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Zoccali C, Bolignano D, D'Arrigo G, Dekker FW, Fliser D, Heine GH, Jager KJ, Kanbay M, Mallamaci F, Massy Z, Ortiz A, Parati G, Rossignol P, Tripepi G, Vanholder R, Wiecek A, London G. Validity of Vascular Calcification as a Screening Tool and as a Surrogate End Point in Clinical Research. Hypertension 2015; 66:3-9. [PMID: 25966492 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.04801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Zoccali
- From the CNR-IFC Pathophysiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension Unit, Reggio Calabria, Italy (C.Z., D.B., G.D'A., F.M., G.T.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine IV, Saarland University Medical Centre, Homburg/Saar, Germany (D.F., G.H.H.); Department of Medical Informatics, Academic Medical Center, European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA) Registry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (K.J.J.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey (M.K.); Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation Unit and CNR-IFC Clinical Epidemiology, Reggio Calabria, Italy (F.M.); Paris Ile de France Ouest (UVSQ) University, Paris, France (Z.M.); Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo, Madrid, Spain (A.O.); Department of Cardiovascular, Neural, and Metabolic Sciences, S. Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano & University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P.); INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, INSERM U1116, Nancy, France (P.R.); Département de Cardiologie, CHU Nancy, Institut Lorrain du Cœur et des Vaisseaux, Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, France (P.R.); Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (P.R.); INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), French-Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN), Nancy, France (P.R.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, University Hospital Gent, Ghent, Belgium (R.V.); Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland (A.W.); and INSERM U970, Hopital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (G.L.).
| | - Davide Bolignano
- From the CNR-IFC Pathophysiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension Unit, Reggio Calabria, Italy (C.Z., D.B., G.D'A., F.M., G.T.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine IV, Saarland University Medical Centre, Homburg/Saar, Germany (D.F., G.H.H.); Department of Medical Informatics, Academic Medical Center, European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA) Registry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (K.J.J.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey (M.K.); Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation Unit and CNR-IFC Clinical Epidemiology, Reggio Calabria, Italy (F.M.); Paris Ile de France Ouest (UVSQ) University, Paris, France (Z.M.); Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo, Madrid, Spain (A.O.); Department of Cardiovascular, Neural, and Metabolic Sciences, S. Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano & University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P.); INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, INSERM U1116, Nancy, France (P.R.); Département de Cardiologie, CHU Nancy, Institut Lorrain du Cœur et des Vaisseaux, Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, France (P.R.); Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (P.R.); INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), French-Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN), Nancy, France (P.R.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, University Hospital Gent, Ghent, Belgium (R.V.); Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland (A.W.); and INSERM U970, Hopital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (G.L.)
| | - Graziella D'Arrigo
- From the CNR-IFC Pathophysiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension Unit, Reggio Calabria, Italy (C.Z., D.B., G.D'A., F.M., G.T.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine IV, Saarland University Medical Centre, Homburg/Saar, Germany (D.F., G.H.H.); Department of Medical Informatics, Academic Medical Center, European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA) Registry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (K.J.J.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey (M.K.); Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation Unit and CNR-IFC Clinical Epidemiology, Reggio Calabria, Italy (F.M.); Paris Ile de France Ouest (UVSQ) University, Paris, France (Z.M.); Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo, Madrid, Spain (A.O.); Department of Cardiovascular, Neural, and Metabolic Sciences, S. Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano & University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P.); INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, INSERM U1116, Nancy, France (P.R.); Département de Cardiologie, CHU Nancy, Institut Lorrain du Cœur et des Vaisseaux, Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, France (P.R.); Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (P.R.); INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), French-Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN), Nancy, France (P.R.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, University Hospital Gent, Ghent, Belgium (R.V.); Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland (A.W.); and INSERM U970, Hopital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (G.L.)
