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Yang L, Tu D, Wang N, Deng Z, Zhan Y, Liu W, Hu Y, Liu T, Tan L, Li Y, Guo S, Wang A. The protective effects of DL-Selenomethionine against T-2/HT-2 toxins-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in broiler hepatocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 54:137-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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52
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Zhong Y, Jin C, Wang X, Li X, Han J, Xue W, Wu P, Peng X, Xia X. Protective effects of apigenin against 3-MCPD-induced renal injury in rat. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 296:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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53
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Rong X, Sun-Waterhouse D, Wang D, Jiang Y, Li F, Chen Y, Zhao S, Li D. The Significance of Regulatory MicroRNAs: Their Roles in Toxicodynamics of Mycotoxins and in the Protection Offered by Dietary Therapeutics Against Mycotoxin-Induced Toxicity. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 18:48-66. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Rong
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes; the College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural Univ.; Taian Shandong 271018 P. R. China
| | - Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes; the College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural Univ.; Taian Shandong 271018 P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences; The Univ. of Auckland; Private Bag Auckland 92019 New Zealand
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes; the College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural Univ.; Taian Shandong 271018 P. R. China
- Shandong Inst. of Pomology; Taian Shandong 271000 P. R. China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes; the College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural Univ.; Taian Shandong 271018 P. R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes; the College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural Univ.; Taian Shandong 271018 P. R. China
| | - Yilun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes; the College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural Univ.; Taian Shandong 271018 P. R. China
| | - Shancang Zhao
- Central Laboratory of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety of Shandong Province; Jinan Shandong 250100 P. R. China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes; the College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural Univ.; Taian Shandong 271018 P. R. China
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Pyrrolidine Dithiocarbamate (PDTC) Inhibits DON-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Apoptosis via the NF- κB/iNOS Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1324173. [PMID: 30595795 PMCID: PMC6286745 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1324173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is closely linked to the toxic responses of various cell types in normal and pathophysiological conditions. Deoxynivalenol (DON), an inducer of stress responses in the ribosome and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), causes mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis through oxidative stress in humans and animals. The NF-κB pathway, which is closely linked to oxidative stress, is hypothesized to be a critical signaling pathway for DON-induced toxicity and is a potential target for intervention. The present study was conducted to explore the protective effects of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) from the toxic effects of DON in rat anterior pituitary GH3 cells. Our results showed that DON activated the NF-κB transcription factors and induced cellular oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis. Morphological studies using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and cell apoptosis analyses suggested that PDTC prevented DON-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis, probably by preventing the DON-induced translocation of NF-κB p65 into the nucleus, and by inhibiting DON-induced iNOS expression. This led to the blocking of the NF-κB pathway and inhibition of iNOS activity.
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Decreased PGC1-α levels and increased apoptotic protein signaling are associated with the maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy in hyperthyroidism. J Biosci 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-018-9816-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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56
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Yi Y, Zhao F, Wang N, Liu H, Yu L, Wang A, Jin Y. Endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in the T-2 toxin-induced apoptosis in goat endometrium epithelial cells. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 38:1492-1501. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanglei Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Fan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Huan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Lijun Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Aihua Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Yaping Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University; Yangling Shaanxi China
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Deyu H, Luqing C, Xianglian L, Pu G, Qirong L, Xu W, Zonghui Y. Protective mechanisms involving enhanced mitochondrial functions and mitophagy against T-2 toxin-induced toxicities in GH3 cells. Toxicol Lett 2018; 295:41-53. [PMID: 29870751 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
T-2 toxin is the most toxic member of trichothecene mycotoxin. So far, the mechanism of mitochondrial toxicity and protective mechanism in mammalian cells against T-2 toxin are not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the cellular and mitochondrial toxicity of T-2 toxin, and the cellular protective mechanisms in rat pituitary GH3 cells. We showed that T-2 toxin significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage and caused apoptosis in GH3 cells. T-2 toxin induced abnormal cell morphology, cytoplasm and nuclear shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation and formation of apoptotic bodies and autophagosomes. The mitochondrial degradative morphologies included local or total cristae collapse and small condensed mitochondria. T-2 toxin decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential. However, T-2 toxin significantly increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and expression of antioxidant genes glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx-1), catalase (CAT), mitochondria-specific SOD-2 and mitochondrial uncoupling protein-1, -2 and -3 (UCP-1, 2 and 3). Interestingly, T-2 toxin increased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and mitochondrial complex I activity, and increased the expression of most of mitochondrial electron transport chain subunits tested and critical transcription factors controlling mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial DNA transcription and replication. T-2 toxin increased mitophagic activity by increasing the expression of mitophagy-specific proteins NIP-like protein X (NIX), PTEN-induced putative kinase protein 1 (PINK1) and E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin. T-2 toxin activated the protective protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway, which activated the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)/PINK1/Parkin pathway to mediate mitophagy. Taken together, our results suggested that the mammalian cells could increase their resistance against T-2 toxin by increasing the antioxidant activity, mitophagy and mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Deyu
- Department of Animal Sciences & Technology, Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Cui Luqing
- Department of Animal Sciences & Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Liu Xianglian
- Department of Animal Sciences & Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Guo Pu
- Department of Animal Sciences & Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Lu Qirong
- Department of Animal Sciences & Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Wang Xu
- Department of Animal Sciences & Technology, Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Department of Animal Sciences & Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Yuan Zonghui
- Department of Animal Sciences & Technology, Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Department of Animal Sciences & Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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58
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Citrinin exposure affects oocyte maturation and embryo development by inducing oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:34525-34533. [PMID: 28404941 PMCID: PMC5470988 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrinin is one of the mycotoxins and has been shown to have various toxic effects in animals and humans. Although previous study showed the toxic effects of citrinin on the female reproductive system, especially on oocyte maturation, however, the causes or mechanism of citrinin on oocyte quality is unclear. In present study we deeply investigated this topic. We found thatcitrinin toxin exposure inhibited mouse oocyte maturation and early embryo development. Further investigation showed that the actin distribution in oocytes and embryos was disrupted, and the reduced expression of actin nucleator ARP2 expression in the oocyte cortex further confirmed this. We also found that meiotic spindle morphology was abnormal after citrinin treatment. These results indicated that citrinin toxin exposure could disrupt cytoskeleton dynamics to affect oocyte maturation and early embryo development. We also examined the ROS level and early apoptosis marker Annexin signals, and the results showed that both levels increased, indicating that citrinin induced oxidative stress and further resulted in oocyte early apoptosis. Taken together, our results indicated that citrinin toxin exposure could reduce mouse oocyte maturation and early embryo development capability by affecting cytoskeletal dynamics, which may be due to the oxidative stress induced early apoptosis.
