51
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Ha LTV, Vanlerberghe L, Toan HT, Dewettinck K, Messens K. Comparative Evaluation of Six Extraction Methods for DNA Quantification and PCR Detection in Cocoa and Cocoa-Derived Products. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2014.996761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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52
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Singh S, Banerjee S, Chattopadhyay P, Borthakur SK, Veer V. Deoxynivalenol induces cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in animal primary cell culture. Toxicol Mech Methods 2015; 25:184-91. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2015.1006743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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53
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Binelli A, Della Torre C, Magni S, Parolini M. Does zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) represent the freshwater counterpart of Mytilus in ecotoxicological studies? A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 196:386-403. [PMID: 25463737 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
One of the fundamentals in the ecotoxicological studies is the need of data comparison, which can be easily reached with the help of a standardized biological model. In this context, any biological model has been still proposed for the biomonitoring and risk evaluation of freshwaters until now. The aim of this review is to illustrate the ecotoxicological studies carried out with the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha in order to suggest this bivalve species as possible reference organism for inland waters. In detail,we showed its application in biomonitoring, as well as for the evaluation of adverse effects induced by several pollutants, using both in vitro and in vivo experiments. We discussed the advantages by the use of D. polymorpha for ecotoxicological studies, but also the possible limitations due to its invasive nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Binelli
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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54
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Silva da Silva C, Rossato JM, Vaz Rocha JA, Vargas VMF. Characterization of an area of reference for inhalable particulate matter (PM2.5) associated with genetic biomonitoring in children. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 778:44-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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55
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Gajski G, Oreščanin V, Gerić M, Kollar R, Lovrenčić Mikelić I, Garaj-Vrhovac V. Toxicity assessment of the water used for human consumption from the Cameron/Tuba City abandoned uranium mining area prior/after the combined electrochemical treatment/advanced oxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:516-526. [PMID: 25087498 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3376-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was detailed physicochemical, radiological, and toxicological characterization of the composite sample of water intended for human consumption in the Cameron/Tuba City abandoned uranium mining area before and after a combined electrochemical/advanced oxidation treatment. Toxicological characterization was conducted on human lymphocytes using a battery of bioassays. On the bases of the tested parameters, it could be concluded that water used for drinking from the tested water sources must be strictly forbidden for human and/or animal consumption since it is extremely cytogenotoxic, with high oxidative stress potential. A combined electrochemical treatment and posttreatment with ozone and UV light decreased the level of all physicochemical and radiological parameters below the regulated values. Consequently, the purified sample was neither cytotoxic nor genotoxic, indicating that the presented method could be used for the improvement of water quality from the sites highly contaminated with the mixture of heavy metals and radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Gajski
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia,
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56
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Pillai TG, Maurya DK, Salvi VP, Janardhanan KK, Nair CKK. Fungal beta glucan protects radiation induced DNA damage in human lymphocytes. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2014; 2:13. [PMID: 25332989 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2014.02.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ganoderma lucidum (Ling Zhi), a basidiomycete white rot macrofungus has been used extensively for therapeutic use in China, Japan, Korea and other Asian countries for 2,000 years. The present study is an attempt to investigate its DNA protecting property in human lymphocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Beta glucan (BG) was isolated by standard procedure and the structure and composition were studied by infrared radiation (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, gel filtration chromatography and paper chromatography. The radioprotective properties of BG isolated from the macro fungi Ganoderma lucidum was assessed by single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). Human lymphocytes were exposed to 0, 1, 2 and 4 Gy gamma radiation in the presence and absence of BG. RESULTS The comet parameters were reduced by BG. The results indicate that the BG of G. lucidum possessed significant radioprotective activity with DNA repairing ability and antioxidant activity as the suggestive mechanism. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest the potential use of this mushroom for the prevention of radiation induced cellular damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thulasi G Pillai
- 1 Division of Forest Pathology, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur-680 653, Kerala, India ; 2 Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India ; 3 Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amalanagar, Thrissur, Kerala, India ; 4 Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
| | - Dharmendra K Maurya
- 1 Division of Forest Pathology, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur-680 653, Kerala, India ; 2 Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India ; 3 Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amalanagar, Thrissur, Kerala, India ; 4 Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
| | - Veena P Salvi
- 1 Division of Forest Pathology, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur-680 653, Kerala, India ; 2 Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India ; 3 Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amalanagar, Thrissur, Kerala, India ; 4 Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
| | - Krishnankutty K Janardhanan
- 1 Division of Forest Pathology, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur-680 653, Kerala, India ; 2 Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India ; 3 Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amalanagar, Thrissur, Kerala, India ; 4 Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
| | - Cherupally K K Nair
- 1 Division of Forest Pathology, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur-680 653, Kerala, India ; 2 Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India ; 3 Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amalanagar, Thrissur, Kerala, India ; 4 Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
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57
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Muller M, Hess L, Tardivo A, Lajmanovich R, Attademo A, Poletta G, Simoniello MF, Yodice A, Lavarello S, Chialvo D, Scremin O. Neurologic dysfunction and genotoxicity induced by low levels of chlorpyrifos. Neurotoxicology 2014; 45:22-30. [PMID: 25196089 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor widely used as an insecticide. Neuro and genotoxicity of this agent were evaluated following daily subcutaneous injections at 0.1, 1 and 10mg/kg or its vehicle to laboratory rats during one week, at the end of which somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) and power spectrum of the electroencephalogram (EEGp) were recorded under urethane anesthesia. In another group of conscious animals, auditory startle reflex (ASR) was evaluated followed, after euthanasia, with measurements of plasma B-esterases, and genotoxicity with the alkaline comet assay (ACA) at the same CPF doses. The results indicated a CPF dose related inhibition of B-esterases. Enhanced inhibition of the ASR by a subthreshold pre-pulse was observed at all doses and ACA showed a significant higher DNA damage than vehicle controls in animals exposed to 10mg/kg CPF. A trend to higher frequencies of EEGp and an increase in amplitude of the first negative wave of the SEP were found at all doses. The first positive wave of the SEP decreased at the CPF dose of 10mg/kg. In summary, a shift to higher EEG frequencies and alterations of somatosensory and auditory input to the central nervous system were sensitive manifestations of CPF toxicity, associated with depression of B-esterases. The changes in electrical activity of the cerebral cortex and DNA damage observed at doses that do not elicit overt toxicity may be useful in the detection of CPF exposure before clinical signs appear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel Muller
- PROFISIO, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe 3100, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Hess
- PROFISIO, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe 3100, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Agostina Tardivo
- PROFISIO, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe 3100, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Rafael Lajmanovich
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Argentina
| | - Andres Attademo
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Argentina
| | - Gisela Poletta
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Argentina
| | - Maria Fernanda Simoniello
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Agustina Yodice
- PROFISIO, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe 3100, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Simona Lavarello
- PROFISIO, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe 3100, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Dante Chialvo
- PROFISIO, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe 3100, Rosario, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Argentina
| | - Oscar Scremin
- PROFISIO, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe 3100, Rosario, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Argentina; Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System and David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 11301 Wilshire Building, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA.
