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Madni A, Rehman S, Sultan H, Khan MM, Ahmad F, Raza MR, Rai N, Parveen F. Mechanistic Approaches of Internalization, Subcellular Trafficking, and Cytotoxicity of Nanoparticles for Targeting the Small Intestine. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 22:3. [PMID: 33221968 PMCID: PMC7680634 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01873-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting the small intestine employing nanotechnology has proved to be a more effective way for site-specific drug delivery. The drug targeting to the small intestine can be achieved via nanoparticles for its optimum bioavailability within the systemic circulation. The small intestine is a remarkable candidate for localized drug delivery. The intestine has its unique properties. It has a less harsh environment than the stomach, provides comparatively more retention time, and possesses a greater surface area than other parts of the gastrointestinal tract. This review focuses on elaborating the intestinal barriers and approaches to overcome these barriers for internalizing nanoparticles and adopting different cellular trafficking pathways. We have discussed various factors that contribute to nanocarriers' cellular uptake, including their surface chemistry, surface morphology, and functionalization of nanoparticles. Furthermore, the fate of nanoparticles after their uptake at cellular and subcellular levels is also briefly explained. Finally, we have delineated the strategies that are adopted to determine the cytotoxicity of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asadullah Madni
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
| | - Sadia Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Sultan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Faiz Ahmad
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
| | - M Rafi Raza
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Rai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Farzana Parveen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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Tavakkoli S, Sotoodehnejadnematalahi F, Fathollahi A, Bandehpour M, Haji Molla Hoseini M, Yeganeh F. EL4-derived Exosomes Carry Functional TNF-related Apoptosis-inducing Ligand that are Able to Induce Apoptosis and Necrosis in the Target Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2020; 9:207-215. [PMID: 33274183 PMCID: PMC7703661 DOI: 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.9.3.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes released by tumor cells play critical roles in tumor progression, immune cell suppression, and cancer metastasis. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the exosomes released by EL4 cells carry a functional TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) molecule. Exosomes were harvested from the supernatants of EL4 cell culture, and the shape, size, and identity of EL4-derived exosomes were evaluated by utilizing scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and dot-blot method. The expression of mRNA and TRAIL protein in EL4 cells and EL4-exosomes were investigated using real-time PCR method and dot-blot analysis. Moreover, the effects of EL4-derived exosomes on cell death in a TRAIL-sensitive cell line (4T1) were studied by using flow cytometry (annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining) and fluorescent microscopy analyses (acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining). The results showed that EL4 cells continuously and without the need for stimulation, produce exosomes that carry TRAIL protein. In addition, EL4-derived exosomes were capable to induce apoptosis as well as necrosis in 4T1 cells. It was ultimately revealed that EL4 cells express TRAIL protein and release exosomes containing functional TRAIL. Moreover, the released exosomes were able to induce apoptosis and necrosis in a TRAIL-sensitive cell line. Further studies are needed to reveal the potential roles of tumor-derived exosomes in the pathogenesis of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Tavakkoli
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Anwar Fathollahi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mojgan Bandehpour
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Haji Molla Hoseini
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farshid Yeganeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Arg-substituted VmCT1 analogs reveals promising candidate for the development of new antichagasic agent. Parasitology 2020; 147:1810-1818. [PMID: 33004083 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182020001882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
VmCT1 is an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) isolated from the venom of the scorpion Vaejovis mexicanus with antimicrobial, anticancer and antimalarial activities, which the rational design with Arg-substitution has yielded AMPs with higher antimicrobial activity than VmCT1. Chagas is a neglected tropical disease, becoming the development of new antichagasic agents is urgent. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the antichagasic effect of VmCT1 and three Arg-substituted analogues, as well their action mechanism. Peptides were tested against the epimastigote, trypomastigote, amastigote forms of Trypanossoma cruzi Y strain and against LLC-MK2 mammalian cells. The mechanism of action of these peptides was evaluated by means of flow cytometry and scanning electron microscopy. VmCT1 presented activity against all three forms of T. cruzi, with EC50 against trypomastigote forms of 1.37 μmol L-1 and selectivity index (SI) of 58. [Arg]3-VmCT1, [Arg]7-VmCT1 and [Arg]11-VmCT1 also showed trypanocidal effect, but [Arg]11-VmCT1 had the best effect, being able to decrease the EC50 against trypomastigote forms to 0.8 μmol L-1 and increase SI to 175. Necrosis was cell death pathway of VmCT1, as well [Arg]7-VmCT1 and [Arg]11-VmCT1, such as observed by membrane damage in flow cytometry analyses and scanning-electron-microscopy. In conclusion, [Arg]11-VmCT1 revealed promising as a candidate for new antichagasic therapeutics.
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A Review of the Ethnomedicinal Uses, Biological Activities, and Triterpenoids of Euphorbia Species. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25174019. [PMID: 32899130 PMCID: PMC7504773 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25174019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Euphorbia is one of the largest genera in the spurge family, with diversity in range, distribution, and morphology. The plant species in this genus are widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diseases, ranging from respirational infections, body and skin irritations, digestion complaints, inflammatory infections, body pain, microbial illness, snake or scorpion bites, pregnancy, as well as sensory disorders. Their successes have been attributed to the presence of diverse phytochemicals like polycyclic and macrocyclic diterpenes with various pharmacological properties. As a result, Euphorbia diterpenes are of interest to chemists and biochemists with regard to drug discovery from natural products due to their diverse therapeutic applications as well as their great structural diversity. Other chemical constituents such as triterpenoids have also been reported to possess various pharmacological properties, thus supporting the traditional uses of the Euphorbia species. These triterpenoids can provide potential leads that can be developed into pharmaceutical compounds for a wide range of medicinal applications. However, there are scattered scientific reports about the anticancer activities of these constituents. Harnessing such information could provide a database of bioactive pharmacopeia or targeted scaffolds for drug discovery. Therefore, this review presents an updated and comprehensive summary of the ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, and the anticancer activities of the triterpenoids of Euphorbia species. Most of the reported triterpenoids in this review belong to tirucallane, cycloartanes, lupane, oleanane, ursane, and taraxane subclass. Their anticancer activities varied distinctly with the majority of them exhibiting significant cytotoxic and anticancer activities in vitro. It is, therefore, envisaged that the report on Euphorbia triterpenoids with interesting anticancer activities will form a database of potential leads or scaffolds that could be advanced into the clinical trials with regard to drug discovery.
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Amiresmaili S, Khaksari M, Shahrokhi N, Abolhassani M. Evolution of TLR4 role in mediating the hepatoprotective effects of estradiol after traumatic brain injury in male rats. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 178:114044. [PMID: 32445868 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have shown that 17β-estradiol (E2) exerted beneficial effects on liver disease, and it has a protective impact on brain damage after traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI-induced liver injury is associated with the activation of TLR4. However, it remains unknown whether E2 can modulate TBI-induced liver injury through TLR4. The objective of this study was to determine the role of TLR4 in hepatoprotective mechanisms of E2 after TBI. Diffuse TBI induced by the Marmarou model in male rats. TAK-242 as a selective antagonist of TLR4 (3 mg/kg) and E2 (33.3 μg/kg) were injected (i.p) respectively 30 min before and 30 min after TBI. The results showed that E2 and TAK-242 markedly inhibited TBI-induced liver injury, which was characterized by decreased aminotransferase activities, inhibition of the oxidative stress, and reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-17 in the liver. We also found that TBI induced significant upregulation of TLR4 in the liver, with peak expression occurring 24 h after TBI, and that treatment with E2 significantly inhibited the upregulation of TLR4. Also, both classic [Estrogen receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ)] and non-classic (G protein-coupled estrogen receptor GPER) E2 receptors are involved in modulating the expression of TLR4. These results suggested that the hepatoprotective effects of estradiol after TBI may be mediated via the downregulation expression of TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Amiresmaili
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Physiology, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Neuroscince and Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Centers, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Nader Shahrokhi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Moslem Abolhassani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Placenta-specific 8 limits IFNγ production by CD4 T cells in vitro and promotes establishment of influenza-specific CD8 T cells in vivo. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235706. [PMID: 32639988 PMCID: PMC7343148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
During type 1 immune responses, CD4 T helper 1 (Th1) cells and CD8 T cells are activated via IL-12 and contribute to the elimination of intracellular pathogens through interferon gamma (IFNγ) production. In this study, we identified Placenta-specific 8 (Plac8) as a gene that is uniquely expressed in Th1 CD4 T cells relative to other CD4 T cell subsets and hypothesized that Plac8 may represent a novel therapeutic target in Th1 CD4 T cells. First, we determined that Plac8 mRNA in CD4 T cells was induced following IL-12 stimulation via an indirect route that required new protein synthesis. Upon evaluating the functional relevance of Plac8 expression in Th1 CD4 T cells, we discovered that Plac8 was important for suppressing IFNγ mRNA and protein production by CD4 T cells 24 hours after IL-12 stimulation, however Plac8 did not contribute to pathogenic CD4 T cell function during two models of intestinal inflammation. We also noted relatively high basal expression of Plac8 in CD8 T cells which could be further induced following IL-12 stimulation in CD8 T cells. Furthermore, Plac8 expression was important for establishing an optimal CD8 T cell response against influenza A virus via a T cell-intrinsic manner. Altogether, these results implicate Plac8 as a potential regulator of Th1 CD4 and CD8 T cell responses during Th1 T cell-driven inflammation.
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Methods in isolation and characterization of bovine monocytes and macrophages. Methods 2020; 186:22-41. [PMID: 32622986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages belong to the mononuclear phagocyte system and play important roles in both physiological and pathological processes. The cells belonging to the monocyte/macrophage system are structurally and functionally heterogeneous. Several subsets of monocytes have been previously identified in mammalian blood, generating different subpopulations of macrophages in tissues. Although their distribution and phenotype are similar to their human counterpart, bovine monocytes and macrophages feature differences in both functions and purification procedures. The specific roles that monocytes and macrophages fulfil in several important diseases of bovine species, including among the others tuberculosis and paratuberculosis, brucellosis or the disease related to peripartum, remain still partially elusive. The purpose of this review is to discuss the current knowledge of bovine monocytes and macrophages. We will describe methods for their purification and characterization of their major functions, including chemotaxis, phagocytosis and killing, oxidative burst, apoptosis and necrosis. An overview of the flow cytometry and morphological procedures, including cytology, histology and immunohistochemistry, that are currently utilized to describe monocyte and macrophage main populations and functions is presented as well.
