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Viretto A, Gontard N, Angellier-Coussy H. Urban parks and gardens green waste: A valuable resource for the production of fillers for biocomposites applications. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 120:538-548. [PMID: 33131999 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Urban parks and gardens green waste constitute a low-cost and highly available lignocellulosic-rich resource, that is currently treated in composting or anaerobic digestion processes. The present work investigated for the first time the potential of using urban green waste as raw resource for the production of lignocellulosic fillers by dry fractionation (combination of sorting and grinding processes). Five fractions of lignocellulosic fillers with controlled composition were produced: a branches-rich fraction, a grasses-rich fraction, a leaves-rich fraction, and two fractions constituted of a mixture of constituents. All the fractions were ground to reach an average median diameter around 100 μm. The reinforcing effect of each fraction was investigated and compared to that of the sample as a whole. Biocomposites based on a poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) as matrix were produced by melt extrusion, with filler contents up to 30 wt%. It was shown that the branches-rich fraction displayed the best reinforcing effect (e.g. stress at break of 37 ± 1 MPa for a filler content of 15 wt%, similar to that of the neat matrix) whereas the grasses-rich fraction slightly degraded the overall mechanical performance (e.g. stress at break of 33.5 ± 1.5 MPa for a filler content of 15 wt%). The dry fractionation and formulation steps could be thus adapted depending on the targeted application, e.g. by choosing to use the whole urban green waste resource, or to remove grasses, or to keep only branches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Viretto
- JRU IATE 1208-CIRAD/INRAE/Montpellier Supagro/University of Montpellier, 2 Place Pierre Viala, Bat 31, CEDEX 01, F-34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie Gontard
- JRU IATE 1208-CIRAD/INRAE/Montpellier Supagro/University of Montpellier, 2 Place Pierre Viala, Bat 31, CEDEX 01, F-34060 Montpellier, France.
| | - Hélène Angellier-Coussy
- JRU IATE 1208-CIRAD/INRAE/Montpellier Supagro/University of Montpellier, 2 Place Pierre Viala, Bat 31, CEDEX 01, F-34060 Montpellier, France.
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52
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Zhang L, Zhang Y, Sha L, Ji X, Chen H, Zhao X. Enhanced electrochemical performance of Si-carbon materials from Larch waste by filtration liquefaction residue process. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.137813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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53
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Nouar Y, Zouaoui F, Nekkaa S, Rouabah F, Fernández-García M, López D, Fois M. Effect of chemical treatment on thermophysical behavior of Spanish broom flour-reinforced polypropylene biocomposite. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2020-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis work presents the chemical modification of Spanish broom flour (SBF), and the study of SBF loading and surface treatment on the performances of polypropylene (PP) biocomposites. In order to enhance the interfacial interactions between the PP matrix and the SBF, two types of chemical treatments were used: 2 wt% of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) for different times (8, 24 and 48 h) and 5 wt% of vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS), respectively. Different techniques for characterization such as the melting flow index (MFI), X-ray diffraction, transient plane source (TPS) and water absorption were used. The experiment results showed a decrease of the MFI with increasing of modified SBF content, independently of the type of the chemical treatment. Moreover, this decrease became significant in the biocomposites containing SBF-VTMS. The X-ray patterns showed that surface treatment of SBF could improve their crystallinity and crystallite sizes. The TPS measurements illustrates that the thermal conductivity of the biocomposites decreases with 10 wt% of modified SBF loading. Higher content than 20 wt% of SBF, improved the thermal conductivity of the biocomposites. Meanwhile, the lowest values were found when the VTMS is used. Besides, it was accompanied by a decrease in absorptivity due to the better interfacial adhesion SBF-PP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacine Nouar
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ferhat Abbas – Sétif 1, 19000, Sétif, Algeria
- Département de Génie des Procédés, Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Hauts Polymères (LPCHP), Faculté de Technologie, Université Ferhat Abbas – Sétif 1, 19000, Sétif, Algeria
| | - Fairouz Zouaoui
- Département de Génie des Procédés, Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Hauts Polymères (LPCHP), Faculté de Technologie, Université Ferhat Abbas – Sétif 1, 19000, Sétif, Algeria
| | - Sorya Nekkaa
- Département de Génie des Procédés, Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Hauts Polymères (LPCHP), Faculté de Technologie, Université Ferhat Abbas – Sétif 1, 19000, Sétif, Algeria
| | - Farid Rouabah
- Département de Génie des Procédés, Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Hauts Polymères (LPCHP), Faculté de Technologie, Université Ferhat Abbas – Sétif 1, 19000, Sétif, Algeria
| | - Marta Fernández-García
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel López
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006Madrid, Spain
| | - Magali Fois
- Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche en Thermique, Environnement et Systèmes (CERTES EA-3481), IUT de Créteil-Vitry, Université Paris Est, 61, Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010Créteil Cedex, France
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54
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A Life Cycle Engineering Perspective on Biocomposites as a Solution for a Sustainable Recovery. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13031160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Composite materials, such as carbon fibre reinforced epoxies, provide more efficient structures than conventional materials through light-weighting, but the associated high energy demand during production can be extremely detrimental to the environment. Biocomposites are an emerging material class with the potential to reduce a product’s through-life environmental impact relative to wholly synthetic composites. As with most materials, there are challenges and opportunities with the adoption of biocomposites at the each stage of the life cycle. Life Cycle Engineering is a readily available tool enabling the qualification of a product’s performance, and environmental and financial impact, which can be incorporated in the conceptual development phase. Designers and engineers are beginning to actively include the environment in their workflow, allowing them to play a significant role in future sustainability strategies. This review will introduce Life Cycle Engineering and outline how the concept can offer support in the Design for the Environment, followed by a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of biocomposites throughout their life cycle.
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55
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Straw/Nano-Additive Hybrids as Functional Fillers for Natural Rubber Biocomposites. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14020321. [PMID: 33435445 PMCID: PMC7826977 DOI: 10.3390/ma14020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Currently, up to 215 million metric tons of harvestable straw are available in Europe, 50% of the crops come from wheat, 25% from barley and 25% from maize. More than half of the production remains undeveloped. The overproduction of straw in the world means that the current methods of its management are insufficient. The article describes the production method and characterization of natural rubber biocomposites containing cereal straw powder modified with functional nano-additives in the form of carbon black, silica and halloysite nanotubes. The use of cereal straw in the elastomer matrix should contribute to obtaining a product with good mechanical properties while ensuring a low cost of the composite. In turn, the application of the mechanical modification process will allow the combination of specific properties of raw materials to obtain new, advanced elastomeric materials. As part of the work, hybrid fillers based on mechanically modified cereal straw were produced. The impact of hybrid fillers on mechanical, rheometric and damping properties was assessed. The flammability and susceptibility of the obtained biocomposites to aging processes were determined. The use of hybrid fillers based on mechanically modified straw allowed us to obtain a higher cross-linking density of vulcanizates (even up to 40% compared to the reference sample), and thus higher values of the rheometric moment during the vulcanization process of rubber mixtures (from approx. 10% (10 phr of filler) up to 50% (30 phr of filler) in relation to the unfilled system) and higher hardness of vulcanizates (by about 30–70%). The curing time of the blends was slightly longer, but the obtained composites were characterized by significantly higher tensile strength. The use of fillers in the elastomer matrix increased the modulus at 100, 200 and 300% and the elongation at break. Moreover, greater resistance of vulcanizates to the combustion process was confirmed.
