51
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The influence of apolipoproteins on the structure and function of spheroidal, reconstituted high density lipoproteins. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)34060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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52
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Homma Y, Ozawa H, Kobayashi T, Yamaguchi H, Sakane H, Mikami Y, Mikami Y, Nakamura H. Effects of bezafibrate therapy on subfractions of plasma low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein, and on activities of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase and cholesteryl ester transfer protein in patients with hyperlipoproteinemia. Atherosclerosis 1994; 106:191-201. [PMID: 8060379 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9150(94)90124-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of 12 weeks of bezafibrate treatment on plasma lipoprotein subfraction levels and on activities of LCAT and CETP in 25 patients with hyperlipoproteinemia. Bezafibrate reduced plasma levels of VLDL-TC and VLDL-TG by 69% and 66% (P < 0.001) and plasma levels of IDL-TC and IDL-TG were decreased by 37% and 31% (P < 0.01). Bezafibrate had no significant effects on plasma levels of LDL1 (1.019 < d < 1.045)-TC and LDL1-TG in the study population as a whole but significantly increased the plasma level of LDL1-TC in the subgroup of 9 patients with type IV hyperlipoproteinemia. Bezafibrate reduced plasma levels of LDL2 (1.045 < d < 1.063)-TC, LDL2-TG by 48% and 44% (P < 0.001) in both type II and type IV hyperlipoproteinemic patients. Gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a decrease in small LDL particles. Bezafibrate did not affect the plasma level of HDL2-TC but reduced the HDL2-TG concentration significantly (P < 0.001). Bezafibrate increased the plasma level of HDL3-TC by 37% and reduced the HDL3-TG level significantly by 20% (P < 0.001). Gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed an increase in HDL3a and a decrease in HDL2a. Bezafibrate suppressed the activities of LCAT and CETP by 21% (P < 0.001) and 17% (P < 0.01), respectively. The bezafibrate-induced decrease in plasma levels of small, heavy LDL might be related to its inhibition of LCAT and CETP activities which resulted in suppression of heteroexchange of HDL-EC with triglyceride in large, light LDL. The bezafibrate-induced increase in large HDL3 (HDL3a) could not be explained solely by its suppression of LCAT and CETP activities. The decrease of plasma small, heavy LDL as well as TG-rich lipoproteins by bezafibrate seems to be beneficial for prevention of atherosclerotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Homma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University Oiso Hospital, Japan
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53
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Lorenz P, James RW, Owen JS, Betschart B. Heterogeneity in the properties of the trypanolytic factor in normal human serum. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1994; 64:153-64. [PMID: 8078518 DOI: 10.1016/0166-6851(94)90143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Although it seems clear that the trypanolytic factor in human serum capable of killing Trypanosoma brucei brucei is high density lipoprotein (HDL), it nevertheless remains controversial as to whether the trypanolytic properties of HDL are confined to a specific subclass or whether all particles have activity. In the present study, we have compared the lytic activities of serum fractions from six normal individuals prepared by gradient ultracentrifugation and also, to avoid ultracentrifugally-induced loss of HDL apolipoproteins, by gel filtration using fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC). All sera displayed trypanolytic activity in fractions corresponding to the general density (rho = 1.06-1.20 g ml-1) and size (59-440 kDa) limits conventionally used to describe bulk human HDL, the particles between rho = 1.18-1.20 g ml-1 and between 214-440 kDa being particularly lytic. But some sera additionally contained fractions with powerful activity outside these density (rho > 1.24 g ml-1) and size (> 1000 kDa) ranges. Nevertheless, such fractions were considered to contain material with HDL characteristics; apolipoprotein A-I, the major protein of HDL, was always present and the lytic activity of the sera could be completely neutralized by absorption with HDL antiserum. We conclude that all of the trypanolytic activity in human sera is associated with HDL particles and that it is a property of several HDL subpopulations with very different density and size characteristics. Presumably the well-recognized wide variation in trypanocidal activity of normal human sera reflects differences in the quantities of these HDL subpopulations rather than in the total amount of a single, uniquely lytic particle.