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Fatima Z, Guo P, Huang D, Lu Q, Wu Q, Dai M, Cheng G, Peng D, Tao Y, Ayub M, Ul Qamar MT, Ali MW, Wang X, Yuan Z. The critical role of p16/Rb pathway in the inhibition of GH3 cell cycle induced by T-2 toxin. Toxicology 2018; 400-401:28-39. [PMID: 29567467 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
T-2 toxin is a worldwide trichothecenetoxin and can cause various toxicities.T-2 toxin is involved in G1 phase arrest in several cell lines but molecular mechanism is still not clear. In present study, we used rat pituitary GH3 cells to investigate the mechanism involved in cell cycle arrest against T-2 toxin (40 nM) for 12, 24, 36 and 48 h as compared to control cells. GH3 cells showed a considerable increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as loss in mitochondrial membrane potential (△Ym) upon exposure to the T-2 toxin. Flow cytometry showed a significant time-dependent increase in percentage of apoptotic cells and gel electrophoresis showed the hallmark of apoptosis oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Additionally, T-2 toxin-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage with a time-dependent significant increased expression of p53 favors the apoptotic process by the activation of caspase-3 in T-2 toxin treated cells. Cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry revealed a time-dependent increase ofG1 cell population along with the significant time-dependent up-regulation of mRNA and protein expression of p16 and p21 and significant down-regulation of cyclin D1, CDK4, and p-RB levels further verify the G1 phase arrest in GH3 cells. Morphology of GH3 cells by TEM clearly showed the damage and dysfunction to mitochondria and the cell nucleus. These findings for the first time demonstrate that T-2 toxin induces G1 phase cell cycle arrest by the involvement of p16/Rb pathway, along with ROS mediated oxidative stress and DNA damage with p53 and caspase cascade interaction, resulting in apoptosis in GH3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Fatima
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan, China
| | - Pu Guo
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan, China
| | - Deyu Huang
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan, China
| | - Qirong Lu
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Menghong Dai
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, China
| | - Guyue Cheng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, China
| | - Dapeng Peng
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan, China
| | - Yanfei Tao
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan, China
| | | | | | - Muhammad Waqar Ali
- College of Plant Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Wang
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan, China; MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Wuhan, China.
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60
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Varró P, Béldi M, Kovács M, Világi I. T-2 mycotoxin treatment of newborn rat pups does not significantly affect nervous system functions in adulthood. ACTA BIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2018; 69:29-41. [PMID: 29575911 DOI: 10.1556/018.68.2018.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
T-2 toxin is primarily produced by Fusarium sp. abundant under temperate climatic conditions. Its main harmful effect is the inhibition of protein synthesis. Causing oxidative stress, it also promotes lipid peroxidation and changes plasma membrane phospholipid composition; this may lead to nervous system alterations. The aim of the present study was to examine whether a single dose of T-2 toxin administered at newborn age has any long-lasting effects on nervous system functions. Rat pups were treated on the first postnatal day with a single intraperitoneal dose of T-2 toxin (0.2 mg/bwkg). Body weight of treated pups was lower during the second and third week of life, compared to littermates; later, weight gain was recovered. At young adulthood, behavior was tested in the open field, and no difference was observed between treated and control rats. Field potential recordings from somatosensory cortex and hippocampus slices did not reveal any significant difference in neuronal network functions. In case of neocortical field EPSP, the shape was slightly different in treated pups. Long-term synaptic plasticity was also comparable in both groups. Seizure susceptibility of the slices was not different, either. In conclusion, T-2 toxin did not significantly affect basic nervous system functions at this dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Varró
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-KE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Melinda Béldi
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Melinda Kovács
- MTA-KE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Világi
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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61
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Velkov T, Tang S, Dai C. T-2 toxin-induced toxicity in neuroblastoma-2a cells involves the generation of reactive oxygen, mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibition of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 114:88-97. [PMID: 29432840 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of T-2 mycotoxin induced neurotoxicity remains enigmatic. In the present study we show that T-2 toxin induced neurotoxicity in mouse neuroblastoma2a (N2a) cells is both dose- and time-dependent and is associated with oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. T-2 toxin treatment of N2a cells at 10, 20, 40 and 80 ng/mL for 24 h significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression of p53, Bax, and caspase-8 and down-regulated the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA and protein expression. Activation of caspases-8, -9 and -3 was also evident in a concentration-dependent manner. Pre-treatment of the cells with the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine markedly suppressed T-2 toxin-induced neurotoxicity and caspase activation. Conversely, pre-treatment of the cells with the Nrf2 inhibitor brusatol or the HO-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin IX, enhanced T-2 toxin induced neurotoxicity and increased the activation of caspase-9 and -3. Taken together, these novel findings suggest that T-2 toxin-induced neurotoxicity in N2a cells involves oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis via the inhibition of the Nrf2/HO-1 and activation of p53 pathway. The present study highlights the potential of developing much needed pharmacological interventions to prevent T-2 toxin neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiya Zhang
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Food Safety Control of Processing and Circulation, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Tony Velkov
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Shusheng Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Chongshan Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
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Wu Q, Wang X, Nepovimova E, Wang Y, Yang H, Li L, Zhang X, Kuca K. Antioxidant agents against trichothecenes: new hints for oxidative stress treatment. Oncotarget 2017; 8:110708-110726. [PMID: 29299181 PMCID: PMC5746416 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichothecenes are a group of mycotoxins mainly produced by fungi of genus Fusarium. Due to high toxicity and widespread dissemination, T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol (DON) are considered to be the most important compounds of this class. Trichothecenes generate free radicals, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induce lipid peroxidation, decrease levels of antioxidant enzymes, and ultimately lead to apoptosis. Consequently, oxidative stress is an active area of research on the toxic mechanisms of trichothecenes, and identification of antioxidant agents that could be used against trichothecenes is crucial for human health. Numerous natural compounds have been analyzed and have shown to function very effectively as antioxidants against trichothecenes. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying oxidative stress induced by these compounds, and discuss current knowledge regarding such antioxidant agents as vitamins, quercetin, selenium, glucomannan, nucleotides, antimicrobial peptides, bacteria, polyunsaturated fatty acids, oligosaccharides, and plant extracts. These products inhibit trichothecene-induced oxidative stress by (1) inhibiting ROS generation and induced DNA damage and lipid peroxidation; (2) increasing antioxidant enzyme activity; (3) blocking the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways; (4) inhibiting caspase activity and apoptosis; (5) protecting mitochondria; and (6) regulating anti-inflammatory actions. Finally, we summarize some decontamination methods, including bacterial and yeast biotransformation and degradation, as well as mycotoxin-binding agents. This review provides a comprehensive overview of antioxidant agents against trichothecenes and casts new light on the attenuation of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove 50003, Czech Republic
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove 50003, Czech Republic
| | - Yun Wang
- College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Hualin Yang
- College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove 50003, Czech Republic
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63
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Huang D, Cui L, Guo P, Xue X, Wu Q, Hussain HI, Wang X, Yuan Z. Nitric oxide mediates apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction and plays a role in growth hormone deficiency by nivalenol in GH3 cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17079. [PMID: 29213091 PMCID: PMC5719085 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16908-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nivalenol (NIV), a type B trichothecenes commonly found in cereal crops, can cause growth impairment in animals. However, limited information about its mechanisms is available. Trichothecenes have been characterized as an inhibitor of protein synthesis and induce apoptosis in cells. Oxidative stress is considered an underlying mechanism. However, whether NIV can induce oxidative stress and apoptosis in rat pituitary cells line GH3 is unclear. The present study showed that NIV significantly reduced the viability of cells and caused oxidative stress in GH3 cells. Further experiments showed that nitric oxide (NO), but not ROS, mediated NIV-induced oxidative stress. Additionally, NIV induced caspase-dependent apoptosis, decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial ultrastructural changes. However, NIV-induced caspase activation, mitochondrial damage and apoptosis were partially alleviated by Z-VAD-FMK or NO scavenger hemoglobin. Finally, NIV changed the expression of growth-associated genes and pro-inflammatory cytokines. NIV also reduced the GH secretion in GH3 cells, which was reversed by hemoglobin. Taken together, these results suggested that NIV induced apoptosis in caspase-dependent mitochondrial pathway in GH3 cells, which might be an underlying mechanism of NIV-induced GH deficiency. Importantly, NO played a critical role in the induction of oxidative stress, apoptosis and GH deficiency in NIV-treated GH3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Huang
- The Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Luqing Cui
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Livestock and Poultry Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Pu Guo
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Livestock and Poultry Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xijuan Xue
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Livestock and Poultry Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, P.R. China
| | - Hafiz Iftikhar Hussain
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Livestock and Poultry Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xu Wang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Livestock and Poultry Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, P.R. China.