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58
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Gajski G, Gerić M, Garaj-Vrhovac V. Evaluation of the in vitro cytogenotoxicity profile of antipsychotic drug haloperidol using human peripheral blood lymphocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 38:316-324. [PMID: 25036041 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Haloperidol (HLP) is a potent antipsychotic drug that is commonly used for the treatments of schizophrenia and bipolar disorders but has a tendency to cause adverse effects. In the present study, the cyto/genotoxic potential of clinically relevant concentrations of HLP was evaluated in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBLs) as sensitive biomarkers of exposure. HLP was administered as HLP hydrochloride in the final concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 ng/ml for 4 and 24 h period. Cytotoxicity was determined using differential staining of HPBLs with acridine orange and ethidium bromide while chromosomal aberrations, micronucleus and comet assays were applied to estimate the chromosomal and DNA damage after the treatment. The results of the present study indicate that HLP is capable of inducing cyto/genotoxicity in tested cells. Present study has also confirmed the need for further cytogenetic research and regular patient monitoring to minimize the risk of any possible adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Gajski
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marko Gerić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vera Garaj-Vrhovac
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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59
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Khairnar K, Sanmukh S, Chandekar R, Paunikar W. A simple and novel modification of comet assay for determination of bacteriophage mediated bacterial cell lysis. J Virol Methods 2014; 203:33-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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60
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Americanin B protects cultured human keratinocytes against oxidative stress by exerting antioxidant effects. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2014; 50:766-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-014-9759-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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61
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Cha JW, Piao MJ, Kim KC, Yao CW, Zheng J, Kim SM, Hyun CL, Ahn YS, Hyun JW. The Polyphenol Chlorogenic Acid Attenuates UVB-mediated Oxidative Stress in Human HaCaT Keratinocytes. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2014; 22:136-42. [PMID: 24753819 PMCID: PMC3975475 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2014.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the protective effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA), a polyphenol compound, on oxidative damage induced by UVB exposure on human HaCaT cells. In a cell-free system, CGA scavenged 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals, superoxide anions, hydroxyl radicals, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by hydrogen peroxide and ultraviolet B (UVB). Furthermore, CGA absorbed electromagnetic radiation in the UVB range (280–320 nm). UVB exposure resulted in damage to cellular DNA, as demonstrated in a comet assay; pre-treatment of cells with CGA prior to UVB irradiation prevented DNA damage and increased cell viability. Furthermore, CGA pre-treatment prevented or ameliorated apoptosis-related changes in UVB-exposed cells, including the formation of apoptotic bodies, disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, and alterations in the levels of the apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3. Our findings suggest that CGA protects cells from oxidative stress induced by UVB radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Cha
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Mei Jing Piao
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Cheon Kim
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheng Wen Yao
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jian Zheng
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Min Kim
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Lim Hyun
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Seok Ahn
- Research Institute of Processing from Jeju Fisher Food, Choung Ryong Fisheries Co., LTD, Jeju 697-943, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Hyun
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
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62
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Yao CW, Piao MJ, Kim KC, Zheng J, Cha JW, Hyun CL, Boo SJ, Na SY, Cho SJ, Hyun JW. Cytoprotective effects of 6′-O-galloylpaeoniflorin against ultraviolet B radiation-induced cell damage in human keratinocytes. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2014; 50:664-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-014-9747-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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63
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DNA binding, docking studies, artificial nuclease activity and in vitro cytotoxicity of newly synthesized steroidal 1H–pyrimidines. CR CHIM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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64
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Srinivasan M, Kalpana KB, Devipriya N, Menon VP. Protective effect of lycopene on whole body irradiation induced liver damage of Swiss albino mice: Pathological evaluation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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65
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Parveen M, Malla AM, Alam M, Ahmad F, Silva PSP, Silva MR. Two new phenolic compounds from Ficus rumphii and their antiproliferative activity. Nat Prod Res 2014; 28:646-52. [PMID: 24666236 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.891201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Two new compounds 2 and 4, along with two known compounds 1 and 3, were isolated for the first time from 95% ethanolic extract of the leaves of Ficus rumphii. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physical evidences (elemental analysis, UV, IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR and mass spectra) and comparison with the literature compounds. Structural authentication of compound 4 was further validated by single-crystal X-ray analysis and DFT calculations. The compounds 1-4 were screened for in vitro cytotoxicity against cancer and non-cancer cells and also tested for genotoxicity (comet assay). Compounds 2 and 4 displayed significant activity against HL-60 with IC50 values of 3.3 and 2.3 μM, respectively. The results revealed that compound 4 has better prospectus to act as cancer chemotherapeutic candidate which warrants further in vivo anticancer investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtab Parveen
- a Division of Natural Products, Department of Chemistry , Aligarh Muslim University , Aligarh 202002 , India
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66
