1, p21CIP1, p27KIP1, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage in these cells, suggesting that thyroid tumor cells respond to mortalin depletion in a cell type-specific manner. In these cells, we also determined the efficacy of triphenyl-phosphonium-carboxy-proxyl (Mito-CP) because this mitochondria-targeted metabolism interfering agent exhibited similar tumor suppressive effects as mortalin depletion in MTC cells. Indeed, Mito-CP also induced robust caspase-dependent apoptosis in PTC and ATC cell lines in vitro, exhibiting IC50 lower than PLX4032 in 8505C cells and IC50 lower than vandetanib and cabozantinib in TPC-1 cells. Intriguingly, Mito-CP-induced cell death was partially rescued by mortalin overexpression, suggesting that Mito-CP may inactivate a mechanism that requires mortalin function. These findings support the significance of mortalin and mitochondrial activity in a broad spectrum of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro Starenki
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Nadiya Sosonkina
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Seung-Keun Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
| | - Ricardo V Lloyd
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
| | - Jong-In Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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59
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Spetz J, Langen B, Rudqvist NP, Parris TZ, Shubbar E, Dalmo J, Wängberg B, Nilsson O, Helou K, Forssell-Aronsson E. Transcriptional effects of 177Lu-octreotate therapy using a priming treatment schedule on GOT1 tumor in nude mice. EJNMMI Res 2019; 9:28. [PMID: 30895393 PMCID: PMC6426909 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-019-0500-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 177Lu-octreotate is used for therapy of somatostatin receptor expressing neuroendocrine tumors with promising results, although complete tumor remission is rarely seen. Previous studies on nude mice bearing the human small intestine neuroendocrine tumor, GOT1, have shown that a priming injection of 177Lu-octreotate 24 h before the main injection of 177Lu-octreotate resulted in higher 177Lu concentration in tumor, resulting in increased absorbed dose, volume reduction, and time to regrowth. To our knowledge, the cellular effects of a priming treatment schedule have not yet been studied. The aim of this study was to identify transcriptional changes contributing to the enhanced therapeutic response of GOT1 tumors in nude mice to 177Lu-octreotate therapy with priming, compared with non-curative monotherapy. RESULTS RNA microarray analysis was performed on tumor samples from GOT1-bearing BALB/c nude mice treated with a 5 MBq priming injection of 177Lu-octreotate followed by a second injection of 10 MBq of 177Lu-octreotate after 24 h and killed after 1, 3, 7, and 41 days after the last injection. Administered activity amounts were chosen to be non-curative, in order to facilitate the study of tumor regression and regrowth. Differentially regulated transcripts (RNA samples from treated vs. untreated animals) were identified (change ≥ 1.5-fold; adjusted p value < 0.01) using Nexus Expression 3.0. Analysis of the biological effects of transcriptional regulation was performed using the Gene Ontology database and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Transcriptional analysis of the tumors revealed two stages of pathway regulation for the priming schedule (up to 1 week and around 1 month) which differed distinctly from cellular responses observed after monotherapy. Induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptotic pathways (intrinsic and extrinsic) was found at early time points after treatment start, while downregulation of pro-proliferative genes were found at a late time point. CONCLUSIONS The present study indicates increased cellular stress responses in the tumors treated with a priming treatment schedule compared with those seen after conventional 177Lu-octreotate monotherapy, resulting in a more profound initiation of cell cycle arrest followed by apoptosis, as well as effects on PI3K/AKT-signaling and unfolded protein response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Spetz
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gula Stråket 2B, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Britta Langen
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gula Stråket 2B, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nils-Petter Rudqvist
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gula Stråket 2B, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Toshima Z Parris
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emman Shubbar
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gula Stråket 2B, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johanna Dalmo
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gula Stråket 2B, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bo Wängberg
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ola Nilsson
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Khalil Helou
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Forssell-Aronsson
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gula Stråket 2B, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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60
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Ion Channels: New Actors Playing in Chemotherapeutic Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030376. [PMID: 30884858 PMCID: PMC6468599 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In the battle against cancer cells, therapeutic modalities are drastically limited by intrinsic or acquired drug resistance. Resistance to therapy is not only common, but expected: if systemic agents used for cancer treatment are usually active at the beginning of therapy (i.e., 90% of primary breast cancers and 50% of metastases), about 30% of patients with early-stage breast cancer will have recurrent disease. Altered expression of ion channels is now considered as one of the hallmarks of cancer, and several ion channels have been linked to cancer cell resistance. While ion channels have been associated with cell death, apoptosis and even chemoresistance since the late 80s, the molecular mechanisms linking ion channel expression and/or function with chemotherapy have mostly emerged in the last ten years. In this review, we will highlight the relationships between ion channels and resistance to chemotherapy, with a special emphasis on the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Abstract
Ferroptosis is a nonapoptotic, iron-dependent form of cell death that can be activated in cancer cells by natural stimuli and synthetic agents. Three essential hallmarks define ferroptosis, namely: the loss of lipid peroxide repair capacity by the phospholipid hydroperoxidase GPX4, the availability of redox-active iron, and oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-containing phospholipids. Several processes including RAS/MAPK signaling, amino acid and iron metabolism, ferritinophagy, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cell adhesion, and mevalonate and phospholipid biosynthesis can modulate susceptibility to ferroptosis. Ferroptosis sensitivity is also governed by p53 and KEAP1/NRF2 activity, linking ferroptosis to the function of key tumor suppressor pathways. Together these findings highlight the role of ferroptosis as an emerging concept in cancer biology and an attractive target for precision cancer medicine discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J. Dixon
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Brent R. Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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Singh R, Letai A, Sarosiek K. Regulation of apoptosis in health and disease: the balancing act of BCL-2 family proteins. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2019; 20:175-193. [PMID: 30655609 PMCID: PMC7325303 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-018-0089-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1119] [Impact Index Per Article: 223.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The loss of vital cells within healthy tissues contributes to the development, progression and treatment outcomes of many human disorders, including neurological and infectious diseases as well as environmental and medical toxicities. Conversely, the abnormal survival and accumulation of damaged or superfluous cells drive prominent human pathologies such as cancers and autoimmune diseases. Apoptosis is an evolutionarily conserved cell death pathway that is responsible for the programmed culling of cells during normal eukaryotic development and maintenance of organismal homeostasis. This pathway is controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins, which contains both pro-apoptotic and pro-survival members that balance the decision between cellular life and death. Recent insights into the dynamic interactions between BCL-2 family proteins and how they control apoptotic cell death in healthy and diseased cells have uncovered novel opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Importantly, the development of both positive and negative small-molecule modulators of apoptosis is now enabling researchers to translate the discoveries that have been made in the laboratory into clinical practice to positively impact human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumani Singh
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Lab for Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anthony Letai