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- The Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, P.R. China. .,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Livestock and Poultry Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, P.R. China.
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Baicalein inhibits cervical cancer progression via downregulating long noncoding RNA BDLNR and its downstream PI3K/Akt pathway. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 94:107-118. [PMID: 29175387 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Baicalein, an active flavonoid extracted from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has fascinating anti-cancer effects on many cancers. Our previous study also found that baicalein inhibited cervical cancer cell proliferation and migration, and induced cervical cancer cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-cancer effects of baicalein are largely unknown. In this study, we identified a novel long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), which is downregulated by baicalein in a dose- and time-dependent manner in cervical cancer. We named this lncRNA as baicalein down-regulated long noncoding RNA (BDLNR). Gain-of- and loss-of-function assays showed that BDLNR was required for baicalein-induced cell proliferation inhibition, cell death induction, migration inhibition, and in vivo tumor growth inhibition of cervical cancer. Mechanistically, BDLNR physically bound to YBX1, recruited YBX1 to PIK3CA promoter, activated PIK3CA expression and PI3K/Akt pathway. Furthermore, BDLNR was upregulated in cervical cancer and associated with poor prognosis of cervical cancer patients. Collectively, our data demonstrated that BDLNR mediated the anti-cancer effects of baicalein in cervical cancer via activating PI3K/Akt pathway, and implied that BDLNR would be potential therapeutic target for enhancing the anti-cancer effects of baicalein in cervical cancer.
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Cui J, Wang J, Huang S, Jiang X, Li Y, Wu W, Zhang X. Sterigmatocystin induced apoptosis in human pulmonary cells in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 69:695-699. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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66
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Vijayalakshmi A, Sindhu G. Umbelliferone arrest cell cycle at G0/G1 phase and induces apoptosis in human oral carcinoma (KB) cells possibly via oxidative DNA damage. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 92:661-671. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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67
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Zhong Y, Jin C, Gan J, Wang X, Shi Z, Xia X, Peng X. Apigenin attenuates patulin-induced apoptosis in HEK293 cells by modulating ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase signal pathway. Toxicon 2017; 137:106-113. [PMID: 28734981 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins like patulin (PAT) are among the most significant food contaminant with regard to public health. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of apigenin (API), one of the most bioactive flavonoids in plant-derived food, on PAT-induced apoptosis in HEK293 cells. Cells were treated under basic conditions, 8 μM PAT without or with API (2.5, 5 and 10 μM) concomitantly for 10 h. API exerted renoprotective effect by inhibiting intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, modulating oxidative phosphorylation especially elevating the expression of ATP synthase, re-establishing mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and maintaining higher intracellular ATP level, accompanied by p53, Bax downregulation and Bcl-2 upregulation. Thereby, cytochrome c release from mitochondria to cytoplasm was reduced, causing inhibition of initiator caspases-9 and executioner caspases (3, 6 and 7) expression and enzyme activities. Results revealed dietary apigenin attenuates patulin-induced apoptosis in HEK293 cells by modulating ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chengni Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jing Gan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaorui Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhenqiang Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Xiaoli Peng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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68
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Khan S, Naseem I. Photocatalytic interaction of aminophylline-riboflavin leads to ROS-mediated DNA damage and cell death: A novel phototherapeutic mechanism for cancer. IUBMB Life 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saniyya Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Imrana Naseem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences; Aligarh Muslim University; Aligarh Uttar Pradesh India
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69
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Jacevic V, Kuca K, Milovanovic Z, Bocarov-Stancic A, Rancic I, Bokonjic D, Dragojevic-Simic V, Segrt Z. Gastroprotective effects of amifostine in rats treated by T-2 toxin. TOXIN REV 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2017.1329211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Jacevic
- National Poison Control Centre, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia,
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia,
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic,
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic,
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic,
| | | | | | - Ilija Rancic
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia,
| | - Dubravko Bokonjic
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia,
| | - Viktorija Dragojevic-Simic
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia,
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia, and
| | - Zoran Segrt
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia,
- Department for Treatment, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
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70
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Akbari P, Braber S, Varasteh S, Alizadeh A, Garssen J, Fink-Gremmels J. The intestinal barrier as an emerging target in the toxicological assessment of mycotoxins. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:1007-1029. [PMID: 27417439 PMCID: PMC5316402 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1794-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins, the secondary metabolites of fungal species, are the most frequently occurring natural food contaminants in human and animal diets. Risk assessment of mycotoxins focused as yet on their mutagenic, genotoxic and potential carcinogenic effects. Recently, there is an increasing awareness of the adverse effects of various mycotoxins on vulnerable structures in the intestines. In particular, an impairment of the barrier function of the epithelial lining cells and the sealing tight junction proteins has been noted, as this could result in an increased translocation of luminal antigens and pathogens and an excessive activation of the immune system. The current review aims to provide a summary of the available evidence regarding direct effects of various mycotoxins on the intestinal epithelial barrier. Available data, based on different cellular and animal studies, show that food-associated exposure to certain mycotoxins, especially trichothecenes and patulin, affects the intestinal barrier integrity and can result in an increased translocation of harmful stressors. It is therefore hypothesized that human exposure to certain mycotoxins, particularly deoxynivalenol, as the major trichothecene, may play an important role in etiology of various chronic intestinal inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, and in the prevalence of food allergies, particularly in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Akbari
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Braber
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Soheil Varasteh
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arash Alizadeh
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Nutricia Research, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna Fink-Gremmels
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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71
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Yang L, Tu D, Zhao Z, Cui J. Cytotoxicity and apoptosis induced by mixed mycotoxins (T-2 and HT-2 toxin) on primary hepatocytes of broilers in vitro. Toxicon 2017; 129:1-10. [PMID: 28093223 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
T-2 and HT-2 (T-2/HT-2) induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in hepatocytes from broilers. In this study, hepatocytes treated with T-2/HT-2 were analyzed for cytotoxic effects and apoptosis and for the associated mechanisms. To assay cytotoxicity, we used the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) viability assay, hematoxylin-eosin staining and aspartase transaminase and alanine transaminase (ALT/AST) activities. We evaluated apoptosis by fluorescence microscopy using the Terminal transferase nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The apoptotic ratio and the apoptotic stage of the hepatocytes were next assessed with fluorescently labeled (FITC) Annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) staining. Finally, expression levels of apoptosis-related mRNAs were assessed by real-time PCR and those of apoptosis-related proteins by western blotting. We found that cells treated with T-2/HT-2 showed, in a dose dependent manner, significantly lower cell viabilities (P < 0.05) and markedly increased intercellular spaces, dead cells and ALT/AST activities. T-2/HT-2 treatment also significantly increased the number of apoptotic cells and the apoptotic ratio (P < 0.05). T-2/HT-2 induced early stage apoptosis of the hepatocytes and levels of apoptosis-related mRNAs and proteins changed in a manner implicating them in the apoptotic process. These changes occurred from 0 to 24 h of T-2/HT-2 exposure. Expression of bax and caspase-7 mRNAs was significantly upregulated, in a time-dependent manner, during this period (P < 0.05). Levels of mRNAs for caspase-3 and caspase-9 were increased from 0 to 12 h (P < 0.05) and then decreased after 12 h (P < 0.05). There were no significant effects on expression of bcl-2 mRNA (P > 0.05). Expression of all apoptosis-related proteins examined, except for bcl-2, was significantly increased from 0 to 24 h in a time-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Overall, T-2/HT-2 induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in hepatocytes. The resulting changes in mRNA and protein expression were shown that several apoptosis-related proteins were involved in the liver toxicity of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingchen Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, No.1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China.