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Mosayebnia M, Hajiramezanali M, Shahhosseini S. Radiolabeled Peptides for Molecular Imaging of Apoptosis. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:7064-7089. [PMID: 32532184 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200612152655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a regulated cell death induced by extrinsic and intrinsic stimulants. Tracking of apoptosis provides an opportunity for the assessment of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases as well as monitoring of cancer therapy at early stages. There are some key mediators in apoptosis cascade, which could be considered as specific targets for delivering imaging or therapeutic agents. The targeted radioisotope-based imaging agents are able to sensitively detect the physiological signal pathways which make them suitable for apoptosis imaging at a single-cell level. Radiopeptides take advantage of both the high sensitivity of nuclear imaging modalities and favorable features of peptide scaffolds. The aim of this study is to review the characteristics of those radiopeptides targeting apoptosis with different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mosayebnia
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Hajiramezanali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Radiopharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Behesti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soraya Shahhosseini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Radiopharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Behesti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Monteiro ML, Lima DB, Menezes RRPPBD, Sampaio TL, Silva BP, Serra Nunes JV, Cavalcanti MM, Morlighem JE, Martins AMC. Antichagasic effect of hemocyanin derived from antimicrobial peptides of penaeus monodon shrimp. Exp Parasitol 2020; 215:107930. [PMID: 32464221 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.107930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, is responsible for the infection of millions of people worldwide and it is a public health problem, without an effective cure. Four fragments with antimicrobial potential from the hemocyanin of Penaeus monodon shrimp were identified using a computer software AMPA. The present study aimed to evaluate the antichagasic effect of these four peptides (Hmc364-382, Hmc666-678, Hmc185-197 and Hmc476-498). The peptides were tested against the epimastigote, trypomastigote and amastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi Y strain (benznidazole-resistant strain) and cytotoxicity in mammalian cells was evaluated against LLC-MK2 lineage cells. Two fragments (Hmc364-382, Hmc666-678) showed activity against the epimastigote and trypomastigote forms and their selectivity index (SI) was calculated. The Hmc364-382 peptide was considered the most promising (SI > 50) one and it was used for further studies, using flow cytometry analyses with specific molecular probes and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Hmc364-382 was able to induce cell death in T. cruzi through necrosis, observed by loss of membrane integrity in flow cytometry analyses and pore formation in SEM. Overall, Hmc364-382 open perspectives to the development of new antichagasic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília Lopes Monteiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Dânya Bandeira Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Tiago Lima Sampaio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Brenna Pinheiro Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - João Victor Serra Nunes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Mariana Maciel Cavalcanti
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Jean-Etienne Morlighem
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Alice Maria Costa Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Freire KA, Torres MDT, Lima DB, Monteiro ML, Bezerra de Menezes RRPP, Martins AMC, Oliveira VX. Wasp venom peptide as a new antichagasic agent. Toxicon 2020; 181:71-78. [PMID: 32360153 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.04.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and affects approximately 10 million people a year worldwide. The only two treatment options, benznidazole and nifurtimox, have low efficacy and high toxicity towards human cells. Mastoporan peptide (MP) a small cationic AMP from the venom of the wasp Polybia paulista has been reported as a potent trypanocidal agent. Thus, we evaluated the antichagasic effect of another AMP from the venom of the same wasp Polybia paulista, polybia-CP (ILGTILGLLSKL-NH2), and investigated its mechanism of action against different stages of the trypanosomal cells life cycle. Polybia-CP was tested against the epimastigote, trypomastigote and amastigote forms of the T. cruzi Y strain (benznidazole-resistant strain) and inhibited the development of these forms. We also assessed the selectivity of the AMP against mammalian cells by exposing LLC-MK2 cells to polybia-CP, the peptide presented a high selectivity index (>106). The mechanism of action of polybia-CP on trypanosomal cells was investigated by flow cytometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and enzymatic assays with T. cruzi GAPDH (tcGAPDH), enzyme that catalyzes the sixth step of glycolysis. Polybia-CP induced phosphatidylserine exposure, it also increased the formation of reactive species of oxigen (ROS) and reduced the transmembrane mitochondrial potential. Polybia-CP also led to cell shrinkage, evidencing apoptotic cell death. We did not observe the inhibition of tcGAPDH or autophagy induction. Altogether, polybia-CP has shown the features of a promising template for the development of new antichagasic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcelo Der Torossian Torres
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, 09210580, Brazil; Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn Institute for Computational Science, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Dânya Bandeira Lima
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60430372, Brazil
| | - Marilia Lopes Monteiro
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60430372, Brazil
| | | | - Alice Maria Costa Martins
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60430372, Brazil
| | - Vani Xavier Oliveira
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, 09210580, Brazil; Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 04044020, Brazil.
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61
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Jiang L, Poon IKH. Methods for monitoring the progression of cell death, cell disassembly and cell clearance. Apoptosis 2020; 24:208-220. [PMID: 30684146 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-018-01511-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cell death through apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis, as well as the clearance of dead cells are crucial biological processes in the human body. Likewise, disassembly of dying cells during apoptosis to generate cell fragments known as apoptotic bodies may also play important roles in regulating cell clearance and intercellular communication. Recent advances in the field have led to the development of new experimental systems to identify cells at different stages of cell death, measure the levels of apoptotic cell disassembly, and monitor the cell clearance process using a range of in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive review of the methods for monitoring the progression of cell death, cell disassembly and cell clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanzhou Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Ivan K H Poon
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
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Liu C, Li Y, Qin X, Yang Z, Luo J, Zhang J, Gray B, Pak KY, Xu X, Cheng J, Zhang Y. Early prediction of tumor response after radiotherapy in combination with cetuximab in nasopharyngeal carcinoma using 99m Tc-duramycin imaging. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109947. [PMID: 32058215 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE 99mTc-duramycin imaging enables specific visualization of cell death qualitatively and quantitatively. This study aimed to investigate the potential of 99mTc-duramycin imaging in the early prediction of the curative effect of radiotherapy in combination with or without cetuximab in a nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) model. METHODS Male BALB/c mice bearing NPC xenografts were randomized into four groups (six mice each group). Group 1 received radiotherapy (RT, 15 Gy/mouse) in combination with cetuximab (CTX, 2 mg/mouse), group 2 received RT (15 Gy/mouse), group 3 was treated using CTX (2 mg/mouse), and group 4, the control group, was treated using a vehicle. 99mTc-duramycin imaging was performed before treatment and 24 h after treatment to evaluate tumor response. Tumor uptake of 99mTc-duramycin was validated ex vivo using γ-counting. Treatment response was further validated by cleaved caspase-3 (CC3) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL). Another four groups were treated parallelly under the same conditions to observe treatment response by tumor volume changes. RESULTS After 24 h treatment, 99mTc-duramycin uptake in the NPC tumor models were significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 (P < 0.05), group 3 (P < 0.05), or group 4 (P < 0.05); the uptake also increased notably in comparison with baseline values (P < 0.05). Compared with group 4, group 2 and group 3 both showed significant 99mTc-duramycin uptake in the tumors (P < 0.05). Although the 99mTc-duramycin uptake of group 2 was moderately higher than group 3, there were no significant differences between these two groups (P >0.05). There was a strong positive correlation between tumor 99mTc-duramycin uptake and CC3 (r = 0.893, p < 0.0001) and TUNEL (r = 0.918, P < 0.0001). Tumor volume decreased remarkably in the RT in combination with CTX group on day 5, in the RT alone group on day 7, and was inhibited on day 8 in the CTX alone group, whereas the tumors grew continuously in the control group. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that RT in combination with CTX treatment significantly improved disease control in a NPC xenograft model compared with monotherapy with either. 99mTc-duramycin imaging might be able to reliably identify response to RT in combination with CTX as early as 24 h after therapy initiation in NPC xenograft models. This might help to isolate non-responding patients in a timely manner and avoid unnecessary side effects in the clinic in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai 201321, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai 201321, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai 201321, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai 201321, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaojia Qin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai 201321, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai 201321, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ziyi Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai 201321, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai 201321, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jianmin Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai 201321, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai 201321, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai 201321, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai 201321, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Brian Gray
- Molecular Targeting Technologies, Inc., West Chester, PA, 19380, USA
| | - Koon Y Pak
- Molecular Targeting Technologies, Inc., West Chester, PA, 19380, USA
| | - Xiaoping Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai 201321, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai 201321, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jingyi Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai 201321, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai 201321, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yingjian Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai 201321, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai 201321, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging Probes, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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63
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Ardon-Dryer K, Mock C, Reyes J, Lahav G. The effect of dust storm particles on single human lung cancer cells. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 181:108891. [PMID: 31740036 PMCID: PMC6982605 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to dust particles during dust storms can lead to respiratory problems, diseases, and even death. The effect of dust particles at the cellular level is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the impact that dust storm particles (Montmorillonite) have on human lung epithelial cells (A549) at the single cell level. Using live-cell imaging, we continuously followed individual cells after exposure to a wide range of concentrations of dust particles. We monitored the growth trajectory of each cell including number and timing of divisions, interaction with the dust particles, as well as time and mechanism of cell death. We found that individual cells show different cellular fates (survival or death) even in response to the same dust concentration. Cells that died interacted with dust particles for longer times, and engulfed more dust particles, compared with surviving cells. While higher dust concentrations reduced viability in a dose-dependent manner, the effect on cell death was non-monotonic, with intermediate dust concentration leading to a larger fraction of dying cells compared to lower and higher concentrations. This non-monotonic relationship was explained by our findings that high dust concentrations inhibit cell proliferation. Using cellular morphological features, supported by immunoblots and proinflammatory cytokines, we determined that apoptosis is the dominant death mechanism at low dust concentrations, while higher dust concentrations activate necrosis. Similar single cell approaches can serve as a baseline for evaluating other aerosol types that will improve our understanding of the health-related consequences of exposure to dust storms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Ardon-Dryer