- Lab for Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Kristopher Sarosiek
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Lab for Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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63
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Olivas-Aguirre M, Pottosin I, Dobrovinskaya O. Mitochondria as emerging targets for therapies against T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 105:935-946. [PMID: 30698851 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5vmr0818-330rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) comprises a heterogeneous group of hematologic malignancies, arising from diverse genetic alterations in the early lymphocyte development. T-cell subtype of ALL (T-ALL) accounts for about 15% and 25% of ALL in children and adults, respectively. Being less frequent among ALL subtypes, T-ALL represents a high-risk factor for poor prognosis due to its aggressiveness and resistance to common antileukemic drugs. Mitochondria were widely explored recently as a target for anticancer treatment because they are involved in a metabolic reprogramming of a cancer cell and play key roles in reactive oxygen species generation, Ca2+ signaling, and cell death induction. Accordingly, a new class of anticancer compounds named mitocans has been developed, which target mitochondria at distinct crucial points to promote their dysfunction and subsequent cell death. The present review analyses the role of mitochondria in malignant reprogramming and emerging therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondria as an "Achilles' heel" in T-ALL, with an emphasis on BH3 mimetics, sequestering pro-survival BCL proteins and voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC)1-directed drugs, which promote the suppression of aerobic glycolysis, VDAC1 closure, mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, stoppage of the oxidative phosphorylation, oxidative stress, and release of proapoptotic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Olivas-Aguirre
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Igor Pottosin
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Oxana Dobrovinskaya
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
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64
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Fraser C, Ryan J, Sarosiek K. BH3 Profiling: A Functional Assay to Measure Apoptotic Priming and Dependencies. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1877:61-76. [PMID: 30535998 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8861-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis (programmed cell death) is activated by a wide variety of cellular stresses or insults and is vital for proper mammalian development as well as the maintenance of organismal homeostasis. The apoptosis pathway is also engaged by many common types of anticancer therapies and ionizing radiation, which contributes to the regressions of tumors or the toxic side effects of treatment. Due to the importance of maintaining healthy cell survival or the efficient clearance of cancer cells, the BH3 profiling assay was developed to functionally measure the state of the apoptosis pathway in any given cells. This assay involves the exposure of cellular mitochondria, where the BCL-2 family of proteins resides and controls the commitment to apoptosis, to proapoptotic BH3 peptides that mimic the activity of endogenous proapoptotic proteins. By using either activator or sensitizer peptides, the level of mitochondrial apoptotic priming (proximity to the threshold at which a cell commits to cell death) or dependence on prosurvival BCL-2 family proteins can be determined. Described here are two methods of BH3 profiling that can enable a user to make these functional measurements, which can be useful for predicting cellular responses to proapoptotic stressors or therapeutics (BH3 mimetics) that inhibit the activity of prosurvival proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Fraser
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeremy Ryan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristopher Sarosiek
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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65
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LeBlanc L, Lee BK, Yu AC, Kim M, Kambhampati AV, Dupont SM, Seruggia D, Ryu BU, Orkin SH, Kim J. Yap1 safeguards mouse embryonic stem cells from excessive apoptosis during differentiation. eLife 2018; 7:40167. [PMID: 30561326 PMCID: PMC6307859 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately, 30% of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) die after exiting self-renewal, but regulators of this process are not well known. Yap1 is a Hippo pathway transcriptional effector that plays numerous roles in development and cancer. However, its functions in ESC differentiation remain poorly characterized. We first reveal that ESCs lacking Yap1 experience massive cell death upon the exit from self-renewal. We subsequently show that Yap1 contextually protects differentiating, but not self-renewing, ESC from hyperactivation of the apoptotic cascade. Mechanistically, Yap1 strongly activates anti-apoptotic genes via cis-regulatory elements while mildly suppressing pro-apoptotic genes, which moderates the level of mitochondrial priming that occurs during differentiation. Individually modulating the expression of single apoptosis-related genes targeted by Yap1 is sufficient to augment or hinder survival during differentiation. Our demonstration of the context-dependent pro-survival functions of Yap1 during ESC differentiation contributes to our understanding of the balance between survival and death during cell fate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy LeBlanc
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States.,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
| | - Bum-Kyu Lee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States.,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
| | - Andy C Yu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
| | - Mijeong Kim
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States.,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
| | - Aparna V Kambhampati
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
| | - Shannon M Dupont
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
| | - Davide Seruggia
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI), Boston, United States
| | - Byoung U Ryu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
| | - Stuart H Orkin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, United States.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI), Boston, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Jonghwan Kim
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States.,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States
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Liu CC, Lin WW, Wu CC, Hsu SL, Wang CY, Chung JG, Chiang CS. Lauryl Gallate Induces Apoptotic Cell Death through Caspase-dependent Pathway in U87 Human Glioblastoma Cells In Vitro. In Vivo 2018; 32:1119-1127. [PMID: 30150434 PMCID: PMC6199588 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The treatment of human glioma tumor is still an unmet medical need. Natural products are always promising resources for discovery of anticancer drugs. Lauryl gallate (LG) is one of the derivatives of gallic acid, widely present in plants, that has been shown to induce anticancer activities in many human cancer cell lines; however, it has not been studied in human glioma cell lines. Thus, the effects of LG on human glioblastoma U87 cells were investigated in the present in vitro study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell morphology and viability were examined by phase-contrast microscopy. Annexin V/Propidium iodide (PI) double staining were performed and assayed by flow cytometry to confirm that viable cell number reduction was due to the induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, U87 cells were exposed to LG in various concentrations and were analyzed by caspase activity assay. To further confirm that LG induced apoptotic cell death, the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins in LG-treated U87 cells was tested by western blot. RESULTS LG induced morphological changes and decreased viability in U87 cells. Annexin V/PI double staining revealed that LG induced apoptotic cell death in U87 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The increased activities of caspase-2, -3, -8 and -9 demonstrated that LG induced U87 cell apoptosis through a caspase-dependent pathway. In terms of molecular level, LG increased pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bak and decreased anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in U87 cells. Furthermore, LG also suppressed the expression of p-Akt, Pak1, Hif-1α and Hif-2α, β-catenin and Tcf-1 in U87 cells. CONCLUSION These results suggest that LG induced apoptotic cell death via the caspase-dependent pathway in U87 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chi Liu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Wen Lin
- Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Chi Wu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Lan Hsu
- Department of Education & Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Yen Wang
- Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Shiun Chiang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C.
- Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Li QC, Xu H, Wang X, Wang T, Wu J. miR-34a increases cisplatin sensitivity of osteosarcoma cells in vitro through up-regulation of c-Myc and Bim signal. Cancer Biomark 2018; 21:135-144. [PMID: 29060932 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy in bone. Patients who respond poorly to induction chemotherapy are at higher risk of adverse prognosis. The molecular basis for such poor prognosis remains unclear. Recently, increasing evidence has suggested decreased expression of miR-34a is observed in a number of cancer types, including human osteosarcoma, and decreased miR-34a is involved in drug resistance. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of decreased miR-34a on cisplatin chemoresistance in osteosarcoma has not been reported. METHODS Osteosarcoma U2OS cells were transfected with miR-34a mimics for 48 h, then the cells were treated with 3.0 μm cisplatin for 24 h. Using siRNA targeting c-Myc and Bim to examine the relation between miR-34a, c-Myc and Bim expression exposure to cisplatin on cisplatin-induced apoptosis. RESULTS Treatment of U2OS cells with cisplatin induced cell apoptosis by upregulation of c-Myc -dependent Bim expression; Osteosarcoma U2OS cells transfected with miR-34a mimics (miR-34a/U2OS) induced cell apoptosis and inhibited cell survival, and increased the sensitivity of U2OS cells to cisplatin. U2OS cells transfected with miR-34a mimics upregulated the protein expression of c-Myc and Bim. Targeting c-Myc downregulated the expression of Bim in the miR-34a/U2OS cells. In addition, Targeting Bim reversed the chemeresistance of miR-34a/U2OS cells to cisplatin. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicated that miR-34a enhanced the sensitivity to cisplatin by upregulation of c-Myc and Bim pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Cai Li
- Department of Traumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Department of Traumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Department of Hemopurification Center, Yantaiyuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China.,Department of Traumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Traumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Department of Traumatology, The Central Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Traumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Department of Hemopurification Center, Yantaiyuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
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68
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Timucin AC, Basaga H, Kutuk O. Selective targeting of antiapoptotic BCL-2 proteins in cancer. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:146-175. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Can Timucin
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Uskudar University; Uskudar Istanbul Turkey
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program; Sabanci University; Tuzla Istanbul Turkey
| | - Huveyda Basaga
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program; Sabanci University; Tuzla Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ozgur Kutuk
- Department of Medical Genetics; Adana Medical and Research Center; School of Medicine, Baskent University; Yuregir Adana Turkey
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Karakas B, Ozmay Y, Basaga H, Gul O, Kutuk O. Distinct apoptotic blocks mediate resistance to panHER inhibitors in HER2+ breast cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1073-1087. [PMID: 29733883 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite the development of novel targeted therapies, de novo or acquired chemoresistance remains a significant factor for treatment failure in breast cancer therapeutics. Neratinib and dacomitinib are irreversible panHER inhibitors, which block their autophosphorylation and downstream signaling. Moreover, neratinib and dacomitinib have been shown to activate cell death in HER2-overexpressing cell lines. Here we showed that increased MCL1 and decreased BIM and PUMA mediated resistance to neratinib in ZR-75-30 and SKBR3 cells while increased BCL-XL and BCL-2 and decreased BIM and PUMA promoted neratinib resistance in BT474 cells. Cells were also cross-resistant to dacomitinib. BH3 profiles of HER2+ breast cancer cells efficiently predicted antiapoptotic protein dependence and development of resistance to panHER inhibitors. Reactivation of ERK1/2 was primarily responsible for acquired resistance in SKBR3 and ZR-75-30 cells. Adding specific ERK1/2 inhibitor SCH772984 to neratinib or dacomitinib led to increased apoptotic response in neratinib-resistant SKBR3 and ZR-75-30 cells, but we did not detect a similar response in neratinib-resistant BT474 cells. Accordingly, suppression of BCL-2/BCL-XL by ABT-737 was required in addition to ERK1/2 inhibition for neratinib- or dacomitinib-induced apoptosis in neratinib-resistant BT474 cells. Our results showed that different mitochondrial apoptotic blocks mediated acquired panHER inhibitor resistance in HER2+ breast cancer cell lines as well as highlighted the potential of BH3 profiling assay in prediction of panHER inhibitor resistance in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahriye Karakas
- Sabanci University, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Ozmay
- Baskent University School of Medicine, Dept. of Medical Genetics, Adana Dr. Turgut Noyan Medical and Research Center, Adana, Turkey
| | - Huveyda Basaga
- Sabanci University, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Gul
- Bilgi University, Dept. of Genetics and Bioengineering, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Kutuk
- Baskent University School of Medicine, Dept. of Medical Genetics, Adana Dr. Turgut Noyan Medical and Research Center, Adana, Turkey.
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Isorhamnetin: A hepatoprotective flavonoid inhibits apoptosis and autophagy via P38/PPAR-α pathway in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:800-811. [PMID: 29684859 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Isorhamnetin, a flavonoid compound extracted from plants' fruit or leaves, like sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.), has many biological functions, including anti-tumor, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effect. The present study is in order to explore the hepatoprotective effect of isorhamnetin on concanavalin A (ConA)-induced acute fulminant hepatitis and the underlying mechanism. Mice were injected with ConA (25 mg/kg) to induce acute fulminant hepatitis, three doses of isorhamnetin (10/30/90 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administrated about 1 h previously. The serum and liver tissues were harvested at 2, 8, and 24 h after ConA injection. The levels of serum liver enzymes and proinflammatory cytokines were significantly reduced in isorhamnetin administration groups. Besides, isorhamnetin improved pathological damage. Furthermore, isorhamnetin affected P38/PPAR-α pathway, and subsequently regulated the expression of apoptosis and autophagy related proteins. The present study investigated that isorhamnetin inhibits apoptosis and autophagy via P38/PPAR-α pathway in mice.
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71
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Bao R, Xu P, Wang Y, Wang J, Xiao L, Li G, Zhang C. Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells transplantation rescues premature ovarian insufficiency induced by chemotherapy. Gynecol Endocrinol 2018; 34:320-326. [PMID: 29073798 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2017.1393661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is an important cause of infertility and also cause menopausal symptoms, which greatly reduced the quality of life for women. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), as an important strategy, improved the quality of life for patients, however, the role of HRT in promoting fertility remains controversial. Therefore, seeking an optimal regime for POI becomes more urgent. In this study, we established POI model induced by CTX and BUS and utilized bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) transplantation to treat the POI. We found that the decrease of estrogen and the increase of FSH induced by administration of CTX and BUS were rescued by BM-MSC transplantation. H&E staining and TUNEL assay showed that there were more healthy ovarian follicles and less apoptosis of ovarian cells after treatment with BM-MSCs. Further studies showed that there was an obvious decrease of Bax, p53, and p21 after transplantation, however, CyclinD2 was increased. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that BM-MSCs could restore injured ovarian function. Inhibiting apoptosis and promoting residual ovarian cell proliferation may contribute to the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riqiang Bao
- a Joint Programme of Nanchang University and Queen Mary University of London , Nanchang , Jiangxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Xu
- b Second Clinical College , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Yishu Wang
- a Joint Programme of Nanchang University and Queen Mary University of London , Nanchang , Jiangxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- c Department of Microbiology , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xiao
- d Department of Cell Biology School of Medicine , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- d Department of Cell Biology School of Medicine , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Chunping Zhang
- d Department of Cell Biology School of Medicine , Nanchang University , Nanchang , Jiangxi , People's Republic of China
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Spetz J, Moslehi J, Sarosiek K. Radiation-Induced Cardiovascular Toxicity: Mechanisms, Prevention, and Treatment. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE 2018; 20:31. [PMID: 29556748 PMCID: PMC7325164 DOI: 10.1007/s11936-018-0627-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Ionizing radiation is a highly effective treatment for a wide range of malignancies, yet the cardiovascular (CV) toxicity that can result from chest radiotherapy impairs the long-term health of cancer survivors and can be a limiting factor for its use. Despite over 100 years of successful clinical use, the mechanisms by which high-energy photons damage critical components within cells of the heart's myocardium, pericardium, vasculature, and valves remain unclear. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies exploring the acute and chronic effects of radiation therapy on cardiac and vascular tissue have provided new insights into the development and progression of heart disease, including the identification and understanding of age- and complication-associated risk factors. However, key questions relating to the connection from upstream signaling to fibrotic changes remain. In addition, advances in the delivery of chest radiotherapy have helped to limit heart exposure and damage, but additional refinements to delivery techniques and cardioprotective therapeutics are absolutely necessary to reduce patient mortality and morbidity. Radiation therapy (RT)-driven CV toxicity remains a major issue for cancer survivors and more research is needed to define the precise mechanisms of toxicity. However, recent findings provide meaningful insights that may help improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Spetz
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 220 Longwood Avenue, Goldenson 553, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Javid Moslehi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Cardio-Oncology Program, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kristopher Sarosiek
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 220 Longwood Avenue, Goldenson 553, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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73
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Chemotherapeutic Drugs and Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Focus on Doxorubicin, Trastuzumab, and Sunitinib. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:7582730. [PMID: 29743983 PMCID: PMC5878876 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7582730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many cancer therapies produce toxic side effects whose molecular mechanisms await full elucidation. The most feared and studied side effect of chemotherapeutic drugs is cardiotoxicity. Also, skeletal muscle physiology impairment has been recorded after many chemotherapeutical treatments. However, only doxorubicin has been extensively studied for its side effects on skeletal muscle. Chemotherapeutic-induced adverse side effects are, in many cases, mediated by mitochondrial damage. In particular, trastuzumab and sunitinib toxicity is mainly associated with mitochondria impairment and is mostly reversible. Vice versa, doxorubicin-induced toxicity not only includes mitochondria damage but can also lead to a more robust and extensive cell injury which is often irreversible and lethal. Drugs interfering with mitochondrial functionality determine the depletion of ATP reservoirs and lead to subsequent reversible contractile dysfunction. Mitochondrial damage includes the impairment of the respiratory chain and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential with subsequent disruption of cellular energetic. In a context of increased stress, AMPK has a key role in maintaining energy homeostasis, and inhibition of the AMPK pathway is one of the proposed mechanisms possibly mediating mitochondrial toxicity due to chemotherapeutics. Therapies targeting and protecting cell metabolism and energy management might be useful tools in protecting muscular tissues against the toxicity induced by chemotherapeutic drugs.