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54
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Duverger N, Ghalim N, Theret N, Fruchart JC, Castro G. Lipoproteins containing apolipoprotein A-IV: composition and relation to cholesterol esterification. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1994; 1211:23-8. [PMID: 8123678 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(94)90134-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the relationship of lipid and apolipoprotein composition to cholesterol esterification in lipoproteins containing apolipoprotein (apo) A-IV, apo A-containing lipoprotein particles were isolated from fresh human plasma using a system of sequential immunoaffinity chromatography. Plasma was first depleted of apo B- and apo E-containing lipoproteins. Four major subpopulations of apo A-containing lipoprotein particles were separated: Lp A-I, Lp A-I: A-II, Lp A-IV and Lp A-I: A-IV: A-II. Lp A-IV and Lp A-I: A-IV: A-II contained less total lipid, less cholesterol and more triacylglycerol than Lp A-I and Lp A-I: A-II. Lp A-IV and Lp A-I: A-IV: A-II contained more sphingomyelin and less phosphatidylcholine than Lp A-I and Lp A-I: A-II and were richer in (16:0 + 18:0) saturated fatty acids. Among these isolated lipoprotein particles, Lp A-IV contained the highest lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity per micrograms of protein. Cholesterol esterification rates were 2.6 +/- 0.5, 5.3 +/- 0.4 and 0.8 +/- 0.2 mumol of cholesterol per hour per mg of lipoproteins for Lp A-IV, Lp A-I and Lp A-I: A-II, respectively. The apolipoprotein and lipid composition and LCAT activity of Lp A-IV suggest that this lipoprotein may be a source of cholesterol esterification in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Duverger
- Institut Pasteur, INSERM U325, Lille, France
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55
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Lagrost L, Perségol L, Lallemant C, Gambert P. Influence of apolipoprotein composition of high density lipoprotein particles on cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity. Particles containing various proportions of apolipoproteins AI and AII. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)41847-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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56
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Abstract
An analytical free flow capillary isotachophoresis procedure, with a discontinuous electrolyte system, for the detailed analysis of lipoproteins in human body fluids has been developed. The technique is based on prestaining whole serum lipoproteins with a lipophilic dye before separation. Human serum lipoproteins are separated into 14 well-characterized subfractions according to their electrophoretic mobility. High density lipoproteins (fraction 1 to 6) are separated into three major subpopulations, the fast migrating high density lipoprotein (HDL) subpopulation, containing mainly apo AI and phosphatidylcholine, the subpopulation with intermediate mobility, consisting of particles rich in apo AII, apo E, and C apolipoproteins, and the slowly migrating HDL subfraction, containing mainly particles rich in apo AI, apo AIV, and lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity. The apo B containing lipoproteins (fraction 7 to 14) can be subdivided into four major functional groups. The first represents chylomicron derived particles and large triglyceride-rich very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). The second group consists of small VLDL and intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) particles, anf the third and fourth group represent the low density lipoproteins. The isotachophoretic analysis of human serum samples obtained from patients with hyperlipoproteinemias is compatible with the classification according to the Frederickson phenotypes and reflects the respective biochemical abnormalities. Furthermore, several genetic disorders of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism like HDL deficiency syndromes, familial LCAT deficiency, Fish eye disease, hypobetalipoproteinemia and abetalipoproteinemia can be well characterized by analytical capillary isotachophoresis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- G Schmitz
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsmedizin, Universität Regensburg, Germany
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57
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Duverger N, Rader D, Duchateau P, Fruchart JC, Castro G, Brewer HB. Biochemical characterization of the three major subclasses of lipoprotein A-I preparatively isolated from human plasma. Biochemistry 1993; 32:12372-9. [PMID: 8241125 DOI: 10.1021/bi00097a014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein (apo) A-I is the major protein constituent of plasma high-density lipoproteins (HDL). HDL consist of two major classes of apoA-I-containing lipoproteins: LpA-I and LpA-I:A-II. LpA-I includes heterogeneous lipoprotein particles that differ in size and hydrated density. LpA-I was isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography from the fasting plasma of 24 normal human subjects and separated by gel filtration chromatography. Three major subclasses of LpA-I were eluted: large (Lg-LpA-I), medium (Md-LpA-I), and small LpA-I (Sm-LpA-I). By nondenaturing gradient PAGE, Lg-LpA-I, Md-LpA-I, and Sm-LpA-I had mean Strokes diameters of 10.8 +/- 0.5, 8.9 +/- 0.5, and 7.5 +/- 0.3 nm, respectively. The lipid/protein ratios were 1.25 +/- 0.12 for Lg-LpA-I, 0.75 +/- 0.10 for Md-LpA-I, and 0.38 +/- 0.08 for Sm-LpA-I. Lg-LpA-I was relatively lipid and cholesteryl ester rich compared with Md-LpA-I and Sm-LpA-I. Sm-LpA-I contained phospholipids as the major lipid component. ApoA-I was the major apolipoprotein in all LpA-I subfractions, whereas apoE was present only in Lg-LpA-I and apoA-IV was associated with both Md-LpA-I and Sm-LpA-I. All three LpA-I subclasses exhibited predominantly alpha mobility on agarose electrophoresis. Lg-LpA-I migrated as a diffuse band in the fast alpha position, whereas Md-LpA-I and Sm-LpA-I migrated to the slow alpha position.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- N Duverger
