51
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Wang H, Ülgen M, Trajkovski M. Importance of temperature on immuno-metabolic regulation and cancer progression. FEBS J 2024; 291:832-845. [PMID: 36152006 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies emerge as promising strategies for restricting tumour growth. The tumour microenvironment (TME) has a major impact on the anti-tumour immune response and on the efficacy of the immunotherapies. Recent studies have linked changes in the ambient temperature with particular immuno-metabolic reprogramming and anti-cancer immune response in laboratory animals. Here, we describe the energetic balance of the organism during change in temperature, and link this to the immune alterations that could be of relevance for cancer, as well as for other human diseases. We highlight the contribution of the gut microbiota in modifying this interaction. We describe the overall metabolic response and underlying mechanisms of tumourigenesis in mouse models at varying ambient temperatures and shed light on their potential importance in developing therapeutics against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Wang
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, Diabetes Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Melis Ülgen
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, Diabetes Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mirko Trajkovski
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, Diabetes Center, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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52
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Liu Y, Yan Q, Zeng Z, Fan C, Xiong W. Advances and prospects of mRNA vaccines in cancer immunotherapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189068. [PMID: 38171406 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines, designed to activate the body's own immune system to fight against tumors, are a current trend in cancer treatment and receiving increasing attention. Cancer vaccines mainly include oncolytic virus vaccine, cell vaccine, peptide vaccine and nucleic acid vaccine. Over the course of decades of research, oncolytic virus vaccine T-VEC, cellular vaccine sipuleucel-T, various peptide vaccines, and DNA vaccine against HPV positive cervical cancer have brought encouraging results for cancer therapy, but are losing momentum in development due to their respective shortcomings. In contrast, the advantages of mRNA vaccines such as high safety, ease of production, and unmatched efficacy are on full display. In addition, advances in technology such as pseudouridine modification have cracked down the bottleneck for developing mRNA vaccines including instability, innate immunogenicity, and low efficiency of in vivo delivery. Several cancer mRNA vaccines have achieved promising results in clinical trials, and their usage in conjunction with other immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has further boosted the efficiency of anti-tumor immune response. We expect a rapid development of mRNA vaccines for cancer immunotherapy in the near future. This review provides a brief overview of the current status of mRNA vaccines, highlights the action mechanism of cancer mRNA vaccines, their recent advances in clinical trials, and prospects for their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qijia Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chunmei Fan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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53
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Hu M, Fan JX, He ZY, Zeng J. The regulatory role of autophagy between TAMs and tumor cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3984. [PMID: 38494666 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Cancer has become a global public health problem and its harmful effects have received widespread attention. Conventional treatments such as surgical resection, radiotherapy and other techniques are applicable to clinical practice, but new drugs are constantly being developed and other therapeutic approaches, such as immunotherapy are being applied. In addition to studying the effects on individual tumor cells, it is important to explore the role of tumor microenvironment on tumor cell development since tumor cells do not exist alone but in the tumor microenvironment. In the tumor microenvironment, tumor cells are interconnected with other stromal cells and influence each other, among which tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most numerous immune cells. At the same time, it was found that cancer cells have different levels of autophagy from normal cells. In cancer therapy, the occurrence of autophagy plays an important role in promoting tumor cell death or inhibiting tumor cell death, and is closely related to the environment. Therefore, elucidating the regulatory role of autophagy between TAMs and tumor cells may be an important breakthrough, providing new perspectives for further research on antitumor immune mechanisms and improving the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Jiao-Xiu Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Zi-Yue He
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
- Animal Biology Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China
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54
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Wang Z, Shang J, Qiu Y, Cheng H, Tao M, Xie E, Pei X, Li W, Zhang L, Wu A, Li G. Suppression of the METTL3-m 6A-integrin β1 axis by extracellular acidification impairs T cell infiltration and antitumor activity. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113796. [PMID: 38367240 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The acidic metabolic byproducts within the tumor microenvironment (TME) hinder T cell effector functions. However, their effects on T cell infiltration remain largely unexplored. Leveraging the comprehensive The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset, we pinpoint 16 genes that correlate with extracellular acidification and establish a metric known as the "tumor acidity (TuAci) score" for individual patients. We consistently observe a negative association between the TuAci score and T lymphocyte score (T score) across various human cancer types. Mechanistically, extracellular acidification significantly impedes T cell motility by suppressing podosome formation. This phenomenon can be attributed to the reduced expression of methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) and the modification of RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A), resulting in a subsequent decrease in the expression of integrin β1 (ITGB1). Importantly, enforced ITGB1 expression leads to enhanced T cell infiltration and improved antitumor activity. Our study suggests that modulating METTL3 activity or boosting ITGB1 expression could augment T cell infiltration within the acidic TME, thereby improving the efficacy of cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, and CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jingzhe Shang
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, and CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yajing Qiu
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, and CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hongcheng Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, and CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Mengyuan Tao
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, and CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ermei Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, and CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xin Pei
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, and CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, and CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lianjun Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, and CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Aiping Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, and CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Guideng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, and CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Beudeker BJB, Guha R, Stoyanova K, IJzermans JNM, de Man RA, Sprengers D, Boonstra A. Cryptogenic non-cirrhotic HCC: Clinical, prognostic and immunologic aspects of an emerging HCC etiology. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4302. [PMID: 38383695 PMCID: PMC10881579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52884-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in non-cirrhotic livers is rising significantly, but clear risk factors for screening remain elusive. This study sought to characterize non-cirrhotic HCC etiologies. HCC cases from 2009 to 2020 in a Dutch referral center were examined, revealing 371 out of 1654 cases (22%) as non-cirrhotic. Notably, the incidence of non-cirrhotic HCC increased by 61% in the time frame between 2009 and 2020. Interestingly 39% of non-cirrhotic HCC cases had cryptogenic origins. Cryptogenic non-cirrhotic HCC exhibited similarities with non-cirrhotic NAFLD HCC, but displayed advanced tumor stages, lower surgical rates, and a more frequent presence of symptoms, which substantiated in poor survival rates. Advanced cryptogenic non-cirrhotic HCC stages exhibited elevated serum interleukin-6 levels compared to non-cirrhotic HCC with defined etiologies. Comparative analysis encompassing cryptogenic and NAFLD non-cirrhotic HCC cohorts and controls unveiled comparable circulating immune biomarker profiles and PNPLA3 polymorphisms. To conclude, the primary etiology of non-cirrhotic HCC in our cohort has not defined risk factors. This cryptogenic variant exhibits distinct traits, such as advanced tumors and increased symptoms, and most resemble burned-out NAFLD. Understanding this HCC variant is crucial for improving screening and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris J B Beudeker
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rael Guha
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kalina Stoyanova
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan N M IJzermans
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, Postbus 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert A de Man
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dave Sprengers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andre Boonstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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56
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Gutova M, Hibbard JC, Ma E, Natri HM, Adhikarla V, Chimge NO, Qiu R, Nguyen C, Melendez E, Aguilar B, Starr R, Yin H, Rockne RC, Ono M, Banovich NE, Yuan YC, Brown CE, Kahn M. Targeting Wnt signaling for improved glioma immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1342625. [PMID: 38449858 PMCID: PMC10915090 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1342625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite aggressive standard-of-care therapy, including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, glioblastoma recurrence is almost inevitable and uniformly lethal. Activation of glioma-intrinsic Wnt/β-catenin signaling is associated with a poor prognosis and the proliferation of glioma stem-like cells, leading to malignant transformation and tumor progression. Impressive results in a subset of cancers have been obtained using immunotherapies including anti-CTLA4, anti-PD-1, and anti-PD-L1 or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies. However, the heterogeneity of tumors, low mutational burden, single antigen targeting, and associated antigen escape contribute to non-responsiveness and potential tumor recurrence despite these therapeutic efforts. In the current study, we determined the effects of the small molecule, highly specific Wnt/CBP (CREB Binding Protein)/β-catenin antagonist ICG-001, on glioma tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME)-including its effect on immune cell infiltration, blood vessel decompression, and metabolic changes. Methods Using multiple glioma patient-derived xenografts cell lines and murine tumors (GL261, K-Luc), we demonstrated in vitro cytostatic effects and a switch from proliferation to differentiation after treatment with ICG-001. Results In these glioma cell lines, we further demonstrated that ICG-001 downregulated the CBP/β-catenin target gene Survivin/BIRC5-a hallmark of Wnt/CBP/β-catenin inhibition. We found that in a syngeneic mouse model of glioma (K-luc), ICG-001 treatment enhanced tumor infiltration by CD3+ and CD8+ cells with increased expression of the vascular endothelial marker CD31 (PECAM-1). We also observed differential gene expression and induced immune cell infiltration in tumors pretreated with ICG-001 and then treated with CAR T cells as compared with single treatment groups or when ICG-001 treatment was administered after CAR T cell therapy. Discussion We conclude that specific Wnt/CBP/β-catenin antagonism results in pleotropic changes in the glioma TME, including glioma stem cell differentiation, modulation of the stroma, and immune cell activation and recruitment, thereby suggesting a possible role for enhancing immunotherapy in glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Gutova
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan C. Hibbard
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell transplantation (T cell Therapeutic Research Laboratories), City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Eric Ma
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell transplantation (T cell Therapeutic Research Laboratories), City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Heini M. Natri
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Vikram Adhikarla
- Division of Mathematical Oncology, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Nyam-Osor Chimge
- Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Runxiang Qiu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Cu Nguyen
- Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Melendez
- Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Brenda Aguilar
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell transplantation (T cell Therapeutic Research Laboratories), City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Renate Starr
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell transplantation (T cell Therapeutic Research Laboratories), City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Holly Yin
- Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Russel C. Rockne
- Division of Mathematical Oncology, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Yate-Ching Yuan
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Christine E. Brown
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell transplantation (T cell Therapeutic Research Laboratories), City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Michael Kahn
- Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, United States
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57