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74
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Bcl-2 inhibitors as anti-cancer therapeutics: The impact of and on calcium signaling. Cell Calcium 2018; 70:102-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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75
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Li H, Yang X, Wang G, Li X, Tao D, Hu J, Luo X. KDM4B plays an important role in mitochondrial apoptosis by upregulating HAX1 expression in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:57866-57877. [PMID: 27506941 PMCID: PMC5295396 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone methyltransferases and demethylases regulate transcription by altering the epigenetic marks on histones in tumorigenesis. Members of the histone lysine(K)-specific demethylase 4 (KDM4) family are dysregulated in several types of cancer. Here, we report a novel role for KDM4B in mitochondrial apoptosis. In this study, we demonstrate that KDM4B is overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues. Decreased expression of KDM4B significantly promoted apoptosis of CRC cell lines. Moreover, our data indicate that HAX1 is required for KDM4B-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis. The transcription of HAX1 was directly activated by KDM4B. We also show that HAX1 is overexpressed in CRC tissues and is positively correlated with KMD4B expression. Collectively, we demonstrate that KDM4B may play an important role in mitochondrial apoptosis and represent a potential therapeutic cancer target in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijie Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guihua Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolan Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Deding Tao
- Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junbo Hu
- Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuelai Luo
- Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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76
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Inde Z, Dixon SJ. The impact of non-genetic heterogeneity on cancer cell death. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 53:99-114. [PMID: 29250983 PMCID: PMC6089072 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2017.1412395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The goal of cancer chemotherapy is to induce homogeneous cell death within the population of targeted cancer cells. However, no two cells are exactly alike at the molecular level, and sensitivity to drug-induced cell death, therefore, varies within a population. Genetic alterations can contribute to this variability and lead to selection for drug resistant clones. However, there is a growing appreciation for the role of non-genetic variation in producing drug-tolerant cellular states that exhibit reduced sensitivity to cell death for extended periods of time, from hours to weeks. These cellular states may result from individual variation in epigenetics, gene expression, metabolism, and other processes that impact drug mechanism of action or the execution of cell death. Such population-level non-genetic heterogeneity may contribute to treatment failure and provide a cellular "substrate" for the emergence of genetic alterations that confer frank drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zintis Inde
- a Cancer Biology Program , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA
| | - Scott J Dixon
- a Cancer Biology Program , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA
- b Department of Biology , Stanford University , Stanford , CA , USA
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77
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Dai H, Ding H, Peterson KL, Meng XW, Schneider PA, Knorr KLB, Kaufmann SH. Measurement of BH3-only protein tolerance. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:282-293. [PMID: 29053140 PMCID: PMC5762843 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The BCL2 family of proteins regulates cellular life and death decisions. Among BCL2 family members, BH3-only proteins have critical roles by neutralizing antiapoptotic family members, as well as directly activating BAX and BAK. Despite widespread occurrence of BH3-only protein upregulation in response to various stresses, this process is rarely quantified. Moreover, it is unclear whether all BH3-only proteins are equipotent at inducing cell death. Here we show that BH3-only proteins increase as much as 15- to 20-fold after various treatments and define a parameter, termed BH3-only tolerance, which measures how many copies of a particular BH3-only protein can be expressed before the majority of cells in a population undergo apoptosis. We not only assess the relative contributions of anti- and proapoptotic BCL2 family members to BH3-only tolerance, but also illustrate how the study of this parameter can be used to understand cellular sensitivity to anticancer drugs and new combinations. These observations provide a new quantitative framework for assessing apoptotic susceptibility under various conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Dai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei,China
- Cancer Hospital, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Husheng Ding
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kevin L Peterson
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - X Wei Meng
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Paula A Schneider
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Katherine L B Knorr
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Scott H Kaufmann
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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78
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Márquez-Jurado S, Díaz-Colunga J, das Neves RP, Martinez-Lorente A, Almazán F, Guantes R, Iborra FJ. Mitochondrial levels determine variability in cell death by modulating apoptotic gene expression. Nat Commun 2018; 9:389. [PMID: 29374163 PMCID: PMC5785974 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02787-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fractional killing is the main cause of tumour resistance to chemotherapy. This phenomenon is observed even in genetically identical cancer cells in homogeneous microenvironments. To understand this variable resistance, here we investigate the individual responses to TRAIL in a clonal population of HeLa cells using live-cell microscopy and computational modelling. We show that the cellular mitochondrial content determines the apoptotic fate and modulates the time to death, cells with higher mitochondrial content are more prone to die. We find that all apoptotic protein levels are modulated by the mitochondrial content. Modelling the apoptotic network, we demonstrate that these correlations, and especially the differential control of anti- and pro-apoptotic protein pairs, confer mitochondria a powerful discriminatory capacity of apoptotic fate. We find a similar correlation between the mitochondria and apoptotic proteins in colon cancer biopsies. Our results reveal a different role of mitochondria in apoptosis as the global regulator of apoptotic protein expression. It is unclear what causes variation in cell death in response to chemotherapy. Here, the authors show that cellular mitochondrial content modulates apoptotic protein levels, which in turn regulates response to agents such as TRAIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Márquez-Jurado
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Díaz-Colunga
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Pires das Neves
- UC-Biotech, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Biocant, Center of Innovation in Biotechnology, 3060-197, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Antonio Martinez-Lorente
- Department of Pathology of Torrevieja and Vinalopó Hospitals, 031186, Alicante, Spain.,Biotechnology Department, Universidad de Alicante, 03690, San Vicente del Raspeig Alicante, Spain
| | - Fernando Almazán
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Guantes
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Materials Science Institute "Nicolás Cabrera" and Institute of Condensed Matter Physics (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Iborra
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain. .,Program for Systems Biology of Molecular Interactions and Regulation, Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Campus Burjassot/Paterna Parc Cientific, 46980, Valencia, Spain.
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79
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Cambogin exerts anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on breast adenocarcinoma through the induction of NADPH oxidase 1 and the alteration of mitochondrial morphology and dynamics. Oncotarget 2018; 7:50596-50611. [PMID: 27418140 PMCID: PMC5226606 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cambogin, a bioactive polycyclic polyprenylated acylphoroglucinol (PPAP) derived from the Garcinia genus, possesses proapoptotic effect in medulloblastoma and breast cancer cells. We have previously demonstrated that the proapoptotic effect of cambogin is driven by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here we have shown that the inhibitory effect of cambogin on cell proliferation is associated with the loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) and mitochondrial fragmentation. Cambogin also promotes the mutual complex formation of the membrane-bound subunit p22phox of NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1), as well as the phosphorylation of the cytosolic subunit p47phox, subsequently enhancing membrane-bound NOX1 activity, which leads to increases in intracellular and mitochondrial levels of O2.- and H2O2. Pharmacological inhibition of NOX1 using apocynin (pan-NOX inhibitor), ML171 (NOX1 inhibitor) or siRNA against NOX1 prevents the increases in O2.- and H2O2 levels and the anti-proliferative effect of cambogin. Antioxidants, including SOD (superoxide dismutase), CAT (catalase) and EUK-8, are also able to restore cell viability in the presence of cambogin. Besides, cambogin increases the dissociation of thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) from ASK1, switching the inactive form of ASK1 to the active kinase, subsequently leads to the phosphorylation of JNK/SAPK, which is abolished upon ML171 treatment. The proapoptotic effect of cambogin in breast cancer cells is also aggravated upon knocking down Trx1 in MCF-7 cells. Taken in conjunction, these data indicate that the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effect of cambogin is mediated via inducing NOX1-dependent ROS production and the dissociation of ASK1 and Trx1.