- Molecular Disease Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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58
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Golaz O, Hughes GJ, Frutiger S, Paquet N, Bairoch A, Pasquali C, Sanchez JC, Tissot JD, Appel RD, Walzer C. Plasma and red blood cell protein maps: update 1993. Electrophoresis 1993; 14:1223-31. [PMID: 8313871 DOI: 10.1002/elps.11501401183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This publication updates the reference plasma and red blood cell protein maps obtained with immobilized pH gradients. Seventeen polypeptide spots or chains were partially characterized by direct N-terminal sequencing or by sequencing of peptides obtained from enzymatic digestion. Additional new polypeptides and previously known proteins are listed in a table and/or labeled on the protein maps, thus providing the 1993 update of the human plasma and red blood cell two-dimensional gel SWISS-2DPAGE database. SWISS-2DPAGE and the SWISS-PROT protein sequence databases are closely linked together through the use of common accession numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Golaz
- Medicine Department, Geneva University
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59
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Duchateau P, Rader D, Duverger N, Theret N, De Geitere C, Brewer HB, Fruchart JC, Castro GR. Tangier disease: isolation and characterization of LpA-I, LpA-II, LpA-I: A-II and LpA-IV particles from plasma. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1993; 1182:30-6. [PMID: 8347683 DOI: 10.1016/0925-4439(93)90149-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Tangier disease (TD) is characterized by extremely low plasma levels of HDL, apoA-I and apoA-II due to very rapid catabolism. However, the risk of premature coronary heart disease (CHD) is not markedly increased in TD. In order to gain insight into reverse cholesterol transport in TD, we isolated LpA-I, LpA-I:A-II, LpA-II and LpA-IV particles from fasting plasma of 5 TD patients. LpA-I composition was similar to control LpA-I, but TD LpA-I had more LCAT and CETP activity (respectively, 0.35 +/- 0.14 and 0.14 +/- 0.04 mumol of cholesterol esterified/h/micrograms of protein, and 7 +/- 2.5 and 1.4 +/- 0.3 mumol of cholesteryl ester transferred/h/micrograms of protein). In contrast, TD LpA-I:A-II had abnormal composition, with a low molar ratio of apoA-I to apoA-II (0.2-1.33). In addition, LpA-I:A-II in TD contained a substantial amount of apoA-IV compared with control, making this particle an LpA-I:A-II:A-IV complex. LpA-I:A-II from normal plasma do not promote cholesterol efflux from adipocytes cells, whereas TD LpA-I:A-II:A-IV complexes promoted cholesterol efflux from these cells. Moreover LpA-I:A-II:A-IV complexes have more LCAT and CETP activity than control (respectively 1.2 +/- 0.16 and 0.05 +/- 0.01 mumol of cholesterol esterified/h/micrograms of protein and, 41 +/- 3.7 and 1 +/- 0.4 mumol of cholesteryl ester transferred/h/micrograms of protein). The LpA-II particle in TD represented in fact an LpA-II:A-IV complex (75% mol apoA-II and 22% mol apoA-IV).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- P Duchateau
- Institut Pasteur, INSERM U. 325, Lille, France
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60
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Leroy A, Toohill K, Fruchart J, Jonas A. Structural properties of high density lipoprotein subclasses homogeneous in protein composition and size. J Biol Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53467-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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61
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Blatter MC, James RW, Messmer S, Barja F, Pometta D. Identification of a distinct human high-density lipoprotein subspecies defined by a lipoprotein-associated protein, K-45. Identity of K-45 with paraoxonase. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1993; 211:871-9. [PMID: 8382160 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb17620.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to provide immunological tools for subfractionation of high-density lipoproteins (HDL), monoclonal antibodies were raised against HDL complexes. Two clones identified a peptide, provisionally named K-45 (pI 4.5-4.9; molecular mass 45 kDa, range 42-48 kDa), whose plasma distribution and lipoprotein association were fully characterised. Gel filtration localised the peptide to the HDL region of human plasma where it co-eluted with apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, the structural protein of HDL. Complementary studies employing immunoabsorption with anti-(apo A-I) antibodies removed 90% of K-45 from plasma: conversely, anti-(apo A-II) antibodies eliminated only 10% of K-45. Immunoaffinity chromatography on an anti-(K-45) column revealed that the peptide was present in a distinct HDL subsepecies containing three major proteins: K-45, apo A-I and clusterin or apo J. The lipoprotein nature of the bound fraction was indicated by electron microscopy (diameter 9.6 +/- 3.3 nm) and quantification of lipids, the latter showing an unusually high triacyglycerol concentration. Plasma concentrations of K-45 were positively correlated with apo A-I and HDL-cholesterol and negatively correlated with apo B and total cholesterol. Thus, the peptide appears to be linked, directly or indirectly, to processes which give rise to an anti-atherogenic lipid profile. After completion of the present studies, an N-terminal sequence identical to that of K-45 was reported in recently isolated cDNA clones. These clones encode paraoxonase.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Blatter