- Department of System Biology Harvard Medical School Harvard University, 200 Longwood Avenue Warren Alpert Building, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Geosciences, Atmospheric Science Group, Texas Tech University, 3003 15th Street Department of Geosciences, Atmospheric Science Group, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
| | - Caroline Mock
- Department of System Biology Harvard Medical School Harvard University, 200 Longwood Avenue Warren Alpert Building, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jose Reyes
- Department of System Biology Harvard Medical School Harvard University, 200 Longwood Avenue Warren Alpert Building, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Galit Lahav
- Department of System Biology Harvard Medical School Harvard University, 200 Longwood Avenue Warren Alpert Building, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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64
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Leong YQ, Ng KY, Chye SM, Ling APK, Koh RY. Mechanisms of action of amyloid-beta and its precursor protein in neuronal cell death. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:11-30. [PMID: 31811496 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00516-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular senile plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles are the neuropathological findings of the Alzheimer's disease (AD). Based on the amyloid cascade hypothesis, the main component of senile plaques, the amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide, and its derivative called amyloid precursor protein (APP) both have been found to place their central roles in AD development for years. However, the recent therapeutics have yet to reverse or halt this disease. Previous evidence demonstrates that the accumulation of Aβ peptides and APP can exert neurotoxicity and ultimately neuronal cell death. Hence, we discuss the mechanisms of excessive production of Aβ peptides and APP serving as pathophysiologic stimuli for the initiation of various cell signalling pathways including apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis and autophagy which lead to neuronal cell death. Conversely, the activation of such pathways could also result in the abnormal generation of APP and Aβ peptides. An elucidation of actions of APP and its metabolite, Aβ, could be vital in suggesting novel therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qi Leong
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khuen Yen Ng
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Soi Moi Chye
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anna Pick Kiong Ling
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rhun Yian Koh
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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65
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Judd J, Lovas J, Huang GN. Defined factors to reactivate cell cycle activity in adult mouse cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18830. [PMID: 31827131 PMCID: PMC6906479 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult mammalian cardiomyocytes exit the cell cycle during the neonatal period, commensurate with the loss of regenerative capacity in adult mammalian hearts. We established conditions for long-term culture of adult mouse cardiomyocytes that are genetically labeled with fluorescence. This technique permits reliable analyses of proliferation of pre-existing cardiomyocytes without complications from cardiomyocyte marker expression loss due to dedifferentiation or significant contribution from cardiac progenitor cell expansion and differentiation in culture. Using this system, we took a candidate gene approach to screen for fetal-specific proliferative gene programs that can induce proliferation of adult mouse cardiomyocytes. Using pooled gene delivery and subtractive gene elimination, we identified a novel functional interaction between E2f Transcription Factor 2 (E2f2) and Brain Expressed X-Linked (Bex)/Transcription elongation factor A-like (Tceal) superfamily members Bex1 and Tceal8. Specifically, Bex1 and Tceal8 both preserved cell viability during E2f2-induced cell cycle re-entry. Although Tceal8 inhibited E2f2-induced S-phase re-entry, Bex1 facilitated DNA synthesis while inhibiting cell death. In sum, our study provides a valuable method for adult cardiomyocyte proliferation research and suggests that Bex family proteins may function in modulating cell proliferation and death decisions during cardiomyocyte development and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Judd
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Jonathan Lovas
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Guo N Huang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA. .,Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA. .,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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66
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Nirmala JG, Lopus M. Cell death mechanisms in eukaryotes. Cell Biol Toxicol 2019; 36:145-164. [PMID: 31820165 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-019-09496-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Like the organism they constitute, the cells also die in different ways. The death can be predetermined, programmed, and cleanly executed, as in the case of apoptosis, or it can be traumatic, inflammatory, and sudden as many types of necrosis exemplify. Nevertheless, there are a number of cell deaths-some of them bearing a resemblance to apoptosis and/or necrosis, and many, distinct from each-that serve a multitude of roles in either supporting or disrupting the homoeostasis. Apoptosis is coordinated by death ligands, caspases, b-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family proteins, and their downstream effectors. Events that can lead to apoptosis include mitotic catastrophe and anoikis. Necrosis, although it has been considered an abrupt and uncoordinated cell death, has many molecular events associated with it. There are cell death mechanisms that share some standard features with necrosis. These include methuosis, necroptosis, NETosis, pyronecrosis, and pyroptosis. Autophagy, generally a catabolic pathway that operates to ensure cell survival, can also kill the cell through mechanisms such as autosis. Other cell-death mechanisms include entosis, ferroptosis, lysosome-dependent cell death, and parthanatos.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Grace Nirmala
- School of Biological Sciences, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Mumbai, 400098, India
| | - Manu Lopus
- School of Biological Sciences, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Mumbai, 400098, India.
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67
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Fu Z, Fan Q, Zhou Y, Zhao Y, He Z. Elimination of Intracellular Calcium Overload by BAPTA-AM-Loaded Liposomes: A Promising Therapeutic Agent for Acute Liver Failure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:39574-39585. [PMID: 31589019 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, intracellular calcium overload has been shown to induce cell death through multiple signaling pathways. In this study, we used BAPTA-AM, a well-known membrane-permeable Ca2+ chelator, to prevent cell injury by allaying the intracellular calcium overload. We explored the clinical potentials of BAPTA-AM-loaded liposome (BAL) in the treatment of the acute liver failure (ALF) mouse model, which is characterized by severe hepatic necrosis and apoptosis. We discovered that BAL can significantly inhibit D-GalN-induced LO2 cell damage as it increased cell viability by 60% and downregulated the LPS-stimulated inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 macrophages by reversing the morphological change and modulating TNF-α and NF-κB expressions. Through systemic administration, BAL can rapidly accumulate in damaged liver tissue and exhibit excellent treatment effects on the D-GalN/LPS-induced ALF mouse model, including elevation of the survival rate (from 10 to 80%), recovery of normal liver indexes and liver health indicators, improvement of liver blood microcirculation (increased the blood flow volume by 80% and flow rate by 60%), and blood coagulation. The underlying hepatoprotective effect of BAL is presumably based on the antinecrosis and antiapoptosis abilities attributed to its inhibition on oxidative stress, restriction on TNF-α receptor, and mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway by effectively clearing the overloaded intercellular calcium. BAL holds great potential as a new therapeutic strategy for ALF treatment, and its prominent cell rescue ability provides ample opportunities for the treatment of many other diseases that are characterized by rapid and massive cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zailin Fu
- Department of Pharmacy , The First People's Hospital of Yuhang District , Hangzhou 310000 , P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacy , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310000 , P. R. China
| | - Qiaomei Fan
- Department of Pharmacy , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou 310000 , P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacy , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310000 , P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - Yi Zhao
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery and Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53715 , United States
| | - Zhiyu He
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
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68
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Kopečná M, Macháček M, Nováčková A, Paraskevopoulos G, Roh J, Vávrová K. Esters of terpene alcohols as highly potent, reversible, and low toxic skin penetration enhancers. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14617. [PMID: 31601936 PMCID: PMC6787078 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51226-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin penetration/permeation enhancers are compounds that improve (trans)dermal drug delivery. We designed hybrid terpene-amino acid enhancers by conjugating natural terpenes (citronellol, geraniol, nerol, farnesol, linalool, perillyl alcohol, menthol, borneol, carveol) or cinnamyl alcohol with 6-(dimethylamino)hexanoic acid through a biodegradable ester linker. The compounds were screened for their ability to increase the delivery of theophylline and hydrocortisone through and into human skin ex vivo. The citronellyl, bornyl and cinnamyl esters showed exceptional permeation-enhancing properties (enhancement ratios up to 82) while having low cellular toxicities. The barrier function of enhancer-treated skin (assessed by transepidermal water loss and electrical impedance) recovered within 24 h. Infrared spectroscopy suggested that these esters fluidized the stratum corneum lipids. Furthermore, the citronellyl ester increased the epidermal concentration of topically applied cidofovir, which is a potent antiviral and anticancer drug, by 15-fold. In conclusion, citronellyl 6-(dimethylamino)hexanoate is an outstanding enhancer with an advantageous combination of properties, which may improve the delivery of drugs that have a limited ability to cross biological barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kopečná
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Macháček
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Nováčková
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Georgios Paraskevopoulos
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Roh
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Vávrová
- Skin Barrier Research Group, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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69
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Conway GE, He Z, Hutanu AL, Cribaro GP, Manaloto E, Casey A, Traynor D, Milosavljevic V, Howe O, Barcia C, Murray JT, Cullen PJ, Curtin JF. Cold Atmospheric Plasma induces accumulation of lysosomes and caspase-independent cell death in U373MG glioblastoma multiforme cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12891. [PMID: 31501494 PMCID: PMC6733837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Room temperature Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) has shown promising efficacy for the treatment of cancer but the exact mechanisms of action remain unclear. Both apoptosis and necrosis have been implicated as the mode of cell death in various cancer cells. We have previously demonstrated a caspase-independent mechanism of cell death in p53-mutated glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells exposed to plasma. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in caspase-independent cell death induced by plasma treatment. We demonstrate that plasma induces rapid cell death in GBM cells, independent of caspases. Accumulation of vesicles was observed in plasma treated cells that stained positive with acridine orange. Western immunoblotting confirmed that autophagy is not activated following plasma treatment. Acridine orange intensity correlates closely with the lysosomal marker Lyso TrackerTM Deep Red. Further investigation using isosurface visualisation of confocal imaging confirmed that lysosomal accumulation occurs in plasma treated cells. The accumulation of lysosomes was associated with concomitant cell death following plasma treatment. In conclusion, we observed rapid accumulation of acidic vesicles and cell death following CAP treatment in GBM cells. We found no evidence that either apoptosis or autophagy, however, determined that a rapid accumulation of late stage endosomes/lysosomes precedes membrane permeabilisation, mitochondrial membrane depolarisation and caspase independent cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian E Conway
- School of Food Science & Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. .,FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. .,Environmental Sustainability & Health Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. .,In-Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK.
