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Badekila AK, Kini S, Jaiswal AK. Fabrication techniques of biomimetic scaffolds in three-dimensional cell culture: A review. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:741-762. [PMID: 32657458 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the last four decades, several researchers worldwide have routinely and meticulously exercised cell culture experiments in two-dimensional (2D) platforms. Using traditionally existing 2D models, the therapeutic efficacy of drugs has been inappropriately validated due to the failure in generating the precise therapeutic response. Fortunately, a 3D model addresses the foregoing limitations by recapitulating the in vivo environment. In this context, one has to contemplate the design of an appropriate scaffold for favoring the organization of cell microenvironment. Instituting pertinent model on the platter will pave way for a precise mimicking of in vivo conditions. It is because animal cells in scaffolds oblige spontaneous formation of 3D colonies that molecularly, phenotypically, and histologically resemble the native environment. The 3D culture provides insight into the biochemical aspects of cell-cell communication, plasticity, cell division, cytoskeletal reorganization, signaling mechanisms, differentiation, and cell death. Focusing on these criteria, this paper discusses in detail, the diversification of polymeric scaffolds based on their available resources. The paper also reviews the well-founded and latest techniques of scaffold fabrication, and their applications pertaining to tissue engineering, drug screening, and tumor model development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana K Badekila
- Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sudarshan Kini
- Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Amit K Jaiswal
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular, and Molecular Theranostics, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Zhang C, Yang Z, Dong DL, Jang TS, Knowles JC, Kim HW, Jin GZ, Xuan Y. 3D culture technologies of cancer stem cells: promising ex vivo tumor models. J Tissue Eng 2020; 11:2041731420933407. [PMID: 32637062 PMCID: PMC7318804 DOI: 10.1177/2041731420933407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells have been shown to be important in tumorigenesis processes, such as tumor growth, metastasis, and recurrence. As such, many three-dimensional models have been developed to establish an ex vivo microenvironment that cancer stem cells experience under in vivo conditions. Cancer stem cells propagating in three-dimensional culture systems show physiologically related signaling pathway profiles, gene expression, cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions, and drug resistance that reflect at least some of the tumor properties seen in vivo. Herein, we discussed the presently available Cancer stem cell three-dimensional culture models that use biomaterials and engineering tools and the biological implications of these models compared to the conventional ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengye Zhang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, China.,Air Force Medical Center of the Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoting Yang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, China
| | - Da-Long Dong
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Su Jang
- Department of Pre-Medical Course, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonathan C Knowles
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Guang-Zhen Jin
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yanhua Xuan
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, China.,Department of Pathology, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, China
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Song H, Cai GH, Liang J, Ao DS, Wang H, Yang ZH. Three-dimensional culture and clinical drug responses of a highly metastatic human ovarian cancer HO-8910PM cells in nanofibrous microenvironments of three hydrogel biomaterials. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:90. [PMID: 32527266 PMCID: PMC7291456 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00646-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is a highly aggressive malignant disease in gynecologic cancer. It is an urgent task to develop three-dimensional (3D) cell models in vitro and dissect the cell progression-related drug resistance mechanisms in vivo. In the present study, RADA16-I peptide has the reticulated nanofiber scaffold networks in hydrogel, which is utilized to develop robust 3D cell culture of a high metastatic human ovarian cancer HO-8910PM cell line accompanied with the counterparts of Matrigel and collagen I. Results Consequently, HO-8910PM cells were successfully cultivated in three types of hydrogel biomaterials, such as RADA16-I hydrogel, Matrigel, and collagen I, according to 3D cell culture protocols. Designer RADA16-I peptide had well-defined nanofiber networks architecture in hydrogel, which provided nanofiber cell microenvironments analogous to Matrigel and collagen I. 3D-cultured HO-8910PM cells in RADA16-I hydrogel, Matrigel, and collagen I showed viable cell proliferation, proper cell growth, and diverse cell shapes in morphology at the desired time points. For a long 3D cell culture period, HO-8910PM cells showed distinct cell aggregate growth patterns in RADA16-I hydrogel, Matrigel, and collagen I, such as cell aggregates, cell colonies, cell clusters, cell strips, and multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS). The cell distribution and alignment were described vigorously. Moreover, the molecular expression of integrin β1, E-cadherin and N-cadherin were quantitatively analyzed in 3D-cultured MCTS of HO-8910PM cells by immunohistochemistry and western blotting assays. The chemosensitivity assay for clinical drug responses in 3D context indicated that HO-8910PM cells in three types of hydrogels showed significantly higher chemoresistance to cisplatin and paclitaxel compared to 2D flat cell culture, including IC50 values and inhibition rates. Conclusion Based on these results, RADA16-I hydrogel is a highly competent, high-profile, and proactive nanofiber scaffold to maintain viable cell proliferation and high cell vitality in 3D cell models, which may be particularly utilized to develop useful clinical drug screening platform in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Song
- College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, No.201 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Guo-Hui Cai
- College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, No.201 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Jian Liang
- School of Resources and Environment, ABA Normal University, Shuimo Town, Wenchuan County, Aba Prefecture, Sichuan, 623002, China
| | - Di-Shu Ao
- College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, No.201 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Huan Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, No.201 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Ze-Hong Yang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, No.17 People's South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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Brown JR, Chan DK, Shank JJ, Griffith KA, Fan H, Szulawski R, Yang K, Reynolds RK, Johnston C, McLean K, Uppal S, Liu JR, Cabrera L, Taylor SE, Orr BC, Modugno F, Mehta P, Bregenzer M, Mehta G, Shen H, Coffman LG, Buckanovich RJ. Phase II clinical trial of metformin as a cancer stem cell-targeting agent in ovarian cancer. JCI Insight 2020; 5:133247. [PMID: 32369446 PMCID: PMC7308054 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.133247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDEpidemiologic studies suggest that metformin has antitumor effects. Laboratory studies indicate metformin impacts cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). As part of a phase II trial, we evaluated the impact of metformin on CSC number and on carcinoma-associated mesenchymal stem cells (CA-MSCs) and clinical outcomes in nondiabetic patients with advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).METHODSThirty-eight patients with stage IIC (n = 1)/III (n = 25)/IV (n = 12) EOC were treated with either (a) neoadjuvant metformin, debulking surgery, and adjuvant chemotherapy plus metformin or (b) neoadjuvant chemotherapy and metformin, interval debulking surgery, and adjuvant chemotherapy plus metformin. Metformin-treated tumors, compared with historical controls, were evaluated for CSC number and chemotherapy response. Primary endpoints were (a) a 2-fold or greater reduction in aldehyde dehydrogenase-positive (ALDH+) CD133+ CSCs and (b) a relapse-free survival at 18 months of more than 50%.RESULTSMetformin was well tolerated. Median progression-free survival was 18.0 months (95% CI 14.0-21.6) with relapse-free survival at 18 months of 59.3% (95% CI 38.6-70.5). Median overall survival was 57.9 months (95% CI 28.0-not estimable). Tumors treated with metformin had a 2.4-fold decrease in ALDH+CD133+ CSCs and increased sensitivity to cisplatin ex vivo. Furthermore, metformin altered the methylation signature in CA-MSCs, which prevented CA-MSC-driven chemoresistance in vitro.CONCLUSIONTranslational studies confirm an impact of metformin on EOC CSCs and suggest epigenetic change in the tumor stroma may drive the platinum sensitivity ex vivo. Consistent with this, metformin therapy was associated with better-than-expected overall survival, supporting the use of metformin in phase III studies.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT01579812.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R. Brown
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniel K. Chan
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jessica J. Shank
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Naval Medical Center, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kent A. Griffith
- University of Michigan Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Huihui Fan
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Robert Szulawski
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kun Yang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - R. Kevin Reynolds
- University of Michigan Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Carolyn Johnston
- University of Michigan Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Karen McLean
- University of Michigan Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Shitanshu Uppal
- University of Michigan Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - J. Rebecca Liu
- University of Michigan Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lourdes Cabrera
- University of Michigan Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sarah E. Taylor
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian C. Orr
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Francesmary Modugno
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Pooja Mehta
- University of Michigan Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael Bregenzer
- University of Michigan Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Geeta Mehta
- University of Michigan Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Hui Shen
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Lan G. Coffman
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ronald J. Buckanovich
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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55
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Yang Z, Xu H, Zhao X. Designer Self-Assembling Peptide Hydrogels to Engineer 3D Cell Microenvironments for Cell Constructs Formation and Precise Oncology Remodeling in Ovarian Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1903718. [PMID: 32382486 PMCID: PMC7201262 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Designer self-assembling peptides form the entangled nanofiber networks in hydrogels by ionic-complementary self-assembly. This type of hydrogel has realistic biological and physiochemical properties to serve as biomimetic extracellular matrix (ECM) for biomedical applications. The advantages and benefits are distinct from natural hydrogels and other synthetic or semisynthetic hydrogels. Designer peptides provide diverse alternatives of main building blocks to form various functional nanostructures. The entangled nanofiber networks permit essential compositional complexity and heterogeneity of engineering cell microenvironments in comparison with other hydrogels, which may reconstruct the tumor microenvironments (TMEs) in 3D cell cultures and tissue-specific modeling in vitro. Either ovarian cancer progression or recurrence and relapse are involved in the multifaceted TMEs in addition to mesothelial cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, pericytes, immune cells, adipocytes, and the ECM. Based on the progress in common hydrogel products, this work focuses on the diverse designer self-assembling peptide hydrogels for instructive cell constructs in tissue-specific modeling and the precise oncology remodeling for ovarian cancer, which are issued by several research aspects in a 3D context. The advantages and significance of designer peptide hydrogels are discussed, and some common approaches and coming challenges are also addressed in current complex tumor diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehong Yang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041P. R. China
- Institute for Nanobiomedical Technology and Membrane BiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Xu
- GL Biochem (Shanghai) Ltd.519 Ziyue Rd.Shanghai200241P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Zhao
- Institute for Nanobiomedical Technology and Membrane BiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041P. R. China
- Wenzhou InstituteUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials & Engineering)WenzhouZhejiang325001P. R. China
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56
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Rivera-Báez L, Lohse I, Lin E, Raghavan S, Owen S, Harouaka R, Herman K, Mehta G, Lawrence TS, Morgan MA, Cuneo KC, Nagrath S. Expansion of Circulating Tumor Cells from Patients with Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer Enable Patient Derived Xenografts and Functional Studies for Personalized Medicine. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12041011. [PMID: 32326109 PMCID: PMC7225920 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12041011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvement in pancreatic cancer treatment represents an urgent medical goal that has been hampered by the lack of predictive biomarkers. Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) may be able to overcome this issue by allowing the monitoring of therapeutic response and tumor aggressiveness through ex vivo expansion. The successful expansion of CTCs is challenging, due to their low numbers in blood and the high abundance of blood cells. Here, we explored the utility of pancreatic CTC cultures as a preclinical model for treatment response. CTCs were isolated from ten patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer using the Labyrinth, a biomarker independent, size based, inertial microfluidic separation device. Three patient-derived CTC samples were successfully expanded in adherent and spheroid cultures. Molecular and functional characterization was performed on the expanded CTC lines. CTC lines exhibited KRAS mutations, consistent with pancreatic cancers. Additionally, we evaluated take rate and metastatic potential in vivo and examined the utility of CTC lines for cytotoxicity assays. Patient derived expanded CTCs successfully generated patient derived xenograft (PDX) models with a 100% take rate. Our results demonstrate that CTC cultures are possible and provide a valuable resource for translational pancreatic cancer research, while also providing meaningful insight into the development of distant metastasis, as well as treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianette Rivera-Báez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; (L.R.-B.); (E.L.); (S.O.)
