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Samanta P, Das R, Pal S, Mukherjee AK, Senapati T, Kole D, Ghosh AR. Toxicity assessment of agrochemical Almix in Heteropneustes fossilis through histopathological alterations. Interdiscip Toxicol 2018; 11:138-147. [PMID: 31719785 PMCID: PMC6829682 DOI: 10.2478/intox-2018-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to assess the adverse effects of the agrochemical Almix on comparative basis in gill, liver and kidney of Heteropneustes fossilis through histological and ultrastructural observations under field (8 g/acre) and laboratory (66.67 mg/L) conditions. Exposure duration of both experiments was 30 days. Gill showed atrophy in secondary lamellae, hypertrophied gill epithelium, damage in chloride and pillar cells, and detachment of chloride cells from gill epithelium under laboratory condition, but hypertrophy in gill epithelium and fusion in secondary lamellae were seen under field condition. In gill, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed fragmentation in microridges, hyper-secretion of mucus and loss of normal array in microridges, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) displayed dilated mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), abnormal sized vacuolation in chloride cells under laboratory condition. In liver, hypertrophied and pyknotic nuclei, disarrangement of hepatic cords, and cytoplasmic vacuolation were prominent under laboratory study but in field condition the liver showed little alterations. TEM study showed severe degeneration in RER and mitochondria and cytoplasmic vacuolation under laboratory condition but dilated mitochondria were prominent in field observation. Kidney showed severe nephropathic effects including degenerative changes in proximal and distal convolute tubule, damage in glomerulus under light microscopy, while deformity in nucleus, fragmentation in RER, severe vacuolation and necrosis in kidney were prominent under TEM study. The results clearly demonstrated that responses were more prominent in laboratory than field study. Thus the responses displayed by different tissues of concerned fish species exposed to Almix could be considered as indications of herbicide toxicity in aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palas Samanta
- Ecotoxicology Lab, Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Rituparna Das
- Ecotoxicology Lab, Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Sandipan Pal
- Department of Environmental Science, Aghorekamini Prakashchandra Mahavidyalaya, Subhasnagar, Bengai, Hooghly 712611, West Bengal, India
| | - Aloke Kumar Mukherjee
- P.G. Department of Conservation Biology, Durgapur Govt. College, Durgapur 713214, West Bengal, India
| | - Tarakeshwar Senapati
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Poornima University, Jaipur 302022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Debraj Kole
- Ecotoxicology Lab, Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Apurba Ratan Ghosh
- Ecotoxicology Lab, Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India
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Abd-Elkareem M, Abou Khalil NS, Sayed AH. Hepatotoxic responses of 4-nonylphenol on African catfish (Clarias gariepinus): antixoidant and histochemical biomarkers. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018. [PMID: 29516258 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0485-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
4-Nonylphenol (NP) toxicity in fish attracts much attention due to its ability in targeting several organs; however, the researches regarding its potential hepatotoxicity are conflicting and still require further investigation. Therefore, the objective of this study is to focus on this issue from the histophysiological point of view using NP intoxicated African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) as a model of hepatotoxicity. Twelve adult fish (6 per group) were divided into two groups; the first was considered as a control and the second was exposed to NP dissolved in water at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg BW for 3 weeks. A significant reduction in the hepatic alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase levels was observed in NP-exposed fish. Concerning the oxidant/antioxidant balance, a significant depletion in superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase was found along with a significant elevation in total peroxide and malondialdhyde. The histopathological examination of the hepatic tissues revealed that NP had marked hepatotoxic effects including hepatitis, centrilobular and focal hydropic and fatty degeneration, fatty change (steatosis), hepatic coagulative necrosis, and nuclear alterations in addition to apoptosis of hepatocytes and necrosis of endothelial cells. Depletion of the glycogen and increased in pigments (lipofuscin and hemosiderin) content in the hepatocytes were also recorded. Hemosiderosis and proliferation of the connective tissue around the blood vessels and branches of bile ducts and in the portal areas were also observed. In light of these findings, it was concluded that NP has a well-defined hepatotoxic impact paving the road towards other studies to investigate other detrimental cyto-physiological influences of this aquatic pollutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abd-Elkareem
- Anatomy, Histology and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Nasser S Abou Khalil
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Alaa H Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
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Davis AK, Maney DL. The use of glucocorticoid hormones or leucocyte profiles to measure stress in vertebrates: What’s the difference? Methods Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K. Davis
- Odum School of EcologyThe University of Georgia Athens Georgia
| | - Donna L. Maney
- Department of PsychologyEmory University Atlanta Georgia
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Kotb AM, Abd-Elkareem M, Abou Khalil NS, Sayed AEDH. Protective effect of Nigella sativa on 4-nonylphenol-induced nephrotoxicity in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 619-620:692-699. [PMID: 29156287 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the protective effects of Nigella sativa (N. sativa) on 4-Nonylphenol-induced nephrotoxicity in Clarias gariepinus. 30 fishes were divided into five groups: control, 4-nonylphenol-treated, 1% N. sativa treated, 2.5% N. sativa treated, and 5% N. sativa treated. N. sativa and 4-Nonylphenol were given for 3weeks. 4-NP and 4-NP-N. sativa treated fishes were compared with the control group. Kidney histology, immunochemistry, and electron microscope were assessed after 4-NP exposure. In the African catfish, 4-NP is mainly excreted through the kidney causing nephrotoxicity. Our results showed that 4-NP administration significantly disturbed the kidney structure and function. 4-NP treated fishes showed dilated glomerular vessels, fewer glomerular cells content, decreased expressions of glomerular proteins, and increased level of autophagy compared to control group (P<0.05). As N. sativa has different immunological and pharmacological effects such as anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidant, therefore, the administration of N. sativa with 4-Nonylphenol significantly minimize the nephrotoxic effect of 4-NP and maintain the normal kidney structure and function. Our novel study demonstrated for the first time that N. sativa could protect the kidney against 4-NP induced-nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Kotb
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Abd-Elkareem
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Nasser S Abou Khalil
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Zoology department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt; Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan.