| | - Zhonglei He
- School of Food Science & Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Environmental Sustainability & Health Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ana Lacramioara Hutanu
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - George Paul Cribaro
- Institut de Neurociències & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eline Manaloto
- School of Food Science & Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Environmental Sustainability & Health Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alan Casey
- FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Physics & Clinical & Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Damien Traynor
- FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Vladimir Milosavljevic
- FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Physics & Clinical & Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Orla Howe
- FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Environmental Sustainability & Health Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Biological & Health Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Carlos Barcia
- Institut de Neurociències & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - James T Murray
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrick J Cullen
- School of Food Science & Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Environmental Sustainability & Health Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Darlington, Australia
| | - James F Curtin
- School of Food Science & Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. .,FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. .,Environmental Sustainability & Health Institute, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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70
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Necroptosis signaling in liver diseases: An update. Pharmacol Res 2019; 148:104439. [PMID: 31476369 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The apoptosis alternate cell death pathways are extensively studied in recent years and their significance has been well recognized. With identification of newer cell death pathways, the therapeutic opportunities to modulate cell death have indeed further extended. Necroptosis, among other apoptosis alternate pathways, has been immensely studied recently in different hepatic disease models. Receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIPK1), RIPK3 and mixed lineage kinase domain like (MLKL) seemed to be the key players to mediate necroptosis pathway. Initially, necroptosis seemed to be following the typical pathway. But recently diverse pathways and outcomes have been observed. With recent studies reporting diverse outcomes, the necroptosis signalling has become a lot more interesting and intricate. The typical RIPK1 signalling followed by RIPK3 and MLKL might not always be strictly followed. Although, necroptosis signalling has been intensively investigated in various disease conditions; however, there is still a need to further elaborate and understand the unique scaffolding and kinase properties and other signalling interactions of necroptosis signalling molecules.
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71
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Shan C, Gong YL, Zhuang QQ, Hou YF, Wang SM, Zhu Q, Huang GR, Tao B, Sun LH, Zhao HY, Li ST, Liu JM. Protective effects of β- nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide against motor deficits and dopaminergic neuronal damage in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 94:109670. [PMID: 31220519 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The level of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) decreases in Parkinson's disease (PD), and its reduction has been reported to be involved in many age-associated neurodegenerative pathologies. Thus, we investigated whether NAD replenishment is beneficial in a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced mouse model of PD. Preinjection with NAD in the striatum ameliorated motor deficits and dopaminergic neuronal damage in the substantia nigra and striatum of a mouse model of PD. Moreover, preincubation with NAD protected PC12 cells against the loss of cell viability, morphological damage, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction caused by 6-OHDA. These results add credence to the beneficial role of NAD against parkinsonian neurodegeneration in mouse models of PD, provide evidence for the potential of NAD for the prevention of PD, and suggest that NAD prevents pathological changes in PD via decreasing mitochondrial dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Shan
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases. Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yan-Ling Gong
- Bio-X Institutes, Key laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qian-Qian Zhuang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yan-Fang Hou
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases. Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shu-Min Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases. Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qin Zhu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases. Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Guo-Rui Huang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases. Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Bei Tao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases. Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Li-Hao Sun
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases. Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hong-Yan Zhao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases. Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Sheng-Tian Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Jian-Min Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases. Shanghai 200025, China.
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72
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Alemi A, Sharabiyani MAA, Teymouri E, Sadeghi L. Novel Cu
1‐x
Zn
x
S (x=0,0.01, …, 0.1) Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Spectroscopic Analysis, Photocatalytic and Anticancer Activities. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201901749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdolali Alemi
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of Tabriz Tabriz Iran
| | | | - Elaheh Teymouri
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of Tabriz Tabriz Iran
| | - Leila Sadeghi
- Department of Animal BiologyFaculty of Natural ScienceUniversity of Tabriz Tabriz Iran
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73
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Szpila M, Walewska A, Sabat-Pośpiech D, Strączyńska P, Ishikawa T, Milewski R, Szczepańska K, Ajduk A. Postovulatory ageing modifies sperm-induced Ca 2+ oscillations in mouse oocytes through a conditions-dependent, multi-pathway mechanism. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11859. [PMID: 31413272 PMCID: PMC6694115 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48281-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Postovulatory ageing of mammalian oocytes occurs between their ovulation and fertilization and has been shown to decrease their developmental capabilities. Aged oocytes display numerous abnormalities, including altered Ca2+ signalling. Fertilization-induced Ca2+ oscillations are essential for activation of the embryonic development, therefore maintaining proper Ca2+ homeostasis is crucial for the oocyte quality. In the present paper, we show that the mechanism underlying age-dependent alterations in the pattern of sperm-triggered Ca2+ oscillations is more complex and multifaceted than previously believed. Using time-lapse imaging accompanied by immunostaining and molecular analyses, we found that postovulatory ageing affects the amount of Ca2+ stored in the cell, expression of Ca2+ pump SERCA2, amount of available ATP and distribution of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria in a manner often strongly depending on ageing conditions (in vitro vs. in vivo). Importantly, those changes do not have to be caused by oxidative stress, usually linked with the ageing process, as they occur even if the amount of reactive oxygen species remains low. Instead, our results suggest that aberrations in Ca2+ signalling may be a synergistic result of ageing-related alterations of the cell cycle, cytoskeleton, and mitochondrial functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Szpila
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.,Laboratory of RNA Biology and Functional Genomics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5A, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Walewska
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.,Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteura 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Sabat-Pośpiech
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.,Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Patrycja Strączyńska
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.,School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, pl. Traugutta 2, 41-800, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Takao Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Milewski
- Department of Statistics and Medical Informatics, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szczepańska
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Ajduk
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
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74
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Galíndez-Cerón JD, Jorge RJB, Chavez-Acosta MH, Jorge ARC, Alves NTQ, Prata MMG, Rodrigues FADP, Havt A, Sampaio TL, Martins AMC, Guerrero-Vargas JA, Monteiro HSA, Beltrán-Vidal JT. Renal Alterations Induced by the Venom of Colombian Scorpion Centruroides Margaritatus. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:2049-2057. [PMID: 31364515 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190731143523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scorpion venom causes renal injury and affects vascular ion-channels function. Centruroides margaritatus scorpion is found in Colombia and is frequently the cause of envenomation accidents; however, its renal impact has never been investigated. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of C. margaritatus venom (CmV) on renal parameters using isolated rat kidney and renal cell culture models. METHODS Wistar rats (n = 5, weighing 240-300 g) were first perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution containing 6 g 100 mL-1 bovine serum albumin. After 30 minutes, the kidneys were perfused with CmV to a final concentration of 10 μgmL-1; evaluation was performed by measuring Perfusion Pressure (PP), Renal Vascular Resistance (RVR), Urinary Flow (UF), Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR), and percentage of electrolyte tubular transport. Moreover, kidney histological analyses and cell cytotoxicity in renal tubule epithelial cells (MDCK) and proximal tubular cells (LLC-MK2) were assessed. RESULTS CmV increased PP and RVR 60 min after perfusion. On the other hand, UF, GFR, and the percentages of sodium, potassium and chloride tubular transport decreased after experimental envenomation. UF dropped after 120 min, while GFR and percentage of electrolyte tubular transport diminished after 60, 90 and 120 min. CmV was not toxic to MDCK cell line but reduced the viability of LLC-MK2 cells at concentrations ranging from 6.25 to 200 μgmL-1. Histological analyses disclosed hydropic degeneration, edema, and protein deposits. Flow cytometry disclosed that cell death occurred predominantly by necrosis. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that C. margaritatus venom can trigger renal impairment, mainly in the proximal kidney tubule.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Galíndez-Cerón
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y de la Educación, Grupo de Investigaciones Herpetológicas y Toxinológicas, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
| | - R J B Jorge
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - M H Chavez-Acosta
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y de la Educación, Grupo de Investigaciones Herpetológicas y Toxinológicas, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
| | - A R C Jorge
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - N T Q Alves
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - M M G Prata
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - F A de Paulo Rodrigues
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - A Havt
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - T L Sampaio
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - A M C Martins
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - J A Guerrero-Vargas
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y de la Educación, Grupo de Investigaciones Herpetológicas y Toxinológicas, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
| | - H S A Monteiro
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - J T Beltrán-Vidal
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y de la Educación, Grupo de Investigaciones Herpetológicas y Toxinológicas, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
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75
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Mikhailov A, Sankai Y. Cell penetrating caspase substrates promote survival of the transplanted cells. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:440. [PMID: 31324261 PMCID: PMC6642484 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4480-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Cell survival in critical post-transplantation period is challenged by inflammation, lack of vascularization, and insufficient cell attachment anchoring. Temporally blocking cell death may increase cell survival, but it is important to possess no risks of sustained cell death signal blocking and possible malignant transformations. Regarding apoptotic cell death, multi-micromolar overloading the cell with competitive caspase substrates delays the effects of actual downstream enzyme activation processing. Later, when introduced substrate is consumed, and the caspase activation stimuli may still be present, the apoptotic cell death can proceed normally. Results Here we studied several synthetic peptides comprising from effector caspase activational cleavage sequences fused with various internalization motifs. Designed peptides showed rapid and efficient internalization into cultured neuroblast cells comparing to non-fused cleavage sequences as measured by cytofluorimetry and confirmed by mass spectrometry. Pretreatment with selected peptides protected the cells from several apoptogenic stimuli in vitro, as well as improved survival of syngeneic immortalized Schwann cells during transplantation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Mikhailov
- Center for Cybernics Research, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Yoshiyuki Sankai
- Center for Cybernics Research, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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76
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AAV/BBB-Mediated Gene Transfer of CHIP Attenuates Brain Injury Following Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res 2019; 11:296-309. [PMID: 31325153 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-019-00715-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell death is a hallmark of secondary brain injury following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The E3 ligase CHIP has been reported to play a key role in mediating necroptosis-an important mechanism of cell death after ICH. However, there is currently no evidence supporting a function of CHIP in ICH. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether CHIP plays an essential role in brain injury after ICH. Our findings indicated that CHIP expression was increased in the peri-hematomal area in rat models of ICH. The AAV/BBB viral platform enables non-invasive, widespread, and long-lasting global neural expression of target genes. Treatment with AAV/BBB-CHIP ameliorated brain injury and inhibited neuronal necroptosis and inflammation in wild type (WT) rats following ICH. Furthermore, rats with CHIP deficiency experienced severe brain injury and increased levels of neuronal necroptosis and inflammation relative to their WT counterparts. However, treatment with AAV/BBB-CHIP attenuated the effects of CHIP deficiency after ICH. Collectively, our results demonstrate that CHIP inhibits necroptosis and pathological inflammation following ICH, and that overexpression of CHIP may represent a therapeutic intervention for ICH. Moreover, the AAV/BBB viral platform may provide a novel avenue for the treatment of brain injury.