| | - Friedo W Dekker
- From the CNR-IFC Pathophysiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension Unit, Reggio Calabria, Italy (C.Z., D.B., G.D'A., F.M., G.T.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine IV, Saarland University Medical Centre, Homburg/Saar, Germany (D.F., G.H.H.); Department of Medical Informatics, Academic Medical Center, European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA) Registry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (K.J.J.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey (M.K.); Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation Unit and CNR-IFC Clinical Epidemiology, Reggio Calabria, Italy (F.M.); Paris Ile de France Ouest (UVSQ) University, Paris, France (Z.M.); Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo, Madrid, Spain (A.O.); Department of Cardiovascular, Neural, and Metabolic Sciences, S. Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano & University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P.); INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, INSERM U1116, Nancy, France (P.R.); Département de Cardiologie, CHU Nancy, Institut Lorrain du Cœur et des Vaisseaux, Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, France (P.R.); Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (P.R.); INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), French-Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN), Nancy, France (P.R.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, University Hospital Gent, Ghent, Belgium (R.V.); Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland (A.W.); and INSERM U970, Hopital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (G.L.)
| | - Danilo Fliser
- From the CNR-IFC Pathophysiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension Unit, Reggio Calabria, Italy (C.Z., D.B., G.D'A., F.M., G.T.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine IV, Saarland University Medical Centre, Homburg/Saar, Germany (D.F., G.H.H.); Department of Medical Informatics, Academic Medical Center, European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA) Registry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (K.J.J.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey (M.K.); Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation Unit and CNR-IFC Clinical Epidemiology, Reggio Calabria, Italy (F.M.); Paris Ile de France Ouest (UVSQ) University, Paris, France (Z.M.); Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo, Madrid, Spain (A.O.); Department of Cardiovascular, Neural, and Metabolic Sciences, S. Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano & University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P.); INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, INSERM U1116, Nancy, France (P.R.); Département de Cardiologie, CHU Nancy, Institut Lorrain du Cœur et des Vaisseaux, Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, France (P.R.); Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (P.R.); INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), French-Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN), Nancy, France (P.R.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, University Hospital Gent, Ghent, Belgium (R.V.); Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland (A.W.); and INSERM U970, Hopital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (G.L.)
| | - Gunnar H Heine
- From the CNR-IFC Pathophysiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension Unit, Reggio Calabria, Italy (C.Z., D.B., G.D'A., F.M., G.T.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine IV, Saarland University Medical Centre, Homburg/Saar, Germany (D.F., G.H.H.); Department of Medical Informatics, Academic Medical Center, European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA) Registry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (K.J.J.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey (M.K.); Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation Unit and CNR-IFC Clinical Epidemiology, Reggio Calabria, Italy (F.M.); Paris Ile de France Ouest (UVSQ) University, Paris, France (Z.M.); Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo, Madrid, Spain (A.O.); Department of Cardiovascular, Neural, and Metabolic Sciences, S. Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano & University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P.); INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, INSERM U1116, Nancy, France (P.R.); Département de Cardiologie, CHU Nancy, Institut Lorrain du Cœur et des Vaisseaux, Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, France (P.R.); Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (P.R.); INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), French-Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN), Nancy, France (P.R.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, University Hospital Gent, Ghent, Belgium (R.V.); Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland (A.W.); and INSERM U970, Hopital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (G.L.)
| | - Kitty J Jager
- From the CNR-IFC Pathophysiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension Unit, Reggio Calabria, Italy (C.Z., D.B., G.D'A., F.M., G.T.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine IV, Saarland University Medical Centre, Homburg/Saar, Germany (D.F., G.H.H.); Department of Medical Informatics, Academic Medical Center, European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA) Registry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (K.J.J.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey (M.K.); Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation Unit and CNR-IFC Clinical Epidemiology, Reggio Calabria, Italy (F.M.); Paris Ile de France Ouest (UVSQ) University, Paris, France (Z.M.); Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo, Madrid, Spain (A.O.); Department of Cardiovascular, Neural, and Metabolic Sciences, S. Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano & University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P.); INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, INSERM U1116, Nancy, France (P.R.); Département de Cardiologie, CHU Nancy, Institut Lorrain du Cœur et des Vaisseaux, Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, France (P.R.); Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (P.R.); INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), French-Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN), Nancy, France (P.R.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, University Hospital Gent, Ghent, Belgium (R.V.); Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland (A.W.); and INSERM U970, Hopital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (G.L.)