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56
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Mehanny S, Abu-El Magd EE, Ibrahim M, Farag M, Gil-San-Millan R, Navarro J, El Habbak AEH, El-Kashif E. Extraction and characterization of nanocellulose from three types of palm residues. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 10:526-537. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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57
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Preparation and Characterization of Nonwoven Fibrous Biocomposites for Footwear Components. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12123016. [PMID: 33339454 PMCID: PMC7766918 DOI: 10.3390/polym12123016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromium-tanned leathers used in the manufacture of footwear and leather goods pose an environmental problem because they contain harmful chemicals and are very difficult to recycle. A solution to this problem can be composite materials from tree leaves, fruit residues and other fibrous agricultural products, which can replace chromium-tanned leather. The present study describes the preparation of biocomposite leather-like materials from microbial cellulose and maple leave fibers as bio-fillers. The formulation was optimized by design of experiment and the prepared biocomposites characterized by tensile test, FTIR, DMA, SEM, adhesion test, volume porosity, water absorptivity, surface wettability and shape stability. From the viewpoint of future use in the footwear industry, results obtained showed that the optimized material was considerably flexible with tensile strength of 2.13 ± 0.29 MPa, elastic modulus of 76.93 ± 1.63 MPa and porosity of 1570 ± 146 mL/min. In addition, the material depicted good shape stability and surface adhesive properties. The results indicate that a suitable treatment of biomass offers a way to prepare exploitable nonwoven fibrous composites for the footwear industry without further burdening the environment.
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58
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Li P, He C, Li G, Ding P, Lan M, Gao Z, Jiao Y. Biological pretreatment of corn straw for enhancing degradation efficiency and biogas production. Bioengineered 2020; 11:251-260. [PMID: 32125259 PMCID: PMC7161559 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1733733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to explore the effect of pretreatment on corn straw degradation and biogas production, corn straw was pretreated with mixed microbes and composting at 30°C for 14 days. The characteristics of material were measured and analyzed in the pretreatment process. Then, the pretreated and untreated corn straw was digested by anaerobic fermentation. Gas production and methane content of corn straw were analyzed. The results showed that the biological pretreatment process with mixed microbes could accelerate the degradation rate of straw and increase the degradation efficiency of lignin. The pH value of material was more stable, and the content of organic matter in the material was higher in the pretreatment process of corn straw with mixed microbes. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images showed that the structure of the lignocellulose was changed by mixed microbes, increasing the exposed area of cellulose and hemicellulose, which was beneficial to improve the utilization efficiency of straw. The degradation rates of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin were 44.4%, 34.9% and 39.2%, respectively, after the pretreatment process with mixed microbes. Pretreatment was more helpful to increase the methane content in the anaerobic fermentation process of corn straw pretreated with mixed microbes, and could also shorten the fermentation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Li
- Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Nanomaterials, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chao He
- Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Nanomaterials, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Nanomaterials, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pan Ding
- Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingming Lan
- Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zan Gao
- Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Youzhou Jiao
- Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Nanomaterials, Zhengzhou, China
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59
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Zhang Q, Xu H, Lu W, Zhang D, Ren X, Yu W, Wu J, Zhou L, Han X, Yi W, Lei H. Properties evaluation of biochar/high-density polyethylene composites: Emphasizing the porous structure of biochar by activation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 737:139770. [PMID: 32512307 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Activated biochars (AB-0.5, AB-1, AB-1.5, AB-2) prepared under different concentrations of an activating agent were used to manufacturing composites (ABHC-0.5, ABHC-1, ABHC-1.5, ABHC-2) based on high-density polyethylene (HDPE) by compounding and injection molding. Thermal and mechanical properties of the composites were characterized and analyzed. The addition of activated biochars improved the thermal properties of HDPE shown by Differential scanning calorimetry and Thermogravimetric analysis. Additionally, ABHC-0.5 exhibited the best flexural strength (38.66 MPa), flexural modulus (2.46 GPa), tensile strength (32.17 MPa), tensile modulus (1.95 GPa), rigidity, elasticity, creep resistance, and anti-stress relaxation ability due to the best porous structure of AB-0.5. A decrease of mechanical properties was observed in ABHC-1, ABHC-1.5, ABHC-2 compared to ABHC-0.5, which was due to the fact that the porous structure was damaged by an excessive activating agent. The results of this study provided a predictive insight in view of optimizing process parameters and establishing the meaningful relationship between biochar porous structure and its resulting composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfa Zhang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Clean Energy, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China; Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Hang Xu
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Clean Energy, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Wenyu Lu
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Clean Energy, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Donghong Zhang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Clean Energy, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Xiajin Ren
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Clean Energy, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Wenfan Yu
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Clean Energy, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Juanjuan Wu
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Clean Energy, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Clean Energy, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Xiangsheng Han
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Clean Energy, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Weiming Yi
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Clean Energy, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
| | - Hanwu Lei
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
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60
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Recent trends in the development of biomass-based polymers from renewable resources and their environmental applications. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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61
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Sasimowski E, Majewski Ł, Grochowicz M. Analysis of Selected Properties of Biocomposites Based on Polyethylene with a Natural Origin Filler. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E4182. [PMID: 32962286 PMCID: PMC7560486 DOI: 10.3390/ma13184182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The study investigates the effect of the content and size of wheat bran grains on selected properties of a lignocellulosic biocomposite on a polyethylene matrix. The biocomposite samples were made by injection method of low-density polyethylene with 5%, 10% and 15% by weight of wheat bran. Three bran fractions with grain sizes <0.4 mm, 0.4-0.6 mm and 0.6-0.8 mm were used. The properties of the mouldings (after primary shrinkage) were examined after their 2.5-year natural aging period. Processing properties, such as MFR (mass flow rate) and processing shrinkage, were determined. Selected physical, mechanical and structural properties of the produced biocomposite samples were tested. The results allowed the determination of the influence of both the content of bran and the size of its grains on such properties of the biocomposite as: color, gloss, processing shrinkage, tensile strength, MFR mass flow rate, chemical structure (FTIR), thermal properties (DSC, TG), p-v-T relationship. The tests did not show any deterioration of the mechanical characteristics of the tested composites after natural aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Sasimowski
- Department of Technology and Polymer Processing, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, 36 Nadbystrzycka Street, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Majewski
- Department of Technology and Polymer Processing, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, 36 Nadbystrzycka Street, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Marta Grochowicz
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, 33 Gliniana Street, 20-614 Lublin, Poland;
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62
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Zhu S, Guo Y, Chen Y, Liu S. Low Water Absorption, High-Strength Polyamide 6 Composites Blended with Sustainable Bamboo-Based Biochar. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10071367. [PMID: 32668789 PMCID: PMC7407135 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To promote the application of polyamide 6 (PA6) in wood–plastic composites, the negative effects associated with the thermal degradation of plant fibers must be overcome. In this study, waste bamboo fibers were subjected to pyrolysis and ball milling to afford nano bamboo-based biochar (BC), which was subsequently used as reinforcement to prepare PA6/BC nano composites by injection molding. In addition, the processing fluidity, water absorption, mechanical properties, and interface compatibility of PA6/BC composites were discussed. Results revealed that a BC content of less than 30 wt% is beneficial to improve the processing fluidity of the composites. With the increase in the BC content, the density of the PA6/BC composites gradually increased, while the water absorption of the PA6/BC composites gradually decreased, and the maximum decrease was 46%. Compared to that of pure PA6, the mechanical strength of PA6/BC composites was improved by the addition of BC, and the maximum tensile/flexural strength and modulus of PA6/BC composites increased by 41%/72% and 195%/244%, respectively. However, the impact strength decreased by 27%. After immersion treatment, the dimensional stability and mechanical strength of the composites decreased, while toughness improved. At a BC content of less than 40 wt%, BC particles exhibited good dispersibility and wettability in the PA6 matrix, and the rough surface and rich pore structure of BC rendered strong mechanical interlocking effects and good interface compatibility, thereby enhancing the mechanical properties of the composites.