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77
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Juliano RL, Wang L, Tavares F, Brown EG, James L, Ariyarathna Y, Ming X, Mao C, Suto M. Structure-activity relationships and cellular mechanism of action of small molecules that enhance the delivery of oligonucleotides. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:1601-1613. [PMID: 29361039 PMCID: PMC5829638 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx1320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pharmacological effects of antisense and siRNA oligonucleotides are hindered by the tendency of these molecules to become entrapped in endomembrane compartments thus failing to reach their targets in the cytosol or nucleus. We have previously used high throughput screening to identify small molecules that enhance the escape of oligonucleotides from intracellular membrane compartments and have termed such molecules OECs (oligonucleotide enhancing compounds). Here, we report on the structure-activity relationships of a family of OECs that are analogs of a hit that emerged from our original screen. These studies demonstrate key roles for the lipophilic aromatic groups, the tertiary nitrogen, and the carbamate moiety of the parent compound. We have also investigated the intracellular site of action of the OECs and have shown that activity is due to the release of oligonucleotides from intermediate endosomal compartments rather than from early endosomes or from highly acidic downstream compartments. At high concentrations of OECs toxicity occurs in a manner that is independent of caspases or of lysosomal cathepsins but instead involves increased plasma membrane permeability. Thus, in addition to describing specific characteristics of this family of OECs, the current study provides insights into basic mechanisms of oligonucleotide trafficking and their implications for oligonucleotide delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolph L Juliano
- Initos Pharmaceuticals LLC, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ling Wang
- Initos Pharmaceuticals LLC, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Francis Tavares
- Chemogenics Biopharma, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Edward G Brown
- Chemogenics Biopharma, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Lindsey James
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Xin Ming
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Chengqiong Mao
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Mark Suto
- Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
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78
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Colijn S, Gao S, Ingram KG, Menendez M, Muthukumar V, Silasi-Mansat R, Chmielewska JJ, Hinsdale M, Lupu F, Griffin CT. The NuRD chromatin-remodeling complex enzyme CHD4 prevents hypoxia-induced endothelial Ripk3 transcription and murine embryonic vascular rupture. Cell Death Differ 2019; 27:618-631. [PMID: 31235857 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0376-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiological hypoxia can trigger transcriptional events that influence many developmental processes during mammalian embryogenesis. One way that hypoxia affects transcription is by engaging chromatin-remodeling complexes. We now report that chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 4 (CHD4), an enzyme belonging to the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) chromatin-remodeling complex, is required for transcriptional repression of the receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (Ripk3)-a critical executor of the necroptosis cell death program-in hypoxic murine embryonic endothelial cells. Genetic deletion of Chd4 in murine embryonic endothelial cells in vivo results in upregulation of Ripk3 transcripts and protein prior to vascular rupture and lethality at midgestation, and concomitant deletion of Ripk3 partially rescues these phenotypes. In addition, CHD4 binds to and prevents acetylation of the Ripk3 promoter in cultured endothelial cells grown under hypoxic conditions to prevent excessive Ripk3 transcription. These data demonstrate that excessive RIPK3 is detrimental to embryonic vascular integrity and indicate that CHD4 suppresses Ripk3 transcription when the embryonic environment is particularly hypoxic prior to the establishment of fetal-placental circulation at midgestation. Altogether, this research provides new insights into regulators of Ripk3 transcription and encourages future studies into the mechanism by which excessive RIPK3 damages embryonic blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Colijn
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73190, USA
| | - Siqi Gao
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73190, USA
| | - Kyle G Ingram
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73190, USA.,Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Matthew Menendez
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Vijay Muthukumar
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Robert Silasi-Mansat
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Joanna J Chmielewska
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Myron Hinsdale
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Florea Lupu
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73190, USA
| | - Courtney T Griffin
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA. .,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73190, USA.
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79
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Salem D, Subang R, Pernet E, Divangahi M, Pineau C, Cayrol R, Levine JS, Rauch J. Necroptotic cell binding of β 2 -glycoprotein I provides a potential autoantigenic stimulus in systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunol Cell Biol 2019; 97:799-814. [PMID: 31187539 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by the development of autoantibodies against diverse self-antigens with damage to multiple organs. Immunization with the SLE autoantigen β2 -glycoprotein I (β2 GPI) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a known trigger of necroptosis, induces a murine model of SLE. We hypothesized that necroptotic cells, like apoptotic cells, provide a "scaffold" of cellular self-antigens, but, unlike apoptotic cells, necroptotic cells do so in a proinflammatory and immunogenic context. We demonstrate that β2 GPI indeed binds to necroptotic cells and serves as a target for anti-β2 GPI autoantibodies. We further demonstrate that necroptotic, but not apoptotic, cells promote antigenic presentation of β2 GPI to CD4 T cells by dendritic cells. Finally, we show that β2 GPI/LPS-immunized mice deficient in RIPK3 (receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3) or MLKL (mixed lineage kinase domain like), and consequently unable to undergo necroptosis, have reduced SLE autoantibody production and pathology. RIPK3-/- mice had low levels of SLE autoantibodies and no renal pathology, while MLKL-/- mice produced low levels of SLE autoantibodies initially, but later developed levels comparable with wild type (WT) mice and pathology intermediate to that of WT and RIPK3-/- mice. Serum cytokine levels induced by LPS tended to be lower in RIPK3-/- and MLKL-/- mice than in WT mice, suggesting that impaired proinflammatory cytokine production may impact the initiation of autoantibody production in both strains. Our data suggest that self-antigen (i.e. β2 GPI) presented in the context of necroptosis and proinflammatory signals may be sufficient to overcome immune tolerance and induce SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Salem
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Programme, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rebecca Subang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Programme, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Erwan Pernet
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maziar Divangahi
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christian Pineau
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Programme, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Romain Cayrol
- Department of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jerrold S Levine
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joyce Rauch
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Programme, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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80
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López-Alonso B, Hernáez A, Sarnago H, Naval A, Güemes A, Junquera C, Burdío JM, Castiella T, Monleón E, Gracia-Llanes J, Burdio F, Mejía E, Lucía O. Histopathological and Ultrastructural Changes after Electroporation in Pig Liver Using Parallel-Plate Electrodes and High-Performance Generator. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2647. [PMID: 30804395 PMCID: PMC6389957 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39433-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Irreversible electroporation (IRE) has gained attention as a new non-thermal therapy for ablation with important benefits in terms of homogeneous treatment and fast recovery. In this study, a new concept of high voltage generator is used, enabling irreversible electroporation treatment in large tissue volume using parallel plates. Unlike currently available generators, the proposed versatile structure enables delivering high-voltage high-current pulses. To obtain homogeneous results, 3-cm parallel-plates electrodes have also been designed and implemented. IRE ablation was performed on six female pigs at 2000 V/cm electric field, and the results were analysed after sacrifice three hours, three days and seven days after ablation. Histopathological and ultrastructural studies, including transmission and scanning electron microscopy, were carried out. The developed high-voltage generator has proved to be effective for homogeneous IRE treatment using parallel plates. The destruction of the membrane of the hepatocytes and the alterations of the membranes of the cellular organelles seem incompatible with cell death by apoptosis. Although endothelial cells also die with electroporation, the maintenance of vascular scaffold allows repairing processes to begin from the third day after IRE as long as the blood flow has not been interrupted. This study has opened new direction for IRE using high performance generators and highlighted the importance of taking into account ultrastructural changes after IRE by using electron microscopy analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B López-Alonso
- Department of Electronic Engineering and Communications, University of Zaragoza, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Hernáez
- Hospital Clínico Universitario, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - H Sarnago
- Department of Electronic Engineering and Communications, University of Zaragoza, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Naval
- Department of Electronic Engineering and Communications, University of Zaragoza, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Güemes
- Hospital Clínico Universitario, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - C Junquera
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Health Research Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J M Burdío
- Department of Electronic Engineering and Communications, University of Zaragoza, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - T Castiella
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Health Research Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - E Monleón
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Health Research Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J Gracia-Llanes
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Health Research Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - F Burdio
- Hospital del Mar, 08018, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Mejía
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Health Research Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - O Lucía
- Department of Electronic Engineering and Communications, University of Zaragoza, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain.