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA;
| | - Ines Lohse
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (I.L.); (K.H.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Eric Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; (L.R.-B.); (E.L.); (S.O.)
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA;
| | - Shreya Raghavan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Sarah Owen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; (L.R.-B.); (E.L.); (S.O.)
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA;
| | - Ramdane Harouaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (R.H.); (T.S.L.)
| | - Kirk Herman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (I.L.); (K.H.); (M.A.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (R.H.); (T.S.L.)
| | - Geeta Mehta
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA;
| | - Theodore S. Lawrence
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (R.H.); (T.S.L.)
| | - Meredith A. Morgan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (I.L.); (K.H.); (M.A.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (R.H.); (T.S.L.)
| | - Kyle C. Cuneo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (I.L.); (K.H.); (M.A.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (R.H.); (T.S.L.)
- Veterans Administration Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Correspondence: (K.C.C.); (S.N.)
| | - Sunitha Nagrath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; (L.R.-B.); (E.L.); (S.O.)
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (R.H.); (T.S.L.)
- Correspondence: (K.C.C.); (S.N.)
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Chaicharoenaudomrung N, Kunhorm P, Noisa P. Three-dimensional cell culture systems as an in vitro platform for cancer and stem cell modeling. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:1065-1083. [PMID: 31875869 PMCID: PMC6904866 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i12.1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) culture systems are becoming increasingly popular due to their ability to mimic tissue-like structures more effectively than the monolayer cultures. In cancer and stem cell research, the natural cell characteristics and architectures are closely mimicked by the 3D cell models. Thus, the 3D cell cultures are promising and suitable systems for various proposes, ranging from disease modeling to drug target identification as well as potential therapeutic substances that may transform our lives. This review provides a comprehensive compendium of recent advancements in culturing cells, in particular cancer and stem cells, using 3D culture techniques. The major approaches highlighted here include cell spheroids, hydrogel embedding, bioreactors, scaffolds, and bioprinting. In addition, the progress of employing 3D cell culture systems as a platform for cancer and stem cell research was addressed, and the prominent studies of 3D cell culture systems were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipha Chaicharoenaudomrung
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Phongsakorn Kunhorm
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Parinya Noisa
- Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
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Kalaydina RV, Zhou H, Markvicheva E, Burov SV, Zulkernine F, Szewczuk MR. Impact of Fucosylation on Self-Assembly of Prostate and Breast Tumor Spheroids by Using Cyclo-RGDfK(TPP) Peptide and Image Object Detection. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:11153-11173. [PMID: 31908483 PMCID: PMC6927495 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s235811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Core fucosylation of N-glycans on the integrin β1 subunit is essential for the functional activity of the integrin. The binding of α5β1 integrin with the tripeptide Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif within the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin may be influenced by the α-1,6-fucose core or α-1,2-fucose and α-1,3/4-fucose peripheral N-glycan profiles. Here, we investigated whether fucosylation impacts the formation of matrix-free 3D multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) from human triple negative breast MDA-MB231 cell line, prostate PC3 and DU145 cell lines and DU145 gemcitabine resistant (GemR) variant by using the cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Lys peptide modified with 4-carboxybutyl-triphenylphosphonium bromide (cyclo-RGDfK(TPP)) peptide method. Methods Microscopic imaging, lectin histochemistry, flow cytometry, WST-1 cell viability assay and You Only Look Once version 2 (YOLOv2) training object detection using cyclic learning rates were used to evaluate the formation of MCTS, morphologic changes, and the expression levels of α-1,6-fucose and α-1,2-fucose linkages on the cell surface. Results DU145 prostate cancer cells expressed higher α-1,6-fucose than α-1,2-fucose linkages on their cell surface, as determined by lectin cytochemistry and flow cytometry. Blockage of the α-1,6- and α-1,2-fucose linkages with Aspergillus oryzae lectin (AOL) and Ulex Europaeus agglutinin I (UEA I) one hour before the addition of cyclic-RGDfK(TPP) peptide to the monolayer of the cancer cells resulted in a statistically significant dose-dependent reduction in spheroid volumes using threshold diameters of 40 and 60 µm. Application of a 40 µm threshold diameter measurements of spheroids resulted in fewer false-positive ones compared to the 60 µm diameter threshold previously used in our studies. A state-of-the-art, image object detection system YOLOv2 was used to automate the analysis of spheroid measurements and volumes. The results showed that YOLOv2 corroborated manual spheroid detection and volume measurements with high precision and accuracy. Conclusion For the first time, the findings demonstrate that α-1,6- and α-1,2-fucose linkages of N-glycans on the cell surface receptors facilitate cyclo-RGDfK(TPP)-mediated self-assembly of cancer cells to form 3D multicellular tumor spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hedi Zhou
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Elena Markvicheva
- Biomedical Materials Laboratory, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey V Burov
- Laboratory of Novel Peptide Therapeutics, Cytomed J.S.Co., St-Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Myron R Szewczuk
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Kaipio K, Chen P, Roering P, Huhtinen K, Mikkonen P, Östling P, Lehtinen L, Mansuri N, Korpela T, Potdar S, Hynninen J, Auranen A, Grénman S, Wennerberg K, Hautaniemi S, Carpén O. ALDH1A1-related stemness in high-grade serous ovarian cancer is a negative prognostic indicator but potentially targetable by EGFR/mTOR-PI3K/aurora kinase inhibitors. J Pathol 2019; 250:159-169. [PMID: 31595974 DOI: 10.1002/path.5356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Poor chemotherapy response remains a major treatment challenge for high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC). Cancer stem cells are the major contributors to relapse and treatment failure as they can survive conventional therapy. Our objectives were to characterise stemness features in primary patient-derived cell lines, correlate stemness markers with clinical outcome and test the response of our cells to both conventional and exploratory drugs. Tissue and ascites samples, treatment-naive and/or after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, were prospectively collected. Primary cancer cells, cultured under conditions favouring either adherent or spheroid growth, were tested for stemness markers; the same markers were analysed in tissue and correlated with chemotherapy response and survival. Drug sensitivity and resistance testing was performed with 306 oncology compounds. Spheroid growth condition HGSC cells showed increased stemness marker expression (including aldehyde dehydrogenase isoform I; ALDH1A1) as compared with adherent growth condition cells, and increased resistance to platinum and taxane. A set of eight stemness markers separated treatment-naive tumours into two clusters and identified a distinct subgroup of HGSC with enriched stemness features. Expression of ALDH1A1, but not most other stemness markers, was increased after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and its expression in treatment-naive tumours correlated with chemoresistance and reduced survival. In drug sensitivity and resistance testing, five compounds, including two PI3K-mTOR inhibitors, demonstrated significant activity in both cell culture conditions. Thirteen compounds, including EGFR, PI3K-mTOR and aurora kinase inhibitors, were more toxic to spheroid cells than adherent cells. Our results identify stemness markers in HGSC that are associated with a decreased response to conventional chemotherapy and reduced survival if expressed by treatment-naive tumours. EGFR, mTOR-PI3K and aurora kinase inhibitors are candidates for targeting this cell population. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kaipio
- Research Center for Cancer, Infections and Immunity, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ping Chen
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Pia Roering
- Research Center for Cancer, Infections and Immunity, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kaisa Huhtinen
- Research Center for Cancer, Infections and Immunity, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Piia Mikkonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Östling
- Science for Life Laboratory Department of Oncology & Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Lehtinen
- Research Center for Cancer, Infections and Immunity, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Naziha Mansuri
- Research Center for Cancer, Infections and Immunity, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Taina Korpela
- Research Center for Cancer, Infections and Immunity, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Swapnil Potdar
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, High Throughput Biomedicine Unit (HTB), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Hynninen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Annika Auranen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Seija Grénman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Krister Wennerberg
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, High Throughput Biomedicine Unit (HTB), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sampsa Hautaniemi
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology and Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Carpén
- Research Center for Cancer, Infections and Immunity, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology and Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Investigation of uniform sized multicellular spheroids raised by microwell arrays after the combined treatment of electric field and anti-cancer drug. Biomed Microdevices 2019; 21:94. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-019-0442-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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61