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80
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Bielecka-Wajdman AM, Ludyga T, Machnik G, Gołyszny M, Obuchowicz E. Tricyclic Antidepressants Modulate Stressed Mitochondria in Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells. Cancer Control 2018; 25:1073274818798594. [PMID: 30213208 PMCID: PMC6144521 DOI: 10.1177/1073274818798594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A common feature of solid tumors, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is mitochondrial dysfunction. However, it is reported that the current standard of anti-GBM therapies may potentiate mitochondrial damage and, in effect, support the aggressive character of cancer. As mitochondria are implicated in the modulation of cellular drug sensitivity and chemoresistance mechanisms, activation-stressed mitochondria in GBM cells may represent a new target for anti-GBM therapy that is nontoxic for normal cells. METHODS As mitochondria are possible targets for antidepressant drugs used as adjuvant therapy in patients with GBM, we examined their influence on mitochondrial volume and activity, reactive oxygen species level, extracellular lactate concentration, and p65 NF-κB gene expression in GBM cells. RESULTS Our investigation showed, for the first time, that tricyclic antidepressants, imipramine and amitriptyline, partially reverse GBM abnormalities. CONCLUSION In the light of reported studies, the mitochondrial disturbance observed in glioma cells is a dynamic process that can be reversed or silenced. Moreover, imipramine and amitriptyline are attractive cellular metabolic modulators and can potentially be used to restoring a proper function of mitochondria in GBM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Bielecka-Wajdman
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ludyga
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Machnik
- Clinic of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Miłosz Gołyszny
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Obuchowicz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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81
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Burke PJ. Mitochondria, Bioenergetics and Apoptosis in Cancer. Trends Cancer 2017; 3:857-870. [PMID: 29198441 PMCID: PMC5957506 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, the dual roles of mitochondria in ATP production (bioenergetics) and apoptosis (cell life/death decision) were thought to be separate. New evidence points to a more intimate link between these two functions, mediated by the remodeling of the mitochondrial ultrastructure during apoptosis. While most of the key molecular players that regulate this process have been identified (primarily membrane proteins), the exact mechanisms by which they function are not yet understood. Because resistance to apoptosis is a hallmark of cancer, and because ultimately all chemotherapies are believed to result directly or indirectly in induction of apoptosis, a better understanding of the biophysical processes involved may lead to new avenues for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Burke
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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82
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Kim SW, Kyung Lee Y, Yeon Lee J, Hee Hong J, Khang D. PEGylated anticancer-carbon nanotubes complex targeting mitochondria of lung cancer cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:465102. [PMID: 29053471 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa8c31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Although activating apoptosis in cancer cells by targeting the mitochondria is an effective strategy for cancer therapy, insufficient targeting of the mitochondria in cancer cells restricts the availability in clinical treatment. Here, we report on a polyethylene glycol-coated carbon nanotube (CNT)-ABT737 nanodrug that improves the mitochondrial targeting of lung cancer cells. The polyethylene glycol-coated CNT-ABT737 nanodrug internalized into the early endosomes via macropinocytosis and clathrin-mediated endocytosis in advance of early endosomal escape and delivered into the mitochondria. Cytosol release of the nanodrug led to apoptosis of lung cancer cells by abruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential, inducing Bcl-2-mediated apoptosis and generating intracellular reactive oxygen species. As such, this study provides an effective strategy for increasing the anti-lung cancer efficacy by increasing mitochondria accumulation rate of cytosol released anticancer nanodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Woo Kim
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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83
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Zand K, Pham TDA, Li J, Zhou W, Wallace DC, Burke PJ. Resistive flow sensing of vital mitochondria with nanoelectrodes. Mitochondrion 2017; 37:8-16. [PMID: 28655663 PMCID: PMC6377799 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report label-free detection of single mitochondria with high sensitivity using nanoelectrodes. Measurements of the conductance of carbon nanotube transistors show discrete changes of conductance as individual mitochondria flow over the nanoelectrodes in a microfluidic channel. Altering the bioenergetic state of the mitochondria by adding metabolites to the flow buffer induces changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential detected by the nanoelectrodes. During the time when mitochondria are transiently passing over the nanoelectrodes, this (nano) technology is sensitive to fluctuations of the mitochondrial membrane potential with a resolution of 10mV with temporal resolution of order milliseconds. Fluorescence based assays (in ideal, photon shot noise limited setups) are shown to be an order of magnitude less sensitive than this nano-electronic measurement technology. This opens a new window into the dynamics of an organelle critical to cellular function and fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoun Zand
- Integrated Nanosystems Research Facility, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Ted D A Pham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Integrated Nanosystems Research Facility, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Weiwei Zhou
- Integrated Nanosystems Research Facility, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Peter J Burke
- Integrated Nanosystems Research Facility, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, United States.
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84
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Fitzwalter BE, Thorburn A. A caspase-independent way to kill cancer cells. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:1014-1015. [PMID: 28855734 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer treatments often focus on killing tumour cells through apoptosis, which is thought to typically require mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) and subsequent caspase activation. A study now shows that MOMP can trigger TNF-dependent, but caspase-independent cell death, suggesting a different approach to improve cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent E Fitzwalter
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Andrew Thorburn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
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85
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Biphasic ROS production, p53 and BIK dictate the mode of cell death in response to DNA damage in colon cancer cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182809. [PMID: 28796811 PMCID: PMC5552129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrosis, apoptosis and autophagic cell death are the main cell death pathways in multicellular organisms, all with distinct and overlapping cellular and biochemical features. DNA damage may trigger different types of cell death in cancer cells but the molecular events governing the mode of cell death remain elusive. Here we showed that increased BH3-only protein BIK levels promoted cisplatin- and UV-induced mitochondrial apoptosis and biphasic ROS production in HCT-116 wild-type cells. Nonetheless, early single peak of ROS formation along with lysosomal membrane permeabilization and cathepsin activation regulated cisplatin- and UV-induced necrosis in p53-null HCT-116 cells. Of note, necrotic cell death in p53-null HCT-116 cells did not depend on BIK, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization or caspase activation. These data demonstrate how cancer cells with different p53 background respond to DNA-damaging agents by integrating distinct cell signaling pathways dictating the mode of cell death.
