51
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Dong JM, Tay FPL, Swa HLF, Gunaratne J, Leung T, Burke B, Manser E. Proximity biotinylation provides insight into the molecular composition of focal adhesions at the nanometer scale. Sci Signal 2016; 9:rs4. [PMID: 27303058 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaf3572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Focal adhesions are protein complexes that link metazoan cells to the extracellular matrix through the integrin family of transmembrane proteins. Integrins recruit many proteins to these complexes, referred to as the "adhesome." We used proximity-dependent biotinylation (BioID) in U2OS osteosarcoma cells to label proteins within 15 to 25 nm of paxillin, a cytoplasmic focal adhesion protein, and kindlin-2, which directly binds β integrins. Using mass spectrometry analysis of the biotinylated proteins, we identified 27 known adhesome proteins and 8 previously unknown components close to paxillin. However, only seven of these proteins interacted directly with paxillin, one of which was the adaptor protein Kank2. The proteins in proximity to β integrin included 15 of the adhesion proteins identified in the paxillin BioID data set. BioID also correctly established kindlin-2 as a cell-cell junction protein. By focusing on this smaller data set, new partners for kindlin-2 were found, namely, the endocytosis-promoting proteins liprin β1 and EFR3A, but, contrary to previous reports, not the filamin-binding protein migfilin. A model adhesome based on both data sets suggests that focal adhesions contain fewer components than previously suspected and that paxillin lies away from the plasma membrane. These data not only illustrate the power of using BioID and stable isotope-labeled mass spectrometry to define macromolecular complexes but also enable the correct identification of therapeutic targets within the adhesome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ming Dong
- sGSK Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Proteos Building, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Felicia Pei-Ling Tay
- sGSK Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Proteos Building, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Hannah Lee-Foon Swa
- Quantitative Proteomics Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Quantitative Proteomics Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore. Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Thomas Leung
- sGSK Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Proteos Building, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Brian Burke
- Institute of Medical Biology, 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos Building, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Ed Manser
- sGSK Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Proteos Building, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore. Institute of Medical Biology, 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos Building, Singapore 138648, Singapore. Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
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52
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Ye X, McLean MA, Sligar SG. Conformational equilibrium of talin is regulated by anionic lipids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:1833-40. [PMID: 27163494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A critical step in the activation of integrin receptors is the binding of talin to the cytoplasmic domain of the β subunits. This interaction leads to separation of the integrin α and β transmembrane domains and significant conformational changes in the extracellular domains, resulting in a dramatic increase in integrin's affinity for ligands. It has long been shown that the membrane bilayer also plays a critical role in the talin-integrin interaction. Anionic lipids are required for proper interaction, yet the specificity for specific anionic headgroups is not clear. In this report, we document talin-membrane interactions with bilayers of controlled composition using Nanodiscs and a FRET based binding and structural assay. We confirm that recruitment of the talin head domain to the membrane surface is governed by charge in the absence of other adapter proteins. In addition, measurement of the donor-acceptor distance is consistent with the hypothesis that anionic lipids promote a conformational change in the talin head domain allowing interaction of the F3 domain with the phospholipid bilayer. The magnitude of the F3 domain movement is altered by the identity of the phospholipid headgroup with phosphatidylinositides promoting the largest change. Our results suggest that phoshpatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate plays key a role in converting talin head domain to a conformation optimized for interactions with the bilayer and subsequently integrin cytoplasmic tails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ye
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States
| | - Mark A McLean
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States
| | - Stephen G Sligar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States
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53
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Nishioka T, Arima N, Kano K, Hama K, Itai E, Yukiura H, Kise R, Inoue A, Kim SH, Solnica-Krezel L, Moolenaar WH, Chun J, Aoki J. ATX-LPA1 axis contributes to proliferation of chondrocytes by regulating fibronectin assembly leading to proper cartilage formation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23433. [PMID: 27005960 PMCID: PMC4804234 DOI: 10.1038/srep23433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signals via six distinct G protein-coupled receptors to mediate both unique and overlapping biological effects, including cell migration, proliferation and survival. LPA is produced extracellularly by autotaxin (ATX), a secreted lysophospholipase D, from lysophosphatidylcholine. ATX-LPA receptor signaling is essential for normal development and implicated in various (patho)physiological processes, but underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Through gene targeting approaches in zebrafish and mice, we show here that loss of ATX-LPA1 signaling leads to disorganization of chondrocytes, causing severe defects in cartilage formation. Mechanistically, ATX-LPA1 signaling acts by promoting S-phase entry and cell proliferation of chondrocytes both in vitro and in vivo, at least in part through β1-integrin translocation leading to fibronectin assembly and further extracellular matrix deposition; this in turn promotes chondrocyte-matrix adhesion and cell proliferation. Thus, the ATX-LPA1 axis is a key regulator of cartilage formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuji Nishioka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki-aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Naoaki Arima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki-aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Kano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki-aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kotaro Hama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki-aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Eriko Itai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki-aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yukiura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki-aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ryoji Kise
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki-aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki-aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Kawaguchi City, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Seok-Hyung Kim
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Lilianna Solnica-Krezel
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Wouter H Moolenaar
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jerold Chun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA-92037, USA
| | - Junken Aoki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki-aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004 Japan
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54
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Schulte C, Rodighiero S, Cappelluti MA, Puricelli L, Maffioli E, Borghi F, Negri A, Sogne E, Galluzzi M, Piazzoni C, Tamplenizza M, Podestà A, Tedeschi G, Lenardi C, Milani P. Conversion of nanoscale topographical information of cluster-assembled zirconia surfaces into mechanotransductive events promotes neuronal differentiation. J Nanobiotechnology 2016; 14:18. [PMID: 26955876 PMCID: PMC4784317 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-016-0171-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Thanks to mechanotransductive components cells are competent to perceive nanoscale topographical features of their environment and to convert the immanent information into corresponding physiological responses. Due to its complex configuration, unraveling the role of the extracellular matrix is particularly challenging. Cell substrates with simplified topographical cues, fabricated by top-down micro- and nanofabrication approaches, have been useful in order to identify basic principles. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this conversion remain only partially understood. Results Here we present the results of a broad, systematic and quantitative approach aimed at understanding how the surface nanoscale information is converted into cell response providing a profound causal link between mechanotransductive events, proceeding from the cell/nanostructure interface to the nucleus. We produced nanostructured ZrO2 substrates with disordered yet controlled topographic features by the bottom-up technique supersonic cluster beam deposition, i.e. the assembling of zirconia nanoparticles from the gas phase on a flat substrate through a supersonic expansion. We used PC12 cells, a well-established model in the context of neuronal differentiation. We found that the cell/nanotopography interaction enforces a nanoscopic architecture of the adhesion regions that affects the focal adhesion dynamics and the cytoskeletal organization, which thereby modulates the general biomechanical properties by decreasing the rigidity of the cell. The mechanotransduction impacts furthermore on transcription factors relevant for neuronal differentiation (e.g. CREB), and eventually the protein expression profile. Detailed proteomic data validated the observed differentiation. In particular, the abundance of proteins that are involved in adhesome and/or cytoskeletal organization is striking, and their up- or downregulation is in line with their demonstrated functions in neuronal differentiation processes. Conclusion Our work provides a deep insight into the molecular mechanotransductive mechanisms that realize the conversion of the nanoscale topographical information of SCBD-fabricated surfaces into cellular responses, in this case neuronal differentiation. The results lay a profound cell biological foundation indicating the strong potential of these surfaces in promoting neuronal differentiation events which could be exploited for the development of prospective research and/or biomedical applications. These applications could be e.g. tools to study mechanotransductive processes, improved neural interfaces and circuits, or cell culture devices supporting neurogenic processes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12951-016-0171-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Schulte
- CIMAINA, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, Milan, 20133, Italy.
| | | | - Martino Alfredo Cappelluti
- SEMM European School of Molecular Medicine, Via Adamello 16, Milan, 20139, Italy. .,Fondazione Filarete, via le Ortles 22/4, Milan, 20139, Italy.
| | - Luca Puricelli
- CIMAINA, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, Milan, 20133, Italy.
| | - Elisa Maffioli
- DIVET, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, Milan, 20133, Italy. .,Fondazione Filarete, via le Ortles 22/4, Milan, 20139, Italy.
| | - Francesca Borghi
- CIMAINA, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, Milan, 20133, Italy.
| | - Armando Negri
- DIVET, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, Milan, 20133, Italy. .,Fondazione Filarete, via le Ortles 22/4, Milan, 20139, Italy.
| | - Elisa Sogne
- SEMM European School of Molecular Medicine, Via Adamello 16, Milan, 20139, Italy. .,Fondazione Filarete, via le Ortles 22/4, Milan, 20139, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Galluzzi
- CIMAINA, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, Milan, 20133, Italy.
| | - Claudio Piazzoni
- CIMAINA, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, Milan, 20133, Italy.
| | | | - Alessandro Podestà
- CIMAINA, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, Milan, 20133, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Tedeschi
- DIVET, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, Milan, 20133, Italy. .,Fondazione Filarete, via le Ortles 22/4, Milan, 20139, Italy.
| | - Cristina Lenardi
- CIMAINA, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, Milan, 20133, Italy.
| | - Paolo Milani
- CIMAINA, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, Milan, 20133, Italy.