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63
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David G, Vannini M, Sisti L, Marchese P, Celli A, Gontard N, Angellier-Coussy H. Eco-Conversion of Two Winery Lignocellulosic Wastes into Fillers for Biocomposites: Vine Shoots and Wine Pomaces. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1530. [PMID: 32664324 PMCID: PMC7408111 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two winery residues, namely vine shoots (ViSh) and wine pomace (WiPo), were up-cycled as fillers in PHBV-based biocomposites. Answering a biorefinery approach, the impact of a preliminary polyphenols extraction step using an acetone/water mixture on the reinforcing effect of fillers was assessed. Biocomposites (filler content up to 20 wt%) were prepared by melt-mixing and compared in terms of final performance (thermal, mechanical and barrier). It was shown that the reinforcing effect was slightly better in the case of vine shoots, while it was not significantly affected by the pre-treatment, demonstrating that these two winery residues could be perfectly used as fillers in composite materials even after an extraction process to maximize their potential of valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire David
- JRU IATE 1208–Univ Montpellier, INRAE, 2 Place Pierre Viala, Bat 31, F-34060 Montpellier 01, France; (G.D.); (N.G.)
| | - Micaela Vannini
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (L.S.); (P.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Laura Sisti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (L.S.); (P.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Paola Marchese
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (L.S.); (P.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Annamaria Celli
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (L.S.); (P.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Nathalie Gontard
- JRU IATE 1208–Univ Montpellier, INRAE, 2 Place Pierre Viala, Bat 31, F-34060 Montpellier 01, France; (G.D.); (N.G.)
| | - Hélène Angellier-Coussy
- JRU IATE 1208–Univ Montpellier, INRAE, 2 Place Pierre Viala, Bat 31, F-34060 Montpellier 01, France; (G.D.); (N.G.)
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64
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Effect of NaOH Treatment on the Flexural Modulus of Hemp Core Reinforced Composites and on the Intrinsic Flexural Moduli of the Fibers. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12061428. [PMID: 32604815 PMCID: PMC7362229 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the potential of using hemp core waste in the composite industry. These lignocellulosic residues can be used to produce environmentally friendly and economically viable composites and improve the overall value chain of hemp production. To this purpose, hemp core residues were alkaline treated at different NaOH concentrations and then mechanically defibrated. Hemp core fibers were mixed with polypropylene and injection molded to obtain testing specimens. The effect of sodium hydroxide on the flexural modulus of composites was studied from macro and micro mechanical viewpoints. Results showed remarkable improvements in the flexural modulus due to the presence of hemp core fibers in the composites. At a 50 wt % of reinforcement content, increments around 239%, 250% and 257% were obtained for composites containing fibers treated at a 5, 7.5 and 10 wt % of NaOH, respectively. These results were comparable to those of wood composites, displaying the potential of hemp core residues. The intrinsic flexural modulus of the hemp core fibers was computed by means of micromechanical analysis and was calculated using the ratios between a fiber flexural modulus factor and a fiber tensile modulus factor. The results agreed with those obtained by using models such as Hirsch and Tsai–Pagano. Other micromechanical parameters were studied to fully understand the contribution of the phases. The relationship between the fibers’ intrinsic flexural and Young’s moduli was studied, and the differences between properties were attributed to stress distribution and materials’ anisotropy.
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65
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Vilaseca F, Serra-Parareda F, Espinosa E, Rodríguez A, Mutjé P, Delgado-Aguilar M. Valorization of Hemp Core Residues: Impact of NaOH Treatment on the Flexural Strength of PP Composites and Intrinsic Flexural Strength of Hemp Core Fibers. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060823. [PMID: 32471275 PMCID: PMC7356019 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemp core is a lignocellulosic residue in the production chain of hemp strands. Huge amounts of hemp core are gathered annually in Europe (43,000 tons) with no major application end. Such lignocellulosic wastes have potential as filling or reinforcing material to replace synthetic fibers and wood fibers in polymer composites. In this study, hemp core biomass was treated under different NaOH concentrations and then defibrated by means of Sprout Waldron equipment to obtain single fibers. Polypropylene matrix was reinforced up to 50 wt.% and the resulting hemp core fibers and the flexural properties were investigated. The results show that the flexural strength of composites increased with the intensity of NaOH treatment. The effect of NaOH was attributed to the removal of extractives and lignin in the fiber cell wall leading to improved interfacial adhesion characteristics. Besides, a methodology was established for the estimation of the intrinsic flexural strength of hemp core fibers. The intrinsic flexural strength of hemp core fibers was calculated to be 940 MPa for fibers treated at 10 wt.% of NaOH. In addition, a relationship between the lignin content and the intrinsic strength of the fibers was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Vilaseca
- Advanced Biomaterials and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ferran Serra-Parareda
- LEPAMAP Research Group, University of Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61, 17003 Girona, Spain; (F.S.-P.); (P.M.); (M.D.-A.)
| | - Eduardo Espinosa
- Chemical Engineering Department, Bioagres Group, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Córdoba, Building Marie-Curie, Campus of Rabanales, 14071 Cordoba, Spain;
| | - Alejandro Rodríguez
- Chemical Engineering Department, Bioagres Group, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Córdoba, Building Marie-Curie, Campus of Rabanales, 14071 Cordoba, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-957212274
| | - Pere Mutjé
- LEPAMAP Research Group, University of Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61, 17003 Girona, Spain; (F.S.-P.); (P.M.); (M.D.-A.)
- Chair on Sustainable Industrial Processes, University of Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Marc Delgado-Aguilar
- LEPAMAP Research Group, University of Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61, 17003 Girona, Spain; (F.S.-P.); (P.M.); (M.D.-A.)
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66
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Maraveas C. Production of Sustainable and Biodegradable Polymers from Agricultural Waste. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12051127. [PMID: 32423073 PMCID: PMC7285292 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Agro-wastes are derived from diverse sources including grape pomace, tomato pomace, pineapple, orange, and lemon peels, sugarcane bagasse, rice husks, wheat straw, and palm oil fibers, among other affordable and commonly available materials. The carbon-rich precursors are used in the production bio-based polymers through microbial, biopolymer blending, and chemical methods. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimates that 20–30% of fruits and vegetables are discarded as waste during post-harvest handling. The development of bio-based polymers is essential, considering the scale of global environmental pollution that is directly linked to the production of synthetic plastics such as polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PET). Globally, 400 million tons of synthetic plastics are produced each year, and less than 9% are recycled. The optical, mechanical, and chemical properties such as ultraviolet (UV) absorbance, tensile strength, and water permeability are influenced by the synthetic route. The production of bio-based polymers from renewable sources and microbial synthesis are scalable, facile, and pose a minimal impact on the environment compared to chemical synthesis methods that rely on alkali and acid treatment or co-polymer blending. Despite the development of advanced synthetic methods and the application of biofilms in smart/intelligent food packaging, construction, exclusion nets, and medicine, commercial production is limited by cost, the economics of production, useful life, and biodegradation concerns, and the availability of adequate agro-wastes. New and cost-effective production techniques are critical to facilitate the commercial production of bio-based polymers and the replacement of synthetic polymers.