| | - Di Tu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, No.1 Nongda Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Wei-Gang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Wei-Gang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
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72
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Zhang YF, Yang JY, Li YK, Zhou W. Toxicity and oxidative stress induced by T-2 toxin in cultured mouse Leydig cells. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 27:100-106. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2016.1258747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Fa Zhang
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, PR China
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, PR China
| | - Jian Ying Yang
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, PR China
| | - Yong Kai Li
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, PR China
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, PR China
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73
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Peng X, Gan J, Wang Q, Shi Z, Xia X. 3-Monochloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) induces apoptosis via mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system impairment and the caspase cascade pathway. Toxicology 2016; 372:1-11. [PMID: 27732882 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
3-Monochloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) is the most toxic chloropropanols compounds in foodstuff which mainly generated during thermal processing. Kidney is one of the primary target organs for 3-MCPD. Using human embryonic kidney cell (HEK293FT) as an in vitro model, we found that 3-MCPD caused concentration-dependent increase in cytoxicity as assessed by dye uptake, lactatedehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and MTT assays. HEK293FT cell treated with 3-MCPD suffered the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential and the impairment of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system, especially the reduced amount of mRNA expression and protein synthesis of electron transport chain complex II, complex IV, and complex III. More importantly, energy release (ATP synthesis) was significantly inhibited by 3-MCPD resulting from the down regulation expressions of ATP synthase (ATP6 and ATP8), as well as the loss of transmembrane potential required for synthesis of ATP. The decreased ratio of mitochondrial apoptogenic factors Bax/Bcl-2 and the cytochrome-c release from mitochondria to cytosol followed by the activation of apoptotic initiators caspase 9 and apoptotic executioners (caspase 3, caspase 6 and caspase 7) leading to apoptosis. The activation of caspase 8 and caspase 2 implied that there were probably other factors to induce the caspase-dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Peng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanixi, 712100, China
| | - Jing Gan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanixi, 712100, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Genetic Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150086, China
| | - Zhenqiang Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanixi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanixi, 712100, China.
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74
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Therapeutic role of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity in adult male albino rat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1097/01.ehx.0000508456.99217.6e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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75
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Kalantari H, Hemmati AA, Goudarzi M, Forouzandeh H, Kalantar M, Aghel N, Kiyani Aslani M, Shamsi Ehsan T. Healing Effect of Hawthorn (Crataegus pontica C. Koch) Leaf Extract in Dermal Toxicity Induced by T-2 Toxin in Rabbit. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2016. [DOI: 10.17795/jjnpp-35688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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76
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Bhat PV, Pandareesh, Khanum F, Tamatam A. Cytotoxic Effects of Ochratoxin A in Neuro-2a Cells: Role of Oxidative Stress Evidenced by N-acetylcysteine. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1142. [PMID: 27531992 PMCID: PMC4969303 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin-A (OTA), is toxic secondary metabolite and is found to be a source of vast range of toxic effects like hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity. However, the information available currently regarding neurotoxic effects exerted by OTA is scanty. Hence, the present study was aimed to evaluate the neurotoxic effects of OTA and the possible mechanisms of toxicity as well as the role of cytotoxic oxidative stress on neuronal (Neuro-2a) cell line was evaluated in vitro. Results of the MTT and LDH assay showed that, OTA induced dose-dependent cell death in Neuro-2a cells and EC50 value was determined as 500 nM. OTA induced high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and elevated levels of malondialdehyde, also loss of mitochondrial membrane potential was observed in a dose depended manner. Effects of OTA on ROS induced chromosomal DNA damage was assessed by Comet assay and plasmid DNA damage assay in which increase in DNA damage was observed in Neuro-2a cells by increasing the OTA concentration. Further western blotting analysis of OTA treated Neuro-2a cells indicated elevated expression levels of c-Jun, JNK3 and cleaved caspase-3 leading to apoptotic cell death. Other hand realtime-Q-PCR analysis clearly indicates the suppressed expression of neuronal biomarker genes including AChE, BDNF, TH and NOS2. Further N-acetylcysteine (NAC) pretreatment to Neuro-2a cells followed by OTA treatment clearly evidenced that, the significant reversal of toxic effects exerted by OTA on Neuro-2a cells. In the present study, results illustrate that ROS a principle event in oxidative stress was elevated by OTA toxicity in Neuro-2a cells. However, further in vivo, animal studies are in need to conclude the present study reports and the use of NAC as a remedy for OTA induced neuronal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratiksha V Bhat
- Biochemistry and Nano Sciences Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory Mysore, India
| | - Pandareesh
- Biochemistry and Nano Sciences Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory Mysore, India
| | - Farhath Khanum
- Biochemistry and Nano Sciences Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory Mysore, India
| | - Anand Tamatam
- Biochemistry and Nano Sciences Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory Mysore, India
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77
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Zhang Y, Mei H, Shan W, Shi L, Chang X, Zhu Y, Chen F, Han X. Lentinan protects pancreatic β cells from STZ-induced damage. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1803-12. [PMID: 27444655 PMCID: PMC5020630 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β‐cell death or dysfunction mediated by oxidative stress underlies the development and progression of diabetes mellitus (DM). In this study, we evaluated the effect of lentinan (LNT), an active ingredient purified from the bodies of Lentinus edodes, on pancreatic β‐cell apoptosis and dysfunction caused by streptozotocin (STZ) and the possible mechanisms implicated. The rat insulinoma cell line INS‐1 were pre‐treated with the indicated concentration of LNT for 30 min. and then incubated for 24 hrs with or without 0.5 mM STZ. We found that STZ treatment causes apoptosis of INS‐1 cells by enhancement of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and nitric oxide release and activation of the c‐jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways. However, LNT significantly increased cell viability and effectively attenuated STZ‐induced ROS production, iNOS expression and nitric oxide release and the activation of JNK and p38 MAPK in a dose‐dependent manner in vitro. Moreover, LNT dose‐dependently prevented STZ‐induced inhibition of insulin synthesis by blocking the activation of nuclear factor kappa beta and increasing the level of Pdx‐1 in INS‐1 cells. Together these findings suggest that LNT could protect against pancreatic β‐cell apoptosis and dysfunction caused by STZ and therefore may be a potential pharmacological agent for preventing pancreatic β‐cell damage caused by oxidative stress associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongliang Mei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Shan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoai Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunxia Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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78
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Kumari I, Ahmed M, Akhter Y. Multifaceted impact of trichothecene metabolites on plant-microbe interactions and human health. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:5759-71. [PMID: 27198722 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7599-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Fungi present in rhizosphere produce trichothecene metabolites which are small in size and amphipathic in nature and some of them may cross cell membranes passively. Hypocreaceae family of rhizosphere fungi produce trichothecene molecules, however it is not a mandatory characteristic of all genera. Some of these molecules are also reported as growth adjuvant, while others are reported as deleterious for the plant growth. In this review, we are exploring the roles of these compounds during plant-microbe interactions. The three-way interaction among the plants, symbiotic microbial agents (fungi and bacteria), and the pathogenic microbes (bacteria, fungi) or multicellular pathogens like nematodes involving these compounds may only help us to understand better the complex processes happening in the microcosm of rhizosphere. These metabolites may further modulate the activity of different proteins involved in the cell signalling events of defence-related response in plants. That may induce the defence system against pathogens and growth promoting gene expression in plants, while in animal cells, these molecules have reported biochemical and pharmacological effects such as inducing oxidative stress, cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis, and may be involved in maintenance of membrane integrity. The biochemistry, chemical structures and specific functional group-mediated activity of these compounds have not been studied in details yet. Few of these molecules are also recently reported as novel anti-cancer agent against human chondrosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Kumari
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Shahpur, Kangra District, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India
| | - Mushtaq Ahmed
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Shahpur, Kangra District, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India
| | - Yusuf Akhter
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Shahpur, Kangra District, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India.