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
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62
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Hochstrasser DF, Frutiger S, Paquet N, Bairoch A, Ravier F, Pasquali C, Sanchez JC, Tissot JD, Bjellqvist B, Vargas R. Human liver protein map: a reference database established by microsequencing and gel comparison. Electrophoresis 1992; 13:992-1001. [PMID: 1286669 DOI: 10.1002/elps.11501301201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This publication establishes a reference human liver protein map obtained with immobilized pH gradients. By microsequencing, 57 spots or 42 polypeptide chains were identified. By protein map comparison and matching (liver, red blood cell and plasma sample maps), 8 additional proteins were identified. The new polypeptides and previously known proteins are listed in a table and/or labeled on the protein map, thus providing a human liver two-dimensional gel database. This reference map can be used to identify protein spots on other samples such as rectal cancer biopsies.
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63
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Cheung MC, Wolf AC, Illingworth DR. Interaction between high-density lipoprotein subpopulations in apo B-free and abetalipoproteinemic plasma. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1992; 1128:244-9. [PMID: 1420297 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(92)90314-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Two populations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles exist in human plasma. Both contain apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, but only one contains apo A-II: Lp(AI w AII) and Lp(AI w/o AII). To study the extent of interaction between these particles, apo B-free plasma prepared by the selective removal of apo B-containing lipoproteins (LpB) from the plasma of three normolipidemic (NL) subjects and whole plasma from two patients with abetalipoproteinemia (ABL) were incubated at 37 degrees C for 24 h. Apo B-free plasma samples were used to avoid lipid-exchange between HDL and LpB. Lp(AI w AII) and Lp(AI w/o AII) were isolated from each apo B-free plasma sample before and after incubation and their protein and lipid contents quantified. Before incubation, ABL plasma had reduced levels of Lp(AI w AII) and Lp(AI w/o AII), (40% and 70% of normals, respectively). Compared to the HDL of apo B-free NL plasma, ABL HDL had higher relative contents of free cholesterol, phospholipid and total lipid, and contained more particles with apparent hydrated Stokes diameter in the 9.2-17.0 nm region. These differences were particularly pronounced in particles without apo A-II. Despite their differences, the total cholesterol contents of Lp(AI w AII) increased, while that of Lp(AI w/o AII) decreased in all five plasma samples and the amount of apo A-I in Lp(AI w AII) increased by 6-8 mg/dl in four during the incubation. These compositional changes were accompanied by a relative reduction of particles in the 7.0-8.2 nm Stokes diameter size region and an increase of particles in the 9.2-11.2 nm region. These data are consistent with intravascular modulation between HDL particles with and without apo A-II. The observed increase in apo A-II-associated cholesterol and apo A-I, could involve either the transfer of cholesterol and apo A-I from particles without apo A-II to those with A-II, or the transfer of apo A-II from Lp(AI w AII) to Lp(AI w/o AII). The exact mechanism and direction of the transfer remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Cheung
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98103
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64
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Bini L, Magi B, Cellesi C, Rossolini A, Pallini V. Two-dimensional electrophoresis analysis of human serum proteins during the acute-phase response. Electrophoresis 1992; 13:743-6. [PMID: 1281092 DOI: 10.1002/elps.11501301161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The serum of patients with meningitis, due to infection by Haemophilus influenzae type b, was analyzed. Several known acute-phase proteins were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis and estimated quantitatively. In addition, hitherto undescribed reactants were recognized. Gels were calibrated and relevant spots related to master spot numbers in the human serum protein database.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bini
- Dipartimento di Biologia Molecolare, Università di Siena, Italy
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65