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Sayed AEDH, Soliman HAM. Modulatory effects of green tea extract against the hepatotoxic effects of 4-nonylphenol in catfish (Clarias gariepinus). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 149:159-165. [PMID: 29156308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant role of the green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract (GTE) was examined to remedy the toxic effects of (0.2mgl-1) 4-nonylphenol(4-NP). Biochemical parameters, antioxidant enzymes, liver lipid peroxidation (LPO), DNA fragmentation, and apoptosis as well as histopathology of liver of African catfish Clarias gariepinus were considered. Catfishes were divided into four groups: first group (control), second group (0.2mgl-1 of 4-NP), third group (0.2mgl-1of 4-NP +100mg GTE l-1water), and fourth group (0.2mgl-1 of 4-NP +200mg GTE l-1water). The results showed that significant increments of serum glucose, AST, ALT, total protein, total lipids, cholesterol, G6PDH, and cortisol. Meanwhile, serum acetylcholinesterase, ALP, and LDH were significantly reduced. In addition, antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GST, and TAC) levels were reduced in 4-NP treated fish compared to control. Also, there were significant increments in hepatic LPO, DNA fragmentation, and apoptotic erythrocytes in 4-NP treated fish compared to control. Liver of 4-NP treated fish showed some histopathological alterations such as, vacuolization in hepatocytes, congestion in central vein, infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells, and necrosis as well as depletion of glycogen content of liver. Addition of green tea extract into the water restored the alterations in most of those biomarkers induced by 4-NP. We concluded that, GTE has a protective role against hepatic failure, depletion of antioxidant defense, and genotoxicity induced 4-NP in C. gariepinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Hamdy A M Soliman
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, 8562 Sohag, Egypt
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Sayed AEDH, Kataoka C, Oda S, Kashiwada S, Mitani H. Sensitivity of medaka (Oryzias latipes) to 4-nonylphenol subacute exposure; erythrocyte alterations and apoptosis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 58:98-104. [PMID: 29306823 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to assess the effects of the endocrine-disrupting compound; 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) in medaka (Oryzias latipes). The frequencies of erythrocyte alterations, apoptosis, and micronuclei were used as biological indicators of damage. Medaka were exposed 15 days to 4-NP at three sublethal concentrations (50, 80, and 100 μg/l 4-NP) and results compared with those of a previous study using catfish as an animal model. Exposure of medaka resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the frequency of erythrocyte alterations, apoptosis and micronucleus (MN). Many morphological alterations and nuclear abnormalities were observed, including acanthocytes, lobed nucleus, eccentric nucleus, fragmented nucleus, blebbed nucleus, binuclei, deformed nucleus, notched nucleus, hemolysed cells, crenated cells, teardrop-like cells, and schistocytes. Mortality was recorded after treatment with 80 and 100 μg/l 4-NP, indicating that medaka are more sensitive than catfish to 4-NP exposure. We concluded that, 4-NP causes several malformations in the shape and number of erythrocytes in medaka, indicating its genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Zoology department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt; Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan.
| | - Chisato Kataoka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
| | - Shoji Oda
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Shosaku Kashiwada
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Gunma 374-0193, Japan; Research Center of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mitani
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
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Samanta P, Kumari P, Pal S, Mukherjee AK, Ghosh AR. Histopathological and Ultrastructural Alterations in Some Organs of Oreochromis niloticus Exposed to Glyphosate-based Herbicide, Excel Mera 71. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2018; 6:35-43. [PMID: 30023265 PMCID: PMC6014246 DOI: 10.4103/jmau.jmau_8_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oreochromis niloticus was exposed to glyphosate-based herbicide Excel Mera 71 for 30 days under field and laboratory conditions to investigate the histopathological and ultrastructural responses in gill, liver, and kidney. Gill displayed degenerative changes in the pillar cells of gill epithelium, curling of secondary lamella, and appearance of globular structure in laboratory condition under light microscopy. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observations revealed loss of microridges, disappearance of normal array of microridges, and damage in stratified epithelial cells under both the conditions, while severe vacuolation and necrosis were prominent under transmission electron microscopic (TEM) study in the laboratory condition. In liver, excess fat deposition and acentric nuclei in the laboratory condition were prominent under light microscopic and SEM study. TEM study showed necrosis in mitochondria, cytoplasmic vacuolation, degeneration in endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and reduced amount of glycogen droplets, but under field condition, lesions were less. Kidney showed fragmented glomerulus, excessive fat deposition, and hypertrophied nuclei under light microscope, while topological study showed shrinkage of glomerulus and degenerative changes under laboratory condition. TEM study also confirmed necrosis in mitochondria, dilation and fragmentation of ER, and appearance of severe vacuolation in the laboratory study, but no significant alterations were observed in field under SEM and TEM study. Therefore, the present study depicts that Excel Mera 71 caused comparatively less pathological lesions under field than laboratory condition, and finally, these responses could be considered as bioindicators for toxicity study in aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palas Samanta
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, South Korea
- Division of Environmental Science And Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Anamdong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Pragya Kumari
