51
|
Spurrier J, Shukla AK, McLinden K, Johnson K, Giniger E. Altered expression of the Cdk5 activator-like protein, Cdk5α, causes neurodegeneration, in part by accelerating the rate of aging. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm031161. [PMID: 29469033 PMCID: PMC5897722 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.031161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the greatest risk factor for neurodegeneration, but the connection between the two processes remains opaque. This is in part for want of a rigorous way to define physiological age, as opposed to chronological age. Here, we develop a comprehensive metric for physiological age in Drosophila, based on genome-wide expression profiling. We applied this metric to a model of adult-onset neurodegeneration, increased or decreased expression of the activating subunit of the Cdk5 protein kinase, encoded by the gene Cdk5α, the ortholog of mammalian p35. Cdk5α-mediated degeneration was associated with a 27-150% acceleration of the intrinsic rate of aging, depending on the tissue and genetic manipulation. Gene ontology analysis and direct experimental tests revealed that affected age-associated processes included numerous core phenotypes of neurodegeneration, including enhanced oxidative stress and impaired proteostasis. Taken together, our results suggest that Cdk5α-mediated neurodegeneration results from accelerated aging, in combination with cell-autonomous neuronal insults. These data fundamentally recast our picture of the relationship between neurodegeneration and its most prominent risk factor, natural aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Spurrier
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 02892, USA
- The Johns Hopkins University/National Institutes of Health Graduate Partnership Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 02892, USA
| | - Arvind Kumar Shukla
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 02892, USA
| | - Kristina McLinden
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 02892, USA
| | - Kory Johnson
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 02892, USA
| | - Edward Giniger
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 02892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Kimura T, Sharma G, Ishiguro K, Hisanaga SI. Phospho-Tau Bar Code: Analysis of Phosphoisotypes of Tau and Its Application to Tauopathy. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:44. [PMID: 29467609 PMCID: PMC5808175 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein which regulates the assembly and stability of microtubules in the axons of neurons. Tau is also a major component of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), a pathological hallmark in Alzheimer's disease (AD). A characteristic of AD tau is hyperphosphorylation with more than 40 phosphorylation sites. Aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau are also found in other neurodegenerative diseases which are collectively called tauopathies. Although a large number of studies have been performed on the phosphorylation of AD tau, it is not known if there is disease-specific phosphorylation among tauopathies. This is due to the lack of a proper method for analyzing tau phosphorylation in vivo. Most previous phosphorylation studies were conducted using a range of phosphorylation site-specific antibodies. These studies describe relative changes of different phosphorylation sites, however, it is hard to estimate total, absolute and collective changes in phosphorylation. To overcome these problems, we have recently applied the Phos-Tag technique to the analysis of tau phosphorylation in vitro and in vivo. This method separates tau into many bands during SDS-PAGE depending on its phosphorylation states, creating a bar code appearance. We propose calling this banding pattern of tau the "phospho-tau bar code." In this review article, we describe what is newly discovered regarding tau phosphorylation through the use of the Phos-Tag. We would like to propose its use for the postmortem diagnosis of tauopathy which is presently done by immunostaining diseased brains with anti-phospho-antibodies. While Phos-tag SDS-PAGE, like other biochemical assays, will lose morphological information, it could provide other types of valuable information such as disease-specific phosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taeko Kimura
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Govinda Sharma
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Koichi Ishiguro
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Hisanaga
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Tau Proteins and Tauopathies in Alzheimer’s Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2018; 38:965-980. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0574-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
54
|
Nizynski B, Dzwolak W, Nieznanski K. Amyloidogenesis of Tau protein. Protein Sci 2017; 26:2126-2150. [PMID: 28833749 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The role of microtubule-associated protein Tau in neurodegeneration has been extensively investigated since the discovery of Tau amyloid aggregates in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The process of formation of amyloid fibrils is known as amyloidogenesis and attracts much attention as a potential target in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative conditions linked to protein aggregation. Cerebral deposition of amyloid aggregates of Tau is observed not only in AD but also in numerous other tauopathies and prion diseases. Amyloidogenesis of intrinsically unstructured monomers of Tau can be triggered by mutations in the Tau gene, post-translational modifications, or interactions with polyanionic molecules and aggregation-prone proteins/peptides. The self-assembly of amyloid fibrils of Tau shares a number of characteristic features with amyloidogenesis of other proteins involved in neurodegenerative diseases. For example, in vitro experiments have demonstrated that the nucleation phase, which is the rate-limiting stage of Tau amyloidogenesis, is shortened in the presence of fragmented preformed Tau fibrils acting as aggregation templates ("seeds"). Accordingly, Tau aggregates released by tauopathy-affected neurons can spread the neurodegenerative process in the brain through a prion-like mechanism, originally described for the pathogenic form of prion protein. Moreover, Tau has been shown to form amyloid strains-structurally diverse self-propagating aggregates of potentially various pathological effects, resembling in this respect prion strains. Here, we review the current literature on Tau aggregation and discuss mechanisms of propagation of Tau amyloid in the light of the prion-like paradigm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Nizynski
- College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, 2C Banacha Str, Warsaw, 02-097, Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, 1 Pasteur Str, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Wojciech Dzwolak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, 1 Pasteur Str, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Nieznanski
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Kang SW, Kim SJ, Kim MS. Oxidative stress with tau hyperphosphorylation in memory impaired 1,2-diacetylbenzene-treated mice. Toxicol Lett 2017; 279:53-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.07.892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
56
|
Bhounsule AS, Bhatt LK, Prabhavalkar KS, Oza M. Cyclin dependent kinase 5: A novel avenue for Alzheimer’s disease. Brain Res Bull 2017; 132:28-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
57
|
Zhao ZA, Zhao Y, Ning YL, Yang N, Peng Y, Li P, Chen XY, Liu D, Wang H, Chen X, Bai W, Chen JF, Zhou YG. Adenosine A 2A receptor inactivation alleviates early-onset cognitive dysfunction after traumatic brain injury involving an inhibition of tau hyperphosphorylation. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1123. [PMID: 28485728 PMCID: PMC5534966 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein, and the oligomeric and hyperphosphorylated forms of tau are increased significantly after neurotrauma and considered important factors in mediating cognitive dysfunction. Blockade of adenosine A2A receptors, either by caffeine or gene knockout (KO), alleviates cognitive dysfunction after traumatic brain injury (TBI). We postulated that A2AR activation exacerbates cognitive impairment via promoting tau hyperphosphorylation. Using a mouse model of moderate controlled cortical impact, we showed that TBI induced hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and spatial memory deficiency in the Morris water maze test at 7 days and 4 weeks after TBI. Importantly, pharmacological blockade (A2AR antagonist ZM241385 or non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist caffeine) or genetic inactivation of A2ARs reduced the level of tau phosphorylation at Ser404 and alleviated spatial memory dysfunction. The A2AR control of p-tau is further supported by the observations that a KO of A2AR decreased the activity of the tau phosphorylation kinases, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and protein kinase A (PKA) after TBI, and by that CGS21680 (A2AR agonist) exacerbated okadaic acid-induced tau hyperphosphorylation in cultured primary hippocampal neurons. Lastly, CGS21680-induced neuronal tau hyperphosphorylation and axonal injury were effectively alleviated by individual treatments with ZM241385 (A2AR antagonist), H89 (PKA antagonist) and SB216763 (GSK-3β antagonist), or by the combined treatment with H89 and SB216763. Our findings suggest a novel mechanism whereby A2AR activation triggers cognitive dysfunction by increasing the phosphorylation level of tau protein after TBI and suggest a promising therapeutic and prophylactic strategy by targeting aberrant A2AR signaling via tau phosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z-A Zhao
- Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Y Zhao
- Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Y-L Ning
- Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - N Yang
- Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Y Peng
- Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - P Li
- Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - X-Y Chen
- Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - D Liu
- Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - H Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - X Chen
- Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - W Bai
- Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - J-F Chen
- Department of Neurology and Pharmacology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y-G Zhou
- Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China,Molecular Biology Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn, and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China. E-mail: or
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Jin N, Wu Y, Xu W, Gong CX, Iqbal K, Liu F. C-terminal truncation of GSK-3β enhances its dephosphorylation by PP2A. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:1053-1063. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nana Jin
- Key laboratory of neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education; Co-innovation Center of Regeneration; Nantong University; China
| | - Yue Wu
- Key laboratory of neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education; Co-innovation Center of Regeneration; Nantong University; China
| | - Wen Xu
- Key laboratory of neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education; Co-innovation Center of Regeneration; Nantong University; China
- Department of Neurochemistry; New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities; Staten Island NY USA
| | - Cheng-Xin Gong
- Key laboratory of neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education; Co-innovation Center of Regeneration; Nantong University; China
- Department of Neurochemistry; New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities; Staten Island NY USA
| | - Khalid Iqbal
- Department of Neurochemistry; New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities; Staten Island NY USA
| | - Fei Liu
- Key laboratory of neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education; Co-innovation Center of Regeneration; Nantong University; China
- Department of Neurochemistry; New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities; Staten Island NY USA
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Mushtaq G, Greig NH, Anwar F, Al-Abbasi FA, Zamzami MA, Al-Talhi HA, Kamal MA. Neuroprotective Mechanisms Mediated by CDK5 Inhibition. Curr Pharm Des 2016; 22:527-34. [PMID: 26601962 DOI: 10.2174/1381612822666151124235028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is a proline-directed serine/threonine kinase belonging to the family of cyclin-dependent kinases. In addition to maintaining the neuronal architecture, CDK5 plays an important role in the regulation of synaptic plasticity, neurotransmitter release, neuron migration and neurite outgrowth. Although various reports have shown links between neurodegeneration and deregulation of cyclin-dependent kinases, the specific role of CDK5 inhibition in causing neuroprotection in cases of neuronal insult or in neurodegenerative diseases is not wellunderstood. This article discusses current evidence for the involvement of CDK5 deregulation in neurodegenerative disorders and neurodegeneration associated with stroke through various mechanisms. These include upregulation of cyclin D1 and overactivation of CDK5 mediated neuronal cell death pathways, aberrant hyperphosphorylation of human tau proteins and/or neurofilament proteins, formation of neurofibrillary lesions, excitotoxicity, cytoskeletal disruption, motor neuron death (due to abnormally high levels of CDK5/p25) and colchicine- induced apoptosis in cerebellar granule neurons. A better understanding of the role of CDK5 inhibition in neuroprotective mechanisms will help scientists and researchers to develop selective, safe and efficacious pharmacological inhibitors of CDK5 for therapeutic use against human neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and neuronal loss associated with stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gohar Mushtaq
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National, Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
60
|
Sun X, Ma R, Yao X, Shang X, Wang Q, Wang JZ, Liu G. Concanavalin agglutinin levels are decreased in peripheral blood of Alzheimer's disease patients. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 49:63-72. [PMID: 26444791 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) seriously threatens patients' lives and causes severe burden to the families. Early prevention and treatment can alleviate the development of the disease; therefore it is important to find new effective and non-traumatic biomarkers for early diagnosis. In this study, peripheral blood samples were collected from 24 AD patients and the same number of age- and gender-matched control subjects. Lectin reactive glycosylation levels including beta-D-galactosyl ricinus communis agglutinin 120 (RCA), peanut agglutinin (PNA), concanavalin agglutinin (Con A), alpha-L-fucosyl ulex europeus agglutinin (UEA), dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), and galanthus nivalis (GNL), in the red blood cells of peripheral blood were examined by western blotting. We found that lectin levels were altered with aging and gender; some lectin levels were different between AD patients and the control subjects. Only Con A levels were significantly decreased in AD patients compared to age-matched control subjects. These results suggest that Con A levels in peripheral blood may be a potent diagnostic marker for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuying Sun
- Department of Translational Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.,Department of Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, The School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Ronghong Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xiuqing Yao
- Department of Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, The School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xiaoling Shang
- Department of Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, The School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, The School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, The School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Gongping Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, The School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Austin SA, Katusic ZS. Loss of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Promotes p25 Generation and Tau Phosphorylation in a Murine Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Circ Res 2016; 119:1128-1134. [PMID: 27601478 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Alzheimer's disease has an unknown pathogenesis; however, cardiovascular risk factors are associated with a higher incidence of Alzheimer's disease. A defining feature of endothelial dysfunction induced by cardiovascular risk factors is reduced bioavailable endothelial nitric oxide (NO). We previously demonstrated that endothelial NO acts as an important signaling molecule in neuronal tissue. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the relationship between the loss of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and tau phosphorylation in neuronal tissue. METHODS AND RESULTS We used eNOS knockout (-/-) mice as well as an Alzheimer's disease mouse model, amyloid precursor protein (APP)/PSEN1dE9+/- (PS1) that lacked eNOS (APP/PS1/eNOS-/-) to examine expression of tau kinases and tau phosphorylation. Brain tissue from eNOS-/- mice had statistically higher ratios of p25/p35, indicative of increased cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activity as compared with wild-type (n=8, P<0.05). However, tau phosphorylation was unchanged in eNOS-/- mice (P>0.05). Next, we determined the role of NO in tau pathology in APP/PS1/eNOS-/-. These mice had significantly higher levels of p25, a higher p25/p35 ratio (n=12-14; P<0.05), and significantly higher cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activity (n=4; P<0.001). Importantly, APP/PS1/eNOS-/- mice also had significantly increased tau phosphorylation (n=4-6; P<0.05). No other changes in amyloid pathology, antioxidant pathways, or neuroinflammation were observed in APP/PS1/eNOS-/- mice as compared with APP/PS1 mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggests that loss of endothelial NO plays an important role in the generation of p25 and resulting tau phosphorylation in neuronal tissue. These findings provide important new insights into the molecular mechanisms linking endothelial dysfunction with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Austin
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Zvonimir S Katusic
- From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN.
