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Wang Y, Huang L, Shen Y, Tang L, Sun R, Shi D, Webster TJ, Tu J, Sun C. Electrostatic interactions between polyglutamic acid and polylysine yields stable polyion complex micelles for deoxypodophyllotoxin delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:7963-7977. [PMID: 29133981 PMCID: PMC5669785 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s140573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To achieve enhanced physical stability of poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(d,l-lactide) polymeric micelles (PEG-PDLLA PMs), a mixture of methoxy PEG-PDLLA-polyglutamate (mPEG-PDLLA-PLG) and mPEG-PDLLA-poly(l-lysine) (mPEG-PDLLA-PLL) copolymers was applied to self-assembled stable micelles with polyion-stabilized cores. Prior to micelle preparation, the synthetic copolymers were characterized by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared spectroscopy (IR), and their molecular weights were calculated by 1H-NMR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Dialysis was used to prepare PMs with deoxypodophyllotoxin (DPT). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that DPT polyion complex micelles (DPT-PCMs) were spherical, with uniform distribution and particle sizes of 36.3±0.8 nm. In addition, compared with nonpeptide-modified DPT-PMs, the stability of DPT-PCMs was significantly improved under various temperatures. In the meantime, the pH sensitivity induced by charged peptides allowed them to have a stronger antitumor effect and a pH-triggered release profile. As a result, the dynamic characteristic of DPT-PCM was retained, and high biocompatibility of DPT-PCM was observed in an in vivo study. These results indicated that the interaction of anionic and cationic charged polyionic segments could be an effective strategy to control drug release and to improve the stability of polymer-based nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Wang
- Center for Research Development and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, China Pharmaceutical University
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing
| | - Liping Huang
- Center for Research Development and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, China Pharmaceutical University
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yan Shen
- Center for Research Development and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, China Pharmaceutical University
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Lidan Tang
- Center for Research Development and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, China Pharmaceutical University
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University
- Changzhou Second People’s Hospital, Changzhou
| | - Runing Sun
- Center for Research Development and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, China Pharmaceutical University
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Shi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiasheng Tu
- Center for Research Development and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, China Pharmaceutical University
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Chunmeng Sun
- Center for Research Development and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, China Pharmaceutical University
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University
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Sun WX, Ji YJ, Wan Y, Han HW, Lin HY, Lu GH, Qi JL, Wang XM, Yang YH. Design and synthesis of piperazine acetate podophyllotoxin ester derivatives targeting tubulin depolymerization as new anticancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4066-4074. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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53
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Xu XH, Guan XW, Feng SL, Ma YZ, Chen SW, Hui L. One-pot synthesis and biological evaluation of N -(aminosulfonyl)-4-podophyllotoxin carbamates as potential anticancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:2890-2894. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zi CT, Yang L, Gao W, Li Y, Zhou J, Ding ZT, Hu JM, Jiang ZH. Click Glycosylation for the Synthesis of 1,2,3-Triazole-Linked Picropodophyllotoxin Glycoconjugates and Their Anticancer Activity. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ting Zi
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Agricultural University; Kunming 650201 China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming 650201 China
| | - Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming 650201 China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming 650201 China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming 650201 China
| | - Zhong-Tao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Nature Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology; Yunnan University; Kunming 650091 China
| | - Jiang-Miao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming 650201 China
| | - Zi-Hua Jiang
- Department of Chemistry; Lakehead University; 955 Oliver Road Thunder Bay ON P7B 5E1 Canada
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Keilholz U, Rohde L, Mehlitz P, Knoedler M, Schmittel A, Kümmerlen V, Klinghammer K, Treasure P, Lassus M, Steventon G, Machacek M, Utku N. First-in-man dose escalation and pharmacokinetic study of CAP7.1, a novel prodrug of etoposide, in adults with refractory solid tumours. Eur J Cancer 2017; 80:14-25. [PMID: 28531881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM An open-label, phase I dose-escalation trial was performed in adult patients with various solid cancers to identify the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), to assess the safety, pharmacokinetic profile and anti-tumour activity of the new prodrug CAP7.1. The prodrug is converted to its active moiety etoposide via carboxylesterases in selective cells leading to a better tolerability and higher efficacy in therapeutic resistance cells and children with refractory neuroblastoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eligible adult patients with advanced, refractory, solid malignancies received CAP7.1 as intravenous infusion on 5 consecutive days. Doses were escalated in four cohorts consisting of three to six patients, with a starting dose of 45 mg/m2/day. Treatment cycles were repeated in 21-day intervals in the absence of disease progression and prohibitive toxicity. The safety, pharmacokinetics and efficacy were evaluated, and the MTD and dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) were determined. RESULTS Nineteen patients were assigned to four CAP7.1 dose cohorts (45, 90, 150 and 200 mg/m2/day). CAP7.1 was well tolerated. Haematotoxicity was observed at the two highest dose levels including three DLTs (two febrile neutropenia and one sepsis) only and were reversible with adequate therapy. No organ toxicity was observed. Non-haematological toxicities (mild-moderate) consist mainly of nausea, fatigue, vomiting, pyrexia and alopecia. One partial response and 11 stable diseases were observed as supporting signs of efficacy. CONCLUSION MTD of CAP7.1 was reached at the dose of 200 mg/m2. A favourable safety profile and initial anti-tumour efficacy of CAP7.1 in therapeutic refractory tumours warrant further evaluation in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Keilholz
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Campus Mitte & Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - L Rohde
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité University of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - P Mehlitz
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité University of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Knoedler
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Campus Mitte & Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Schmittel
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Campus Mitte & Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - V Kümmerlen
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Campus Mitte & Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - K Klinghammer
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Campus Mitte & Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - M Lassus
- M Lassus Consulting, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - N Utku
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité University of Medicine, Berlin, Germany; CellAct Pharma, Dortmund, Germany.