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Mason M, Lapuente-Santana Ó, Halkola AS, Wang W, Mall R, Xiao X, Kaufman J, Fu J, Pfeil J, Banerjee J, Chung V, Chang H, Chasalow SD, Lin HY, Chai R, Yu T, Finotello F, Mirtti T, Mäyränpää MI, Bao J, Verschuren EW, Ahmed EI, Ceccarelli M, Miller LD, Monaco G, Hendrickx WRL, Sherif S, Yang L, Tang M, Gu SS, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zeng Z, Das Sahu A, Liu Y, Yang W, Bedognetti D, Tang J, Eduati F, Laajala TD, Geese WJ, Guinney J, Szustakowski JD, Vincent BG, Carbone DP. A community challenge to predict clinical outcomes after immune checkpoint blockade in non-small cell lung cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:190. [PMID: 38383458 PMCID: PMC10880244 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04705-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Predictive biomarkers of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) efficacy are currently lacking for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we describe the results from the Anti-PD-1 Response Prediction DREAM Challenge, a crowdsourced initiative that enabled the assessment of predictive models by using data from two randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) of ICIs in first-line metastatic NSCLC. METHODS Participants developed and trained models using public resources. These were evaluated with data from the CheckMate 026 trial (NCT02041533), according to the model-to-data paradigm to maintain patient confidentiality. The generalizability of the models with the best predictive performance was assessed using data from the CheckMate 227 trial (NCT02477826). Both trials were phase III RCTs with a chemotherapy control arm, which supported the differentiation between predictive and prognostic models. Isolated model containers were evaluated using a bespoke strategy that considered the challenges of handling transcriptome data from clinical trials. RESULTS A total of 59 teams participated, with 417 models submitted. Multiple predictive models, as opposed to a prognostic model, were generated for predicting overall survival, progression-free survival, and progressive disease status with ICIs. Variables within the models submitted by participants included tumor mutational burden (TMB), programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, and gene-expression-based signatures. The best-performing models showed improved predictive power over reference variables, including TMB or PD-L1. CONCLUSIONS This DREAM Challenge is the first successful attempt to use protected phase III clinical data for a crowdsourced effort towards generating predictive models for ICI clinical outcomes and could serve as a blueprint for similar efforts in other tumor types and disease states, setting a benchmark for future studies aiming to identify biomarkers predictive of ICI efficacy. TRIAL REGISTRATION CheckMate 026; NCT02041533, registered January 22, 2014. CheckMate 227; NCT02477826, registered June 23, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Mason
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Óscar Lapuente-Santana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anni S Halkola
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Wenyu Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Program in Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raghvendra Mall
- Qatar Computing Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, P.O. Box 38105, Memphis, TN, USA
- Biotechnology Research Center, Technology Innovation Institute, P.O. Box 9639, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Xu Xiao
- School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jacob Kaufman
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jingxin Fu
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Han Chang
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Francesca Finotello
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Digital Science Center (DiSC), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tuomas Mirtti
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN-Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mikko I Mäyränpää
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jie Bao
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Program in Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emmy W Verschuren
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eiman I Ahmed
- Human Immunology Department, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Michele Ceccarelli
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (DIETI), University of Naples "Federico II", 80125, Naples, Italy
- BIOGEM Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Via Camporeale, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Lance D Miller
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Gianni Monaco
- BIOGEM Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Via Camporeale, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Wouter R L Hendrickx
- Human Immunology Department, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shimaa Sherif
- Human Immunology Department, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lin Yang
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ming Tang
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Yi Zhang
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zexian Zeng
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Yang Liu
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Davide Bedognetti
- Human Immunology Department, Sidra Medicine, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Jing Tang
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Program in Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Federica Eduati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Teemu D Laajala
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN-Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
- FICAN West Cancer Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pharmacology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | - Benjamin G Vincent
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David P Carbone
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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58
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Skubleny D, Spratlin J, Ghosh S, Greiner R, Schiller DE, Rayat GR. Individual Survival Distributions Generated by Multi-Task Logistic Regression Yield a New Perspective on Molecular and Clinical Prognostic Factors in Gastric Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:786. [PMID: 38398176 PMCID: PMC10887062 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of gastric cancer biology have prompted a shift towards more personalized therapy. However, results are based on population-based survival analyses, which evaluate the average survival effects of entire treatment groups or single prognostic variables. This study uses a personalized survival modelling approach called individual survival distributions (ISDs) with the multi-task logistic regression (MTLR) model to provide novel insight into personalized survival in gastric adenocarcinoma. We performed a pooled analysis using 1043 patients from a previously characterized database annotated with molecular subtypes from the Cancer Genome Atlas, Asian Cancer Research Group, and tumour microenvironment (TME) score. The MTLR model achieved a 5-fold cross-validated concordance index of 72.1 ± 3.3%. This model found that the TME score and chemotherapy had similar survival effects over the entire study time. The TME score provided the greatest survival benefit beyond a 5-year follow-up. Stage III and Stage IV disease contributed the greatest negative effect on survival. The MTLR model weights were significantly correlated with the Cox model coefficients (Pearson coefficient = 0.86, p < 0.0001). We illustrate how ISDs can accurately predict the survival time for each patient, which is especially relevant in cases of molecular subtype heterogeneity. This study provides evidence that the TME score is principally associated with long-term survival in gastric adenocarcinoma. Additional external validation and investigation into the clinical utility of this ISD model in gastric cancer is an area of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Skubleny
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (D.E.S.); (G.R.R.)
| | - Jennifer Spratlin
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (J.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Sunita Ghosh
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (J.S.); (S.G.)
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Faculty of Science, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Russell Greiner
- Department of Computing Science, Faculty of Science, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
- Alberta Machine Intelligence Institute, Edmonton, AB T5J 3B1, Canada
| | - Daniel E. Schiller
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (D.E.S.); (G.R.R.)
| | - Gina R. Rayat
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (D.E.S.); (G.R.R.)
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Deng J, Lai G, Zhang C, Li K, Zhu W, Xie B, Zhong X. A robust primary liver cancer subtype related to prognosis and drug response based on a multiple combined classifying strategy. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25570. [PMID: 38352751 PMCID: PMC10861988 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The recurrence or resistance to treatment of primary liver cancer (PLL) is significantly related to the heterogeneity present within the tumor. In this study, we integrated prognosis risk score, mRNAsi index, and immune characteristics clustering to classify patients. The four subtypes obtained from the combined classification are associated with PLC's prognosis and drug response. In these subtypes, we observed mRNAsiH_ICCA subtype, the intersection between high mRNAsi and immune characteristics clustering A, had the worst prognosis. Specifically, immune characteristics clustering B (ICC_B) had high drug sensitivity in most drugs regardless of the value of mRNAsi. On the other hand, patients with low mRNAsi responded better to ten drugs including KU-55933 and NU7441, while patients with high mRNAsi might benefit from drugs like Leflunomide. By matching the specific characteristics of each combined subtype with the drug-induced cell line expression profile, we identified a group of potential therapeutic drugs that might regulate the expression of disease signature genes. We developed a feasible multiple combined typing strategy, hoping to guide therapeutic selection and promote the development of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jielian Deng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Medical Department, Yidu Cloud (Beijing) Technology Co., Beijing, China
| | - Guichuan Lai
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kangjie Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenyan Zhu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Medical Department, Yidu Cloud (Beijing) Technology Co., Beijing, China
| | - Biao Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoni Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Zhou W, Yeerkenbieke G, Zhang Y, Zhou M, Li J. Guanylate binding protein 4 shapes an inflamed tumor microenvironment and identifies immuno-hot tumors. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:90. [PMID: 38347243 PMCID: PMC10861698 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05605-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Guanylate binding protein 4 (GBP4) is induced by interferons and various cytokines and has been recognized as functionally relevant in numerous types of human cancers. While the role of GBP4 in cancer has been preliminarily summarized, its correlation with antitumor immunity remains unclear and requires further research. METHODS First, a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis was conducted, focusing on GBP4's expression patterns and immunological functions. Subsequently, we explored the correlations between GBP4 and immunological features within the tumor microenvironment (TME) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Additionally, we examined the relationships between GBP4 and emerging immunobiomarkers, such as N6-methyladenosine (m6A) genes. Moreover, we assessed the utility of GBP4 in predicting the clinical characteristics and treatment responses of patients with NSCLC. RESULTS Pan-cancer analysis revealed that GBP4 plays a positive role in most cancer types via the majority of immunomodulators. Furthermore, GBP4 demonstrated positive associations with immunomodulatory factors, tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) and inhibitory immune checkpoints. Remarkably, the expression of GBP4 was found to be a predictor of significantly enhanced responsiveness to anti-EGFR therapy and immunotherapy. CONCLUSIONS GBP4 expression profiles offer a promising avenue for identifying highly immunogenic tumors across a wide spectrum of cancers. GBP4 holds potential as a robust pan-cancer biomarker for assessing the immunological characteristics of tumors, with particular relevance to its ability to predict therapeutic responses, notably in the context of anti-EGFR therapy and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijian Zhou
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200123, China
| | - Gaoshaer Yeerkenbieke
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200123, China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200123, China
- Department of VIP Clinic, School of Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200123, China
| | - Mingwang Zhou
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200123, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200123, China.
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Deng M, Tang F, Chang X, Liu P, Ji X, Hao M, Wang Y, Yang R, Ma Q, Zhang Y, Miao J. Immunotherapy for Ovarian Cancer: Disappointing or Promising? Mol Pharm 2024; 21:454-466. [PMID: 38232985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer, one of the deadliest malignancies, lacks effective treatment, despite advancements in surgical techniques and chemotherapy. Thus, new therapeutic approaches are imperative to improving treatment outcomes. Immunotherapy, which has demonstrated considerable success in managing various cancers, has already found its place in clinical practice. This review aims to provide an overview of ovarian tumor immunotherapy, including its basics, key strategies, and clinical research data supporting its potential. In particular, this discussion highlights promising strategies such as checkpoint inhibitors, vaccines, and pericyte transfer, both individually and in combination. However, the advancement of new immunotherapies necessitates large controlled randomized trials, which will undoubtedly shape the future of ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Deng
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100006, China
| | - Fan Tang
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100006, China
| | - Xiangyu Chang
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100006, China
| | - Penglin Liu
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100006, China
| | - Xuechao Ji
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100006, China
| | - Menglin Hao
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100006, China
| | - Yixiao Wang
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100006, China
| | - Ruiye Yang
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100006, China
| | - Qingqing Ma
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100006, China
- Nanyuan Hospital of Fengtai District, Beijing 100006, China
| | - Yubo Zhang
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100006, China
- Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Shandong 266011, China
| | - Jinwei Miao
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100006, China
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Zhang W, Liu L, Liu X, Han C, Li Q. The levels of immunosuppressive checkpoint protein PD-L1 and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were integrated to reveal the glioma tumor microenvironment. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:815-829. [PMID: 37792606 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