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79
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Moosavi M, Rezaei M, Kalantari H, Behfar A, Varnaseri G. l-carnitine protects rat hepatocytes from oxidative stress induced by T-2 toxin. Drug Chem Toxicol 2016; 39:445-50. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2016.1141423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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80
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Abassi H, Ayed-Boussema I, Shirley S, Abid S, Bacha H. Ochratoxin A and T-2 Toxin Induce Clonogenicity and Cell Migration in Human Colon Carcinoma and Fetal Lung Fibroblast Cell Lines. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2016; 30:128-35. [PMID: 26849850 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
T-2 toxin and Ochratoxin A (OTA) are toxic secondary metabolites produced by various fungi, and together they contaminate feedstuffs worldwide. T-2 toxin and OTA may exert carcinogenic action in rodent. Despite the various in vivo experiments, carcinogenicity of these two mycotoxins has not yet been proven for human. In this current study, we proposed to investigate, in Human colon carcinoma cells and fetal lung fibroblast-like cells transfected with MYC, the effect of T-2 toxin and OTA on cell clonogenicity and cell migration. Results of the present investigation showed that T2-toxin as well as OTA has an important clonogenic effect in all cell lines, suggesting that these mycotoxins could promote the transcription of c-myc gene. Furthermore, T-2 toxin and OTA enhanced the migration effect of HCT116 cells at very low concentrations, proposing that these mycotoxins may exhibit carcinogenesis-like properties in the studied cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haila Abassi
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Substances Biologiquement Compatibles (LRSBC), Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Imen Ayed-Boussema
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Substances Biologiquement Compatibles (LRSBC), Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sarah Shirley
- INSERM, U866, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, F-21000, France
| | - Salwa Abid
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Substances Biologiquement Compatibles (LRSBC), Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hassen Bacha
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Substances Biologiquement Compatibles (LRSBC), Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia.
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81
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Wan Q, He Q, Deng X, Hao F, Tang H, Wang Y. Systemic Metabolic Responses of Broiler Chickens and Piglets to Acute T-2 Toxin Intravenous Exposure. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:714-723. [PMID: 26714875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to thoroughly investigate the toxicity mechanism of mycotoxin T-2 toxin and to further understand the endogenous metabolic alterations induced by T-2 toxin. To achieve this, a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabonomics approach was used to analyze the metabolic alterations induced by a single intravenous injection of T-2 toxin (0.5 mg/kg of body weight) in piglets and broiler chickens. A range of metabolites in the plasma, liver, kidney, and spleen of broiler chickens and plasma of piglets was changed following T-2 toxin injection. For example, a rapid increase of amino acids together with a significant reduction of glucose and lipid occurred in the plasma of broiler chickens and piglets following T-2 toxin treatment. A significant accumulation of amino acids and modulated nucleotides were detected in the liver, kidney, and spleen of T-2 toxin-treated broiler chickens. These data indicated that T-2 toxin caused endogenous metabolic changes in multiple organs and perturbed various metabolic pathways, including energy, amino acid, and nucleotide metabolism, as well as oxidative stress. We also observed elevated levels of tryptophan in the T-2 toxin-treated broiler chickens, which may explain the reported neurotoxic effects of T-2 toxin. These findings provide important information on the toxicity of T-2 toxin and demonstrate the power of the NMR-based metabonomics approach in exploring the toxicity mechanism of xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianfen Wan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan, Hubei 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua He
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianbai Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuhua Hao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan, Hubei 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiru Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Metabolomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulan Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan, Hubei 430071, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, People's Republic of China
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82
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Tsubone H, Hanafusa M. An overview of toxicity of trichothecene mycotoxins, T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol: Involvements of their oxidative stress and apoptosis effects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.2520/myco.66.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Tsubone
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Masakazu Hanafusa
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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83
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Park CH, Lee JY, Kim MY, Shin SH, Roh SS, Choi JS, Chung HY, Song YO, Shin YS, Yokozawa T. Oligonol, a low-molecular-weight polyphenol derived from lychee fruit, protects the pancreas from apoptosis and proliferation via oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Food Funct 2016; 7:3056-3063. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00088f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We have identified the pancreato-protective effects of Lychee Fruit-Derived Polyphenol Mixture, Oligonol, on diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Hum Park
- Department of Medicinal Crop Research
- National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science
- Rural Development Administration
- Eumseong 369-873
- Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Young Lee
- College of Korean Medicine
- Daegu Haany University
- Gyeongsan 712-715
- Republic of Korea
| | - Min Yeong Kim
- College of Korean Medicine
- Daegu Haany University
- Gyeongsan 712-715
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Shin
- College of Korean Medicine
- Daegu Haany University
- Gyeongsan 712-715
- Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Soo Roh
- College of Korean Medicine
- Daegu Haany University
- Gyeongsan 712-715
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science
- Pukyong National University
- Busan 608-737
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA)
- College of Pharmacy
- Pusan National University
- Busan 609-735
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Ok Song
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition
- Pusan National University
- Busan 609-735
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Su Shin
- Department of Medicinal Crop Research
- National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science
- Rural Development Administration
- Eumseong 369-873
- Republic of Korea
| | - Takako Yokozawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research
- University of Toyama
- Toyama 930-8555
- Japan
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84
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Yang L, Yu Z, Hou J, Deng Y, Zhou Z, Zhao Z, Cui J. Toxicity and oxidative stress induced by T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin in broilers and broiler hepatocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 87:128-37. [PMID: 26683309 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
T-2 and HT-2 toxins belong to mycotoxins which are found in human foods and animal chow. We investigated the toxicity and oxidative stress induced by T-2/HT-2 in broilers and chicken hepatocytes. Maize cultures of Fusarium poae was fed to broilers for 42 d, and the physiological index, biochemical index and expression of mRNAs related to oxidative stress were analyzed. Chicken hepatocytes were treated with different levels of T-2/HT-2, and the following parameters were detected: cell viability, GSH and MDA concentration, LDH leakage, activities of ALT/AST, ROS, GSH-PX, SOD and CAT, and expression of mRNA related to oxidative stress. In vivo, high levels of mycotoxins (4 mg/kg T-2 and 0.667 mg/kg HT-2) in feed caused significant reductions in body weight, weight gain, and serum total protein, and significant increases in feed conversion ratio, ALP, ALT/AST activities, and expression of mRNA related to oxidative stress. In vitro, cells treated with T-2/HT-2 showed reductions of GSH concentration and significant increases in LDH leakage, ALT/AST ROS, GSH-PX, SOD and CAT activities, MDA concentration, and expression of mRNA related to oxidative stress. Consequently, F. poae culture material and T-2/HT-2 induced toxicity and oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingchen Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Wei-Gang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zezhong Yu