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86
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Sarosiek KA, Letai A. Directly targeting the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis for cancer therapy using BH3 mimetics - recent successes, current challenges and future promise. FEBS J 2017; 283:3523-3533. [PMID: 26996748 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis within cancer cells is controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins, making them powerful arbiters of cell fate in response to stress induced by neoplastic transformation as well as exposure to anti-cancer therapies. Many cancers evade pro-apoptotic stress signals by up-regulating anti-apoptotic proteins such as BCL-2, BCL-XL or MCL-1 to maintain their survival. However, this may come at a cost, as these cancers may also become dependent on these anti-apoptotic proteins for survival. The development and deployment of BCL-2 family inhibitors (drugs that mimic the activity of pro-apoptotic BH3-only proteins or 'BH3 mimetics') is based on this paradigm, and the first potent and specific molecules are now being evaluated in clinical trials. We review the recent successes in this field, the challenges currently being faced, and the promising future ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher A Sarosiek
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anthony Letai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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87
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Forcina GC, Conlon M, Wells A, Cao JY, Dixon SJ. Systematic Quantification of Population Cell Death Kinetics in Mammalian Cells. Cell Syst 2017; 4:600-610.e6. [PMID: 28601558 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic compounds are important drugs and research tools. Here, we introduce a method, scalable time-lapse analysis of cell death kinetics (STACK), to quantify the kinetics of compound-induced cell death in mammalian cells at the population level. STACK uses live and dead cell markers, high-throughput time-lapse imaging, and mathematical modeling to determine the kinetics of population cell death over time. We used STACK to profile the effects of over 1,800 bioactive compounds on cell death in two human cancer cell lines, resulting in a large and freely available dataset. 79 potent lethal compounds common to both cell lines caused cell death with widely divergent kinetics. 13 compounds triggered cell death within hours, including the metallophore zinc pyrithione. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that this rapid onset lethal phenotype was caused in human cancer cells by metabolic disruption and ATP depletion. These results provide the first comprehensive survey of cell death kinetics and analysis of rapid-onset lethal compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni C Forcina
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Room 104, 337 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Megan Conlon
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Room 104, 337 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alex Wells
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Room 104, 337 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jennifer Yinuo Cao
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Room 104, 337 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Scott J Dixon
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Room 104, 337 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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88
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Starenki D, Hong SK, Wu PK, Park JI. Vandetanib and cabozantinib potentiate mitochondria-targeted agents to suppress medullary thyroid carcinoma cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2017; 18:473-483. [PMID: 28475408 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2017.1323594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the FDA-approved receptor tyrosine kinases inhibitors, vandetanib and cabozantinib, are used to treat surgically inoperable progressive medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), not all patients are responsive while the disease sometimes progresses after an initial response. To better understand MTC drug resistance at molecular and biochemical levels, we have generated drug-resistant subpopulations of the human MTC cell lines, TT and MZ-CRC-1, via prolonged exposure to vandetanib and cabozantinib. These drug-resistant progenies exhibited substantial cross-resistance to vandetanib and cabozantinib, suggesting that these inhibitors may invoke an overlapping resistance mechanism(s) in MTC cells. Of note, vandetanib and cabozantinib increased mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) in drug-naïve as well as drug-resistant cells but only drug-naïve cells exhibited substantially altered oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification rates. Therefore, these inhibitors appear to cause a bioenergetics stress to which drug-resistant MTC cells are more tolerant. Given the ability of vandetanib and cabozantinib to increase Δψm, we hypothesized that these inhibitors can augment growth inhibitory effects of mitochondria-targeted carboxy-proxyl and ubiquinone by increasing their Δψm-dependent uptake/retention in MTC cells. Indeed, our in vitro and mouse xenograft data strongly support this possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro Starenki
- a Department of Biochemistry , Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , WI , USA
| | - Seung-Keun Hong
- a Department of Biochemistry , Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , WI , USA
| | - Pui-Kei Wu
- a Department of Biochemistry , Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , WI , USA
| | - Jong-In Park
- a Department of Biochemistry , Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , WI , USA
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89
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Sorensen JC, Petersen AC, Timpani CA, Campelj DG, Cook J, Trewin AJ, Stojanovska V, Stewart M, Hayes A, Rybalka E. BGP-15 Protects against Oxaliplatin-Induced Skeletal Myopathy and Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:137. [PMID: 28443020 PMCID: PMC5385327 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is a leading intervention against cancer. Albeit highly effective, chemotherapy has a multitude of deleterious side-effects including skeletal muscle wasting and fatigue, which considerably reduces patient quality of life and survivability. As such, a defense against chemotherapy-induced skeletal muscle dysfunction is required. Here we investigate the effects of oxaliplatin (OXA) treatment in mice on the skeletal muscle and mitochondria, and the capacity for the Poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, BGP-15, to ameliorate any pathological side-effects induced by OXA. To do so, we investigated the effects of 2 weeks of OXA (3 mg/kg) treatment with and without BGP-15 (15 mg/kg). OXA induced a 15% (p < 0.05) reduction in lean tissue mass without significant changes in food consumption or energy expenditure. OXA treatment also altered the muscle architecture, increasing collagen deposition, neutral lipid and Ca2+ accumulation; all of which were ameliorated with BGP-15 adjunct therapy. Here, we are the first to show that OXA penetrates the mitochondria, and, as a possible consequence of this, increases mtROS production. These data correspond with reduced diameter of isolated FDB fibers and shift in the fiber size distribution frequency of TA to the left. There was a tendency for reduction in intramuscular protein content, albeit apparently not via Murf1 (atrophy)- or p62 (autophagy)- dependent pathways. BGP-15 adjunct therapy protected against increased ROS production and improved mitochondrial viability 4-fold and preserved fiber diameter and number. Our study highlights BGP-15 as a potential adjunct therapy to address chemotherapy-induced skeletal muscle and mitochondrial pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Sorensen
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health & Biomedicine, Victoria UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal ScienceMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Aaron C Petersen
- Institute of Sport, Exercise & Active Living, Victoria UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cara A Timpani
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health & Biomedicine, Victoria UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal ScienceMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dean G Campelj
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health & Biomedicine, Victoria UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal ScienceMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jordan Cook
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health & Biomedicine, Victoria UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam J Trewin
- Institute of Sport, Exercise & Active Living, Victoria UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Vanesa Stojanovska
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health & Biomedicine, Victoria UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mathew Stewart
- Institute of Sustainability and Innovation, Victoria UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alan Hayes
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health & Biomedicine, Victoria UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal ScienceMelbourne, VIC, Australia.,Institute of Sport, Exercise & Active Living, Victoria UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Emma Rybalka
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health & Biomedicine, Victoria UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal ScienceMelbourne, VIC, Australia.,Institute of Sport, Exercise & Active Living, Victoria UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
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90
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Henley AB, Yang L, Chuang KL, Sahuri-Arisoylu M, Wu LH, Bligh SWA, Bell JD. Withania somnifera Root Extract Enhances Chemotherapy through 'Priming'. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170917. [PMID: 28129345 PMCID: PMC5271386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Withania somnifera extracts are known for their anti-cancerous, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. One of their mechanisms of actions is to modulate mitochondrial function through increasing oxidative stress. Recently 'priming' has been suggested as a potential mechanism for enhancing cancer cell death. In this study we demonstrate that 'priming', in HT-29 colon cells, with W. somnifera root extract increased the potency of the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin. We have also showed the W. somnifera root extract enhanced mitochondrial dysfunction and that the underlying mechanism of 'priming' was selectively through increased ROS. Moreover, we showed that this effect was not seen in non-cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aine Brigette Henley
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Lin Chuang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Meliz Sahuri-Arisoylu
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Li-Hong Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - S. W. Annie Bligh
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jimmy David Bell
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
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91