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55
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Gaul V, Lopez SG, Lentz BR, Moran N, Forster RJ, Keyes TE. The lateral diffusion and fibrinogen induced clustering of platelet integrin αIIbβ3 reconstituted into physiologically mimetic GUVs. Integr Biol (Camb) 2015; 7:402-11. [PMID: 25720532 DOI: 10.1039/c5ib00003c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Platelet integrin αIIbβ3 is a key mediator of platelet activation and thrombosis. Upon activation αIIbβ3 undergoes significant conformational rearrangement, inducing complex bidirectional signalling and protein recruitment leading to platelet activation. Reconstituted lipid models of the integrin can enhance our understanding of the structural and mechanistic details of αIIbβ3 behaviour away from the complexity of the platelet machinery. Here, a novel method of αIIbβ3 insertion into Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUVs) is described that allows for effective integrin reconstitution unrestricted by lipid composition. αIIbβ3 was inserted into two GUV lipid compositions that seek to better mimic the platelet membrane. First, "nature's own", comprising 32% DOPC, 25% DOPE, 20% CH, 15% SM and 8% DOPS, intended to mimic the platelet cell membrane. Fluorescence Lifetime Correlation Spectroscopy (FLCS) reveals that exposure of the integrin to the activators Mn(2+) or DTT does not influence the diffusion coefficient of αIIbβ3. Similarly, exposure to αIIbβ3's primary ligand fibrinogen (Fg) alone does not affect αIIbβ3's diffusion coefficient. However, addition of Fg with either activator reduces the integrin diffusion coefficient from 2.52 ± 0.29 to μm(2) s(-1) to 1.56 ± 0.26 (Mn(2+)) or 1.49 ± 0.41 μm(2) s(-1) (DTT) which is consistent with aggregation of activated αIIbβ3 induced by fibrinogen binding. The Multichannel Scaler (MCS) trace shows that the integrin-Fg complex diffuses through the confocal volume in clusters. Using the Saffman-Delbrück model as a first approximation, the diffusion coefficient of the complex suggests at least a 20-fold increase in the radius of membrane bound protein, consistent with integrin clustering. Second, αIIbβ3 was also reconstituted into a "raft forming" GUV with well defined liquid disordered (Ld) and liquid ordered (Lo) phases. Using confocal microscopy and lipid partitioning dyes, αIIbβ3 showed an affinity for the DOPC rich Ld phase of the raft forming GUVs, and was effectively excluded from the cholesterol and sphingomyelin rich Lo phase. Activation and Fg binding of the integrin did not alter the distribution of αIIbβ3 between the lipid phases. This observation suggests partitioning of the activated fibrinogen bound αIIbβ3 into cholesterol rich domains is not responsible for the integrin clustering observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinnie Gaul
- School of Chemical Sciences and National Biophotonics and Imaging Platform, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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56
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Walther CG, Whitfield R, James DC. Importance of Interaction between Integrin and Actin Cytoskeleton in Suspension Adaptation of CHO cells. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 178:1286-302. [PMID: 26679704 PMCID: PMC4858566 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1945-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The biopharmaceutical production process relies upon mammalian cell technology where single cells proliferate in suspension in a chemically defined synthetic environment. This environment lacks exogenous growth factors, usually contributing to proliferation of fibroblastic cell types such as Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Use of CHO cells for production hence requires a lengthy 'adaptation' process to select clones capable of proliferation as single cells in suspension. The underlying molecular changes permitting proliferation in suspension are not known. Comparison of the non-suspension-adapted clone CHO-AD and a suspension-adapted propriety cell line CHO-SA by flow cytometric analysis revealed a highly variable bi-modal expression pattern for cell-to-cell contact proteins in contrast to the expression pattern seen for integrins. Those have a uni-modal expression on suspension and adherent cells. Integrins showed a conformation distinguished by regularly distributed clusters forming a sphere on the cell membrane of suspension-adapted cells. Actin cytoskeleton analysis revealed reorganisation from the typical fibrillar morphology found in adherent cells to an enforced spherical subcortical actin sheath in suspension cells. The uni-modal expression and specific clustering of integrins could be confirmed for CHO-S, another suspension cell line. Cytochalasin D treatment resulted in breakdown of the actin sheath and the sphere-like integrin conformation demonstrating the link between integrins and actin in suspension-adapted CHO cells. The data demonstrates the importance of signalling changes, leading to an integrin rearrangement on the cell surface, and the necessity of the reinforcement of the actin cytoskeleton for proliferation in suspension conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa G Walther
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
| | - Robert Whitfield
- Department of Applied Sciences and Health, Coventry University, James Starley Building, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - David C James
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
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57
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Osicka R, Osickova A, Hasan S, Bumba L, Cerny J, Sebo P. Bordetella adenylate cyclase toxin is a unique ligand of the integrin complement receptor 3. eLife 2015; 4:e10766. [PMID: 26650353 PMCID: PMC4755762 DOI: 10.7554/elife.10766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric cell surface adhesion and signaling receptors that are essential for metazoan existence. Some integrins contain an I-domain that is a major ligand binding site. The ligands preferentially engage the active forms of the integrins and trigger signaling cascades that alter numerous cell functions. Here we found that the adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA), a key virulence factor of the whooping cough agent Bordetella pertussis, preferentially binds an inactive form of the integrin complement receptor 3 (CR3), using a site outside of its I-domain. CyaA binding did not trigger downstream signaling of CR3 in human monocytes and CyaA-catalyzed elevation of cAMP effectively blocked CR3 signaling initiated by a natural ligand. This unprecedented type of integrin-ligand interaction distinguishes CyaA from all other known ligands of the I-domain-containing integrins and provides a mechanistic insight into the previously observed central role of CyaA in the pathogenesis of B. pertussis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radim Osicka
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adriana Osickova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Shakir Hasan
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Bumba
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Cerny
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Sebo
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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58
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Block MR, Destaing O, Petropoulos C, Planus E, Albigès-Rizo C, Fourcade B. Integrin-mediated adhesion as self-sustained waves of enzymatic activation. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 92:042704. [PMID: 26565269 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.92.042704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Integrin receptors mediate interaction between the cellular actin-cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix. Based on their activation properties, we propose a reaction-diffusion model where the kinetics of the two-state receptors is modulated by their lipidic environment. This environment serves as an activator variable, while a second variable plays the role of a scaffold protein and controls the self-sustained activation of the receptors. Due to receptor diffusion which couples dynamically the activator and the inhibitor, our model connects major classes of reaction diffusion systems for excitable media. Spot and rosette solutions, characterized by receptor clustering into localized static or dynamic structures, are organized into a phase diagram. It is shown that diffusion and kinetics of receptors determines the dynamics and the stability of these structures. We discuss this model as a precursor model for cell signaling in the context of podosomes forming actoadhesive metastructures, and we study how generic signaling defects influence their organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Block
- Chromatine and Epigenetics, Institut Albert Bonniot, INSERM-CNRS U823, 38042 Grenoble Cedex, France
- Dysad, Institut Albert Bonniot, INSERM-CNRS U823, Université Joseph Fourier, 38042 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - O Destaing
- Dysad, Institut Albert Bonniot, INSERM-CNRS U823, Université Joseph Fourier, 38042 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - C Petropoulos
- Dysad, Institut Albert Bonniot, INSERM-CNRS U823, Université Joseph Fourier, 38042 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - E Planus
- Dysad, Institut Albert Bonniot, INSERM-CNRS U823, Université Joseph Fourier, 38042 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - C Albigès-Rizo
- Dysad, Institut Albert Bonniot, INSERM-CNRS U823, Université Joseph Fourier, 38042 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - B Fourcade
- Dysad, Institut Albert Bonniot, INSERM-CNRS U823, Université Joseph Fourier, 38042 Grenoble Cedex, France
- Laboratoire Joliot Curie, CNRS Ens-Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
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59
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Orłowski A, Kukkurainen S, Pöyry A, Rissanen S, Vattulainen I, Hytönen VP, Róg T. PIP2 and Talin Join Forces to Activate Integrin. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:12381-9. [PMID: 26309152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b06457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are major players in cell adhesion and migration, and malfunctions in controlling their activity are associated with various diseases. Nevertheless, the details of integrin activation are not completely understood, and the role of lipids in the process is largely unknown. Herein, we show using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations that the interplay of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and talin may directly alter the conformation of integrin αIIbβ3. Our results provide a new perspective on the role of PIP2 in integrin activation and indicate that the charged PIP2 lipid headgroup can perturb a clasp at the cytoplasmic face of the integrin heterodimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Orłowski
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology , P.O. Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Sampo Kukkurainen
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere , FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories Ltd. , FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Annika Pöyry
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology , P.O. Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Sami Rissanen
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology , P.O. Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology , P.O. Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, MEMPHYS-Center for Biomembrane Physics, University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere , FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories Ltd. , FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tomasz Róg
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology , P.O. Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
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60
