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Madwar C, Gopalakrishnan G, Lennox RB. Interfacing living cells and spherically supported bilayer lipid membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:4704-4712. [PMID: 25826073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Spherically supported bilayer lipid membranes (SS-BLMs) exhibiting co-existing membrane microdomains were created on spherical silica substrates. These 5 μm SiO2-core SS-BLMs are shown to interact dynamically when interfaced with living cells in culture, while keeping the membrane structure and lipid domains on the SS-BLM surface intact. Interactions between the SS-BLMs and cellular components are examined via correlating fluorescently labeled co-existing microdomains on the SS-BLMs, their chemical composition and biophysical properties with the consequent organization of cell membrane lipids, proteins, and other cellular components. This approach is demonstrated in a proof-of-concept experiment involving the dynamic organization of cellular cytoskeleton, monitored as a function of the lipid domains of the SS-BLMs. The compositional versatility of SS-BLMs provides a means to address the relationship between the phenomenon of lipid phase separation and the other contributors to cell membrane lateral heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Madwar
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Gopakumar Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - R Bruce Lennox
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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52
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Battle AR, Ridone P, Bavi N, Nakayama Y, Nikolaev YA, Martinac B. Lipid-protein interactions: Lessons learned from stress. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:1744-56. [PMID: 25922225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biological membranes are essential for normal function and regulation of cells, forming a physical barrier between extracellular and intracellular space and cellular compartments. These physical barriers are subject to mechanical stresses. As a consequence, nature has developed proteins that are able to transpose mechanical stimuli into meaningful intracellular signals. These proteins, termed Mechanosensitive (MS) proteins provide a variety of roles in response to these stimuli. In prokaryotes these proteins form transmembrane spanning channels that function as osmotically activated nanovalves to prevent cell lysis by hypoosmotic shock. In eukaryotes, the function of MS proteins is more diverse and includes physiological processes such as touch, pain and hearing. The transmembrane portion of these channels is influenced by the physical properties such as charge, shape, thickness and stiffness of the lipid bilayer surrounding it, as well as the bilayer pressure profile. In this review we provide an overview of the progress to date on advances in our understanding of the intimate biophysical and chemical interactions between the lipid bilayer and mechanosensitive membrane channels, focusing on current progress in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic systems. These advances are of importance due to the increasing evidence of the role the MS channels play in disease, such as xerocytosis, muscular dystrophy and cardiac hypertrophy. Moreover, insights gained from lipid-protein interactions of MS channels are likely relevant not only to this class of membrane proteins, but other bilayer embedded proteins as well. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Lipid-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Battle
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Pharmacy, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - P Ridone
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - N Bavi
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Y Nakayama
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Y A Nikolaev
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - B Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.
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Olson DK, Fröhlich F, Christiano R, Hannibal-Bach HK, Ejsing CS, Walther TC. Rom2-dependent phosphorylation of Elo2 controls the abundance of very long-chain fatty acids. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:4238-47. [PMID: 25519905 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.629279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are essential components of eukaryotic membranes, where they serve to maintain membrane integrity. They are important components of membrane trafficking and function in signaling as messenger molecules. Sphingolipids are synthesized de novo from very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) and sphingoid long-chain bases, which are amide linked to form ceramide and further processed by addition of various headgroups. Little is known concerning the regulation of VLCFA levels and how cells coordinate their synthesis with the availability of long-chain bases for sphingolipid synthesis. Here we show that Elo2, a key enzyme of VLCFA synthesis, is controlled by signaling of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Rom2, initiating at the plasma membrane. This pathway controls Elo2 phosphorylation state and VLCFA synthesis. Our data identify a regulatory mechanism for coordinating VLCFA synthesis with sphingolipid metabolism and link signal transduction pathways from the plasma membrane to the regulation of lipids for membrane homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Olson
- From the Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, the Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06150
| | - Florian Fröhlich
- From the Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Romain Christiano
- From the Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Hans K Hannibal-Bach
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 0230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Christer S Ejsing
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 0230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Tobias C Walther
- From the Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, and the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
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Schnurr M, Witte C, Schröder L. Depolarization Laplace transform analysis of exchangeable hyperpolarized ¹²⁹Xe for detecting ordering phases and cholesterol content of biomembrane models. Biophys J 2014; 106:1301-8. [PMID: 24655505 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a highly sensitive nuclear-magnetic resonance technique to study membrane dynamics that combines the temporary encapsulation of spin-hyperpolarized xenon ((129)Xe) atoms in cryptophane-A-monoacid (CrAma) and their indirect detection through chemical exchange saturation transfer. Radiofrequency-labeled Xe@CrAma complexes exhibit characteristic differences in chemical exchange saturation transfer-driven depolarization when interacting with binary membrane models composed of different molecular ratios of DPPC (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) and POPC (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine). The method is also applied to mixtures of cholesterol and POPC. The existence of domains that fluctuate in cluster size in DPPC/POPC models at a high (75-98%) DPPC content induces up to a fivefold increase in spin depolarization time τ at 297 K. In POPC/cholesterol model membranes, the parameter τ depends linearly on the cholesterol content at 310 K and allows us to determine the cholesterol content with an accuracy of at least 5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schnurr
- European Research Council Project BiosensorImaging, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher Witte
- European Research Council Project BiosensorImaging, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Leif Schröder
- European Research Council Project BiosensorImaging, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany.
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García-Beltrán O, Yañez O, Caballero J, Galdámez A, Mena N, Nuñez MT, Cassels BK. Synthesis of coumarin derivatives as fluorescent probes for membrane and cell dynamics studies. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 76:79-86. [PMID: 24576613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Three coumarin-derived fluorescent probes, 3-acetyl-7-[(6-bromohexyl)oxy]-2H-chromen-2-one (FM1), 7-[(6-bromohexyl)oxy]-4-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one (FM2) and ethyl 2-{7-[(6-bromohexyl)oxy]-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl}acetate (FM3), are described, with their photophysical constants. The compounds were tested in preliminary studies employing epifluorescence microscopy demonstrating that they allow the imaging of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell membranes. The structure of FM3 was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to characterize the localization and interactions of the studied compounds with a lipid bilayer model of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Olimpo García-Beltrán
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad de Ibagué, Carrera 22 Calle 67, Ibagué, Colombia.