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Kaneda S, Kawada J, Shinohara M, Kumemura M, Ueno R, Kawamoto T, Suzuki K, Kim B, Ikeuchi Y, Sakai Y, Collard D, Fujita H, Fujii T. Boyden chamber-based compartmentalized tumor spheroid culture system to implement localized anticancer drug treatment. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019; 13:054111. [PMID: 31893010 PMCID: PMC6932857 DOI: 10.1063/1.5125650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In anticancer drug development, it is important to simultaneously evaluate both the effect of drugs on cell proliferation and their ability to penetrate tissues. To realize such an evaluation process, here, we present a compartmentalized tumor spheroid culture system utilizing a thin membrane with a through-hole to conduct localized anticancer treatment of tumor spheroids and monitor spheroid dimensions as an indicator of cell proliferation. The system is based on a commercialized Boyden chamber plate; a through-hole was bored through a porous membrane of the chamber, and the pre-existing 0.4 μm membrane pores were filled with parylene C. A HepG2 spheroid was immobilized onto the through-hole, separating the upper and lower compartments. Fluorescein (to verify the isolation between the compartments) and tirapazamine (TPZ; to treat only the lower part of the spheroid) were added to the upper and lower compartments, respectively. Since the transportation of fluorescein was blocked during treatment, i.e., the upper and lower compartments were isolated, it was confirmed that localized TPZ treatment was successfully conducted using the developed system. The effect of localized TPZ treatment on cell proliferation was estimated by measuring the maximum horizontal cross-sectional areas in the upper and lower parts of the spheroid by microscopic observations. This system can, thus, be used to perform localized anticancer drug treatment of tumor spheroids and evaluate the effect of drugs on cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Kaneda
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
| | - Jiro Kawada
- Center for International Research on Integrative Biomedical Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 156-0041, Japan
| | - Marie Shinohara
- Center for International Research on Integrative Biomedical Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 156-0041, Japan
| | | | - Ryohei Ueno
- LIMMS-CNRS/IIS, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 156-0041, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kawamoto
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano-machi, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan
| | - Kenji Suzuki
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano-machi, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Dominique Collard
- LIMMS-CNRS/IIS, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 156-0041, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fujita
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Micro-Nano Methods, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 156-0041, Japan
| | - Teruo Fujii
- Center for International Research on Integrative Biomedical Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 156-0041, Japan
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Raghavan S, Mehta P, Xie Y, Lei YL, Mehta G. Ovarian cancer stem cells and macrophages reciprocally interact through the WNT pathway to promote pro-tumoral and malignant phenotypes in 3D engineered microenvironments. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:190. [PMID: 31324218 PMCID: PMC6642605 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0666-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innate immune cells such as macrophages are abundantly present within malignant ascites, where they share the microenvironment with ovarian cancer stem cells (CSC). METHODS To mimic this malignant ascites microenvironment, we created a hanging-drop hetero-spheroid model to bring CSCs and macrophages in close association. Within these hetero-spheroids, CD68+ macrophages (derived from U937 or peripheral blood monocytes) make up ~ 20% of the population, while the rest are ovarian cancer cells and ovarian cancer stem cells (derived from the high grade serous ovarian cancer cell line, OVCAR3). RESULTS Our results indicate that CSCs drive the upregulation of M2 macrophage marker CD206 within hetero-spheroids, compared to bulk ovarian cancer cells, implying an inherently more immuno-suppressive program. Moreover, an increased maintenance of elevated aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity is noted within hetero-spheroids that include pre-polarized CD206+ M2 macrophages, implying a reciprocal interaction that drives pro-tumoral activation as well as CSC self-renewal. Consistent with enriched CSCs, we also observe increased levels of pro-tumoral IL-10 and IL-6 cytokines in the CSC/M2-macrophage hetero-spheroids. CSC/M2-macrophage hetero-spheroids are also less sensitive to the chemotherapeutic agent carboplatin and are subsequently more invasive in transwell assays. Using inhibitors of WNT secretion in both CSCs and macrophages, we found that CSC-derived WNT ligands drove CD206+ M2 macrophage activation, and that, conversely, macrophage-derived WNT ligands enriched ALDH+ cells within the CSC compartment of hetero-spheroids. Upon examination of specific WNT ligand expression within the monocyte-derived macrophage system, we observed a significant elevation in gene expression for WNT5B. In CSCs co-cultured with macrophages within hetero-spheroids, increases in several WNT ligands were observed, and this increase was significantly inhibited when WNT5B was knocked down in macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Our data implies that macrophage- initiated WNT signaling could play a significant role in the maintenance of stemness, and the resulting phenotypes of chemoresistance and invasiveness. Our results indicate paracrine WNT activation during CSC/M2 macrophages interaction constitutes a positive feedback loop that likely contributes to the more aggressive phenotype, which makes the WNT pathway a potential target to reduce the CSC and M2 macrophage compartments in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Raghavan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 28, Room 3044W, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Pooja Mehta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 28, Room 3044W, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yuying Xie
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Yu L Lei
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine and Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ann Arbor, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, North Campus Research Complex, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 28, Room 3044W, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Geeta Mehta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 28, Room 3044W, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 28, Room 3044W, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Macromolecular Sciences and Engineering, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 28, Room 3044W, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Rogel Cancer Center, North Campus Research Complex, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 28, Room 3044W, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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63
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Ward Rashidi MR, Mehta P, Bregenzer M, Raghavan S, Fleck EM, Horst EN, Harissa Z, Ravikumar V, Brady S, Bild A, Rao A, Buckanovich RJ, Mehta G. Engineered 3D Model of Cancer Stem Cell Enrichment and Chemoresistance. Neoplasia 2019; 21:822-836. [PMID: 31299607 PMCID: PMC6624324 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraperitoneal dissemination of ovarian cancers is preceded by the development of chemoresistant tumors with malignant ascites. Despite the high levels of chemoresistance and relapse observed in ovarian cancers, there are no in vitro models to understand the development of chemoresistance in situ. Method: We describe a highly integrated approach to establish an in vitro model of chemoresistance and stemness in ovarian cancer, using the 3D hanging drop spheroid platform. The model was established by serially passaging non-adherent spheroids. At each passage, the effectiveness of the model was evaluated via measures of proliferation, response to treatment with cisplatin and a novel ALDH1A inhibitor. Concomitantly, the expression and tumor initiating capacity of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) was analyzed. RNA-seq was used to establish gene signatures associated with the evolution of tumorigenicity, and chemoresistance. Lastly, a mathematical model was developed to predict the emergence of CSCs during serial passaging of ovarian cancer spheroids. Results: Our serial passage model demonstrated increased cellular proliferation, enriched CSCs, and emergence of a platinum resistant phenotype. In vivo tumor xenograft assays indicated that later passage spheroids were significantly more tumorigenic with higher CSCs, compared to early passage spheroids. RNA-seq revealed several gene signatures supporting the emergence of CSCs, chemoresistance, and malignant phenotypes, with links to poor clinical prognosis. Our mathematical model predicted the emergence of CSC populations within serially passaged spheroids, concurring with experimentally observed data. Conclusion: Our integrated approach illustrates the utility of the serial passage spheroid model for examining the emergence and development of chemoresistance in ovarian cancer in a controllable and reproducible format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R Ward Rashidi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pooja Mehta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael Bregenzer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shreya Raghavan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Elyse M Fleck
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eric N Horst
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zainab Harissa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Visweswaran Ravikumar
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Division of Quantitative Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Samuel Brady
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Andrea Bild
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics, City of Hope Cancer Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Arvind Rao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ronald J Buckanovich
- Director of Ovarian Cancer Research, Magee Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Geeta Mehta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA..