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Becker B, Doan JM, Wustman B, Carpenter EJ, Chen L, Zhang Y, Wong GKS, Melkonian M. The Origin and Evolution of the Plant Cell Surface: Algal Integrin-Associated Proteins and a New Family of Integrin-Like Cytoskeleton-ECM Linker Proteins. Genome Biol Evol 2015; 7:1580-9. [PMID: 25977459 PMCID: PMC4494055 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evv089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix of scaly green flagellates consists of small organic scales consisting of polysaccharides and scale-associated proteins (SAPs). Molecular phylogenies have shown that these organisms represent the ancestral stock of flagellates from which all green plants (Viridiplantae) evolved. The molecular characterization of four different SAPs is presented. Three SAPs are type-2 membrane proteins with an arginine/alanine-rich short cytoplasmic tail and an extracellular domain that is most likely of bacterial origin. The fourth protein is a filamin-like protein. In addition, we report the presence of proteins similar to the integrin-associated proteins α-actinin (in transcriptomes of glaucophytes and some viridiplants), LIM-domain proteins, and integrin-associated kinase in transcriptomes of viridiplants, glaucophytes, and rhodophytes. We propose that the membrane proteins identified are the predicted linkers between scales and the cytoskeleton. These proteins are present in many green algae but are apparently absent from embryophytes. These proteins represent a new protein family we have termed gralins for green algal integrins. Gralins are absent from embryophytes. A model for the evolution of the cell surface proteins in Plantae is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Becker
- Biozentrum Köln, Botanical Institute, Universität zu Köln, Germany
| | - Jean Michel Doan
- Biozentrum Köln, Botanical Institute, Universität zu Köln, Germany
| | - Brandon Wustman
- Biozentrum Köln, Botanical Institute, Universität zu Köln, Germany
| | - Eric J Carpenter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Li Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Bei Shan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Bei Shan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gane K-S Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada BGI-Shenzhen, Bei Shan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen, China Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Liu J, Wang Z, Thinn AMM, Ma YQ, Zhu J. The dual structural roles of the membrane distal region of the α-integrin cytoplasmic tail during integrin inside-out activation. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:1718-31. [PMID: 25749862 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.160663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on the mechanism of integrin inside-out activation have been focused on the role of β-integrin cytoplasmic tails, which are relatively conserved and bear binding sites for the intracellular activators including talin and kindlin. Cytoplasmic tails for α-integrins share a conserved GFFKR motif at the membrane-proximal region and this forms a specific interface with the β-integrin membrane-proximal region to keep the integrin inactive. The α-integrin membrane-distal regions, after the GFFKR motif, are diverse both in length and sequence and their roles in integrin activation have not been well-defined. In this study, we report that the α-integrin cytoplasmic membrane-distal region contributes to maintaining integrin in the resting state and to integrin inside-out activation. Complete deletion of the α-integrin membrane-distal region diminished talin- and kindlin-mediated integrin ligand binding and conformational change. A proper length and suitable amino acids in α-integrin membrane-distal region was found to be important for integrin inside-out activation. Our data establish an essential role for the α-integrin cytoplasmic membrane-distal region in integrin activation and provide new insights into how talin and kindlin induce the high-affinity integrin conformation that is required for fully functional integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafu Liu
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Zhengli Wang
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA College of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Aye Myat Myat Thinn
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Yan-Qing Ma
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Jieqing Zhu
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Ventresca EM, Lecht S, Jakubowski P, Chiaverelli RA, Weaver M, Del Valle L, Ettinger K, Gincberg G, Priel A, Braiman A, Lazarovici P, Lelkes PI, Marcinkiewicz C. Association of p75(NTR) and α9β1 integrin modulates NGF-dependent cellular responses. Cell Signal 2015; 27:1225-36. [PMID: 25748048 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Direct interaction of α9β1 integrin with nerve growth factor (NGF) has been previously reported to induce pro-proliferative and pro-survival activities of non-neuronal cells. We investigated participation of p75(NTR) in α9β1 integrin-dependent cellular response to NGF stimulation. Using selective transfection of glioma cell lines with these receptors, we showed a strong, cation-independent association of α9 integrin subunit with p75(NTR) on the cellular membrane by selective immunoprecipitation experiments. The presence of the α9/p75(NTR) complex increases NGF-dependent cell adhesion, proliferation and migration. Other integrin subunits including β1 were not found in complex with p75(NTR). FRET analysis indicated that p75(NTR) and α9 integrin subunit are not closely associated through their cytoplasmic domains, most probably because of the molecular interference with other cytoplasmic proteins such as paxillin. Interaction of α9β1 integrin with another ligand, VCAM-1 was not modulated by the p75(NTR). α9/p75(NTR) complex elevated NGF-dependent activation of MAPK Erk1/2 arty for integrin that may create active complexes with other types of receptors belonging to the TNF superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Ventresca
- CoE Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shimon Lecht
- CoE Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Piotr Jakubowski
- CoE Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Michael Weaver
- Department of Neurosurgery, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Luis Del Valle
- Department of Medicine and Pathology, Stanley Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Keren Ettinger
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Galit Gincberg
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avi Priel
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alex Braiman
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, The Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Philip Lazarovici
- CoE Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Peter I Lelkes
- CoE Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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63
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Olivares-Navarrete R, Rodil SE, Hyzy SL, Dunn GR, Almaguer-Flores A, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD. Role of integrin subunits in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and osteoblast maturation on graphitic carbon-coated microstructured surfaces. Biomaterials 2015; 51:69-79. [PMID: 25770999 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Surface roughness, topography, chemistry, and energy promote osteoblast differentiation and increase osteogenic local factor production in vitro and bone-to-implant contact in vivo, but the mechanisms involved are not well understood. Knockdown of integrin heterodimer alpha2beta1 (α2β1) blocks the osteogenic effects of the surface, suggesting signaling by this integrin homodimer is required. The purpose of the present study was to separate effects of surface chemistry and surface structure on integrin expression by coating smooth or rough titanium (Ti) substrates with graphitic carbon, retaining surface morphology but altering surface chemistry. Ti surfaces (smooth [Ra < 0.4 μm], rough [Ra ≥ 3.4 μm]) were sputter-coated using a magnetron sputtering system with an ultrapure graphite target, producing a graphitic carbon thin film. Human mesenchymal stem cells and MG63 osteoblast-like cells had higher mRNA for integrin subunits α1, α2, αv, and β1 on rough surfaces in comparison to smooth, and integrin αv on graphitic-carbon-coated rough surfaces in comparison to Ti. Osteogenic differentiation was greater on rough surfaces in comparison to smooth, regardless of chemistry. Silencing integrins β1, α1, or α2 decreased osteoblast maturation on rough surfaces independent of surface chemistry. Silencing integrin αv decreased maturation only on graphitic carbon-coated surfaces, not on Ti. These results suggest a major role of the integrin β1 subunit in roughness recognition, and that integrin alpha subunits play a major role in surface chemistry recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Olivares-Navarrete
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sandra E Rodil
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sharon L Hyzy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ginger R Dunn
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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CW-EPR studies revealed different motional properties and oligomeric states of the integrin β1a transmembrane domain in detergent micelles or liposomes. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7848. [PMID: 25597475 PMCID: PMC4297981 DOI: 10.1038/srep07848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric membrane proteins that regulate essential processes: cell migration, cell growth, extracellular matrix assembly and tumor metastasis. Each integrin α or β subunit contains a large extracellular domain, a single transmembrane (TM) domain, and a short cytoplasmic tail. The integrin TM domains are important for heterodimeric association and dissociation during the conversion from inactive to active states. Moreover, integrin clustering occurs by homo-oligomeric interactions between the TM helices. Here, the transmembrane and cytoplasmic (TMC) domains of integrin β1a were overexpressed, and the protein was purified in detergent micelles and/or reconstituted in liposomes. To investigate the TM domain conformational properties of integrin β1a, 26 consecutive single cysteine mutants were generated for site-directed spin labeling and continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance (CW-EPR) mobility and accessibility analyses. The mobility analysis identified two integrin β1a-TM regions with different motional properties in micelles and a non-continuous integrin β1a-TM helix with high immobility in liposomes. The accessibility analysis verified the TM range (Val737-Lys752) of the integrin β1a-TMC in micelles. Further mobility and accessibility comparisons of the integrin β1a-TMC domains in micelles or liposomes identified distinctively different oligomeric states of integrin β1a-TM, namely a monomer embedded in detergent micelles and leucine-zipper-like homo-oligomeric clusters in liposomes.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review considers recent developments concerning the role of integrins in vascular biology with a specific emphasis on integrin activation, and the crosstalk between integrins and growth factor receptors. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have shown leukocytes can mediate direct transfer of molecules into endothelial cells, how specific integrins can be used to transduce signaling events, in particular in vascular beds, and how endothelial cell integrins can be targeted with specific ligands for the delivery of therapeutics. Kindlin and talin are both essential for integrin activation based on in-vivo studies of mice and humans in which the genes encoding for these proteins have been inactivated. Recent studies have attempted to translate these in-vivo realities into in-vitro models with mixed results. SUMMARY Mechanisms and consequences of integrin-ligand interactions on blood and vascular cells remain a major topic of hematological research. Crucial to the ligand binding function of integrins are two intracellular binding partners, talin and kindlin. In seeking to define the molecular basis for 'integrin activation', a mechanism must be envisioned in which both proteins talin and kindlin are required to produce a productive functional response, be it platelet aggregation or leukocyte extravasation. On endothelial cells, integrins and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 influence the activation of one another by virtue of their direct physical interaction. It has been shown that this bidirectional communication is subject to regulation during angiogenesis.