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Roy A, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Szeitz A, Klassen T, Li SD. Selective targeting and therapy of metastatic and multidrug resistant tumors using a long circulating podophyllotoxin nanoparticle. Biomaterials 2017; 137:11-22. [PMID: 28528299 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Treatment options for metastatic and multidrug resistant (MDR) tumors are limited, and most of the chemotherapeutic drugs exhibit low efficacy against MDR cancers. An anti-tubulin agent podophyllotoxin (PPT) displays high potency against MDR tumor cells. However, due to its poor solubility and non-specificity, PPT cannot be used systemically. We have developed a self-assembling nanoparticle dosage form for PPT (named Celludo) by covalently conjugating PPT and polyethylene glycol (PEG) to acetylated carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Ac) via ester linkages. Celludo displayed extended blood circulation with an 18-fold prolonged half-life (t1/2), 9000-fold higher area under the curve (AUC), and 1000-fold reduced clearance compared to free PPT. Tumor delivery was 500-fold higher in the Cellduo group compared to free PPT. Against the lung metastatic model of EMT6-AR1, Celludo showed selective localization in the metastatic nodules and increased the median survival to 20 d compared to 6-8 d with docetaxel and PPT treatment. In the intraperitoneal metastatic model of human ovarian NCI-ADR/RES tumor, Celludo prolonged the median survival from 50 d to 70 d, whereas the standard therapy PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin showed no effect. No major toxicity was detected with the Celludo treatment. These results demonstrate that Celludo is effective against metastatic and MDR tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Roy
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science (BITS)-Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Yucheng Zhao
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Yang Yang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Andras Szeitz
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Tara Klassen
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Shyh-Dar Li
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Bkhaitan MM, Mirza AZ, Shamshad H, Ali. HI. Identification of potent virtual leads and ADME prediction of isoxazolidine podophyllotoxin derivatives as topoisomerase II and tubulin inhibitors. J Mol Graph Model 2017; 73:74-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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58
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Dimethyl 7-(dimethylamino)-3,4-dihydro-1-(2-oxopropyl)-4-phenylnaphthalene-2,2(1H)-dicarboxylate. MOLBANK 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/m933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Guo Y, Hao C, Wang X, Zhao Y, Han M, Wang M, Wang X. Well-defined podophyllotoxin polyprodrug brushes: preparation via RAFT polymerization and evaluation as drug carriers. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01883a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Novel poly(triethylene glycol methacrylate)-b-poly(podophyllotoxin methacrylate) copolymers (PTP) with a well-defined structure were designed and synthesized by direct RAFT polymerization with the hydrophobic monomer derivative from the anticancer drug podophyllotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100193
- China
| | - Chunying Hao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100193
- China
| | - Xiangkang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yanna Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100193
- China
| | - Meihua Han
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100193
- China
| | - Mincan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Xiangtao Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- Beijing 100193
- China
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Novel Podophyllotoxin Derivatives as Partial PPARγ Agonists and their Effects on Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37323. [PMID: 27853282 PMCID: PMC5112511 DOI: 10.1038/srep37323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is recognized as a key regulator of insulin resistance. In this study, we searched for novel PPARγ agonists in a library of structurally diverse organic compounds and determined that podophyllotoxin exhibits partial agonist activity toward PPARγ. Eight novel podophyllotoxin-like derivatives were synthesized and assayed for toxicity and functional activity toward PPARγ to reduce the possible systemic toxic effects of podophyllotoxin and to maintain partial agonist activity toward PPARγ. Cell-based transactivation assays showed that compounds (E)-3-(hydroxy(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methyl)-4-(4(trifluoromethyl)styryl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (3a) and (E)-4-(3-acetylstyryl)-3-(hydroxyl (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (3f) exhibited partial agonist activity. An experiment using human hepatocarcinoma cells (HepG2) that were induced to become an insulin-resistant model showed that compounds 3a and 3f improved insulin sensitivity and glucose consumption. In addition, compounds 3a and 3f significantly improved hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in high-fat diet-fed streptozotocin (HFD-STZ)-induced type 2 diabetic rats at a dose of 15 mg/kg/day administered orally for 45 days, without significant weight gain. Cell toxicity testing also showed that compounds 3a and 3f exhibited weaker toxicity than pioglitazone. These findings suggested that compounds 3a and 3f improved insulin resistance in vivo and in vitro and that the compounds exhibited potential for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Shrestha N, Shrestha S, Koju L, Shrestha KK, Wang Z. Medicinal plant diversity and traditional healing practices in eastern Nepal. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 192:292-301. [PMID: 27469196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The rich floral and ethnic composition of eastern Nepal and the widespread utilization of locally available medicinal plants offer remarkable opportunity for ethnomedicinal research. The present paper aims to explore medicinal plant diversity and use in the remote villages of eastern Nepal. It also aims to evaluate ethnopharmacological significance of the documented use reports and identify species of high indigenous priority. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was undertaken in four villages located in the Sankhuwasabha district in eastern Nepal. Ethnomedicinal information was collected through structured interviews. The homogeneity of informant's knowledge and the relative importance of documented medicinal plants were validated by informant consensus factor and use value, respectively. Species preference for treatment of particular diseases was evaluated through fidelity level. RESULTS We reported medicinal properties of 48 species belonging to 33 families and 40 genera, for the treatment of 37 human ailments. The uses of 10 medicinal plants were previously undocumented. The informant consensus factor (FIC) ranged between 0.38 and 1 with about 50% of values greater than 0.80 and over 75% of values greater than 0.70, indicating moderate to high consensus among the informants on the use of medicinal plants in the region. Swertia chirayita was the most preferred species with significantly high use values, followed by Paris polyphylla and Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora. CONCLUSIONS The remote villages in eastern Nepal possess rich floral and cultural diversity with strong consensus among informants on utilization of plants for local healthcare. The direct pharmacological evidence for medicinal properties of most species indicates high reliability of documented information. Careful and systematic screening of compounds isolated from these plants could possibly provide good opportunity for the discovery of novel medicines to treat life-threatening human diseases. We recommend prioritization of medicinal plants and reinforcement of existing cultivation practices for sustainable management of high-priority species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal Shrestha
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Saugat Shrestha
- Dhankuta Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan Univeristy, Dhankuta, Nepal
| | - Laxmi Koju
- Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Zhiheng Wang
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Conjugates of podophyllotoxin and norcantharidin as dual inhibitors of topoisomeraseⅡ and protein phosphatase 2A. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:568-576. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Novel Natural Product- and Privileged Scaffold-Based Tubulin Inhibitors Targeting the Colchicine Binding Site. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101375. [PMID: 27754459 PMCID: PMC6273505 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulin inhibitors are effective anticancer agents, however, there are many limitations to the use of available tubulin inhibitors in the clinic, such as multidrug resistance, severe side-effects, and generally poor bioavailability. Thus, there is a constant need to search for novel tubulin inhibitors that can overcome these limitations. Natural product and privileged structures targeting tubulin have promoted the discovery and optimization of tubulin inhibitors. This review will focus on novel tubulin inhibitors derived from natural products and privileged structures targeting the colchicine binding site on tubulin.