| | - Osvaldo Yañez
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Casilla 721, Talca, Chile
| | - Julio Caballero
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Casilla 721, Talca, Chile
| | - Antonio Galdámez
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Mena
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marco T Nuñez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bruce K Cassels
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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56
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Insight into Tor2, a budding yeast microdomain protein. Eur J Cell Biol 2014; 93:87-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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57
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Suárez-Germà C, Domènech Ò, Montero MT, Hernández-Borrell J. Effect of lactose permease presence on the structure and nanomechanics of two-component supported lipid bilayers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:842-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Brogden G, Propsting M, Adamek M, Naim HY, Steinhagen D. Isolation and analysis of membrane lipids and lipid rafts in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 169:9-15. [PMID: 24326265 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell membranes act as an interface between the interior of the cell and the exterior environment and facilitate a range of essential functions including cell signalling, cell structure, nutrient uptake and protection. It is composed of a lipid bilayer with integrated proteins, and the inner leaflet of the lipid bilayer comprises of liquid ordered (Lo) and liquid disordered (Ld) domains. Lo microdomains, also named as lipid rafts are enriched in cholesterol, sphingomyelin and certain types of proteins, which facilitate cell signalling and nutrient uptake. Lipid rafts have been extensively researched in mammals and the presence of functional lipid rafts was recently demonstrated in goldfish, but there is currently very little knowledge about their composition and function in fish. Therefore a protocol was established for the analysis of lipid rafts and membranous lipids in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) tissues. Twelve lipids were identified and analysed in the Ld domain of the membrane with the most predominant lipids found in all tissues being; triglycerides, cholesterol, phosphoethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. Four lipids were identified in lipid rafts in all tissues analysed, triglycerides (33-62%) always found in the highest concentration followed by cholesterol (24-32%), phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin. Isolation of lipid rafts was confirmed by identifying the presence of the lipid raft associated protein flotillin, present at higher concentrations in the detergent resistant fraction. The data provided here build a lipid library of important carp tissues as a baseline for further studies into virus entry, protein trafficking or environmental stress analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Brogden
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, 30599 Hannover, Germany
| | - Marcus Propsting
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, 30599 Hannover, Germany; Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, 30599 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mikolaj Adamek
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, 30599 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hassan Y Naim
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, 30599 Hannover, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhagen
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, 30599 Hannover, Germany.
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Gaibelet G, Tercé F, Bertrand-Michel J, Allart S, Azalbert V, Lecompte MF, Collet X, Orlowski S. 21-Methylpyrenyl-cholesterol stably and specifically associates with lipoprotein peripheral hemi-membrane: a new labelling tool. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 440:533-8. [PMID: 24103760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.09.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Lipoproteins are important biological components. However, they have few convenient fluorescent labelling probes currently reported, and their physiological reliability can be questioned. We compared the association of two fluorescent cholesterol derivatives, 22-nitrobenzoxadiazole-cholesterol (NBD-Chol) and 21-methylpyrenyl-cholesterol (Pyr-met-Chol), to serum lipoproteins and to purified HDL and LDL. Both lipoproteins could be stably labelled by Pyr-met-Chol, but virtually not by NBD-Chol. At variance with NBD-Chol, LCAT did not esterify Pyr-met-Chol. The labelling characteristics of lipoproteins by Pyr-met-Chol were well distinguishable between HDL and LDL, regarding dializability, associated probe amount and labelling kinetics. We took benefit of the pyrene labelling to approach the structural organization of LDL peripheral hemi-membrane, since Pyr-met-Chol-labelled LDL, but not HDL, presented a fluorescence emission of pyrene excimers, indicating that the probe was present in an ordered lipid micro-environment. Since the peripheral membrane of LDL contains more sphingomyelin (SM) than HDL, this excimer formation was consistent with the existence of cholesterol- and SM-enriched lipid microdomains in LDL, as already suggested in model membranes of similar composition and reminiscent to the well-described "lipid rafts" in bilayer membranes. Finally, we showed that Pyr-met-Chol could stain cultured PC-3 cells via lipoprotein-mediated delivery, with a staining pattern well different to that observed with NBD-Chol non-specifically delivered to the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérald Gaibelet
- INSERM U563, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France; CEA, SB2SM and UMR8221 CNRS, IBiTec-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Srivastava V, Malm E, Sundqvist G, Bulone V. Quantitative proteomics reveals that plasma membrane microdomains from poplar cell suspension cultures are enriched in markers of signal transduction, molecular transport, and callose biosynthesis. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:3874-85. [PMID: 24051156 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.029033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane (PM) is a highly dynamic interface that contains detergent-resistant microdomains (DRMs). The aim of this work was to determine the main functions of such microdomains in poplar through a proteomic analysis using gel-based and solution (iTRAQ) approaches. A total of 80 proteins from a limited number of functional classes were found to be significantly enriched in DRM relative to PM. The enriched proteins are markers of signal transduction, molecular transport at the PM, or cell wall biosynthesis. Their intrinsic properties are presented and discussed together with the biological significance of their enrichment in DRM. Of particular importance is the significant and specific enrichment of several callose [(1 → 3)-β-glucan] synthase isoforms, whose catalytic activity represents a final response to stress, leading to the deposition of callose plugs at the surface of the PM. An integrated functional model that connects all DRM-enriched proteins identified is proposed. This report is the only quantitative analysis available to date of the protein composition of membrane microdomains from a tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Srivastava
- Division of Glycoscience, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Interaction of membrane/lipid rafts with the cytoskeleton: impact on signaling and function: membrane/lipid rafts, mediators of cytoskeletal arrangement and cell signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1838:532-45. [PMID: 23899502 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells contains microdomains that are enriched in certain glycosphingolipids, gangliosides, and sterols (such as cholesterol) to form membrane/lipid rafts (MLR). These regions exist as caveolae, morphologically observable flask-like invaginations, or as a less easily detectable planar form. MLR are scaffolds for many molecular entities, including signaling receptors and ion channels that communicate extracellular stimuli to the intracellular milieu. Much evidence indicates that this organization and/or the clustering of MLR into more active signaling platforms depends upon interactions with and dynamic rearrangement of the cytoskeleton. Several cytoskeletal components and binding partners, as well as enzymes that regulate the cytoskeleton, localize to MLR and help regulate lateral diffusion of membrane proteins and lipids in response to extracellular events (e.g., receptor activation, shear stress, electrical conductance, and nutrient demand). MLR regulate cellular polarity, adherence to the extracellular matrix, signaling events (including ones that affect growth and migration), and are sites of cellular entry of certain pathogens, toxins and nanoparticles. The dynamic interaction between MLR and the underlying cytoskeleton thus regulates many facets of the function of eukaryotic cells and their adaptation to changing environments. Here, we review general features of MLR and caveolae and their role in several aspects of cellular function, including polarity of endothelial and epithelial cells, cell migration, mechanotransduction, lymphocyte activation, neuronal growth and signaling, and a variety of disease settings. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Reciprocal influences between cell cytoskeleton and membrane channels, receptors and transporters. Guest Editor: Jean Claude Hervé.