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Vellingiri B, Shanmugam S, Subramaniam MD, Balasubramanian B, Meyyazhagan A, Alagamuthu K, Prakash V, Shafiahammedkhan M, Kathannan S, Pappuswamy M, Raviganesh B, Anand S, Shahnaz N D, Cho SG, Keshavarao S. Cytogenetic endpoints and Xenobiotic gene polymorphism in lymphocytes of hospital workers chronically exposed to ionizing radiation in Cardiology, Radiology and Orthopedic Laboratories. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 100:266-274. [PMID: 24290889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) is known as a classical mutagen capable of inducing various kinds of stable and unstable chromosomal aberrations (CA) including the possibility of increasing the incidence of DNA damage. This study aims to assess occupationally induced CA in workers chronically exposed to low doses of IR in Radiology (RL), Cardiology (CL) and Orthopedic (OL) Laboratories in hospitals of Tamil Nadu. We performed the analysis of CA by trypsin G-banding, micronucleus (MN) assay, Comet assay and Xenobiotic-metabolizing gene polymorphisms (GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1) in 56 exposed and 56 control subjects who were matched for gender and age (± 2 years). Higher degree of CA and MN frequencies were observed in exposed groups, especially in CL subjects compared to other exposed groups and controls (p<0.05). Higher frequency of DNA tail length and tail moment was observed in the CL exposed subjects compared to the RL and OL subjects. The frequencies of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes were 39.3 percent and 14.3 percent, respectively. No significant difference in allele frequencies between exposed subjects and controls were observed (p=0.0128). Using multiple linear regression analysis, statistical significance was determined for work duration and age for the CL, RL and OL workers and the examination of the possible impact by confounding factors showed few significant influences on the radiation exposure, as a specific biomarker. However, the findings from the present study suggest that, awareness should be created among the personnel exposed to radiations in hospital laboratories, highlighting the necessity of applying radiation protection principles against medical radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Sureshkumar Shanmugam
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohana Devi Subramaniam
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Arun Meyyazhagan
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karthickkumar Alagamuthu
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Varsha Prakash
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Sankar Kathannan
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manikantan Pappuswamy
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Banu Raviganesh
- PG and Research Center, Department of Biotechnology, Hindustan College, India
| | | | | | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Molecular Cell Biology and Stem Cell Laboratory, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143 701, South Korea
| | - Sasikala Keshavarao
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
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Stanković N, Mladenović M, Mihailović M, Arambašić J, Uskoković A, Stanković V, Mihailović V, Katanić J, Matić S, Solujić S, Vuković N, Sukdolak S. Synthesis and toxicological studies of in vivo anticoagulant activity of novel 3-(1-aminoethylidene)chroman-2,4-diones and 4-hydroxy-3-(1-iminoethyl)-2H-chromen-2-ones combined with a structure-based 3-D pharmacophore model. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 55:20-35. [PMID: 24468630 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Eight synthesized 3-(1-aminoethylidene)chroman-2,4-diones and 4-hydroxy-3-(1-iminoethyl)-2H-chromen-2-ones were evaluated as in vivo anticoagulants by intraperitoneal application to adult male Wistar rats in order to examine their pharmacological potential, evaluate ther toxicity and propose the mechanism of action. Two of them, 2f and 2a, in concentration of 2mg/kg of body weight, presented remarkable activity (PT=130s; PT=90s) upon seven days of continuous application. The results of rat serum and liver biochemical screening, as well those of histopathological studies, proved the compounds to be non-toxic. Activity of the compounds was further examined on the molecular level. Here, molecular docking studies were performed to position the compounds in relation to the active site of VKORC1 and determine the bioactive conformations. Docking results suggested a non-covalent mode of action during which the proton transfer occurs from Cys135 SH towards 4-carbonyl group of anticoagulant. All crucial interactions for anticoagulant activity were confirmed in generated structure-based 3-D pharmacophore model, consisted of hydrogen bond acceptor and hydrophobic aromatic features, and quantified by a best correlation coefficient of 0.97.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevena Stanković
- Kragujevac Center for Computational Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, P.O. Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Milan Mladenović
- Kragujevac Center for Computational Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, P.O. Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Mihailović
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Arambašić
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Uskoković
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Stanković
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Svetozara Markovića 69, P.O. Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Mihailović
- Kragujevac Center for Computational Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, P.O. Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jelena Katanić
- Kragujevac Center for Computational Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, P.O. Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sanja Matić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, P.O. Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Slavica Solujić
- Kragujevac Center for Computational Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, P.O. Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nenad Vuković
- Kragujevac Center for Computational Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, P.O. Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Slobodan Sukdolak
- Kragujevac Center for Computational Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, P.O. Box 60, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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68
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Cha JW, Piao MJ, Kim KC, Zheng J, Yao CW, Hyun CL, Kang HK, Yoo ES, Koh YS, Lee NH, Ko MH, Hyun JW. Protective Effect of 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid Isolated from Cladophora wrightiana Harvey Against Ultraviolet B Radiation-Induced Cell Damage in Human HaCaT Keratinocytes. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 172:2582-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0711-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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69
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Uzzaman S, Dar AM, Sohail A, Bhat S, mustafa MF, Khan Y. Synthesis, molecular docking and biological evaluation of new steroidal 4H-pyrans. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 117:493-501. [PMID: 24021949 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of new steroidal 4H-pyrans (4-6) have been synthesized from steroidal α, β-unsaturated ketones (1-3). The products (4-6) were characterized by IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, MS and analytical data. The interaction studies of compounds (4-6) with DNA were carried out by employing gel electrophoresis, UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The gel electrophoresis pattern revealed that compounds (4-6) bind to DNA and also demonstrated that the compound 6 alone or in presence of Cu (II) causes the nicking of supercoiled pBR322. The compounds 4 and 5 bind to DNA preferentially through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions with Kb values found to be 5.3×10(3) and 3.7×10(3) M(-1), respectively, indicating the higher binding affinity of compound 4 towards DNA. The docking study suggested the intercalation of compounds in between the nucleotide base pairs. The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the newly synthesized compounds were checked by MTT and comet assay, respectively during which compound 6 showed potential behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shams Uzzaman
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, India.