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Huang L, Ye L, Li XH, Li ZL, Lin JS, Liu XY. Stereoselective Radical Cyclization Cascades Triggered by Addition of Diverse Radicals to Alkynes To Construct 6(5)–6–5 Fused Rings. Org Lett 2016; 18:5284-5287. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Huang
- Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liu Ye
- Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Li
- Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Li
- Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jin-Shun Lin
- Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Sin S, Kim SG. Stereoselective Cascade Reactions of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes withm-N,N-Dialkylaminophenyl α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyls: Diastereoselective Synthesis ofcis- andtrans-Tetralins. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seunghui Sin
- Department of Chemistry; Kyonggi University; 154-42, Gwanggyosan-ro Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16227 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Gon Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Kyonggi University; 154-42, Gwanggyosan-ro Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16227 Republic of Korea
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Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of two diastereomeric lignan amides serving as dimeric caffeic acid-l-DOPA hybrids. Bioorg Chem 2016; 66:132-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Design and synthesis of novel 4′-demethyl-4-deoxypodophyllotoxin derivatives as potential anticancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:1360-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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69
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Sun JS, Liu H, Guo XH, Liao JX. The chemical synthesis of aryltetralin glycosides. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:1188-200. [PMID: 26645095 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02188j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Led by etoposide and teniposide, the synthesis of aryltetralin glycosides has been experiencing flourishing development in the past five decades. Herein, a review focusing on the total synthesis of aryltetralin glycosides is provided. The main body of this review is composed of two parts, one is the enantioselective synthesis of aryltetralin derivatives and the other one is the construction of key glycosidic linkages. In each part the contents are organised based on the different strategies or protocols applied in the original documents. The total synthesis of aryltetralin glycosides represents the developing direction of this field, and sooner or later will replace the currently applied semi-total synthesis method, using the aglycon residue acquired directly from natural sources. This account provides a comprehensive and deep insight into the field of aryltetralin glycoside synthesis for chemists who have the intention of committing themselves to the development of aryltetralin glycoside medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Song Sun
- The National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.
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Guo Y, Zhang Y, Li J, Zhao F, Liu Y, Su M, Jiang Y, Liu Y, Zhang J, Yang B, Yang R. Inclusion Complex of Podophyllotoxin withγ-Cyclodextrin: Preparation, Characterization, Anticancer Activity, Water-Solubility and Toxicity. CHINESE J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201500692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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71
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Zheljazkov VD, Shiwakoti S, Jeliazkova EA, Astatkie T. Chemical Profile and Bioactivity of Essential Oil Fractions as a Function of Distillation Time. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2016-1218.ch010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valtcho D. Zheljazkov
- Columbia Agricultural Research Station, Oregon State University, 48037 Tubbs Ranch Road, P.O. Box 370, Pendleton, Oregon 97801, United States
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 50 Pictou Road, P.O. Box 550, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
- Present Address: Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, 109 Crop Science Building, Corvallis, Oregon 97331. Ph:
| | - Santosh Shiwakoti
- Columbia Agricultural Research Station, Oregon State University, 48037 Tubbs Ranch Road, P.O. Box 370, Pendleton, Oregon 97801, United States
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 50 Pictou Road, P.O. Box 550, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
- Present Address: Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, 109 Crop Science Building, Corvallis, Oregon 97331. Ph:
| | - Ekaterina A. Jeliazkova
- Columbia Agricultural Research Station, Oregon State University, 48037 Tubbs Ranch Road, P.O. Box 370, Pendleton, Oregon 97801, United States
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 50 Pictou Road, P.O. Box 550, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
- Present Address: Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, 109 Crop Science Building, Corvallis, Oregon 97331. Ph:
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Columbia Agricultural Research Station, Oregon State University, 48037 Tubbs Ranch Road, P.O. Box 370, Pendleton, Oregon 97801, United States
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 50 Pictou Road, P.O. Box 550, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
- Present Address: Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, 109 Crop Science Building, Corvallis, Oregon 97331. Ph:
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Linalool Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Leukemia Cells and Cervical Cancer Cells through CDKIs. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:28169-79. [PMID: 26703569 PMCID: PMC4691036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Plantaginaceae, a popular traditional Chinese medicine, has long been used for treating various diseases from common cold to cancer. Linalool is one of the biologically active compounds that can be isolated from Plantaginaceae. Most of the commonly used cytotoxic anticancer drugs have been shown to induce apoptosis in susceptible tumor cells. However, the signaling pathway for apoptosis remains undefined. In this study, the cytotoxic effect of linalool on human cancer cell lines was investigated. Water-soluble tetrazolium salts (WST-1) based colorimetric cellular cytotoxicity assay, was used to test the cytotoxic ability of linalool against U937 and HeLa cells, and flow cytometry (FCM) and genechip analysis were used to investigate the possible mechanism of apoptosis. These results demonstrated that linalool exhibited a good cytotoxic effect on U937 and HeLa cells, with the IC50 value of 2.59 and 11.02 μM, respectively, compared with 5-FU with values of 4.86 and 12.31 μM, respectively. After treating U937 cells with linalool for 6 h, we found an increased sub-G1 peak and a dose-dependent phenomenon, whereby these cells were arrested at the G0/G1 phase. Furthermore, by using genechip analysis, we observed that linalool can promote p53, p21, p27, p16, and p18 gene expression. Therefore, this study verified that linalool can arrest the cell cycle of U937 cells at the G0/G1 phase and can arrest the cell cycle of HeLa cells at the G2/M phase. Its mechanism facilitates the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitors (CDKIs) p53, p21, p27, p16, and p18, as well as the non-expression of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) activity.