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81
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Fujikura T, Yasuda H, Iwakura T, Tsuji T, Anders H. MDM2 inhibitor ameliorates cisplatin-induced nephropathy via NFκΒ signal inhibition. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2019; 7:e00450. [PMID: 30564368 PMCID: PMC6293176 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a platinum-containing chemotherapeutic drug, which is widely used and highly effective. While effective against tumors, its use is limited by severe side effects such as nephrotoxicity and bone marrow suppression. Murine double minute 2 (MDM2) is the E3 ubiquitin ligase of the tumor suppressor gene, p53, and inhibition of MDM2 can suppress tumor cell growth. However, independent of p53, MDM2 acts as a co-transcription factor for nuclear factor-κB (NFκB), whose signaling can be involved in cisplatin-induced tubular injury. We therefore examined the effects of MDM2 inhibitor on cisplatin cytotoxicity. In order to induce acute kidney injury and to investigate MDM2 inhibitory effects, we injected cisplatin into rats with or without the MDM2 inhibitor, DS-5272, and analyzed kidney physiology/histology and NFκB signaling. Serum creatinine was significantly lower in the DS-5272 group than in the vehicle group on day 3 (0.55 ± 0.069 vs 0.70 ± 0.072 mg/dL, P < 0.05). DS-5272 also significantly decreased kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) expression, improved tubular injury, and decreased apoptotic cells. Western blotting showed that cisplatin increased NFκB phosphorylation in kidneys, which was significantly suppressed by DS-5272. In vitro, we treated HEK 293 cells with cisplatin, in the absence or presence of DS-5272, and examined cytotoxicity and NFκB transcriptional activity. DS-5272 co-treatment reduced both cisplatin-induced cell death and NFκB transcriptional activity. Collectively, these findings suggest that DS-5272 can ameliorate cisplatin nephrotoxicity via NFκB signal inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Fujikura
- First Department of MedicineHamamatsu University School of MedicineHamamatsu, ShizuokaJapan
- Renal DivisionMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVKlinikum der Universität MünchenLMU MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Hideo Yasuda
- First Department of MedicineHamamatsu University School of MedicineHamamatsu, ShizuokaJapan
| | - Takamasa Iwakura
- First Department of MedicineHamamatsu University School of MedicineHamamatsu, ShizuokaJapan
- Renal DivisionMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVKlinikum der Universität MünchenLMU MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Takayuki Tsuji
- First Department of MedicineHamamatsu University School of MedicineHamamatsu, ShizuokaJapan
| | - Hans‐J. Anders
- Renal DivisionMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IVKlinikum der Universität MünchenLMU MünchenMunichGermany
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82
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Ma L, Cai L, Jin Q, Liang J, Zhang D, Liu W, Ni Y, Yin Z, Zhang J, Pan K. Evaluation of necrosis avidity of radioiodinated 5-hydroxytryptophan and its potential applications in myocardial infarction imaging. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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83
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Mugnano M, Memmolo P, Miccio L, Grilli S, Merola F, Calabuig A, Bramanti A, Mazzon E, Ferraro P. In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of cadmium by label-free holographic microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201800099. [PMID: 30079614 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Among all environmental pollutants, the toxic heavy metal cadmium is considered as a human carcinogen. Cadmium may induce cell death by apoptosis in various cell types, although the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. In this paper we show how a label-free digital holography (DH)-based technique is able to quantify the evolution of key biophysical parameters of cells during the exposure to cadmium for the first time. Murine embryonic fibroblasts NIH 3T3 are chosen here as cellular model for studying the cadmium effects. The results demonstrate that DH is able to retrieve the temporal evolution of different key parameters such as cell volume, projected area, cell thickness and dry mass, thus providing a full quantitative characterization of the cell physical behaviour during cadmium exposure. Our results show that the label-free character of the technique would allow biologists to perform systematic and reliable studies on cell death process induced by cadmium and we believe that more in general this can be easily extended to others heavy metals, thus avoiding the time-consuming, expensive and invasive label-based procedures used nowadays in the field. In fact, pollution by heavy metals is severe issue that needs rapid and reliable methods to be settled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Mugnano
- Department of Physical Sciences and Technologies of Matter (DSFTM), CNR, Institute of Applied Science & Intelligent Systems (CNR-ISASI), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Pasquale Memmolo
- Department of Physical Sciences and Technologies of Matter (DSFTM), CNR, Institute of Applied Science & Intelligent Systems (CNR-ISASI), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Lisa Miccio
- Department of Physical Sciences and Technologies of Matter (DSFTM), CNR, Institute of Applied Science & Intelligent Systems (CNR-ISASI), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Simonetta Grilli
- Department of Physical Sciences and Technologies of Matter (DSFTM), CNR, Institute of Applied Science & Intelligent Systems (CNR-ISASI), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Merola
- Department of Physical Sciences and Technologies of Matter (DSFTM), CNR, Institute of Applied Science & Intelligent Systems (CNR-ISASI), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Alejandro Calabuig
- Department of Physical Sciences and Technologies of Matter (DSFTM), CNR, Institute of Applied Science & Intelligent Systems (CNR-ISASI), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Alessia Bramanti
- Department of Physical Sciences and Technologies of Matter (DSFTM), CNR, Institute of Applied Science & Intelligent Systems (CNR-ISASI), Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Physical Sciences and Technologies of Matter (DSFTM), IRCCS Centre for Neuroscience Bonino-Pulejo, Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- Department of Physical Sciences and Technologies of Matter (DSFTM), IRCCS Centre for Neuroscience Bonino-Pulejo, Messina, Italy
| | - Pietro Ferraro
- Department of Physical Sciences and Technologies of Matter (DSFTM), CNR, Institute of Applied Science & Intelligent Systems (CNR-ISASI), Pozzuoli, Italy
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84
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Singh VK, Pillai V, Gohil P, Patel SK, Buch L. New binuclear dithiocarbamate complexes [M2-µ2-bis-{(κ2S,S-S2CN(R)CH2CONHC6H4)2CH2}] (M=NiII, CuII, and ZnII): synthesis, characterization, DFT, and in vitro cytotoxic study. J COORD CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2018.1525610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinay K. Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Vineeta Pillai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Prakash Gohil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Shailykumari K. Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
| | - Lipi Buch
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
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85
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Pillai V, Patel SK, Buch L, Singh VK. Binuclear diphenyltin(IV)dithiocarbamate complexes bearing functionalized linkers: Synthesis, spectral characterization, DFT andin vitroanticancer activity. Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vineeta Pillai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; The M. S. University of Baroda; Vadodara 390 002 India
| | - Shailykumari K. Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; The M. S. University of Baroda; Vadodara 390 002 India
| | - Lipi Buch
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science; The M. S. University of Baroda; Vadodara 390 002 India
| | - Vinay K. Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; The M. S. University of Baroda; Vadodara 390 002 India
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86
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Heller S, Maurer GD, Wanka C, Hofmann U, Luger AL, Bruns I, Steinbach JP, Rieger J. Gene Suppression of Transketolase-Like Protein 1 (TKTL1) Sensitizes Glioma Cells to Hypoxia and Ionizing Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082168. [PMID: 30044385 PMCID: PMC6121283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In several tumor entities, transketolase-like protein 1 (TKTL1) has been suggested to promote the nonoxidative part of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and thereby to contribute to a malignant phenotype. However, its role in glioma biology has only been sparsely documented. In the present in vitro study using LNT-229 glioma cells, we analyzed the impact of TKTL1 gene suppression on basic metabolic parameters and on survival following oxygen restriction and ionizing radiation. TKTL1 was induced by hypoxia and by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). Knockdown of TKTL1 via shRNA increased the cells’ demand for glucose, decreased flux through the PPP and promoted cell death under hypoxic conditions. Following irradiation, suppression of TKTL1 expression resulted in elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced clonogenic survival. In summary, our results indicate a role of TKTL1 in the adaptation of tumor cells to oxygen deprivation and in the acquisition of radioresistance. Further studies are necessary to examine whether strategies that antagonize TKTL1 function will be able to restore the sensitivity of glioma cells towards irradiation and antiangiogenic therapies in the more complex in vivo environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Heller
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology and University Cancer Center (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Gabriele D Maurer
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology and University Cancer Center (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Christina Wanka
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology and University Cancer Center (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Ute Hofmann
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Eberhard Karls University, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Anna-Luisa Luger
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology and University Cancer Center (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Ines Bruns
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology and University Cancer Center (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Joachim P Steinbach
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology and University Cancer Center (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Johannes Rieger
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology and University Cancer Center (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Division of Neuro-Oncology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
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87
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Salama MM, El-Naggar DA, Abdel-Rahman RH, Elhak SAG. Toxic Effects of Trichloroethylene on Rat Neuroprogenitor Cells. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:741. [PMID: 30042680 PMCID: PMC6048252 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a common volatile organic solvent which is considered as an ubiquitous environmental pollutant. It is claimed to be a developmental neurotoxicant. Our group evaluated previously its impact on three-dimensional neurospheres in vitro. The current work aims to investigate the neurotoxic effects of a lower concentration of TCE on the same system. To perform the experiment, neural progenitor cells were obtained from the brains of nine newborn rats. Afterward, these cells were cultured in both growth and differentiation media to get the neurospheres. Cell cultures were divided into two groups: group 1 (control), group 2 (exposed to 0.25 μM TCE). Neurospheres were photographed at different durations and assessment of the morphological changes such as proliferation and differentiation of neurospheres was done. In addition, cell viability, apoptosis, and necrosis were analyzed using flow cytometry to clarify the mechanism of involved cytotoxicity. The results revealed that TCE-treated neurospheres showed significantly decreased proliferation on days 7 and 14. These cells failed to show the neurogenic differentiation seen in the neurospheres of the control group. Furthermore, a highly significant decrease in viability and a significant increase in the number of apoptotic cells were observed in the treated cells in comparison to the control group. The present work confirmed that TCE, at very low doses relevant to daily life exposure in humans, caused neurotoxic effects in 3D neurosphere model through the affection of neural proliferation and differentiation as well as disturbance of cell viability and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Salama
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Medical Experimental Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Doaa A El-Naggar
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rania H Abdel-Rahman
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Seham A G Elhak
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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88
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Kaplum V, Ramos AC, Consolaro MEL, Fernandez MA, Ueda-Nakamura T, Dias-Filho BP, Silva SDO, de Mello JCP, Nakamura CV. Proanthocyanidin Polymer-Rich Fraction of Stryphnodendron adstringens Promotes in Vitro and in Vivo Cancer Cell Death via Oxidative Stress. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:694. [PMID: 30018550 PMCID: PMC6037718 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer that affects women, mainly through human papilloma virus (HPV) infection with high-risk HPV16 and HPV18. The present study investigated the in vitro anticancer activity and mechanism of action of a proanthocyanidin polymer-rich fraction of Stryphnodendron adstringens (F2) in cervical cancer cell lines, including HeLa (HPV18-positive), SiHa (HPV16-positive), and C33A (HPV-negative) cells, and also evaluated in vivo anticancer activity. In vitro, cell viability was determined by the MTT assay. Cell migration was determined by the wound healing assay. The mechanism of action was investigated by performing ultrastructural analysis and evaluating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial metabolism, lipoperoxidation, BCL-2 family expression, caspase expression, and DNA and cell membrane integrity. In vivo activity was evaluated using the murine Ehrlich solid tumor model. F2 time- and dose-dependently reduced cell viability and significantly inhibited the migration of cervical cancer cells. HeLa and SiHa cells treated with F2 (IC50) exhibited intense oxidative stress (i.e., increase in ROS and decrease in antioxidant species) and mitochondrial damage (i.e., mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization and a reduction of intracellular levels of adenosine triphosphate). Increases in the Bax/BCL-2 ratio and caspase 9 and caspase 3 expression, were observed, with DNA damage that was sufficient to trigger mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Cell membrane disruption was observed in C33A cells (IC50 and IC90) and HeLa and SiHa cells (IC90), indicating progress to late apoptosis/necrosis. The inhibition of ROS production by N-acetylcysteine significantly suppressed oxidative stress in all three cell lines. In vivo, F2 significantly reduced tumor volume and weight of the Ehrlich solid tumor, and significantly increased lipoperoxidation, indicating that F2 also induces oxidative stress in the in vivo model. These findings indicate that the proanthocyanidin polymer-rich fraction of S. adstringens may be a potential chemotherapeutic candidate for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Kaplum
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Anelise C. Ramos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Marcia E. L. Consolaro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Fisiopatologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Maria A. Fernandez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Tânia Ueda-Nakamura
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Benedito P. Dias-Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Sueli de Oliveira Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - João C. P. de Mello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Celso V. Nakamura
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
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89
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Evaluation of KIM-1 as an early biomarker of snakebite-induced AKI in mice. Toxicon 2018; 151:24-28. [PMID: 29909065 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most important complications of bothropic poisoning and its early identification remains challenging. The nephrotoxicity of Bothrops insularis venom (BinsV) was previously described by our research group. In this study, we continued to evaluate the effect of BinsV on kidney function in mice and LLC-MK2 proximal tubule cells, evaluating KIM-1 protein as an early AKI biomarker. Male Swiss mice were inoculated with BinsV intramuscularly and observed for 24 h in a metabolic cage model. Urine and blood were collected for biochemical analyses and the kidneys were examined for oxide-reducing balance and submitted to histological analysis. LLC-MK2 cells incubated with BinsV were assessed for cell viability and cell death mechanism by flow cytometry. Histological analysis of the kidneys indicated AKI and the oxide-reducing analyses demonstrated a decreasing in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and an increasing on Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. BinsV was cytotoxic to LLC-MK2 and the cytometry analyses suggested necrosis. Within 24 h after the envenomation, urinary creatinine did not increase, but the urinary levels of KIM-1 increased. In conclusion, we found AKI evidence in the kidney tissue and the increase in the KIM-1 levels suggest it can be used as an early AKI biomarker.