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Hughes GJ, Frutiger S, Paquet N, Ravier F, Pasquali C, Sanchez JC, James R, Tissot JD, Bjellqvist B, Hochstrasser DF. Plasma protein map: an update by microsequencing. Electrophoresis 1992; 13:707-14. [PMID: 1459097 DOI: 10.1002/elps.11501301150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The reference plasma protein map, obtained with immobilized pH gradients in the first dimension of two-dimensional electrophoresis, is presented. By microsequencing, more than 40 polypeptide chains were identified. The new polypeptides and previously known proteins are listed in a table and labeled on the protein map, thus providing an update of the human plasma two-dimensional gel database.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Hughes
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Geneva University, Switzerland
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66
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von Hodenberg E, Heinen S, Howell KE, Luley C, Kübler W, Bond HM. Cholesterol efflux from macrophages mediated by high-density lipoprotein subfractions, which differ principally in apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein A-II ratios. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1991; 1086:173-84. [PMID: 1932099 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(91)90005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) was fractionated by preparative isoelectric focussing into six distinct subpopulations. The major difference between the subfractions was in the molar ratio of apolipoprotein A-I to apolipoprotein A-II, ranging from 2.1 to 0.5. The least acidic particles had little apolipoprotein A-II, were larger and contained the most lipid. The efflux capacity of the HDL subfractions was tested with mouse peritoneal macrophages and a mouse macrophage cell line (P388D1), either fed with acetylated low-density lipoprotein or free cholesterol. All the HDL subfractions were equally able to efflux cholesterol. The efflux was concentration dependant and linear for the first 6 h. The HDL subfractions bound with high affinity (Kd = 6.7-7.9 micrograms/ml) at 4 degrees C to the cell surface of P388D1 cells (211,000-359,000 sites/cell). Ligand blotting showed that all the HDL subfractions bound to membrane polypeptides at 60, 100, and 210 kDa. These HDL binding proteins may represent HDL receptors. In summary HDL particles, which differed principally in ratio of apolipoprotein A-I to apolipoprotein A-II behaved in a similar manner for both cholesterol efflux and cell surface binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- E von Hodenberg
- University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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67
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Abstract
An updated two-dimensional electrophoretic map of human plasma proteins is presented, together with a complete listing of the individual protein spots, their locations, size and isoelectric points relative to internal charge standards. Forty-nine polypeptide species are identified, many consisting of multiple spots differing in glycosylation or sequence (e.g., immunoglobulins). A further series of 35 as yet uncharacterized proteins is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Anderson
- Large Scale Biology Corporation, Rockville, MD 20850
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68
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Rader DJ, Castro G, Zech LA, Fruchart JC, Brewer HB. In vivo metabolism of apolipoprotein A-I on high density lipoprotein particles LpA-I and LpA-I,A-II. J Lipid Res 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)41639-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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69
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Appel RD, Hochstrasser DF, Funk M, Vargas JR, Pellegrini C, Muller AF, Scherrer JR. The MELANIE project: from a biopsy to automatic protein map interpretation by computer. Electrophoresis 1991; 12:722-35. [PMID: 1802690 DOI: 10.1002/elps.1150121006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The goals of the MELANIE project are to determine if disease-associated patterns can be detected in high resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (HR 2D-PAGE) images and if a diagnosis can be established automatically by computer. The ELSIE/MELANIE system is a set of computer programs which automatically detect, quantify, and compare protein spots shown on HR 2D-PAGE images. Classification programs help the physician to find disease-associated patterns from a given set of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis images and to form diagnostic rules. Prototype expert systems that use these rules to establish a diagnosis from new HR 2D-PAGE images have been developed. They successfully diagnosed cirrhosis of the liver and were able to distinguish a variety of cancer types from biopsies known to be cancerous.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Appel
- Numeric Imaging Group, Geneva University Hospital, Switzerland
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70
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Jenne D, Lowin B, Peitsch M, Böttcher A, Schmitz G, Tschopp J. Clusterin (complement lysis inhibitor) forms a high density lipoprotein complex with apolipoprotein A-I in human plasma. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)99123-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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71