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Bregenzer ME, Davis C, Horst EN, Mehta P, Novak CM, Raghavan S, Snyder CS, Mehta G. Physiologic Patient Derived 3D Spheroids for Anti-neoplastic Drug Screening to Target Cancer Stem Cells. JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS : JOVE 2019:10.3791/59696. [PMID: 31329171 PMCID: PMC9894675 DOI: 10.3791/59696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this protocol, we outline the procedure for generation of tumor spheroids within 384-well hanging droplets to allow for high-throughput screening of anti-cancer therapeutics in a physiologically representative microenvironment. We outline the formation of patient derived cancer stem cell spheroids, as well as, the manipulation of these spheroids for thorough analysis following drug treatment. Specifically, we describe collection of spheroid morphology, proliferation, viability, drug toxicity, cell phenotype and cell localization data. This protocol focuses heavily on analysis techniques that are easily implemented using the 384-well hanging drop platform, making it ideal for high throughput drug screening. While we emphasize the importance of this model in ovarian cancer studies and cancer stem cell research, the 384-well platform is amenable to research of other cancer types and disease models, extending the utility of the platform to many fields. By improving the speed of personalized drug screening and the quality of screening results through easily implemented physiologically representative 3D cultures, this platform is predicted to aid in the development of new therapeutics and patient-specific treatment strategies, and thus have wide-reaching clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ciara Davis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Eric N. Horst
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Pooja Mehta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Caymen M. Novak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Shreya Raghavan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Catherine S. Snyder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Geeta Mehta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Rogel Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA,Corresponding author: Geeta Mehta
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Hossein G, Halvaei S, Heidarian Y, Dehghani-Ghobadi Z, Hassani M, Hosseini H, Naderi N, Sheikh Hassani S. Pectasol-C Modified Citrus Pectin targets Galectin-3-induced STAT3 activation and synergize paclitaxel cytotoxic effect on ovarian cancer spheroids. Cancer Med 2019; 8:4315-4329. [PMID: 31197964 PMCID: PMC6675724 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we sought to determine the relationship between STAT3 activity and Galectin‐3 (Gal‐3) and to investigate the cytotoxic effect of PectaSol‐C Modified Citrus Pectin (Pect‐MCP) as a specific competitive inhibitor of Galectin‐3 (Gal‐3) in combination with Paclitaxel (PTX) to kill the ovarian cancer cell SKOV‐3 multicellular tumor spheroid (MCTS). To this order, SKOV‐3 cells in 2D and 3D cultures were treated with exogenous Gal‐3 for the assessment of STAT3 activity. Two‐way ANOVA main effect and IC50 of each drug Paclitaxel (PTX) and Pect‐MCP or in combination were obtained from MTT assay results. The phosphorylated STAT3 levels, migration, invasion, integrin mRNA and p‐AKTser473 levels were assessed in the absence or presence of each drug alone or in combination. Gal‐3 expression levels were assessed in human serous ovarian cancer (SOC) specimens and its correlation with different integrin mRNA levels was further assessed. Our results showed that Gal‐3 expression level was significantly increased in MCTS compared to monolayer SKOV‐3 cells which triggered STAT3 phosphorylation. Moreover, Pect‐MCP synergized with PTX to kill SKOV3 MCTS through abrogation of STAT3 activity and reduced expression of its downstream target HIF‐1α, reduced integrin mRNA levels, and subsequently decreased AKT activity. There were higher expression levels of Gal‐3 in human high‐grade SOC specimens compared to the normal ovary and borderline SOC which positively and significantly correlated with α5, β2 and β6 integrin mRNA levels. Together, these results revealed for the first time that Pect‐MCP could be considered as a potential drug to enhance the PTX effect on ovarian cancer cells MCTS through inhibition of STAT3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghamartaj Hossein
- Department of Animal Biology, Developmental Biology Laboratory, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Halvaei
- Department of Animal Biology, Developmental Biology Laboratory, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yassaman Heidarian
- Department of Animal Biology, Developmental Biology Laboratory, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish, Iran
| | - Zeinab Dehghani-Ghobadi
- Department of Animal Biology, Developmental Biology Laboratory, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Hassani
- Department of Animal Biology, Developmental Biology Laboratory, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Hosseini
- Department of Animal Biology, Developmental Biology Laboratory, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Naderi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University (Medical Sciences), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Sheikh Hassani
- Department of Gynecology Oncology Valiasr, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Brooks EA, Gencoglu MF, Corbett DC, Stevens KR, Peyton SR. An omentum-inspired 3D PEG hydrogel for identifying ECM-drivers of drug resistant ovarian cancer. APL Bioeng 2019; 3:026106. [PMID: 31263798 PMCID: PMC6594836 DOI: 10.1063/1.5091713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is a challenging disease to treat due to poor screening techniques and late diagnosis. There is an urgent need for additional therapy options, as patients recur in 70% of cases. The limited availability of clinical treatment options could be a result of poor predictions in early stage drug screens on standard tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). TCPS does not capture the mechanical and biochemical cues that cells experience in vivo, which can impact how cells will respond to a drug. Therefore, an in vitro model that captures some of the microenvironment features that the cells experience in vivo could provide better insights into drug responses. In this study, we formed 3D multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) in microwells and encapsulated them in 3D omentum-inspired hydrogels. SKOV-3 MCTS were resistant to Paclitaxel in our 3D hydrogels compared to a monolayer on TCPS. Toward clinical application, we tested cells from patients [ovarian carcinoma ascites spheroids (OCAS)] who had been treated with Paclitaxel, and drug responses predicted by using the 3D omentum-inspired hydrogels demonstrated the lack of the Paclitaxel response of these samples. Additionally, we observed the presence of collagen production around the encapsulated SKOV-3 MCTS, but not significantly on TCPS. Our results demonstrated that our 3D omentum-inspired hydrogel is an improved in vitro drug testing platform to study the OvCa drug response for patient-derived cells and helped us identify collagen 3 as a potential driver of Paclitaxel resistance in 3D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Brooks
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, N540 Life Science Laboratories, 240 Thatcher Road, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9364, USA
| | - Maria F. Gencoglu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, N540 Life Science Laboratories, 240 Thatcher Road, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9364, USA
| | - Daniel C. Corbett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Box 355061, Seattle, Washington 98195-5061, USA
| | - Kelly R. Stevens
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Box 355061, Seattle, Washington 98195-5061, USA
| | - Shelly R. Peyton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, N540 Life Science Laboratories, 240 Thatcher Road, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9364, USA
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Bregenzer ME, Horst EN, Mehta P, Novak CM, Raghavan S, Snyder CS, Mehta G. Integrated cancer tissue engineering models for precision medicine. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216564. [PMID: 31075118 PMCID: PMC6510431 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors are not merely cancerous cells that undergo mindless proliferation. Rather, they are highly organized and interconnected organ systems. Tumor cells reside in complex microenvironments in which they are subjected to a variety of physical and chemical stimuli that influence cell behavior and ultimately the progression and maintenance of the tumor. As cancer bioengineers, it is our responsibility to create physiologic models that enable accurate understanding of the multi-dimensional structure, organization, and complex relationships in diverse tumor microenvironments. Such models can greatly expedite clinical discovery and translation by closely replicating the physiological conditions while maintaining high tunability and control of extrinsic factors. In this review, we discuss the current models that target key aspects of the tumor microenvironment and their role in cancer progression. In order to address sources of experimental variation and model limitations, we also make recommendations for methods to improve overall physiologic reproducibility, experimental repeatability, and rigor within the field. Improvements can be made through an enhanced emphasis on mathematical modeling, standardized in vitro model characterization, transparent reporting of methodologies, and designing experiments with physiological metrics. Taken together these considerations will enhance the relevance of in vitro tumor models, biological understanding, and accelerate treatment exploration ultimately leading to improved clinical outcomes. Moreover, the development of robust, user-friendly models that integrate important stimuli will allow for the in-depth study of tumors as they undergo progression from non-transformed primary cells to metastatic disease and facilitate translation to a wide variety of biological and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Bregenzer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Eric N. Horst
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Pooja Mehta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Caymen M. Novak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Shreya Raghavan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Catherine S. Snyder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Geeta Mehta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Rogel Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mooneyham A, Iizuka Y, Yang Q, Coombes C, McClellan M, Shridhar V, Emmings E, Shetty M, Chen L, Ai T, Meints J, Lee MK, Gardner M, Bazzaro M. UNC-45A Is a Novel Microtubule-Associated Protein and Regulator of Paclitaxel Sensitivity in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:370-383. [PMID: 30322860 PMCID: PMC6359974 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNC-45A, a highly conserved member of the UCS (UNC45A/CRO1/SHE4P) protein family of cochaperones, plays an important role in regulating cytoskeletal-associated functions in invertebrates and mammalian cells, including cytokinesis, exocytosis, cell motility, and neuronal development. Here, for the first time, UNC-45A is demonstrated to function as a mitotic spindle-associated protein that destabilizes microtubules (MT) activity. Using in vitro biophysical reconstitution and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy analysis, we reveal that UNC-45A directly binds to taxol-stabilized MTs in the absence of any additional cellular cofactors or other MT-associated proteins and acts as an ATP-independent MT destabilizer. In cells, UNC-45A binds to and destabilizes mitotic spindles, and its depletion causes severe defects in chromosome congression and segregation. UNC-45A is overexpressed in human clinical specimens from chemoresistant ovarian cancer and that UNC-45A-overexpressing cells resist chromosome missegregation and aneuploidy when treated with clinically relevant concentrations of paclitaxel. Lastly, UNC-45A depletion exacerbates paclitaxel-mediated stabilizing effects on mitotic spindles and restores sensitivity to paclitaxel. IMPLICATIONS: These findings reveal novel and significant roles for UNC-45A in regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics, broadening our understanding of the basic mechanisms regulating MT stability and human cancer susceptibility to paclitaxel, one of the most widely used chemotherapy agents for the treatment of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Mooneyham