- Department of Animal Science, Yuxi Agricultural Vocation Technical College, No. 41 Xiangjiazhuang, Hongta District, Yuxi 653100, PR China
| | - Jiafa Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Wei-Gang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Yifeng Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Wei-Gang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zhenlei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Wei-Gang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Wei-Gang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jun Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Wei-Gang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, PR China
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85
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Paul S, Jakhar R, Bhardwaj M, Kang SC. Glutathione-S-transferase omega 1 (GSTO1-1) acts as mediator of signaling pathways involved in aflatoxin B1-induced apoptosis-autophagy crosstalk in macrophages. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:1218-30. [PMID: 26561775 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most toxic aflatoxin species and has been shown to be associated with specific as well as non-specific immune responses. In the present study, using murine macrophage Raw 264.7 cells as a model, we report that short exposure (6h) to AFB1 caused an increase in the cellular calcium pool in mitochondria, which in turn elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative stress and led to loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and ultimately c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK)-mediated caspase-dependent cell death. On the contrary, longer exposure (12h) to AFB1 reduced JNK phosphorylation and cell death in macrophages. Measurement of autophagic flux demonstrated that autophagy induction through the canonical pathway was responsible for suppressing AFB1-induced apoptosis after 12h. As a detailed molecular mechanism, we found that the unfolded protein response (UPR) machinery was active at 12h post-exposure to AFB1 and induced cytoprotective autophagy as confirmed by determination of major autophagic markers. Inhibition of autophagy by Beclin-1 siRNA also resulted in JNK-mediated cell death. We further established that glutathione S transferase omega1-1 (GSTO1-1), a specific class of GST, was the responsible factor between apoptosis and autophagy crosstalk. Targeting of GSTO1-1 increased JNK-mediated apoptosis by 2-fold compared to the control, whereas autophagy rate was reduced. Thus, increased expression of GSTO1-1 was associated with increased protein glutathionylation, an important protein modification in response to cellular redox status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souren Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Kyoungsan, Kyoungbook 712-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Rekha Jakhar
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Kyoungsan, Kyoungbook 712-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Monika Bhardwaj
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Kyoungsan, Kyoungbook 712-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Chul Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Kyoungsan, Kyoungbook 712-714, Republic of Korea.
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86
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Bócsai A, Pelyhe C, Zándoki E, Ancsin Z, Szabó-Fodor J, Erdélyi M, Mézes M, Balogh K. Short-term effects of T-2 toxin exposure on some lipid peroxide and glutathione redox parameters of broiler chickens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2015; 100:520-5. [PMID: 26412027 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the short-term effects of T-2 toxin exposure (3.09 mg/kg feed) on lipid peroxidation and glutathione redox system of broiler chicken. A total of 54 Cobb 500 cockerels were randomly distributed to two experimental groups at 21 days of age. Samples (blood plasma, red blood cell, liver, kidney and spleen) were collected every 12 h during a 48-h period. The results showed that the initial phase of lipid peroxidation, as measured by conjugated dienes and trienes in the liver, was continuously, but not significantly higher in T-2 toxin-dosed birds than in control birds. The termination phase of lipid peroxidation, as measured by malondialdehyde, was significantly higher in liver and kidney as a result of T-2 toxin exposure at the end of the experimental period (48th hour). The glutathione redox system activated shortly after starting the T-2 toxin exposure, which is supported by the significantly higher concentration of reduced glutathione and glutathione peroxidase activity in blood plasma at 24 and 48 h, in liver at 12, 24 and 36 h, and in kidney and spleen at 24 h. These results suggest that T-2 toxin, or its metabolites, may be involved in the generation of reactive oxygen substances which causes an increase in lipid peroxidation, and consequently activates the glutathione redox system, namely synthesis of reduced glutathione and glutathione peroxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bócsai
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Cs Pelyhe
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - E Zándoki
- 'MTA-KE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain' Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Kaposvár University, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Zs Ancsin
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - J Szabó-Fodor
- 'MTA-KE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain' Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Kaposvár University, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - M Erdélyi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - M Mézes
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - K Balogh
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary
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87
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Sarwar T, Zafaryab M, Husain MA, Ishqi HM, Rehman SU, Rizvi MMA, Tabish M. Redox cycling of endogenous copper by ferulic acid leads to cellular DNA breakage and consequent cell death: A putative cancer chemotherapy mechanism. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 289:251-61. [PMID: 26415834 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ferulic acid (FA) is a plant polyphenol showing diverse therapeutic effects against cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. FA is a known antioxidant at lower concentrations, however at higher concentrations or in the presence of metal ions such as copper, it may act as a pro-oxidant. It has been reported that copper levels are significantly raised in different malignancies. Cancer cells are under increased oxidative stress as compared to normal cells. Certain therapeutic substances like polyphenols can further increase this oxidative stress and kill cancer cells without affecting the proliferation of normal cells. Through various in vitro experiments we have shown that the pro-oxidant properties of FA are enhanced in the presence of copper. Comet assay demonstrated the ability of FA to cause oxidative DNA breakage in human peripheral lymphocytes which was ameliorated by specific copper-chelating agent such as neocuproine and scavengers of ROS. This suggested the mobilization of endogenous copper in ROS generation and consequent DNA damage. These results were further validated through cytotoxicity experiments involving different cell lines. Thus, we conclude that such a pro-oxidant mechanism involving endogenous copper better explains the anticancer activities of FA. This would be an alternate non-enzymatic, and copper-mediated pathway for the cytotoxic activities of FA where it can selectively target cancer cells with elevated levels of copper and ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarique Sarwar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, A.M. University, Aligarh, UP 202002, India
| | - Md Zafaryab
- Genome Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Central University, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mohammed Amir Husain
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, A.M. University, Aligarh, UP 202002, India
| | - Hassan Mubarak Ishqi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, A.M. University, Aligarh, UP 202002, India
| | - Sayeed Ur Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, A.M. University, Aligarh, UP 202002, India
| | - M Moshahid Alam Rizvi
- Genome Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Central University, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mohammad Tabish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, A.M. University, Aligarh, UP 202002, India.