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Borghini I, James RW, Blatter MC, Pometta D. Distribution of apolipoprotein E between free and A-II complexed forms in very-low- and high-density lipoproteins: functional implications. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1991; 1083:139-46. [PMID: 1903658 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(91)90034-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The stability of apolipoprotein E/lipoprotein associations has been examined as a function of apolipoprotein E phenotype. Visualisation by immunoblotting showed plasma apolipoprotein E to be present in two forms; the free form and, as previously described, an E-A-II complex. In very low density lipoproteins isolated by gel filtration from subjects with E3/3 and E4/3 phenotypes, apolipoprotein E was present essentially in the free form (ratio free: complex of 12.2 and 37.5, respectively). Exploiting ultracentrifugation as the disruptive agent, very-low-density lipoproteins thus isolated were shown to have substantially lower ratios (5.6 and 5.4, respectively) reflecting preferential loss of free apolipoprotein E. In high-density lipoproteins isolated by gel filtration from E3/3 phenotypes, apolipoprotein E was largely present as an E-A-II complex (80.3%). In contrast, the majority of apolipoprotein E in high-density lipoproteins from E4/3 phenotypes was present in the free form (58.7%). In both phenotypes, the content of free apolipoprotein E was markedly reduced by ultracentrifugation. The results confirm the notion that the formation of the E-A-II complex is a major determinant of the stability of apolipoprotein E-high-density lipoprotein associations. Moreover, that the predominant, ancestral isoform, apolipoprotein E3, exists largely as an E-A-II complex in higher density lipoproteins has important functional implications for this plasma source of apolipoprotein E.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal
- Apolipoprotein A-II
- Apolipoproteins A/blood
- Apolipoproteins A/chemistry
- Apolipoproteins E/blood
- Apolipoproteins E/chemistry
- Binding, Competitive
- Blotting, Western
- Centrifugation, Density Gradient
- Chromatography, Gel
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunosorbent Techniques
- In Vitro Techniques
- Lipoproteins, HDL/blood
- Lipoproteins, HDL/chemistry
- Lipoproteins, LDL/metabolism
- Lipoproteins, VLDL/blood
- Lipoproteins, VLDL/chemistry
- Phenotype
- Protein Binding
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Affiliation(s)
- I Borghini
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
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72
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James RW, Hochstrasser AC, Borghini I, Martin B, Pometta D, Hochstrasser D. Characterization of a human high density lipoprotein-associated protein, NA1/NA2. Identity with SP-40,40, an inhibitor of complement-mediated cytolysis. ARTERIOSCLEROSIS AND THROMBOSIS : A JOURNAL OF VASCULAR BIOLOGY 1991; 11:645-52. [PMID: 1903064 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.11.3.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Two peptides, NA1 and NA2, which we previously suggested to be associated with high density lipoproteins (HDLs), have been purified. Polyclonal antibodies against each peptide and a monoclonal antibody against NA2 have been used to further characterize them and their association with HDL. Immunoblotting studies revealed that the peptides form a complex of molecular mass of approximately 80 kd. Agarose gel filtration showed coelution of NA1/NA2 and apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, the structural protein of HDL. This was confirmed by fast protein liquid chromatography, which further indicated that up to 60% of NA1/NA2 was located within the lower density range of the HDL spectrum. Complementary studies with anti-apo A-I immunoaffinity columns provided evidence that at least 40% of NA1/NA2 was associated with HDL, an association easily disrupted by ultracentrifugal manipulation. Finally, partial amino acid sequences showed virtually complete homology with a recently identified protein, SP-40,40, or cytolysis inhibitor. The protein is suggested to have a powerful inhibitory effect on complement-mediated cell lysis. Our results could thus furnish an explanation for the previously observed modulating influence of HDL on complement activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W James
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
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73
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Nowicka G, Brüning T, Böttcher A, Kahl G, Schmitz G. Macrophage interaction of HDL subclasses separated by free flow isotachophoresis. J Lipid Res 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)42259-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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74
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Kilsdonk EP, Van Gent T, Van Tol A. Characterization of human high-density lipoprotein subclasses LP A-I and LP A-I/A-II and binding to HepG2 cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1990; 1045:205-12. [PMID: 2167131 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(90)90121-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Plasma HDL can be classified according to their apolipoprotein content into at least two types of lipoprotein particles: lipoproteins containing both apo A-I and apo A-II (LP A-I/A-II) and lipoproteins with apo A-I but without apo A-II (LP A-I). LP A-I and LP A-I/A-II were isolated by immuno-affinity chromatography. LP A-I has a higher cholesterol content and less protein compared to LP A-I/A-II. The average particle mass of LP A-I is higher (379 kDa) than the average particle weight of LP A-I/A-II (269 kDa). The binding of 125I-LP A-I to HepG2 cells at 4 degrees C, as well as the uptake of [3H]cholesteryl ether-labelled LP A-I by HepG2 cells at 37 degrees C, was significantly higher than the binding and uptake of LP A-I/A-II. It is likely that both binding and uptake are mediated by apo A-I. Our results do not provide evidence in favor of a specific role for apo A-II in the binding and uptake of HDL by HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Kilsdonk