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, South Korea
| | - Sandipan Pal
- Department of Environmental Science, Aghorekamini Prakashchandra Mahavidyalaya, Bengai, India
| | - Aloke Kumar Mukherjee
- Department of Conservation Biology, Durgapur Government College, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Apurba Ratan Ghosh
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, South Korea
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58
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Shirmohammadi M, Salamat N, Ronagh MT, Movahedinia A, Hamidian G. The Effect of Phenanthrene on Some Hematological Indices Yellowfin Seabream (Acanthopagrus Latus). IRANIAN JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/arakmu.12.1.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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59
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Sayed AEDH. UVA-Induced DNA Damage and Apoptosis in Red Blood Cells of the African Catfish Clarias gariepinus. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 94:158-164. [PMID: 28767143 DOI: 10.1111/php.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-A light (UVA)-induced DNA damage and repair in red blood cells to investigate the sensitivity of African catfish to UVA exposure is reported. Fishes were irradiated with various doses of UVA light (15, 30, and 60 min day-1 for 3 days). Morphological and nuclear abnormalities in red blood cells were observed in the fish exposed to UVA compared with controls. Morphological alterations such as acanthocytes, crenated cells, swollen cells, teardrop-like cells, hemolyzed cells, and sickle cells were observed. Those alterations were increased after 24 h exposure to UVA light and decreased at 14 days after exposure. The percentage of apoptosis was higher in red blood cells exposed to higher doses of UVA light. No micronuclei were detected, but small nuclear abnormalities such as deformed and eccentric nuclei were observed in some groups. We concluded that exposure to UVA light induced DNA damage, apoptosis, and morphological alterations in red blood cells in catfish; however, catfish were found to be less sensitive to UVA light than wild-type medaka.
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60
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Zhang F, Yang P, Qin L, Zhang J. Adverse stimulation of 4-nonylphenol in abnormal reproductive organs of female chickens. Oncotarget 2017; 8:110029-110038. [PMID: 29299127 PMCID: PMC5746362 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
4-Nonylphenol (4-NP) is a known endocrine disrupting chemical and a persistent environmental contaminant. However, the 4-NP caused mechanism of reproductive toxicity still remains largely unknown in birds. In this study, female chickens (Hy-Line Variety White) were dosed via oral gavage in the early laying period with 0, 50, 100, and 200 mg 4-NP/kg/d for 60 days. Food intake and weight increase were monitored in this organism to investigate chicken growth and development. Moreover, pathological changes of reproductive organs, serum hormone, and mRNA changes on the HPOA were detected. The results showed that gonad development and maturity were retarded in female chickens, and the circulating concentrations of sex hormones were disordered in 4-NP-treated chicken. In 4-NP exposed animals, the mRNA expressions of GnRH and PRLH in hypothalamus and FSH and LH in pituitary were significantly unregulated by 4-NP. In addition, expressions of FSHR and LHR were down-regulated in ovaries of the 4-NP-treatment group, while the levels of stAR, P450scc, P450arom, 3β-HSD, and 17β-HSD were up-regulated in ovaries. Furthermore, expression of ERα in the ovaries of chicken was up-regulated, however, no significant change was observed for ERβ expression. Our results suggest that granulosa cells were an important target and severely disturbed by 4-NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Zhang
- Department of Operating Room, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong, 276000, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong, 276000, China
| | - Lei Qin
- Laboratory Animal Center, Qiqihar Medical University, Heilongjiang, 161006, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Youth League Committee, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong, 276000, China
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61
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Erythrocytes as a biological model for screening of xenobiotics toxicity. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 279:73-83. [PMID: 29128605 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Erythrocytes are the main cells in circulation. They are devoid of internal membrane structures and easy to be isolated and handled providing a good model for different assays. Red blood cells (RBCs) plasma membrane is a multi-component structure that keeps the cell morphology, elasticity, flexibility and deformability. Alteration of membrane structure upon exposure to xenobiotics could induce various cellular abnormalities and releasing of intracellular components. Therefore the morphological changes and extracellular release of haemoglobin [hemolysis] and increased content of extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) [as signs of membrane stability] could be used to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of various molecules. The nucleated RBCs from birds, fish and amphibians can be used to evaluate genotoxicity of different xenobiotics using comet, DNA fragmentation and micronucleus assays. The RBCs could undergo programmed cell death (eryptosis) in response to injury providing a useful model to analyze some mechanisms of toxicity that could be implicated in apoptosis of nucleated cells. Erythrocytes are vulnerable to peroxidation making it a good biological membrane model for analyzing the oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation of various xenobiotics. The RBCs contain a large number of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. The changes of the RBCs antioxidant capacity could reflect the capability of xenobiotics to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting in oxidative damage of tissue. These criteria make RBCs a valuable in vitro model to evaluate the cytotoxicity of different natural or synthetic and organic or inorganic molecules by cellular damage measures.