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Wu J, Li Y, Dang YZ, Gao HX, Jiang JL, Chen ZN. HAb18G/CD147 promotes radioresistance in hepatocellular carcinoma cells: a potential role for integrin β1 signaling. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 14:553-63. [PMID: 25534361 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy has played a limited role in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) due to the risk of tumor radioresistance. A previous study in our laboratory confirmed that CD147 interacts with integrin β1 and plays an important role in modulating the malignant properties of HCC cells. In this study, we further evaluated the role of CD147 in the radioresistance of HCC and as a potential target for improving radiosensitivity. Upon irradiation, the colony formation, apoptosis, cell-cycle distribution, migration, and invasion of SMMC-7721, CD147-knockout SMMC-7721, HepG2, and CD147-knockdown HepG2 cells were determined. A nude mouse xenograft model and a metastatic model of HCC were used to detect the role of CD147 in radioresistance in vivo. Deletion of HAb18G/CD147 significantly enhanced the radiosensitivity of SMMC-7721 and HepG2 cells, and knocking out HAb18G/CD147 in SMMC-7721 cells attenuated irradiation-enhanced migration and invasion. The knockout and antibody blockade of CD147 decreased the tumor growth and metastatic potentials of HCC cells under irradiation. CD147-deleted SMMC-7721 cells showed diminished levels of calpain, cleaved talin, active integrin β1, and decreased p-FAK (Tyr397) and p-Akt (Ser473) levels. FAK and PI3K inhibitors, as well as integrin β1 antibodies, increased the radiation-induced apoptosis of SMMC-7721 cells. Our data provide evidence for CD147 as an important determinant of radioresistance via the regulation of integrin β1 signaling. Inhibition of the HAb18G/CD147 integrin interaction may improve the efficiency of radiosensitivity and provide a potential new approach for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wu
- Cell Engineering Research Center and Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong Li
- Cell Engineering Research Center and Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China. Department of Oncology, PLA 323 Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Ya-Zheng Dang
- Department of Oncology, PLA 323 Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Jian-Li Jiang
- Cell Engineering Research Center and Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Zhi-Nan Chen
- Cell Engineering Research Center and Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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67
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Uversky VN. Unreported intrinsic disorder in proteins: Building connections to the literature on IDPs. INTRINSICALLY DISORDERED PROTEINS 2014; 2:e970499. [PMID: 28232880 PMCID: PMC5314882 DOI: 10.4161/21690693.2014.970499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review opens a new series entitled “Unreported intrinsic disorder in proteins.” The goal of this series is to bring attention of researchers to an interesting phenomenon of missed (or overlooked, or ignored, or unreported) disorder. This series serves as a companion to “Digested Disorder” which provides a quarterly review of papers on intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) found by standard literature searches. The need for this alternative series results from the observation that there are numerous publications that describe IDPs (or hybrid proteins with ordered and disordered regions) yet fail to recognize many of the key discoveries and publications in the IDP field. By ignoring the body of work on IDPs, such publications often fail to relate their findings to prior discoveries or fail to explore the obvious implications of their work. Thus, the goal of this series is not only to review these very interesting and important papers, but also to point out how each paper relates to the IDP field and show how common tools in the IDP field can readily take the findings in new directions or provide a broader context for the reported findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute; Morsani College of Medicine; University of South Florida; Tampa, FL USA; Institute for Biological Instrumentation; Russian Academy of Sciences; Pushchino, Russia; Biology Department; Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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68
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Hohenester E. Signalling complexes at the cell-matrix interface. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2014; 29:10-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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69
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Koivisto L, Heino J, Häkkinen L, Larjava H. Integrins in Wound Healing. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2014; 3:762-783. [PMID: 25493210 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2013.0436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Significance: Regulation of cell adhesions during tissue repair is fundamentally important for cell migration, proliferation, and protein production. All cells interact with extracellular matrix proteins with cell surface integrin receptors that convey signals from the environment into the nucleus, regulating gene expression and cell behavior. Integrins also interact with a variety of other proteins, such as growth factors, their receptors, and proteolytic enzymes. Re-epithelialization and granulation tissue formation are crucially dependent on the temporospatial function of multiple integrins. This review explains how integrins function in wound repair. Recent Advances: Certain integrins can activate latent transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) that modulates wound inflammation and granulation tissue formation. Dysregulation of TGF-β1 function is associated with scarring and fibrotic disorders. Therefore, these integrins represent targets for therapeutic intervention in fibrosis. Critical Issues: Integrins have multifaceted functions and extensive crosstalk with other cell surface receptors and molecules. Moreover, in aberrant healing, integrins may assume different functions, further increasing the complexity of their functionality. Discovering and understanding the role that integrins play in wound healing provides an opportunity to identify the mechanisms for medical conditions, such as excessive scarring, chronic wounds, and even cancer. Future Directions: Integrin functions in acute and chronic wounds should be further addressed in models better mimicking human wounds. Application of any products in acute or chronic wounds will potentially alter integrin functions that need to be carefully considered in the design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leeni Koivisto
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jyrki Heino
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Lari Häkkinen
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hannu Larjava
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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70
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Gahmberg CG, Grönholm M, Uotila LM. Regulation of integrin activity by phosphorylation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 819:85-96. [PMID: 25023169 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9153-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric complex type I membrane proteins involved in cellular adhesion and signaling. They exist as inactive molecules in resting cells, and need activation to become adhesive. Although much is known about their structure, and a large number of interacting molecules have been described, we still only partially understand how their activities are regulated. In this review we focus on the leukocyte-specific β2-integrins and, specifically, on the role of integrin phosphorylation in the regulation of activity. Phosphorylation reactions can be fast and reversible, thus enabling strictly directed regulatory activities both time-wise and locally in specific regions of the plasma membrane in different leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl G Gahmberg
- Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5, 00014, Helsinki, Finland,
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71
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Alexander SPH, Benson HE, Faccenda E, Pawson AJ, Sharman JL, Spedding M, Peters JA, Harmar AJ. The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14: catalytic receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 170:1676-705. [PMID: 24528241 PMCID: PMC3892291 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14 provides concise overviews of the key properties of over 2000 human drug targets with their pharmacology, plus links to an open access knowledgebase of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. The full contents can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.12444/full. Catalytic receptors are one of the seven major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being G protein-coupled receptors, ligand-gated ion channels, ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, transporters and enzymes. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. A new landscape format has easy to use tables comparing related targets. It is a condensed version of material contemporary to late 2013, which is presented in greater detail and constantly updated on the website www.guidetopharmacology.org, superseding data presented in previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in conjunction with NC-IUPHAR and provides the official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate. It consolidates information previously curated and displayed separately in IUPHAR-DB and the Guide to Receptors and Channels, providing a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P H Alexander
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
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72
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Whitson RJ, Lucia MS, Lambert JR. Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) suppresses in vitro angiogenesis through a novel interaction with connective tissue growth factor (CCN2). J Cell Biochem 2014; 114:1424-33. [PMID: 23280549 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) and the CCN family member, connective tissue growth factor (CCN2), are associated with cardiac disease, inflammation, and cancer. The precise role and signaling mechanism for these factors in normal and diseased tissues remains elusive. Here we demonstrate an interaction between GDF-15 and CCN2 using yeast two-hybrid assays and have mapped the domain of interaction to the von Willebrand factor type C domain of CCN2. Biochemical pull down assays using secreted GDF-15 and His-tagged CCN2 produced in PC-3 prostate cancer cells confirmed a direct interaction between these proteins. To investigate the functional consequences of this interaction, in vitro angiogenesis assays were performed. We demonstrate that GDF-15 blocks CCN2-mediated tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVEC) cells. To examine the molecular mechanism whereby GDF-15 inhibits CCN2-mediated angiogenesis, activation of αV β3 integrins and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) was examined. CCN2-mediated FAK activation was inhibited by GDF-15 and was accompanied by a decrease in αV β3 integrin clustering in HUVEC cells. These results demonstrate, for the first time, a novel signaling pathway for GDF-15 through interaction with the matricellular signaling molecule CCN2. Furthermore, antagonism of CCN2 mediated angiogenesis by GDF-15 may provide insight into the functional role of GDF-15 in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon J Whitson
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
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73
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Rozario T, Mead PE, DeSimone DW. Diverse functions of kindlin/fermitin proteins during embryonic development in Xenopus laevis. Mech Dev 2014; 133:203-17. [PMID: 25173804 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The kindlin/fermitin family includes three proteins involved in regulating integrin ligand-binding activity and adhesion. Loss-of-function mutations in kindlins1 and 3 have been implicated in Kindler Syndrome and Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency III (LAD-III) respectively, whereas kindlin2 null mice are embryonic lethal. Post translational regulation of cell-cell and cell-ECM adhesion has long been presumed to be important for morphogenesis, however, few specific examples of activation-dependent changes in adhesion molecule function in normal development have been reported. In this study, antisense morpholinos were used to reduce expression of individual kindlins in Xenopus laevis embryos in order to investigate their roles in early development. Kindlin1 knockdown resulted in developmental delays, gross malformations of the gut and eventual lethality by tadpole stages. Kindlin2 morphant embryos displayed late stage defects in vascular maintenance and angiogenic branching consistent with kindlin2 loss of function in the mouse. Antisense morpholinos were also used to deplete maternal kindlin2 protein in oocytes and eggs. Embryos lacking maternal kindlin2 arrested at early cleavage stages due to failures in cytokinesis. Kindlin3 morphant phenotypes included defects in epidermal ciliary beating and partial paralysis at tailbud stages but these embryos recovered eventually as morpholino levels decayed. These results indicate a remarkably diverse range of kindlin functions in vertebrate development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Rozario
- Department of Cell Biology and The Morphogenesis and Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Paul E Mead
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Douglas W DeSimone
- Department of Cell Biology and The Morphogenesis and Regenerative Medicine Institute, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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74