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67
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Wei Z, Zhang Y, Wang W, Dong S, Jiang T, Wei D. Synthesis of Cost-Effective Pomelo Peel Dimethoxydiphenylsilane-Derived Materials for Pyrene Adsorption: From Surface Properties to Adsorption Mechanisms. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:9465-9476. [PMID: 32363299 PMCID: PMC7191855 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the adsorption behaviors of pyrene (PYR) on a pomelo peel adsorbent (PPA), biochar (PPB), and H3PO4-modified (HPP), NaOH-activated (NPP), and dimethoxydiphenylsilane-treated (DPDMS-NPP) pomelo peel materials. SEM, FTIR, and elemental analyses of DPDMS-NPP's surface structure showed that the material was characterized by a well-developed porous structure, a large specific surface area (698.52 m2 g-1), and an abundance of phenyl functional groups. These properties enhance the PYR adsorption performance of DPDMS-NPP. Experimental results indicated that the adsorption capacity of DPDMS-NPP was significantly affected by the amount of material used and the initial concentration of PYR. Kinetic assessments suggested that PYR adsorption on PPA, NPP, and DPDMS-NPP could be accurately described by the pseudo second-order model. The adsorption process was controlled by several mechanisms, including electron donor-acceptor (EDA), electrostatic, and π-π interactions as well as film and intraparticle diffusion. The adsorption isotherm studies showed that PYR adsorption on DPDMS-NPP and PPA was well described by the Langmuir model and the maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity of DPDMS-NPP was 531.9 μg g-1. Overall, the results presented herein suggested that the use of DPDMS-NPP adsorbents constitutes an economic and environmentally friendly approach for the mitigation of PYR contamination risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwen Wei
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in
Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang’an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China
- School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, P.R. China
| | - Yaoyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in
Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang’an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China
- School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in
Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang’an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China
- School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, P.R. China
- . Phone: +86-29-82339052. Fax: +86-29-82335485
| | - Suiming Dong
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in
Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang’an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China
- School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, P.R. China
| | - Tingbo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in
Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang’an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China
- School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, P.R. China
| | - Donghui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in
Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang’an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China
- School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, P.R. China
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Rocha MCG, Acevedo NIAD, Oliveira CIRD, Sanches MC, Coelho NN. Mercerization effect on the properties of LDPE/PHB composites reinforced with castor cake. POLIMEROS 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-1428.07720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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69
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Ma J, Li T, Liu Y, Cai T, Wei Y, Dong W, Chen H. Rice husk derived double network hydrogel as efficient adsorbent for Pb(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) removal in individual and multicomponent systems. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 290:121793. [PMID: 31323508 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, lignin extracted from rice husk was used to synthesis double network hydrogel adsorbent, named RH-CTS/PAM gel. RH-CTS/PAM gel exhibited macroporous structure and high buried water content, which gave rise to the exceptional adsorption performance. As results, in individual systems, the equilibrium time of Pb(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) with initial concentration of 200 mg/L could be reached within 10 min, with the theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of 374.32, 196.68 and 268.98 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption rate and capacity of Pb(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) in multicomponent systems were lower than that of individual systems. However, in a few cases of ternary system, higher adsorption rate and capacity was observed compare to binary systems. Adsorption mechanism indicated that both oxygen-containing and nitrogen-containing functional groups played a dominant role during the adsorption process, and mainly through chemical interaction along with a small amount of physical interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Ma
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Lushan South Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Lushan South Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Tong Li
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yutang Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Lushan South Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Lushan South Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Tao Cai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Lushan South Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Lushan South Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yuanfeng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Lushan South Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Wanyue Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Lushan South Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Lushan South Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Lushan South Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Lushan South Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410082, PR China
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70
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Accelerated Weathering of Polylactide-Based Composites Filled with Linseed Cake: The Influence of Time and Oil Content within the Filler. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11091495. [PMID: 31547481 PMCID: PMC6780865 DOI: 10.3390/polym11091495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the effects of accelerated weathering on the properties of polylactide (PLA) composites filled with linseed cake. The particle-shaped waste filler with different linseed oil content (0.9–39.8 wt %) was incorporated with constant amount of 10 wt % to a polymeric matrix and subjected to accelerated weathering tests with different exposition times. The structure of the composites, their mechanical, thermal, and thermo-mechanical properties were evaluated by means of scanning electron microscopy, tensile test, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry prior to and after weathering. The results of the measurements were analyzed in reference to the amount of crude oil contained in the filler. The behavior of the multiphase composite during weathering was described. It was found that the oil-rich samples during the first stage of the process showed increased resistance to hydrolytic degradation due to their relatively high crystallinity. The presence of water and elevated temperatures caused swelling of the filler and cracking of the polymeric matrix. Those discontinuities enabled the plasticizing oil to be rinsed out of the composite and thus water penetrated into the samples. As a result, the PLA-based composites containing oil-rich linseed cake were found to be more vulnerable to hydrolytic degradation in a longer time.