In spite of significant strides in the realm of cancer biology and therapeutic interventions, the clinical prognosis for patients afflicted with glioblastoma (GBM) remains distressingly dismal. The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), a crucial player in the progression, treatment response, and prognostic trajectory of glioma, warrants thorough exploration. Within this intricate microcosm, the immunosuppressive checkpoint protein PD-L1 and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) emerge as pivotal constituents, underscoring their potential role in deciphering glioma biology and informing treatment strategies. However, prognostic models based on the association between PD-L1 expression and TIL infiltration in the tumor immune microenvironment have not been established. The aim of this study was to explore TIME genes associated with PD-L1 expression and TIL invasion and to construct a risk score for predicting the overall survival (OS) of GBM patients based on these genes. The samples were separately classified according to the PD-L1 expression level and TIL score and TIME-related genes were identified using differential expression and weighted gene co-expression network analysis. The DEGs were subjected to least absolute contraction and selection operator (LASSO) -Cox regression to construct TIME associated risk score (TIMErisk). A TIMErisk was developed based on STEAP3 and CXCL13 genes. The STLEAP3 was demonstrated to be involved in glioma progression. The results showed that the patients in the high TIMErisk group had poor OS compared with subjects in the low TIMErisk group. The biological phenotypes associated with TIMErisk were analyzed in terms of functional enrichment, tumor immune profile, and tumor mutation profile. The results on tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion dysfunction (TIDE) score and immune surface score (IPS) showed that GBM patients with different TIME risks had different responses to immunotherapy. Tumor purity analysis indicated that PD-L1 and TIL scores were positively correlated with TIMErisk score and negatively correlated with tumor purity. These results show that the TIMErisk-based prognostic model had high predictive value for the prognosis and immune characteristics of GBM patients. Immunohistochemical staining images of patients in the high and low TIMErisk groups were analyzed, showing that the degree of immune cell infiltration was higher in the high TIMErisk group relative to the low TIMErisk group. The present study provides a basis for understanding glioma tumor microenvironment and a foundation for conducting comprehensive immunogenomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Cheng Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Wang W, Li T, Xie Z, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Ruan Y, Han B. Integrating single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing data unveils antigen presentation and process-related CAFS and establishes a predictive signature in prostate cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:57. [PMID: 38221616 PMCID: PMC10789066 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04807-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are heterogeneous and can influence the progression of prostate cancer in multiple ways; however, their capacity to present and process antigens in PRAD has not been investigated. In this study, antigen presentation and process-related CAFs (APPCAFs) were identified using bioinformatics, and the clinical implications of APPCAF-related signatures in PRAD were investigated. METHODS SMART technology was used to sequence the transcriptome of primary CAFs isolated from patients undergoing different treatments. Differential expression gene (DEG) screening was conducted. A CD4 + T-cell early activation assay was used to assess the activation degree of CD4 + T cells. The datasets of PRAD were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and the list of 431 antigen presentation and process-related genes was obtained from the InnateDB database. Subsequently, APP-related CAFs were identified by nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) based on a single-cell seq (scRNA) matrix. GSVA functional enrichment analyses were performed to depict the biological functions. A risk signature based on APPCAF-related genes (APPCAFRS) was developed by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis, and the independence of the risk score as a prognostic factor was evaluated by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Furthermore, a biochemical recurrence-free survival (BCRFS)-related nomogram was established, and immune-related characteristics were assessed using the ssGSEA function. The immune treatment response in PRAD was further analyzed by the Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) tool. The expression levels of hub genes in APPCAFRS were verified in cell models. RESULTS There were 134 upregulated and 147 downregulated genes, totaling 281 differentially expressed genes among the primary CAFs. The functions and pathways of 147 downregulated DEGs were significantly enriched in antigen processing and presentation processes, MHC class II protein complex and transport vesicle, MHC class II protein complex binding, and intestinal immune network for IgA production. Androgen withdrawal diminished the activation effect of CAFs on T cells. NMF clustering of CAFs was performed by APPRGs, and pseudotime analysis yielded the antigen presentation and process-related CAF subtype CTSK + MRC2 + CAF-C1. CTSK + MRC2 + CAF-C1 cells exhibited ligand‒receptor connections with epithelial cells and T cells. Additionally, we found a strong association between CTSK + MRC2 + CAF-C1 cells and inflammatory CAFs. Through differential gene expression analysis of the CTSK + MRC2 + CAF-C1 and NoneAPP-CAF-C2 subgroups, 55 significant DEGs were identified, namely, APPCAFRGs. Based on the expression profiles of APPCAFRGs, we divided the TCGA-PRAD cohort into two clusters using NMF consistent cluster analysis, with the genetic coefficient serving as the evaluation index. Four APPCAFRGs, THBS2, DPT, COL5A1, and MARCKS, were used to develop a prognostic signature capable of predicting BCR occurrence in PRAD patients. Subsequently, a nomogram with stability and accuracy in predicting BCR was constructed based on Gleason grade (p = n.s.), PSA (p < 0.001), T stage (p < 0.05), and risk score (p < 0.01). The analysis of immune infiltration showed a positive correlation between the abundance of resting memory CD4 + T cells, M1 macrophages, resting dendritic cells, and the risk score. In addition, the mRNA expression levels of THBS2, DPT, COL5A1, and MARCKS in the cell models were consistent with the results of the bioinformatics analysis. CONCLUSIONS APPCAFRS based on four potential APPCAFRGs was developed, and their interaction with the immune microenvironment may play a crucial role in the progression to castration resistance of PRAD. This novel approach provides valuable insights into the pathogenesis of PRAD and offers unexplored targets for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Wang
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Tiewen Li
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Zhiwen Xie
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yuan Ruan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Bangmin Han
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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Hua Y, Yang S, Zhang Y, Li J, Wang M, Yeerkenbieke P, Liao Q, Liu Q. Modulating ferroptosis sensitivity: environmental and cellular targets within the tumor microenvironment. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:19. [PMID: 38217037 PMCID: PMC10787430 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02925-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a novel form of cell death triggered by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation, presents significant therapeutic potential across diverse cancer types. Central to cellular metabolism, the metabolic pathways associated with ferroptosis are discernible in both cancerous and immune cells. This review begins by delving into the intricate reciprocal regulation of ferroptosis between cancer and immune cells. It subsequently details how factors within the tumor microenvironment (TME) such as nutrient scarcity, hypoxia, and cellular density modulate ferroptosis sensitivity. We conclude by offering a comprehensive examination of distinct immunophenotypes and environmental and metabolic targets geared towards enhancing ferroptosis responsiveness within the TME. In sum, tailoring precise ferroptosis interventions and combination strategies to suit the unique TME of specific cancers may herald improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuze Hua
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1# Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1# Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yalu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1# Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
- Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Division of Life Science and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1# Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Mengyi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1# Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Palashate Yeerkenbieke
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1# Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
- Department of General Surgery, Xinjiang Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture Friendship Hospital, Xinjiang, 835099, China
| | - Quan Liao
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1# Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Qiaofei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 1# Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Yang H, Lei G, Deng Z, Sun F, Tian Y, Cheng J, Yu H, Li C, Bai C, Zhang S, An G, Yang P. An Engineered Influenza a Virus Expressing the Co-Stimulator OX40L as an Oncolytic Agent Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2024; 11:1-13. [PMID: 38223555 PMCID: PMC10787515 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s410703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Oncolytic virus (OV) therapy has emerged as a promising novel form of immunotherapy. Moreover, an increasing number of studies have shown that the therapeutic efficacy of OV can be further improved by arming OVs with immune-stimulating molecules. Methods In this study, we used reverse genetics to produce a novel influenza A virus, termed IAV-OX40L, which contained the immune-stimulating molecule OX40L gene in the influenza virus nonstructural (NS1) protein gene. The oncolytic effect of IAV-OX40L was explored on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Results Hemagglutination titers of the IAV-OX40L virus were stably 27-28 in specific-pathogen-free chicken embryos. The morphology and size distribution of IAV-OX40L are similar to those of the wild-type influenza. Expression of OX40L protein was confirmed by Western blot and immunofluorescence. MTS assays showed that the cytotoxicity of IAV-OX40L was higher in HCC cells (HepG2 and Huh7) than in normal liver cells (MIHA) in a time- and dose-dependent manner in vitro. We found that intratumoral injection of IAV-OX40L reduced tumor growth and increased the survival rate of mice compared with PR8-treated controls in vivo. In addition, the pathological results showed that IAV-OX40L selectively destroyed tumor tissues without harming liver and lung tissues. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of the IAV-OX40L group were significantly increased in the splenic lymphocytes of mice. Further validation confirmed that IAV-OX40L enhanced the immune response mainly by activating Th1-dominant immune cells, releasing interferon-γ and interleukin-2. Conclusion Taken together, our findings demonstrate the novel chimeric influenza OV could provide a potential therapeutic strategy for combating HCC and improve the effectiveness of virotherapy for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Hepatological Surgery, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Surgery, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanglin Lei
- Department of Hepatological Surgery, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoya Deng
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Sun
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Tian
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxia Cheng
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Yu
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Li
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Changqing Bai
- Department of Respiratory, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaogeng Zhang
- Department of Hepatological Surgery, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangwen An
- Department of Pharmacy, No. 984 Hospital of the PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Penghui Yang
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Zhao M, Wang L, Wang X, He J, Yu K, Li D. Non-neoplastic cells as prognostic biomarkers in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: A system review and meta-analysis. TUMORI JOURNAL 2024:3008916231221636. [PMID: 38183180 DOI: 10.1177/03008916231221636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The microenvironment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is composed of various components, including immune cells and immune checkpoints, some of which have been correlated with the prognosis of DLBCL, but their results remain controversial. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the association between the microenvironment and prognosis in DLBCL. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE for relevant articles between 2001 and 2022. Twenty-five studies involving 4495 patients with DLBCL were included in the analysis. This meta-analysis confirmed that high densities of Foxp3+Tregs and PD-1+T cells are good indicators for overall survival (OS) in DLBCL, while high densities of programmed cell death protein ligand1(PD-L1)-positive expression cells and T-cell immunoglobulin-and mucin domain-3-containing molecule 3 (TIM-3)-positive expression tumor-infiltrating cells (TILs) play a contrary role in OS. Additionally, higher numbers of T-cell intracytoplasmic antigen-1(TIA-1)-positive expression T cells imply better OS and progression-free survival (PFS), while high numbers of lymphocyte activation gene(LAG)-positive expression TILs predict bad OS and PFS. Various non-tumoral cells in the microenvironment play important roles in the prognosis of DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Molecular Medicine Diagnostic and Testing Center of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lixing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingyu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan He
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kuai Yu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Molecular Medicine Diagnostic and Testing Center of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pathology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Molecular Medicine Diagnostic and Testing Center of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Ostrowska-Lesko M, Rajtak A, Moreno-Bueno G, Bobinski M. Scientific and clinical relevance of non-cellular tumor microenvironment components in ovarian cancer chemotherapy resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189036. [PMID: 38042260 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) components play a crucial role in cancer cells' resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. This phenomenon is exceptionally fundamental in patients with ovarian cancer (OvCa), whose outcome depends mainly on their response to chemotherapy. Until now, most reports have focused on the role of cellular components of the TME, while less attention has been paid to the stroma and other non-cellular elements of the TME, which may play an essential role in the therapy resistance. Inhibiting these components could help define new therapeutic targets and potentially restore chemosensitivity. The aim of the present article is both to summarize the knowledge about non-cellular components of the TME in the development of OvCa chemoresistance and to suggest targeting of non-cellular elements of the TME as a valuable strategy to overcome chemoresistance and to develop new therapeutic strategies in OvCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ostrowska-Lesko
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lublin, 8b Jaczewskiego Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Alicja Rajtak
- 1st Chair and Department of Oncological Gynecology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Gema Moreno-Bueno
- Biochemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Sols-Morreale' (IIBm-CISC), Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Fundación MD Anderson Internacional (FMDA), Spain.
| | - Marcin Bobinski
- 1st Chair and Department of Oncological Gynecology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.