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Nakayama H, Ogawa H, Takamori K, Iwabuchi K. GSL-Enriched Membrane Microdomains in Innate Immune Responses. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2013; 61:217-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s00005-013-0221-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Natter K, Kohlwein SD. Yeast and cancer cells - common principles in lipid metabolism. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2013; 1831:314-26. [PMID: 22989772 PMCID: PMC3549488 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
One of the paradigms in cancer pathogenesis is the requirement of a cell to undergo transformation from respiration to aerobic glycolysis - the Warburg effect - to become malignant. The demands of a rapidly proliferating cell for carbon metabolites for the synthesis of biomass, energy and redox equivalents, are fundamentally different from the requirements of a differentiated, quiescent cell, but it remains open whether this metabolic switch is a cause or a consequence of malignant transformation. One of the major requirements is the synthesis of lipids for membrane formation to allow for cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and cytokinesis. Enzymes involved in lipid metabolism were indeed found to play a major role in cancer cell proliferation, and most of these enzymes are conserved in the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Most notably, cancer cell physiology and metabolic fluxes are very similar to those in the fermenting and rapidly proliferating yeast. Both types of cells display highly active pathways for the synthesis of fatty acids and their incorporation into complex lipids, and imbalances in synthesis or turnover of lipids affect growth and viability of both yeast and cancer cells. Thus, understanding lipid metabolism in S. cerevisiae during cell cycle progression and cell proliferation may complement recent efforts to understand the importance and fundamental regulatory mechanisms of these pathways in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Natter
- University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Lipidomics Research Center Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50/II, 8010 Graz,
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66
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Kasson PM, Hess B, Lindahl E. Probing microscopic material properties inside simulated membranes through spatially resolved three-dimensional local pressure fields and surface tensions. Chem Phys Lipids 2013; 169:106-12. [PMID: 23318532 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cellular lipid membranes are spatially inhomogeneous soft materials. Materials properties such as pressure and surface tension thus show important microscopic-scale variation that is critical to many biological functions. We present a means to calculate pressure and surface tension in a 3D-resolved manner within molecular-dynamics simulations and show how such measurements can yield important insight. We also present the first corrections to local virial and pressure fields to account for the constraints typically used in lipid simulations that otherwise cause problems in highly oriented systems such as bilayers. Based on simulations of an asymmetric bacterial ion channel in a POPC bilayer, we demonstrate how 3D-resolved pressure can probe for both short-range and long-range effects from the protein on the membrane environment. We also show how surface tension is a sensitive metric for inter-leaflet equilibrium and can be used to detect even subtle imbalances between bilayer leaflets in a membrane-protein simulation. Since surface tension is known to modulate the function of many proteins, this effect is an important consideration for predictions of ion channel function. We outline a strategy by which our local pressure measurements, which we make available within a version of the GROMACS simulation package, may be used to design optimally equilibrated membrane-protein simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Kasson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 29908, USA.
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67
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The Role of Cholesterol in Prostate Cancer. Prostate Cancer 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6828-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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68
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Batelli G, Massarelli I, Van Oosten M, Nurcato R, Vannini C, Raimondi G, Leone A, Zhu JK, Maggio A, Grillo S. Asg1 is a stress-inducible gene which increases stomatal resistance in salt stressed potato. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 169:1849-57. [PMID: 22854180 PMCID: PMC3586823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The identification of critical components in plant salt stress adaptation has greatly benefitted, in the last two decades, from fundamental discoveries in Arabidopsis and close model systems. Nevertheless, this approach has also highlighted a non-complete overlap between stress tolerance mechanisms in Arabidopsis and agricultural crops. Within a long-running research program aimed at identifying salt stress genetic determinants in potato by functional screening in Escherichia coli, we isolated Asg1, a stress-related gene with an unknown function. Asg1 is induced by salt stress in both potato and Arabidopsis and by abscisic acid in Arabidopsis. Asg1 is actively transcribed in all plant tissues. Furthermore, Asg1 promoter analysis confirmed its ubiquitous expression, which was remarkable in pollen, a plant tissue that undergoes drastic dehydration/hydration processes. Fusion of Asg1 with green fluorescent protein showed that the encoded protein is localized close to the plasma membrane with a non-continuous pattern of distribution. In addition, Arabidopsis knockout asg1 mutants were insensitive to both NaCl and sugar hyperosmotic environments during seed germination. Transgenic potato plants over-expressing the Asg1 gene revealed a stomatal hypersensitivity to NaCl stress which, however, did not result in a significantly improved tuber yield in stress conditions. Altogether, these data suggest that Asg1 might interfere with components of the stress signaling pathway by promoting stomatal closure and participating in stress adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Batelli
- CNR Institute of Plant Genetics (CNR-IGV), Via Universita’, 133 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Immacolata Massarelli
- CNR Institute of Plant Genetics (CNR-IGV), Via Universita’, 133 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Michael Van Oosten
- Department of Agricultural Engineering and Agronomy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Roberta Nurcato
- CNR Institute of Plant Genetics (CNR-IGV), Via Universita’, 133 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Candida Vannini
- Department of Environment, Health and Safety, University of Insubria, Via J. H. Dunant, 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Raimondi
- Department of Agricultural Engineering and Agronomy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Antonella Leone
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, 47907 West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Albino Maggio
- Department of Agricultural Engineering and Agronomy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Stefania Grillo
- CNR Institute of Plant Genetics (CNR-IGV), Via Universita’, 133 80055 Portici, Italy
- Corresponding author at: National Research Council, Institute of Plant Genetics (CNR-IGV), Via Universita’, 133 80055 Portici (NA), Italy. Tel.: +39 081 2539213/2539205; fax: +39 081 7753579., (S. Grillo)
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Picas L, Milhiet PE, Hernández-Borrell J. Atomic force microscopy: a versatile tool to probe the physical and chemical properties of supported membranes at the nanoscale. Chem Phys Lipids 2012. [PMID: 23194897 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was developed in the 1980s following the invention of its precursor, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), earlier in the decade. Several modes of operation have evolved, demonstrating the extreme versatility of this method for measuring the physicochemical properties of samples at the nanoscopic scale. AFM has proved an invaluable technique for visualizing the topographic characteristics of phospholipid monolayers and bilayers, such as roughness, height or laterally segregated domains. Implemented modes such as phase imaging have also provided criteria for discriminating the viscoelastic properties of different supported lipid bilayer (SLB) regions. In this review, we focus on the AFM force spectroscopy (FS) mode, which enables determination of the nanomechanical properties of membrane models. The interpretation of force curves is presented, together with newly emerging techniques that provide complementary information on physicochemical properties that may contribute to our understanding of the structure and function of biomembranes. Since AFM is an imaging technique, some basic indications on how real-time AFM imaging is evolving are also presented at the end of this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Picas