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62
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Sayed AEDH, Ismail RFK. Endocrine disruption, oxidative stress, and testicular damage induced by 4-nonylphenol in Clarias gariepinus: the protective role of Cydonia oblonga. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 43:1095-1104. [PMID: 28285354 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-017-0355-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to xenoestrogens like 4-nonylphenol (NP) is recognized by disrupting endocrine functions and causes reproductive dysfunction in male fish. The present study aimed at investigating the 4-nonylphenol propensity to induce oxidative stress and hormonal disturbances in male catfish and at studying the protective role of quince (Cydonia oblonga). To fulfill this aim, catfish Clarias gariepinus were exposed to pure 100 μg/L 4-NP and to quince the leaf extract added to 4-NP, both for 15 days. The 4-NP exposure induced a marked increase in 17ß-estradiol (E2), LH, and cortisol, while thyroid hormone (TSH, T3), testosterone (T), and FSH levels noticeably decreased; however, 4-NP had no effect on T4 level. Moreover, 4-NP exposure was accompanied by histological impairments in testes. Existence of 4-NP was associated with oxidative damage as evidenced by the significant increase (p < 0.05) of the enzymes, superoxidase dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), acetylcholinesterase (AchE), glutathione s-transferase, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Adding quince was effective to neutralize hormonal levels and to repair the testicular histological alterations. In response to quince remedy, the enzymes AchE and MDA reduced significantly (p < 0.05), while limited or no response was detected for other tested enzymes. Our results concluded that quince can antagonize 4-NP toxicity in catfish, confirming that quince leaf extract displayed antioxidant activities against the toxicity of hazardous chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Laboratory of Fish Biology and Pollution, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
| | - Rania F K Ismail
- Laboratory of Fish Reproduction, Aquaculture Division, National Institute of Oceanography Fisheries, Alexandria, 21556, Egypt
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63
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Sayed AEDH, Hamed HS. Induction of apoptosis and DNA damage by 4-nonylphenol in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and the antioxidant role of Cydonia oblonga. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 139:97-101. [PMID: 28113117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we assessed the toxic effects of sub lethal concentration (0.1mgl-1) 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) on serum biochemical parameters, liver lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant enzymes of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus for 14 days and the ability of the quince leaf extract to alleviate the effects of (4-NP). Fish were categorized into four groups: control, exposure to 0.1mgl-1 4-NP, exposure to 0.1mgl-1 4-NP with quince leaf extract (10ml/30L water), and exposure to 0.1mgl-1 4-NP with quince leaf extract (20ml/30L water). 4-NP exposure induced a significant (p<0.05) increase in the levels of glucose, AST, ALT, creatinine, urea, uric acid, cholesterol, and G6PDH as well as, the percentages of hepatic LPO level, DNA fragmentation, and apoptotic erythrocytes (p<0.05). A significant (p<0.05) decrease in alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein, albumin, globulin, total lipids, and LDH were also recorded. Liver enzyme activities (SOD, CAT and TAC) were increased. Addition of the quince leaf extract into the water was able to reinstate the alterations in biochemical parameters, antioxidant biomarkers, apoptotic level and hepatic DNA damage induced by 4-NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Heba S Hamed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of women for Arts, Science & Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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64
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Sharma M, Chadha P. Widely used non-ionic surfactant 4-nonylphenol: showing genotoxic effects in various tissues of Channa punctatus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:11331-11339. [PMID: 28303538 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8759-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the intertissue differences in genotoxicity induction in the fish, Channa punctatus, in response to 4-nonylphenol. The lethal concentration of 50 (LC50) was estimated using a semi-static system. Fish were subjected to three sublethal concentrations of 4-nonylphenol (NP) for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. Liver, gill, and kidney tissues were analyzed, and the genotoxicity was estimated using the micronucleus test and the comet assay. The frequency of micronucleated cells (MNCs), binucleated cells (BNCs), aberrant cells, and tail moment (TM) increased significantly. The time for maximum induction of genotoxicity for all the parameters considered in the micronucleus assay was 72 h of exposure, whereas the TM was highest at 24 h of exposure followed by a decline. The gill and liver showed higher genotoxicity than kidney tissue demonstrating organ-specific susceptibilities to NP in fish C. punctatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
| | - Pooja Chadha
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
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65
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Samanta P, Kumari P, Pal S, Mukherjee AK, Ghosh AR. Histopathological and ultrastructural alterations in some organs of Oreochromis niloticus exposed to glyphosate-based herbicide, Excel Mera 71. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmau.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Rebok K, Jordanova M, Slavevska-Stamenković V, Ivanova L, Kostov V, Stafilov T, Rocha E. Frequencies of erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities and of leucocytes in the fish Barbus peloponnesius correlate with a pollution gradient in the River Bregalnica (Macedonia). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:10493-10509. [PMID: 28281072 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8665-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Integrated chemical and biomarker approaches were performed to estimate if there is ongoing toxicity in the River Bregalnica, namely connected with the presence of metals. The study was performed in water, sediment, and barbel (Barbus peloponnesius), collected in two seasons, from two suspected polluted and one reference zones. The water analyses revealed higher mean values in polluted sites for most of the examined physicochemical parameters. Metal concentrations (Zn, Cu, Cd, Mn, Pb, and Fe) in water were more or less constant, whereas in sediment, they were higher at the two polluted locations. Condition factor (CF), as a general health indicator, revealed better overall condition in barbel from the reference site. In general, blood parameters revealed higher values in the polluted localities. Irrespective of sex and/or season, the frequency of micronuclei (MN) and vacuolated nuclei (VN) were with higher rates in polluted sites. Similarly, the frequencies of the leucocytes (Le), binuclei (BN), and irregularly shaped nuclei (ISN) were also significantly increased in the polluted localities, but they seemed prone to be influenced by sex and/or season. However, strong positive correlations between blood biomarkers and most water physicochemical parameters and metal in sediment were estimated. Our data support that the River Bregalnica's lower course receives significant genotoxic pollution, likely via metal industry effluents, agricultural runoff, and domestic sewage, and reinforced the utility of MN and other nuclear abnormalities as sensitive and suitable biomarkers for genotoxicity when used in monitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Rebok
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, "Ss Cyril and Methodius" University, Arhimedova 3, 1000, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia.