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70
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Goyary D, Chattopadhyay P, Giri S, Aher V, Upadhyay A, Veer V. Ochratoxin A induces cytotoxicity, DNA damage and apoptosis in rat hepatocyte primary cell culture at nanomolar concentration. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2014. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2013.1627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA), a mycotoxin produced by several species of Aspergillus and Penicillum, is widely found as a contaminant of food. OTA exhibits a wide range of toxic activities, including nephro- and hepatotoxicity. Although the mechanisms of its genotoxicity and carcinogenicity have been studied before, many controversial results have been published. In addition, the studies were mostly conducted with kidney cells. Therefore, the present study used a primary culture of Wistar rat hepatocytes incubated with increasing concentrations of OTA (2.0-6.0 nanomolar). OTA treatment showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity and DNA damage. Further, flow cytometric analysis of hepatocytes showed dose-dependent apoptosis, suggesting that OTA-induced hepatotoxicity is, may be partly, mediated by apoptosis. Vascular endothelial growth factor gene, a potent pro-angiogenic in hepatocellular carcinoma and responsible for hepatocyte regeneration, did not show any change with OTA treatment, as analysed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Thus, the present data indicated OTA-induced rat hepatotoxicity in vitro at nanomolar concentration, which inferred a major possible target other than kidney cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Goyary
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Post Bag No.2, Tezpur 784 001, Assam, India
| | - P. Chattopadhyay
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Post Bag No.2, Tezpur 784 001, Assam, India
| | - S. Giri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Gupta College of Technological Science, Ashram more, G.T. Road, Asansol 713 301, West Bengal, India
| | - V. Aher
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Post Bag No.2, Tezpur 784 001, Assam, India
| | - A. Upadhyay
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Post Bag No.2, Tezpur 784 001, Assam, India
| | - V. Veer
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Post Bag No.2, Tezpur 784 001, Assam, India
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71
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Ramyaa P, krishnaswamy R, Padma VV. Quercetin modulates OTA-induced oxidative stress and redox signalling in HepG2 cells — up regulation of Nrf2 expression and down regulation of NF-κB and COX-2. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:681-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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72
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Physico-chemical characterization and the in vitro genotoxicity of medical implants metal alloy (TiAlV and CoCrMo) and polyethylene particles in human lymphocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:565-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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73
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Shamsuzzaman, Dar AM, Khan Y, Sohail A. Synthesis and biological studies of steroidal pyran based derivatives. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 129:36-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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74
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Ochratoxin-induced toxicity, oxidative stress and apoptosis ameliorated by quercetin – Modulation by Nrf2. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 62:205-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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75
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Piao MJ, Kim KC, Chae S, Keum YS, Kim HS, Hyun JW. Protective Effect of Fisetin (3,7,3',4'-Tetrahydroxyflavone) against γ-Irradiation-Induced Oxidative Stress and Cell Damage. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2013; 21:210-5. [PMID: 24265866 PMCID: PMC3830119 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2013.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation can induce cellular oxidative stress through the generation of reactive oxygen species, resulting in cell damage and cell death. The aim of this study was to determine whether the antioxidant effects of the flavonoid fisetin (3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone) included the radioprotection of cells exposed to γ-irradiation. Fisetin reduced the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species generated by γ-irradiation and thereby protected cells against γ-irradiation-induced membrane lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and protein carbonylation. In addition, fisetin maintained the viability of irradiated cells by partially inhibiting γ-irradiation-induced apoptosis and restoring mitochondrial membrane potential. These effects suggest that the cellular protective effects of fisetin against γ-irradiation are mainly due to its inhibition of reactive oxygen species generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Jing Piao
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756
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76
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Sobkowiak R, Musidlak J, Lesicki A. In vitrogenoprotective and genotoxic effect of nicotine on human leukocytes evaluated by the comet assay. Drug Chem Toxicol 2013; 37:322-8. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2013.851693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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77
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Yao CW, Piao MJ, Kim KC, Zheng J, Cha JW, Hyun JW. 6'-o-galloylpaeoniflorin protects human keratinocytes against oxidative stress-induced cell damage. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2013; 21:349-57. [PMID: 24244822 PMCID: PMC3825198 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2013.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
6'-O-galloylpaeoniflorin (GPF) is a galloylated derivate of paeoniflorin and a key chemical constituent of the peony root, a perennial flowering plant that is widely used as an herbal medicine in East Asia. This study is the first investigation of the cytoprotective effects of GPF against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cell injury and death in human HaCaT keratinocytes. GPF demonstrated a significant scavenging capacity against the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, H2O2-generated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), the superoxide anion radical (O2-), and the hydroxyl radical (•OH). GPF also safeguarded HaCaT keratinocytes against H2O2-provoked apoptotic cell death and attenuated oxidative macromolecular damage to DNA, lipids, and proteins. The compound exerted its cytoprotective actions in keratinocytes at least in part by decreasing the number of DNA strand breaks, the levels of 8-isoprostane (a stable end-product of lipid peroxidation), and the formation of carbonylated protein species. Taken together, these results indicate that GPF may be developed as a cytoprotector against ROS-mediated oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wen Yao
- School of Medicine and Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
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78
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Wang Y, Xu C, Du LQ, Cao J, Liu JX, Su X, Zhao H, Fan FY, Wang B, Katsube T, Fan SJ, Liu Q. Evaluation of the comet assay for assessing the dose-response relationship of DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:22449-61. [PMID: 24240807 PMCID: PMC3856073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141122449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dose- and time-response curves were combined to assess the potential of the comet assay in radiation biodosimetry. The neutral comet assay was used to detect DNA double-strand breaks in lymphocytes caused by γ-ray irradiation. A clear dose-response relationship with DNA double-strand breaks using the comet assay was found at different times after irradiation (p < 0.001). A time-response relationship was also found within 72 h after irradiation (p < 0.001). The curves for DNA double-strand breaks and DNA repair in vitro of human lymphocytes presented a nice model, and a smooth, three-dimensional plane model was obtained when the two curves were combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China; E-Mails: (Y.W.); (C.X.); (L.Q.D.); (J.C.); (F.-Y.F.); (S.J.F.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, First Clinical Department of Medical Emergency Response Center for Nuclear Accidents, Ministry of Health, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China; E-Mails: (Y.W.); (C.X.); (L.Q.D.); (J.C.); (F.-Y.F.); (S.J.F.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, First Clinical Department of Medical Emergency Response Center for Nuclear Accidents, Ministry of Health, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Li Qing Du
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China; E-Mails: (Y.W.); (C.X.); (L.Q.D.); (J.C.); (F.-Y.F.); (S.J.F.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, First Clinical Department of Medical Emergency Response Center for Nuclear Accidents, Ministry of Health, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Jia Cao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China; E-Mails: (Y.W.); (C.X.); (L.Q.D.); (J.C.); (F.-Y.F.); (S.J.F.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, First Clinical Department of Medical Emergency Response Center for Nuclear Accidents, Ministry of Health, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Jian Xiang Liu
- National Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control, Beijing 100088, China; E-Mails: (J.X.L.); (X.S.)