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Zhang SG, Wang XS, Zhang YD, Di Q, Shi JP, Qian M, Xu LG, Lin XJ, Lu J. Indirubin-3'-monoxime suppresses amyloid-beta-induced apoptosis by inhibiting tau hyperphosphorylation. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:988-93. [PMID: 27482230 PMCID: PMC4962599 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.184500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Indirubin-3′-monoxime is an effective inhibitor of cyclin-dependent protein kinases, and may play an obligate role in neuronal apoptosis in Alzheimer's disease. Here, we found that indirubin-3′-monoxime improved the morphology and increased the survival rate of SH-SY5Y cells exposed to amyloid-beta 25–35 (Aβ25–35), and also suppressed apoptosis by reducing tau phosphorylation at Ser199 and Thr205. Furthermore, indirubin-3′-monoxime inhibited phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). Our results suggest that indirubin-3′-monoxime reduced Aβ25–35-induced apoptosis by suppressing tau hyperphosphorylation via a GSK-3β-mediated mechanism. Indirubin-3′-monoxime is a promising drug candidate for Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Gang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Shan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying-Dong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qing Di
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing-Ping Shi
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Min Qian
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li-Gang Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xing-Jian Lin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Xie S, Jin N, Gu J, Shi J, Sun J, Chu D, Zhang L, Dai C, Gu J, Gong C, Iqbal K, Liu F. O-GlcNAcylation of protein kinase A catalytic subunits enhances its activity: a mechanism linked to learning and memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell 2016; 15:455-64. [PMID: 26840030 PMCID: PMC4854926 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized clinically by memory loss and cognitive decline. Protein kinase A (PKA)‐CREB signaling plays a critical role in learning and memory. It is known that glucose uptake and O‐GlcNAcylation are reduced in AD brain. In this study, we found that PKA catalytic subunits (PKAcs) were posttranslationally modified by O‐linked N‐acetylglucosamine (O‐GlcNAc). O‐GlcNAcylation regulated the subcellular location of PKAcα and PKAcβ and enhanced their kinase activity. Upregulation of O‐GlcNAcylation in metabolically active rat brain slices by O‐(2‐acetamido‐2‐deoxy‐d‐glucopyranosylidenamino) N‐phenylcarbamate (PUGNAc), an inhibitor of N‐acetylglucosaminidase, increased the phosphorylation of tau at the PKA site, Ser214, but not at the non‐PKA site, Thr205. In contrast, in rat and mouse brains, downregulation of O‐GlcNAcylation caused decreases in the phosphorylation of CREB at Ser133 and of tau at Ser214, but not at Thr205. Reduction in O‐GlcNAcylation through intracerebroventricular injection of 6‐diazo‐5‐oxo‐l‐norleucine (DON), the inhibitor of glutamine fructose‐6‐phosphate amidotransferase, suppressed PKA‐CREB signaling and impaired learning and memory in mice. These results indicate that in addition to cAMP and phosphorylation, O‐GlcNAcylation is a novel mechanism that regulates PKA‐CREB signaling. Downregulation of O‐GlcNAcylation suppresses PKA‐CREB signaling and consequently causes learning and memory deficits in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shutao Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration Co‐innovation Center of Neuroregeneration Nantong University Nantong Jiangsu 226001 China
- Department of Neurochemistry Inge Grundke‐Iqbal Research Floor New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities Staten Island New York 10314 USA
| | - Nana Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration Co‐innovation Center of Neuroregeneration Nantong University Nantong Jiangsu 226001 China
- Department of Neurochemistry Inge Grundke‐Iqbal Research Floor New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities Staten Island New York 10314 USA
| | - Jianlan Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration Co‐innovation Center of Neuroregeneration Nantong University Nantong Jiangsu 226001 China
- Department of Neurochemistry Inge Grundke‐Iqbal Research Floor New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities Staten Island New York 10314 USA
| | - Jianhua Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration Co‐innovation Center of Neuroregeneration Nantong University Nantong Jiangsu 226001 China
| | - Jianming Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration Co‐innovation Center of Neuroregeneration Nantong University Nantong Jiangsu 226001 China
| | - Dandan Chu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration Co‐innovation Center of Neuroregeneration Nantong University Nantong Jiangsu 226001 China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Neurochemistry Inge Grundke‐Iqbal Research Floor New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities Staten Island New York 10314 USA
| | - Chun‐ling Dai
- Department of Neurochemistry Inge Grundke‐Iqbal Research Floor New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities Staten Island New York 10314 USA
| | - Jin‐hua Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration Co‐innovation Center of Neuroregeneration Nantong University Nantong Jiangsu 226001 China
| | - Cheng‐Xin Gong
- Department of Neurochemistry Inge Grundke‐Iqbal Research Floor New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities Staten Island New York 10314 USA
| | - Khalid Iqbal
- Department of Neurochemistry Inge Grundke‐Iqbal Research Floor New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities Staten Island New York 10314 USA
| | - Fei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration Co‐innovation Center of Neuroregeneration Nantong University Nantong Jiangsu 226001 China
- Department of Neurochemistry Inge Grundke‐Iqbal Research Floor New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities Staten Island New York 10314 USA
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Halbgebauer S, Nagl M, Klafki H, Haußmann U, Steinacker P, Oeckl P, Kassubek J, Pinkhardt E, Ludolph AC, Soininen H, Herukka SK, Wiltfang J, Otto M. Modified serpinA1 as risk marker for Parkinson's disease dementia: Analysis of baseline data. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26145. [PMID: 27184740 PMCID: PMC4868992 DOI: 10.1038/srep26145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection of dementia in Parkinson disease is a prerequisite for preventive therapeutic approaches. Modified serpinA1 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was suggested as an early biomarker for differentiation between Parkinson patients with (PDD) or without dementia (PD). Within this study we aimed to further explore the diagnostic value of serpinA1. We applied a newly developed nanoscale method for the detection of serpinA1 based on automated capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF). A clinical sample of 102 subjects including neurologically healthy controls (CON), PD and PDD patients was investigated. Seven serpinA1 isoforms of different charge were detected in CSF from all three diagnostic groups. The mean CSF signals of the most acidic serpinA1 isoform differed significantly (p < 0.01) between PDD (n = 29) and PD (n = 37) or CON (n = 36). Patients above the cut-off of 6.4 have a more than six times higher risk for an association with dementia compared to patients below the cut off. We propose this serpinA1 CIEF-immunoassay as a novel tool in predicting cognitive impairment in PD patients and therefore for patient stratification in therapeutic trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hans Klafki
- LVR-Klinikum Essen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ute Haußmann
- LVR-Klinikum Essen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | | | | | - Jan Kassubek
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Hilkka Soininen
- Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sanna-Kaisa Herukka
- Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center (UMG), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Gwak H, Kim S, Dhanasekaran DN, Song YS. Resveratrol triggers ER stress-mediated apoptosis by disrupting N -linked glycosylation of proteins in ovarian cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2016; 371:347-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
66
|
Nagamine S, Yamazaki T, Makioka K, Fujita Y, Ikeda M, Takatama M, Okamoto K, Yokoo H, Ikeda Y. Hypersialylation is a common feature of neurofibrillary tangles and granulovacuolar degenerations in Alzheimer's disease and tauopathy brains. Neuropathology 2015; 36:333-45. [DOI: 10.1111/neup.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shun Nagamine
- Department of Neurology; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Gunma Japan
| | - Tsuneo Yamazaki
- Department of Rehabilitation; Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences; Maebashi Gunma Japan
| | - Kouki Makioka
- Department of Neurology; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Gunma Japan
| | - Yukio Fujita
- Department of Neurology; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Gunma Japan
| | - Masaki Ikeda
- Department of Neurology; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Gunma Japan
| | - Masamitsu Takatama
- Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Koichi Okamoto
- Geriatrics Research Institute and Hospital; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hideaki Yokoo
- Department of Human Pathology; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Gunma Japan
| | - Yoshio Ikeda
- Department of Neurology; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Gunma Japan