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Heath, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yoshie Iizuka
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Heath, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Courtney Coombes
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Mark McClellan
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Vijayalakshmi Shridhar
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Edith Emmings
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Heath, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Mihir Shetty
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Heath, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Liqiang Chen
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Teng Ai
- Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Joyce Meints
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Michael K Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Melissa Gardner
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Martina Bazzaro
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Heath, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA,,Corresponding author: Martina Bazzaro, Masonic Cancer Center, 420 Delaware Street S.E, Room 490, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, Tel: 612-6252889, Fax: 612-626-0665,
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Masiello T, Dhall A, Hemachandra LPM, Tokranova N, Melendez JA, Castracane J. A Dynamic Culture Method to Produce Ovarian Cancer Spheroids under Physiologically-Relevant Shear Stress. Cells 2018; 7:E277. [PMID: 30572633 PMCID: PMC6316168 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcoelomic metastasis pathway is an alternative to traditional lymphatic/hematogenic metastasis. It is most frequently observed in ovarian cancer, though it has been documented in colon and gastric cancers as well. In transcoelomic metastasis, primary tumor cells are released into the abdominal cavity and form cell aggregates known as spheroids. These spheroids travel through the peritoneal fluid and implant at secondary sites, leading to the formation of new tumor lesions in the peritoneal lining and the organs in the cavity. Models of this process that incorporate the fluid shear stress (FSS) experienced by these spheroids are few, and most have not been fully characterized. Proposed herein is the adaption of a known dynamic cell culture system, the orbital shaker, to create an environment with physiologically-relevant FSS for spheroid formation. Experimental conditions (rotation speed, well size and cell density) were optimized to achieve physiologically-relevant FSS while facilitating the formation of spheroids that are also of a physiologically-relevant size. The FSS improves the roundness and size consistency of spheroids versus equivalent static methods and are even comparable to established high-throughput arrays, while maintaining nearly equivalent viability. This effect was seen in both highly metastatic and modestly metastatic cell lines. The spheroids generated using this technique were fully amenable to functional assays and will allow for better characterization of FSS's effects on metastatic behavior and serve as a drug screening platform. This model can also be built upon in the future by adding more aspects of the peritoneal microenvironment, further enhancing its in vivo relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Masiello
- Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY 12203, USA.
| | - Atul Dhall
- Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY 12203, USA.
| | | | - Natalya Tokranova
- Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY 12203, USA.
| | - J Andres Melendez
- Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY 12203, USA.
| | - James Castracane
- Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY 12203, USA.
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70
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Huddle BC, Grimley E, Buchman CD, Chtcherbinine M, Debnath B, Mehta P, Yang K, Morgan CA, Li S, Felton J, Sun D, Mehta G, Neamati N, Buckanovich RJ, Hurley TD, Larsen SD. Structure-Based Optimization of a Novel Class of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1A (ALDH1A) Subfamily-Selective Inhibitors as Potential Adjuncts to Ovarian Cancer Chemotherapy. J Med Chem 2018; 61:8754-8773. [PMID: 30221940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity is commonly used as a marker to identify cancer stem-like cells. The three ALDH1A isoforms have all been individually implicated in cancer stem-like cells and in chemoresistance; however, which isoform is preferentially expressed varies between cell lines. We sought to explore the structural determinants of ALDH1A isoform selectivity in a series of small-molecule inhibitors in support of research into the role of ALDH1A in cancer stem cells. An SAR campaign guided by a cocrystal structure of the HTS hit CM39 (7) with ALDH1A1 afforded first-in-class inhibitors of the ALDH1A subfamily with excellent selectivity over the homologous ALDH2 isoform. We also discovered the first reported modestly selective single isoform 1A2 and 1A3 inhibitors. Two compounds, 13g and 13h, depleted the CD133+ putative cancer stem cell pool, synergized with cisplatin, and achieved efficacious concentrations in vivo following IP administration. Compound 13h additionally synergized with cisplatin in a patient-derived ovarian cancer spheroid model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cameron D Buchman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis , Indiana 46202 , United States
| | - Mikhail Chtcherbinine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis , Indiana 46202 , United States
| | | | - Pooja Mehta
- Department of Materials Science Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Kun Yang
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Cynthia A Morgan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis , Indiana 46202 , United States
| | - Siwei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy ; University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Jeremy Felton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy ; University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Duxin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy ; University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Geeta Mehta
- Department of Materials Science Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States.,Macromolecular Science and Engineering , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | | | - Ronald J Buckanovich
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Thomas D Hurley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis , Indiana 46202 , United States
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71
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Novak C, Horst E, Mehta G. Review: Mechanotransduction in ovarian cancer: Shearing into the unknown. APL Bioeng 2018; 2:031701. [PMID: 31069311 PMCID: PMC6481715 DOI: 10.1063/1.5024386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains a deadly diagnosis with an 85% recurrence rate and a 5-year survival rate of only 46%. The poor outlook of this disease has improved little over the past 50 years owing to the lack of early detection, chemoresistance and the complex tumor microenvironment. Within the peritoneal cavity, the presence of ascites stimulates ovarian tumors with shear stresses. The stiff environment found within the tumor extracellular matrix and the peritoneal membrane are also implicated in the metastatic potential and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of ovarian cancer. Though these mechanical cues remain highly relevant to the understanding and treatment of ovarian cancers, our current knowledge of their biological processes and their clinical relevance is deeply lacking. Seminal studies on ovarian cancer mechanotransduction have demonstrated close ties between mechanotransduction and ovarian cancer chemoresistance, EMT, enhanced cancer stem cell populations, and metastasis. This review summarizes our current understanding of ovarian cancer mechanotransduction and the gaps in knowledge that exist. Future investigations on ovarian cancer mechanotransduction will greatly improve clinical outcomes via systematic studies that determine shear stress magnitude and its influence on ovarian cancer progression, metastasis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caymen Novak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2800,
USA
| | | | - Geeta Mehta
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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72
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Olofsson K, Carannante V, Ohlin M, Frisk T, Kushiro K, Takai M, Lundqvist A, Önfelt B, Wiklund M. Acoustic formation of multicellular tumor spheroids enabling on-chip functional and structural imaging. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:2466-2476. [PMID: 30033460 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00537k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the complex 3D tumor microenvironment is important in cancer research. This microenvironment can be modelled in vitro by culturing multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS). Key challenges when using MCTS in applications such as high-throughput drug screening are overcoming imaging and analytical issues encountered during functional and structural investigations. To address these challenges, we use an ultrasonic standing wave (USW) based MCTS culture platform for parallel formation, staining and imaging of 100 whole MCTS. A protein repellent amphiphilic polymer coating enables flexible production of high quality and unanchored MCTS. This enables high-content multimode analysis based on flow cytometry and in situ optical microscopy. We use HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma, A498 and ACHN renal carcinoma, and LUTC-2 thyroid carcinoma cell lines to demonstrate (i) the importance of the ultrasound-coating combination, (ii) bright field image based automatic characterization of MTCS, (iii) detailed deep tissue confocal imaging of whole MCTS mounted in a refractive index matching solution, and (iv) single cell functional analysis through flow cytometry of single cell suspensions of disintegrated MTCS. The USW MCTS culture platform is customizable and holds great potential for detailed multimode MCTS analysis in a high-content manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Olofsson
- Dep.t of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
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73
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Fluid shear stress impacts ovarian cancer cell viability, subcellular organization, and promotes genomic instability. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194170. [PMID: 29566010 PMCID: PMC5864000 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer cells are exposed to physical stress in the peritoneal cavity during both tumor growth and dissemination. Ascites build-up in metastatic ovarian cancer further increases the exposure to fluid shear stress. Here, we used a murine, in vitro ovarian cancer progression model in parallel with immortalized human cells to investigate how ovarian cancer cells of increasing aggressiveness respond to <1dynecm2 of fluid-induced shear stress. This biophysical stimulus significantly reduced cell viability in all cells exposed, independent of disease stage. Fluid shear stress induced spheroid formation and altered cytoskeleton organization in more tumorigenic cell lines. While benign ovarian cells appeared to survive in higher numbers under the influence of fluid shear stress, they exhibited severe morphological changes and chromosomal instability. These results suggest that exposure of benign cells to low magnitude fluid shear stress can induce phenotypic changes that are associated with transformation and ovarian cancer progression. Moreover, exposure of tumorigenic cells to fluid shear stress enhanced anchorage-independent survival, suggesting a role in promoting invasion and metastasis.