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Huang J, Xu Z, Chen D, Zhou C, Shen Y. Pancancer analysis reveals the role of disulfidptosis in predicting prognosis, immune infiltration and immunotherapy response in tumors. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36830. [PMID: 38206694 PMCID: PMC10754585 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Disulfidptosis has been reported as a novel cell death process, suggesting a therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Herein, we constructed a multiomics data analysis to reveal the effects of disulfidptosis in tumors. Data for 33 kinds of tumors were downloaded from UCSC Xene, and disulfidptosis-related genes (DRGs) were selected from a previous study. After finishing processing data by the R packages, the expression and coexpression of DRGs in different tumors were assessed as well as copy number variations. The interaction network was drawn by STRING, and the activity of disulfidptosis was compared to the single-sample gene set enrichment analysis algorithm. Subsequently, the differences in DRGs for prognosis and clinicopathological features were evaluated, and the tumor immune microenvironment was assessed by the TIMER and TISCH databases. Tumor mutation burden, stem cell features and microsatellite instability were applied to predict drug resistance, and the expression of checkpoints was identified for the prediction of immunotherapy. Moreover, the TCIA, CellMiner and Enrichr databases were also utilized for selecting potential agents. Ten DRGs were differentially expressed in tumors, and the plots of coexpression and interaction revealed their correlation. Survival analysis suggested SLC7A11 as the most prognosis-related DRG with the most significant results. Additionally, the comparison also reflected the differences in DRGs in the status of pathologic lymph node metastasis for 5 types of tumors. The tumor immune microenvironment showed commonality among tumors based on immune infiltration and single-cell sequencing, and the analysis of tumor mutation burden, stemness and microsatellite instability showed a mostly positive correlation with DRGs. Moreover, referring to the prediction about clinical treatment, most DRGs can enhance sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents but decrease the response to immune inhibitors with increasing expression. In this study, a primarily synthetic landscape of disulfidptosis in tumors was established and provided guidance for further exploration and investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ziqian Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Ningbo First Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dahua Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chongchang Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Centre for Medical Research, Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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69
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Ye Y, Chen NG. miR-146a: Overcoming coldness in ovarian cancer. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 31:100753. [PMID: 38144668 PMCID: PMC10746358 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.100753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Ye
- ViroMissile, Inc., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Wang C, Xu YH, Xu HZ, Li K, Zhang Q, Shi L, Zhao L, Chen X. PD-L1 blockade TAM-dependently potentiates mild photothermal therapy against triple-negative breast cancer. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:476. [PMID: 38082443 PMCID: PMC10712197 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work was an endeavor to shed light on how mild photothermia possibly synergizes with immune checkpoint inhibition for tumor therapy. We established mild photothermal heating protocols to generate temperatures of 43 °C and 45 °C in both in vitro and in vivo mouse 4T1 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) models using polyglycerol-coated carbon nanohorns (CNH-PG) and 808 nm laser irradiation. Next, we found that 1) CNH-PG-mediated mild photothermia (CNH-PG-mPT) significantly increased expression of the immune checkpoint PD-L1 and type-1 macrophage (M1) markers in the TNBC tumors; 2) CNH-PG-mPT had a lower level of anti-tumor efficacy which was markedly potentiated by BMS-1, a PD-L1 blocker. These observations prompted us to explore the synergetic mechanisms of CNH-PG-mPT and BMS-1 in the context of tumor cell-macrophage interactions mediated by PD-L1 since tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a major source of PD-L1 expression in tumors. In vitro, the study then identified two dimensions where BMS-1 potentiated CNH-PG-mPT. First, CNH-PG-mPT induced PD-L1 upregulation in the tumor cells and showed a low level of cytotoxicity which was potentiated by BMS-1. Second, CNH-PG-mPT skewed TAMs towards an M1-like anti-tumor phenotype with upregulated PD-L1, and BMS-1 bolstered the M1-like phenotype. The synergistic effects of BMS-1 and CNH-PG-mPT both on the tumor cells and TAMs were more pronounced when the two cell populations were in co-culture. Further in vivo study confirmed PD-L1 upregulation both in tumor cells and TAMs in the TNBC tumors following treatment of CNH-PG-mPT. Significantly, TAMs depletion largely abolished the anti-TNBC efficacy of CNH-PG-mPT alone and in synergy with BMS-1. Collectively, our findings reveal PD-L1 upregulation to be a key response of TNBC to mild photothermal stress, which plays a pro-survival role in the tumor cells while also acting as a brake on the M1-like activation of the TAMs. Blockade of mPT‑induced PD‑L1 achieves synergistic anti-TNBC efficacy by taking the intrinsic survival edge off the tumor cells on one hand and taking the brakes off the M1-like TAMs on the other. Our findings reveal a novel way (i.e. mild thermia plus PD-L1 blockade) to modulate the TAMs-tumor cell interaction to instigate a mutiny of the TAMs against their host tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No. 185, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Grand Pharma (China) Co., Ltd, Hubei, China
| | - Yong-Hong Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Ophthalmological Research, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Hua-Zhen Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No. 185, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ke Li
- Center for Lab Teaching, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No. 185, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No. 185, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Grand Pharma (China) Co., Ltd, Hubei, China
| | - Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No. 185, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Song Z, Su M, Li X, Xie J, Han F, Yao J. A novel endoplasmic reticulum stress-related lncRNA signature for prognosis prediction and immune response evaluation in Stomach adenocarcinoma. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:432. [PMID: 38066437 PMCID: PMC10709857 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-03001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) is a significant contributor to cancer-related mortality worldwide. Although previous research has identified endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) as a regulator of various tumor-promoting properties of cancer cells, the impact of ERS-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) on STAD prognosis has not yet been investigated. Therefore, our study aims to develop and validate an ERS-related lncRNA signature that can accurately predict the prognosis of STAD patients. METHODS We collected RNA expression profiles and clinical data of STAD patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and identified ERS-related genes from the Molecular Signature Database (MSigDB). Co-expression analysis enabled us to identify ERS-related lncRNAs, and we applied univariate Cox, least absolute shrinkage, and selection operator (LASSO), and multivariate Cox regression analyses to construct a predictive signature comprising of 9 ERS-related lncRNAs. We assessed the prognostic accuracy of our signature using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and validated our predictive signature in an independent gene expression omnibus (GEO) cohort. We also performed tumor mutational burden (TMB) and tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) analyses. Enrichment analysis was used to investigate the functions and biological processes of the signature, and we identified two distinct STAD patient subgroups through consensus clustering. Finally, we performed drug sensitivity analysis and immunologic efficacy analysis to explore further insights. RESULTS The 9 ERS related-lncRNAs signature demonstrated satisfactory predictive performance as an independent prognostic marker and was significantly associated with STAD clinicopathological characteristics. Furthermore, patients in the high-risk group displayed a worse STAD prognosis than those in the low-risk group. Notably, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed significant enrichment of extracellular matrix pathways in the high-risk group, indicating their involvement in STAD progression. Additionally, the high-risk group exhibited significantly lower TMB expression levels than the low-risk group. Consensus clustering revealed two distinct STAD patient subgroups, with Cluster 1 exhibiting higher immune cell infiltration and more active immune functions. Drug sensitivity analysis suggested that the low-risk group was more responsive to oxaliplatin, epirubicinl, and other drugs. CONCLUSION Our study highlights the crucial regulatory roles of ERS-related lncRNAs in STAD, with significant clinical implications. The 9-lncRNA signature we have constructed represents a reliable prognostic indicator that has the potential to inform more personalized treatment decisions for STAD patients. These findings shed new light on the pathogenesis of STAD and its underlying molecular mechanisms, offering opportunities for novel therapeutic strategies to be developed for STAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxiang Song
- Depratment of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengge Su
- Depratment of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Depratment of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinlin Xie
- Depratment of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fei Han
- Depratment of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianning Yao
- Depratment of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Faviana P, Boldrini L, Gronchi L, Galli L, Erba P, Gentile C, Lippolis PV, Marchetti E, Di Stefano I, Sammarco E, Chapman AD, Bardi M. Steroid Hormones as Modulators of Emotional Regulation in Male Urogenital Cancers. Int J Behav Med 2023; 30:836-848. [PMID: 36459332 PMCID: PMC10713796 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-022-10139-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumors develop within an organism operating in a specific social and physical environment. Cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), two of the most abundant steroid hormones in humans, are involved in both emotional regulation and the tumor progression. Several studies reported preclinical findings that DHEA can have preventive and therapeutic efficacy in treating major age-associated diseases, including cancer, although the mechanisms of action are not yet defined. The main aim of current study was to investigate the relationship between psychological and physiological emotional regulation and cancer development. METHOD This study assessed the quality of life of urogenital cancer male patients using several validated tools, including the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General and the Profile of Mood States. Saliva samples were collected to monitor peripheral activity of both cortisol and DHEA. It was hypothesized that patients with a better quality of life would have higher levels of the DHEA/cortisol ratios. RESULTS We found that the quality of life was positively related to DHEA, but not cortisol levels. Negative mood increases were related to lower levels of DHEA. Logistic regression of the predictors of metastases indicated three main independent factors involved: DHEA, age, and cortisol. In other words, the higher the DHEA levels in comparison to cortisol levels, controlling for age, the lower the probability of metastases. CONCLUSION Our results appear to support the hypothesis that emotional dysregulation mediated by DHEA/cortisol activity is a key factor in the probability of metastasis in urogenital cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinuccia Faviana
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 57, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Laura Boldrini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 57, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lisa Gronchi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 57, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Galli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 57, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Erba
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 57, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlo Gentile
- Istituto Europeo Di Oncologia, Via Ripamonti 435, I-20132, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Elio Marchetti
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 57, Pisa, Italy
| | - Iosè Di Stefano
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 57, Pisa, Italy
| | - Enrico Sammarco
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 57, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alex D Chapman
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, VA, 23005, USA
| | - Massimo Bardi
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, VA, 23005, USA
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Ramírez Idarraga JA, Restrepo Múnera LM. Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Their Role in the Tumor Microenvironment. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2023; 29:681-691. [PMID: 37276173 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2023.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been seen for years as great candidates for treating different diseases and an alternative to embryonic stem cells due to their differentiation capacity in vitro. More recent research has focused on their ability to modulate the immune response and regeneration at sites associated with inflammation, activities attributable to the release of trophic factors into the extracellular medium, a set of components known as the secretome. It has been possible to demonstrate the presence of these cells within the tumor microenvironment, which is associated with their tropism for sites of inflammation; however, their role here needs to be clarified. In different investigations, the feasibility of using MSCs or their secretome to treat cancer has been sought, with these results being ambiguous. It has been described that MSCs can be activated and present various phenotypes, which could explain the divergence in their action; however, these activation mechanisms and the different phenotypes still need to be well known. This review explores MSCs and their use in regenerative medicine with a targeted approach to cancer. Impact Statement This text addresses the diverging findings on the role of mesenchymal stem cells in the tumor microenvironment and discrepancies on the use of these cells as cancer treatment, separating the direct use of the cells from the use of the secretome. Multiple authors refer equally to the cells and their secretome to conclude on the positive or negative outcome, without taking into consideration how the cells are affected by their surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhon Alexander Ramírez Idarraga
- Corporación Académica Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas, Universidad de Antioquía, Medellín, Colombia
- Grupo Ingeniería de Tejidos y Terapias Celulares, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Universidad de Antioquía, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Luz Marina Restrepo Múnera
- Grupo Ingeniería de Tejidos y Terapias Celulares, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Universidad de Antioquía, Medellín, Colombia
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Shi L, Yang J, Nie Y, Huang Y, Gu H. Hybrid mRNA Nano Vaccine Potentiates Antigenic Peptide Presentation and Dendritic Cell Maturation for Effective Cancer Vaccine Therapy and Enhances Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301261. [PMID: 37822133 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines combined with immune checkpoint blockades (ICB) represent great potential application, yet the insufficient tumor antigen presentation and immature dendritic cells hinder improved efficacy. Here, a hybrid nano vaccine composed by hyper branched poly(beta-amino ester), modified iron oxide nano adjuvant and messenger RNA (mRNA) encoded with model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) is presented. The nano vaccine outperforms three commercialized reagents loaded with the same mRNA, including Lipofectamine MessengerMax, jetPRIME, and in vivo-jetRNA in promoting dendritic cells' transfection, maturation, and peptide presentation. In an OVA-expressing murine model, intratumoral administration of the nano vaccine significantly induced macrophages and dendritic cells' presenting peptides and expressing co-stimulatory CD86. The nano vaccine also elicited strong antigen-specific splenocyte response and promoted CD8+ T cell infiltration. In combination with ICB, the nano vaccine aroused robust tumor suppression in murine models with large tumor burdens (initial volume >300 mm3 ). The hybrid mRNA vaccine represents a versatile and readily transformable platform and augments response to ICB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Shi
- Nano Biomedical Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jingxing Yang
- Nano Biomedical Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Ying Nie
- Nano Biomedical Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yizhou Huang
- Nano Biomedical Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Hongchen Gu
- Nano Biomedical Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