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Sun LH, Ban T, Liu CD, Chen QX, Wang X, Yan ML, Hu XL, Su XL, Bao YN, Sun LL, Zhao LJ, Pei SC, Jiang XM, Zong DK, Ai J. Activation of Cdk5/p25 and tau phosphorylation following chronic brain hypoperfusion in rats involves microRNA-195 down-regulation. J Neurochem 2015; 134:1139-51. [PMID: 26118667 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic brain hypoperfusion (CBH) is a common clinical feature of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia, but the underlying molecular mechanism is unclear. Our previous study reported that the down-regulation of microRNA-195 (miR-195) promotes amyloidogenesis via regulation of amyloid precursor protein and β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) expression at the post-transcriptional level in CBH rats with bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (2VO). CBH owing to unilateral common carotid artery occlusion (UCCAO) increases tau phosphorylation levels at multiple phosphorylation sites in the brain, but the molecular mechanism is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether miR-195 could both deregulate amyloid metabolism and indirectly deregulate tau phosphorylation in CBH. We observed that 2VO leads to tau hyperphosphorylation at Ser202/Thr205, Ser262, Thr231, and Ser422 and to the conversion from cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5)/p35 to Cdk5/p25 in rat hippocampi. Endogenous miR-195 was knocked down using over-expression of its antisense molecule (pre-AMO-miR-195) via a lentivirus (lenti-pre-AMO-miR-195); this knockdown increased the tau phosphorylation at Ser202/Thr205, Ser262, Thr231, Ser422, and the Cdk5/p25 activation, but over-expression of miR-195 using lenti-pre-miR-195 decreased the tau phosphorylation and Cdk5/p25 activation. Further in vitro studies demonstrated that miR-195 over-expression prevented tau hyperphosphorylation and Cdk5/p35 activity, which were increased by miR-195 inhibition. A dual luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-195 bound to the Cdk5r1 gene, which encodes p35 protein, in the 3'UTR and inhibited p35 expression. We concluded that tau hyperphosphorylation involves the down-regulation of miR-195, which is mediated by Cdk5/p25 activation in 2VO rats. Our findings demonstrated that down-regulation of miR-195 led to increased vulnerability via the regulation of multiple targets. Schematic diagram of miR-195 mediated Aβ aggregation and tau hyperphosphorylation in chronic brain hypoperfusion (CBH). First, CBH results in the elevation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), which binds with the promoter sequences of miR-195 and negatively regulates the expression of miR-195. Second, down-regulated miR-195 induces up-regulation of APP and BACE1 and leads to an increase in Aβ levels. Third, some of the elevated Aβ then enter the intracellular space and activate calpain, which promotes the conversion of Cdk5/p35 to Cdk5/p25 and catalyzes the degradation of IκB; IκB is an inhibitor of NF-κB, which activates NF-κB. Cdk5/p25 directly phosphorylates Tau. Fourth, down-regulated miR-195 induces an up-regulation of p35, which provides the active substrates of p25. Our findings demonstrated that the down-regulation of miR-195 plays a key role in the increased vulnerability to dementia via the regulation of multiple targets following CBH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Sun
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tao Ban
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Cheng-Di Liu
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qing-Xin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mei-Ling Yan
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xue-Ling Hu
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Su
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ya-Nan Bao
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lin-Lin Sun
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lin-Jing Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shuang-Chao Pei
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xue-Mei Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - De-Kang Zong
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jing Ai
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Jin N, Yin X, Gu J, Zhang X, Shi J, Qian W, Ji Y, Cao M, Gu X, Ding F, Iqbal K, Gong CX, Liu F. Truncation and Activation of Dual Specificity Tyrosine Phosphorylation-regulated Kinase 1A by Calpain I: A MOLECULAR MECHANISM LINKED TO TAU PATHOLOGY IN ALZHEIMER DISEASE. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:15219-37. [PMID: 25918155 PMCID: PMC4463463 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.645507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperphosphorylation and dysregulation of exon 10 splicing of Tau are pivotally involved in pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD) and/or other tauopathies. Alternative splicing of Tau exon 10, which encodes the second microtubule-binding repeat, generates Tau isoforms containing three and four microtubule-binding repeats, termed 3R-Taus and 4R-Taus, respectively. Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (Dyrk1A) lies at the Down syndrome critical region of chromosome 21. Overexpression of this kinase may contribute to the early Tau pathology in Down syndrome via phosphorylation of Tau and dysregulation of Tau exon 10. Here, we report that Dyrk1A was truncated at the C terminus and was associated with overactivation of calpain I in AD brain. Calpain I proteolyzed Dyrk1A in vitro first at the C terminus and further at the N terminus and enhanced its kinase activity toward Tau via increased Vmax but not Km. C-terminal truncation of Dyrk1A resulted in stronger activity than its full-length protein in promotion of exon 10 exclusion and phosphorylation of Tau. Dyrk1A was truncated in kainic acid-induced excitotoxic mouse brains and coincided with an increase in 3R-Tau expression and phosphorylation of Tau via calpain activation. Moreover, truncation of Dyrk1A was correlated with an increase in the ratio of 3R-Tau/4R-Tau and Tau hyperphosphorylation in AD brain. Collectively, these findings suggest that truncation/activation of Dyrk1A by Ca(2+)/calpain I might contribute to Tau pathology via promotion of exon 10 exclusion and hyperphosphorylation of Tau in AD brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nana Jin
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China, the Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York 10314
| | - Xiaomin Yin
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China, the Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York 10314, the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China, and
| | - Jianlan Gu
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China, the Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York 10314, the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China, and
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- the Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York 10314
| | - Jianhua Shi
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China, the Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York 10314, the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China, and
| | - Wei Qian
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China, the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China, and
| | - Yuhua Ji
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Maohong Cao
- the Department of Neurology, Hospital Affiliated with Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Fei Ding
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Khalid Iqbal
- the Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York 10314
| | - Cheng-Xin Gong
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China, the Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York 10314
| | - Fei Liu
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China, the Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York 10314,
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Corbel C, Zhang B, Le Parc A, Baratte B, Colas P, Couturier C, Kosik KS, Landrieu I, Le Tilly V, Bach S. Tamoxifen inhibits CDK5 kinase activity by interacting with p35/p25 and modulates the pattern of tau phosphorylation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:472-482. [PMID: 25865311 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is a multifunctional enzyme that plays numerous roles, notably in brain development. CDK5 is activated through its association with the activators, p35 and p39, rather than by cyclins. Proteolytic procession of the N-terminal part of its activators has been linked to Alzheimer's disease and various other neuropathies. The interaction with the proteolytic product p25 prolongs CDK5 activation and modifies the substrate specificity. In order to discover small-molecule inhibitors of the interaction between CDK5 and p25, we have used a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based screening assay. Among the 1,760 compounds screened, the generic drug tamoxifen has been identified. The inhibition of the CDK5 activity by tamoxifen was notably validated by monitoring the phosphorylation state of tau protein. The study of the molecular mechanism of inhibition indicates that tamoxifen interacts with p25 to block the CDK5/p25 interaction and pave the way for new treatments of tauopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Corbel
- USR3151-CNRS/UPMC, Protein Phosphorylation and Disease Laboratory, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff, Bretagne, France; EA4250-LIMATB-EG2B, Centre de Recherche et d'Enseignement Yves Coppens, Université de Bretagne Sud, 56017 Vannes, France; Kosik Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Bing Zhang
- School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power Electricity, 071003 Beijing, China
| | - Annabelle Le Parc
- EA4250-LIMATB-EG2B, Centre de Recherche et d'Enseignement Yves Coppens, Université de Bretagne Sud, 56017 Vannes, France
| | - Blandine Baratte
- USR3151-CNRS/UPMC, Protein Phosphorylation and Disease Laboratory, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Pierre Colas
- USR3151-CNRS/UPMC, Protein Phosphorylation and Disease Laboratory, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Cyril Couturier
- UMR761-INSERM Lille University, Biostructures and Drug Discovery, 59006 Lille, France
| | - Kenneth S Kosik
- Kosik Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Isabelle Landrieu
- UMR8576 CNRS-Lille North of France University, 59658 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France; Interdisciplinary Research Institute (IRI), 58658 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Véronique Le Tilly
- EA4250-LIMATB-EG2B, Centre de Recherche et d'Enseignement Yves Coppens, Université de Bretagne Sud, 56017 Vannes, France
| | - Stéphane Bach
- USR3151-CNRS/UPMC, Protein Phosphorylation and Disease Laboratory, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, 29688 Roscoff, Bretagne, France.