| | - Maja Jordanova
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, "Ss Cyril and Methodius" University, Arhimedova 3, 1000, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Valentina Slavevska-Stamenković
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, "Ss Cyril and Methodius" University, Arhimedova 3, 1000, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Lozenka Ivanova
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, "Ss Cyril and Methodius" University, Arhimedova 3, 1000, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Vasil Kostov
- Fisheries Department, Institute of Animal Science, Ilinden bul., 92a, 1000, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Trajče Stafilov
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, "Ss Cyril and Methodius" University, Arhimedova 5, 1000, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Eduardo Rocha
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (UPorto), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n. 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- Group of Histomorphology, Physiopathology and Applied Toxicology, Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto (UPorto), Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
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Abou Khalil N, Abd-Elkareem M, Sayed A. Nigella sativa
seed protects against 4-nonylphenol-induced haematotoxicity in Clarias gariepinus
(Burchell, 1822): Oxidant/antioxidant rebalance. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/anu.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N.S. Abou Khalil
- Faculty of Medicine; Medical Physiology Department; Assiut University; Assiut Egypt
| | - M. Abd-Elkareem
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Anatomy, Histology and Embryology Department; Assiut University; Assiut Egypt
| | - A.H. Sayed
- Faculty of Science; Zoology Department; Assiut University; Assiut Egypt
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Sayed AEDH, Watanabe-Asaka T, Oda S, Mitani H. Apoptotic cell death in erythrocytes of p53-deficient medaka (Oryzias latipes) after γ-irradiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 92:572-6. [PMID: 27584718 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2016.1222091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies have examined the effects of γ-irradiation (γ-IR) on wild-type and p53 mutant Medaka (Oryzias latipes) 24 hours after irradiation and in the present work, apoptosis and alterations in erythrocytes of 4, 8 and 24 h and 14 days after gamma-ray irradiation were reported as genotoxic biomarkers of γ-irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sexually mature wild-type, WT (Hd-rR) and p53(-/-) adult female medaka (O. latipes) were exposed to 4 Gy dose of γ-IR and sampling were collected after 4, 8 and 24 h and 14 days. RESULTS Apoptosis and morphological alterations were observed from 4 h after irradiation and remarkably increased 8 h after irradiation in the wild-type. Apoptotic cell death has been observed 8 h after irradiation most prominently but subtle in p53 mutant medaka. All these phenotypes were recovered 14 days after irradiation in both strains. Although no micronuclei were seen in any group, nuclear abnormalities were observed in red blood cells. Both apoptosis and morphological alterations in erythrocytes were decreased after 24 and 14 days after γ-irradiation. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that apoptosis and malformations caused by 4 Gy γ-irradiation in the erythrocytes of medaka fish occurs from 4-24 h and the initial response until 8 h was p53-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa El-Din Hamid Sayed
- a Zoology Department, Faculty of Science , Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt
- b Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences , The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba , Japan
| | - Tomomi Watanabe-Asaka
- b Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences , The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba , Japan
| | - Shoji Oda
- b Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences , The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mitani
- b Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences , The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa , Chiba , Japan
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69
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Sharma M, Chadha P. 4-Nonylphenol induced DNA damage and repair in fish, Channa punctatus after subchronic exposure. Drug Chem Toxicol 2016; 40:320-325. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2016.1223096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Pooja Chadha
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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70
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Nwani CD, Somdare PO, Ogueji EO, Nwani JC, Ukonze JA, Nwadinigwe AO. Genotoxicity assessment and oxidative stress responses in freshwater African catfish Clarias gariepinus exposed to fenthion formulations. Drug Chem Toxicol 2016; 40:273-280. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2016.1209772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Didigwu Nwani
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria,
| | | | - Emmanuel Okechukwu Ogueji
- Department of Biology, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Nigeria,
| | - Jacinta Chinedu Nwani
- Department of Crop Science and Land Scape Management, Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Nigeria,
| | | | - Alfreda O. Nwadinigwe
- Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria