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 144, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris, France
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70
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Cholesterol: its regulation and role in central nervous system disorders. CHOLESTEROL 2012; 2012:292598. [PMID: 23119149 PMCID: PMC3483652 DOI: 10.1155/2012/292598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is a major constituent of the human brain, and the brain is the most cholesterol-rich organ. Numerous lipoprotein receptors and apolipoproteins are expressed in the brain. Cholesterol is tightly regulated between the major brain cells and is essential for normal brain development. The metabolism of brain cholesterol differs markedly from that of other tissues. Brain cholesterol is primarily derived by de novo synthesis and the blood brain barrier prevents the uptake of lipoprotein cholesterol from the circulation. Defects in cholesterol metabolism lead to structural and functional central nervous system diseases such as Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, Niemann-Pick type C disease, and Alzheimer's disease. These diseases affect different metabolic pathways (cholesterol biosynthesis, lipid transport and lipoprotein assembly, apolipoproteins, lipoprotein receptors, and signaling molecules). We review the metabolic pathways of cholesterol in the CNS and its cell-specific and microdomain-specific interaction with other pathways such as the amyloid precursor protein and discuss potential treatment strategies as well as the effects of the widespread use of LDL cholesterol-lowering drugs on brain functions.
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71
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Sagle LB, Ruvuna LK, Bingham JM, Liu C, Cremer PS, Van Duyne RP. Single plasmonic nanoparticle tracking studies of solid supported bilayers with ganglioside lipids. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:15832-9. [PMID: 22938041 PMCID: PMC3526348 DOI: 10.1021/ja3054095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Single-particle tracking experiments were carried out with gold nanoparticle-labeled solid supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) containing increasing concentrations of ganglioside (GM(1)). The negatively charged nanoparticles electrostatically associate with a small percentage of positively charged lipids (ethyl phosphatidylcholine) in the bilayers. The samples containing no GM(1) show random diffusion in 92% of the particles examined with a diffusion constant of 4.3(±4.5) × 10(-9) cm(2)/s. In contrast, samples containing 14% GM(1) showed a mixture of particles displaying both random and confined diffusion, with the majority of particles, 62%, showing confined diffusion. Control experiments support the notion that the nanoparticles are not associating with the GM(1) moieties but instead most likely confined to regions in between the GM(1) clusters. Analysis of the root-mean-squared displacement plots for all of the data reveals decreasing trends in the confined diffusion constant and diameter of the confining region versus increasing GM(1) concentration. In addition, a linearly decreasing trend is observed for the percentage of randomly diffusing particles versus GM(1) concentration, which offers a simple, direct way to measure the percolation threshold for this system, which has not previously been measured. The percolation threshold is found to be 22% GM(1) and the confining diameter at the percolation threshold only ∼50 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B. Sagle
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, United Sates
| | - Laura K. Ruvuna
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, United Sates
| | - Julia M. Bingham
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Xavier University, 3700 West 103 Street, Chicago, IL 60655, United Sates
| | - Chunming Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU College Station, TX 77843, United Sates
| | - Paul S. Cremer
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU College Station, TX 77843, United Sates
| | - Richard P. Van Duyne
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, United Sates
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72
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Shao C, Kendall E, DeVoe DL. Electro-optical BLM chips enabling dynamic imaging of ordered lipid domains. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:3142-9. [PMID: 22728885 PMCID: PMC3411933 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40077d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Studies of lipid rafts, ordered microdomains of sphingolipids and cholesterol within cell membranes, are essential in probing the relationships between membrane organization and cellular function. While in vitro studies of lipid phase separation are commonly performed using spherical vesicles as model membranes, the utility of these models is limited by a number of factors. Here we present a microfluidic device that supports simultaneous electrical measurements and confocal imaging of on-chip bilayer lipid membranes (BLMs), enabling real-time multi-domain imaging of membrane organization. The chips further support closed microfluidic access to both sides of the membrane, allowing the membrane boundary conditions to be rapidly changed and providing a mechanism for dynamically adjusting membrane curvature through application of a transmembrane pressure gradient. Here we demonstrate the platform through the study of dynamic generation and dissolution of ordered lipid domains as membrane components are transported to and from the supporting annulus containing solvated lipids and cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenren Shao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Eric Kendall
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Don L. DeVoe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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73
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Sorci-Thomas MG, Owen JS, Fulp B, Bhat S, Zhu X, Parks JS, Shah D, Jerome WG, Gerelus M, Zabalawi M, Thomas MJ. Nascent high density lipoproteins formed by ABCA1 resemble lipid rafts and are structurally organized by three apoA-I monomers. J Lipid Res 2012; 53:1890-909. [PMID: 22750655 PMCID: PMC3413229 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m026674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This report details the lipid composition of nascent HDL (nHDL) particles formed by the action of the ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) on apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I). nHDL particles of different size (average diameters of ∼ 12, 10, 7.5, and <6 nm) and composition were purified by size-exclusion chromatography. Electron microscopy suggested that the nHDL were mostly spheroidal. The proportions of the principal nHDL lipids, free cholesterol, glycerophosphocholine, and sphingomyelin were similar to that of lipid rafts, suggesting that the lipid originated from a raft-like region of the cell. Smaller amounts of glucosylceramides, cholesteryl esters, and other glycerophospholipid classes were also present. The largest particles, ∼ 12 nm and 10 nm diameter, contained ∼ 43% free cholesterol, 2-3% cholesteryl ester, and three apoA-I molecules. Using chemical cross-linking chemistry combined with mass spectrometry, we found that three molecules of apoA-I in the ∼ 9-14 nm nHDL adopted a belt-like conformation. The smaller (7.5 nm diameter) spheroidal nHDL particles carried 30% free cholesterol and two molecules of apoA-I in a twisted, antiparallel, double-belt conformation. Overall, these new data offer fresh insights into the biogenesis and structural constraints involved in forming nascent HDL from ABCA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary G Sorci-Thomas
- Department of Pathology, Section on Lipid Sciences, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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74
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Reeves VL, Thomas CM, Smart EJ. Lipid rafts, caveolae and GPI-linked proteins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 729:3-13. [PMID: 22411310 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-1222-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lipid rafts and caveolae are specialized membrane microdomains enriched in sphingolipids and cholesterol. They function in a variety of cellular processes including but not limited to endocytosis, transcytosis, signal transduction and receptor recycling. Here, we outline the similarities and differences between lipid rafts and caveolae as well as discuss important components and functions of each.