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74
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Hoarau-Véchot J, Rafii A, Touboul C, Pasquier J. Halfway between 2D and Animal Models: Are 3D Cultures the Ideal Tool to Study Cancer-Microenvironment Interactions? Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010181. [PMID: 29346265 PMCID: PMC5796130 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An area that has come to be of tremendous interest in tumor research in the last decade is the role of the microenvironment in the biology of neoplastic diseases. The tumor microenvironment (TME) comprises various cells that are collectively important for normal tissue homeostasis as well as tumor progression or regression. Seminal studies have demonstrated the role of the dialogue between cancer cells (at many sites) and the cellular component of the microenvironment in tumor progression, metastasis, and resistance to treatment. Using an appropriate system of microenvironment and tumor culture is the first step towards a better understanding of the complex interaction between cancer cells and their surroundings. Three-dimensional (3D) models have been widely described recently. However, while it is claimed that they can bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo, it is sometimes hard to decipher their advantage or limitation compared to classical two-dimensional (2D) cultures, especially given the broad number of techniques used. We present here a comprehensive review of the different 3D methods developed recently, and, secondly, we discuss the pros and cons of 3D culture compared to 2D when studying interactions between cancer cells and their microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Hoarau-Véchot
- Stem Cell and Microenvironment Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar.
| | - Arash Rafii
- Stem Cell and Microenvironment Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar.
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Cyril Touboul
- UMR INSERM U965, Angiogenèse et Recherche Translationnelle, Hôpital Lariboisière, 49 bd de la Chapelle, 75010 Paris, France.
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique et Médecine de la Reproduction, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Faculté de Médecine de Créteil UPEC, Paris XII, 40 Avenue de Verdun, 94000 Créteil, France.
| | - Jennifer Pasquier
- Stem Cell and Microenvironment Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar.
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
- INSERM U955, Equipe 7, 94000 Créteil, France.
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75
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Mehta P, Novak C, Raghavan S, Ward M, Mehta G. Self-Renewal and CSCs In Vitro Enrichment: Growth as Floating Spheres. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1692:61-75. [PMID: 28986887 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7401-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) are a vital component to the progression and reoccurrence of cancers, making them a primary target of study for both fundamental understanding of cancer biology and the development of effective and targeted treatments. CSCs reside in a complex 3D microenvironment, and the 3D spheroids are an indispensable tool in tumor biology due to their 3D structure and replication of the tumor microenvironment. Within this chapter the methodology for CSC isolation, suspension culture in hanging drop model, and characterization assays for CSC are described. First, the methodology for identifying and isolating CSCs from patient tumors, ascites, or cancer cell lines is described through the use of FACS analysis. Next, a detailed description of 3D hanging drop model for generating CSC spheroids is provided, followed by maintenance and monitoring techniques for extended 3D culture. Analysis methods are described for the quantification of CSC spheroid proliferation and viability tracking, throughout culture by on-plate alamarBlue fluorescence. Additional viability assays are described utilizing confocal microscopy with Live/Dead Viability/Cytotoxicity Kit. The characterization of CSCs populations within spheroids is described through FACS analysis. Further, an immunohistochemistry procedure is described for cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction assessment. Finally, several notes and tips for successful experiments with 3D CSC spheroids on the hanging drop model are provided. These methods are not only applicable to CSCs within a variety of tumor cell types, for not only understanding the fundamental tumor biology, but also for drug screening and development of preclinical chemotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Mehta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA
| | - Caymen Novak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA
| | - Shreya Raghavan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA
| | - Maria Ward
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA
| | - Geeta Mehta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA.
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex (NCRC), 2800 Plymouth Road, Building 28, Room 3044W, Ann Arbor, 48109-2800, MI, USA.
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76
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Raghavan S, Mehta P, Horst EN, Ward MR, Rowley KR, Mehta G. Comparative analysis of tumor spheroid generation techniques for differential in vitro drug toxicity. Oncotarget 2017; 7:16948-61. [PMID: 26918944 PMCID: PMC4941362 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicellular tumor spheroids are powerful in vitro models to perform preclinical chemosensitivity assays. We compare different methodologies to generate tumor spheroids in terms of resultant spheroid morphology, cellular arrangement and chemosensitivity. We used two cancer cell lines (MCF7 and OVCAR8) to generate spheroids using i) hanging drop array plates; ii) liquid overlay on ultra-low attachment plates; iii) liquid overlay on ultra-low attachment plates with rotating mixing (nutator plates). Analysis of spheroid morphometry indicated that cellular compaction was increased in spheroids generated on nutator and hanging drop array plates. Collagen staining also indicated higher compaction and remodeling in tumor spheroids on nutator and hanging drop arrays compared to conventional liquid overlay. Consequently, spheroids generated on nutator or hanging drop plates had increased chemoresistance to cisplatin treatment (20-60% viability) compared to spheroids on ultra low attachment plates (10-20% viability). Lastly, we used a mathematical model to demonstrate minimal changes in oxygen and cisplatin diffusion within experimentally generated spheroids. Our results demonstrate that in vitro methods of tumor spheroid generation result in varied cellular arrangement and chemosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Raghavan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Pooja Mehta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Eric N Horst
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Maria R Ward
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Katelyn R Rowley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Geeta Mehta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.,Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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77
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Tumor Microenvironment and Models of Ovarian Cancer: The 11th Biennial Rivkin Center Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2017; 27:S2-S9. [PMID: 29049091 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000001119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to review the latest research advances on the topics of the ovarian cancer tumor microenvironment and models of ovarian cancer. METHODS In September 2016, a symposium of the leaders in the field of ovarian cancer research was convened to present and discuss current advances and future directions in ovarian cancer research. RESULTS One session was dedicated to Tumor Microenvironment and Models of Ovarian Cancer, and included a keynote presentation from Anil Sood, MD, and an invited oral presentation from David Huntsman, MD. Eight additional oral presentations were selected from abstract submissions. Twenty-nine abstracts were presented in poster format and can be grouped into the categories of stromal cells in the microenvironment, immune cells in the microenvironment, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis, metabolomics, and model systems including spheroids, murine models, and other animal models. CONCLUSIONS Rapid advances continue in our understanding of the influence of the tumor microenvironment on ovarian cancer progression and metastasis. Vascular endothelial cells, stromal cells, and immune cells all modulate epithelial tumor cell biology and therefore serve as potential targets for improved treatment responses either in conjunction with or instead of current treatment modalities. Characterization of the underlying genetic alterations in both the tumor cells and surrounding microenvironment cells enhances our understanding of tumor biology. Model systems including both in vitro and in vivo approaches allow novel advances. Technological advances including sequencing strategies, use of mass spectrometry for metabolomics and other studies, and bioengineering approaches all complement conventional methodologies to push forward our understanding and ultimately the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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78
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Amaral RLF, Miranda M, Marcato PD, Swiech K. Comparative Analysis of 3D Bladder Tumor Spheroids Obtained by Forced Floating and Hanging Drop Methods for Drug Screening. Front Physiol 2017; 8:605. [PMID: 28878686 PMCID: PMC5572239 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cell-based assays using three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures may reflect the antitumor activity of compounds more accurately, since these models reproduce the tumor microenvironment better. Methods: Here, we report a comparative analysis of cell behavior in the two most widely employed methods for 3D spheroid culture, forced floating (Ultra-low Attachment, ULA, plates), and hanging drop (HD) methods, using the RT4 human bladder cancer cell line as a model. The morphology parameters and growth/metabolism of the spheroids generated were first characterized, using four different cell-seeding concentrations (0.5, 1.25, 2.5, and 3.75 × 104 cells/mL), and then, subjected to drug resistance evaluation. Results: Both methods generated spheroids with a smooth surface and round shape in a spheroidization time of about 48 h, regardless of the cell-seeding concentration used. Reduced cell growth and metabolism was observed in 3D cultures compared to two-dimensional (2D) cultures. The optimal range of spheroid diameter (300–500 μm) was obtained using cultures initiated with 0.5 and 1.25 × 104 cells/mL for the ULA method and 2.5 and 3.75 × 104 cells/mL for the HD method. RT4 cells cultured under 3D conditions also exhibited a higher resistance to doxorubicin (IC50 of 1.00 and 0.83 μg/mL for the ULA and HD methods, respectively) compared to 2D cultures (IC50 ranging from 0.39 to 0.43). Conclusions: Comparing the results, we concluded that the forced floating method using ULA plates was considered more suitable and straightforward to generate RT4 spheroids for drug screening/cytotoxicity assays. The results presented here also contribute to the improvement in the standardization of the 3D cultures required for widespread application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robson L F Amaral
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariza Miranda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscyla D Marcato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kamilla Swiech
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
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79