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90
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A comparative study of U937 cell size changes during apoptosis initiation by flow cytometry, light scattering, water assay and electronic sizing. Apoptosis 2018; 22:1287-1295. [PMID: 28762188 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-017-1406-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A decrease in flow cytometric forward light scatter (FSC) is commonly interpreted as a sign of apoptotic cell volume decrease (AVD). However, the intensity of light scattering depends not only on the cell size but also on its other characteristics, such as hydration, which may affect the scattering in the opposite way. That makes estimation of AVD by FSC problematic. Here, we aimed to clarify the relationship between light scattering, cell hydration (assayed by buoyant density) and cell size by the Coulter technique. We used human lymphoid cells U937 exposed to staurosporine, etoposide or hypertonic stress as an apoptotic model. An initial increase in FSC was found to occur in apoptotic cells treated with staurosporine and hypertonic solutions; it is accompanied by cell dehydration and is absent in apoptosis caused by etoposide that is consistent with the lack of dehydration in this case. Thus, the effect of dehydration on the scattering signal outweighs the effect of reduction in cell size. The subsequent FSC decrease, which occurred in parallel to accumulation of annexin-positive cells, was similar in apoptosis caused by all three types of inducers. We conclude that an increase, but not a decrease in light scattering, indicates the initial cell volume decrease associated with apoptotic cell dehydration.
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91
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Abstract
When apoptotic cells are not cleared in an efficient and timely manner, they progress to secondary necrosis and lose their membrane integrity. This results in a leakage of immunostimulatory, danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), similar to accidental (or primary) necrosis. However, primary necrosis is a sudden event with an inadvertent release of almost unmodified DAMPs. Secondary necrotic cells, in contrast, have gone through various modifications during the process of apoptosis. Recent research revealed that the molecules released from the cytoplasm or exposed on the cell surface differ between primary necrosis, secondary necrosis, and regulated necrosis such as necroptosis. This review gives an overview of these differences and focusses their effects on the immune response. The implications to human physiology and diseases are manifold and will be discussed in the context of cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sachet
- Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ying Yu Liang
- Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rudolf Oehler
- Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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92
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Soto C, Bergado G, Blanco R, Griñán T, Rodríguez H, Ros U, Pazos F, Lanio ME, Hernández AM, Álvarez C. Sticholysin II-mediated cytotoxicity involves the activation of regulated intracellular responses that anticipates cell death. Biochimie 2018; 148:18-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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93
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Ethanol Extract of Evodia rutaecarpa Attenuates Cell Growth through Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia-1 Cells. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10040523. [PMID: 29690562 PMCID: PMC5946308 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The dried fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa Bentham have been used widely as a herbal medicine for the treatment of inflammatory disorders and abdominal pain. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a nonmalignant disease characterized by overgrowth of prostates. Despite the pharmacological efficacy of the fruits of E. rutaecarpa against various diseases, their effects against BPH have not been reported. Here, we investigated the inhibitory activity of a 70% ethanol extract of E. rutaecarpa (EEER) against BPH, and its underlying mechanisms regarding cell growth of BPH using BPH-1 cells. An in vitro 5α-reductase activity assay showed that EEER exhibited inhibitory activity against 5α-reductase. In BPH-1 cells, EEER treatment inhibited cell viability and reduced the expression of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin D1, and phosphor-ERK1/2 proteins. Moreover, EEER also induced apoptosis, with chromatin condensation, apoptotic bodies, and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Regarding its underlying mechanisms, EEER exacerbated the activation of caspase-8 and caspase-3 in a concentration-dependent manner and eventually caused the cleavage of PARP. Taken together, these data demonstrated that EEER had a potent 5α-reductase inhibitory activity and that EEER treatment in BPH-1 cells inhibited cell viability via caspase-8- and caspase-3-dependent apoptosis. Therefore, EEER may be a potential phytotherapeutic agent for the treatment of BPH.
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95
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Lyu L, Huang LQ, Huang T, Xiang W, Yuan JD, Zhang CH. Cell-penetrating peptide conjugates of gambogic acid enhance the antitumor effect on human bladder cancer EJ cells through ROS-mediated apoptosis. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:743-756. [PMID: 29670331 PMCID: PMC5896666 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s161821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Gambogic acid (GA) is the main active ingredient of resin gamboges and possesses anti-cancer activity toward various human cancer cells. However, clinical application of GA has been limited by its poor aqueous solubility and dose-limiting toxicities. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are widely used to deliver anti-cancer drugs into cancer cells and to enhance the water solubility of drugs. Purpose The object of this study was to synthesize peptide-drug conjugates in which the cell-penetrating peptide TAT (trans-activator of transcription) was conjugated to GA and evaluated the anti-cancer activity of this GA-CPP conjugate (GA-TAT) in EJ bladder cancer cells. Methods GA is built onto the TAT, and the GA-TAT conjugates are cleaved from the solid support and purified via HPLC. The equilibrium solubility of GA-TAT was measured using the shake-flask method. The effects of GA-TAT on EJ cell viability and proliferation were determined by MTT assay, Edu assay and colony formation assay, respectively. After treated with 1.0 μM GA-TAT for 24 h, the apoptosis rate of EJ cells were detected by Acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) assay and flow cytometry assay. The proteins of caspase-3 (processing), caspase-9 (processing), Bcl-2 and Bax were analyzed by Western blotting, and the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was evaluated by a reactive oxygen species assay. Results In contrast to free GA, the solubility of GA-TAT in water was significantly improved. Meanwhile, GA-TAT significantly increased EJ cellular uptake, toxicity and apoptosis. Mechanistic analysis revealed that GA-TAT enhanced the anti-cancer effect of GA against EJ cells through ROS-mediated apoptosis. The results were demonstrated that GA-TAT increased the ROS level in EJ cells, and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC; a well-known ROS scavenger) inhibited GA-TAT-induced ROS generation and apoptosis. Additionally, GA-TAT activated caspase-3 and caspase-9 and down-regulated the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, but these effects were largely rescued by NAC. Conclusion GA-TAT has outstanding potential for promoting tumor apoptosis and exhibits promise for use in bladder cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lyu
- Department of Urology, Wuhan No 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Qi Huang
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan No 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Urology, Wuhan No 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Urology, Wuhan No 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Dong Yuan
- Department of Urology, Wuhan No 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Hua Zhang
- Department of Urology, Wuhan No 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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96
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Will EA, Liu X, Peluso JJ. AG 205, a progesterone receptor membrane component 1 antagonist, ablates progesterone's ability to block oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of human granulosa/luteal cells†. Biol Reprod 2018; 96:843-854. [PMID: 28371915 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present studies were designed to determine whether progesterone (P4)-progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) signaling is able to attenuate the apoptotic effects of oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). To achieve this goal, freshly isolated human granulosa/luteal cells were maintained in culture. After several passages, the cells were treated with H2O2, which induced apoptosis within 2.5 h, while simultaneous treatment with P4 attenuated the apoptotic action of H2O2. AG 205, a PGRMC1 antagonist, eliminated P4's ability to prevent H2O2-induced apoptosis. AG 205 neither affected PGRMC1's cytoplasmic localization nor its interaction with PGRMC2, but appeared to reduce its presence within the nucleus. AG 205 also (1) increased the monomeric and decreased the higher molecular weight forms of PGRMC1 (i.e., dimers/oligomers) and (2) altered the expression of several genes involved in apoptosis. The most dramatic change was an approximate 8-fold increase in Harakiri (Hrk) mRNA. However, AG 205 did not induce apoptosis in the absence of H2O2. Taken together, these observations suggest that the higher molecular weight forms of PGRMC1 likely account in part for PGRMC1's ability to suppress the expression of Hrk. Harakiri is a BH-3 only member of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) family that promotes apoptosis by binding to and antagonizing the antiapoptotic action of BCL2- and BCL2-like proteins. It is likely then that PGRMC1's ability to suppress Hrk is part of the mechanism through which P4-PGRMC1 signaling preserves the viability of human granulosa/luteal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Anspach Will
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.,The Center for Advanced Reproductive Services, Farmington Connecticut, USA
| | - Xiufang Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - John J Peluso
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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97
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Martens S, Goossens V, Devisscher L, Hofmans S, Claeys P, Vuylsteke M, Takahashi N, Augustyns K, Vandenabeele P. RIPK1-dependent cell death: a novel target of the Aurora kinase inhibitor Tozasertib (VX-680). Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:211. [PMID: 29434255 PMCID: PMC5833749 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0245-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Aurora kinase family (Aurora A, B and C) are crucial regulators of several mitotic events, including cytokinesis. Increased expression of these kinases is associated with tumorigenesis and several compounds targeting Aurora kinase are under evaluation in clinical trials (a.o. AT9283, AZD1152, Danusertib, MLN8054). Here, we demonstrate that the pan-Aurora kinase inhibitor Tozasertib (VX-680 and MK-0457) not only causes cytokinesis defects through Aurora kinase inhibition, but is also a potent inhibitor of necroptosis, a cell death process regulated and executed by the RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL signalling axis. Tozasertib’s potency to inhibit RIPK1-dependent necroptosis and to block cytokinesis in cells is in the same concentration range, with an IC50 of 1.06 µM and 0.554 µM, respectively. A structure activity relationship (SAR) analysis of 67 Tozasertib analogues, modified at 4 different positions, allowed the identification of analogues that showed increased specificity for either cytokinesis inhibition or for necroptosis inhibition, reflecting more specific inhibition of Aurora kinase or RIPK1, respectively. These results also suggested that RIPK1 and Aurora kinases are functionally non-interacting targets of Tozasertib and its analogues. Indeed, more specific Aurora kinase inhibitors did not show any effect in necroptosis and Necrostatin-1s treatment did not result in cytokinesis defects, demonstrating that both cellular processes are not interrelated. Finally, Tozasertib inhibited recombinant human RIPK1, human Aurora A and human Aurora B kinase activity, but not RIPK3. The potency ranking of the newly derived Tozasertib analogues and their specificity profile, as observed in cellular assays, coincide with ADP-Glo recombinant kinase activity assays. Overall, we show that Tozasertib not only targets Aurora kinases but also RIPK1 independently, and that we could generate analogues with increased selectivity to RIPK1 or Aurora kinases, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Martens