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Pan L, North HA, Sahni V, Jeong SJ, Mcguire TL, Berns EJ, Stupp SI, Kessler JA. β1-Integrin and integrin linked kinase regulate astrocytic differentiation of neural stem cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104335. [PMID: 25098415 PMCID: PMC4123915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrogliosis with glial scar formation after damage to the nervous system is a major impediment to axonal regeneration and functional recovery. The present study examined the role of β1-integrin signaling in regulating astrocytic differentiation of neural stem cells. In the adult spinal cord β1-integrin is expressed predominantly in the ependymal region where ependymal stem cells (ESCs) reside. β1-integrin signaling suppressed astrocytic differentiation of both cultured ESCs and subventricular zone (SVZ) progenitor cells. Conditional knockout of β1-integrin enhanced astrogliogenesis both by cultured ESCs and by SVZ progenitor cells. Previous studies have shown that injection into the injured spinal cord of a self-assembling peptide amphiphile that displays an IKVAV epitope (IKVAV-PA) limits glial scar formation and enhances functional recovery. Here we find that injection of IKVAV-PA induced high levels of β1-integrin in ESCs in vivo, and that conditional knockout of β1-integrin abolished the astroglial suppressive effects of IKVAV-PA in vitro. Injection into an injured spinal cord of PAs expressing two other epitopes known to interact with β1-integrin, a Tenascin C epitope and the fibronectin epitope RGD, improved functional recovery comparable to the effects of IKVAV-PA. Finally we found that the effects of β1-integrin signaling on astrogliosis are mediated by integrin linked kinase (ILK). These observations demonstrate an important role for β1-integrin/ILK signaling in regulating astrogliosis from ESCs and suggest ILK as a potential target for limiting glial scar formation after nervous system injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuliu Pan
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Hilary A. North
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Vibhu Sahni
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Su Ji Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Tammy L. Mcguire
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Eric J. Berns
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Samuel I. Stupp
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Medicine and Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - John A. Kessler
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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Galletti P, Soldati R, Pori M, Durso M, Tolomelli A, Gentilucci L, Dattoli SD, Baiula M, Spampinato S, Giacomini D. Targeting integrins αvβ3 and α5β1 with new β-lactam derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 83:284-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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76
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Bischoff A, Huck B, Keller B, Strotbek M, Schmid S, Boerries M, Busch H, Müller D, Olayioye MA. miR149 functions as a tumor suppressor by controlling breast epithelial cell migration and invasion. Cancer Res 2014; 74:5256-65. [PMID: 25035394 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Deregulated molecular signaling pathways are responsible for the altered adhesive, migratory, and invasive properties of cancer cells. The different breast cancer subtypes are characterized by the expression of distinct miRNAs, short non-coding RNAs that posttranscriptionally modulate the expression of entire gene networks. Profiling studies have revealed downregulation of miR149 in basal breast cancer. Here, we show that miR149 expression severely impairs cell spreading, migration, and invasion of basal-like breast cancer cells. We identify signaling molecules, including the small GTPases Rap1a and Rap1b, downstream of integrin receptors as miR149 targets, providing an explanation for the defective Src and Rac activation during cell adhesion and spreading upon miR149 expression. Suppression of cell spreading by miR149 could be rescued, at least in part, by expression of constitutively active Rac. Finally, we demonstrate that increased miR149 levels block lung colonization in vivo. On the basis of our findings, we propose that miR149 downregulation in basal breast cancer facilitates the metastatic dissemination of tumor cells by supporting aberrant Rac activation. Cancer Res; 74(18); 5256-65. ©2014 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabell Bischoff
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bettina Huck
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bettina Keller
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michaela Strotbek
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Simone Schmid
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Melanie Boerries
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hauke Busch
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dafne Müller
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Monilola A Olayioye
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring, Stuttgart, Germany.
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77
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Mierke CT. The fundamental role of mechanical properties in the progression of cancer disease and inflammation. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2014; 77:076602. [PMID: 25006689 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/77/7/076602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of mechanical properties in cancer disease and inflammation is still underinvestigated and even ignored in many oncological and immunological reviews. In particular, eight classical hallmarks of cancer have been proposed, but they still ignore the mechanics behind the processes that facilitate cancer progression. To define the malignant transformation of neoplasms and finally reveal the functional pathway that enables cancer cells to promote cancer progression, these classical hallmarks of cancer require the inclusion of specific mechanical properties of cancer cells and their microenvironment such as the extracellular matrix as well as embedded cells such as fibroblasts, macrophages or endothelial cells. Thus, this review will present current cancer research from a biophysical point of view and will therefore focus on novel physical aspects and biophysical methods to investigate the aggressiveness of cancer cells and the process of inflammation. As cancer or immune cells are embedded in a certain microenvironment such as the extracellular matrix, the mechanical properties of this microenvironment cannot be neglected, and alterations of the microenvironment may have an impact on the mechanical properties of the cancer or immune cells. Here, it is highlighted how biophysical approaches, both experimental and theoretical, have an impact on the classical hallmarks of cancer and inflammation. It is even pointed out how these biophysical approaches contribute to the understanding of the regulation of cancer disease and inflammatory responses after tissue injury through physical microenvironmental property sensing mechanisms. The recognized physical signals are transduced into biochemical signaling events that guide cellular responses, such as malignant tumor progression, after the transition of cancer cells from an epithelial to a mesenchymal phenotype or an inflammatory response due to tissue injury. Moreover, cell adaptation to mechanical alterations, in particular the understanding of mechano-coupling and mechano-regulating functions in cell invasion, appears as an important step in cancer progression and inflammatory response to injuries. This may lead to novel insights into cancer disease and inflammatory diseases and will overcome classical views on cancer and inflammation. In addition, this review will discuss how the physics of cancer and inflammation can help to reveal whether cancer cells will invade connective tissue and metastasize or how leukocytes extravasate and migrate through the tissue. In this review, the physical concepts of cancer progression, including the tissue basement membrane a cancer cell is crossing, its invasion and transendothelial migration as well as the basic physical concepts of inflammatory processes and the cellular responses to the mechanical stress of the microenvironment such as external forces and matrix stiffness, are presented and discussed. In conclusion, this review will finally show how physical measurements can improve classical approaches that investigate cancer and inflammatory diseases, and how these physical insights can be integrated into classical tumor biological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tanja Mierke
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Institute of Experimental Physics I, Biological Physics Division, University of Leipzig, Linnéstr. 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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78
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Fadeeva E, Deiwick A, Chichkov B, Schlie-Wolter S. Impact of laser-structured biomaterial interfaces on guided cell responses. Interface Focus 2014; 4:20130048. [PMID: 24501676 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2013.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
To achieve a perfect integration of biomaterials into the body, tissue formation in contact with the interface has to be controlled. In this connection, a selective cell control is required: fibrotic encapsulation has to be inhibited, while tissue guidance has to be stimulated. As conventional biomaterials do not fulfil this specification, functionalization of the biointerface is under development to mimic the natural environment of the cells. One approach focuses on the fabrication of defined surface topographies. Thereby, ultrashort pulse laser ablation is very beneficial, owing to a large variety of fabricated structures, reduced heat-affected zones, high precision and reproducibility. We demonstrate that nanostructures in platinum and microstructures in silicon selectively control cell behaviour: inhibiting fibroblasts, while stimulating neuronal attachment and differentiation. However, the control of fibroblasts strongly correlates with the created size dimensions of the surface structures. These findings suggest favourable biomaterial interfaces for electronic devices. The mechanisms which are responsible for selective cell control are poorly understood. To give an insight, cell behaviour in dependence of biomaterial interfaces is discussed-including basic research on the role of the extracellular matrix. This knowledge is essential to understand such specific cell responses and to optimize biomaterial interfaces for future biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Fadeeva
- Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V. , Hollerithallee 8, 30419 Hannover , Germany
| | - Andrea Deiwick
- Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V. , Hollerithallee 8, 30419 Hannover , Germany
| | - Boris Chichkov
- Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V. , Hollerithallee 8, 30419 Hannover , Germany ; Institute of Quantum Optics , Leibniz University Hannover , Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover , Germany
| | - Sabrina Schlie-Wolter
- Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V. , Hollerithallee 8, 30419 Hannover , Germany ; Institute of Quantum Optics , Leibniz University Hannover , Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover , Germany
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79
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Yamaguchi DT. “Ins” and “Outs” of mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis in regenerative medicine. World J Stem Cells 2014; 6:94-110. [PMID: 24772237 PMCID: PMC3999785 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v6.i2.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Repair and regeneration of bone requires mesenchymal stem cells that by self-renewal, are able to generate a critical mass of cells with the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts that can produce bone protein matrix (osteoid) and enable its mineralization. The number of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) diminishes with age and ex vivo replication of hMSCs has limited potential. While propagating hMSCs under hypoxic conditions may maintain their ability to self-renew, the strategy of using human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) to allow for hMSCs to prolong their replicative lifespan is an attractive means of ensuring a critical mass of cells with the potential to differentiate into various mesodermal structural tissues including bone. However, this strategy must be tempered by the oncogenic potential of TERT-transformed cells, or their ability to enhance already established cancers, the unknown differentiating potential of high population doubling hMSCs and the source of hMSCs (e.g., bone marrow, adipose-derived, muscle-derived, umbilical cord blood, etc.) that may provide peculiarities to self-renewal, differentiation, and physiologic function that may differ from non-transformed native cells. Tissue engineering approaches to use hMSCs to repair bone defects utilize the growth of hMSCs on three-dimensional scaffolds that can either be a base on which hMSCs can attach and grow or as a means of sequestering growth factors to assist in the chemoattraction and differentiation of native hMSCs. The use of whole native extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by hMSCs, rather than individual ECM components, appear to be advantageous in not only being utilized as a three-dimensional attachment base but also in appropriate orientation of cells and their differentiation through the growth factors that native ECM harbor or in simulating growth factor motifs. The origin of native ECM, whether from hMSCs from young or old individuals is a critical factor in “rejuvenating” hMSCs from older individuals grown on ECM from younger individuals.