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73
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Hui L, Sang C, Wang D, Wang X, Wang M, Jia Q, Ma M, Chen S. Newly synthesized podophyllotoxin derivative, LJ12, induces apoptosis and mitotic catastrophe in non-small cell lung cancer cells in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:339-46. [PMID: 26573436 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxypodophyllotoxin (DPT), an active compound isolated from a number of herbs and used in traditional medicine, has been reported to exhibit promising anti‑tumor activity. A newly synthesized derivative, N-(1-oxyl‑4'-demethyl-4-deoxyp odophyllic)-L‑methine-4'-piperazine carbamate (LJ12) may have improved antitumor activity and fewer side effects. The present study assessed the effect of LJ12 on cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle distribution and mitotic catastrophe in A549 human lung cancer cells in vitro. The molecular mechanisms underlying the antitumor activity of LJ12 were also examined. The results demonstrated that LJ12 reduced A549 cell viability in a time‑ and dose‑dependent manner, with a lower half maximal inhibitory concentration of ~0.1 µM, compared with another known DPT derivative, etoposide (10 µM). Flow cytometric analysis showed that LJ12 induced tumor cell arrest at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. The present study also observed an expected concomitant decrease in the numbers of cells cells in the G0/G1 and S phases. LJ12 was found to upregulate the protein expression levels of Cdc2 and Cyclin B1. Furthermore, LJ12 induced tumor cell apoptosis and the protein expression of B cell lymphoma‑2‑associated X protein, caspase‑3 and p53. The present study also observed the formation of giant, multinucleated cells, indicating that LJ12 induced mitotic catastrophe in the tumor cells. These results indicated that LJ12 has anti‑non‑small cell lung cancer activity in vitro. Further investigations aim to develop LJ12 as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Hui
- Experimental Center of Medicine, General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Area Command, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Sang
- Experimental Center of Medicine, General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Area Command, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Donghong Wang
- Experimental Center of Medicine, General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Area Command, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Experimental Center of Medicine, General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Area Command, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Meiliang Wang
- Experimental Center of Medicine, General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Area Command, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Qinghua Jia
- Experimental Center of Medicine, General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Area Command, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Mingren Ma
- Experimental Center of Medicine, General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Area Command, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Shiwu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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74
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Shankaraiah N, Kumar NP, Amula SB, Nekkanti S, Jeengar MK, Naidu V, Reddy TS, Kamal A. One-pot synthesis of podophyllotoxin–thiourea congeners by employing NH2SO3H/NaI: Anticancer activity, DNA topoisomerase-II inhibition, and apoptosis inducing agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4239-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.07.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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75
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Kamble P, Kulkarni S, D.A.Bhiwgade. WITHDRAWN: Enzymatic studies of cisplatin and etoposide induced oxidative stress in cardiac tissue of rats. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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76
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Major Contributions towards Finding a Cure for Cancer through Chemotherapy: A Historical Review. TUMORI JOURNAL 2015; 102:6-17. [DOI: 10.5301/tj.5000387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The history of cancer chemotherapy is as old as cancer itself. With the increase in the complexities of cancer and the development of resistance towards existing anticancer agents, increased attention is now being paid to the advancement of chemotherapy. Some chemotherapeutic agents were discovered by accident or trial-and-error methods while others were found to be useful for neoplasia when they were being evaluated for some other purpose. Broadly, these agents have been classified as alkylating agents, antimetabolites, platinum compounds, antitumor antibiotics and natural products. Hormones and compounds interfering with hormone metabolism are widely used in cancer treatment, besides monoclonal antibodies and small molecules targeting angiogenesis. In this review an attempt is made to discuss the major breakthroughs that have shaped the course of cancer chemotherapy, helping to decrease the mortality as well as lessen the suffering of patients.
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Cheng WH, Shang H, Niu C, Zhang ZH, Zhang LM, Chen H, Zou ZM. Synthesis and Evaluation of New Podophyllotoxin Derivatives with in Vitro Anticancer Activity. Molecules 2015; 20:12266-79. [PMID: 26154885 PMCID: PMC6332074 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200712266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel podophyllotoxin derivatives were designed and synthesized. The cytotoxic activities of these compounds were tested against three tumor cell lines (HeLa, K562, and K562/A02). Most of the derivatives (IC50 = 1-20 μM) were found to have stronger cell growth inhibitory activity than positive control etoposide. Among them, 4β-N-[(E)-(5-((4-(4-nitrophenyl)-piperazin-1-yl)methyl)furan-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-amine]-4-desoxy-podophyllotoxin (9l) demonstrated significant inhibitory activity against HeLa, K562, and K562/A02 cell lines with IC50 values of 7.93, 6.42, 6.89 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hua Cheng
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Hai Shang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Cong Niu
- Pharmacognosy Division, Medical College of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China.