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Joseph JV, Blaavand MS, Cai H, Vernejoul F, Knopper RW, Lindhardt TB, Skipper KA, Axelgaard E, Reinert L, Mikkelsen JG, Borghammer P, Degn SE, Perouzel E, Hager H, Hansen B, Kalucka JM, Vendelbo M, Paludan SR, Thomsen MK. STING activation counters glioblastoma by vascular alteration and immune surveillance. Cancer Lett 2023; 579:216480. [PMID: 37931834 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor with a median survival of 15 months and has limited treatment options. Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors has shown minimal efficacy in combating GBM, and large clinical trials have failed. New immunotherapy approaches and a deeper understanding of immune surveillance of GBM are needed to advance treatment options for this devastating disease. In this study, we used two preclinical models of GBM: orthotopically delivering either GBM stem cells or employing CRISPR-mediated tumorigenesis by adeno-associated virus, to establish immunologically proficient and non-inflamed tumors, respectively. After tumor development, the innate immune system was activated through long-term STING activation by a pharmacological agonist, which reduced tumor progression and prolonged survival. Recruitment and activation of cytotoxic T-cells were detected in the tumors, and T-cell specificity towards the cancer cells was observed. Interestingly, prolonged STING activation altered the tumor vasculature, inducing hypoxia and activation of VEGFR, as measured by a kinome array and VEGF expression. Combination treatment with anti-PD1 did not provide a synergistic effect, indicating that STING activation alone is sufficient to activate immune surveillance and hinder tumor development through vascular disruption. These results guide future studies to refine innate immune activation as a treatment approach for GBM, in combination with anti-VEGF to impede tumor progression and induce an immunological response against the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin V Joseph
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Huiqiang Cai
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Rasmus W Knopper
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas B Lindhardt
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Esben Axelgaard
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Line Reinert
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Per Borghammer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren E Degn
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Henrik Hager
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Brian Hansen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Mikkel Vendelbo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren R Paludan
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Martin K Thomsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Bravetti G, Falvo P, Talarico G, Orecchioni S, Bertolini F. Metronomic chemotherapy, dampening of immunosuppressive cells, antigen presenting cell activation, and T cells. A quartet against refractoriness and resistance to checkpoint inhibitors. Cancer Lett 2023; 577:216441. [PMID: 37806515 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic agents have profound effects on cancer, stroma and immune cells that - in most cases - depend upon the dosage and schedule of administration. Preclinical and clinical studies summarized and discussed in the present review have demonstrated that maximum tolerable dosage (MTD) vs low-dosage, continuous (metronomic) administration of most chemotherapeutics have polarized effects on immune cells. In particular, metronomic schedules might be associated - among others effects - with activation of antigen presenting cells and generation of new T cell clones to enhance the activity of several types of immunotherapies. Ongoing and planned clinical trials in different types of cancer will confirm or dismiss this hypothesis and provide candidate biomarker data for the selection of patients who are likely to benefit from these combinatorial strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bravetti
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20137, Milan, Italy; Onco-Tech Lab, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS and Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Falvo
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20137, Milan, Italy; Medical University of Vienna, (MUW), Borschkegasse 8A 1090, Wien, Austria
| | - Giovanna Talarico
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20137, Milan, Italy; Onco-Tech Lab, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS and Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Orecchioni
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20137, Milan, Italy; Onco-Tech Lab, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS and Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bertolini
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20137, Milan, Italy; Onco-Tech Lab, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS and Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Wang F, Qi Q, Qin B, Wang Y, Huang Y, Li Q, Shen X, Wang X, Yang S, Pan G, Chen J, Qin Z, Chen X, Yang Y, Zeng Y, Liu J, Li Y, Li Y, Cheng Z, Lin X, Xing F, Zhang Y, Wang G, Li K, Jiang Z, Zhang H. Targeting VCP potentiates immune checkpoint therapy for colorectal cancer. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113318. [PMID: 37865914 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade therapies are still ineffective for most patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Immunogenic cell death (ICD) enables the release of key immunostimulatory signals to drive efficient anti-tumor immunity, which could be used to potentiate the effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Here, we showed that inhibition of valosin-containing protein (VCP) elicits ICD in CRC. Meanwhile, VCP inhibitor upregulates PD-L1 expression and compromises anti-tumor immunity in vivo. Mechanistically, VCP transcriptionally regulates PD-L1 expression in a JAK1-dependent manner. Combining VCP inhibitor with anti-PD1 remodels tumor immune microenvironment and reduces tumor growth in mouse models of CRC. Addition of oncolytic virus further augments the therapeutic activity of the combination regimen. Our study shows the molecular mechanism for regulating PD-L1 expression by VCP and suggests that inhibition of VCP has the potential to increase the efficacy of immunotherapy in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Qi Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Baifu Qin
- Institute of Molecular and Medical Virology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Youwei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China; Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Health Science Center (School of Medicine), Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Shangqi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Guopeng Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Jiahong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zixi Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Xueqin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Yuqing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Yuequan Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Yuqin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Zexiong Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Fan Xing
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Yubo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Guocai Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Kai Li
- Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, China.
| | - Zhenyou Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China; Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Wei J, Yu W, Wu L, Chen Z, Huang G, Hu M, Du H. Intercellular Molecular Crosstalk Networks within Invasive and Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment Subtypes Associated with Clinical Outcomes in Four Cancer Types. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3057. [PMID: 38002057 PMCID: PMC10669098 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity is a critical basis for understanding how the tumor microenvironment (TME) contributes to tumor progression. However, an understanding of the specific characteristics and functions of TME subtypes (subTMEs) in the progression of cancer is required for further investigations into single-cell resolutions. Here, we analyzed single-cell RNA sequencing data of 250 clinical samples with more than 200,000 cells analyzed in each cancer datum. Based on the construction of an intercellular infiltration model and unsupervised clustering analysis, four, three, three, and four subTMEs were revealed in breast, colorectal, esophageal, and pancreatic cancer, respectively. Among the subTMEs, the immune-suppressive subTME (subTME-IS) and matrix remodeling with malignant cells subTME (subTME-MRM) were highly enriched in tumors, whereas the immune cell infiltration subTME (subTME-ICI) and precancerous state of epithelial cells subTME (subTME-PSE) were less in tumors, compared with paracancerous tissues. We detected and compared genes encoding cytokines, chemokines, cytotoxic mediators, PD1, and PD-L1. The results showed that these genes were specifically overexpressed in different cell types, and, compared with normal tissues, they were upregulated in tumor-derived cells. In addition, compared with other subTMEs, the expression levels of PDCD1 and TGFB1 were higher in subTME-IS. The Cox proportional risk regression model was further constructed to identify possible prognostic markers in each subTME across four cancer types. Cell-cell interaction analysis revealed the distinguishing features in molecular pairs among different subTMEs. Notably, ligand-receptor gene pairs, including COL1A1-SDC1, COL6A2-SDC1, COL6A3-SDC1, and COL4A1-ITGA2 between stromal and tumor cells, associated with tumor invasion phenotypes, poor patient prognoses, and tumor advanced progression, were revealed in subTME-MRM. C5AR1-RPS19, LGALS9-HAVCR2, and SPP1-PTGER4 between macrophages and CD8+ T cells, associated with CD8+ T-cell dysfunction, immunosuppressive status, and tumor advanced progression, were revealed in subTME-IS. The spatial co-location information of cellular and molecular interactions was further verified by spatial transcriptome data from colorectal cancer clinical samples. Overall, our study revealed the heterogeneity within the TME, highlighting the potential pro-invasion and pro-immunosuppressive functions and cellular infiltration characteristics of specific subTMEs, and also identified the key cellular and molecular interactions that might be associated with the survival, invasion, immune escape, and classification of cancer patients across four cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hongli Du
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.W.); (W.Y.); (L.W.); (Z.C.); (G.H.); (M.H.)
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79
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Chen L, Lin J, Wen Y, Chen Y, Chen CB. Development and validation of a model based on immunogenic cell death related genes to predict the prognosis and immune response to bladder urothelial carcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1291720. [PMID: 38023241 PMCID: PMC10676223 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1291720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immunogenic cell death (ICD) has been categorized as a variant of regulated cell death that is capable of inducing an adaptive immune response. A growing body of evidence has indicated that ICD can modify the tumor immune microenvironment by releasing danger signals or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), potentially enhancing the efficacy of immunotherapy. Consequently, the identification of biomarkers associated with ICD that can classify patients based on their potential response to ICD immunotherapy would be highly advantageous. Therefore the goal of the study is to better understand and identify what patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) will respond to immunotherapy by analyzing ICD signatures and investigate ICD-related prognostic factors in the context of BLCA. Methods The data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases regarding BLCA and normal samples was categorized based on ICD-related genes (IRGs). Specifically, we conducted an immunohistochemical (IHC) experiment to validate the expression levels of Calreticulin (CALR) in both tumor and adjacent tissues, and evaluated its prognostic significance using the Kaplan-Meier (KM) curve. Subsequently, the samples from TCGA were divided into two subtypes using consensus clustering. To obtain a more comprehensive comprehension of the biological functions, we utilized Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). The calculation of immune landscape between two subtypes was performed through ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT. Risk models were constructed using Cox and Lasso regression and their prognosis predictive ability was evaluated using nomogram, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and calibration curves. Finally, Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) algorithms was utilized to predict the response to immunotherapy. Results A total of 34 IRGs were identified, with most of them exhibiting upregulation in BLCA samples. The expression of CALR was notably higher in BLCA compared to the adjacent tissue, and this increase was associated with an unfavorable prognosis. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with ICD were linked to various immune-related pathways. The ICD-high subtypes exhibited an immune-activated tumor microenvironment (TME) compared to the ICD-low subtypes. Utilizing three IRGs including CALR, IFNB1, and IFNG, a risk model was developed to categorize BLCA patients into high- and low-risk groups. The overall survival (OS) was considerably greater in the low-risk group compared to the high-risk group, as evidenced by both the TCGA and GEO cohorts. The risk score was identified as an independent prognostic parameter (all p < 0.001). Our model demonstrated good predictive ability (The area under the ROC curve (AUC), AUC1-year= 0.632, AUC3-year= 0.637, and AUC5-year =0.653). Ultimately, the lower risk score was associated with a more responsive immunotherapy group. Conclusion The potential of the ICD-based risk signature to function as a marker for evaluating the prognosis and immune landscape in BLCA suggests its usefulness in identifying the suitable population for effective immunotherapy against BLCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhu Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Cancer Bio-immunotherapy Center, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jiexiang Lin
- The Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yaoming Wen
- Drug Development, Fujian Institute of Microbiology, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Cancer Bio-immunotherapy Center, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chuan-ben Chen
- Cancer Bio-immunotherapy Center, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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80
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Wang C, Lu N, Yan L, Li Y. The efficacy and safety assessment of oncolytic virotherapies in the treatment of advanced melanoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Virol J 2023; 20:252. [PMID: 37919738 PMCID: PMC10623758 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02220-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy and safety of oncolytic virotherapies in the treatment of advanced melanoma still remains controversal. It is necessary to conduct quantitative evaluation on the basis of preclinical trial reports. METHODS Publicly available databases (PubMed, Embase, Medline, Web of Science and Cochrane Library.) and register (Clinicaltrials.gov) were searched to collect treatment outcomes of oncolytic virotherapies (including herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV), coxsackievirus A21 (CVA21), adenovirus, poxvirus and reovirus) for advanced/unresectable melanoma. Comparisons of treatment response, adverse events (AEs) and survival analyses for different virotherapies were performed by R software based on the extracted data from eligible studies. RESULTS Finally, thirty-four eligible studies were analysed and HSV virotherapy had the highest average complete response (CR, 24.8%) and HSV had a slightly higher average overall response rate (ORR) than CVA21 (43.8% vs 42.6%). In the pooled results of comparing talimogene laherparepve (T-VEC) with or without GM-CSF/ICIs (immune checkpoint inhibitors) to GM-CSF/ICIs monotherapy suggested virotherapy was more efficient in subgroups CR (RR = 1.80, 95% CI [1.30; 2.51], P < 0.01), ORR (RR = 1.17, 95% CI [1.02; 1.34], P < 0.05), and DCR (RR = 1.27, 95% CI [1.15; 1.40], P < 0.01). In patients treated with T-VEC+ICIs, 2-year overall survival (12.1 ± 6.9 months) and progression-free survival (9.9 ± 6.9) were significantly longer than those treated with T-VEC alone. Furthermore, we found that AEs occurred frequently in virotherapy but decreased in a large cohort of enrolled patients, some of which, such as abdominal distension/pain, injection site pain and pruritus, were found to be positively associated with disease progression in patients treated with T-VEC monotherapy. CONCLUSION Given the relative safety and tolerability of oncolytic viruses, and the lack of reports of dose-limiting-dependent toxicities, more patients treated with T-VEC with or without ICIs should be added to future assessment analyses. There is still a long way to go before it can be used as a first-line therapy for patients with advanced or unresectable melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyuan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), NO.1 Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Nanxiao Lu
- Department of Dermatology, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), NO.1 Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lin Yan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), NO.1 Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Dermatology, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), NO.1 Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong Province, China.