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Jin N, Yin X, Yu D, Cao M, Gong CX, Iqbal K, Ding F, Gu X, Liu F. Truncation and activation of GSK-3β by calpain I: a molecular mechanism links to tau hyperphosphorylation in Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8187. [PMID: 25641096 PMCID: PMC4313118 DOI: 10.1038/srep08187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau is pivotally involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related tauopathies. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) is a primary tau kinase that is most implicated in tau pathology in AD. However, the exact molecular nature of GSK-3β involved in AD is unclear. In the present study, we found that GSK-3β was truncated at C-terminus and correlated with over-activation of calpain I in AD brain. Truncation of GSK-3β was positively correlated with tau hyperphosphorylation, tangles score and Braak stage in human brain. Calpain I proteolyzed GSK-3β in vitro at C-terminus, leading to an increase of its kinase activity, but keeping its characteristic to preferentially phosphorylate the protein kinase A-primed tau. Excitotoxicity induced by kainic acid (KA) caused GSK-3β truncation at C-terminus and hyperphosphorylation of tau in mouse brain. Inhibition of calpain prevented the KA-induced changes. These findings suggest that truncation of GSK-3β by Ca2+/calpain I markedly increases its activity and involvement of this mechanism probably is responsible for up-regulation of GSK-3β and consequent abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau and neurofibrillary degeneration in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nana Jin
- 1] Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P. R. China [2] Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York 10314, USA
| | - Xiaomin Yin
- 1] Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P. R. China [2] Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York 10314, USA
| | - Dian Yu
- Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York 10314, USA
| | - Maohong Cao
- Institute of Neurology, Department of Neurology, Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Xin Gong
- Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York 10314, USA
| | - Khalid Iqbal
- Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York 10314, USA
| | - Fei Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P. R. China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P. R. China
| | - Fei Liu
- 1] Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P. R. China [2] Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York 10314, USA
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Li G, Chen H, Cheng L, Zhao R, Zhao J, Xu Y. Amyloid precursor-like protein 2 C-terminal fragments upregulate S100A9 gene and protein expression in BV2 cells. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:1923-8. [PMID: 25558244 PMCID: PMC4281433 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.145362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The murine microglial cell line BV2 has neuroprotective effects, but is toxic to neurons by secreting inflammatory cytokines, and is an important target in the treatment of nerve inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, we observed the effects of transfecting three amyloid precursor-like protein 2 (APLP2) C-terminal fragments (CTFs; C57, C50 and C31) in the pEGFP-N1 vector on S100A9 expression in BV2 cells. Reverse transcription-PCR, western blot assay and immunocytochemistry revealed that S100A9 protein and mRNA expression was greater in BV2 cells after CTF transfection than after mock transfection with an empty vector. Furthermore, transfection of full-length APLP2-751 resulted in low levels of S100A9 protein expression. Our results show that APLP2-CTFs upregulate S100A9 protein and mRNA expression in BV2 cells, and identify a novel pathway involved in neuronal injury and apoptosis, and repair and protection in Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhe Li
- Department of Psychology, Yanbian Brain Hospital, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Rongjie Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Junchang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanji Xu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Adwan L, Subaiea GM, Basha R, Zawia NH. Tolfenamic acid reduces tau and CDK5 levels: implications for dementia and tauopathies. J Neurochem 2014; 133:266-72. [PMID: 25279694 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Tau and its aggregates are linked to the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies and, therefore, are explored as therapeutic targets for such disorders. Tau belongs to a family of microtubule-associated proteins that promote microtubule assembly. When hyperphosphorylated, tau becomes prone to forming aggregates. Increased brain levels of hyperphosphorylated tau correlate with dementia. Specificity protein 1 (Sp1), a transcription factor elevated in AD, is responsible for the transcription of AD-related proteins including the amyloid precursor protein, tau, and its cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (CDK5) activators. Tolfenamic acid promotes the degradation of Sp1, our previous studies demonstrated its ability to down-regulate transcriptional targets of Sp1 like amyloid precursor protein and reduce amyloid beta (Aβ), the main component of AD plaques. In this study, we administered tolfenamic acid daily to hemizygous R1.40 transgenic mice for 34 days, and examined tau and CDK5 gene and protein expression within the brain. Our results demonstrate that tolfenamic acid lowers tau mRNA and protein, as well as the levels of its phosphorylated form and CDK5. Thus, we present a drug candidate that inhibits the transcription of multiple major intermediates in AD pathology, thereby helping uncover a new mechanism-based approach for targeting AD. A new approach for targeting Alzheimer's disease through a transcriptional based mechanism is presented. Tolfenamic acid lowers the levels of tau, which forms pathological aggregates in Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies, by promoting the degradation of the transcription factor specificity protein 1 which regulates tau transcription.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Adwan
- Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
73
|
Mehla J, Chauhan BC, Chauhan NB. Experimental induction of type 2 diabetes in aging-accelerated mice triggered Alzheimer-like pathology and memory deficits. J Alzheimers Dis 2014; 39:145-62. [PMID: 24121970 DOI: 10.3233/jad-131238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-dependent neurodegenerative disease constituting ~95% of late-onset non-familial/sporadic AD, and only ~5% accounting for early-onset familial AD. Availability of a pertinent model representing sporadic AD is essential for testing candidate therapies. Emerging evidence indicates a causal link between diabetes and AD. People with diabetes are >1.5-fold more likely to develop AD. Senescence-accelerated mouse model (SAMP8) of accelerated aging displays many features occurring early in AD. Given the role played by diabetes in the pre-disposition of AD, and the utility of SAMP8 non-transgenic mouse model of accelerated aging, we examined if high fat diet-induced experimental type 2 diabetes in SAMP8 mice will trigger pathological aging of the brain. Results showed that compared to non-diabetic SAMP8 mice, diabetic SAMP8 mice exhibited increased cerebral amyloid-β, dysregulated tau-phosphorylating glycogen synthase kinase 3β, reduced synaptophysin immunoreactivity, and displayed memory deficits, indicating Alzheimer-like changes. High fat diet-induced type 2 diabetic SAMP8 mice may represent the metabolic model of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jogender Mehla
- Neuroscience Research, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Science System-Children's Hospital, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Neelima B Chauhan
- Neuroscience Research, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Science System-Children's Hospital, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Tao G, Zhang J, Zhang L, Dong Y, Yu B, Crosby G, Culley DJ, Zhang Y, Xie Z. Sevoflurane induces tau phosphorylation and glycogen synthase kinase 3β activation in young mice. Anesthesiology 2014; 121:510-27. [PMID: 24787352 PMCID: PMC4165789 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000000278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with multiple exposures to anesthesia and surgery may have an increased risk of developing cognitive impairment. Sevoflurane is a commonly used anesthetic in children. Tau phosphorylation contributes to cognitive dysfunction. The authors therefore assessed the effects of sevoflurane on Tau phosphorylation and the underlying mechanisms in young mice. METHODS Six-day-old wild-type and Tau knockout mice were exposed to sevoflurane. The authors determined the effects of sevoflurane anesthesia on Tau phosphorylation, levels of the kinases and phosphatase related to Tau phosphorylation, interleukin-6 and postsynaptic density protein-95 in hippocampus, and cognitive function in both young wild-type and Tau knockout mice. RESULTS Anesthesia with 3% sevoflurane 2 h daily for 3 days induced Tau phosphorylation (257 vs. 100%, P = 0.0025, n = 6) and enhanced activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β, which is the kinase related to Tau phosphorylation in the hippocampus of postnatal day-8 wild-type mice. The sevoflurane anesthesia decreased hippocampus postsynaptic density protein-95 levels and induced cognitive impairment in the postnatal day-31 mice. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β inhibitor lithium inhibited the sevoflurane-induced glycogen synthase kinase 3β activation, Tau phosphorylation, increased levels of interleukin-6, and cognitive impairment in the wild-type young mice. Finally, the sevoflurane anesthesia did not induce an increase in interleukin-6 levels, reduction in postsynaptic density protein-95 levels in hippocampus, or cognitive impairment in Tau knockout young mice. CONCLUSIONS These data suggested that sevoflurane induced Tau phosphorylation, glycogen synthase kinase 3β activation, increase in interleukin-6 and reduction in postsynaptic density protein-95 levels in hippocampus of young mice, and cognitive impairment in the mice. Future studies will dissect the cascade relation of these effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guorong Tao
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine; Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129-2060. Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China 200025
| | - Jie Zhang
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine; Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129-2060. Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R China 430030
| | - Lei Zhang
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine; Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129-2060. Department of Anesthesiology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China
| | - Yuanlin Dong
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine; Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129-2060
| | - Buwei Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China 200025
| | - Gregory Crosby
- Department of Anesthesia, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Deborah J. Culley
- Department of Anesthesia, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yiying Zhang