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88
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Developmental exposure to T-2 toxin reversibly affects postnatal hippocampal neurogenesis and reduces neural stem cells and progenitor cells in mice. Arch Toxicol 2015; 90:2009-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1588-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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89
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Toxic effects of HT-2 toxin on mouse oocytes and its possible mechanisms. Arch Toxicol 2015; 90:1495-505. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1560-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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90
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Garcia SM, Marinho LSR, Lunardelli PA, Seneda MM, Meirelles FV. Developmental block and programmed cell death in Bos indicus embryos: effects of protein supplementation source and developmental kinetics. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119463. [PMID: 25760989 PMCID: PMC4356560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to determine if the protein source of the medium influences zebu embryo development and if developmental kinetics, developmental block and programmed cell death are related. The culture medium was supplemented with either fetal calf serum or bovine serum albumin. The embryos were classified as Fast (n = 1,235) or Slow (n = 485) based on the time required to reach the fourth cell cycle (48 h and 90 h post insemination - hpi -, respectively). The Slow group was further separated into two groups: those presenting exactly 4 cells at 48 hpi (Slow/4 cells) and those that reached the fourth cell cycle at 90 hpi (Slow). Blastocyst quality, DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial membrane potential and signs of apoptosis or necrosis were evaluated. The Slow group had higher incidence of developmental block than the Fast group. The embryos supplemented with fetal calf serum had lower quality. DNA fragmentation and mitochondrial membrane potential were absent in embryos at 48 hpi but present at 90 hpi. Early signs of apoptosis were more frequent in the Slow and Slow/4 cell groups than in the Fast group. We concluded that fetal calf serum reduces blastocyst development and quality, but the mechanism appears to be independent of DNA fragmentation. The apoptotic cells detected at 48 hpi reveal a possible mechanism of programmed cell death activation prior to genome activation. The apoptotic cells observed in the slow-developing embryos suggested a relationship between programmed cell death and embryonic developmental kinetics in zebu in vitro-produced embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Merlo Garcia
- São Paulo University (USP), Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Paula Alvares Lunardelli
- State University of Londrina (UEL), Laboratório de Reprodução Animal, DCV, CCA, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Marcondes Seneda
- State University of Londrina (UEL), Laboratório de Reprodução Animal, DCV, CCA, Londrina, PR, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Flávio Vieira Meirelles
- São Paulo University (USP), Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
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91
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Chaudhary M, Bhaskar ASB, Rao PVL. Differential effects of route of T-2 toxin exposure on hepatic oxidative damage in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2015; 30:64-73. [PMID: 23929680 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
T-2 toxin is the most toxic among mycotoxins and poses a potential health hazard for both humans and animals. At high doses, T-2 toxin can cause shock-like syndrome that can result in death. We evaluated the effect of time course and route of exposure on hepatic oxidative damage in mice and it is only such study so far to compare the effects of dermal and subcutaneous exposure of T-2 toxin. Mice were exposed to 1 LD50 of T-2 toxin either by percutaneous (5.94 mg/kg body weight) or subcutaneous (1.54 mg/kg body weight) route and sacrificed at 0, 1, 3, and 7 days postexposure. Analysis of a number of serum biochemical variables, antioxidant enzymes activity, gene and protein expression by immunoblot assay showed time and route dependent effects of T-2 induced hepatic oxidative damage. Time dependent increase in protein carbonyl content and protein oxidation was seen in serum and liver. Results of our study may provide possible mechanism for developing medical countermeasures against T-2 toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjari Chaudhary
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, 474002, India
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92
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Capcarova M, Petruska P, Zbynovska K, Kolesarova A, Sirotkin AV. Changes in antioxidant status of porcine ovarian granulosa cells after quercetin and T-2 toxin treatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2015; 50:201-206. [PMID: 25602153 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2015.982425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and total antioxidant status (TAS) in porcine ovarian granulosa cells after quercetin and T-2 toxin exposure in vitro. Porcine ovarian granulosa cells were incubated with quercetin and T-2 toxin separately or in mutual combination at the doses of 1 ng/mL, 10 ng/mL, 100 ng/mL, and the control group without any additions for 24 h. In this study T-2 toxin developed stress reaction in porcine ovarian granulosa cells and increased generation of ROS. Quercetin had no effect in elimination of ROS generation induced by T-2 toxin, but was effective in maintaining and increasing of TAS, activities of SOD and GPx in porcine granulosa cells in vitro. These results contribute towards the understanding of cellular stress and its response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Capcarova
- a Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra , Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Department of Animal Physiology , Nitra, Slovak Republic
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93
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Effects of Long-term Feeding of Graded Levels of T-2 Toxin-contaminated Diets on Performance, Some Lipid Peroxide and Glutathione Redox Status Parameters of Broiler Chickens. J Poult Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0140147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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94
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Somoskői B, Kovács M, Cseh S. Effects of T-2 mycotoxin on in vitro development and chromatin status of mouse embryos in preimplantation stages. Toxicol Ind Health 2014; 32:1260-5. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233714555394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
T-2 toxin is a mycotoxin produced by phytopathogenic fungi of the Fusarium genus and has many well-studied deleterious effects on mammalian cells and reproductive tract. Despite the wide scale studies, the effects on preimplantation stage embryos are lacking. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of T-2 on the cleavage stage of mouse embryos with regard to development to blastocysts and nuclear chromatin status. Six-weeks-old BDF1 female mice were superovulated and placed together overnight with mature males. Zygotes were flushed 20 h after human chorionic gonadotropin injection and divided randomly into treated (supplemented with 0.5, 0.75, and 1 ng/ml T-2) and nontreated (control) groups. Embryos were cultured in vitro for 96 h. Developmental stage was evaluated in the 72nd- and 96th-h for assessment of development dynamics. At the end of culture period, blastocysts from treated and control groups with normal morphology were selected for nuclear chromatin analysis. Blastocysts were categorized (grade A, B, and C) depending on the proportion of blasomeres with micronuclei and/or lobulated nuclei. Our data show significant decrease in the proportions of blastocysts in the 0.75 and 1 ng/ml toxin-supplemented groups compared with the control group. Blastocyst rate did not differ in embryos treated with 0.5 ng/ml T-2 but 24 h delay was found in blastocoel formation in all the treated groups. Only grade A (21.1%) and B (78.9%) blastocysts were found in low-toxin-contaminated group similar to the control ones (50–50%). Grade C embryos appeared in the 0.75 ng/ml (10%) treated group and the rate increased significantly (33.3%) in the highest contaminated group. T-2 mycotoxin has a harmful effect on early embryo development which results in decreased blastocyst proportion, delayed blastulation, and increased rate of chromatin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence Somoskői
- Department and Clinic of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Melinda Kovács
- MTA-KE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Kaposvár University, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Sándor Cseh
- Department and Clinic of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
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95
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Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in testicular cells of male wistar rat. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 175:825-40. [PMID: 25344432 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1299-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Serious concerns have been expressed about potential risks of engineered nanoparticles. Regulatory health risk assessment of such particles has become mandatory for the safe use in consumer products and medicines; also, the potential effects on reproduction and fertility are relevant for this risk evaluation. In the present study, we examined the effects of intravenously injected titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs; 21 nm), with special emphasis on reproductive system. Antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase showed a significant decrease, while significant increase in lipid peroxidase was observed. Our results confirmed the bioaccumulation of TiO2-NPs in testicular cells. In TiO2-NPs-treated animals, various functional and pathological disorders, such as reduced sperm count, increase in caspase-3 (a biomarker of apoptosis), creatine kinase activity, DNA damage, and cell apoptosis were observed. Moreover, the testosterone activity was decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner in the animals treated with TiO2-NPs as compared with control group animals. It is concluded that TiO2-NPs induce oxidative stress, which produce cytotoxic and genotoxic changes in sperms which may affect the fertilizing potential of spermatozoa.