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81
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Chen M, Bie L, Ying J. Cancer cell-intrinsic PD-1: Its role in malignant progression and immunotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115514. [PMID: 37716115 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), also called CD279, is coded by the PDCD1 gene and is constitutively expressed on the surface of immune cells. As a receptor and immune checkpoint, PD-1 can bind to programmed death ligand-1/programmed death ligand-2 (PD-L1/PD-L2) in tumor cells, leading to tumor immune evasion. Anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 are important components in tumor immune therapy. PD-1 is also expressed as an intrinsic variant (iPD-1) in cancer cells where it plays important roles in malignant progression as proposed by recent studies. However, iPD-1 has received much less attention compared to PD-1 expressed on immune cells although there is an unmet medical need for fully elucidating the mechanisms of actions to achieve the best response in tumor immunotherapy. iPD-1 suppresses tumorigenesis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and colon cancer, whereas it promotes tumorigenesis in melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), thyroid cancer (TC), glioblastoma (GBM), and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In this review, we focus on the role of iPD-1 in tumorigenesis and development and its molecular mechanisms. We also deeply discuss nivolumab-based combined therapy in common tumor therapy. iPD-1 may explain the different therapeutic effects of anti-PD-1 treatment and provide critical information for use in combined anti-tumor approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhua Chen
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary & Gastric Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China.
| | - Lei Bie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jieer Ying
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary & Gastric Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China.
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Karpenko DV. Immune Privileges as a Result of Mutual Regulation of Immune and Stem Systems. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:1818-1831. [PMID: 38105201 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923110123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Immune privileges of cancer stem cells is a well-known and widely studied problem, as presence of such cells in tumors is associated with refractoriness, recurrence, and metastasis. Accumulating evidence also suggests presence of immune privileges in non-pathological stem cells in addition to their other defense mechanisms against damaging factors. This similarity between pathological and normal stem cells raises the question of why stem cells have such a potentially dangerous property. Regulation of vital processes of autoimmunity control and regeneration realized through interactions between immune cells, stem cells, and their microenvironment are reviewed in this work as causes of formation of the stem cell immune privilege. Deep mutual integration between regulations of stem and immune cells is noted. Considering diversity and complexity of mutual regulation of stem cells, their microenvironment, and immune system, I suggest the term "stem system".
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy V Karpenko
- Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation of Hematopoiesis, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, 125167, Russia.
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Zappa E, Vitali A, Anders K, Molenaar JJ, Wienke J, Künkele A. Adoptive cell therapy in paediatric extracranial solid tumours: current approaches and future challenges. Eur J Cancer 2023; 194:113347. [PMID: 37832507 PMCID: PMC10695178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2023.113347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has ignited hope to cure paediatric solid tumours that resist traditional therapies. Among the most promising methods is adoptive cell therapy (ACT). Particularly, ACT using T cells equipped with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) has moved into the spotlight in clinical studies. However, the efficacy of ACT is challenged by ACT-intrinsic factors, like lack of activation or T cell exhaustion, as well as immune evasion strategies of paediatric solid tumours, such as their highly immunosuppressive microenvironment. Novel strategies, including ACT using innate-like lymphocytes, innovative cell engineering techniques, and ACT combination therapies, are being developed and will be crucial to overcome these challenges. Here, we discuss the main classes of ACT for the treatment of paediatric extracranial solid tumours, reflect on the available preclinical and clinical evidence supporting promising strategies, and address the challenges that ACT is still facing. Ultimately, we highlight state-of-the-art developments and opportunities for new therapeutic options, which hold great potential for improving outcomes in this challenging patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Zappa
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alice Vitali
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Kathleen Anders
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan J Molenaar
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Judith Wienke
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Annette Künkele
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Chmiel P, Rychcik-Pazyrska P, Stec R. Defining Tumor Microenvironment as a Possible Target for Effective GEP-NENs Immunotherapy-A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5232. [PMID: 37958406 PMCID: PMC10648089 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a heterogenous and recurrent group of malignancies originating from neuroendocrine secretory cells diffused on all parts of the human body. Gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) account for most NENs. Considering the abundance of possible origins, locations, and tumor specifications, there is still no consensus about optimal treatment options for these neoplasms. In light of the escalating immunotherapeutic approaches, it is crucial to define indications for such therapy in GEP-NETs. Bearing in mind the significance of pathophysiological mechanisms and tumor microenvironment (TME) impact on carcinogenesis, defining TME structure and correlation with the immune system in GEP-NETs appears essential. This paper aimed to assess the characterization of the tumor immune microenvironment for a better understanding of the possible therapeutic options in GEP-NETS. The authors performed a systematic review, extracting papers from the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Among 3800 articles identified through database searching, 292 were assessed for eligibility. Ultimately, 28 articles were included in the qualitative synthesis. This paper sums up the research on the immune cell infiltrates, immune checkpoint expression, cytokine profile, neoangiogenesis, and microbiome in the TME of GEP-NETs.
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85
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Koedijk JB, van der Werf I, Penter L, Vermeulen MA, Barneh F, Perzolli A, Meesters-Ensing JI, Fiocco M, de Groot-Kruseman HA, Moeniralam R, Christensen KB, Porter B, Pfaff K, Garcia JS, Rodig SJ, Wu CJ, Hasle H, Nierkens S, Belderbos ME, Zwaan CM, Heidenreich O. A multidimensional analysis reveals distinct immune phenotypes and tertiary lymphoid structure-like aggregates in the bone marrow of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.03.03.23286485. [PMID: 37961528 PMCID: PMC10635226 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.03.23286485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Because of the low mutational burden, children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are thought to have a 'cold' tumor microenvironment and consequently, a low likelihood of response to T cell-directed immunotherapies. Here, we provide a multidimensional overview of the tumor immune microenvironment in newly diagnosed pediatric AML. On a cohort level, we demonstrate wide variation in T cell infiltration with nearly one-third of cases harboring an immune-infiltrated bone marrow. These immune-infiltrated cases are characterized by a decreased abundance of M2-like macrophages, which we find to be associated with response to T cell-directed immunotherapy in adult AML. On an organizational level, we reveal the composition of spatially organized immune aggregates in pediatric AML, and show that in the adult setting such aggregates in post-treatment bone marrow and extramedullary sites associate with response to ipilimumab-based therapy. Altogether, our study provides immune correlates of response to T cell-directed immunotherapies and indicates starting points for further investigations into immunomodulatory mechanisms in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost B. Koedijk
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Erasmus MC/Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inge van der Werf
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, 3521 AL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Livius Penter
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumorimmunology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marijn A. Vermeulen
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Farnaz Barneh
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alicia Perzolli
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Erasmus MC/Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marta Fiocco
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Mathematical Institute, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rubina Moeniralam
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Billie Porter
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen Pfaff
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacqueline S. Garcia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott J. Rodig
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine J. Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Henrik Hasle
- Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Stefan Nierkens
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam E. Belderbos
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C. Michel Zwaan
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Erasmus MC/Sophia Children’s Hospital, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olaf Heidenreich
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
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86
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Chakraborty S, Ye J, Wang H, Sun M, Zhang Y, Sang X, Zhuang Z. Application of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their agonists in cancer vaccines and immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1227833. [PMID: 37936697 PMCID: PMC10626551 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1227833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) expressed in various immune cell types and perform multiple purposes and duties involved in the induction of innate and adaptive immunity. Their capability to propagate immunity makes them attractive targets for the expansion of numerous immunotherapeutic approaches targeting cancer. These immunotherapeutic strategies include using TLR ligands/agonists as monotherapy or combined therapeutic strategies. Several TLR agonists have demonstrated significant efficacy in advanced clinical trials. In recent years, multiple reports established the applicability of TLR agonists as adjuvants to chemotherapeutic drugs, radiation, and immunotherapies, including cancer vaccines. Cancer vaccines are a relatively novel approach in the field of cancer immunotherapy and are currently under extensive evaluation for treating different cancers. In the present review, we tried to deliver an inclusive discussion of the significant TLR agonists and discussed their application and challenges to their incorporation into cancer immunotherapy approaches, particularly highlighting the usage of TLR agonists as functional adjuvants to cancer vaccines. Finally, we present the translational potential of rWTC-MBTA vaccination [irradiated whole tumor cells (rWTC) pulsed with phagocytic agonists Mannan-BAM, TLR ligands, and anti-CD40 agonisticAntibody], an autologous cancer vaccine leveraging membrane-bound Mannan-BAM, and the immune-inducing prowess of TLR agonists as a probable immunotherapy in multiple cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samik Chakraborty
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- NE1 Inc., New York, NY, United States
| | - Juan Ye
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Herui Wang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mitchell Sun
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Xueyu Sang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Zhengping Zhuang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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87