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71
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Goliszek M, Podkościelna B, Sevastyanova O, Gawdzik B, Chabros A. The Influence of Lignin Diversity on the Structural and Thermal Properties of Polymeric Microspheres Derived from Lignin, Styrene, and/or Divinylbenzene. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12182847. [PMID: 31487838 PMCID: PMC6766059 DOI: 10.3390/ma12182847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work investigates the impact of lignin origin and structural characteristics, such as molecular weight and functionality, on the properties of corresponding porous biopolymeric microspheres obtained through suspension-emulsion polymerization of lignin with styrene (St) and/or divinylbenzene (DVB). Two types of kraft lignin, which are softwood (Picea abies L.) and hardwood (Eucalyptus grandis), fractionated by common industrial solvents, and related methacrylates, were used in the synthesis. The presence of the appropriate functional groups in the lignins and in the corresponding microspheres were investigated by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR/FT-IR), while the thermal properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The texture of the microspheres was characterized using low-temperature nitrogen adsorption. The swelling studies were performed in typical organic solvents and distilled water. The shapes of the microspheres were confirmed with an optical microscope. The introduction of lignin into a St and/or DVB polymeric system made it possible to obtain highly porous functionalized microspheres that increase their sorption potential. Lignin methacrylates created a polymer network with St and DVB, whereas the unmodified lignin acted mainly as an eco-friendly filler in the pores of St-DVB or DVB microspheres. The incorporation of biopolymer into the microspheres could be a promising alternative to a modification of synthetic materials and a better utilization of lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Goliszek
- Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Polymer Chemistry, M. Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Beata Podkościelna
- Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Polymer Chemistry, M. Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Olena Sevastyanova
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barbara Gawdzik
- Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Polymer Chemistry, M. Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Artur Chabros
- Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Polymer Chemistry, M. Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
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72
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Gil CSB, Boaventura TP, Paula FGF, Castro MCM, Oréfice RL. Direct use of Brazilian banknotes residue for the production of reinforced composites based on low‐density polyethylene. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Silva Brey Gil
- Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Escola de EngenhariaUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Tulio Pacheco Boaventura
- Laboratório de Aquacultura, Escola de VeterináriaUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Lambert Oréfice
- Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Escola de EngenhariaUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
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73
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Li J, Zhang X, Zhang J, Mi Q, Jia F, Wu J, Yu J, Zhang J. Direct and complete utilization of agricultural straw to fabricate all-biomass films with high-strength, high-haze and UV-shielding properties. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 223:115057. [PMID: 31427002 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It is of vital significance to fabricate high-value-added materials from agricultural wastes by environmentally friendly and cost-effective processes. In this work, we propose an approach to directly and completely convert agricultural straw into multifunctional all-biomass films by introducing an entanglement network of additional cellulose to enhance the strength of the regenerated straw. First, natural wheat straw is dissolved in the ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl). Then, a small amount of cellulose with a high degree of polymerization (DP) is introduced to obtain straw/cellulose/AmimCl solutions, which are subsequently soaked in water for biomass regeneration, washed and dried to obtain straw/cellulose films. Dynamic shear rheological test confirms that after adding high-DP cellulose, an enhanced entanglement network forms in the solutions, which is essential to the processing and mechanical properties of materials. Extensional rheological test indicates that straw/cellulose/AmimCl solutions exhibit excellent spinnability and film-forming properties based on a significant increase in the capillary break-up time. Therefore, after regeneration in water, straw-based all-biomass films with high mechanical strength are obtained. When the content of additional wood pulp (WP, DP = 1300) with respect to total solids is 25 wt%, the obtained straw/WP all-biomass film reaches a tensile strength of 62 MPa. More interestingly, because there is no intentional chemical pretreatment and compositional isolation involved in this process, almost all of the components in straw, such as cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose and inorganic compounds, are retained in the final films. Thus, the resultant films have a superhigh haze of 97% while preventing 97% UVA (320-400 nm) and almost 100% UVB (280-320 nm). In sum, we demonstrate the complete and value-added utilization of low-grade bioresources by a facile, green and economical process to fabricate high-strength, high-haze and UV-shielding all-biomass films, which have great potential in low-cost, biodegradable and environmentally friendly packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaocheng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, China; Physical Science Laboratory, Huairou National Comprehensive Science Center, No. 5 Yanqi East Second Street, Beijing, 101400, China.
| | - Qinyong Mi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Fengwei Jia
- Shandong Henglian New Materials Co., Ltd., Weifang, 261061, Shandong, China
| | - Jin Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, China; Physical Science Laboratory, Huairou National Comprehensive Science Center, No. 5 Yanqi East Second Street, Beijing, 101400, China
| | - Jian Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, China; Physical Science Laboratory, Huairou National Comprehensive Science Center, No. 5 Yanqi East Second Street, Beijing, 101400, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Physical Science Laboratory, Huairou National Comprehensive Science Center, No. 5 Yanqi East Second Street, Beijing, 101400, China.
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74
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The influence of pre-treatment of Spartium junceum L. fibres on the structure and mechanical properties of PLA biocomposites. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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75
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Biswas K, Khandelwal V, Maiti SN. Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Teak Wood Flour/Starch Filled High Density Polyethylene Composites. INT POLYM PROC 2019. [DOI: 10.3139/217.3640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Teak wood flour (TWF) reinforced HDPE composites were prepared and characterized in terms of mechanical, morphological and thermal properties using 2% polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride (PE-g-MAH) as compatibilizer. The composites were prepared by twin screw extrusion and samples were prepared by injection molding. Mechanical properties increased with the incorporation of TWF, Starch and PE-g-MAH. Tensile strength and Young's modulus increased by 96% and 207%, respectively for TWF (40%)-HDPE composite as compared to virgin matrix. Scanning electron microscopy revealed good interface between TWF and matrix. FT-IR spectra confirmed the esterification reaction and H-bond between anhydride group of PE-g-MAH and cellulose of TWF. The DSC results showed that the melting temperature increased from 129°C to 137°C while crystallization (%) decreased from 40.49% for HDPE to 34.77% for 40% TWF composites, respectively. The storage modulus increased for all the composites at low temperature. Glass transition temperature practically remained unaffected by filler loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Biswas
- Taghleef Industries S.A.O.C. , Sohar Industrial Area, Oman,
| | - V. Khandelwal
- Department of Polymer & Process Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, SRE Campus, Saharanpur , India
| | - S. N. Maiti
- Centre for Polymer Science and Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi , India
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76
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Li R, Huang H, Wang JJ, Liang W, Gao P, Zhang Z, Xiao R, Zhou B, Zhang X. Conversion of Cu(II)-polluted biomass into an environmentally benign Cu nanoparticles-embedded biochar composite and its potential use on cyanobacteria inhibition. JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION 2019; 216:25-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
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77
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Thermal, Mechanical, Viscoelastic and Morphological Properties of Poly(lactic acid) based Biocomposites with Potato Pulp Powder Treated with Waxes. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12060990. [PMID: 30917495 PMCID: PMC6471222 DOI: 10.3390/ma12060990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The thermal, mechanical and viscoelastic properties of biocomposites of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with 20 wt.% of potato pulp powder were investigated. The potato pulp powder utilized is a byproduct from the production and extraction of starch. The results showed that the potato pulp powder does not act as reinforcement, but as filler for PLA, due to an unfavorable aspect ratio and the irregular shape of the particles. In order to improve the mechanical response of the PLA/potato pulp powder biocomposites, surface treatment of the potato pulp particles with bio-based and petroleum-based waxes was investigated. This treatment was found to improve the properties of the biocomposites, enhancing the adhesion between the PLA based polymeric matrix and the potato pulp fibers. The best result is obtained with a petroleum-based wax, but also the bio-based waxes lead to good mechanical properties of the biocomposite. Thus, the addition to PLA of potato pulp powder, treated with waxes, appears a method able to (i) utilize and valorize an abundant agro-food biomass such as potato pulp, according to the principles of circular economy, (ii) favor the production of articles with properties valuable for practical applications, and (iii) reduce the cost of the final products, considering the relatively high cost of PLA.
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78
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Zhao Y, Tagami A, Dobele G, Lindström ME, Sevastyanova O. The Impact of Lignin Structural Diversity on Performance of Cellulose Nanofiber (CNF)-Starch Composite Films. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11030538. [PMID: 30960522 PMCID: PMC6473382 DOI: 10.3390/polym11030538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignin fractions having different molecular weights and varied chemical structures isolated from kraft lignins of both softwood and hardwood via a sequential solvent fractionation technique were incorporated into a tunicate cellulose nanofibers (CNF)—starch mixture to prepare 100% bio-based composite films. The aim was to investigate the impact of lignin structural diversity on film performance. It was confirmed that lignin’s distribution in the films was dependent on the polarity of solvents used for fractionation (acetone > methanol > ethanol > ethyl acetate) and influenced the optical properties of the films. The –OH group content and molecular weight of lignin were positively related to film density. In general, the addition of lignin fractions led to decrease in thermal stability and increase in Young’s modulus of the composite films. The modulus of the films was found to decrease as the molecular weight of lignin increased, and a higher amount of carboxyl and phenolic –OH groups in the lignin fraction resulted in films with higher stiffness. The thermal analysis showed higher char content formation for lignin-containing films in a nitrogen atmosphere with increased molecular weight. In an oxygen atmosphere, the phenol content, saturated side chains and short chain structures of lignin had impacts on the maximum decomposition temperature of the films, confirming the relationship between the chemical structure of lignin and thermo-oxidative stability of the corresponding film. This study addresses the importance of lignin diversities on composite film performance, which could be helpful for tailoring lignin’s applications in bio-based materials based on their specific characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Zhao
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ayumu Tagami
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Research Laboratory, Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd., 5-21-1 Oji, Kita-ku, Tokyo 114-0002, Japan.