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80
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Kouro H, Kon S, Matsumoto N, Miyashita T, Kakuchi A, Ashitomi D, Saitoh K, Nakatsuru T, Togi S, Muromoto R, Matsuda T. The novel α4B murine α4 integrin protein splicing variant inhibits α4 protein-dependent cell adhesion. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:16389-98. [PMID: 24755217 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.553610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins affect the motility of multiple cell types to control cell survival, growth, or differentiation, which are mediated by cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. We reported previously that the α9 integrin splicing variant, SFα9, promotes WT α9 integrin-dependent adhesion. In this study, we introduced a new murine α4 integrin splicing variant, α4B, which has a novel short cytoplasmic tail. In inflamed tissues, the expression of α4B, as well as WT α4 integrin, was up-regulated. Cells expressing α4B specifically bound to VCAM-1 but not other α4 integrin ligands, such as fibronectin CS1 or osteopontin. The binding of cells expressing WT α4 integrin to α4 integrin ligands is inhibited by coexpression of α4B. Knockdown of α4B in metastatic melanoma cell lines results in a significant increase in lung metastasis. Expression levels of WT α4 integrin are unaltered by α4B, with α4B acting as a regulatory subunit for WT α4 integrin by a dominant-negative effect or inhibiting α4 integrin activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Kouro
- From the Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Kon
- From the Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Naoki Matsumoto
- From the Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Tomoe Miyashita
- From the Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Ayaka Kakuchi
- From the Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Dai Ashitomi
- From the Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kodai Saitoh
- From the Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takuya Nakatsuru
- From the Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Sumihito Togi
- From the Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Ryuta Muromoto
- From the Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsuda
- From the Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
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81
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Mehrbod M, Trisno S, Mofrad MRK. On the activation of integrin αIIbβ3: outside-in and inside-out pathways. Biophys J 2014; 105:1304-15. [PMID: 24047981 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin αIIbβ3 is a member of the integrin family of transmembrane proteins present on the plasma membrane of platelets. Integrin αIIbβ3 is widely known to regulate the process of thrombosis via activation at its cytoplasmic side by talin and interaction with the soluble fibrinogen. It is also reported that three groups of interactions restrain integrin family members in the inactive state, including a set of salt bridges on the cytoplasmic side of the transmembrane domain of the integrin α- and β-subunits known as the inner membrane clasp, hydrophobic packing of a few transmembrane residues on the extracellular side between the α- and β-subunits that is known as the outer membrane clasp, and the key interaction group of the βA domain (located on the β-subunit head domain) with the βTD (proximal to the plasma membrane on the β-subunit). However, molecular details of this key interaction group as well as events that lead to detachment of the βTD and βA domains have remained ambiguous. In this study, we use molecular dynamics models to take a comprehensive outside-in and inside-out approach at exploring how integrin αIIbβ3 is activated. First, we show that talin's interaction with the membrane-proximal and membrane-distal regions of integrin cytoplasmic-transmembrane domains significantly loosens the inner membrane clasp. Talin also interacts with an additional salt bridge (R734-E1006), which facilitates integrin activation through the separation of the integrin's α- and β-subunits. The second part of our study classifies three types of interactions between RGD peptides and the extracellular domains of integrin αIIbβ3. Finally, we show that the interaction of the Arg of the RGD sequence may activate integrin via disrupting the key interaction group between K350 on the βA domain and S673/S674 on the βTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Mehrbod
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California; and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
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82
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Yates LA, Gilbert RJC. Efficient production and purification of recombinant murine kindlin-3 from insect cells for biophysical studies. J Vis Exp 2014. [PMID: 24686835 PMCID: PMC4153465 DOI: 10.3791/51206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Kindlins are essential coactivators, with talin, of the cell surface receptors integrins and also participate in integrin outside-in signalling, and the control of gene transcription in the cell nucleus. The kindlins are ~75 kDa multidomain proteins and bind to an NPxY motif and upstream T/S cluster of the integrin β-subunit cytoplasmic tail. The hematopoietically-important kindlin isoform, kindlin-3, is critical for platelet aggregation during thrombus formation, leukocyte rolling in response to infection and inflammation and osteoclast podocyte formation in bone resorption. Kindlin-3's role in these processes has resulted in extensive cellular and physiological studies. However, there is a need for an efficient method of acquiring high quality milligram quantities of the protein for further studies. We have developed a protocol, here described, for the efficient expression and purification of recombinant murine kindlin-3 by use of a baculovirus-driven expression system in Sf9 cells yielding sufficient amounts of high purity full-length protein to allow its biophysical characterization. The same approach could be taken in the study of the other mammalian kindlin isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A Yates
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford;
| | - Robert J C Gilbert
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford;
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83
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Oldenburg J, de Rooij J. Mechanical control of the endothelial barrier. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 355:545-55. [PMID: 24519624 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1792-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The integrity of the endothelial barrier is controlled by the combined action of chemical and mechanical signaling systems. Permeability-regulating factors signal through small GTPases to regulate the architecture of the cytoskeleton and this has a strong impact on the morphology and stability of VE-cadherin-based cell-cell junctions. The details of how structural and mechanical properties of the actin cytoskeleton influence cell-cell adhesion and how this impacts the dynamic regulation of the endothelial barrier, are beginning to be elucidated. In this review, we discuss the physical and regulatory interactions between the VE-cadherin complex and the actomysoin cytoskeleton, as they are the main determinants of cell-cell adhesion and the mechanical architecture of the cytoskeleton. We discuss, based on recent in vitro data, how a balance between Linear Adherens Junctions, paralleled by cortical actin bundles and Focal Adherens Junctions, connected to radial action bundles, determines endothelial barrier function. We discuss how small GTPases control this balance by regulating the spatial organization and mechanics of actomyosin. We propose a hypothetical model of how biochemical and mechanical signals cooperate locally, at the actomyosin-adhesion interface to open and re-seal the barrier in a rapid and controlled manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joppe Oldenburg
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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84
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Jahed Z, Shams H, Mehrbod M, Mofrad MRK. Mechanotransduction pathways linking the extracellular matrix to the nucleus. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 310:171-220. [PMID: 24725427 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800180-6.00005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cells contain several mechanosensing components that transduce mechanical signals into biochemical cascades. During cell-ECM adhesion, a complex network of molecules mechanically couples the extracellular matrix (ECM), cytoskeleton, and nucleoskeleton. The network comprises transmembrane receptor proteins and focal adhesions, which link the ECM and cytoskeleton. Additionally, recently identified protein complexes extend this linkage to the nucleus by linking the cytoskeleton and the nucleoskeleton. Despite numerous studies in this field, due to the complexity of this network, our knowledge of the mechanisms of cell-ECM adhesion at the molecular level remains remarkably incomplete. Herein, we present a review of the structures of key molecules involved in cell-ECM adhesion, along with an evaluation of their predicted roles in mechanical sensing. Additionally, specific binding events prompted by force-induced conformational changes of each molecule are discussed. Finally, we propose a model for the biomechanical events prominent in cell-ECM adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Jahed
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Hengameh Shams
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Mehrdad Mehrbod
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Mohammad R K Mofrad
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
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85
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Peng ZM, Yu W, Xie Y, Peng WH, Cao HH, Shen JH, Wu ZY, Li EM, Xu LY. A four actin-binding protein signature model for poor prognosis of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:5950-9. [PMID: 25337239 PMCID: PMC4203210 DOI: pmid/25337239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is a dynamic structure with actin-binding proteins (ABPs) playing an essential role in the regulation of migration, differentiation and signal transduction in all eukaryotic cells. We examined the relationship between altered expression of four ABPs and clinical parameters in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). To this end, we analyzed 152 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded esophageal curative resection specimens by immunohistochemistry for tensin, profilin-1, villin-1 and talin. A molecular predictor model, based on the combined expression of the four proteins, was developed to correlate the expression pattern of the four ABPs with clinical factors and prognosis of ESCC. According to the results, weak significance was found for tensin in lymph node metastasis (P=0.033), and profilin-1 in pTNM stage (P=0.031). However, our four-protein model showed strong correlation with the 5-year overall survival rate (P=0.002). Similarly, Kendall's tau-b test also showed the relationship between the collective expression pattern of the four ABPs with lymph node metastasis (P=0.005) and pTNM stage (P=0.001). Our results demonstrate that the collective protein expression pattern of four actin-binding proteins could be a biomarker to estimate the prognosis of ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Mei Peng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou 515041, P. R. China
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou 515041, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou 515041, P. R. China
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou 515041, P. R. China
| | - Ying Xie
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou 515041, P. R. China
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou 515041, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Hua Peng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou 515041, P. R. China
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou 515041, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Hui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou 515041, P. R. China
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou 515041, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Hui Shen
- Department of Pathology, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityShantou 515041, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Yong Wu
- Department of Oncologic Surgery, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityShantou 515041, P. R. China