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Liu T, Wei J. Validation of a Novel Cuproptosis-Related Prognostic Gene Marker and Differential Expression Associated with Lung Adenocarcinoma. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8502-8518. [PMID: 37886979 PMCID: PMC10605745 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45100536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cuproptosis induction is seen as a promising alternative for immunotherapies and targeted therapies in breast cancer. The objective of this research was to examine the prognostic and biological importance of cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). METHODS The following methods were used: GSE10072 dataset and TCGA database analysis, differential expression analysis of CRGs, and biological function (BP) and signaling pathway enrichment analysis, prognostic analysis and clinical analysis of CRGs, construction of the prognostic signature and RNA modified genes and miRNA analysis of CRGs in LUAD, immunoinfiltration analysis and immunohistochemical staining of DβH, UBE2D3, SOD1, UBE2D1 and LOXL2. RESULTS AOC1, ATOX1, CCL8, CCS, COX11, CP, LOXL2, MAP2K2, PDK1, SCO2, SOD1, UBE2D1, UBE2D3 and VEGFA showed significantly higher expression, while ATP7B, DβH, PDE3B, SLC31A2, UBE2D2, UBE2D4 and ULK2 showed lower expression in LUAD tissues than normal tissues. We also found that ATP7B (4%), AOC1 (3%) PDE3B (2%), DβH (2%), CP (1%), ULK2 (1%), PDK1 (1%), LOXL2 (1%) and UBE2D3 (1%) showed higher mutation frequencies. The univariate Cox analysis was used to identify CRGs that have prognostic value. It identified 21 genes that showed significant prognostic value, containing DβH, UBE2D3, SOD1, UBE2D1 and LOXL2. Patients with DβH up-expression have a longer survival time and patients with UBE2D3, SOD1, UBE2D1 and LOXL2 down-expression also have a longer survival time. hsa-miR-29c-3p, hsa-miR-29a-3p, hsa-miR-181c-5p, hsa-miR-1245a, etc., play an important role in the miRNA regulatory network, and in LUAD, miR-29a, miR-29c and miR-181c high expression survival was longer, and miR-1245a low expression survival was longer. We also performed an analysis to examine the relationships between DβH, LOXL2, SOD1, UBE2D1 and UBE2D3 and immune infiltration in LUAD, including B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils and DCs. CONCLUSION DβH, UBE2D3, SOD1, UBE2D1, and LOXL2 are potential candidates implicated in LUAD and can be further explored for their application as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jianshe Wei
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China;
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88
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Yao S, Han Y, Yang M, Jin K, Lan H. It's high-time to re-evaluate the value of induced-chemotherapy for reinforcing immunotherapy in colorectal cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1241208. [PMID: 37920463 PMCID: PMC10619163 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1241208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has made significant advances in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), revolutionizing the therapeutic landscape and highlighting the indispensable role of the tumor immune microenvironment. However, some CRCs have shown poor response to immunotherapy, prompting investigation into the underlying reasons. It has been discovered that certain chemotherapeutic agents possess immune-stimulatory properties, including the induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD), the generation and processing of non-mutated neoantigens (NM-neoAgs), and the B cell follicle-driven T cell response. Based on these findings, the concept of inducing chemotherapy has been introduced, and the combination of inducing chemotherapy and immunotherapy has become a standard treatment option for certain cancers. Clinical trials have confirmed the feasibility and safety of this approach in CRC, offering a promising method for improving the efficacy of immunotherapy. Nevertheless, there are still many challenges and difficulties ahead, and further research is required to optimize its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiya Yao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuejun Han
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengxiang Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ketao Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huanrong Lan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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89
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Jiang S, Chai H, Tang Q, Shi Z, Zhou L. Clinical advances in oncolytic virus therapy for malignant glioma: a systematic review. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:183. [PMID: 37845388 PMCID: PMC10579210 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00769-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In the past decade, there has been little progress in the treatment of malignant glioma. Recently, oncolytic virus has made great progress in glioma treatment, and a number of clinical trials have shown their potential of prolonging the survival time of glioma patients. Our objective is to evaluate effectiveness and safety of oncolytic virus (OV) in malignant glioma treatment. METHODOLOGY Based upon PRISMA, we collected relevant published clinical trials by searching medical databases up to January 16, 2023, applying the language restrictions in English and Chinese. We cross-searched the terms: 'glioma', 'glioblastoma', 'oncolytic viruses', 'oncolytic virotherapy' with filter 'clinical trial'. Two researchers independently extracted the data regarding case definitions, published years, trial phase, characteristics of patients, administration of drug, overall survival (OS), and adverse events. RESULTS 19 published clinical trials in OV treatment of malignant glioma were included in the further systematic review analysis. None of them induced irresistible adverse effects attributing to OV treatment, median overall survival varied from 3.25 to 20.2 months after treatments. According to trials providing patient's detailed molecular diagnosis, we find that the effectiveness of OV treatment has no significant difference in patients with different IDH or MGMT status. CONCLUSIONS Current clinical trials have initially shown the potential of oncolytic virotherapy as a new treatment for malignant glioma. Besides development of virus types, the strategy of OV use is an urgent problem to be solved in future clinical application, such as repeated administrations, innovative drug delivery systems, and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Huihui Chai
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Qisheng Tang
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhifeng Shi
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China.
| | - Liangfu Zhou
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
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90
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Li H, Lv Z, Liu M. A five necroptosis-related lncRNA signature predicts the prognosis of bladder cancer and identifies hot or cold tumors. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35196. [PMID: 37832111 PMCID: PMC10578762 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is a leading cause of male cancer-related deaths globally. Immunotherapy is showing promise as a treatment option for BC. Numerous studies suggested that necroptosis and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) were critical players in the development of cancers and interacting with cancer immunity. However, the prognostic value of necroptosis-related lncRNAs and their impact on immunotherapeutic response in patients with BC have yet to be well examined. Thus, this study aims to find new biomarkers for predicting prognosis and determining immune subtypes of BC to select appropriate patients from a heterogeneous population. The clinicopathology and transcriptome information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was downloaded, and coexpression analysis was performed to identify necroptosis-related lncRNAs. Then LASSO regression was employed to construct a prediction signature. The signature performance was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier (K-M) method, Time-dependent receiver operating characteristics (ROC). The functional enrichment, immune infiltration, immune checkpoint activation, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of common drugs in risk groups were compared. The consensus clustering analysis based on lncRNAs associated with necroptosis was made to get 2 clusters to identify hot and cold tumors further. Lastly, the immune response between cold and hot tumors was discussed. In this study, a model containing 5 necroptosis-related lncRNAs was constructed. The risk score distribution of these lncRNAs was compared between low- and high-risk groups in the training, testing, and entire sets. K-M analysis showed that the low-risk patients had significantly better prognosis. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the 1-, 3-, and 5-year ROC curves in the entire sets were 0.690, 0.709, and 0.722, respectively. High-risk patients were enriched in lncRNAs related to tumor immunity and had better immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint activation. Hot tumors and cold tumors were effectively distinguished by clusters 1 and cluster 2, respectively. We developed a necroptosis-related signature based on 5 prognostic lncRNAs, expected to become a new tool for evaluating the prognosis of patients with BC and classifying hot or cold tumors, thus facilitating the development of precision therapy for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengtong Lv
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
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91
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Hao Y, Li R, Min Y. Platinum-Based Twin Drug Modulates Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells to Improve Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy. J Med Chem 2023; 66:13607-13621. [PMID: 37728887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Chemoimmunotherapy is an area of active research and development with a growing body of evidence supporting its potential benefits for the treatment of cancer. However, chemotherapy components of chemoimmunotherapy have several limitations, including systemic toxicity and poor performance in reversing the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Here, we designed a twin drug, MROP, complexed with all-trans retinoic acid and oxaliplatin, and showed that the twin drug significantly enhanced the synergetic therapeutic efficacy with anti-PD-1 in a colorectal cancer mouse model. We demonstrated by mechanistic analyses of tumor tissue that the combination of anti-PD-1 and MROP induced immunogenic cell death and regulated tumor-infiltrating immune cells, including the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages toward type 1, a reduction in myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and a significant increase in the proportion of T cells, particularly CD8+ T cells. This paper provides a promising strategy for cancer treatment and new insight into the mechanism of chemoimmunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Hao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yuanzeng Min
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Anhui Provincial Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Key Lab of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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92
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Chen MT, Li BZ, Zhang EP, Zheng Q. Potential roles of tumor microenvironment in gefitinib-resistant non-small cell lung cancer: A narrative review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35086. [PMID: 37800802 PMCID: PMC10553124 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During the course of treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant, gefitinib resistance (GR) is unavoidable. As the environment for tumor cells to grow and survive, tumor microenvironment (TME) can significantly affect therapeutic response and clinical outcomes, offering new opportunities for addressing GR. Dynamic changes within the TME were identified during the treatment of gefitinib, suggesting the close relationship between TME and GR. Various dynamic processes like angiogenesis, hypoxia-pathway activation, and immune evasion can be blocked so as to synergistically enhance the therapeutic effects of gefitinib or reverse GR. Besides, cellular components like macrophages can be reprogrammed for the same purpose. In this review, we summarized recently proposed therapeutic targets to provide an overview of the potential roles of TME in treating gefitinib-resistant NSCLC, and discussed the difficulty of applying these targets in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Tong Chen
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Luohu Hospital Group), Shenzhen, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Bai-Zhi Li
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Luohu Hospital Group), Shenzhen, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - En-Pu Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Luohu Hospital Group), Shenzhen, China
| | - Qing Zheng
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Luohu Hospital Group), Shenzhen, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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93
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Faisal SM, Castro MG, Lowenstein PR. Combined cytotoxic and immune-stimulatory gene therapy using Ad-TK and Ad-Flt3L: Translational developments from rodents to glioma patients. Mol Ther 2023; 31:2839-2860. [PMID: 37574780 PMCID: PMC10556227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most prevalent and devastating primary malignant brain tumors in adults. Despite substantial advances in understanding glioma biology, there have been no regulatory drug approvals in the US since bevacizumab in 2009 and tumor treating fields in 2011. Recent phase III clinical trials have failed to meet their prespecified therapeutic primary endpoints, highlighting the need for novel therapies. The poor prognosis of glioma patients, resistance to chemo-radiotherapy, and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment underscore the need for the development of novel therapies. Gene therapy-based immunotherapeutic strategies that couple the ability of the host immune system to specifically kill glioma cells and develop immunological memory have shown remarkable progress. Two adenoviral vectors expressing Ad-HSV1-TK/GCV and Ad-Flt3L have shown promising preclinical data, leading to FDA approval of a non-randomized, phase I open-label, first in human trial to test safety, cytotoxicity, and immune-stimulatory efficiency in high-grade glioma patients (NCT01811992). This review provides a thorough overview of immune-stimulatory gene therapy highlighting recent advancements, potential drawbacks, future directions, and recommendations for future implementation of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed M Faisal
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA; Rogel Cancer Centre, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA
| | - Maria G Castro
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA; Rogel Cancer Centre, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA
| | - Pedro R Lowenstein
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA; Rogel Cancer Centre, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA.