- Medical Emergency Response Center for Nuclear Accidents, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Xu Su
- National Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control, Beijing 100088, China; E-Mails: (J.X.L.); (X.S.)
- Medical Emergency Response Center for Nuclear Accidents, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China; E-Mail:
| | - Fei-Yue Fan
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China; E-Mails: (Y.W.); (C.X.); (L.Q.D.); (J.C.); (F.-Y.F.); (S.J.F.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, First Clinical Department of Medical Emergency Response Center for Nuclear Accidents, Ministry of Health, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Bing Wang
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; E-Mails: (B.W.); (T.K.)
| | - Takanori Katsube
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; E-Mails: (B.W.); (T.K.)
| | - Sai Jun Fan
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China; E-Mails: (Y.W.); (C.X.); (L.Q.D.); (J.C.); (F.-Y.F.); (S.J.F.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, First Clinical Department of Medical Emergency Response Center for Nuclear Accidents, Ministry of Health, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China; E-Mails: (Y.W.); (C.X.); (L.Q.D.); (J.C.); (F.-Y.F.); (S.J.F.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, First Clinical Department of Medical Emergency Response Center for Nuclear Accidents, Ministry of Health, Tianjin 300192, China
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-22-8568-0279; Fax: +86-22-8568-3033
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79
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Khan A, Manna K, Bose C, Sinha M, Das DK, Kesh SB, Chakrabarty A, Banerji A, Dey S. Gossypetin, a naturally occurring hexahydroxy flavone, ameliorates gamma radiation-mediated DNA damage. Int J Radiat Biol 2013; 89:965-75. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2013.811310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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80
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Garaj-Vrhovac V, Oreščanin V, Gajski G, Gerić M, Ruk D, Kollar R, Radić Brkanac S, Cvjetko P. Toxicological characterization of the landfill leachate prior/after chemical and electrochemical treatment: a study on human and plant cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:939-945. [PMID: 23790829 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this research, toxicological safety of two newly developed methods for the treatment of landfill leachate from the Piškornica (Croatia) sanitary landfill was investigated. Chemical treatment procedure combined chemical precipitation with CaO followed by coagulation with ferric chloride and final adsorption by clinoptilolite. Electrochemical treatment approach included pretreatment with ozone followed by electrooxidation/electrocoagulation and final polishing by microwave irradiation. Cell viability of untreated/treated landfill leachate was examined using fluorescence microscopy. Cytotoxic effect of the original leachate was obtained for both exposure periods (4 and 24 h) while treated samples showed no cytotoxic effect even after prolonged exposure time. The potential DNA damage of the untreated/treated landfill leachate was evaluated by the comet assay and cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay using either human or plant cells. The original leachate exhibited significantly higher comet assay parameters compared to negative control after 24 h exposure. On the contrary, there was no significant difference between negative control and chemically/electrochemically treated leachate for any of the parameters tested. There was also no significant increase in either CBMN assay parameter compared to the negative control following the exposure of the lymphocytes to the chemically or electrochemically treated landfill leachate for both exposure periods while the original sample showed significantly higher number of micronuclei, nucleoplasmic bridges and nuclear buds for both exposure times. Results suggest that both methods are suitable for the treatment of such complex waste effluent due to high removal efficiency of all measured parameters and toxicological safety of the treated effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Garaj-Vrhovac
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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81
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Ojha A, Yaduvanshi SK, Pant SC, Lomash V, Srivastava N. Evaluation of DNA damage and cytotoxicity induced by three commonly used organophosphate pesticides individually and in mixture, in rat tissues. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2013; 28:543-52. [PMID: 21786386 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate pesticides are among the most widely used synthetic chemicals for controlling a wide variety of pests. Chlorpyrifos (CPF), methyl parathion (MPT), and malathion (MLT) are among the most extensively used organophosphate (OP) pesticides. The main target of action of OP compounds is the central and peripheral nervous system, although it has also been postulated that these compounds in both acute and chronic intoxication, disturb the redox processes and thus induce oxidative stress. The excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causes damage to all vital macromolecules including lipids, proteins, and DNA. This study was aimed to investigate the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of CPF, MPT, and MLT when given singly or in combination. The DNA damage was measured by alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis or comet assay and expressed as DNA damage index. The results showed that both acute and chronic exposure with CPF, MPT, and MLT, caused significantly marked DNA damage in rat tissues namely, liver, brain, kidney, and spleen, when measured 24 hour posttreatment. It was also observed that MPT caused highest level of DNA damage and brain was maximally affected by these OP compounds. When these pesticides were given in mixture, the damage was not the sum of damage caused by individual pesticide, confirming that these pesticides do not potentiate the toxicity of each other. When the DNA damage was measured 48 and 72 hour posttreatment, the damage was partially repaired. Pesticide exposure also caused histopathological changes in rat tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Ojha