| | - Galina Dobele
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, 27 Dzerbenes Str., LV 1006 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Mikael E Lindström
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Olena Sevastyanova
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
- WWSC, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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79
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Banitalebi G, Mosaddeghi MR, Shariatmadari H. Feasibility of agricultural residues and their biochars for plant growing media: Physical and hydraulic properties. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 87:577-589. [PMID: 31109558 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to examine feasibility of using some agricultural residues and their biochars as substitutes for commercial horticultural growing media as cocopeat, sand, perlite, zeolite, pumice, vermiculite and rockwool. Biochars of wheat straw, sawdust, rice hull, sugarcane bagasse and date palm bunches were produced at 300 and 500 °C. Following substrate properties were determined: easily available water (EAW) defined by the difference between water contents (θ) at absolute matric potentials (h) of 10 and 50 hPa (EAW = θ10 - θ50), air after irrigation (AIR = θ0 - θ10), water holding capacity (WHC = θ10), water buffering capacity (WBC = θ50 - θ100), saturated water content (θs), bulk density (BD), total porosity (TP), water drop penetration time (WDPT), pH and electrical conductivity (EC). A classification system was developed to evaluate the substrates as horticultural growing media. Higher pyrolysis temperature produced biochars with higher pH, EC, TP, θs, WHC, EAW, and WBC and lower biochar yield, AIR, BD and WDPT. Sugarcane bagasse biochars had higher θs, TP and WBC and lower BD than other biochars. Comparison among organic residues and inorganic substrates showed that highest TP, θs and EAW were observed in rockwool, whereas, among organic residues, maximum values of these properties were achieved for sugarcane bagasse, wheat straw and sawdust, respectively. Considering pH, EC, BD, TP, EAW, AIR, WBC and WDPT, wheat straw and sawdust were classified as very good substrates similar to cocopeat and rockwool. Other organic residues were placed in good class. Wheat straw and date palm bunches biochars produced at 500 °C and sugarcane bagasse and rice hull biochars were good growing media and can be suitable candidates for amendments or replacements of commercial growing media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golnoosh Banitalebi
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mosaddeghi
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Hossein Shariatmadari
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
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80
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Anggono J, Farkas ÁE, Bartos A, Móczó J, Antoni, Purwaningsih H, Pukánszky B. Deformation and failure of sugarcane bagasse reinforced PP. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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81
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Righetti MC, Cinelli P, Mallegni N, Stäbler A, Lazzeri A. Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Biocomposites Made of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co-3-hydroxyvalerate) and Potato Pulp Powder. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11020308. [PMID: 30960292 PMCID: PMC6419162 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermal and mechanical properties of biocomposites of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) containing 5 wt % of valerate units, with 20 wt % of potato pulp powder were investigated in order (i) to obtain information on possible miscibility/compatibility between the biopolymers and the potato pulp, and (ii) to quantify how the addition of this filler modifies the properties of the polymeric material. The potato pulp powder utilized is a residue of processing for the production and extraction of starch. The final aim of this study is the preparation of PHBV based materials with reduced cost, thanks to biomass valorization, in agreement with the circular economy policy, as result of the incorporation of agricultural organic waste. The results showed that the potato pulp powder does not act as reinforcement, but rather as filler for the PHBV polymeric matrix. A moderate loss in mechanical properties is detected (decrease in elastic modulus, tensile strength and elongation at break), which regardless still meets the technical requirements indicated for rigid packaging production. In order to improve the mechanical response of the PHBV/potato pulp powder biocomposites, surface treatment of the potato pulp powder with bio-based and petroleum-based waxes was investigated. Good enhancement of the mechanical properties was achieved with the natural carnauba and bee waxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Righetti
- CNR-IPCF, National Research Council-Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- CNR-IPCF, National Research Council-Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Norma Mallegni
- CNR-IPCF, National Research Council-Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Andreas Stäbler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Straße, 35, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- CNR-IPCF, National Research Council-Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
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82
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Righetti MC, Cinelli P, Mallegni N, Massa CA, Bronco S, Stäbler A, Lazzeri A. Thermal, Mechanical, and Rheological Properties of Biocomposites Made of Poly(lactic acid) and Potato Pulp Powder. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030675. [PMID: 30764483 PMCID: PMC6387128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties of biocomposites of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with potato pulp powder were investigated in order to (1) quantify how the addition of this filler modifies the structure of the polymeric material and (2) to obtain information on the possible miscibility and compatibility between PLA and the potato pulp. The potato pulp powder utilized is a residue of the processing for the production and extraction of starch. The study was conducted by analyzing the effect of the potato pulp concentration on the thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties of the biocomposites. The results showed that the potato pulp powder does not act as reinforcement but as filler for the PLA polymeric matrix. A progressive decrease in elastic modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break was observed with increasing the potato pulp percentage. This moderate loss of mechanical properties, however, still meets the technical requirements indicated for the production of rigid packaging items. The incorporation of potato pulp powder to PLA offers the possibility to reduce the cost of the final products and promotes a circular economy approach for the valorization of agro-food waste biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Righetti
- CNR-IPCF, National Research Council-Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- CNR-IPCF, National Research Council-Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Norma Mallegni
- CNR-IPCF, National Research Council-Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Carlo Andrea Massa
- CNR-IPCF, National Research Council-Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Simona Bronco
- CNR-IPCF, National Research Council-Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Andreas Stäbler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Straße, 35, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- CNR-IPCF, National Research Council-Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
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83
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Huang Y, Kormakov S, He X, Gao X, Zheng X, Liu Y, Sun J, Wu D. Conductive Polymer Composites from Renewable Resources: An Overview of Preparation, Properties, and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E187. [PMID: 30960171 PMCID: PMC6418900 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews recent advances in conductive polymer composites from renewable resources, and introduces a number of potential applications for this material class. In order to overcome disadvantages such as poor mechanical properties of polymers from renewable resources, and give renewable polymer composites better electrical and thermal conductive properties, various filling contents and matrix polymers have been developed over the last decade. These natural or reusable filling contents, polymers, and their composites are expected to greatly reduce the tremendous pressure of industrial development on the natural environment while offering acceptable conductive properties. The unique characteristics, such as electrical/thermal conductivity, mechanical strength, biodegradability and recyclability of renewable conductive polymer composites has enabled them to be implemented in many novel and exciting applications including chemical sensors, light-emitting diode, batteries, fuel cells, heat exchangers, biosensors etc. In this article, the progress of conductive composites from natural or reusable filling contents and polymer matrices, including (1) natural polymers, such as starch and cellulose, (2) conductive filler, and (3) preparation approaches, are described, with an emphasis on potential applications of these bio-based conductive polymer composites. Moreover, several commonly-used and innovative methods for the preparation of conductive polymer composites are also introduced and compared systematically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Huang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Semen Kormakov
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xiaoxiang He
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xiaolong Gao
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xiuting Zheng
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jingyao Sun
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Daming Wu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing 100029, China.