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75
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Atherosclerosis, caveolae and caveolin-1. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 729:127-44. [PMID: 22411318 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-1222-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a disease of the blood vessel characterized by the development of an arterial occlusion containing lipid and cellular deposits. Caveolae are 50-100 nm cell surface plasma membrane invaginations that are believed to play an important role in the regulation of cellular signaling and transport of molecules among others. These organelles are enriched in sphingolipids and cholesterol and are characterized by the presence of the protein caveolin-1. Caveolin-1 and caveolae are present in most of the cells involved in the development of atherosclerosis. The current literature suggests a rather complex role for caveolin-1 in this disease, with evidence of either pro- or anti-atherogenic functions depending on the cell type examined. In the present chapter, the various roles of caveolae and caveolin-1 in the development of atherosclerosis are examined.
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76
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Ren W, Liu J, Guo S, Wang E. SERS imaging for label-free detection of the phospholipids distribution in hybrid lipid membrane. Sci China Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-011-4312-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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77
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Yamashita T. Glycosphingolipid modification: structural diversity, functional and mechanistic integration of diabetes. Diabetes Metab J 2011; 35:309-16. [PMID: 21977449 PMCID: PMC3178690 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2011.35.4.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are present in all mammalian cell plasma membranes and intracellular membrane structures. They are especially concentrated in plasma membrane lipid domains that are specialized for cell signaling. Plasma membranes have typical structures called rafts and caveola domain structures, with large amounts of sphingolipids, cholesterol, and sphingomyelin. GSLs are usually observed in many organs ubiquitously. However, GSLs, including over 400 derivatives, participate in diverse cellular functions. Several studies indicate that GSLs might have an effect on signal transduction related to insulin receptors and epidermal growth factor receptors. GSLs may modulate immune responses by transmitting signals from the exterior to the interior of the cell. Guillain-Barré syndrome is one of the autoimmune disorders characterized by symmetrical weakness in the muscles of the legs. The targets of the immune response are thought to be gangliosides, which are one group of GSLs. Other GSLs may serve as second messengers in several signaling pathways that are important to cell survival or programmed cell death. In the search for clear evidence that GSLs may play critical roles in various biological functions, many researchers have made genetically engineered mice. Before the era of gene manipulation, spontaneous animal models or chemical-induced disease models were used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Yamashita
- Graduate School of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- World Class University Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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78
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79
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Kindt JT. Atomistic simulation of mixed-lipid bilayers: mixed methods for mixed membranes. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2011.561434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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80
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Howell SC, Mittal R, Huang L, Travis B, Breyer RM, Sanders CR. CHOBIMALT: a cholesterol-based detergent. Biochemistry 2011; 49:9572-83. [PMID: 20919740 DOI: 10.1021/bi101334j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol and its hemisuccinate and sulfate derivatives are widely used in studies of purified membrane proteins but are difficult to solubilize in aqueous solution, even in the presence of detergent micelles. Other cholesterol derivatives do not form conventional micelles and lead to viscous solutions. To address these problems, a cholesterol-based detergent, CHOBIMALT, has been synthesized and characterized. At concentrations above 3−4 μM, CHOBIMALT forms micelles without the need for elevated temperatures or sonic disruption. Diffusion and fluorescence measurements indicated that CHOBIMALT micelles are large (210±30 kDa). The ability to solubilize a functional membrane protein was explored using a G-protein coupled receptor, the human kappa opioid receptor type 1 (hKOR1). While CHOBIMALT alone was not found to be effective as a surfactant for membrane extraction, when added to classical detergent micelles CHOBIMALT was observed to dramatically enhance the thermal stability of solubilized hKOR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley C Howell
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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81
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Nojima Y, Iwata K. Lipid Bilayer Membrane of Egg-PC Liposome Evaluated as Chemical Reaction Field with Picosecond Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Chem Asian J 2011; 6:1817-24. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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82
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Kim BW, Lee CS, Yi JS, Lee JH, Lee JW, Choo HJ, Jung SY, Kim MS, Lee SW, Lee MS, Yoon G, Ko YG. Lipid raft proteome reveals that oxidative phosphorylation system is associated with the plasma membrane. Expert Rev Proteomics 2011; 7:849-66. [PMID: 21142887 DOI: 10.1586/epr.10.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although accumulating proteomic analyses have supported the fact that mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes are localized in lipid rafts, which mediate cell signaling, immune response and host-pathogen interactions, there has been no in-depth study of the physiological functions of lipid-raft OXPHOS complexes. Here, we show that many subunits of OXPHOS complexes were identified from the lipid rafts of human adipocytes, C2C12 myotubes, Jurkat cells and surface biotin-labeled Jurkat cells via shotgun proteomic analysis. We discuss the findings of OXPHOS complexes in lipid rafts, the role of the surface ATP synthase complex as a receptor for various ligands and extracellular superoxide generation by plasma membrane oxidative phosphorylation complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong-Woo Kim
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 1, 5-ka, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-ku, Seoul, Korea
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83