- Inflammation Research Center (IRC), VIB, Ghent, 9052, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (DBMB), Ghent University, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Vera Goossens
- Inflammation Research Center (IRC), VIB, Ghent, 9052, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (DBMB), Ghent University, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Lars Devisscher
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2610, Belgium
| | - Sam Hofmans
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2610, Belgium
| | - Polien Claeys
- Inflammation Research Center (IRC), VIB, Ghent, 9052, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (DBMB), Ghent University, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Marnik Vuylsteke
- Inflammation Research Center (IRC), VIB, Ghent, 9052, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (DBMB), Ghent University, Ghent, 9052, Belgium.,Gnomixx, Melle, 9090, Belgium
| | - Nozomi Takahashi
- Inflammation Research Center (IRC), VIB, Ghent, 9052, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (DBMB), Ghent University, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Koen Augustyns
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2610, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- Inflammation Research Center (IRC), VIB, Ghent, 9052, Belgium. .,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (DBMB), Ghent University, Ghent, 9052, Belgium.
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98
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Felton JM, Lucas CD, Dorward DA, Duffin R, Kipari T, Vermeren S, Robb CT, MacLeod KG, Serrels B, Schwarze J, Haslett C, Dransfield I, Rossi AG. Mer-mediated eosinophil efferocytosis regulates resolution of allergic airway inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:1884-1893.e6. [PMID: 29428392 PMCID: PMC6281028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Eosinophils play a central role in propagation of allergic diseases, including asthma. Both recruitment and retention of eosinophils regulate pulmonary eosinophilia, but the question of whether alterations in apoptotic cell clearance by phagocytes contributes directly to resolution of allergic airway inflammation remains unexplored. Objectives In this study we investigated the role of the receptor tyrosine kinase Mer in mediating apoptotic eosinophil clearance and allergic airway inflammation resolution in vivo to establish whether apoptotic cell clearance directly affects the resolution of allergic airway inflammation. Methods Alveolar and bone marrow macrophages were used to study Mer-mediated phagocytosis of apoptotic eosinophils. Allergic airway inflammation resolution was modeled in mice by using ovalbumin. Fluorescently labeled apoptotic cells were administered intratracheally or eosinophil apoptosis was driven by administration of dexamethasone to determine apoptotic cell clearance in vivo. Results Inhibition or absence of Mer impaired phagocytosis of apoptotic human and mouse eosinophils by macrophages. Mer-deficient mice showed delayed resolution of ovalbumin-induced allergic airway inflammation, together with increased airway responsiveness to aerosolized methacholine, increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein levels, altered cytokine production, and an excess of uncleared dying eosinophils after dexamethasone treatment. Alveolar macrophage phagocytosis was significantly Mer dependent, with the absence of Mer attenuating apoptotic cell clearance in vivo to enhance inflammation in response to apoptotic cells. Conclusions We demonstrate that Mer-mediated apoptotic cell clearance by phagocytes contributes to resolution of allergic airway inflammation, suggesting that augmenting apoptotic cell clearance is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Felton
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, the Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher D Lucas
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, the Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - David A Dorward
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, the Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rodger Duffin
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, the Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tiina Kipari
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, the Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sonja Vermeren
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, the Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Calum T Robb
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, the Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth G MacLeod
- MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Campus, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Bryan Serrels
- MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Campus, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jürgen Schwarze
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, the Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Haslett
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, the Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Dransfield
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, the Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Adriano G Rossi
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, the Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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99
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Delvaeye T, Wyffels L, Deleye S, Lemeire K, Gonçalves A, Decrock E, Staelens S, Leybaert L, Vandenabeele P, Krysko DV. Noninvasive Whole-Body Imaging of Phosphatidylethanolamine as a Cell Death Marker Using 99mTc-Duramycin During TNF-Induced SIRS. J Nucl Med 2018; 59:1140-1145. [PMID: 29419481 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.205815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is an inflammatory state affecting the whole body. It is associated with the presence of pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines in serum, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF). TNF has multiple effects and leads to cytokine production, leukocyte infiltration, and blood pressure reduction and coagulation, thereby contributing to tissue damage and organ failure. A sterile mouse model of sepsis, TNF-induced SIRS, was used to visualize the temporal and spatial distribution of damage in susceptible tissues during SIRS. For this, a radiopharmaceutical agent, 99mTc-duramycin, that binds to exposed phosphatidylethanolamine on dying cells was longitudinally visualized using SPECT/CT imaging. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were challenged with intravenous injections of murine TNF or vehicle, and necrostatin-1 was used to interfere with cell death. Two hours after vehicle or TNF treatment, mice received 99mTc-duramycin intravenously (35.44 ± 3.80 MBq). Static whole-body 99mTc-duramycin SPECT/CT imaging was performed 2, 4, and 6 h after tracer injection. Tracer uptake in different organs was quantified by volume-of-interest analysis using PMOD software and expressed as SUVmean After the last scan, ex vivo biodistribution was performed to validate the SPECT imaging data. Lastly, terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining was performed to correlate the obtained results to cell death. Results: An increased 99mTc-duramycin uptake was detected in mice injected with TNF, when compared with control mice, in lungs (0.55 ± 0.1 vs. 0.34 ± 0.05), intestine (0.75 ± 0.13 vs. 0.56 ± 0.1), and liver (1.03 ± 0.14 vs. 0.64 ± 0.04) 4 h after TNF and remained significantly elevated until 8 h after TNF. The imaging results were consistent with ex vivo γ-counting results. Significantly increased levels of tissue damage were detected via TUNEL staining in the lungs and intestine of mice injected with TNF. Interestingly, necrostatin-1 pretreatment conferred protection against lethal SIRS and reduced the 99mTc-duramycin uptake in the lungs 8 h after TNF (SUV, 0.32 ± 0.1 vs. 0.51 ± 0.15). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that noninvasive 99mTc-duramycin SPECT imaging can be used to characterize temporal and spatial kinetics of injury and cell death in susceptible tissues during TNF-induced SIRS, making it useful for global, whole-body assessment of tissue damage during diseases associated with inflammation and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinneke Delvaeye
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Physiology Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leonie Wyffels
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Steven Deleye
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Kelly Lemeire
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Amanda Gonçalves
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB BioImaging Core, Ghent, Belgium; and
| | - Elke Decrock
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Staelens
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Luc Leybaert
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dmitri V Krysko
- Anatomy and Embryology Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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100
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Regulation of Tumor Progression by Programmed Necrosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:3537471. [PMID: 29636841 PMCID: PMC5831895 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3537471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rapidly growing malignant tumors frequently encounter hypoxia and nutrient (e.g., glucose) deprivation, which occurs because of insufficient blood supply. This results in necrotic cell death in the core region of solid tumors. Necrotic cells release their cellular cytoplasmic contents into the extracellular space, such as high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), which is a nonhistone nuclear protein, but acts as a proinflammatory and tumor-promoting cytokine when released by necrotic cells. These released molecules recruit immune and inflammatory cells, which exert tumor-promoting activity by inducing angiogenesis, proliferation, and invasion. Development of a necrotic core in cancer patients is also associated with poor prognosis. Conventionally, necrosis has been thought of as an unregulated process, unlike programmed cell death processes like apoptosis and autophagy. Recently, necrosis has been recognized as a programmed cell death, encompassing processes such as oncosis, necroptosis, and others. Metabolic stress-induced necrosis and its regulatory mechanisms have been poorly investigated until recently. Snail and Dlx-2, EMT-inducing transcription factors, are responsible for metabolic stress-induced necrosis in tumors. Snail and Dlx-2 contribute to tumor progression by promoting necrosis and inducing EMT and oncogenic metabolism. Oncogenic metabolism has been shown to play a role(s) in initiating necrosis. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying metabolic stress-induced programmed necrosis that promote tumor progression and aggressiveness.
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