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129-2060
| | - Zhongcong Xie
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129-2060
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Kimura T, Ishiguro K, Hisanaga SI. Physiological and pathological phosphorylation of tau by Cdk5. Front Mol Neurosci 2014; 7:65. [PMID: 25076872 PMCID: PMC4097945 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2014.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperphosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein tau is one of the major pathological events in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other related neurodegenerative diseases, including frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17). Mutations in the tau gene MAPT are a cause of FTDP-17, and the mutated tau proteins are hyperphosphorylated in patient brains. Thus, it is important to determine the molecular mechanism of hyperphosphorylation of tau to understand the pathology of these diseases collectively called tauopathy. Tau is phosphorylated at many sites via several protein kinases, and a characteristic is phosphorylation at Ser/Thr residues in Ser/Thr-Pro sequences, which are targeted by proline-directed protein kinases such as ERK, GSK3β, and Cdk5. Among these kinases, Cdk5 is particularly interesting because it could be abnormally activated in AD. Cdk5 is a member of the cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks), but in contrast to the major Cdks, which promote cell cycle progression in proliferating cells, Cdk5 is activated in post-mitotic neurons via the neuron-specific activator p35. Cdk5-p35 plays a critical role in brain development and physiological synaptic activity. In contrast, in disease brains, Cdk5 is thought to be hyperactivated by p25, which is the N-terminal truncated form of p35 and is generated by cleavage with calpain. Several reports have indicated that tau is hyperphosphorylated by Cdk5-p25. However, normal and abnormal phosphorylation of tau by Cdk5 is still not completely understood. In this article, we summarize the physiological and pathological phosphorylation of tau via Cdk5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taeko Kimura
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University Hachioji, Japan
| | - Koichi Ishiguro
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Hisanaga
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University Hachioji, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
2-Cyclopropylimino-3-methyl-1,3-thiazoline Hydrochloride Protects Against Beta-amyloid-induced Activation of the Apoptotic Cascade in Cultured Cortical Neurons. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 34:963-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0080-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
77
|
Zhang L, Zhang J, Dong Y, Swain CA, Zhang Y, Xie Z. The potential dual effects of sevoflurane on AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway. Med Gas Res 2014; 4:5. [PMID: 24580743 PMCID: PMC3996018 DOI: 10.1186/2045-9912-4-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anesthesia with multiple exposures of commonly used inhalation anesthetic sevoflurane induces neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in young mice, but anesthesia with a single exposure to sevoflurane does not. AKT/glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) signaling pathway is involved in neurotoxicity and neurobehavioral deficits. However, whether sevoflurane can induce a dual effect (increase versus decrease) on the activation of AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway remains to be determined. We therefore set out to assess the effects of sevoflurane on AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. Methods Six day-old wild-type mice were exposed to 3% sevoflurane two hours daily for one or three days. In the in vitro studies, H4 human neuroglioma cells were treated with 4% sevoflurane for two or six hours. We then determined the effects of different sevoflurane treatments on the levels of phosphorylated (P)-GSK3β(ser9) and P-AKT(ser473) by using Western blot analysis. Results Here we show that anesthesia with 3% sevoflurane two hours daily for one day increased the levels of P-GSK3β(ser9) and P-AKT(ser473), but the anesthesia with 3% sevoflurane daily for three days decreased them in the mice. The treatment with 4% sevoflurane for two hours increased, but the treatment with 4% sevoflurane for six hours decreased, the levels of P-GSK3β(ser9) and P-AKT(ser473) in the H4 human neuroglioma cells. Conclusions Anesthetic sevoflurane might induce a dual effect (increase versus decrease) on the activation of the AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway. These studies have established a system to perform further studies to determine the effects of sevoflurane on brain function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhongcong Xie
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 149 13th St,, Room 4310, Charlestown, MA 02129-2060, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Varamini B, Sikalidis AK, Bradford KL. Resveratrol increases cerebral glycogen synthase kinase phosphorylation as well as protein levels of drebrin and transthyretin in mice: an exploratory study. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2013; 65:89-96. [PMID: 24020380 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2013.832171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by intraneuronal β-amyloid plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau, leading to neuronal cell death and progressive memory losses. This exploratory work investigates if dietary resveratrol, previously shown to have broad anti-aging effects and improve AD pathology in vivo, leads to neuroprotective changes in specific protein targets in the mouse brain. Both wild-type and APP/PS1 mice, a transgenic AD mouse model, received control AIN-93G diet or AIN-93G supplemented with resveratrol. Pathology parameters and AD risk were assessed via measurements on plaque burden, levels of phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3-β (GSK3-β), tau, transthyretin and drebrin. Dietary resveratrol treatment did not decrease plaque burden in APP/PS1 mice. However, resveratrol-fed mice demonstrated increases in GSK3-β phosphorylation, a 3.8-fold increase in protein levels of transthyretin, and a 2.2-fold increase in drebrin. This study broadens our understanding of specific mechanisms and targets whereby resveratrol provides neuroprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Varamini
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY , USA and
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
79
|
Abstract
Serine-arginine protein kinases 2 (SRPK2) is a cell cycle-regulated kinase that phosphorylates serine/arginine domain-containing proteins and mediates pre-mRNA splicing with unclear function in neurons. Here, we show that SRPK2 phosphorylates tau on S214, suppresses tau-dependent microtubule polymerization, and inhibits axonal elongation in neurons. Depletion of SRPK2 in dentate gyrus inhibits tau phosphorylation in APP/PS1 mouse and alleviates the impaired cognitive behaviors. The defective LTP in APP/PS1 mice is also improved after SRPK2 depletion. Moreover, active SRPK2 is increased in the cortex of APP/PS1 mice and the pathological structures of human Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. Therefore, our study suggests SRPK2 may contribute to the formation of hyperphosphorylated tau and the pathogenesis of AD.
Collapse
|
80
|
Jesse S, Lehnert S, Jahn O, Parnetti L, Soininen H, Herukka SK, Steinacker P, Tawfik S, Tumani H, von Arnim CAF, Neumann M, Kretzschmar HA, Kulaksiz H, Lenter M, Wiltfang J, Ferger B, Hengerer B, Otto M. Differential sialylation of serpin A1 in the early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease dementia. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48783. [PMID: 23144969 PMCID: PMC3493604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of Parkinson’s disease (PD) increases with age. Up to 50% of PD show cognitive decline in terms of a mild cognitive impairment already in early stages that predict the development of dementia, which can occur in up to 80% of PD patients over the long term, called Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD). So far, diagnosis of PD/PDD is made according to clinical and neuropsychological examinations while laboratory data is only used for exclusion of other diseases. The aim of this study was the identification of possible biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of PD, PDD and controls (CON) which predict the development of dementia in PD. For this, a proteomic approach optimized for CSF was performed using 18 clinically well characterized patients in a first step with subsequent validation using 84 patients. Here, we detected differentially sialylated isoforms of Serpin A1 as marker for differentiation of PD versus PDD in CSF. Performing 2D-immunoblots, all PDD patients could be identified correctly (sensitivity 100%). Ten out of 24 PD patients showed Serpin A1 isoforms in a similar pattern like PDD, indicating a specificity of 58% for the test-procedure. In control samples, no additional isoform was detected. On the basis of these results, we conclude that differentially sialylated products of Serpin A1 are an interesting biomarker to indicate the development of a dementia during the course of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jesse
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan Lehnert
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Olaf Jahn
- Proteomics Group, Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany
- DFG Research Center for Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Goettingen, Germany
| | | | - Hilkka Soininen
- Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sanna-Kaisa Herukka
- Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Saskia Tawfik
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Manuela Neumann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Hasan Kulaksiz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Lenter
- CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Essen-Duisburg, Essen-Duisburg, Germany
| | - Boris Ferger
- CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Bastian Hengerer
- CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Aggravation Effect of Isoflurane on Aβ25–35-Induced Apoptosis and Tau Hyperphosphorylation in PC12 Cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2012; 32:1343-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-012-9860-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
82
|