| | - Zhong-Heng Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Li-Ming Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Hong Chen
- Pharmacognosy Division, Medical College of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Zhong-Mei Zou
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
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78
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Coulerie P, Poullain C. New Caledonia: A 'Hot Spot' for Valuable Chemodiversity. Part 1: Gymnosperms. Chem Biodivers 2015; 12:841-58. [PMID: 26080735 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201400024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The flora of New Caledonia encompasses more than 3,000 species and almost 80% of them are endemic. New Caledonia is considered as a 'hot spot' for biodiversity. With the current global loss of biodiversity, and the fact that several drugs and pesticides are becoming obsolete, there is an urgent need to increase sampling and research on new natural products. In this context, we review the chemical information available on New Caledonian native flora from economical perspectives. We expect that a better knowledge of the economic potential will encourage the plantation of native plants for the development of a sustainable economy which will participate in the conservation of biodiversity. In the first part of this review, we discuss the results reported in 18 scientific articles on the chemicals isolated from 23 endemic conifers of New Caledonia. Several bioactive and original products, such as neocallitropsene or libocedrins, have been isolated from these conifers. This review also highlights several groups, such as Podocarpus spp., that are unexplored in New Caledonia despite the fact that they have been described in other countries to contain a wide range of original bioactive compounds. Those plants are considered as priority for future chemical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Coulerie
- Institut Agronomique néo-Calédonien, Connaissance et Amélioration des Agrosystèmes, BP A5, 98848 Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia, (phone: +687-260769; fax: +687-264326). ,
| | - Cyril Poullain
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Labex LERMIT, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex
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Och M, Och A, Cieśla Ł, Kubrak T, Pecio Ł, Stochmal A, Kocki J, Bogucka-Kocka A. Study of cytotoxic activity, podophyllotoxin, and deoxypodophyllotoxin content in selected Juniperus species cultivated in Poland. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:831-837. [PMID: 25720974 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.943246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The demand for podophyllotoxin and deoxypodophyllotoxin is still increasing and commercially exploitable sources are few and one of them, Podophyllum hexandrum Royle (Berberidaceae), is a "critically endangered" species. OBJECTIVE The first aim was to quantify the amount of podophyllotoxin and deoxypodophyllotoxin in 61 Juniperus (Cupressaceae) samples. Cytotoxic activity of podophyllotoxin and ethanolic leaf extracts of Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. "Blue Pacific" and Juniperus communis L. "Depressa Aurea" was examined against different leukemia cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) analysis was performed with the use of a Waters ACQUITY UPLC(TM) system (Waters Corp., Milford, MA). The peaks of podophyllotoxin and deoxypodophyllotoxin were assigned on the basis of their retention data and mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). Trypan blue assay was performed to obtain IC50 cytotoxicity values against selected leukemia cell lines. RESULTS Juniperus scopulorum was characterized with the highest level of podophyllotoxin (486.7 mg/100 g DW) while Juniperus davurica Pall. contained the highest amount of deoxypodophyllotoxin (726.8 mg/100 g DW). Podophyllotoxin IC50 cytotoxicity values against J45.01 and CEM/C1 leukemia cell lines were 0.0040 and 0.0286 µg/mL, respectively. Juniperus scopulorum extract examined against J45.01 and HL-60/MX2 leukemia cell lines gave the respective IC50 values: 0.369-9.225 µg/mL. Juniperus communis extract was characterized with the following IC50 cytotoxity values against J45.01 and U-266B1 cell lines: 3.310-24.825 µg/mL. CONCLUSIONS Juniperus sp. can be considered as an alternative source of podophyllotoxin and deoxypodophyllotoxin. Cytotoxic activity of podophyllotoxin and selected leaf extracts of Juniperus sp. against a set of leukemia cell lines was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Och
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
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80
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Strömberg T, Feng X, Delforoush M, Berglund M, Lin Y, Axelson M, Larsson O, Georgii-Hemming P, Lennartsson J, Enblad G. Picropodophyllin inhibits proliferation and survival of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells. Med Oncol 2015; 32:188. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-015-0630-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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81
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Karuppaiya P, Tsay HS. Therapeutic values, chemical constituents and toxicity of Taiwanese Dysosma pleiantha--a review. Toxicol Lett 2015; 236:90-7. [PMID: 25957481 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dysosma pleiantha (Hance) Woodson also called as Bajiaolian belongs to the family Berberidaceae, is widely used in Taiwan as traditional Chinese herbal medicine for more than thousands of years. It is usually recommended by various traditional Chinese medical doctors and herbal pharmacies for general remedies including postpartum recovery, treatment of weakness, neck mass, acne, hepatoma, lumbago, snakebite, tumor growth and dysmenorrhea. In the textbooks of traditional Chinese medicine, there is limited information about the toxicity of Bajiaolian. Podophyllotoxin, a lignan is the main toxic ingredient of Bajiaolian rhizome. Therefore, Bajiaolian is documented as the fifth highest cause of poisoning among the herbal medicine in Taiwan. Since the therapeutic and toxic doses are very close, Bajiaolian poisoning cases are frequently reported in Taiwan. Moreover, Dysosma poisoning cases are difficult to diagnosis because physicians are unfamiliar with this medicine's multiple clinical presentations in different stages of intoxication. Therefore, the objective of this review is to represent the collective information available in literatures regarding D. pleiantha, a cytotoxic lignan containing medicinal plant. Specifically, the literatures have been reviewed for articles pertaining to chemical constituents, properties, therapeutical benefits, toxicity, poisoning symptoms, toxic as well as therapeutic dose and medical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palaniyandi Karuppaiya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 41349, Taiwan
| | - Hsin Sheng Tsay
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 41349, Taiwan; Department of Agronomy, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40249, Taiwan.