| | - En-Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou 515041, P. R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou 515041, P. R. China
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou 515041, P. R. China
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou 515041, P. R. China
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86
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Beauséjour M, Thibodeau S, Demers MJ, Bouchard V, Gauthier R, Beaulieu JF, Vachon PH. Suppression of anoikis in human intestinal epithelial cells: differentiation state-selective roles of α2β1, α3β1, α5β1, and α6β4 integrins. BMC Cell Biol 2013; 14:53. [PMID: 24289209 PMCID: PMC4219346 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-14-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Regulation of anoikis in human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) implicates differentiation state-specific mechanisms. Human IECs express distinct repertoires of integrins according to their state of differentiation. Therefore, we investigated whether α2β1, α3β1, α5β1, and α6β4 integrins perform differentiation state-specific roles in the suppression of IEC anoikis. Results Human (HIEC, Caco-2/15) IECs were exposed to specific antibodies that block the binding activity of integrin subunits (α2, α3, α5, α6, β1 or β4) to verify whether or not their inhibition induced anoikis. The knockdown of α6 was also performed by shRNA. Additionally, apoptosis/anoikis was induced by pharmacological inhibition of Fak (PF573228) or Src (PP2). Anoikis/apoptosis was assayed by DNA laddering, ISEL, and/or caspase activity (CASP-8, -9, or -3). Activation levels of Fak and Src, as well as functional Fak-Src interactions, were also assessed. We report herein that differentiated IECs exhibit a greater sensitivity to anoikis than undifferentiated ones. This involves an earlier onset of anoikis when kept in suspension, as well as significantly greater contributions from β1 and β4 integrins in the suppression of anoikis in differentiated cells, and functional distinctions between β1 and β4 integrins in engaging both Fak and Src, or Src only, respectively. Likewise, Fak performs significantly greater contributions in the suppression of anoikis in differentiated cells. Additionally, we show that α2β1 and α5β1 suppress anoikis in undifferentiated cells, whereas α3β1 does so in differentiated ones. Furthermore, we provide evidence that α6β4 contributes to the suppression of anoikis in a primarily α6 subunit-dependent manner in undifferentiated cells, whereas this same integrin in differentiated cells performs significantly greater contributions in anoikis suppression than its undifferentiated state-counterpart, in addition to doing so through a dependence on both of its subunits. Conclusions Our findings indicate that the suppression of human IEC anoikis implicates differentiation state-selective repertoires of integrins, which in turn results into distinctions in anoikis regulation, and sensitivity, between undifferentiated and differentiated IECs. These data further the functional understanding of the concept that the suppression of anoikis is subjected to cell differentiation state-selective mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Beauséjour
- Département d'anatomie et de biologie cellulaire, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, J1H5N4 Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
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87
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Kalli AC, Campbell ID, Sansom MSP. Conformational changes in talin on binding to anionic phospholipid membranes facilitate signaling by integrin transmembrane helices. PLoS Comput Biol 2013; 9:e1003316. [PMID: 24204243 PMCID: PMC3814715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric (αβ) cell surface receptors that are activated to a high affinity state by the formation of a complex involving the α/β integrin transmembrane helix dimer, the head domain of talin (a cytoplasmic protein that links integrins to actin), and the membrane. The talin head domain contains four sub-domains (F0, F1, F2 and F3) with a long cationic loop inserted in the F1 domain. Here, we model the binding and interactions of the complete talin head domain with a phospholipid bilayer, using multiscale molecular dynamics simulations. The role of the inserted F1 loop, which is missing from the crystal structure of the talin head, PDB:3IVF, is explored. The results show that the talin head domain binds to the membrane predominantly via cationic regions on the F2 and F3 subdomains and the F1 loop. Upon binding, the intact talin head adopts a novel V-shaped conformation which optimizes its interactions with the membrane. Simulations of the complex of talin with the integrin α/β TM helix dimer in a membrane, show how this complex promotes a rearrangement, and eventual dissociation of, the integrin α and β transmembrane helices. A model for the talin-mediated integrin activation is proposed which describes how the mutual interplay of interactions between transmembrane helices, the cytoplasmic talin protein, and the lipid bilayer promotes integrin inside-out activation. Transmission of signals across the cell membrane is an essential process for all living organisms. Integrins are one example of cell surface receptors (αβ) which, uniquely, form a bidirectional signalling pathway across the membrane. Integrins are crucial for many cellular processes and play key roles in pathological defects such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. They are activated to a high affinity state by the intracellular protein talin in a process known as ‘inside-out activation’. Despite their importance and the existence of functional and structural data, the mechanism by which talin activates integrin remains elusive. In this study we use a multi-scale computational approach, which combines coarse-grained and atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, to suggest how the formation of the complex between the talin head domain, the cell membrane and the integrin moves the integrin equilibrium towards an active state. Our results show that conformational changes within the talin head domains optimize its interactions with the cell membrane. Upon binding to the integrin, talin facilitates rearrangement of the integrin TM region thus promoting integrin activation. This study also provides a demonstration of the strengths of a computational multi-scale approach in studies of membrane interactions and receptor conformational changes and associated proteins that enable transmembrane signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antreas C. Kalli
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Iain D. Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark S. P. Sansom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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88
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Abstract
At least 468 individual genes have been manipulated by molecular methods to study their effects on the initiation, promotion, and progression of atherosclerosis. Most clinicians and many investigators, even in related disciplines, find many of these genes and the related pathways entirely foreign. Medical schools generally do not attempt to incorporate the relevant molecular biology into their curriculum. A number of key signaling pathways are highly relevant to atherogenesis and are presented to provide a context for the gene manipulations summarized herein. The pathways include the following: the insulin receptor (and other receptor tyrosine kinases); Ras and MAPK activation; TNF-α and related family members leading to activation of NF-κB; effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on signaling; endothelial adaptations to flow including G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and integrin-related signaling; activation of endothelial and other cells by modified lipoproteins; purinergic signaling; control of leukocyte adhesion to endothelium, migration, and further activation; foam cell formation; and macrophage and vascular smooth muscle cell signaling related to proliferation, efferocytosis, and apoptosis. This review is intended primarily as an introduction to these key signaling pathways. They have become the focus of modern atherosclerosis research and will undoubtedly provide a rich resource for future innovation toward intervention and prevention of the number one cause of death in the modern world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul N Hopkins
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
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89
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Goult BT, Xu XP, Gingras AR, Swift M, Patel B, Bate N, Kopp PM, Barsukov IL, Critchley DR, Volkmann N, Hanein D. Structural studies on full-length talin1 reveal a compact auto-inhibited dimer: implications for talin activation. J Struct Biol 2013; 184:21-32. [PMID: 23726984 PMCID: PMC3799832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2013.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Talin is a large adaptor protein that activates integrins and couples them to cytoskeletal actin. Talin contains an N-terminal FERM (band 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin) domain (the head) linked to a flexible rod comprised of 13 amphipathic helical bundles (R1-R13) that terminate in a C-terminal helix (DD) that forms an anti-parallel dimer. We derived a three-dimensional structural model of full-length talin at a resolution of approximately 2.5nm using EM reconstruction of full-length talin and the known shapes of the individual domains and inter-domain angles as derived from small angle X-ray scattering. Talin adopts a compact conformation consistent with a dimer in which the two talin rods form a donut-shaped structure, with the two talin heads packed side by side occupying the hole at the center of this donut. In this configuration, the integrin binding site in the head domain and the actin-binding site at the carboxy-terminus of the rod are masked, implying that talin must unravel before it can support integrin activation and engage the actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T. Goult
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Xiao-Ping Xu
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alexandre R. Gingras
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Mark Swift
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bipin Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Neil Bate
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Petra M. Kopp
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Igor L. Barsukov
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - David R. Critchley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Niels Volkmann
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Dorit Hanein
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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90
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Setti A, Sankati HS, Devi TAP, Sekhar AC, Rao JV, Pawar SC. Structural insights into the extra cellular segment of integrinβ5 and molecular interaction studies. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2013; 33:319-24. [DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2013.822892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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91
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Mruk DD, Xiao X, Lydka M, Li MWM, Bilinska B, Cheng CY. Intercellular adhesion molecule 1: recent findings and new concepts involved in mammalian spermatogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2013; 29:43-54. [PMID: 23942142 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis, the process of spermatozoa production, is regulated by several endocrine factors, including testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and estradiol 17β. For spermatogenesis to reach completion, developing germ cells must traverse the seminiferous epithelium while remaining transiently attached to Sertoli cells. If germ cell adhesion were to be compromised for a period of time longer than usual, germ cells would slough from the seminiferous epithelium and infertility would result. Presently, Sertoli-germ cell adhesion is known to be mediated largely by classical and desmosomal cadherins. More recent studies, however, have begun to expand long-standing concepts and to examine the roles of other proteins such as intercellular adhesion molecules. In this review, we focus on the biology of intercellular adhesion molecules in the mammalian testis, hoping that this information is useful in the design of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores D Mruk
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States.