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Samanta P, Mukherjee AK, Pal S, Kole D, Ghosha AR. Toxic effects of glyphosate-based herbicide, Excel Mera 71 on gill, liver, and kidney of Heteropneustes fossilis under laboratory and field conditions. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2016; 4:147-155. [PMID: 30023221 PMCID: PMC6014198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmau.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of glyphosate-based herbicide Excel Mera 71 under field and laboratory conditions were investigated to evaluate the pathological symptoms through light and electron microscopic study in the gill, liver, and kidney of Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) for a period of 30 days. Histological alterations like hypertrophy and fusion in secondary lamellae, damage in chloride cells were more prominent in laboratory conditions under light microscopy. Topological changes such as complete loss of microridges, swelling, and irregular arrangement of microridges in the gills were prominent under scanning electron microscopic study under laboratory conditions. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study depicted vacuolation and degeneration in chloride cells, dilation in rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), and mitochondria in gill epithelium. The liver showed enlarged and pyknotic hepatocytes, vacuolation, excess fat deposition, and necrosis under laboratory conditions, while enlarged acentric nuclei, increased sinusoidal space, and less vacuolation in cytoplasm were observed under field conditions. TEM displayed cytoplasmic vacuolation and a reduced number of endoplasmic reticulum and glycogen droplets in the laboratory, but this was less pronounced under field conditions. In the kidneys, loss of hematopoietic tissue, degenerative changes in glomeruli, proximal and distal convoluted tubule, and epithelial cell lining of the renal tubules were comparatively less prominent under field conditions. Under TEM, epithelial cell necrosis, endoplasmic reticulum fragmentation, and mitochondrial degeneration were more prominent under laboratory conditions. The present study evaluated the comparative toxicity under field and laboratory conditions under long-term exposure to glyphosate herbicide and identified pathological responses as indicators in monitoring the herbicidal contamination in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palas Samanta
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Aloke Kumar Mukherjee
- bP.G. Department of Conservation Biology, Durgapur Government College, Durgapur 713214, West Bengal, India
| | - Sandipan Pal
- cDepartment of Environmental Science, Aghorekamini Prakashchandra Mahavidyalaya, Subhasnagar, Bengai, Hooghly 712611, West Bengal, India
| | - Debraj Kole
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Apurba Ratan Ghosha
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India
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Sayed AEDH, Mohamed NH, Ismail MA, Abdel-Mageed WM, Shoreit AAM. Antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities of Calotropis procera latex on Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) exposed to toxic 4-nonylphenol. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 128:189-94. [PMID: 26946283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Calotropis procera L. is known as medicinal plant. The Phytochemical analyzes of its latex revealed that it possessed antioxidants, namely terpenes, phenolic compounds and cardenolides, flavonoids and saponins, while tannins, alkaloids and resin were absent in moderate to high concentration. In the present study, the role of latex of Calotropis procera as antioxidant and antiapoptotic was reported. To carry out this aim, fishes were exposed to 100 µg l(-1) 4-nonylphenol as chemical pollutant. The enzymes, superoxidase dismutase, catalase, acetlycholinstrase (AchE), glutathione s-transferase, cortisol, G6PDH) and apoptotic cells increased significantly (p<0.05) accompanied by irregular disturbance of (Na(+), K(+)) ions in the presence of 4-nonylphenol. On the other hand, these enzymes, ions, and apoptotic cells decreased normally and significantly (p<0.05) in the presence of latex. Total phenol content, total capacity antioxidant, reducing power decrease significantly (p<0.05) in the presence of 4-nonylphenol and increase normally in the presence of latex. Latex was used for the first time to protect catfish after 4-nonylphenol exposure. Our study confirms that crude latex of Calotropis procera possessed antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities against the toxicity of 4-Nonylphenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Nadia H Mohamed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Samtah, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mady A Ismail
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Wael M Abdel-Mageed
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A M Shoreit
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
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Sayed AEDH, Mahmoud UM, Mekkawy IA. Erythrocytes alterations of monosex tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus, 1758) produced using methyltestosterone. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF AQUATIC RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejar.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Sayed AEDH, Elbaghdady HAM, Zahran E. Arsenic-induced genotoxicity in Nile tilapia (Orechromis niloticus); the role of Spirulina platensis extract. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:751. [PMID: 26573688 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4983-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is one of the most relevant environmental global single substance toxicants that have long been regarded as a carcinogenic and genotoxic potential. In this respect, we evaluated the cytogenetic effect of arsenic exposure in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), in terms of erythrocyte alteration, apoptosis, and induction of micronuclei. Spirulina platensis (SP) is a filamentous cyanobacterium microalgae with potent dietary phytoantioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancerous properties supplementation. The protective role of Spirulina as supplementary feeds was studied in Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) against arsenic-induced cytogenotoxicity. Four groups were assigned as control group (no SP or As), As group (exposed to water-born As in the form of NaAsO2 at 7 ppm), SP1 (SP at 7.5% + As at the same level of exposure), and SP2 (SP at 10% + As at the same level of exposure). As-treated group had a significant increase in all cytogenetic analyses including erythrocyte alteration, apoptosis, and induction of micronuclei after 2 weeks with continuous increase in response after 3 weeks. The combined treatment of Spirulina at two different concentrations of 7.5 and 10% had significantly declined the induction of erythrocyte alteration, apoptosis, and micronuclei formation induced by arsenic intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516, Assiut, Egypt.