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Zhang S, Qin F, Yang L, Xian J, Zou Q, Jin H, Wang L, Zhang L. Nucleophosmin Mutations Induce Chemosensitivity in THP-1 Leukemia Cells by Suppressing NF-κB Activity and Regulating Bax/Bcl-2 Expression. J Cancer 2016; 7:2270-2279. [PMID: 27994664 PMCID: PMC5166537 DOI: 10.7150/jca.16010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM1) - a gene that encodes for a nuclear protein with multiple functions. Mutations in NPM1 are seen in approximately one-third of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and are generally associated with good response to induction chemotherapy. However, the mechanisms underlying this chemosensitivity are still unknown. Recent studies have established that nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation is a key response of leukemia cell to chemotherapy. In this study, we transfected human monocytic leukemia THP-1 cells with the vector expressing NPM1 mutation variant (NPM1mA), and confirmed overexpression of NPM1mA at mRNA and protein levels by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The effects of NPM1 mutations on chemotherapeutical agents induced apoptosis, NF-κB activity and gene expression were examined using flow cytometry, luciferase reporter assays, quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. We found that overexpression of NPM1mA in THP-1 cells sensitized these cells to apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutical agents such as daunorubicin (DNR) and cytarabine (Ara-C). Moreover, we demonstrated that expression of NPM1 mA reduced the NF-κB transcription activity of THP-1 cells upon drug treatment. In addition, restoration of NF-κB activity via TNF-α stimulation could attenuate the effect of NPM1mA overexpression on DNR-and Ara-C-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, expression of NPM1mA could upregulate Bax and downregulate Bcl-2 at mRNA and protein levels in THP-1 cells when treated with DNR or Ara-C. We also demonstrated that restoration of NF-κB activity via TNF-α pre-treatment reversed the effect of NPM1mA on the Bax/Bcl-2 expression. Furthermore, evaluation of gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset revealed that NPM1-mutated patients showed a higher expression of Bax and a lower expression of Bcl-2. These results suggest that the NPM1 gene mutations could confer increased sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents, at least in part, by suppressing NF-κB activity and regulating Bax/Bcl-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaishuai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fengxian Qin
- Department of clinical laboratory, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Guangxi, China
| | - Liyuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingrong Xian
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Zou
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjun Jin
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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92
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Hong SK, Starenki D, Wu PK, Park JI. Suppression of B-Raf V600E melanoma cell survival by targeting mitochondria using triphenyl-phosphonium-conjugated nitroxide or ubiquinone. Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 18:106-114. [PMID: 27786591 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2016.1250987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most BRAF-mutated melanomas initially responsive to the FDA-approved inhibitors preferentially targeting B-Raf mutated in Val600 residue eventually relapse, requiring additional therapeutic modalities. Recent studies report the significance of metabolic reprograming in mitochondria for maintenance of BRAF-mutated melanomas and for development of their drug resistance to B-Raf inhibitors, providing a rationale for targeting mitochondria as a potential therapeutic strategy for melanoma. We therefore determined whether mitochondria-targeted metabolism-interfering agents can effectively suppress human B-RafV600E melanoma cell lines and their dabrafenib/PLX4032-resistant progenies using mitochondria-targeted carboxy-proxyl (Mito-CP) and ubiquinone (Mito-Q). These agents exhibited comparable efficacy to PLX4032 in suppressing SK-MEL28, A375, and RPMI-7951 cells in vitro. As determined in SK-MEL28 and A375 cells, Mito-CP induced apoptotic cell death mediated by mitochondrial membrane depolarization and subsequent oxidative stress, which PLX4032 could not induce. Of note, Mito-CP also effectively suppressed PLX4032-resistant progenies of SK-MEL28 and A375. Moreover, when orally administered, Mito-CP suppressed SK-MEL28 xenografts in mice as effectively as PLX4032 without serious adverse effects. These data demonstrate that mitochondria-targeted agents have therapeutic potential to effectively suppress BRAF-mutated melanomas via an effect(s) distinct from those of B-Raf inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Keun Hong
- a Department of Biochemistry , Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , WI , USA
| | - Dmytro Starenki
- a Department of Biochemistry , Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , WI , USA
| | - Pui-Kei Wu
- a Department of Biochemistry , Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , WI , USA
| | - Jong-In Park
- a Department of Biochemistry , Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , WI , USA
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93
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Pham TD, Pham PQ, Li J, Letai AG, Wallace DC, Burke PJ. Cristae remodeling causes acidification detected by integrated graphene sensor during mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35907. [PMID: 27786282 PMCID: PMC5081517 DOI: 10.1038/srep35907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrinsic apoptotic pathway and the resultant mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) via BAK and BAX oligomerization, cytochrome c (cytc) release, and caspase activation are well studied, but their effect on cytosolic pH is poorly understood. Using isolated mitochondria, we show that MOMP results in acidification of the surrounding medium. BAK conformational changes associated with MOMP activate the OMA1 protease to cleave OPA1 resulting in remodeling of the cristae and release of the highly concentrated protons within the cristae invaginations. This was revealed by utilizing a nanomaterial graphene as an optically clear and ultrasensitive pH sensor that can measure ionic changes induced by tethered mitochondria. With this platform, we have found that activation of mitochondrial apoptosis is accompanied by a gradual drop in extra-mitochondrial pH and a decline in membrane potential, both of which can be rescued by adding exogenous cytc. These findings have importance for potential pharmacological manipulation of apoptosis, in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted D. Pham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Phi Q. Pham
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Anthony G. Letai
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas C. Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter J. Burke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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94
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Pavlou D, Kirmizis A. Depletion of histone N-terminal-acetyltransferase Naa40 induces p53-independent apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells via the mitochondrial pathway. Apoptosis 2016; 21:298-311. [PMID: 26666750 PMCID: PMC4746217 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-015-1207-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein N-terminal acetylation is an abundant post-translational modification in eukaryotes implicated in various fundamental cellular and biochemical processes. This modification is catalysed by evolutionarily conserved N-terminal acetyltransferases (NATs) whose deregulation has been linked to cancer development and thus, are emerging as useful diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Naa40 is a highly selective NAT that acetylates the amino-termini of histones H4 and H2A and acts as a sensor of cell growth in yeast. In the present study, we examine the role of Naa40 in cancer cell survival. We demonstrate that depletion of Naa40 in HCT116 and HT-29 colorectal cancer cells decreases cell survival by enhancing apoptosis, whereas Naa40 reduction in non-cancerous mouse embryonic fibroblasts has no effect on cell viability. Specifically, Naa40 knockdown in colon cancer cells activates the mitochondrial caspase-9-mediated apoptotic cascade. Consistent with this, we show that caspase-9 activation is required for the induced apoptosis because treatment of cells with an irreversible caspase-9 inhibitor impedes apoptosis when Naa40 is depleted. Furthermore, the effect of Naa40-depletion on cell-death is mediated through a p53-independent mechanism since p53-null HCT116 cells still undergo apoptosis upon reduction of the acetyltransferase. Altogether, these findings reveal an anti-apoptotic role for Naa40 and exhibit its potential as a therapeutic target in colorectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetria Pavlou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Antonis Kirmizis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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95
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Vervloessem
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rita La Rovere
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Leuven, Belgium
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96
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Sorensen JC, Cheregi BD, Timpani CA, Nurgali K, Hayes A, Rybalka E. Mitochondria: Inadvertent targets in chemotherapy-induced skeletal muscle toxicity and wasting? Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2016; 78:673-83. [PMID: 27167634 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-016-3045-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy has been associated with increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial dysfunction and skeletal muscle atrophy leading to severe patient clinical complications including skeletal muscle fatigue, insulin resistance and wasting. The exact mechanisms behind this skeletal muscle toxicity are largely unknown, and as such co-therapies to attenuate chemotherapy-induced side effects are lacking. Here, we review the current literature describing the clinical manifestations and molecular origins of chemotherapy-induced myopathy with a focus on the mitochondria as the target organelle via which chemotherapeutic agents establish toxicity. We explore the likely mechanisms through which myopathy is induced, using the anthracycline doxorubicin, and the platinum-based alkylating agent oxaliplatin, as examples. Finally, we recommend directions for future research and outline the potential significance of these proposed directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Sorensen
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, 8001, Australia.,Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science, Western Health, Melbourne, 3021, Australia
| | - Beatrice D Cheregi
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, 8001, Australia
| | - Cara A Timpani
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, 8001, Australia.,Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science, Western Health, Melbourne, 3021, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, 8001, Australia
| | - Alan Hayes
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, 8001, Australia.,Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, 8001, Australia.,Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science, Western Health, Melbourne, 3021, Australia
| | - Emma Rybalka
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, 8001, Australia. .,Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, 8001, Australia. .,Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science, Western Health, Melbourne, 3021, Australia.