Cuadrado-Tejedor M, Hervias I, Ricobaraza A, Puerta E, Pérez-Roldán JM, García-Barroso C, Franco R, Aguirre N, García-Osta A. Sildenafil restores cognitive function without affecting β-amyloid burden in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 164:2029-41. [PMID: 21627640 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01517.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) affect signalling pathways by elevating cGMP, which is a second messenger involved in processes of neuroplasticity. In the present study, the effects of the PDE5 inhibitor, sildenafil, on the pathological features of Alzheimer's disease and on memory-related behaviour were investigated. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Sildenafil was administered to the Tg2576 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease and to age-matched negative littermates (controls). Memory function was analysed using the Morris water maze test and fear conditioning tasks. Biochemical analyses were performed in brain lysates from animals treated with saline or with sildenafil. KEY RESULTS Treatment of aged Tg2576 animals with sildenafil completely reversed their cognitive impairment. Such changes were accompanied in the hippocampus by a reduction of tau hyperphosphorylation and a decrease in the activity of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) (p25/p35 ratio). Moreover, sildenafil also increased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein (Arc) in the hippocampus without any detectable modification of brain amyloid burden. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Sildenafil improved cognitive functions in Tg2576 mice and the effect was not related to changes in the amyloid burden. These data further strengthen the potential of sildenafil as a therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Cuadrado-Tejedor
- Division of Neurosciences, CIMA, University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
83
|
Qian W, Yin X, Hu W, Shi J, Gu J, Grundke-Iqbal I, Iqbal K, Gong CX, Liu F. Activation of protein phosphatase 2B and hyperphosphorylation of Tau in Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 23:617-27. [PMID: 21157033 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2010-100987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B) is one of the major brain phosphatases and can dephosphorylate tau at several phosphorylation sites in vitro. Previous studies that measured PP2B activity in human brain crude extracts showed that PP2B activity was either unchanged or decreased in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. These results led to the speculation that PP2B might regulate tau phosphorylation and that a down-regulation of PP2B might contribute to abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau. In this study, we immunoprecipitated PP2B from brains of six AD subjects and seven postmortem- and age-matched controls and then measured the phosphatase activity. We found a three-fold increase in PP2B activity in AD brain as compared with control brains. The activation was due to the partial cleavage of PP2B by calpain I that was activated in AD brain. The truncation of PP2B appeared to alter its intracellular distribution in the brain. In human brains, PP2B activity correlated positively, rather than negatively, to the levels of tau phosphorylation at several sites that can be dephosphorylated by PP2B in vitro. Truncation of PP2B in the frontal cortex was more than in the temporal cortex, and tau phosphorylation was also more in the frontal cortex. Taken together, these results indicate that truncation of PP2B by calpain I elevates its activity but does not counteract the abnormal hyperphosphorylation tau in AD brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
84
|
A general approach for the purification and quantitative glycomic analysis of human plasma. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 402:2687-700. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5712-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
85
|
Costa AP, Tramontina AC, Biasibetti R, Batassini C, Lopes MW, Wartchow KM, Bernardi C, Tortorelli LS, Leal RB, Gonçalves CA. Neuroglial alterations in rats submitted to the okadaic acid-induced model of dementia. Behav Brain Res 2012; 226:420-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
86
|
Abstract
Tauopathies are age-related neurodegenerative diseases that are characterized by the presence of aggregates of abnormally phosphorylated tau. As tau was originally discovered as a microtubule-associated protein, it has been hypothesized that neurodegeneration results from a loss of the ability of tau to associate with microtubules. However, tau has been found to have other functions aside from the promotion and stabilization of microtubule assembly. It is conceivable that such functions may be affected by the abnormal phosphorylation of tau and might have consequences for neuronal function or viability. This chapter provides an overview of tau structure, functions, and its involvement in neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
87
|
Molecular chaperones and regulation of tau quality control: strategies for drug discovery in tauopathies. Future Med Chem 2011; 3:1523-37. [PMID: 21882945 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.11.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein that accumulates in at least 15 different neurodegenerative disorders, which are collectively referred to as tauopathies. In these diseases, tau is often hyperphosphorylated and found in aggregates, including paired helical filaments, neurofibrillary tangles and other abnormal oligomers. Tau aggregates are associated with neuron loss and cognitive decline, which suggests that this protein can somehow evade normal quality control allowing it to aberrantly accumulate and become proteotoxic. Consistent with this idea, recent studies have shown that molecular chaperones, such as heat shock protein 70 and heat shock protein 90, counteract tau accumulation and neurodegeneration in disease models. These molecular chaperones are major components of the protein quality control systems and they are specifically involved in the decision to retain or degrade many proteins, including tau and its modified variants. Thus, one potential way to treat tauopathies might be to either accelerate interactions of abnormal tau with these quality control factors or tip the balance of triage towards tau degradation. In this review, we summarize recent findings and suggest models for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
|
88
|
Onishi T, Iwashita H, Uno Y, Kunitomo J, Saitoh M, Kimura E, Fujita H, Uchiyama N, Kori M, Takizawa M. A novel glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitor 2-methyl-5-(3-{4-[(S )-methylsulfinyl]phenyl}-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole decreases tau phosphorylation and ameliorates cognitive deficits in a transgenic model of Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurochem 2011; 119:1330-40. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07532.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
89
|
Semaphorin 3A induces CaV2.3 channel-dependent conversion of axons to dendrites. Nat Cell Biol 2011; 13:676-85. [PMID: 21602796 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Polarized neurites (axons and dendrites) form the functional circuitry of the nervous system. Secreted guidance cues often control the polarity of neuron migration and neurite outgrowth by regulating ion channels. Here, we show that secreted semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) induces the neurite identity of Xenopus spinal commissural interneurons (xSCINs) by activating Ca(V)2.3 channels (Ca(V)2.3). Sema3A treatment converted the identity of axons of cultured xSCINs to that of dendrites by recruiting functional Ca(V)2.3. Inhibition of Sema3A signalling prevented both the expression of Ca(V)2.3 and acquisition of the dendrite identity, and inhibition of Ca(V)2.3 function resulted in multiple axon-like neurites of xSCINs in the spinal cord. Furthermore, Sema3A-triggered cGMP production and PKG activity induced, respectively, the expression of functional Ca(V)2.3 and the dendrite identity. These results reveal a mechanism by which a guidance cue controls the identity of neurites during nervous system development.
Collapse
|
90
|
Chew J, Chen MJ, Lee AYW, Peng ZF, Chong KWY, He L, Bay BH, Ng JMJ, Qi RZ, Cheung NS. Identification of p10 as a neurotoxic product generated from the proteolytic cleavage of the neuronal Cdk5 activator. J Cell Biochem 2011; 111:1359-66. [PMID: 20830735 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (Cdk5) and p25, the proteolytic fragment of activator p35, has long been implicated in the development of neuron-fibrillary tangles (NFTs), a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Findings in this area over the past decade have been highly controversial and inconclusive. Here we report unprecedented detection of endogenous p10, the smaller proteolytic fragment of the Cdk5 activator p35 in treated primary cortical neurons that underwent significant apoptosis, triggered by proteasome inhibitors MG132 and lactacystin, and protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine (STS). p10 appeared exclusively in the detergent-resistant fraction made up of nuclear matrix, membrane-bound organelles, insoluble membrane proteins, and cytoskeletal components. Intriguingly, transient overexpression of p10 in neural cells induced apoptotic morphologies, suggesting that p10 may play an important role in mediating neuronal cell death in neurodegenerative diseases. We demonstrated for the first time that p10-mediated apoptosis occurred via a caspases-independent pathway. Furthermore, as p10 may contain the myristoylation signal for p35 which is responsible for binding p35 to several intracellular components and the membrane, all in all these novel results present that the accumulation of p10 to the detergent-insoluble fraction may be a crucial pathological event to triggering neuronal cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Chew
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
91
|
Schneider A, Falkai P, Papassotiropoulos A. [Molecular principles of tau-induced toxicity: new experimental therapy strategies for treatment of Alzheimer's disease]. DER NERVENARZT 2010; 81:1289-90, 1292, 1294, passim. [PMID: 20842339 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-010-3052-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Neurofibrillary tangles are the hallmark of Alzheimer's disease together with amyloid plaques. They are composed of hyperphosphorylated and aggregated Tau proteins. Consequently, experimental disease modifying approaches include kinase and aggregation inhibitors as well as substances which increase degradation of Tau proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Schneider
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Gedächtnisambulanz, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Deutschland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
92
|
LRRK2 G2019S mutation induces dendrite degeneration through mislocalization and phosphorylation of tau by recruiting autoactivated GSK3ß. J Neurosci 2010; 30:13138-49. [PMID: 20881132 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1737-10.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraneuronal tau aggregations are distinctive pathological features of Parkinson's disease (PD) with autosomal-dominant mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2). The most prevalent LRRK2 mutation, G2019S (glycine to serine substitution at amino acid 2019), causes neurite shrinkage through unclear pathogenetic mechanisms. We found that expression of G2019S mutant in Drosophila dendritic arborization neurons induces mislocalization of the axonal protein tau in dendrites and causes dendrite degeneration. G2019S-induced dendrite degeneration is suppressed by reducing the level of tau protein and aggravated by tau coexpression. Additional genetic analyses suggest that G2019S and tau function synergistically to cause microtubule fragmentation, inclusion formation, and dendrite degeneration. Mechanistically, hyperactivated G2019S promotes tau phosphorylation at the T212 site by the Drosophila glycogen synthase kinase 3β homolog Shaggy (Sgg). G2019S increases the recruitment of autoactivated Sgg, thus inducing hyperphosphorylation and mislocalization of tau with resultant dendrite degeneration.