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84
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Liu H, He H, Peng X, Huang B, Li J. Three-dimensional printing of poly(lactic acid) bio-based composites with sugarcane bagasse fiber: Effect of printing orientation on tensile performance. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou City China
| | - Hui He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou City China
| | - Xiaodong Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou City China
| | - Bai Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou City China
| | - Jiaxiong Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou City China
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85
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Sugumaran V, Kapur GS, Narula AK. Sustainable potato peel powder–LLDPE biocomposite preparation and effect of maleic anhydride-grafted polyolefins on their properties. Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2340-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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86
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Liminana P, Quiles-Carrillo L, Boronat T, Balart R, Montanes N. The Effect of Varying Almond Shell Flour (ASF) Loading in Composites with Poly(Butylene Succinate (PBS) Matrix Compatibilized with Maleinized Linseed Oil (MLO). MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E2179. [PMID: 30400300 PMCID: PMC6265868 DOI: 10.3390/ma11112179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) composites with varying loads of almond shell flour (ASF) in the 10⁻50 wt % were manufactured by extrusion and subsequent injection molding thus showing the feasibility of these combined manufacturing processes for composites up to 50 wt % ASF. A vegetable oil-derived compatibilizer, maleinized linseed oil (MLO), was used in PBS/ASF composites with a constant ASF to MLO (wt/wt) ratio of 10.0:1.5. Mechanical properties of PBS/ASF/MLO composites were obtained by standard tensile, hardness, and impact tests. The morphology of these composites was studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy-FESEM) and the main thermal properties were obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamical mechanical-thermal analysis (DMTA), thermomechanical analysis (TMA), and thermogravimetry (TGA). As the ASF loading increased, a decrease in maximum tensile strength could be detected due to the presence of ASF filler and a plasticization effect provided by MLO which also provided a compatibilization effect due to the interaction of succinic anhydride polar groups contained in MLO with hydroxyl groups in both PBS (hydroxyl terminal groups) and ASF (hydroxyl groups in cellulose). FESEM study reveals a positive contribution of MLO to embed ASF particles into the PBS matrix, thus leading to balanced mechanical properties. Varying ASF loading on PBS composites represents an environmentally-friendly solution to broaden PBS uses at the industrial level while the use of MLO contributes to overcome or minimize the lack of interaction between the hydrophobic PBS matrix and the highly hydrophilic ASF filler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Liminana
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain.
| | - Luis Quiles-Carrillo
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain.
| | - Teodomiro Boronat
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain.
| | - Rafael Balart
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain.
| | - Nestor Montanes
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain.
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87
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Das O, Kim NK, Hedenqvist MS, Lin RJT, Sarmah AK, Bhattacharyya D. An Attempt to Find a Suitable Biomass for Biochar-Based Polypropylene Biocomposites. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 62:403-413. [PMID: 29594380 PMCID: PMC6060818 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-018-1033-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Four biomass wastes (rice husk, coffee husk, coarse wool, and landfill wood) were added with biochar and polypropylene (PP) to manufacture biocomposites. Individual biomasses were tested for their combustion behavior using cone calorimeter. Biocomposites were analyzed for their fire/thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties. Wood had the most desirable comprehensive effect on both the mechanical and fire properties of composites. In particular, wood and biochar composite exhibited the highest values of tensile/flexural properties with a relatively low peak heat release rate. In general, application of waste derived biochar and biomasses drastically reduced the susceptibility of neat PP towards fire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oisik Das
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology- Polymeric Materials, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 100 44, Sweden.
| | - Nam Kyeun Kim
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mikael S Hedenqvist
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology- Polymeric Materials, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 100 44, Sweden
| | - Richard J T Lin
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ajit K Sarmah
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Debes Bhattacharyya
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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88
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Sánchez-Safont EL, Arrillaga A, Anakabe J, Cabedo L, Gamez-Perez J. Toughness Enhancement of PHBV/TPU/Cellulose Compounds with Reactive Additives for Compostable Injected Parts in Industrial Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2102. [PMID: 30029538 PMCID: PMC6073394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-valerate), PHBV, is a bacterial thermoplastic biopolyester that possesses interesting thermal and mechanical properties. As it is fully biodegradable, it could be an alternative to the use of commodities in single-use applications or in those intended for composting at their end of life. Two big drawbacks of PHBV are its low impact toughness and its high cost, which limit its potential applications. In this work, we proposed the use of a PHBV-based compound with purified α-cellulose fibres and a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), with the purpose of improving the performance of PHBV in terms of balanced heat resistance, stiffness, and toughness. Three reactive agents with different functionalities have been tested in these compounds: hexametylene diisocianate (HMDI), a commercial multi-epoxy-functionalized styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate oligomer (Joncryl® ADR-4368), and triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC). The results indicate that the reactive agents play a main role of compatibilizers among the phases of the PHBV/TPU/cellulose compounds. HMDI showed the highest ability to compatibilize the cellulose and the PHBV in the compounds, with the topmost values of deformation at break, static toughness, and impact strength. Joncryl® and TGIC, on the other hand, seemed to enhance the compatibility between the fibres and the polymer matrix as well as the TPU within the PHBV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Arrillaga
- Leartiker S. Coop., Xemein Etorbidea 12A, 48270 Markina-Xemein, Spain.
| | - Jon Anakabe
- Leartiker S. Coop., Xemein Etorbidea 12A, 48270 Markina-Xemein, Spain.
| | - Luis Cabedo
- Polymers and Advanced Materials Group (PIMA), Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain.
| | - Jose Gamez-Perez
- Polymers and Advanced Materials Group (PIMA), Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain.
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89
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Huner U, Gulec HA, Damar Huner I. Atmospheric pressure plasma jet treatment of wheat straw for improved compatibility in epoxy composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Umit Huner
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering; Trakya University; Edirne 22180 Turkey
| | - Haci Ali Gulec
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering; Trakya University; Edirne 22180 Turkey
| | - Irem Damar Huner
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering; Trakya University; Edirne 22180 Turkey
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90
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Garrido T, Leceta I, de la Caba K, Guerrero P. Chicken feathers as a natural source of sulphur to develop sustainable protein films with enhanced properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 106:523-531. [PMID: 28801097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the effect of hydrolyzed keratin on the properties of soy protein-based films was analyzed when different manufacture processes were employed. It is widely known that the processing method selected can affect the film properties as a function of the structure obtained during the film formation. Therefore, the assessment of hydrolyzed keratin/soy protein films processed by casting and compression moulding was carried out by means of the analysis of physicochemical, thermal, mechanical, optical and surface properties. It was observed that the incorporation of hydrolyzed keratin, obtained from a simpler, environmentally friendlier and more sustainable extraction method, resulted in the improvement of the thermal stability of the films, irrespective of the processing method employed. Moreover, the films processed by compression moulding showed enhanced tensile strength, which increased with the incorporation of hydrolyzed keratin due to the formation of disulfide bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Garrido
- BIOMAT Research Group, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Engineering College of Gipuzkoa, Plaza de Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Itsaso Leceta
- BIOMAT Research Group, Department of Applied Mathematics, Engineering College of Gipuzkoa, Plaza de Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Koro de la Caba
- BIOMAT Research Group, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Engineering College of Gipuzkoa, Plaza de Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Pedro Guerrero
- BIOMAT Research Group, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Engineering College of Gipuzkoa, Plaza de Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
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91
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Garcia-Garcia D, Quiles-Carrillo L, Montanes N, Fombuena V, Balart R. Manufacturing and Characterization of Composite Fibreboards with Posidonia oceanica Wastes with an Environmentally-Friendly Binder from Epoxy Resin. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 11:E35. [PMID: 29278395 PMCID: PMC5793533 DOI: 10.3390/ma11010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Highly environmentally-friendly fibreboards were manufactured by hot-press moulding using Posidonia ocaeanica wastes and a partially biobased epoxy resin as binder. Fibreboards with a constant fibre content of 70 wt % were successfully manufactured by thermo-compression. The effects of a conventional alkali treatment were compared to the synergistic effects that additional silanization with two silanes (amino and glycidyl) can exert on the mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties of fibreboards. The results revealed a remarkable improvement of the mechanical properties with the combination of the alkali treatment followed by the silanization. Scanning electron microscopy also revealed increased resin-fibre interactions due to the synergistic effect of both amino- and glycidyl-silanes. These fibreboards represent a formaldehyde-free solution and can positively contribute to sustainable development as the lignocellulosic component is a waste and the binder resin is partially biobased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Garcia-Garcia
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales-ITM, Universitat Politècnica de València-UPV, Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain.