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Raghavan S, Mehta P, Ward MR, Bregenzer ME, Fleck EMA, Tan L, McLean K, Buckanovich RJ, Mehta G. Personalized Medicine-Based Approach to Model Patterns of Chemoresistance and Tumor Recurrence Using Ovarian Cancer Stem Cell Spheroids. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:6934-6945. [PMID: 28814433 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Chemoresistant ovarian cancers grow in suspension within the ascites fluid. To screen the effect of chemotherapeutics and biologics on resistant ovarian cancers with a personalized basis, we developed a 3D hanging drop spheroid platform.Experimental Design: We initiated spheroids with primary aldehyde dehydrogenase-positive (ALDH+) CD133+ ovarian cancer stem cells (OvCSC) from different patient samples and demonstrated that stem cell progeny from harvested spheroids was similar to the primary tumor. OvCSC spheroids were utilized to initiate tumors in immunodeficient mice. Drug responses to cisplatin and ALDH-targeting compound or JAK2 inhibitor determined whether the OvCSC population within the spheroids could be targeted. Cells that escaped therapy were isolated and used to initiate new spheroids and model tumor reemergence in a personalized manner.Results: OvCSC spheroids from different patients exhibited varying and personalized responses to chemotherapeutics. Xenografts were established from OvCSC spheroids, even with a single spheroid. Distinct responses to therapy were observed in distinct primary tumor xenografts similar to those observed in spheroids. Spheroids resistant to cisplatin/ALDH inhibitor therapy had persistent, albeit lower ALDH expression and complete loss of CD133 expression, whereas those resistant to cisplatin/JAK2 inhibitor therapy were enriched for ALDH+ cells.Conclusions: Our 3D hanging drop suspension platform can be used to propagate primary OvCSCs that represent individual patient tumors effectively by differentiating in vitro and initiating tumors in mice. Therefore, our platform can be used to study cancer stem cell biology and model tumor reemergence to identify new targeted therapeutics from an effective personalized medicine standpoint. Clin Cancer Res; 23(22); 6934-45. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Raghavan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Pooja Mehta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Maria R Ward
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Michael E Bregenzer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Elyse M A Fleck
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lijun Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology - Gynecologic Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Karen McLean
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology - Gynecologic Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ronald J Buckanovich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology - Gynecologic Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Geeta Mehta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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80
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Kwakwa KA, Vanderburgh JP, Guelcher SA, Sterling JA. Engineering 3D Models of Tumors and Bone to Understand Tumor-Induced Bone Disease and Improve Treatments. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2017; 15:247-254. [PMID: 28646444 PMCID: PMC5960271 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-017-0385-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bone is a structurally unique microenvironment that presents many challenges for the development of 3D models for studying bone physiology and diseases, including cancer. As researchers continue to investigate the interactions within the bone microenvironment, the development of 3D models of bone has become critical. RECENT FINDINGS 3D models have been developed that replicate some properties of bone, but have not fully reproduced the complex structural and cellular composition of the bone microenvironment. This review will discuss 3D models including polyurethane, silk, and collagen scaffolds that have been developed to study tumor-induced bone disease. In addition, we discuss 3D printing techniques used to better replicate the structure of bone. 3D models that better replicate the bone microenvironment will help researchers better understand the dynamic interactions between tumors and the bone microenvironment, ultimately leading to better models for testing therapeutics and predicting patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin A Kwakwa
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215B Garland Ave, 1235 MRBIV, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Joseph P Vanderburgh
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215B Garland Ave, 1235 MRBIV, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Scott A Guelcher
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215B Garland Ave, 1235 MRBIV, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Julie A Sterling
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215B Garland Ave, 1235 MRBIV, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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81
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Poon A, Zhang Y, Chandrasekaran A, Phanthong P, Schmid B, Nielsen TT, Freude KK. Modeling neurodegenerative diseases with patient-derived induced pluripotent cells: Possibilities and challenges. N Biotechnol 2017; 39:190-198. [PMID: 28579476 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The rising prevalence of progressive neurodegenerative diseases coupled with increasing longevity poses an economic burden at individual and societal levels. There is currently no effective cure for the majority of neurodegenerative diseases and disease-affected tissues from patients have been difficult to obtain for research and drug discovery in pre-clinical settings. While the use of animal models has contributed invaluable mechanistic insights and potential therapeutic targets, the translational value of animal models could be further enhanced when combined with in vitro models derived from patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and isogenic controls generated using CRISPR-Cas9 mediated genome editing. The iPSCs are self-renewable and capable of being differentiated into the cell types affected by the diseases. These in vitro models based on patient-derived iPSCs provide the opportunity to model disease development, uncover novel mechanisms and test potential therapeutics. Here we review findings from iPSC-based modeling of selected neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia and spinocerebellar ataxia. Furthermore, we discuss the possibilities of generating three-dimensional (3D) models using the iPSCs-derived cells and compare their advantages and disadvantages to conventional two-dimensional (2D) models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Poon
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Gronnegaardsvej 7, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Yu Zhang
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Gronnegaardsvej 7, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | - Phetcharat Phanthong
- Stem Cell Research Group, Institute of Molecular Biosciences and Deparment of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Bangkok, Mahidol University, 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Troels T Nielsen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Kristine K Freude
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Gronnegaardsvej 7, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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82
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Salehi F, Behboudi H, Kavoosi G, Ardestani SK. Monitoring ZEO apoptotic potential in 2D and 3D cell cultures and associated spectroscopic evidence on mode of interaction with DNA. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2553. [PMID: 28566685 PMCID: PMC5451462 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02633-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognizing new anticancer compounds to improve Breast cancer treatment seems crucial. Essential oil of Zataria Multiflora (ZEO) is a secondary metabolite with some biological properties, yet underlying cellular and molecular anticancer properties of ZEO is unclear. GC/MS analysis revealed that carvacrol is the major ingredient of the essential oil. ZEO increasingly suppressed viability in MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and T47D Breast cancer cells while nontoxic to L929 normal cells in monolayer cell cultures (2D), whereas MDA-MB-231 multicellular spheroids (3D) were more resistant to inhibition. ZEO significantly induced cell apoptosis confirmed by fluorescent staining, flow cytometry analysis and DNA fragmentation in MDA-MB-231 2D and 3D cell cultures. ZEO increased ROS generation and subsequent loss of ΔΨm, caspase 3 activation and DNA damage which consequently caused G1 and G2/M cell cycle arrest in a dose- and time-dependent manner in 2D. S phase arrest occurred in cell spheroids therefore ZEO possible DNA interaction with gDNA was investigated and revealed ZEO binds DNA via intercalation. Altogether, these data corroborate anticancer properties of ZEO and suggest that cell culture format (2D monolayer vs. 3D spheroid) plays a critical role in drug response and provides new insights into the mechanisms underlying ZEO cytotoxicity effect on Breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Salehi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Behboudi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sussan K Ardestani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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83
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Manoto SL, Houreld N, Hodgkinson N, Abrahamse H. Modes of Cell Death Induced by Photodynamic Therapy Using Zinc Phthalocyanine in Lung Cancer Cells Grown as a Monolayer and Three-Dimensional Multicellular Spheroids. Molecules 2017; 22:E791. [PMID: 28509858 PMCID: PMC6154333 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves interaction of a photosensitizer, light, and molecular oxygen which produces singlet oxygen and subsequent tumour eradication. The development of second generation photosensitizers, such as phthalocyanines, has improved this technology. Customary monolayer cell culture techniques are, unfortunately, too simple to replicate treatment effects in vivo. Multicellular tumour spheroids may provide a better alternative since they mimic aspects of the human tumour environment. This study aimed to profile 84 genes involved in apoptosis following treatment with PDT on lung cancer cells (A549) grown in a monolayer versus three-dimensional multicellular tumour spheroids (250 and 500 μm). Gene expression profiling was performed 24 h post irradiation (680 nm; 5 J/cm²) with zinc sulfophthalocyanine (ZnPcSmix) to determine the genes involved in apoptotic cell death. In the monolayer cells, eight pro-apoptotic genes were upregulated, and two were downregulated. In the multicellular tumour spheroids (250 µm) there was upregulation of only 1 gene while there was downregulation of 56 genes. Apoptosis in the monolayer cultured cells was induced via both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. However, in the multicellular tumour spheroids (250 and 500 µm) the apoptotic pathway that was followed was not conclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sello L Manoto
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
| | - Nicolette Houreld
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
| | - Natasha Hodgkinson
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
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84
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Lei KF, Kao CH, Tsang NM. High throughput and automatic colony formation assay based on impedance measurement technique. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:3271-3277. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0270-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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85
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86
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Sun H, Merrill D, An R, Turek J, Matei D, Nolte DD. Biodynamic imaging for phenotypic profiling of three-dimensional tissue culture. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:16007. [PMID: 28301634 PMCID: PMC5221565 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.1.016007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3-D) tissue culture represents a more biologically relevant environment for testing new drugs compared to conventional two-dimensional cancer cell culture models. Biodynamic imaging is a high-content 3-D optical imaging technology based on low-coherence interferometry and digital holography that uses dynamic speckle as high-content image contrast to probe deep inside 3-D tissue. Speckle contrast is shown to be a scaling function of the acquisition time relative to the persistence time of intracellular transport and hence provides a measure of cellular activity. Cellular responses of 3-D multicellular spheroids to paclitaxel are compared among three different growth techniques: rotating bioreactor (BR), hanging-drop (HD), and nonadherent (U-bottom, UB) plate spheroids, compared with ex vivo living tissues. HD spheroids have the most homogeneous tissue, whereas BR spheroids display large sample-to-sample variability as well as spatial heterogeneity. The responses of BR-grown tumor spheroids to paclitaxel are more similar to those of ex vivo biopsies than the responses of spheroids grown using HD or plate methods. The rate of mitosis inhibition by application of taxol is measured through tissue dynamics spectroscopic imaging, demonstrating the ability to monitor antimitotic chemotherapy. These results illustrate the potential use of low-coherence digital holography for 3-D pharmaceutical screening applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Purdue University, Department of Physics, 525 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Daniel Merrill
- Purdue University, Department of Physics, 525 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ran An