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96
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Yang L, Zhao Z, Deng Y, Zhou Z, Hou J. Toxicity induced by F. poae-contaminated feed and the protective effect of Montmorillonite supplementation in broilers. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 74:120-30. [PMID: 25296281 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The T-2 and HT-2 toxins, the main metabolites of Fusarium poae, induce toxicity in broilers and accumulate in tissues. Consequently, during the breeding process of broilers, diets are frequently supplemented with physical adsorbents to protect birds against the toxicity induced by mycotoxins. In the present research, T-2 and HT-2 were produced in maize inoculated with F. poae. Mont, the strongest adsorbent based on in vitro adsorption ratios, was added to the contaminated diet. One-day-old chickens were randomly and equally divided into the following four groups: control diet group, Mont supplemented diet group, contaminated diet group and detoxification diet group. The experiment lasted for 42 days. Compared to the control group, the contaminated group showed significant decrease in body weight, feed intake and TP (P < 0.05), and marked increase in FCR, ALP, AST and ALT activity, T-2/HT-2 residues in the tissues and the relative expressions of apoptosis-related mRNAs (P < 0.05). Mont supplementation provided protection for the treated broilers in terms of performance, blood biochemistry, hepatic function, T-2/HT-2 residue of tissues and apoptosis. Therefore, Mont may be suitable as a detoxification agent for T-2/HT-2 in feed for broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingchen Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Wei-Gang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Wei-Gang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yifeng Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Wei-Gang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhenlei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Wei-Gang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiafa Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Wei-Gang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China.
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97
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Janeesh PA, Abraham A. Robinin modulates doxorubicin-induced cardiac apoptosis by TGF-β1 signaling pathway in Sprague Dawley rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2014; 68:989-98. [PMID: 25443416 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The study focussed on the cardioprotective effect of robinin on doxorubicin-induced cardio-toxicity in Sprague Dawley rats. After the experimental period, animals were sacrificed and the various parameters such as cardiac markers, toxicity parameters, antioxidant status, ROS generation, lipid peroxidation status and inflammatory parameters were assessed. Gene expression study by RT-PCR analysis and proteins expression study by western blotting were done. Doxorubicin causes significant increase in the levels of cardiac marker enzymes, namely lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phospokinase (CPK), toxicity parameters like serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT). Antioxidant enzyme levels were decreased; lipid peroxidation products in heart tissue and inflammatory markers, namely cyclooxygenase (COX2) and lipooxygenase (LOX15) were significantly increased. Gene expression study by RT-PCR analysis of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Smad2, murine double minute (Mdm2), Smad3, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A), Smad4 and Smad7 were significantly altered. The western blotting study of p53, Bcl-2 and Bax also showed altered expression. The supplementation of the Robinin along with DOX caused normalised level of all the above parameters and cardio-toxicity. This study revealed the cardioprotective nature of Robinin on doxorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity by modulating TGF-β1 signaling pathway in Sprague Dawley rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Janeesh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life sciences, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kariavattom Campus, 695 581, Kerala, India
| | - A Abraham
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life sciences, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kariavattom Campus, 695 581, Kerala, India.
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98
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Involvement of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway in T-2 Toxin-Induced Cell Cycle Alteration and Apoptosis in Human Neuroblastoma Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:1379-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8816-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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99
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Mahdavian E, Marshall M, Martin PM, Cagle P, Salvatore BA, Quick QA. Caspase-dependent signaling underlies glioblastoma cell death in response to the fungal metabolite, fusarochromanone. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:880-5. [PMID: 25016928 PMCID: PMC4121350 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal metabolites continue to show promise as a viable class of anticancer agents. In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of the fungal metabolite, fusarochromanone (FC101), for its antitumor activities in glioblastomas, which have a median survival of less than two years and a poor clinical response to surgical resection, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Using clinically applicable doses, we demonstrated that FC101 induced glioblastoma apoptotic cell death via caspase dependent signaling, as indicated by the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, glioblastoma (PARP). FC101 also induced differential reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in glioblastoma cells, contrasting a defined role of oxidative stress in apoptotic cell death observed with other fungal metabolites. Furthermore, the antitumorigenic effects of FC101 on tumor cell migration were assessed. Cell migration assays revealed that FC101 significantly reduced the migratory capacity of glioblastomas, which are incredibly invasive tumors. Taken together, the present study establishes FC101 as a candidate anticancer agent for the cooperative treatment of glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Mahdavian
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, LSU-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71115, USA
| | - Monique Marshall
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
| | - Patrick M Martin
- Department of Biology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Patrice Cagle
- Department of Biology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Brian A Salvatore
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, LSU-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71115, USA
| | - Quincy A Quick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
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100
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Wu QH, Wang X, Yang W, Nüssler AK, Xiong LY, Kuča K, Dohnal V, Zhang XJ, Yuan ZH. Oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxicity and metabolism of T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol in animals and humans: an update. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:1309-26. [PMID: 24894432 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1280-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Trichothecenes are a large family of structurally related toxins mainly produced by Fusarium genus. Among the trichothecenes, T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol (DON) cause the most concern due to their wide distribution and highly toxic nature. Trichothecenes are known for their inhibitory effect on eukaryotic protein synthesis, and oxidative stress is one of their most important underlying toxic mechanisms. They are able to generate free radicals, including reactive oxygen species, which induce lipid peroxidation leading to changes in membrane integrity, cellular redox signaling, and in the antioxidant status of the cells. The mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathway is induced by oxidative stress, which also induces caspase-mediated cellular apoptosis pathways. Several new metabolites and novel metabolic pathways of T-2 toxin have been discovered very recently. In human cell lines, HT-2 and neosolaniol (NEO) are the major metabolites of T-2 toxin. Hydroxylation on C-7 and C-9 are two novel metabolic pathways of T-2 toxin in rats. The metabolizing enzymes CYP3A22, CYP3A29, and CYP3A46 in pigs, as well as the enzymes CYP1A5 and CYP3A37 in chickens, are able to catalyze T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin to form the C-3'-OH metabolites. Similarly to carboxylesterase, CYP3A29 possesses the hydrolytic ability in pigs to convert T-2 toxin to NEO. T-2 toxin is able to down- or upregulate cytochrome P-450 enzymes in different species. The metabolism of DON in humans is region-dependent. Free DON and DON-glucuronide are considered to be the biomarkers for humans. The masked mycotoxin DON-3-β-D-glucoside can be hydrolyzed to free DON in the body. This review will provide useful information on the progress of oxidative stress as well as on the metabolism and the metabolizing enzymes of T-2 toxin and DON. Moreover, the literature will throw light on the blind spots of metabolism and toxicological studies in trichothecenes that have to be explored in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, People's Republic of China,
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