- School of Studies in Biochemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474 011, India
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82
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Marimuthu S, Balakrishnan P, Nair S. Phytochemical investigation and radical scavenging activities of Melia azedarach and its DNA protective effect in cultured lymphocytes. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:1331-1340. [PMID: 23767787 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.791323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Melia azedarach Linn (Meliaceae) is an Ayurvedic medicinal plant which is native to India. It is traditionally used for the treatment of leprosy, inflammation, scrofula, anthelmintic, antilithic, diuretic, deobstruent and cardiac disorders. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activities of the ethanol leaf extract of Melia azedarach (MA) and its protective effect against H2O2-induced cellular damage in cultured lymphocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS The dose-dependent study of MA (20, 40, 60, 80, 100 µg/ml) was used to study in vitro radical scavenging assays. The effective dose of MA (60 µg/ml) was further used to study the H2O2-induced DNA damage (comet assay and DNA fragmentation assay) in cultured lymphocytes. RESULTS The ethanol extract of MA (20, 40, 60, 80, 100 µg/ml) exhibited a significant dose-dependent inhibition of in vitro radical scavenging assays and their corresponding IC50 values as follows: hydroxyl radical (26.50 ± 0.26 µg/ml), superoxide anion (30.00 ± 0.32 µg/ml), nitric oxide radical (48.00 ± 0.48 µg/ml), DPPH radical (30.55 ± 0.32 µg/ml) and reducing power (22.00 ± 0.22 µg/ml). The increase in the severity of DNA damage and TBARS was increased significantly (p<0.05) at 500 µM H2O2-treated cultured lymphocytes and RBC cellular membranes. The phytochemical screening studies identified 13 chemical constituents present in the leaf extract of MA. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrate that MA offers protection against H2O2-induced cellular damage and it can be developed as an effective antioxidant during oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasan Marimuthu
- Ayurveda Research Institute for Mother & Child health Care, Poojapura, Trivandrum, India
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83
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Radioprotective effects of gallic acid in mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:953079. [PMID: 24069607 PMCID: PMC3771270 DOI: 10.1155/2013/953079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Radioprotecting ability of the natural polyphenol, gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, GA), was investigated in Swiss albino mice. Oral administration of GA (100 mg/kg body weight), one hour prior to whole body gamma radiation exposure (2–8 Gy; 6 animals/group), reduced the radiation-induced cellular DNA damage in mouse peripheral blood leukocytes, bone marrow cells, and spleenocytes as revealed by comet assay. The GA administration also prevented the radiation-induced decrease in the levels of the antioxidant enzyme, glutathione peroxidise (GPx), and nonprotein thiol glutathione (GSH) and inhibited the peroxidation of membrane lipids in these animals. Exposure of mice to whole body gamma radiation also caused the formation of micronuclei in blood reticulocytes and chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow cells, and the administration of GA resulted in the inhibition of micronucleus formation and chromosomal aberrations. In irradiated animals, administration of GA elicited an enhancement in the rate of DNA repair process and a significant increase in endogenous spleen colony formation. The administration of GA also prevented the radiation-induced weight loss and mortality in animals (10 animals/group) exposed to lethal dose (10 Gy) of gamma radiation. (For every experiment unirradiated animals without GA administration were taken as normal control; specific dose (Gy) irradiated animals without GA administration serve as radiation control; and unirradiated GA treated animals were taken as drug alone control).
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84
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Fisetin attenuates hydrogen peroxide-induced cell damage by scavenging reactive oxygen species and activating protective functions of cellular glutathione system. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2013; 50:66-74. [PMID: 23982916 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-013-9681-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) can induce cell damage by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in DNA damage and cell death. The aim of this study is to elucidate the protective effects of fisetin (3,7,3',4',-tetrahydroxy flavone) against H2O2-induced cell damage. Fisetin reduced the level of superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical in cell free system, and intracellular ROS generated by H2O2. Moreover, fisetin protected against H2O2-induced membrane lipid peroxidation, cellular DNA damage, and protein carbonylation, which are the primary cellular outcomes of H2O2 treatment. Furthermore, fisetin increased the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) and expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit, which is decreased by H2O2. Conversely, a GSH inhibitor abolished the cytoprotective effect of fisetin against H2O2-induced cells damage. Taken together, our results suggest that fisetin protects against H2O2-induced cell damage by inhibiting ROS generation, thereby maintaining the protective role of the cellular GSH system.