| | | | - Eman Zahran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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Jindal R, Verma S. In vivo genotoxicity and cytotoxicity assessment of cadmium chloride in peripheral erythrocytes of Labeo rohita (Hamilton). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 118:1-10. [PMID: 25890049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium chloride (CdCl2) induced genotoxicity and cytotoxicity has been assessed in the peripheral blood erythrocytes of freshwater fish Labeo rohita exposed to 0.37 and 0.62mg/L of CdCl2 in water for 100 days. The blood samples of the fish were collected at different intervals (days 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60 and 100) of exposure period to analyze DNA damage using comet assay and the occurrence of micronuclei and other cellular anomalies. The results of comet assay showed a significant increase in the mean percentage of tail DNA at both the concentrations. Exposure to CdCl2 also induced micronuclei in addition to many nuclear abnormalities such as nuclear bud, binucleates, lobed, notched and vacuolated nuclei. Cytoplasmic abnormalities like echinocytes, acanthocytes, notched, microcytes and cells with vacuolated cytoplasm were also observed. The metal exposed groups showed significant variation in the frequency of cellular abnormalities as well as the extent of DNA damage in comparison to controls. These frequencies increased significantly (p<0.05) in concentration dependent manner, peaking on 10th day while a decreasing trend was observed after 15 days of the exposure period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajinder Jindal
- Aquatic Biology Laboratory, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Sakshi Verma
- Aquatic Biology Laboratory, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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Sayed AEDH, Zaki RM, El-Dean AMK, Abdulrazzaq AY. The biological activity of new thieno[2,3-c]pyrazole compounds as anti-oxidants against toxicity of 4-nonylphenol in Clarias gariepinus. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:1445-1453. [PMID: 28962487 PMCID: PMC5598507 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of bi functionally substituted thieno[2,3-c]pyrazole compounds was carried out by a new method. The substituted group at position five is namely (carbonitrile, carboxamide, N-(substitutedphenyl) carboxamide and benzoyl group). Chloroacetylation of the amino thieno[2,3-c]pyrazolecarboxamide compound afforded the chloroacetyl amino derivative. The chemical structure of the newly synthesized compounds was established by elemental and spectral analysis including IR, 1H NMR spectra in addition to 13C NMR and mass spectra for most of them. In the present work, we assessed the role of the new synthesized thieno[2,3-c]pyrazole compounds as antioxidants against the toxicity of the 4-nonylphenol on the red blood cells of the most economically important Nile fishes namely African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). The erythrocytes alterations were used as biological indicators to detect those effects. After exposure to 4-nonylphenol, the erythrocytes malformations (swelled cells, sickle cells, tear drop like cells, acanthocytes, and vacuolated cells) were recorded in highest number in comparison with other groups control and those injected with thieno[2,3-c]pyrazole compounds. So, the new thieno[2,3-c]pyrazole compounds can be used as antioxidants against toxicity of 4-nonylphenol on fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa El-Din H. Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
- Corresponding author. Fax: +20 882342708.
| | - Remon M. Zaki
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
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DNA damage in organs of female and male mice exposed to nonylphenol, as a single agent or in combination with ionizing irradiation: A comet assay study. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2014; 772:14-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Sayed AEDH, Oda S, Mitani H. Nuclear and cytoplasmic changes in erythrocytes of p53-deficient medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) after exposure to gamma-radiation. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2014; 771:64-70. [PMID: 24780117 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have examined the effects of gamma-radiation on Japanese fish, in particular medaka (Oryzias latipes). In the present work, alterations in erythrocytes were recorded as haematological bio-indicators of exposure to gamma-radiation. After exposure of medaka fish to two different doses of radiation (2 Gy and 10 Gy), many malformations in red blood cells were observed in the irradiated fish compared with control fish. These malformations included acanthocytes, crenated cells, amoeboid cells, and sickle cells. More malformations were seen at the higher radiation dose. No micronuclei were seen in any group, but nuclear abnormalities were observed. We conclude that gamma-radiation causes morphological malformations of erythrocytes and is harmful to medaka fish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shoji Oda
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mitani
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
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Nwani CD, Nnaji MC, Oluah SN, Echi PC, Nwamba HO, Ikwuagwu OE, Ajima MNO. Mutagenic and physiological responses in the juveniles of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) following short term exposure to praziquantel. Tissue Cell 2014; 46:264-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kienzler A, Bony S, Devaux A. DNA repair activity in fish and interest in ecotoxicology: a review. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 134-135:47-56. [PMID: 23571068 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge of DNA repair in a target species is of first importance as it is the primary line of defense against genotoxicants, and a better knowledge of DNA repair capacity in fish could help to interpret genotoxicity data and/or assist in the choice of target species, developmental stage and tissues to focus on, both for environmental biomonitoring studies and DNA repair testing. This review focuses in a first part on what is presently known on a mechanistic basis, about the various DNA repair systems in fish, in vivo and in established cell lines. Data on base excision repair (BER), direct reversal with O⁶-alkylguanine transferase and double strand breaks repair, although rather scarce, are being reviewed, as well as nucleotide excision repair (NER) and photoreactivation repair (PER), which are by far the most studied repair mechanisms in fish. Most of these repair mechanisms seem to be strongly species and tissue dependent; they also depend on the developmental stage of the organisms. BER is efficient in vivo, although no data has been found on in vitro models. NER activity is quite low or even inexistent depending on the studies; however this lack is partly compensated by a strong PER activity, especially in early developmental stage. In a second part, a survey of the ecotoxicological studies integrating DNA repair as a parameter responding to single or mixture of contaminant is realized. Three main approaches are being used: the measurement of DNA repair gene expression after exposure, although it has not yet been clearly established whether gene expression is indicative of repair capacity; the monitoring of DNA damage removal by following DNA repair kinetics; and the modulation of DNA repair activity following exposure in situ, in order to assess the impact of exposure history on DNA repair capacity. Since all DNA repair processes are possible targets for environmental pollutants, we can also wonder at which extent such a modulation of repair capacities in fish could be the base for the development of new biomarkers of genotoxicity. Knowing the importance of the germ cell DNA integrity in the reproductive success of aquatic organisms, the DNA repair capacity of such cells deserve to be more studied, as well as DNA repair capacities of established fish cell lines. The limited amount of available data, which shows low/slow DNA repair capacities of fish cell lines compared with mammalian cell lines, concerned mainly the NER system; thus this point merits to be explored more deeply. Additionally, since some of the DNA repair systems appear more efficient in embryo larval stages, it would be of interest to consider embryonic cell lineages more closely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Kienzler
- UMR LEHNA 5023, Université de Lyon, F-69518 Vaulx-en-Velin, France.