- Department of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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75
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de Silva H, Stuart W, Park Y, Mao S, Gil C, Wetterau J, Busch S, Harmony J. Purification and characterization of apolipoprotein J. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)77299-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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76
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A 70-kDa apolipoprotein designated ApoJ is a marker for subclasses of human plasma high density lipoproteins. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)38290-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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77
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James RW, Pometta D. Immunofractionation of high density lipoprotein subclasses 2 and 3. Similarities and differences of fractions isolated from male and female populations. Atherosclerosis 1990; 83:35-45. [PMID: 2117929 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9150(90)90128-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
High density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses 2 and 3 isolated from male and female populations were further subfractionated by immunoaffinity techniques. Each subclass gave rise to 2 fractions: one contained apolipoprotein (apo) A-I but no apo A-II (LpAI); the other contained apo A-I and apo A-II (LpAI,AII). The bulk fraction (HDL-3(LpAI,AII)) comprised over 70% of total HDL and was present in similar concentrations in both populations. There were, however, significant male-female differences in plasma levels of the minor HDL-3 fraction i.e. HDL-3(LpAI). Females had significantly higher plasma concentrations of both fractions within HDL-2. These fractions also exhibited strong, positive correlations with total HDL cholesterol concentrations, both in males as well as females. It suggests that metabolic activities giving rise to both HDL-2(LpAI) and HDL-2(LpAI,AII) determine plasma HDL cholesterol concentrations. Several similarities were noted between the male and female populations. Triglyceridaemia was negatively correlated with HDL-2 derived fractions and positively correlated with the bulk fraction HDL-3(LpAI,AII). Compositional data showed that the fraction (LpAI) had a lower esterified cholesterol to total cholesterol ratio than the fraction (LpAI,AII), the differences being more apparent at the HDL-3 level. Additionally, analysis of the surface components of HDL-3 fractions suggested that (LpAI,AII) had a greater potential than (LpAI) for absorbing lipoprotein surface material. Finally, the relative concentrations of the individual components of fractions within the same population and defined by the same apolipoprotein criterion showed highly significantly, positive correlations. Such correlations were not apparent for apolipoprotein dissimilar fractions. These observations could reflect a metabolic link between apolipoprotein similar fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W James
- Département de Médecine 1, Hôpital Cantonal Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
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78
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Blatter MC, James RW, Borghini I, Martin BM, Hochstrasser AC, Pometta D. A novel high-density lipoprotein particle and associated protein in rat plasma. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1990; 1042:19-27. [PMID: 2297521 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(90)90051-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the characterization of a novel rat apolipoprotein, which, as partial sequencing suggests, does not correspond to any described protein. The protein (termed PX) has an estimated molecular mass of 19.5 kDa and pI in the range 5.5-5.8. Monoclonal antibodies were obtained against protein PX and results on distribution among rat lipoproteins show it to be associated mainly with high-density lipoproteins (HDL), but also with VLDL. Immunoaffinity chromatography of total HDL shows protein PX to be included in a distinct lipoprotein particle, particularly enriched in free cholesterol, with which only traces of other apolipoproteins are associated. Immunologically crossreacting entities are found in the plasma of several species, including man. Retention of the epitope carried by the protein PX would suggest that it is of particular structural or functional importance. It remains to be established whether its function is associated with lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Blatter
- Division de Diabétologie, Hôpital Cantonal Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
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79
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Cheung MC, Lum KD, Brouillette CG, Bisgaier CL. Characterization of apoA-I-containing lipoprotein subpopulations secreted by HepG2 cells. J Lipid Res 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)38257-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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