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Heberle FA, Wu J, Goh SL, Petruzielo RS, Feigenson GW. Comparison of three ternary lipid bilayer mixtures: FRET and ESR reveal nanodomains. Biophys J 2011; 99:3309-18. [PMID: 21081079 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Phase diagrams of ternary lipid mixtures containing cholesterol have provided valuable insight into cell membrane behaviors, especially by describing regions of coexisting liquid-disordered (Ld) and liquid-ordered (Lo) phases. Fluorescence microscopy imaging of giant unilamellar vesicles has greatly assisted the determination of phase behavior in these systems. However, the requirement for optically resolved Ld + Lo domains can lead to the incorrect inference that in lipid-only mixtures, Ld + Lo domain coexistence generally shows macroscopic domains. Here we show this inference is incorrect for the low melting temperature phosphatidylcholines abundant in mammalian plasma membranes. By use of high compositional resolution Förster resonance energy transfer measurements, together with electron spin resonance data and spectral simulation, we find that ternary mixtures of DSPC and cholesterol together with either POPC or SOPC, do indeed have regions of Ld + Lo coexistence. However, phase domains are much smaller than the optical resolution limit, likely on the order of the Förster distance for energy transfer (R(0), ∼2-8 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick A Heberle
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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84
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de Joannis J, Coppock PS, Yin F, Mori M, Zamorano A, Kindt JT. Atomistic Simulation of Cholesterol Effects on Miscibility of Saturated and Unsaturated Phospholipids: Implications for Liquid-Ordered/Liquid-Disordered Phase Coexistence. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:3625-34. [DOI: 10.1021/ja110425s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason de Joannis
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Institutional Program of Molecular Biomedicine, ENMH-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patrick S. Coppock
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Institutional Program of Molecular Biomedicine, ENMH-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fuchang Yin
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Institutional Program of Molecular Biomedicine, ENMH-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Makoto Mori
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Institutional Program of Molecular Biomedicine, ENMH-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Absalom Zamorano
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Institutional Program of Molecular Biomedicine, ENMH-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - James T. Kindt
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Institutional Program of Molecular Biomedicine, ENMH-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
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85
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Kapoor S, Werkmüller A, Denter C, Zhai Y, Markgraf J, Weise K, Opitz N, Winter R. Temperature-pressure phase diagram of a heterogeneous anionic model biomembrane system: results from a combined calorimetry, spectroscopy and microscopy study. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1808:1187-95. [PMID: 21262194 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
By using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy in combination with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) coupled with pressure perturbation calorimetry (PPC), ultrasound velocimetry, Laurdan fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM), the temperature and pressure dependent phase behavior of the five-component anionic model raft lipid mixture DOPC/DOPG/DPPC/DPPG/cholesterol (20:5:45:5:25 mol%) was investigated. A temperature range from 5 to 65 °C and a pressure range up to 16 kbar were covered to establish the temperature-pressure phase diagram of this heterogeneous model biomembrane system. Incorporation of 10-20 mol% PG still leads to liquid-ordered (l(o))-liquid-disordered (l(d)) phase coexistence regions over a wide range of temperatures and pressures. Compared to the corresponding neutral model raft mixture (DOPC/DPPC/Chol 25:50:25 mol%), the p,T-phase diagram is - as expected and in accordance with the Gibbs phase rule - more complex, the phase sequence as a function of temperature and pressure is largely similar, however. This anionic heterogeneous model membrane system will serve as a more realistic model biomembrane system to study protein interactions with anionic lipid bilayers displaying liquid-disordered/liquid-ordered domain coexistence over a wide range of the temperature-pressure plane, thus allowing also studies of biologically relevant systems encountered under extreme environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobhna Kapoor
- Physical Chemistry I-Biophysical Chemistry, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
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86
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The human cytomegalovirus protein UL37 exon 1 associates with internal lipid rafts. J Virol 2010; 85:2100-11. [PMID: 21177823 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01830-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) protein UL37 exon 1 (pUL37x1), also known as viral mitochondrion-localized inhibitor of apoptosis (vMIA), sequentially traffics from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through mitochondrion-associated membranes (MAMs) to the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM), where it robustly inhibits apoptosis. Here, we report the association of pUL37x1/vMIA with internal lipid rafts (LRs) in the ER/MAM. The MAM, which serves as a site for lipid transfer and calcium signaling to mitochondria, is enriched in detergent-resistant membrane (DRM)-forming lipids, including cholesterol and ceramide, which are found in lower concentrations in the bulk ER. Sigma 1 receptor (Sig-1R), a MAM chaperone affecting calcium signaling to mitochondria, is anchored in the MAM by its LR association. Because of its trafficking through the MAM and partial colocalization with Sig-1R, we tested whether pUL37x1/vMIA associates with MAM LRs. Extraction with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) removed pUL37x1/vMIA from lysed but not intact cells, indicating its association with internal LRs. Furthermore, the isolation of DRMs from purified intracellular organelles independently verified the localization of pUL37x1/vMIA within ER/MAM LRs. However, pUL37x1/vMIA was not detected in DRMs from mitochondria. pUL37x1/vMIA associated with LRs during all temporal phases of HCMV infection, indicating the likely importance of this location for HCMV growth. Although detected during its sequential trafficking to the OMM, the pUL37x1/vMIA LR association was independent of its mitochondrial targeting signals. Rather, it was dependent upon cholesterol binding. These studies suggest a conserved ability of UL37 proteins to interact with cholesterol and LRs, which is functionally distinguishable from their sequential trafficking to mitochondria.