| | - Xiang Xiao
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Marta Lydka
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Michelle W M Li
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Barbara Bilinska
- Institute of Zoology, Department of Endocrinology, The Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - C Yan Cheng
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
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92
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Calderwood DA, Campbell ID, Critchley DR. Talins and kindlins: partners in integrin-mediated adhesion. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2013; 14:503-17. [PMID: 23860236 PMCID: PMC4116690 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Integrin receptors provide a dynamic, tightly-regulated link between the extracellular matrix (or cellular counter-receptors) and intracellular cytoskeletal and signalling networks, enabling cells to sense and respond to their chemical and physical environment. Talins and kindlins, two families of FERM-domain proteins, bind the cytoplasmic tail of integrins, recruit cytoskeletal and signalling proteins involved in mechanotransduction and synergize to activate integrin binding to extracellular ligands. New data reveal the domain structure of full-length talin, provide insights into talin-mediated integrin activation and show that RIAM recruits talin to the plasma membrane, whereas vinculin stabilizes talin in cell-matrix junctions. How kindlins act is less well-defined, but disease-causing mutations show that kindlins are also essential for integrin activation, adhesion, cell spreading and signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Calderwood
- Departments of Pharmacology and of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Iain D Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, S. Parks Rd., Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - David R Critchley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH
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93
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Das M, Ithychanda S, Qin J, Plow EF. Mechanisms of talin-dependent integrin signaling and crosstalk. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1838:579-88. [PMID: 23891718 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cells undergo dynamic remodeling of the cytoskeleton during adhesion and migration on various extracellular matrix (ECM) substrates in response to physiological and pathological cues. The major mediators of such cellular responses are the heterodimeric adhesion receptors, the integrins. Extracellular or intracellular signals emanating from different signaling cascades cause inside-out signaling of integrins via talin, a cystokeletal protein that links integrins to the actin cytoskeleton. Various integrin subfamilies communicate with each other and growth factor receptors under diverse cellular contexts to facilitate or inhibit various integrin-mediated functions. Since talin is an essential mediator of integrin activation, much of the integrin crosstalk would therefore be influenced by talin. However, despite the existence of an extensive body of knowledge on the role of talin in integrin activation and as a stabilizer of ECM-actin linkage, information on its role in regulating inter-integrin communication is limited. This review will focus on the structure of talin, its regulation of integrin activation and discuss its potential role in integrin crosstalk. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Reciprocal influences between cell cytoskeleton and membrane channels, receptors and transporters. Guest Editor: Jean Claude Hervé.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitali Das
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic
| | - Sujay Ithychanda
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic
| | - Edward F Plow
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic
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94
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Yang D, Lü X, Hong Y, Xi T, Zhang D. The molecular mechanism of mediation of adsorbed serum proteins to endothelial cells adhesion and growth on biomaterials. Biomaterials 2013; 34:5747-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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95
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Zhang C, Yang C, Wang R, Jiao Y, Ampah KK, Wang X, Zeng X. c-Abl Kinase Is a Regulator of αvβ3 Integrin Mediated Melanoma A375 Cell Migration. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66108. [PMID: 23805201 PMCID: PMC3689700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane receptors that physically link the extracellular matrix (ECM) to the intracellular actin cytoskeleton, and are also signaling molecules that transduce signals bi-directionally across the plasma membrane. Integrin regulation is essential for tumor cell migration in response to growth factors. c-Abl kinase is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase and is critical for signaling transduction from various receptors. Here we show that c-Abl kinase is involved in A375 cell migration mediated by αvβ3 integrin in response to PDGF stimulation. c-Abl kinase colocalizes with αvβ3 integrin dynamically and affects αvβ3 integrin affinity by regulating its cluster. The interaction between c-Abl kinase and αvβ3 integrin was dependent on the activity of c-Abl kinase induced by PDGF stimulation, but was not dependent on the binding of αvβ3 integrin with its ligands, suggesting that c-Abl kinase is not involved in the outside-in signaling of αvβ3 integrin. Talin head domain was required for the interaction between c-Abl kinase and αvβ3 integrin, and the SH3 domain of c-Abl kinase was involved in its interaction with talin and αvβ3 integrin. Taken together, we have uncovered a novel and critical role of c-Abl kinase in αvβ3 integrin mediated melanoma cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ruifei Wang
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Khamal Kwesi Ampah
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- Department of Bioscience, Changchun Teachers College, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- * E-mail: (XZ); (XW)
| | - Xianlu Zeng
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- * E-mail: (XZ); (XW)
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96
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Bonet R, Vakonakis I, Campbell ID. Characterization of 14-3-3-ζ Interactions with integrin tails. J Mol Biol 2013; 425:3060-72. [PMID: 23763993 PMCID: PMC4068353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are a family of heterodimeric (α+β) adhesion
receptors that play key roles in many cellular processes. Integrins are unusual in
that their functions can be modulated from both outside and inside the cell.
Inside-out signaling is mediated by binding adaptor proteins to the flexible
cytoplasmic tails of the α- and β-integrin subunits. Talin is one well-known
intracellular activator, but various other adaptors bind to integrin tails, including
14-3-3-ζ, a member of the 14-3-3 family of dimeric proteins that have a preference
for binding phosphorylated sequence motifs. Phosphorylation of a threonine in the β2
integrin tail has been shown to modulate β2/14-3-3-ζ interactions, and recently, the
α4 integrin tail was reported to bind to 14-3-3-ζ and associate with paxillin in a
ternary complex that is regulated by serine phosphorylation. Here, we use a range of biophysical techniques to
characterize interactions between 14-3-3-ζ and the cytoplasmic tails of α4, β1, β2
and β3 integrins. The X-ray structure of the 14-3-3-ζ/α4 complex indicates a
canonical binding mode for the α4 phospho-peptide, but unexpected features are also
observed: residues outside the consensus 14-3-3-ζ binding motif are shown to be
essential for an efficient interaction; in contrast, a short β2 phospho-peptide is
sufficient for high-affinity binding to 14-3-3-ζ. In addition, we report novel
14-3-3-ζ/integrin tail interactions that are independent of phosphorylation. Of the
integrin tails studied, the strongest interaction with 14-3-3-ζ is observed for the
β1A variant. In summary, new insights about 14-3-3-ζ/integrin tail interactions that
have implications for the role of these molecular associations in cells are
described. Integrin tails are important for bidirectional signaling
across the membrane. 14-3-3-ζ binding to integrin tails has been studied using
biophysical techniques. Residues outside the 14-3-3 binding motif contribute to
affinity in α4 but not in β2. Phosphorylation-independent 14-3-3-ζ interactions with
integrin tails are reported.
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97
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Schlie-Wolter S, Ngezahayo A, Chichkov BN. The selective role of ECM components on cell adhesion, morphology, proliferation and communication in vitro. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:1553-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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98
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Pérez-Rivero G, Cascio G, Soriano SF, Sanz ÁG, de Guinoa JS, Rodríguez-Frade JM, Gomariz RP, Holgado BL, Cabañas C, Carrasco YR, Stein JV, Mellado M. Janus kinases 1 and 2 regulate chemokine-mediated integrin activation and naïve T-cell homing. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:1745-57. [PMID: 23526587 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201243178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Janus kinases (JAKs) are central signaling molecules in cytokine receptor cascades. Although they have also been implicated in chemokine receptor signaling, this function continues to be debated. To address this issue, we established a nucleofection model in primary, nonactivated mouse T lymphocytes to silence JAK expression and to evaluate the ability of these cells to home to lymph nodes. Reduced JAK1 and JAK2 expression impaired naïve T-cell migration in response to gradients of the chemokines CXCL12 and CCL21. In vivo homing of JAK1/JAK2-deficient cells to lymph nodes decreased, whereas intranodal localization and motility were unaffected. JAK1 and JAK2 defects altered CXCL12- and CCL21-triggered ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) dephosphorylation and F-actin polymerization, as well as activation of lymphocyte function-associated Ag-1 and very late Ag-4 integrins. As a result, the cells did not adhere firmly to integrin substrates in response to these chemokines. The results demonstrate that JAK1/JAK2 participate in chemokine-induced integrin activation and might be considered a target for modulation of immune cell extravasation and therefore, control of inflammatory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Pérez-Rivero
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
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99
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Lai C, Liu X, Tian C, Wu F. Integrin α1 has a long helix, extending from the transmembrane region to the cytoplasmic tail in detergent micelles. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62954. [PMID: 23646163 PMCID: PMC3639902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin proteins are very important adhesion receptors that mediate cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. They play essential roles in cell signaling and the regulation of cellular shape, motility, and the cell cycle. Here, the transmembrane and cytoplasmic (TMC) domains of integrin α1 and β1 were over-expressed and purified in detergent micelles. The structure and backbone relaxations of α1-TMC in LDAO micelles were determined and analyzed using solution NMR. A long helix, extending from the transmembrane region to the cytoplasmic tail, was observed in α1-TMC. Structural comparisons of α1-TMC with reported αIIb-TMC domains indicated different conformations in the transmembrane regions and cytoplasmic tails. An NMR titration experiment indicated weak interactions between α1-TMC and β1-TMC through several α1-TMC residues located at its N-terminal juxta-transmembrane region and C-terminal extended helix region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohua Lai
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Changlin Tian
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
- * E-mail: (CT); (FW)
| | - Fangming Wu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
- * E-mail: (CT); (FW)
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100
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Hart R, Stanley P, Chakravarty P, Hogg N. The kindlin 3 pleckstrin homology domain has an essential role in lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) integrin-mediated B cell adhesion and migration. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:14852-62. [PMID: 23595985 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.434621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein kindlin 3 is mutated in the leukocyte adhesion deficiency III (LAD-III) disorder, leading to widespread infection due to the failure of leukocytes to migrate into infected tissue sites. To gain understanding of how kindlin 3 controls leukocyte function, we have focused on its pleckstrin homology (PH) domain and find that deletion of this domain eliminates the ability of kindlin 3 to participate in adhesion and migration of B cells mediated by the leukocyte integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1). PH domains are often involved in membrane localization of proteins through binding to phosphoinositides. We show that the kindlin 3 PH domain has binding affinity for phosphoinositide PI(3,4,5)P3 over PI(4,5)P2. It has a major role in membrane association of kindlin 3 that is enhanced by the binding of LFA-1 to intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). A splice variant, kindlin 3-IPRR, has a four-residue insert in the PH domain at a critical site that influences phosphoinositide binding by enhancing binding to PI(4,5)P2 as well as by binding to PI(3,4,5)P3. However kindlin 3-IPRR is unable to restore the ability of LAD-III B cells to adhere to and migrate on LFA-1 ligand ICAM-1, potentially by altering the dynamics or PI specificity of binding to the membrane. Thus, the correct functioning of the kindlin 3 PH domain is central to the role that kindlin 3 performs in guiding lymphocyte adhesion and motility behavior, which in turn is required for a successful immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie Hart
- Leukocyte Adhesion Laboratory, Cancer Research United Kingdom London Research Institute, London WC2A 3LY, United Kingdom
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