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- From the CNR-IFC Pathophysiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension Unit, Reggio Calabria, Italy (C.Z., D.B., G.D'A., F.M., G.T.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine IV, Saarland University Medical Centre, Homburg/Saar, Germany (D.F., G.H.H.); Department of Medical Informatics, Academic Medical Center, European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA) Registry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (K.J.J.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey (M.K.); Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation Unit and CNR-IFC Clinical Epidemiology, Reggio Calabria, Italy (F.M.); Paris Ile de France Ouest (UVSQ) University, Paris, France (Z.M.); Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo, Madrid, Spain (A.O.); Department of Cardiovascular, Neural, and Metabolic Sciences, S. Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano & University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P.); INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, INSERM U1116, Nancy, France (P.R.); Département de Cardiologie, CHU Nancy, Institut Lorrain du Cœur et des Vaisseaux, Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, France (P.R.); Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (P.R.); INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), French-Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN), Nancy, France (P.R.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, University Hospital Gent, Ghent, Belgium (R.V.); Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland (A.W.); and INSERM U970, Hopital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (G.L.)
| | - Francesca Mallamaci
- From the CNR-IFC Pathophysiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension Unit, Reggio Calabria, Italy (C.Z., D.B., G.D'A., F.M., G.T.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine IV, Saarland University Medical Centre, Homburg/Saar, Germany (D.F., G.H.H.); Department of Medical Informatics, Academic Medical Center, European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA) Registry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (K.J.J.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey (M.K.); Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation Unit and CNR-IFC Clinical Epidemiology, Reggio Calabria, Italy (F.M.); Paris Ile de France Ouest (UVSQ) University, Paris, France (Z.M.); Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo, Madrid, Spain (A.O.); Department of Cardiovascular, Neural, and Metabolic Sciences, S. Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano & University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P.); INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, INSERM U1116, Nancy, France (P.R.); Département de Cardiologie, CHU Nancy, Institut Lorrain du Cœur et des Vaisseaux, Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, France (P.R.); Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (P.R.); INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), French-Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN), Nancy, France (P.R.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, University Hospital Gent, Ghent, Belgium (R.V.); Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland (A.W.); and INSERM U970, Hopital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (G.L.)
| | - Ziad Massy
- From the CNR-IFC Pathophysiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension Unit, Reggio Calabria, Italy (C.Z., D.B., G.D'A., F.M., G.T.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine IV, Saarland University Medical Centre, Homburg/Saar, Germany (D.F., G.H.H.); Department of Medical Informatics, Academic Medical Center, European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA) Registry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (K.J.J.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey (M.K.); Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation Unit and CNR-IFC Clinical Epidemiology, Reggio Calabria, Italy (F.M.); Paris Ile de France Ouest (UVSQ) University, Paris, France (Z.M.); Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo, Madrid, Spain (A.O.); Department of Cardiovascular, Neural, and Metabolic Sciences, S. Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano & University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P.); INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, INSERM U1116, Nancy, France (P.R.); Département de Cardiologie, CHU Nancy, Institut Lorrain du Cœur et des Vaisseaux, Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, France (P.R.); Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (P.R.); INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), French-Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN), Nancy, France (P.R.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, University Hospital Gent, Ghent, Belgium (R.V.); Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland (A.W.); and INSERM U970, Hopital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (G.L.)