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97
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Véquaud E, Séveno C, Loussouarn D, Engelhart L, Campone M, Juin P, Barillé-Nion S. YM155 potently triggers cell death in breast cancer cells through an autophagy-NF-kB network. Oncotarget 2016; 6:13476-86. [PMID: 25974963 PMCID: PMC4537028 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific overexpression in cancer cells and evidence of oncogenic functions make Survivin an attractive target in cancer tharapy. The small molecule compound YM155 has been described as the first “Survivin suppressant” but molecular mechanisms involved in its biological activity and its clinical potential remain obscure. We herein show that YM155 exerts single agent toxicity on primary breast cancer cells grown in an ex vivo assay preserving tumor microenvironment. In vitro assays indicate that YM155 more efficiently triggers cell death in breast cancer cells (including these with stem-cell like properties) than in non tumorigenic mammary cells. YM155-induced cell death is critically dependent on autophagy and NF-kB but independent of p53 and it coïncides with DNA damage an a DNA damage response in p53-proficient cells. Our results point out a crosstalk between NF-KB and autophagy controlling YM155-induced death in breast cancer cells and argue for the potential use of YM155 as a genotoxic agent in breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloïse Véquaud
- CRCNA, UMR INSERM U892, CNRS 6299, Université de Nantes, Team 8 « Cell Survival and Tumor Escape in Breast Cancers », Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Céline Séveno
- CRCNA, UMR INSERM U892, CNRS 6299, Université de Nantes, Team 8 « Cell Survival and Tumor Escape in Breast Cancers », Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Delphine Loussouarn
- CRCNA, UMR INSERM U892, CNRS 6299, Université de Nantes, Team 8 « Cell Survival and Tumor Escape in Breast Cancers », Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, HGRL, CHU, Nantes University, Nantes, France
| | - Lucie Engelhart
- CRCNA, UMR INSERM U892, CNRS 6299, Université de Nantes, Team 8 « Cell Survival and Tumor Escape in Breast Cancers », Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Mario Campone
- CRCNA, UMR INSERM U892, CNRS 6299, Université de Nantes, Team 8 « Cell Survival and Tumor Escape in Breast Cancers », Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Cancérologie de Nantes, Centre de lutte contre le Cancer René Gauducheau, Boulevard Jacques Monod, Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Juin
- CRCNA, UMR INSERM U892, CNRS 6299, Université de Nantes, Team 8 « Cell Survival and Tumor Escape in Breast Cancers », Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Cancérologie de Nantes, Centre de lutte contre le Cancer René Gauducheau, Boulevard Jacques Monod, Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Barillé-Nion
- CRCNA, UMR INSERM U892, CNRS 6299, Université de Nantes, Team 8 « Cell Survival and Tumor Escape in Breast Cancers », Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
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98
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Irwin MH, Moos WH, Faller DV, Steliou K, Pinkert CA. Epigenetic Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders: Alzheimer and Parkinson Diseases. Drug Dev Res 2016; 77:109-23. [PMID: 26899010 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical Research In this review, we discuss epigenetic-driven methods for treating neurodegenerative disorders associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, focusing on carnitinoid antioxidant-histone deacetylase inhibitors that show an ability to reinvigorate synaptic plasticity and protect against neuromotor decline in vivo. Aging remains a major risk factor in patients who progress to dementia, a clinical syndrome typified by decreased mental capacity, including impairments in memory, language skills, and executive function. Energy metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction are viewed as determinants in the aging process that may afford therapeutic targets for a host of disease conditions, the brain being primary in such thinking. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a core feature in the pathophysiology of both Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases and rare mitochondrial diseases. The potential of new therapies in this area extends to glaucoma and other ophthalmic disorders, migraine, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, post-traumatic stress disorder, systemic exertion intolerance disease, and chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment. An emerging and hopefully more promising approach to addressing these hard-to-treat diseases leverages their sensitivity to activation of master regulators of antioxidant and cytoprotective genes, antioxidant response elements, and mitophagy. Drug Dev Res 77 : 109-123, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Irwin
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Walter H Moos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,SRI Biosciences, A Division of SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Douglas V Faller
- Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kosta Steliou
- Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,PhenoMatriX, Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carl A Pinkert
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
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99
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Moos WH, Maneta E, Pinkert CA, Irwin MH, Hoffman ME, Faller DV, Steliou K. Epigenetic Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Autism and Schizophrenia. Drug Dev Res 2016; 77:53-72. [PMID: 26899191 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders are a heterogeneous group of conditions that often share underlying mitochondrial dysfunction and biological pathways implicated in their pathogenesis, progression, and treatment. To date, these disorders have proven notoriously resistant to molecular-targeted therapies, and clinical options are relegated to interventional types, which do not address the core symptoms of the disease. In this review, we discuss emerging epigenetic-driven approaches using novel acylcarnitine esters (carnitinoids) that act on master regulators of antioxidant and cytoprotective genes and mitophagic pathways. These carnitinoids are actively transported, mitochondria-localizing, biomimetic coenzyme A surrogates of short-chain fatty acids, which inhibit histone deacetylase and may reinvigorate synaptic plasticity and protect against neuronal damage. We outline these neuroprotective effects in the context of treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders such as autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter H Moos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,SRI Biosciences, A Division of SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Eleni Maneta
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carl A Pinkert
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA.,Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Michael H Irwin
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Michelle E Hoffman
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Douglas V Faller
- Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kosta Steliou
- Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,PhenoMatriX, Inc., Boston, MA, USA
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Irinotecan treatment and senescence failure promote the emergence of more transformed and invasive cells that depend on anti-apoptotic Mcl-1. Oncotarget 2016; 6:409-26. [PMID: 25565667 PMCID: PMC4381604 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of senescence by chemotherapy was initially characterized as a suppressive response that prevents tumor cell proliferation. However, in response to treatment, it is not really known how cells can survive senescence and how irreversible this pathway is. In this study, we analyzed cell escape in response to irinotecan, a first line treatment used in colorectal cancer that induced senescence. We detected subpopulations of cells that adapted to chemotherapy and resumed proliferation. Survival led to the emergence of more transformed cells that induced tumor formation in mice and grew in low adhesion conditions. A significant amount of viable polyploid cells was also generated following irinotecan failure. Markers such as lgr5, CD44, CD133 and ALDH were downregulated in persistent clones, indicating that survival was not associated with an increase in cancer initiating cells. Importantly, malignant cells which resisted senescence relied on survival pathways induced by Mcl-1 signaling and to a lesser extent by Bcl-xL. Depletion of Mcl-1 increased irinotecan efficiency, induced the death of polyploid cells, prevented cell emergence and inhibited growth in low-adhesion conditions. We therefore propose that Mcl-1 targeting should be considered in the future to reduce senescence escape and to improve the treatment of irinotecan-refractory colorectal cancers.
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