Collapse
|
93
|
Cai T, Che H, Yao T, Chen Y, Huang C, Zhang W, Du K, Zhang J, Cao Y, Chen J, Luo W. Manganese induces tau hyperphosphorylation through the activation of ERK MAPK pathway in PC12 cells. Toxicol Sci 2010; 119:169-77. [PMID: 20937724 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese has long been known to induce neurological degenerative disorders. Emerging evidence indicates that hyperphosphorylated tau is associated with neurodegenerative diseases, but whether such hyperphosphorylation plays a role in manganese-induced neurotoxicity remains unclear. To fill this gap, we investigated the effects of manganese on tau phosphorylation in PC12 cells. In our present research, treatment of cells with manganese increased the phosphorylation of tau at Ser199, Ser202, Ser396, and Ser404 as detected by Western blot. Moreover, this manganese-induced tau phosphorylation paralleled the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). The mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-1 (MEK1) inhibitor PD98059, which inhibits the activation of ERK MAPK, partially attenuated manganese-induced tau hyperphosphorylation and cytotoxicity. Moreover, the activation of ERK MAPK was involved in the activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) kinase, which also contributed to the hyperphosphorylation of tau and the cytotoxicity in PC12 cells induced by manganese. Taken together, we found for the first time that the exposure to manganese can cause the hyperphosphorylation of tau, which may be connected with the activation of ERK MAPK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tongjian Cai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
94
|
Currais A, Kato K, Canuet L, Ishii R, Tanaka T, Takeda M, Soriano S. Caffeine Modulates Tau Phosphorylation and Affects Akt Signaling in Postmitotic Neurons. J Mol Neurosci 2010; 43:326-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-010-9444-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
95
|
Chen KL, Yuan RY, Hu CJ, Hsu CY. Amyloid-β peptide alteration of tau exon-10 splicing via the GSK3β-SC35 pathway. Neurobiol Dis 2010; 40:378-85. [PMID: 20615469 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2010.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Revised: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 06/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) and Tau protein are the lead constituents in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, their inter-relationship in the disease process remains to be established. Tauopathy refers to a characteristic neurodegenerative process in AD. In tauopathy, Tau accumulates as a consequence of altered pre-mRNA splicing of tau exon 10, resulting in 3R (without exon 10)/4R (with exon 10) imbalance. We studied Aβ effects on tau exon 10 pre-mRNA splicing and relevant signaling events. This is the first demonstration of Aβ alteration of tau exon 10 splicing with an increase in 3R/4R ratio caused by reduced 4R expression. This Aβ action is causally related to its activation of GSK-3β which in turn phosphorylates SC35, an enhancer in tau exon 10 splicing. The establishment of the Aβ-GSK-3β-SC35 cascade broadens insight into development of novel strategies to modulate Aβ action on tau exon 10 splicing for possible prevention of tauopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Lin Chen
- The Department of Medical Education and Research, Shih Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
96
|
Wang GR, Shi S, Gao C, Zhang BY, Tian C, Dong CF, Zhou RM, Li XL, Chen C, Han J, Dong XP. Changes of tau profiles in brains of the hamsters infected with scrapie strains 263 K or 139 A possibly associated with the alteration of phosphate kinases. BMC Infect Dis 2010; 10:86. [PMID: 20356412 PMCID: PMC2868850 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-10-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2009] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phospho-tau deposition has been described in a rare genetic human prion disease, Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome, but is not common neuropathological picture for other human and animal transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). This study investigated the possible changes of tau and phosphorylated tau (p-tau, at Ser396, Ser404, and Ser202/Thr205) in scrapie experimental animals. METHODS The profiles of tau and p-tau (p-tau, at Ser396, Ser404, and Ser202/Thr205) in the brain tissues of agents 263K- or 139A-infected hamsters were evaluated by Western blots and real-time PCR. Meanwhile, the transcriptional and expressive levels of GSK3beta and CDK5 in the brains were tested. RESULTS The contents of total tau and p-tau at Ser202/Thr205 increased, but p-tau at Ser396 and Ser404 decreased at the terminal stages, regardless of scrapie strains. Transcriptional levels of two tau isoforms were also increased. Additionally, it showed higher CDK5, but lower GSK3beta transcriptional and expressive levels in the brains of scrapie-infected animals. Analysis of brain samples collected from different times after inoculated with agent 263 K revealed that the changes of tau profiles and phosphate kinases were time-relative events. CONCLUSION These data suggest that changes of profiles of p-tau at Ser396, Ser404 and Ser202/Thr205 are illness-correlative phenomena in TSEs, which may arise of the alteration of phosphate kinases. Alteration of tau, p-tau (Ser396, Ser404, and Ser202/Thr205), GSK3beta and CDK5 were either intermediate or consequent events in TSE pathogenesis and proposed the potential linkage of these bioactive proteins with the pathogenesis of prion diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ying-Xin Rd 100, Beijing 100052, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
97
|
|
98
|
Protective effect of isoflavones against homocysteine-mediated neuronal degeneration in SH-SY5Y cells. Amino Acids 2010; 39:785-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0523-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
99
|
Meraz-Ríos MA, Lira-De León KI, Campos-Peña V, De Anda-Hernández MA, Mena-López R. Tau oligomers and aggregation in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2009; 112:1353-67. [PMID: 19943854 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06511.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We are analyzing the physiological function of Tau protein and its abnormal pathological behavior when this protein is self-assemble into pathological filaments. These aggregates of Tau protein are the main components in many diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies suggest that Tau acquires complex oligomeric conformations which may be toxic. In this review, we emphasized the possible phenomena implicated in the formation of these oligomers. Studies with chemical inductors indicates that the microtubule-binding domain is the most important region involved in Tau aggregation and showed the requirement of a pre-arrange Tau in abnormal conformation to promote self-assembly. Transgenic animal models and AD neuropathology studies showed that post-translational modifications are also implicated in Tau aggregation and neural cell death during AD development. Therefore, we analyzed some events that could be present during Tau aggregation. Finally, we included a brief discussion of the possible relation between glucose metabolism dysfunction in AD, and data of Tau aggregation by using aggregation inhibitors. In conclusion, the process Tau aggregation deserves further investigations to design possible therapeutic targets to inhibit the toxicity of these aggregates and it is possible that could be extended to other diseases with similar etiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Meraz-Ríos
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center of Research and Advanced Studies CINVESTAV-IPN, México DF, Mexico.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
100
|
Iqbal K, Liu F, Gong CX, Alonso ADC, Grundke-Iqbal I. Mechanisms of tau-induced neurodegeneration. Acta Neuropathol 2009; 118:53-69. [PMID: 19184068 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-009-0486-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 447] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2008] [Revised: 01/15/2009] [Accepted: 01/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) and related tauopathies are histopathologically characterized by a specific type of slow and progressive neurodegeneration, which involves the abnormal hyperphosphorylation of the microtubule associated protein (MAP) tau. This hallmark, called neurofibrillary degeneration, is seen as neurofibrillary tangles, neuropil threads, and dystrophic neurites and is apparently required for the clinical expression of AD, and in related tauopathies it leads to dementia in the absence of amyloid plaques. While normal tau promotes assembly and stabilizes microtubules, the non-fibrillized, abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau sequesters normal tau, MAP1 and MAP2, and disrupts microtubules. The abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau, which can be generated by catalysis of several different combinations of protein kinases, also promotes its misfolding, decrease in turnover, and self-assembly into tangles of paired helical and or straight filaments. Some of the abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau ends up both amino and C-terminally truncated. Disruption of microtubules by the non-fibrillized abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau as well as its aggregation as neurofibrillary tangles probably impair axoplasmic flow and lead to slow progressive retrograde degeneration and loss of connectivity of the affected neurons. Among the phosphatases, which regulate the phosphorylation of tau, protein phosphatase-2A (PP2A), the activity of which is down-regulated in AD brain, is by far the major enzyme. The two inhibitors of PP-2A, I (1) (PP2A) and I (2) (PP2A) , which are overexpressed in AD, might be responsible for the decreased phosphatase activity. AD is multifactorial and heterogeneous and involves more than one etiopathogenic mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Iqbal
- Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY, 10314, USA,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|