| | - Luis Quiles-Carrillo
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales-ITM, Universitat Politècnica de València-UPV, Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain.
| | - Nestor Montanes
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales-ITM, Universitat Politècnica de València-UPV, Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain.
| | - Vicent Fombuena
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales-ITM, Universitat Politècnica de València-UPV, Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain.
| | - Rafael Balart
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales-ITM, Universitat Politècnica de València-UPV, Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain.
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92
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Cortes-Tolalpa L, Salles JF, van Elsas JD. Bacterial Synergism in Lignocellulose Biomass Degradation - Complementary Roles of Degraders As Influenced by Complexity of the Carbon Source. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1628. [PMID: 29067002 PMCID: PMC5641323 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) is an attractive source of carbon for the production of sugars and other chemicals. Due to its inherent complexity and heterogeneity, efficient biodegradation requires the actions of different types of hydrolytic enzymes. In nature, complex microbial communities that work efficiently and often synergistically accomplish degradation. Studying such synergisms in LCB degradation is fundamental for the establishment of an optimal biological degradation process. Here, we examine the wheat straw degradation potential of synthetic microbial consortia composed of bacteria and fungi. Growth of, and enzyme secretion by, monocultures of degrader strains were studied in aerobic cultures using wheat straw as the sole carbon and energy source. To investigate synergism, co-cultures were constructed from selected strains and their performance was tested in comparison with the respective monocultures. In monoculture, each organism – with a typical enzymatic profile – was found to mainly consume the cellulose part of the substrate. One strain, Flavobacterium ginsengisoli so9, displayed an extremely high degradation capacity, as measured by its secreted enzymes. Among 13 different co-cultures, five presented synergisms. These included four bacterial bicultures and one bacterial–fungal triculture. The highest level of synergism was found in a Citrobacter freundii/Sphingobacterium multivorum biculture, which revealed an 18.2-fold increase of the produced biomass. As compared to both monocultures, this bacterial pair showed significantly increased enzymatic activities, in particular of cellobiohydrolases, mannosidases, and xylosidases. Moreover, the synergism was unique to growth on wheat straw, as it was completely absent in glucose-grown bicultures. Spent supernatants of either of the two partners were found to stimulate the growth on wheat straw of the counterpart organism, in a directional manner. Thus, the basis of the LCB-specific synergism might lie in the specific release of compounds or agents by S. multivorum w15 that promote the activity of C. freundii so4 and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Cortes-Tolalpa
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Joana F Salles
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jan Dirk van Elsas
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Wang J, Qian W, He Y, Xiong Y, Song P, Wang RM. Reutilization of discarded biomass for preparing functional polymer materials. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 65:11-21. [PMID: 28431803 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biomass is abundant and recyclable on the earth, which has been assigned numerous roles to human beings. However, over the past decades, accompanying with the rapid expansion of man-made materials, such as alloy, plastic, synthetic rubber and fiber, a great number of natural materials had been neglected and abandoned, such as straw, which cause a waste of resource and environmental pollution. In this review, based on introducing sources of discarded biomass, the main composition and polymer chains in discarded biomass materials, the traditional treatment and novel approach for reutilization of discarded biomass were summarized. The discarded biomass mainly come from plant wastes generated in the process of agriculture and forestry production and manufacturing processes, animal wastes generated in the process of animal husbandry and fishery production as well as the residual wastes produced in the process of food processing and rural living garbage. Compared with the traditional treatment including burning, landfill, feeding and fertilizer, the novel approach for reutilization of discarded biomass principally allotted to energy, ecology and polymer materials. The prepared functional materials covered in composite materials, biopolymer based adsorbent and flocculant, carrier materials, energy materials, smart polymer materials for medical and other intelligent polymer materials, which can effectively serve the environmental management and human life, such as wastewater treatment, catalyst, new energy, tissue engineering, drug controlled release, and coating. To sum up, the renewable and biodegradable discarded biomass resources play a vital role in the sustainable development of human society, as well as will be put more emphases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Wenzhen Qian
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yufeng He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Yubing Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Pengfei Song
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Rong-Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
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94
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Gutiérrez MC, Siles JA, Diz J, Chica AF, Martín MA. Modelling of composting process of different organic waste at pilot scale: Biodegradability and odor emissions. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 59:48-58. [PMID: 27720580 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The composting process of six different compostable substrates and one of these with the addition of bacterial inoculums carried out in a dynamic respirometer was evaluated. Despite the heterogeneity of the compostable substrates, cumulative oxygen demand (OD, mgO2kgVS) was fitted adequately to an exponential regression growing until reaching a maximum in all cases. According to the kinetic constant of the reaction (K) values obtained, the wastes that degraded more slowly were those containing lignocellulosic material (green wastes) or less biodegradable wastes (sewage sludge). The odor emissions generated during the composting processes were also fitted in all cases to a Gaussian regression with R2 values within the range 0.8-0.9. The model was validated representing real odor concentration near the maximum value against predicted odor concentration of each substrate, (R2=0.9314; 95% prediction interval). The variables of maximum odor concentration (ouE/m3) and the time (h) at which the maximum was reached were also evaluated statistically using ANOVA and a post-hoc Tukey test taking the substrate as a factor, which allowed homogeneous groups to be obtained according to one or both of these variables. The maximum oxygen consumption rate or organic matter degradation during composting was directly related to the maximum odor emission generation rate (R2=0.9024, 95% confidence interval) when only the organic wastes with a low content in lignocellulosic materials and no inoculated waste (HRIO) were considered. Finally, the composting of OFMSW would produce a higher odor impact than the other substrates if this process was carried out without odor control or open systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Gutiérrez
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Cordoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Building Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra. N-IV, km 396, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - J A Siles
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Cordoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Building Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra. N-IV, km 396, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - J Diz
- Department of Statistics, Econometry, Op. Res., Business Org. and Applied Econ., University of Córdoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Building Albert Einstein (C-2), Ctra. N-IV, km 396, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - A F Chica
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Cordoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Building Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra. N-IV, km 396, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - M A Martín
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Cordoba, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Building Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra. N-IV, km 396, 14071 Cordoba, Spain.
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