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Wang Y, Pan J, An F, Chen K, Chen J, Nie H, Zhu Y, Qian Z, Zhan Q. GBP2 is a prognostic biomarker and associated with immunotherapeutic responses in gastric cancer. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:925. [PMID: 37784054 PMCID: PMC10544588 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interferon-induced protein known as guanylate-binding protein 2 (GBP2) has been linked to multiple different cancer types as an oncogenic gene. Although the role of GBP2 in cancer has been preliminarily explored, it is unclear how this protein interacts with tumor immunity in gastric cancer. METHODS The expression, prognostic value, immune-correlations of GBP2 in gastric cancer was explored in multiple public and in-house cohorts. In addition, the pan-cancer analysis was performed to investigate the immunological role of GBP2 based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset, and the predictive value of GBP2 for immunotherapy was also examined in multiple public cohorts. RESULTS GBP2 was highly expressed in tumor tissues and associated with poor prognosis in gastric cancer. In addition, GBP2 was associated with the immune-hot phenotype. To be more specific, GBP2 was positively related to immuno-modulators, tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs), immunotherapy biomarkers, and even well immunotherapeutic response. In addition to gastric cancer, GBP2 was expected to be an indicator of high immunogenicity in most cancer types. Importantly, GBP2 could predict the immunotherapeutic responses in at least four different cancer types, including melanoma, urothelial carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS To sum up, GBP2 expression is a promising pan-cancer biomarker for estimating the immunological characteristics of tumors and may be utilized to detect immuno-hot tumors in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Wang
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, China
| | - Jiadong Pan
- Departments of Gastroenterology, The Third People's Hospital of Kunshan, Suzhou, 215300, China
| | - Fangmei An
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, China
| | - He Nie
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, China
| | - Yanping Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changshu Medicine Examination Institute, Changshu, 215500, China
| | - Zhengtao Qian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changshu Medicine Examination Institute, Changshu, 215500, China.
| | - Qiang Zhan
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, China.
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Liang L, Shang J, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Zhouteng Y, Wen J, Zhao Y, Feng N, Zhao R. Identification and validation of obesity related genes signature based on microenvironment phenotypes in prostate adenocarcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:10168-10192. [PMID: 37788005 PMCID: PMC10599753 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of obesity related genes (ORGs) in the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) treatment of prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) has not yet been proved by research. METHODS We comprehensively evaluated the ORGs patterns in PRAD based on tumor microenvironment (TME) phenotypes and immunotherapy efficacies. Then we constructed a ORGs risk score for prognosis and a ORGs signature for accurate prediction of TME phenotype and immunotherapy efficacy in order to evaluate individual patients. RESULTS Two distinct ORGs patterns were generated. The two ORGs patterns were consistent with inflammatory and non-inflammatory TME phenotypes. ORGs patterns had an important role for predicting immunotherapy efficacies. Next, we constructed a ORGs risk score for predicting each patient's prognosis with high performance in TCGA-PRAD. The ORGs risk score could be well verified in the external cohorts including GSE70769 and GSE21034. Then, we developed a ORGs signature and found it was significantly positively correlated with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in TCGA-PRAD. We found that each patient in the high-risk ORGs signature group represented a non-inflamed TME phenotype on the single cell level. The patients with high ORGs signature had more sensitivity to immunotherapy. And those ORGs were verified. CONCLUSIONS ORGs pattern depicts different TME phenotypes in PRAD. The ORGs risk score and ORGs signature have an important role for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy efficacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghui Liang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University and Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinwei Shang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Nantong University Medical School, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxin Xu
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | | | | | - Yuxin Zhao
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ninghan Feng
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University and Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruizhe Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Xiang J, Liu K, Xu H, Zhao Z, Piao Y, Shao S, Tang J, Shen Y, Zhou Z. Dual Synergistic Tumor-Specific Polymeric Nanoparticles for Efficient Chemo-Immunotherapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301216. [PMID: 37551065 PMCID: PMC10582463 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Chemo-immunotherapy has made significant progress in cancer treatment. However, the cancer cell self-defense mechanisms, including cell cycle checkpoint and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) upregulation, have greatly hindered the therapeutic efficacy. Herein, norcantharidin (NCTD)-platinum (Pt) codelivery nanoparticles (NC-NP) with tumor-sensitive release profiles are designed to overcome the self-defense mechanisms via synergistic chemo-immunotherapy. NC-NP remains stable under normal physiological conditions but quickly releases 1,2-diaminocyclohexane-platinum(II) (DACHPt, a parent drug of oxaliplatin) and NCTD in response to the tumor acidity. NCTD inhibits protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity to relieve cell cycle arrest and downregulates the tumor PD-L1 expression to disrupt the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 interaction, synergistically enhancing Pt-based chemotherapy and immunogenic cell death-induced immunotherapy. As a result, NC-NP exhibits potent synergistic cytotoxicity and promotes T cell recruitment to generate robust antitumor immune responses. The dual synergism exhibits potent antitumor activity against orthotopic 4T1 tumors, providing a promising chemo-immunotherapy paradigm for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Xiang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- ZJU‐Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhou311215China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Hongxia Xu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Zhihao Zhao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Ying Piao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Shiqun Shao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- ZJU‐Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhou311215China
| | - Jianbin Tang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- ZJU‐Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhou311215China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Zhuxian Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
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Malapure SS, Oommen S, Bhushan S, Suresh S, Devaraja K. Association of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio with Clinicopathological Features and Short-Term Outcome in Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Indian J Nucl Med 2023; 38:313-319. [PMID: 38390543 PMCID: PMC10880857 DOI: 10.4103/ijnm.ijnm_35_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose of the Study To assess the association of inflammatory markers with known risk factors and short-term outcome of well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Materials and Methods Well-differentiated nonmetastatic thyroid cancer patients diagnosed and treated between September 2015 and December 2019 at Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, India, were retrieved for the study. Patients' presurgical blood parameters were noted, and neurtrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) were calculated. Clinicopathological details along with tumor markers at baseline and at 6 months' follow-up were tabulated. Patients were categorized as complete disease clearance if their clinical examination was normal, stimulated thyroglobulin (Tg) was <1 ng/ml, Anti-thyroglobulin antibodies <65 IU/L or showing a decreasing trend, and follow-up I-131 whole-body scan was negative. The association of the inflammatory markers with known risk factors and short-term outcomes were compared. Results A total of 272 patients were analyzed in the study. The median NLR in our study cohort was 2.55 (mean = 3.96 with standard deviation [SD] =4.20) and the median LMR was 3.72 (mean = 3.79 with SD = 1.94). The disease clearance rate of our study cohort was 73.9%. The median NLR (2.4 vs. 3.1) and LMR (3.13 vs. 3.93) were significantly different among the patients with complete disease clearance and those with persistent disease (P = 0.008 and P = 0.003, respectively). The known risk factors such as multifocality (P = 0.04), tumor size (P = 0.013), lymph node metastases (P = 0.001), and baseline Tg (P ≤ 0.001) were significantly associated with persistent disease at 6 months. The NLR showed a positive correlation and LMR had a negative correlation with the known risk factors, however, the associations were not statistically significant. Conclusions The NLR and LMR are simple yet potential prognostic tools in well-differentiated thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Suresh Malapure
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sibi Oommen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shivanand Bhushan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sucharitha Suresh
- Department of Community Medicine, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - K. Devaraja
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of ORL-HNS Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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98
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Liu J, He Y, Zhou W, Tang Z, Xiao Z. A glycosylation risk score comprehensively assists the treatment of bladder neoplasm in the real-world cohort, including the tumor microenvironment, molecular and clinical prognosis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1280428. [PMID: 37818187 PMCID: PMC10560734 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1280428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Bladder cancer is a common urological cancer associated high significant morbidity and mortality rates. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment option, although response rates vary among patients. Glycosylation has been implicated in tumorigenesis and immune regulation. However, our current comprehensive understanding of the role of glycosylation in bladder cancer and its clinical implications is limited. Methods: We constructed a training cohort based on the downloaded TCGA-BLCA dataset, while additional datasets (Xiangya cohort, GSE32894, GSE48075, GSE31684, GSE69795 and E-MTAB-1803) from Xiangya hospital, GEO and ArrayExpress database were obtained and used as validation cohorts. To identify glycosylation-related genes associated with prognosis, univariate Cox regression and LASSO regression were performed. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was then constructed to develop a risk score model. The performance of the risk score was assessed in the training cohort using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and ROC curves, and further validated in multiple validation cohorts. Results: We classified patients in the training cohort into two groups based on glycosylation-related gene expression patterns: Cluster 1 and Cluster 2. Prognostic analysis revealed that Cluster 2 had poorer survival outcomes. Cluster 2 also showed higher levels of immune cell presence in the tumor microenvironment and increased activation in key steps of the cancer immune response cycle. We developed an independent prognostic risk score (p < 0.001) and used it to construct an accurate prognostic prediction nomogram. The high glycosylation risk score group exhibited higher tumor immune cell infiltration, enrichment scores in immune therapy-related pathways, and a tendency towards a basal subtype. Conversely, the low-risk score group had minimal immune cell infiltration and tended to have a luminal subtype. These findings were consistent in our real-world Xiangya cohort. Conclusion: This multi-omics glycosylation score based on these genes reliably confirmed the heterogeneity of bladder cancer tumors, predicted the efficacy of immunotherapy and molecular subtypes, optimizing individual treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Liu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunbo He
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weimin Zhou
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuoming Tang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zicheng Xiao
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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99
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Huang L, Zhang J, Wei B, Chen S, Zhu S, Qi W, Pei X, Li L, Liu W, Wang Y, Xu X, Xie LG, Chen L. Small-molecule MHC-II inducers promote immune detection and anti-cancer immunity via editing cancer metabolism. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:1076-1089.e11. [PMID: 37236192 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Lack of MHC-II is emerging as a causal factor in cancer immune evasion, and the development of small-molecule MHC-II inducers is an unmet clinical need. Here, we identified three MHC-II inducers, including pristane and its two superior derivatives, that potently induce MHC-II expression in breast cancer cells and effectively inhibit the development of breast cancer. Our data suggest that MHC-II is central in promoting the immune detection of cancer to increase the tumor infiltration of T cells and enhance anti-cancer immunity. By discovering the malonyl/acetyltransferase (MAT) domain in fatty acid synthase (FASN) as the direct binding target of MHC-II inducers, we demonstrate that evasion of immune detection and cancer metabolic reprogramming are directly linked by fatty acid-mediated MHC-II silencing. Collectively, we identified three MHC-II inducers and illustrated that lack of MHC-II caused by hyper-activated fatty acid synthesis to limit immune detection is a potentially widespread mechanism underlying the development of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Cancer Institute, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Cancer Institute, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Cancer Institute, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuangyang Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sitong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weiguan Qi
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoying Pei
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Cancer Institute, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lulu Li
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Cancer Institute, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weiguang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Cancer Institute, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuzhi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Lan-Gui Xie
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Liming Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Cancer Institute, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Schendel DJ. Evolution by innovation as a driving force to improve TCR-T therapies. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1216829. [PMID: 37810959 PMCID: PMC10552759 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1216829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapies continually evolve through science-based innovation. Specialized innovations for TCR-T therapies are described here that are embedded in an End-to-End Platform for TCR-T Therapy Development which aims to provide solutions for key unmet patient needs by addressing challenges of TCR-T therapy, including selection of target antigens and suitable T cell receptors, generation of TCR-T therapies that provide long term, durable efficacy and safety and development of efficient and scalable production of patient-specific (personalized) TCR-T therapy for solid tumors. Multiple, combinable, innovative technologies are used in a systematic and sequential manner in the development of TCR-T therapies. One group of technologies encompasses product enhancements that enable TCR-T therapies to be safer, more specific and more effective. The second group of technologies addresses development optimization that supports discovery and development processes for TCR-T therapies to be performed more quickly, with higher quality and greater efficiency. Each module incorporates innovations layered onto basic technologies common to the field of immunology. An active approach of "evolution by innovation" supports the overall goal to develop best-in-class TCR-T therapies for treatment of patients with solid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores J. Schendel
- Medigene Immunotherapies GmbH, Planegg, Germany
- Medigene AG, Planegg, Germany
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