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87
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Gupta P, Vijayan VK, Bansal SK. Sphingomyelin metabolism in erythrocyte membrane in asthma. J Asthma 2010; 47:966-71. [PMID: 21054235 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2010.517590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sphingomyelin (SM), a major lipid constituent of outer leaflet of plasma membranes, with cholesterol, constitutes microdomains, which are termed as lipid rafts. These rafts provide support to proteins, receptors, enzymes, and so on and organize and orient them to conduct cellular functions including transmembrane signaling to substances in external milieu. The SM contents are regulated by its metabolism, changes in which may affect the composition of lipid rafts and cell response to the triggers of asthma which may lead to the pathophysiology. For studying changes in membranes, erythrocytes, which contain lipid rafts, are considered to be the best cell type. Hence, this study was conducted on plasma membrane of erythrocytes of asthmatic patients. OBJECTIVE The objective is to understand the changes in SM metabolism in asthma. METHODS The study included 50 subjects (25 asthmatics and 25 healthy subjects). Erythrocytes were isolated from the peripheral blood and membrane prepared. This was followed by determination of total cholesterol, phospholipids, SM, and sphingomyelinase activity. P < .05 was considered significant. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS In asthmatics, there was a significant decrease in cholesterol contents (p < .05), decrease in total phospholipid contents (p < .005), increase in SM (p < .01), decrease in cholesterol: SM ratio (p < .001) and increase in sphingomyelinase activity (p < .001) in erythrocyte membranes. We conclude that in asthma, the increase in SM contents is associated with increased sphingomyelinase activity which shows an imbalance in SM metabolism, directed toward its accumulation. The ratio of cholesterol to SM, critical for maintenance of lipid rafts, was significantly lower in asthmatics. This indicates changes in structure of lipid rafts which may lead to the pathophysiology and development of asthma. Regulation of SM metabolism may help in disease regulation and its control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, V. P. Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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88
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Lissner S, Nold L, Hsieh CJ, Turner JR, Gregor M, Graeve L, Lamprecht G. Activity and PI3-kinase dependent trafficking of the intestinal anion exchanger downregulated in adenoma depend on its PDZ interaction and on lipid rafts. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2010; 299:G907-20. [PMID: 20634435 PMCID: PMC5142450 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00191.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The Cl/HCO(3) exchanger downregulated in adenoma (DRA) mediates electroneutral NaCl absorption in the intestine together with the apical Na/H exchanger NHE3. Lipid rafts (LR) modulate transport activity and are involved in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase)-dependent trafficking of NHE3. Although DRA and NHE3 interact via PDZ adaptor proteins of the NHERF family, the role of LR and PDZ proteins in the regulation of DRA is unknown. We examined the association of DRA with LR using the nonionic detergent Triton X-100. DRA cofractionated with LR independently of its PDZ binding motif. Furthermore, DRA interacts with PDZK1, E3KARP, and IKEPP in LR, although their localization within lipid rafts is independent of DRA. Disruption of LR integrity resulted in the disappearance of DRA from LR, in a decrease of its surface expression and in a reduction of its activity. In HEK cells the inhibition of DRA by LR disruption was entirely dependent on the presence of the PDZ interaction motif. In addition, in Caco-2/BBE cells the inhibition by LR disruption was more pronounced in wild-type DRA than in mutated DRA (DRA-ETKFminus; lacking the PDZ binding motif)-expressing cells. Inhibition of PI3-kinase decreased the activity and the cell surface expression of wild-type DRA but not of DRA-ETKFminus; the partitioning into LR was unaffected. Furthermore, simultaneous inhibition of PI3-kinase and disruption of LR did not further decrease DRA activity and cell surface expression compared with LR disruption only. These results suggest that the activity of DRA depends on its LR association, on its PDZ interaction, and on PI3-kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Lissner
- 1st Medical Department, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany,
| | - L. Nold
- 1st Medical Department, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany,
| | - C.-J. Hsieh
- 1st Medical Department, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany,
| | - J. R. Turner
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - M. Gregor
- 1st Medical Department, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany,
| | - L. Graeve
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Hohenheim, Germany
| | - G. Lamprecht
- 1st Medical Department, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany,
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89
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Rawat A, Nagaraj R. Determinants of membrane association in the SH4 domain of Fyn: Roles of N-terminus myristoylation and side-chain thioacylation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2010; 1798:1854-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2009] [Revised: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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90
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Farkas ER, Webb WW. Precise and millidegree stable temperature control for fluorescence imaging: application to phase transitions in lipid membranes. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2010; 81:093704. [PMID: 20886984 PMCID: PMC2955721 DOI: 10.1063/1.3483263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We present the design of a custom temperature-controlled chamber suitable for water or oil immersion fluorescence microscopy and its application to phase behavior in lipid bilayer vesicles. The apparatus is self-contained and portable, suitable for multiuser microscopy facilities. It offers a higher temperature resolution and stability than any comparable commercial apparatus, on the order of millidegrees. We demonstrate the utility of the system in the study of miscibility transitions in model membranes. The temperature-dependent phase behavior of model membrane systems that display liquid-ordered (L(o)) phase coexistence with the liquid-disordered (L(d)) phase is relevant to understanding the existence of heterogeneities in biological cell plasma membranes, ubiquitously termed "lipid rafts."
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine R Farkas
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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91
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Fluorescent probe partitioning in giant unilamellar vesicles of ‘lipid raft’ mixtures. Biochem J 2010; 430:415-23. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20100516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Direct visualization of raft-like lo (liquid-ordered) domains in model systems and cells using microscopic techniques requires fluorescence probes with known partitioning preference for one of the phases present. However, fluorescent probes may display dissimilar partitioning preferences in different lipid sys-tems and can also affect the phase behaviour of the host lipid bilayer. Therefore a detailed understanding of the behaviour of fluorescent probes in defined lipid bilayer systems with known phase behaviour is essential before they can be used for identifying domain phase states. Using giant unilamellar vesicles composed of the ternary lipid mixture DOPC (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine)/DPPC (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine)/cholesterol, for which the phase behaviour is known, we examined nine commonly used fluorescent probes using confocal fluorescence microscopy. The partitioning preference of each probe was assigned either on the basis of quantification of the domain area fractions or by using a well-characterized ld (liquid-disordered)-phase marker. Fluorescent probes were examined both individually and using dual or triple labelling approaches. Most of the probes partitioned individually into the ld phase, whereas only NAP (naphtho[2,3-a]pyrene) and NBD-DPPE [1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-(7-nitro-2-1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl] preferred the lo phase. We found that Rh-DPPE (Lissamine™ rhodamine B–1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine) increased the miscibility transition temperature, Tmix. Interestingly, the partitioning of DiIC18 (1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate) was influenced by Bodipy®-PC [2-(4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-pentanoyl)-1-hexa-decanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine]. The specific use of each of the fluorescent probes is determined by its photostability, partitioning preference, ability to detect lipid phase separations and induced change in Tmix. We demonstrate the importance of testing a specific fluorescent probe in a given model membrane system, rather than assuming that it labels a particular lipid phase.