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- From the CNR-IFC Pathophysiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension Unit, Reggio Calabria, Italy (C.Z., D.B., G.D'A., F.M., G.T.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine IV, Saarland University Medical Centre, Homburg/Saar, Germany (D.F., G.H.H.); Department of Medical Informatics, Academic Medical Center, European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA) Registry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (K.J.J.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey (M.K.); Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation Unit and CNR-IFC Clinical Epidemiology, Reggio Calabria, Italy (F.M.); Paris Ile de France Ouest (UVSQ) University, Paris, France (Z.M.); Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo, Madrid, Spain (A.O.); Department of Cardiovascular, Neural, and Metabolic Sciences, S. Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano & University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P.); INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, INSERM U1116, Nancy, France (P.R.); Département de Cardiologie, CHU Nancy, Institut Lorrain du Cœur et des Vaisseaux, Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, France (P.R.); Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (P.R.); INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), French-Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN), Nancy, France (P.R.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, University Hospital Gent, Ghent, Belgium (R.V.); Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland (A.W.); and INSERM U970, Hopital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (G.L.)
| | - Gianfranco Parati
- From the CNR-IFC Pathophysiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension Unit, Reggio Calabria, Italy (C.Z., D.B., G.D'A., F.M., G.T.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine IV, Saarland University Medical Centre, Homburg/Saar, Germany (D.F., G.H.H.); Department of Medical Informatics, Academic Medical Center, European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA) Registry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (K.J.J.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey (M.K.); Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation Unit and CNR-IFC Clinical Epidemiology, Reggio Calabria, Italy (F.M.); Paris Ile de France Ouest (UVSQ) University, Paris, France (Z.M.); Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo, Madrid, Spain (A.O.); Department of Cardiovascular, Neural, and Metabolic Sciences, S. Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano & University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P.); INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, INSERM U1116, Nancy, France (P.R.); Département de Cardiologie, CHU Nancy, Institut Lorrain du Cœur et des Vaisseaux, Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, France (P.R.); Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (P.R.); INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), French-Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN), Nancy, France (P.R.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, University Hospital Gent, Ghent, Belgium (R.V.); Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland (A.W.); and INSERM U970, Hopital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (G.L.)
| | - Patrick Rossignol
- From the CNR-IFC Pathophysiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension Unit, Reggio Calabria, Italy (C.Z., D.B., G.D'A., F.M., G.T.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine IV, Saarland University Medical Centre, Homburg/Saar, Germany (D.F., G.H.H.); Department of Medical Informatics, Academic Medical Center, European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA) Registry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (K.J.J.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey (M.K.); Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation Unit and CNR-IFC Clinical Epidemiology, Reggio Calabria, Italy (F.M.); Paris Ile de France Ouest (UVSQ) University, Paris, France (Z.M.); Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo, Madrid, Spain (A.O.); Department of Cardiovascular, Neural, and Metabolic Sciences, S. Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano & University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P.); INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, INSERM U1116, Nancy, France (P.R.); Département de Cardiologie, CHU Nancy, Institut Lorrain du Cœur et des Vaisseaux, Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, France (P.R.); Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (P.R.); INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), French-Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN), Nancy, France (P.R.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, University Hospital Gent, Ghent, Belgium (R.V.); Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland (A.W.); and INSERM U970, Hopital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (G.L.)
| | - Giovanni Tripepi
- From the CNR-IFC Pathophysiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension Unit, Reggio Calabria, Italy (C.Z., D.B., G.D'A., F.M., G.T.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine IV, Saarland University Medical Centre, Homburg/Saar, Germany (D.F., G.H.H.); Department of Medical Informatics, Academic Medical Center, European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA) Registry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (K.J.J.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey (M.K.); Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation Unit and CNR-IFC Clinical Epidemiology, Reggio Calabria, Italy (F.M.); Paris Ile de France Ouest (UVSQ) University, Paris, France (Z.M.); Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo, Madrid, Spain (A.O.); Department of Cardiovascular, Neural, and Metabolic Sciences, S. Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano & University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P.); INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, INSERM U1116, Nancy, France (P.R.); Département de Cardiologie, CHU Nancy, Institut Lorrain du Cœur et des Vaisseaux, Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, France (P.R.); Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (P.R.); INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), French-Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN), Nancy, France (P.R.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, University Hospital Gent, Ghent, Belgium (R.V.); Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland (A.W.); and INSERM U970, Hopital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (G.L.)