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85
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BAI TAO, DONG DAOSONG, PEI LING. Resveratrol mitigates isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis by inhibiting the activation of the Akt-regulated mitochondrial apoptotic signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:819-26. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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86
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Shamsuzzaman, Dar AM, Yaseen Z, Alam K, Hussain A, Gatoo MA. Steroidal pyrimidines: Synthesis, characterization, molecular docking studies with DNA and in vitro cytotoxicity. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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87
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Thangapandiyan S, Miltonprabu S. Epigallocatechin gallate effectively ameliorates fluoride-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in the liver of rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 91:528-37. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2012-0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to sodium fluoride (NaF) compounds is a worldwide health concern. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a green tea catechin found in a variety of green tea preparations. The intention of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective role of EGCG in NaF-intoxicated rats. Rats were orally treated with NaF alone (25 mg·(kg body mass)−1·day−1) or plus EGCG at different doses (20, 40, and 80 mg·(kg body mass)−1·day−1) for 4 weeks. Hepatotoxicity of NaF was determined by increased levels of serum hepatospecific markers and total bilirubin, along with increased levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, lipid hydroperoxides, protein carbonyl content, and conjugated dienes. The hepatotoxic nature of NaF was further evidenced by the decreased activity of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant levels in liver. NaF-treated rats also showed increased DNA damage and fragmentation in hepatocytes. Administration of EGCG (40 mg·(kg body mass)−1) to NaF-intoxicated rats significantly recuperated the distorted biochemical indices, DNA damage, and pathological changes in the liver tissue. Thus, the results of the present study clearly demonstrate that EGCG has strong free radical scavenging, antioxidant, and antigenotoxic properties that protect against NaF-induced oxidative hepatic injury in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Selvaraj Miltonprabu
- Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamilnadu, India
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88
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Gandhi NM. Baicalein protects mice against radiation-induced DNA damages and genotoxicity. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 379:277-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1649-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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89
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Protective role of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) flower extract against cadmium- and lead-induced cytotoxicity and transforming growth factor β1-stimulated expression of smooth muscle α-actin estimated with rat liver cell lines. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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90
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Liju VB, Jeena K, Kuttan R. Acute and subchronic toxicity as well as mutagenic evaluation of essential oil from turmeric (Curcuma longa L). Food Chem Toxicol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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91
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Empetrum nigrum var. japonicum Extract Suppresses Ultraviolet B-Induced Cell Damage via Absorption of Radiation and Inhibition of Oxidative Stress. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:983609. [PMID: 23476710 PMCID: PMC3588204 DOI: 10.1155/2013/983609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study focused on the protective actions of Empetrum nigrum against ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation in human HaCaT keratinocytes. An ethyl acetate extract of E. nigrum (ENE) increased cell viability decreased by exposure to UVB rays. ENE also absorbed UVB radiation and scavenged UVB-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HaCaT keratinocytes. In addition, ENE shielded HaCaT keratinocytes from damage to cellular components (e.g., peroxidation of lipids, modification of proteins, and breakage of DNA strands) following UVB irradiation. Furthermore, ENE protected against UVB-induced apoptotic cell death, as determined by a reduction in the numbers of apoptotic bodies and sub-G1 hypodiploid cells, as well as by the recovery of mitochondrial membrane potential. The results of the current study therefore suggest that ENE safeguards human keratinocytes against UVB-induced cellular damage via the absorption of UVB ray and scavenging of UVB-generated ROS.
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92
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Wang J, Xu HW, Li BS, Zhang J, Cheng J. Preliminary Study of Protective Effects of Flavonoids against Radiation-induced Lung Injury in Mice. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:6441-6. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.12.6441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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93
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An ethanol extract derived from Bonnemaisonia hamifera scavenges ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation-induced reactive oxygen species and attenuates UVB-induced cell damage in human keratinocytes. Mar Drugs 2012; 10:2826-45. [PMID: 23242204 PMCID: PMC3528129 DOI: 10.3390/md10122826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the photoprotective properties of an ethanol extract derived from the red alga Bonnemaisonia hamifera against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced cell damage in human HaCaT keratinocytes. The Bonnemaisonia hamifera ethanol extract (BHE) scavenged the superoxide anion generated by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system and the hydroxyl radical generated by the Fenton reaction (FeSO4 + H2O2), both of which were detected by using electron spin resonance spectrometry. In addition, BHE exhibited scavenging activity against the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) that were induced by either hydrogen peroxide or UVB radiation. BHE reduced UVB-induced apoptosis, as shown by decreased apoptotic body formation and DNA fragmentation. BHE also attenuated DNA damage and the elevated levels of 8-isoprostane and protein carbonyls resulting from UVB-mediated oxidative stress. Furthermore, BHE absorbed electromagnetic radiation in the UVB range (280–320 nm). These results suggest that BHE protects human HaCaT keratinocytes against UVB-induced oxidative damage by scavenging ROS and absorbing UVB photons, thereby reducing injury to cellular components.