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Sayed AH, Abdel-Tawab HS, Abdel Hakeem SS, Mekkawy IA. The protective role of quince leaf extract against the adverse impacts of ultraviolet--a radiation on some tissues of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2013; 119:9-14. [PMID: 23291606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study the protective role of quince leaf extract against the adverse impacts of ultraviolet radiation-A (UVA) on some tissues of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) was considered. Fishes were classified into four groups: control, UVR-treated group (for 3days/for 3h/day), UVR-treated group (for 3days/for 3h/day) with adding 10ml of quince extract, and UVR-treated group (for 3days/for 3h/day) with adding 20ml of quince leaf extract. Blood smears and sections of the liver, and skin were processed routinely for H & E paraffin embedding technique. Some UVA-induced malformations were recorded in the red blood cells including crenated cells (Cr), Acanthocytes (Ac), tear drop-like cells (Tr) and sickle cells (Sk). Also, UVA-induced disorganization of the normal architecture of hepatic tissues with lipidosis was evident. Hypertrophy and vacuolated club cells were recorded in skin exposed to UVA. In conclusion, quince leaf extract has a valuable antioxidant protective role to prevent and/or repair the histopathological changes induced by UVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Sayed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
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Shelley LK, Ross PS, Miller KM, Kaukinen KH, Kennedy CJ. Toxicity of atrazine and nonylphenol in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): effects on general health, disease susceptibility and gene expression. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 124-125:217-226. [PMID: 22982499 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine (ATZ) and nonylphenol (NP) are commonly identified contaminants in aquatic habitats; however, few studies have considered the impact of these endocrine disrupters on immune function and resistance to disease. This study examined the immunotoxicological effects of ATZ and NP at multiple levels of biological organization. Juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to a solvent control (0.00625%, v/v anhydrous ethanol), or sub-lethal concentrations of ATZ (59 μg/L and 555 μg/L) or NP (2.3 μg/L or 18 μg/L) for 4d. At the end of exposure, fish were assessed for a number of physiological endpoints, including a host resistance challenge, and liver gene expression was assessed using a salmonid microarray (cGRASP, 32K version 1). While the low ATZ and low NP treatments had no measurable effects on the physiological endpoints measured, fish exposed to the high ATZ concentration (555 μg/L) exhibited significantly elevated plasma cortisol, a decrease in SSI, and decreased lymphocytes and increased monocytes in peripheral blood, with suppression of early immune system processes apparent at the molecular level. In contrast, fish exposed to the high NP concentration (18 μg/L) showed physiological (e.g. significantly elevated LSI) and gene expression changes (e.g. induction of vitellogenin) consistent with estrogenic effects, as well as decreased lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and more limited alterations in immune system related pathways in the liver transcriptome. Fish exposed to high ATZ or NP concentrations incurred higher mortality than control fish following a disease challenge with Listonella anguillarum, while fish exposed to the lower concentrations were unaffected. Microarray analysis of the liver transcriptome revealed a total of 211 unique, annotated differentially regulated genes (DRGs) following high ATZ exposure and 299 DRGs following high NP exposure. Functional (enrichment) analysis revealed effects on immune system function, metabolism, oxygen homeostasis, cell cycle, DNA damage, and other processes affected by ATZ or NP exposure. Overall, this study provides evidence at multiple levels of biological organization that both ATZ and NP are immunotoxic at sub-lethal concentrations and highlights the potential risk posed by these chemicals to wild fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley K Shelley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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83
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Khidr BM, Mekkawy IAA, Harabawy ASA, Ohaida ASMI. Effect of lead nitrate on the liver of the cichlid fish (Oreochromis niloticus): a light microscope study. Pak J Biol Sci 2012; 15:854-862. [PMID: 24205754 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2012.854.862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The adverse impacts of heavy metals on fish liver were evident with great variability among organs and species. The present study deals with the histological changes of the hepatocytes of the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, following exposure to 2.5, 5, 10 ppm of lead nitrate for 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks. The present results revealed that lead nitrate exerts some histological effects on the hepatic tissue after exposure to the first concentration in the form of dilatation and congestion of the blood vessels, vacuolation of hepatic cells, proliferation of connective tissue and hepatic necrosis. Leucocyte aggregation-mostly lymphatic in nature-was seen infiltrating hepatic tissue. These alterations became more pronounced in liver of fishes exposed to second concentrations indicating more progressive signs of necrosis. The presence of eosinophilic oedematous areas surrounding some blood vessels was also observed. Finally, at the third concentration, in addition to the above alterations, melanomacrophages, which store lipofuscin at the site of necrosis, were observed. These histological results imply that the fish liver may serve as a target organ for the toxicity of sublethal concentrations of lead nitrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bothaina M Khidr
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Egypt
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84
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Sayed AEDH, Mahmoud UM, Mekkawy IA. Reproductive biomarkers to identify endocrine disruption in Clarias gariepinus exposed to 4-nonylphenol. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 78:310-9. [PMID: 22177982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 11/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the hormones concentrations and gonads alterations of Clarias gariepinus caused by sublethel concentrations of 4-nonylphenol (0, 0.05, 0.08 and 0.1 mg/l). The changes in the activities of the hormones after exposure to these sublethel doses of 4-nonylpenol referred to endocrine disruption in Clarias gariepinus in association with histopathological changes in reproductive tissues. The levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), total thyroxine (T4), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone concentrations significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the treated fish in comparison with control. 17-β-estradiol increased significantly (P<0.05) with 4-nonylphenol concentrations increase. Reduction in the gonadosomatic index was evident with increase of sublethal doses of 4-nonylphenol. The histopathological changes of NP-treated were recorded in gonads of Clarias gariepinus reflecting their sensitivity to NP-estrogenic like effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa El-Din H Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt.
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