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82
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Liu W, Liu J, Yin D, Zhao X. Influence of ecological factors on the production of active substances in the anti-cancer plant Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) T.S. Ying. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122981. [PMID: 25874701 PMCID: PMC4398539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The quality of traditional Chinese herbal medicine, which plays a very important role in the health system of China, is determined by the active substances produced by the plants. The type, content, and proportion of these substances may vary depending on ecological factors in areas where the plants are grown. Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) T.S. Ying, an endangered plant species with great medical value, was investigated in eight production locations representative of its natural geographical distribution range in China. The correlation between the contents of the active ingredients extracted from the roots and rhizomes of S. hexandrum and the ecological factors were evaluated step-by-step using a series of computational biology methodologies. The results showed that ecological factors had significant effects on the contents but not on the types of the active ingredients in eight production locations. The primary ecological factors influencing the active substances included the annual average precipitation, July mean temperature, frost-free period, sunshine duration, soil pH, soil organic matter, and rapidly available potassium in the soil. The annual average precipitation was the most important determinant factor and was significantly and negatively correlated with the active ingredient contents (P < 0.001). In contrast, organic matter was the most important limiting factor and was significantly and positively correlated with the active substances. These ecological factors caused 98.13% of the total geographical variation of the active ingredient contents. The climate factors contributed more to the active ingredient contents than did the soil factors. It was concluded that from the view of the contents of the secondary metabolites and ecological factors of each growing location, in Jingyuan, Ningxia Province, and Yongdeng, Gansu Province, conditions were favorable to the production of podophyllotoxin and lignans, whereas in Shangri-La, Yunnan Province, and Nyingchi, Tibet, conditions were favorable to the production of quercetin and kaempferol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Dongxue Yin
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhao
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
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Guerram M, Jiang ZZ, Sun L, Zhu X, Zhang LY. Antineoplastic effects of deoxypodophyllotoxin, a potent cytotoxic agent of plant origin, on glioblastoma U-87 MG and SF126 cells. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:245-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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84
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Paidakula S, Kankala S, Kankala RK, Juluru B, Jonnalagadda SB, Lee CH, Vadde R, Vasam CS. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 4β-benzoxazolepodophyllotoxin hybrids as DNA topoisomerase-II targeting anticancer agents. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15366b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of new 4β-benzoxazolepodophyllotoxin compounds (9a–j) were prepared and screened for molecular modelling and cytotoxicity against various human tumour cell lines. Cell apoptosis evaluation was performed using Hoechst staining.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shravankumar Kankala
- Department of Chemistry
- Kakatiya University
- Warangal
- India
- School of Physics and Chemistry
| | - Ranjith kumar Kankala
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology
- National Dong Hwa University
- Hualien
- Taiwan
| | | | | | - Chia-Hung Lee
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology
- National Dong Hwa University
- Hualien
- Taiwan
| | | | - Chandra Sekhar Vasam
- Department of Chemistry
- Satavahana University
- India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Telangana University
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85
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Liu YQ, Tian J, Qian K, Zhao XB, Morris-Natschke SL, Yang L, Nan X, Tian X, Lee KH. Recent progress on C-4-modified podophyllotoxin analogs as potent antitumor agents. Med Res Rev 2015; 35:1-62. [PMID: 24827545 PMCID: PMC4337794 DOI: 10.1002/med.21319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin (PPT), as well as its congeners and derivatives, exhibits pronounced biological activities, especially antineoplastic effects. Its strong inhibitory effect on tumor cell growth led to the development of three of the most highly prescribed anticancer drugs in the world, etoposide, teniposide, and the water-soluble prodrug etoposide phosphate. Their clinical success as well as intriguing mechanism of action stimulated great interest in further modification of PPT for better antitumor activity. The C-4 position has been a major target for structural derivatization aimed at either producing more potent compounds or overcoming drug resistance. Accordingly, numerous PPT derivatives have been prepared via hemisynthesis and important structure-activity relationship (SAR) correlations have been identified. Several resulting compounds, including GL-331, TOP-53, and NK611, reached clinical trials. Some excellent reviews on the distribution, sources, applications, synthesis, and SAR of PPT have been published. This review focuses on a second generation of new etoposide-related drugs and provides detailed coverage of the current status and recent development of C-4-modified PPT analogs as anticancer clinical trial candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jing Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Keduo Qian
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Xiao-Bo Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Susan L. Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Liu Yang
- Environmental and Municipal Engineering School, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Nan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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86
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Wang F, Wang X, Zhang MX, Yang YH, Zhu HL. Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling of 1H-benzo[d]imidazole derivatives as novel anti-tubulin polymerization agents. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13746b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel compounds (8a–21b) were designed and synthesized based on 2-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole. Compound 18b showed the most potent in vitro growth inhibitory activity and significant tubulin polymerization inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Xia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- People's Republic of China
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87
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Astuti P, Sudarsono S, Nisak K, Nugroho GW. Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Coleus amboinicus Lour Exhibited Antimicrobial Activity. Adv Pharm Bull 2014; 4:599-605. [PMID: 25671195 DOI: 10.5681/apb.2014.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Coleus amboinicus is a medicinal plant traditionally used to treat various diseases such as throat infection, cough and fever, diarrhea, nasal congestion and digestive problems. The plant was explored for endophytic fungi producing antimicrobial agents. METHODS Screening for endophytic fungi producing antimicrobial agents was conducted using agar plug method and antimicrobial activity of promising ethyl acetate extracts was determined by disc diffusion assay. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) - bioautography was performed to localize the bioactive components within the extract. TLC visualization detection reagents were used to preliminary analyze phytochemical groups of the bioactive compounds. RESULTS Three endophytic fungi were obtained, two of them showed promising potential. Agar diffusion method showed that endophytic fungi CAL-2 exhibited antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, S. aureus and S. thypi, whilst CAS-1 inhibited the growth of B. subtilis. TLC bioautography of ethyl acetate extract of CAL-2 revealed at least three bands exhibited antimicrobial activity and at least two bands showed inhibition of B. subtilis growth. Preliminary analysis of the crude extracts suggests that bioactive compounds within CAL-2 extract are terpenoids, phenolics and phenyl propanoid compounds whilst the antimicrobial agents within CAS-1 extract are terpenoids, propylpropanoids, alkaloids or heterocyclic nitrogen compounds. CONCLUSION These data suggest the potential of endophytic fungi of C. amboinicus as source for antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puji Astuti
- Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
| | - Sudarsono Sudarsono
- Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
| | - Khoirun Nisak
- Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
| | - Giri Wisnu Nugroho
- Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
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Liu W, Yin D, Liu J, Li N. Genetic diversity and structure of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying in the Qinling Mountains, China. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110500. [PMID: 25333788 PMCID: PMC4198291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sinopodophyllum hexandrum is an important medicinal plant whose genetic diversity must be conserved because it is endangered. The Qinling Mts. are a S. hexandrum distribution area that has unique environmental features that highly affect the evolution of the species. To provide the reference data for evolutionary and conservation studies, the genetic diversity and population structure of S. hexandrum in its overall natural distribution areas in the Qinling Mts. were investigated through inter-simple sequence repeats analysis of 32 natural populations. The 11 selected primers generated a total of 135 polymorphic bands. S. hexandrum genetic diversity was low within populations (average He = 0.0621), but higher at the species level (He = 0.1434). Clear structure and high genetic differentiation among populations were detected by using the unweighted pair group method for arithmetic averages, principle coordinate analysis and Bayesian clustering. The clustering approaches supported a division of the 32 populations into three major groups, for which analysis of molecular variance confirmed significant variation (63.27%) among populations. The genetic differentiation may have been attributed to the limited gene flow (Nm = 0.3587) in the species. Isolation by distance among populations was determined by comparing genetic distance versus geographic distance by using the Mantel test. Result was insignificant (r = 0.212, P = 0.287) at 0.05, showing that their spatial pattern and geographic locations are not correlated. Given the low within-population genetic diversity, high differentiation among populations and the increasing anthropogenic pressure on the species, in situ conservation measures were recommended to preserve S. hexandrum in Qinling Mts., and other populations must be sampled to retain as much genetic diversity of the species to achieve ex situ preservation as a supplement to in situ conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Dongxue Yin
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
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89
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Synthesis and evaluation of novel podophyllotoxin derivatives as potential antitumor agents. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 85:498-507. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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90
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Dual extraction of essential oil and podophyllotoxin from creeping juniper (Juniperus horizontalis). PLoS One 2014; 9:e106057. [PMID: 25203255 PMCID: PMC4159210 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Juniperus horizontalis Moench (Family Cupressaceae), commonly called creeping juniper, is a widely distributed species in the United States and much of Canada. It is potentially a source for two important chemical products, the anticancer drug synthetic precursor, podophyllotoxin and essential oils. The objectives of this study were to ascertain the likelihood of utilizing J. horizontalis needles for the simultaneous production of both (−)-podophyllotoxin and essential oil components and to determine the optimum distillation time (DT) needed for the production of essential oil containing a specific ratio of constituents. Eleven different distillation times were tested in this study: 20, 40, 80, 160, 180, 240, 480, 600, 720, 840, and 960 min. Total essential oil content increased with increasing distillation time from a minimum of 0.023% at 20 min to a maximum of 1.098% at 960 min. The major constituents present in the oil were alpha-pinene, sabinene, and limonene. The percent concentration of sabinene in the essential oil varied from a high of 46.6% at 80 min to a low of 30.2% at 960 min, that of limonene changed very little as a result of distillation time and remained near 30% for all distillation times, whereas the concentration of alpha-pinene was 9.6% at 20 min DT and decreased to 4.2% at 960 min. Post distillation analysis of needles revealed elevated amounts of (−)-podophyllotoxin remaining in the tissue varied in the amount of podophyllotoxin present, from a low of 0.281% to a high of 0.364% as compared to undistilled needles which gave 0.217% podophyllotoxin. As a result of this study, specific essential oil components can now be targeted in J. horizontalis by varying the distillation time. Furthermore, needles can be successfully utilized as a source of both essential oil and podophyllotoxin, consecutively.
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91
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Kamal A, Srinivasa Reddy T, Polepalli S, Paidakula S, Srinivasulu V, Ganga Reddy V, Jain N, Shankaraiah N. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-aza-2,3-dihydropyridophenanthrolines as tubulin polymerization inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:3356-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.05.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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92
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Kamal A, Srinivasa Reddy T, Polepalli S, Shalini N, Reddy VG, Subba Rao AV, Jain N, Shankaraiah N. Synthesis and biological evaluation of podophyllotoxin congeners as tubulin polymerization inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:5466-75. [PMID: 25131956 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of new podophyllotoxin derivatives containing structural modifications at C-7, C-8, and C-9 were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against three human cancer cell lines. All the synthesized compounds showed significant growth inhibition with GI50 values in micromolar levels while some of the compounds were several times more potent against MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines than MIAPACA cell line. Three compounds (12a, 12d and 12e) emerged as potent compounds with broad spectrum of cytotoxic activity against all the tested cell lines with GI50 values in the range of 0.01-2.1 μM. These compounds induce microtubule depolymerization and arrests cells at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Moreover, compounds 12d and 12e disrupted microtubule network and accumulated tubulin in the soluble fraction in a similar manner to their parent podophyllotoxin scaffold. In addition, structure activity relationship studies within the series were also discussed. Molecular docking studies of these compounds into the colchicine-binding site of tubulin, revealed possible mode of inhibition by these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kamal
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India.
| | - T Srinivasa Reddy
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India; IICT-RMIT Research Centre, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Sowjanya Polepalli
- Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Nekkanti Shalini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - V Ganga Reddy
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - A V Subba Rao
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Nishant Jain
- Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
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93
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Umesha B, Basavaraju YB. Synthesis and pharmacological studies of new pyrazole analogues of podophyllotoxin. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s106816201404013x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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94
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Synthesis of novel spin-labeled podophyllotoxin derivatives as potential antineoplastic agents: Part XXV. Med Chem Res 2014; 23:4926-4931. [PMID: 25709376 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1042-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel spin-labeled 4β-[(4-substituted)-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl]podophyllotoxin derivatives (17a-h) were firstly designed and synthesized with significant regioselectivity by employing Cu(I) catalyzed click approach, and evaluated for cytotoxicity against four human tumor cell lines (A-549, DU145, KB, and KBvin). Among them, compound 17h displayed the highest cytotoxic activity against the tumor cell lines tested. Significantly, compound 17h showed superior cytotoxic activity compared with etoposide (IC50 6.30 to>10 μM), a clinically available anticancer drug. Significant activity toward the drug resistant KBvin cell line revealed promising future for compound 17h as a new generation of epipodophyllotoxin-derived antitumor clinical trial candidate.