- Animated Dynamics, Inc., 5770 Decatur Boulevard Suite A, Indianapolis, Indiana 46241, United States
| | - John Turek
- Purdue University, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, West Lafayette, 625 Harrison Street, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Daniela Matei
- Northwestern University School of Medicine, 303 East SuperiorChicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - David D. Nolte
- Purdue University, Department of Physics, 525 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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87
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Lei KF, Lin BY, Tsang NM. Real-time and label-free impedimetric analysis of the formation and drug testing of tumor spheroids formed via the liquid overlay technique. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00209b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor spheroids formed via the liquid overlay technique were quantitatively monitored by impedance measurement across the interdigitated electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Fong Lei
- Graduate Institute of Medical Mechatronics
- Chang Gung University
- Taoyuan
- Taiwan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
| | - Bo-Yuan Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Mechatronics
- Chang Gung University
- Taoyuan
- Taiwan
| | - Ngan-Ming Tsang
- Department of Radiation Oncology
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
- Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chang Gung University
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88
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Yue X, Lukowski JK, Weaver EM, Skube SB, Hummon AB. Quantitative Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Comparison of 2D and 3D Colon Cancer Cell Culture Models. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:4265-4276. [PMID: 27696853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell cultures are widely used model systems. Some immortalized cell lines can be grown in either two-dimensional (2D) adherent monolayers or in three-dimensional (3D) multicellular aggregates, or spheroids. Here, the quantitative proteome and phosphoproteome of colon carcinoma HT29 cells cultures in 2D monolayers and 3D spheroids were compared with a stable isotope labeling of amino acids (SILAC) labeling strategy. Two biological replicates from each sample were examined, and notable differences in both the proteome and the phosphoproteome were determined by nanoliquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to assess how growth configuration affects molecular expression. A total of 5867 protein groups, including 2523 phosphoprotein groups and 8733 phosphopeptides were identified in the samples. The Gene Ontology analysis revealed enriched GO terms in the 3D samples for RNA binding, nucleic acid binding, enzyme binding, cytoskeletal protein binding, and histone binding for their molecular functions (MF) and in the process of cell cycle, cytoskeleton organization, and DNA metabolic process for the biological process (BP). The KEGG pathway analysis indicated that 3D cultures are enriched for oxidative phosphorylation pathways, metabolic pathways, peroxisome pathways, and biosynthesis of amino acids. In contrast, analysis of the phosphoproteomes indicated that 3D cultures have decreased phosphorylation correlating with slower growth rates and lower cell-to-extracellular matrix interactions. In sum, these results provide quantitative assessments of the effects on the proteome and phosphoproteome of culturing cells in 2D versus 3D cell culture configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Yue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame , 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jessica K Lukowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame , 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Eric M Weaver
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame , 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Susan B Skube
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame , 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Amanda B Hummon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame , 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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89
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Zhang W, Li C, Baguley BC, Zhou F, Zhou W, Shaw JP, Wang Z, Wu Z, Liu J. Optimization of the formation of embedded multicellular spheroids of MCF-7 cells: How to reliably produce a biomimetic 3D model. Anal Biochem 2016; 515:47-54. [PMID: 27717854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
To obtain a multicellular MCF-7 spheroid model to mimic the three-dimensional (3D) of tumors, the microwell liquid overlay (A) and hanging-drop/agar (B) methods were first compared for their technical parameters. Then a method for embedding spheroids within collagen was optimized. For method A, centrifugation assisted cells form irregular aggregates but not spheroids. For method B, an extended sedimentation period of over 24 h for cell suspensions and increased viscosity of the culture medium using methylcellulose were necessary to harvest a dense and regular cell spheroid. When the number was less than 5000 cells/drop, embedded spheroids showed no tight cores and higher viability than the unembedded. However, above 5000 cells/drop, cellular viability of embedded spheroids was not significantly different from unembedded spheroids and cells invading through the collagen were in a sun-burst pattern with tight cores. Propidium Iodide staining indicated that spheroids had necrotic cores. The doxorubicin cytotoxicity demonstrated that spheroids were less susceptible to DOX than their monolayer cells. A reliable and reproducible method for embedding spheroids using the hanging-drop/agarose method within collagen is described herein. The cell culture model can be used to guide experimental manipulation of 3D cell cultures and to evaluate anticancer drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Caibin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Bruce C Baguley
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Fang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Weisai Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - John P Shaw
- School of Pharmacy, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Zimei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Jianping Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
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90
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Chatzinikolaidou M. Cell spheroids: the new frontiers in in vitro models for cancer drug validation. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1553-1560. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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91
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Adriani G, Pavesi A, Tan AT, Bertoletti A, Thiery JP, Kamm RD. Microfluidic models for adoptive cell-mediated cancer immunotherapies. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1472-1478. [PMID: 27185084 PMCID: PMC5035566 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Current adoptive T cell therapies have shown promising results in clinical trials but need further development as an effective cancer treatment. Here, we discuss how 3D microfluidic tumour models mimicking the tumour microenvironment could help in testing T cell immunotherapies by assessing engineered T cells and identifying combinatorial therapy to improve therapeutic efficacy. We propose that 3D microfluidic systems can be used to screen different patient-specific treatments, thereby reducing the burden of in vivo testing and facilitating the rapid translation of successful T cell cancer immunotherapies to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Adriani
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, BioSyM IRG, 1 Create Way, 138602, Singapore
| | - Andrea Pavesi
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, BioSyM IRG, 1 Create Way, 138602, Singapore
| | - Anthony T Tan
- DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Emerging Infectious Disease Program, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore
| | - Antonio Bertoletti
- DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Emerging Infectious Disease Program, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore
| | - Jean Paul Thiery
- National University of Singapore, Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine MD7, 8 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, BioSyM IRG, 1 Create Way, 138602, Singapore; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 02139 Cambridge, MA, USA.
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92
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Tumor deconstruction as a tool for advanced drug screening and repositioning. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:815-819. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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93
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Regmi S, Jeong JH. Superiority of three-dimensional stem cell clusters over monolayer culture: An archetype to biological application. Macromol Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-016-4107-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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94
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Anajafi T, Scott MD, You S, Yang X, Choi Y, Qian SY, Mallik S. Acridine Orange Conjugated Polymersomes for Simultaneous Nuclear Delivery of Gemcitabine and Doxorubicin to Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:762-71. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Anajafi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ‡Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Michael D. Scott
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ‡Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Seungyong You
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ‡Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ‡Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Yongki Choi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ‡Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Steven Y. Qian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ‡Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Sanku Mallik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ‡Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
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95
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Vadivelu RK, Ooi CH, Yao RQ, Tello Velasquez J, Pastrana E, Diaz-Nido J, Lim F, Ekberg JAK, Nguyen NT, St John JA. Generation of three-dimensional multiple spheroid model of olfactory ensheathing cells using floating liquid marbles. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15083. [PMID: 26462469 PMCID: PMC4604460 DOI: 10.1038/srep15083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a novel protocol for three-dimensional culturing of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), which can be used to understand how OECs interact with other cells in three dimensions. Transplantation of OECs is being trialled for repair of the paralysed spinal cord, with promising but variable results and thus the therapy needs improving. To date, studies of OEC behaviour in a multicellular environment have been hampered by the lack of suitable three-dimensional cell culture models. Here, we exploit the floating liquid marble, a liquid droplet coated with hydrophobic powder and placed on a liquid bath. The presence of the liquid bath increases the humidity and minimises the effect of evaporation. Floating liquid marbles allow the OECs to freely associate and interact to produce OEC spheroids with uniform shapes and sizes. In contrast, a sessile liquid marble on a solid surface suffers from evaporation and the cells aggregate with irregular shapes. We used floating liquid marbles to co-culture OECs with Schwann cells and astrocytes which formed natural structures without the confines of gels or bounding layers. This protocol can be used to determine how OECs and other cell types associate and interact while forming complex cell structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja K Vadivelu
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Chin H Ooi
- QLD Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, 4111, Australia
| | - Rebecca-Qing Yao
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Johana Tello Velasquez
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | | | - Javier Diaz-Nido
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa &CIBERER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Filip Lim
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jenny A K Ekberg
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4000, QLD, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- QLD Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, 4111, Australia
| | - James A St John
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
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