| | - Raymond Vanholder
- From the CNR-IFC Pathophysiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension Unit, Reggio Calabria, Italy (C.Z., D.B., G.D'A., F.M., G.T.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine IV, Saarland University Medical Centre, Homburg/Saar, Germany (D.F., G.H.H.); Department of Medical Informatics, Academic Medical Center, European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA) Registry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (K.J.J.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey (M.K.); Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation Unit and CNR-IFC Clinical Epidemiology, Reggio Calabria, Italy (F.M.); Paris Ile de France Ouest (UVSQ) University, Paris, France (Z.M.); Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo, Madrid, Spain (A.O.); Department of Cardiovascular, Neural, and Metabolic Sciences, S. Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano & University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P.); INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, INSERM U1116, Nancy, France (P.R.); Département de Cardiologie, CHU Nancy, Institut Lorrain du Cœur et des Vaisseaux, Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, France (P.R.); Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (P.R.); INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), French-Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN), Nancy, France (P.R.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, University Hospital Gent, Ghent, Belgium (R.V.); Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland (A.W.); and INSERM U970, Hopital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (G.L.)
| | - Andrzej Wiecek
- From the CNR-IFC Pathophysiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension Unit, Reggio Calabria, Italy (C.Z., D.B., G.D'A., F.M., G.T.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine IV, Saarland University Medical Centre, Homburg/Saar, Germany (D.F., G.H.H.); Department of Medical Informatics, Academic Medical Center, European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA) Registry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (K.J.J.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey (M.K.); Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation Unit and CNR-IFC Clinical Epidemiology, Reggio Calabria, Italy (F.M.); Paris Ile de France Ouest (UVSQ) University, Paris, France (Z.M.); Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo, Madrid, Spain (A.O.); Department of Cardiovascular, Neural, and Metabolic Sciences, S. Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano & University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P.); INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, INSERM U1116, Nancy, France (P.R.); Département de Cardiologie, CHU Nancy, Institut Lorrain du Cœur et des Vaisseaux, Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, France (P.R.); Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (P.R.); INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), French-Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN), Nancy, France (P.R.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, University Hospital Gent, Ghent, Belgium (R.V.); Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland (A.W.); and INSERM U970, Hopital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (G.L.)
| | - Gerard London
- From the CNR-IFC Pathophysiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension Unit, Reggio Calabria, Italy (C.Z., D.B., G.D'A., F.M., G.T.); Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (F.W.D.); Department of Internal Medicine IV, Saarland University Medical Centre, Homburg/Saar, Germany (D.F., G.H.H.); Department of Medical Informatics, Academic Medical Center, European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA) Registry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (K.J.J.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey (M.K.); Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation Unit and CNR-IFC Clinical Epidemiology, Reggio Calabria, Italy (F.M.); Paris Ile de France Ouest (UVSQ) University, Paris, France (Z.M.); Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo, Madrid, Spain (A.O.); Department of Cardiovascular, Neural, and Metabolic Sciences, S. Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano & University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P.); INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, INSERM U1116, Nancy, France (P.R.); Département de Cardiologie, CHU Nancy, Institut Lorrain du Cœur et des Vaisseaux, Vandoeuvre lès Nancy, France (P.R.); Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (P.R.); INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), French-Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (F-CRIN), Nancy, France (P.R.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, University Hospital Gent, Ghent, Belgium (R.V.); Department of Nephrology, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland (A.W.); and INSERM U970, Hopital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (G.L.)
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