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95
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Zhang K, Xu ZP, Lu J, Tang ZY, Zhao HJ, Good DA, Wei MQ. Potential for layered double hydroxides-based, innovative drug delivery systems. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:7409-28. [PMID: 24786098 PMCID: PMC4057680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15057409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs)-based drug delivery systems have, for many years, shown great promises for the delivery of chemical therapeutics and bioactive molecules to mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo. This system offers high efficiency and drug loading density, as well as excellent protection of loaded molecules from undesired degradation. Toxicological studies have also found LDHs to be biocompatible compared with other widely used nanoparticles, such as iron oxide, silica, and single-walled carbon nanotubes. A plethora of bio-molecules have been reported to either attach to the surface of or intercalate into LDH materials through co-precipitation or anion-exchange reaction, including amino acid and peptides, ATPs, vitamins, and even polysaccharides. Recently, LDHs have been used for gene delivery of small molecular nucleic acids, such as antisense, oligonucleotides, PCR fragments, siRNA molecules or sheared genomic DNA. These nano-medicines have been applied to target cells or organs in gene therapeutic approaches. This review summarizes current progress of the development of LDHs nanoparticle drug carriers for nucleotides, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer drugs and recent LDH application in medical research. Ground breaking studies will be highlighted and an outlook of the possible future progress proposed. It is hoped that the layered inorganic material will open up new frontier of research, leading to new nano-drugs in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- School of Medical Science & Griffith Health Institute, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Zhi Ping Xu
- Australian Institutes for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Ji Lu
- Australian Institutes for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Zhi Yong Tang
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Hui Jun Zhao
- Griffith Schools of Environment, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - David A Good
- School of Medical Science & Griffith Health Institute, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Ming Qian Wei
- School of Medical Science & Griffith Health Institute, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia.
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96
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Botes MG, Pelly SC, Blackie MAL, Kornienko A, van Otterlo WAL. Synthesis of 4-Azapodophyllotoxins with Anticancer Activity by Multicomponent Reactions (Review). Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-014-1455-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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97
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Samadi A, Jafari M, Nejhad NM, Hossenian F. Podophyllotoxin and 6-methoxy podophyllotoxin Production in Hairy Root Cultures of Liunm mucronatum ssp. mucronatum. Pharmacogn Mag 2014; 10:154-60. [PMID: 24914281 PMCID: PMC4048562 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.131027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Two bacterial strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes, A13 and 9534 were evaluated for induction of transformed hairy roots in Linum mucronatum ssp. mucronatum, a high value medicinal plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS The hairy roots were successfully initiated, through infecting the hypocotyl and root explants and the A13 strain performed a high transformation frequency for hairy roots induction. Transgenic status of hairy roots was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of the rol genes. Growth kinetics of transgenic roots induced by two strains indicated a similar pattern of growth, with maximum growth occurring between 42 to 56 days. The lignan contents in hairy roots were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. RESULTS Transformed cultures showed significant differences (P < 0.05) in lignan content. The highest amount of Podophyllotoxin (PTOX, 5.78 mg/g DW) and 6-methoxy podophyllotoxin (MPTOX, 49.19 mg/g DW) was found in transformed lines induced by strain A13, which was four times higher than those of non-transformed roots. The results showed that hairy root cultures of L. mucronatum are rich sources of MPTOX. CONCLUSION hairy root cultures from L. mucronatum can be used as a useful system for scale-up producing MPTOX and precursors for the production of antitumor agents in substitution with PTOX by considering the appropriate optimizations in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Samadi
- Farhangian University, Fatemeh Al-Zahra Pardis, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morad Jafari
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Urmia, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Urmia, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Farah Hossenian
- Food Science and Nutrition Program, Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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98
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Rational approaches, design strategies, structure activity relationship and mechanistic insights for anticancer hybrids. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 77:422-87. [PMID: 24685980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A Hybrid drug which comprises the incorporation of two drug pharmacophores in one single molecule are basically designed to interact with multiple targets or to amplify its effect through action on another bio target as one single molecule or to counterbalance the known side effects associated with the other hybrid part(.) The present review article offers a detailed account of the design strategies employed for the synthesis of anticancer agents via molecular hybridization techniques. Over the years, the researchers have employed this technique to discover some promising chemical architectures displaying significant anticancer profiles. Molecular hybridization as a tool has been particularly utilized for targeting tubulin protein as exemplified through the number of research papers. The microtubule inhibitors such as taxol, colchicine, chalcones, combretasatin, phenstatins and vinca alkaloids have been utilized as one of the functionality of the hybrids and promising results have been obtained in most of the cases with some of the tubulin based hybrids exhibiting anticancer activity at nanomolar level. Linkage with steroids as biological carrier vector for anticancer drugs and the inclusion of pyrrolo [2,1-c] [1,4]benzodiazepines (PBDs), a family of DNA interactive antitumor antibiotics derived from Streptomyces species in hybrid structure based drug design has also emerged as a potential strategy. Various heteroaryl based hybrids in particular isatin and coumarins have also been designed and reported to posses' remarkable inhibitory potential. Apart from presenting the design strategies, the article also highlights the structure activity relationship along with mechanistic insights revealed during the biological evaluation of the hybrids.
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99
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Zhang ZH, Zhang LM, Luo G, Zhang S, Chen H, Zhou J. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel podophyllotoxin analogs as antitumor agents. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2014; 16:527-534. [PMID: 24824554 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2014.913578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A series of 4β N-indole-substituted podophyllotoxin derivatives were synthesized. Nine target compounds were evaluated against human cancer cell lines (HeLa, K562, and K562/A02) using MTT assay including three imine derivatives 8, 9, and 10 in vitro. The result showed that the three compounds had higher antitumor activity than their reduced forms. Among them, compounds 8, 9, 11, and 16 were superior to the positive control VP-16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Heng Zhang
- a Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics , School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin 300070 , China
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