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94
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Firdous AP, Sindhu ER, Ramnath V, Kuttan R. Amelioration of radiation-induced damages in mice by carotenoid meso-zeaxanthin. Int J Radiat Biol 2012; 89:171-81. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2013.741283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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95
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Moktar A, Ravoori S, Vadhanam MV, Pan J, Rai SN, Jenson AB, Parker LP, Gupta RC. Vaginal cells of smokers are more resistant to human papillomavirus infection than that of non-smokers. Exp Mol Pathol 2012; 93:422-7. [PMID: 23137616 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2012.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate effect of HPV and smoking on DNA double-strand breaks in vaginal samples, vaginal specimens collected from participants (n=76) were classified based on HPV and smoking status, and DNA double-strand breaks measured using comet assay. Mean tail length (31.2±18.7μm) and tail moment (2.4±2.8 arbitrary units) for HPV-positive patients were lower (p<0.001) compared with HPV-negative patients (61.7±22.6μm; 8.7±4.9AU). Never-smokers were found to have a higher level (p<0.001) of double-strand breaks (57.7±24.5μm, 7.5±5.5AU) compared with ever smokers (35.3±21.9μm; 3.4±3.7AU). Among HPV infected patients, never-smokers have more double-strand breaks compared to smokers (p<0.001) which correlated with age (p<0.001). Highly differentiated vaginal epithelium may be resistant to DNA damage associated with HPV infection and smoking, which may be attributed to adoptive survival mechanisms of vaginal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsoon Moktar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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96
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Kalpana KB, Vishwanathan P, Thayalan K, Menon VP. Protective effect of dendrodoine analog, an aminothiazole derivative against X-radiation induced hepatocellular damage in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 34:832-840. [PMID: 23127424 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the radioprotective effect of dendrodoine analog (DA) against radiation-induced damage in the liver of mice. The study was divided into two phases; in the first phase, the effective concentration of DA was fixed by performing a survival study. In the second phase, the fixed effective concentration of DA was orally administered to mice to evaluate its radioprotective efficacy by performing various assays. The results indicated that the radiation-induced decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and comet parameters were altered by pre-administration with the effective concentration of DA which restored the antioxidant status to near normal and decreased the level of the TBARS and comet parameters. The histopathological examinations further confirmed the hepatoprotective effect of DA in mice. Thus, the current study showed DA to be an effective radioprotector against radiation induced damage in the liver of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Kalpana
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
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97
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Jang J, Ye BR, Heo SJ, Oh C, Kang DH, Kim JH, Affan A, Yoon KT, Choi YU, Park SC, Han S, Qian ZJ, Jung WK, Choi IW. Photo-oxidative stress by ultraviolet-B radiation and antioxidative defense of eckstolonol in human keratinocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 34:926-34. [PMID: 22999063 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiation has been known to generate oxidative stress by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) in skin cells. Several naturally occurring antioxidant compounds isolated from marine algae are believed to protect against ROS. In this study, we assessed the antioxidative effect of eckstolonol isolated from Ecklonia cava against UV-B-induced ROS in human keratinocytes (HaCaTs). We investigated the effects of photo-oxidative stress by UV-B (50 mJ/cm(2)) and the antioxidative effects of eckstolonol using fluorometry, flow cytometry, microscopy, and cell viability and comet assays. UV-B irradiation decreased cell viability, which was restored in a dose-dependent manner with eckstolonol treatment (0, 5, 50, 100, and 200 μM). Moreover, eckstolonol reduced UV-B-induced ROS, lipid peroxidation, damaged DNA levels, and cell death. These antioxidative effects seem to be due to the enzymatic activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Collectively, these results indicate that eckstolonol is capable of protecting keratinocytes from photo-oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyi Jang
- Global Bioresources Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Ansan 426-744, Republic of Korea
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98
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Chondracanthus tenellus (Harvey) hommersand extract protects the human keratinocyte cell line by blocking free radicals and UVB radiation-induced cell damage. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2012; 48:666-74. [PMID: 23093465 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-012-9564-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of the ethanol extract of the red algae Chondracanthus tenellus (Harvey) Hommersand (CTE) on cultured human keratinocyte cell line. The cellular protection conferred by CTE was evidenced by the ability of the extract to absorb ultraviolet B (UVB; 280-320 nm) and to scavenge the radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, as well as intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), induced by either hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) or UVB radiation. In addition, both superoxide anion generated by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system and hydroxyl radical generated by the Fenton reaction (FeSO(4) + H(2)O(2)) were scavenged by CTE, as confirmed using electron spin resonance spectrometry. In the human keratinocyte cell line, CTE decreased the degree of injury resulting from UVB-induced oxidative stress to lipids, proteins, and DNA. CTE-treated cells also showed a reduction in UVB-induced apoptosis, as exemplified by fewer apoptotic bodies and less DNA fragmentation. Taken together, these results suggest that CTE confers protection on the human keratinocyte cell line against UVB-induced oxidative stress by absorbing UVB ray and scavenging ROS, thereby reducing injury to cellular constituents.
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99
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Piao MJ, Lee NH, Chae S, Hyun JW. Eckol inhibits ultraviolet B-induced cell damage in human keratinocytes via a decrease in oxidative stress. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 35:873-80. [PMID: 22687478 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.35.873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In previous reports, the antioxidant effects of eckol were shown to protect cells against hydrogen peroxide- and gamma ray-induced oxidative stress. In this study, the role of eckol in protecting human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) against UVB-induced oxidative cell damage was investigated. Also, triphlorethol-A, one of the chemical components in Ecklonia cava, and quercetin a well known antioxidant, were compared with eckol in terms of antioxidant activity based on chemical structure. Eckol decreased UVB-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased injury to cellular components resulting from UVB-induced oxidative stress, and restored cell viability. In addition, eckol reduced UVB-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the disruption of mitochondrial membranes. These results suggest that eckol protects human keratinocytes against UVB-induced oxidative stress by scavenging ROS, thereby lessening injury to cellular components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Jing Piao
- School of Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Republic of Korea
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100
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Baicalein (5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone) reduces oxidative stress-induced DNA damage by upregulating the DNA repair system. Cell Biol Toxicol 2012; 28:421-33. [PMID: 23011636 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-012-9233-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) induces DNA base modifications and DNA strand breaks. In this study, the protective effect of baicalein against H(2)O(2)-induced DNA damage was investigated in V79-4 Chinese hamster fibroblast cells. H(2)O(2) treatment increased the levels of intracellular ROS and DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and decreased the level of Ku70 protein and the phosphorylation (activation) of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), which are involved in the repair of DSBs by nonhomologous end joining. Baicalein effectively scavenged intracellular ROS induced by H(2)O(2), reduced DSBs, and rescued Ku70 protein level and phosphorylation of DNA-PKcs. In cellular response to DNA base damage, 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1) plays a vital role in the removal of 8-oxoguanine (8-OxoG), which is formed mainly by oxidative stress. Baicalein significantly decreased the levels of 8-OxoG induced by H(2)O(2), and this correlated with increases in OGG1 promoter activity and OGG1 mRNA and protein expression. The phosphorylated form of Akt kinase, which is a regulator of OGG1, was sharply decreased by H(2)O(2), but was prevented by baicalein. A specific Akt inhibitor abolished the cytoprotective effects of baicalein, suggesting that OGG1 induction by baicalein involves the Akt pathway. In conclusion, baicalein exerted protective effects against DNA damage induced by oxidative stress by activating DNA repair systems and scavenging ROS.
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