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92
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Kojima H, Inoue T, Sugita M, Itonori S, Ito M. Biochemical studies on sphingolipid of Artemia franciscana (I) isolation and characterization of sphingomyelin. Lipids 2010; 45:635-43. [PMID: 20571930 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-010-3438-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sphingomyelin was isolated from cysts of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana using QAE-Sephadex A25, Florisil and Iatrobeads column chromatographies. The chemical structure was identified using thin-layer chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography, infrared spectroscopy and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The ceramide moiety of sphingomyelin consisted of stearic, arachidic, and behenic acids as fatty acids, and hexadeca-4- and heptadeca-4-sphingenines as sphingoids. By comparative analysis, the ceramide component of Artemia sphingomyelin appears unique in invertebrates and vertebrates. Biological functions of sphingomyelin have largely been investigated using mammalian-derived sphingomyelin. In mammals, a wide variety of molecular species of sphingomyelins have been reported, especially derived from nerve tissue, while the lower animal Artemia contains this unusual sphingomyelin perhaps because of having a much simpler nervous system. The purified unusual sphingomyelin derived from Artemia franciscana might be a very useful tool in elucidating the functions and mechanisms of action of this mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisao Kojima
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
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93
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Abstract
Retroviruses undergo several critical steps to complete a replication cycle. These include the complex processes of virus entry, assembly, and budding that often take place at the plasma membrane of the host cell. Both virus entry and release involve membrane fusion/fission reactions between the viral envelopes and host cell membranes. Accumulating evidence indicates important roles for lipids and lipid microdomains in virus entry and egress. In this review, we outline the current understanding of the role of lipids and membrane microdomains in retroviral replication.
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94
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Domingues CC, Ciana A, Buttafava A, Casadei BR, Balduini C, de Paula E, Minetti G. Effect of Cholesterol Depletion and Temperature on the Isolation of Detergent-Resistant Membranes from Human Erythrocytes. J Membr Biol 2010; 234:195-205. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-010-9246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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95
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Structural role of mismatched C-C bonds in a series of d-erythro-sphingomyelins as studied by DSC and electron microscopy. Chem Phys Lipids 2010; 163:514-23. [PMID: 20307518 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2010.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Revised: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of d-erythro (2S, 3R) sphingomyelins (SMs) whose acyl chain was 16, 18, 20, 22, and 24 carbons long, respectively, was synthesized by the acylation of d-erythro-sphingosylphosphorylcholine. For all the SM dispersions, reversible and reproducible thermal behavior was observed to show the gel-to-gel and the main gel-to-liquid crystal phase transition in heating scan. The main transition enthalpy (DeltaH(M)) decreased linearly with increasing acyl chain length. The vesicular structures were observed for all the gel phases at temperatures just below the main transition, but the mean diameter of these vesicles changed markedly from approximately 1.5 to 100nm with increasing acyl chain length. On this basis, the decrease in DeltaH(M) with increasing acyl chain length was discussed from the viewpoint of the effect of the mismatched C-C bonds in the acyl chain on the van der Waals attractive force between the matched acyl chain segment and the sphingoshine chain of the gel phase at temperatures just below the main transition.
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96
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Inhomogeneities in sodium decylsulfate doped 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine bilayer. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 343:401-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Revised: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 11/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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97
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Sphingolipids of human umbilical cord vein and their alteration in preeclampsia. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 340:81-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0403-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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98
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Juhasz J, Sharom FJ, Davis JH. Quantitative characterization of coexisting phases in DOPC/DPPC/cholesterol mixtures: Comparing confocal fluorescence microscopy and deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2009; 1788:2541-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Revised: 09/30/2009] [Accepted: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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99
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Significance of glycosphingolipid fatty acid chain length on membrane microdomain-mediated signal transduction. FEBS Lett 2009; 584:1642-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Revised: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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100
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Stanislas T, Bouyssie D, Rossignol M, Vesa S, Fromentin J, Morel J, Pichereaux C, Monsarrat B, Simon-Plas F. Quantitative proteomics reveals a dynamic association of proteins to detergent-resistant membranes upon elicitor signaling in tobacco. Mol Cell Proteomics 2009; 8:2186-98. [PMID: 19525550 PMCID: PMC2742443 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m900090-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2009] [Revised: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of evidence from the past decade supports the existence, in membrane from animal and yeast cells, of functional microdomains playing important roles in protein sorting, signal transduction, or infection by pathogens. In plants, as previously observed for animal microdomains, detergent-resistant fractions, enriched in sphingolipids and sterols, were isolated from plasma membrane. A characterization of their proteic content revealed their enrichment in proteins involved in signaling and response to biotic and abiotic stress and cell trafficking suggesting that these domains were likely to be involved in such physiological processes. In the present study, we used (14)N/(15)N metabolic labeling to compare, using a global quantitative proteomics approach, the content of tobacco detergent-resistant membranes extracted from cells treated or not with cryptogein, an elicitor of defense reaction. To analyze the data, we developed a software allowing an automatic quantification of the proteins identified. The results obtained indicate that, although the association to detergent-resistant membranes of most proteins remained unchanged upon cryptogein treatment, five proteins had their relative abundance modified. Four proteins related to cell trafficking (four dynamins) were less abundant in the detergent-resistant membrane fraction after cryptogein treatment, whereas one signaling protein (a 14-3-3 protein) was enriched. This analysis indicates that plant microdomains could, like their animal counterpart, play a role in the early signaling process underlying the setup of defense reaction. Furthermore proteins identified as differentially associated to tobacco detergent-resistant membranes after cryptogein challenge are involved in signaling and vesicular trafficking as already observed in similar studies performed in animal cells upon biological stimuli. This suggests that the ways by which the dynamic association of proteins to microdomains could participate in the regulation of the signaling process may be conserved between plant and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Stanislas
- From the ‡Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Plante Microbe Environnement 1088/CNRS 5184/Université de Bourgogne, 17 Rue Sully, BP 86510 F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - David Bouyssie
- ¶Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- ‖IPBS, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, F-31077 Toulouse, France, and
| | - Michel Rossignol
- ¶Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- ‖IPBS, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, F-31077 Toulouse, France, and
- **IPBS, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 40 Plateforme Protéomique, 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Simona Vesa
- From the ‡Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Plante Microbe Environnement 1088/CNRS 5184/Université de Bourgogne, 17 Rue Sully, BP 86510 F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Jérôme Fromentin
- From the ‡Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Plante Microbe Environnement 1088/CNRS 5184/Université de Bourgogne, 17 Rue Sully, BP 86510 F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Johanne Morel
- From the ‡Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Plante Microbe Environnement 1088/CNRS 5184/Université de Bourgogne, 17 Rue Sully, BP 86510 F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Carole Pichereaux
- ¶Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- ‖IPBS, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, F-31077 Toulouse, France, and
- **IPBS, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 40 Plateforme Protéomique, 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Bernard Monsarrat
- ¶Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France
- ‖IPBS, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, F-31077 Toulouse, France, and
| | - Françoise Simon-Plas
- From the ‡Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) Plante Microbe Environnement 1088/CNRS 5184/Université de Bourgogne, 17 Rue Sully, BP 86510 F-21000 Dijon, France
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