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Silva SAME, Michniak-Kohn B, Leonardi GR. An overview about oxidation in clinical practice of skin aging. An Bras Dermatol 2017; 92:367-374. [PMID: 29186250 PMCID: PMC5514578 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20175481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Free radicals are unstable chemical species, highly reactive, being formed by cellular entities of different tissues. Increased production of these species without proper effective action of endogenous and exogenous antioxidant systems, generates a condition of oxidative stress, potentially provider of skin disorders that extend from functional impairments (skin cancer, dermatitis, chronic and acute inflammatory processes) even aesthetic character, with the destruction of structural proteins and cellular changes with the appearance of stains, marks and lines of expressions and other signs inherent to the intrinsic and extrinsic skin aging process. The antioxidants are chemical substances commonly used in clinical practice for topical application and may contribute in the fight against the radical species responsible for many skin damage. This paper summarized the main evidence of the benefits brought by the topical application of antioxidants in the skin, considering the amplitude of the indicative performance of antioxidant activity by in vitro and ex-vivo tests as well as in vivo tests. It is recognized that a breadth of product performance tests should be explored to truly identify the effectiveness of antioxidant products for an anti-aging effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bozena Michniak-Kohn
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers-The State University of New
Jersey, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy - New Jersey, United States of
America
| | - Gislaine Ricci Leonardi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de
Campinas (UNICAMP) - Campinas (SP), Brazil
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Li H, Li Z, Peng L, Jiang N, Liu Q, Zhang E, Liang B, Li R, Zhu H. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide protects human keratinocytes against UVB-induced photo-damage. Free Radic Res 2017; 51:200-210. [PMID: 28287048 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1294755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenjie Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liqian Peng
- Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Jiang
- Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, China
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Erting Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bihua Liang
- Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Runxiang Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huilan Zhu
- Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, China
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Yu J, Qian C, Zhang Y, Cui Z, Zhu Y, Shen Q, Ligler FS, Buse JB, Gu Z. Hypoxia and H 2O 2 Dual-Sensitive Vesicles for Enhanced Glucose-Responsive Insulin Delivery. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:733-739. [PMID: 28079384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A glucose-responsive closed-loop insulin delivery system mimicking pancreas activity without long-term side effect has the potential to improve diabetic patients' health and quality of life. Here, we developed a novel glucose-responsive insulin delivery device using a painless microneedle-array patch containing insulin-loaded vesicles. Formed by self-assembly of hypoxia and H2O2 dual-sensitive diblock copolymer, the glucose-responsive polymersome-based vesicles (d-GRPs) can disassociate and subsequently release insulin triggered by H2O2 and hypoxia generated during glucose oxidation catalyzed by glucose specific enzyme. Moreover, the d-GRPs were able to eliminate the excess H2O2, which may lead to free radical-induced damage to skin tissue during the long-term usage and reduce the activity of GOx. In vivo experiments indicated that this smart insulin patch could efficiently regulate the blood glucose in the chemically induced type 1 diabetic mice for 10 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicheng Yu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Chenggen Qian
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering and Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials & Technology of MOE, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Zheng Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Yong Zhu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Qundong Shen
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering and Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials & Technology of MOE, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Frances S Ligler
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - John B Buse
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Zhen Gu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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Grammenandi K, Kyriazi M, Katsarou-Katsari A, Papadopoulos O, Anastassopoulou I, Papaioannou GT, Sagriotis A, Rallis M, Maibach HI. Low-Molecular-Weight Hydrophilic and Lipophilic Antioxidants in Nonmelanoma Skin Carcinomas and Adjacent Normal-Looking Skin. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 29:324-331. [PMID: 28099963 DOI: 10.1159/000453456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight antioxidants are some of the most efficient agents of the skin defense mechanism against environmental factors, such as cosmic rays, smoke, and pollutants. The total skin concentrations of hydrophilic ascorbic and uric acids, as well as lipophilic α-tocopherol, β-carotene, and ubiquinol-10 antioxidants were determined by an HPLC-EC detector from 18 biopsies of human nonmelanoma skin carcinomas and 18 biopsies from skin areas adjacent to carcinomas. No significant differences in the concentrations of lipophilic antioxidants in both carcinomas and normal-looking skin areas adjacent to carcinomas were observed. On the contrary, ascorbic and uric acid concentrations were found to be 18 and 36% lower in carcinomas than in normal-looking skin areas, respectively. No statistical significance was observed between antioxidant concentrations and age, sex, phototype, profession, site of tumor, frequency, and time of UV light exposure either. Accordingly the antioxidant concentrations in both cancerous skin and adjacent normal-looking areas were found to be much higher than in normal skin, in contrast to literature data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Grammenandi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Lee H, Park JB, Ryu WI, Kim JH, Shin JJ, Son SW. Chloroform induces cystein-rich 61, a mediator of collagen homeostasis via early growth response-1 dependent pathway in human skin dermal fibroblasts. Mol Cell Toxicol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-016-0038-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Antognoni F, Lianza M, Poli F, Buccioni M, Santinelli C, Caprioli G, Iannarelli R, Lupidi G, Damiani E, Beghelli D, Alunno A, Maggi F. Polar extracts from the berry-like fruits of Hypericum androsaemum L. as a promising ingredient in skin care formulations. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 195:255-265. [PMID: 27864112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The top flowering aerial parts of the Hypericum species are traditionally used to prepare ointments to heal cuts and burns. Sometimes even the fruits are used for these purposes. Hypericum androsaemum L., commonly known as tutsan or shrubby St. John's Wort, is a Mediterranean medicinal plant which has been traditionally used to prepare an ointment for treating cuts and wounds. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the extracts obtained from H. androsaemum red berries as functional ingredients for skin care formulations. MATERIALS AND METHODS The methanolic extract was obtained by Soxhlet extraction while the aqueous extract was prepared by decoction; their composition was determined by HPLC analysis. Their biological activities were measured in terms of proliferation and migration of human fibroblasts, inhibition of collagenase activity, and immunomodulatory effects on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In addition, we evaluated their photostability by UV spectroscopy and their protective effects against APPH-induced hemolysis in red blood cells (RBC). RESULTS The polar extracts contained significant amounts of shikimic (108,143.7-115,901.3mg/kg) and chlorogenic acids (45,781.1-57,002.7mg/kg). The main components of these extracts made an important contribution to a significant increase in human fibroblast migration. Both extracts were also active as collagenase inhibitors, with the aqueous one showing a greater inhibitory capacity (IC50 value of 88.1µg/mL), similar to that of chlorogenic acid. The kinetic parameters determined for the enzymatic reaction revealed for both aqueous extract and chlorogenic acid an uncompetitive mechanism of inhibition. The methanolic extract showed important effects on PBMCs by modulating IL-6. Both extracts proved to be photostable in the UVA/B range and protected RBC against peroxidation at low concentrations. CONCLUSIONS H. androsaemum red berries were proven to contain phytochemicals that improve skin regeneration, hence potentially employable in skin care formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Antognoni
- Department of Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Mariacaterina Lianza
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Giulio Lupidi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Damiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Daniela Beghelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Alessia Alunno
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
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Dumoulin M, Gaudout D, Lemaire B. Clinical effects of an oral supplement rich in antioxidants on skin radiance in women. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2016; 9:315-324. [PMID: 27799805 PMCID: PMC5076548 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s118920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Environmental factors impact the skin aging resulting in decrease of skin radiance. Nutrition and particularly antioxidants could help to fight against skin degradation. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an oral supplement rich in specific antioxidants, SkinAx2TM, on the improvement of the skin radiance in women. Methods The open-label clinical study enrolled 35 women, aged 40–70, with facial dull complexion. Subjects were supplemented orally with a daily dosage of 150 mg of an antioxidant-rich formulation containing superoxide dismutase-rich melon concentrate, grape seed extract rich in monomers of flavanols, vitamin C, and zinc for 8 weeks. Each subject served as her own control. The C.L.B.T.™ test has been used to evaluate facial skin coloring (C), luminosity (L), brightness (B), and transparency (T) involved in skin radiance. Facial skin imperfections have been assessed by clinical assessment. Firmness has been evaluated by clinical assessment and cutometer measurement. Finally, an auto-questionnaire has been carried out in order to evaluate the satisfaction of the subjects concerning different parameters involved in skin radiance and the global efficacy of the supplement. Results Skin “red pink” and “olive” colors were significantly improved after supplementation (P<0.0001). Luminosity was increased by 25.9% (P<0.0001) whereas brightness and transparency were not affected by the supplementation. Facial skin imperfections were significantly reduced after the antioxidant-rich formulation intake (global reduction: −18.0%; P<0.0001). Indeed, dark circles, redness, and spots significantly diminished after oral treatment. Firmness and elasticity have been shown to be improved. Subjects were globally satisfied by the product (82.4%) and have found improvements on their facial skin. Furthermore, 64.7% reported to look better at the end of the supplementation. Conclusion The oral supplement containing the antioxidant-rich formulation was found to improve skin radiance by reducing skin coloring, increasing face luminosity, reducing imperfections, and improving skin firmness in women with dull complexion.
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Goldstein A, Soroka Y, Frušić-Zlotkin M, Lewis A, Kohen R. The bright side of plasmonic gold nanoparticles; activation of Nrf2, the cellular protective pathway. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:11748-11759. [PMID: 27224746 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr02113a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are widely investigated for cancer therapy, due to their ability to strongly absorb light and convert it to heat and thus selectively destroy tumor cells. In this study we shed light on a new aspect of AuNPs and their plasmonic excitation, wherein they can provide anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory protection by stimulating the cellular protective Nrf2 pathway. Our study was carried out on cells of the immune system, macrophages, and on skin cells, keratinocytes. A different response to AuNPs was noted in the two types of cells, explained by their distinct uptake profiles. In keratinocytes, the exposure to AuNPs, even at low concentrations, was sufficient to activate the Nrf2 pathway, without any irradiation, due to the presence of free AuNPs inside the cytosol. In contrast, in macrophages, the plasmonic excitation of the AuNPs by a low, non-lethal irradiation dose was required for their release from the constraining vesicles. The mechanism by which AuNPs activate the Nrf2 pathway was studied. Direct and indirect activation were suggested, based on the inherent ability of the AuNPs to react with thiol groups and to generate reactive oxygen species, in particular, under plasmonic excitation. The ability of AuNPs to directly activate the Nrf2 pathway renders them good candidates for treatment of disorders in which the up-regulation of Nrf2 is beneficial, specifically for topical treatment of inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alona Goldstein
- The David and Ines Myers Skin Research Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112100, Israel. and Department of Applied Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Yoram Soroka
- The David and Ines Myers Skin Research Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112100, Israel.
| | - Marina Frušić-Zlotkin
- The David and Ines Myers Skin Research Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112100, Israel.
| | - Aaron Lewis
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Ron Kohen
- The David and Ines Myers Skin Research Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112100, Israel.
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Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Skin Aging: The Role of DNA Damage and Oxidative Stress in Epidermal Stem Cell Damage Mediated Skin Aging. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:7370642. [PMID: 27148370 PMCID: PMC4842382 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7370642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is the largest human organ. Skin continually reconstructs itself to ensure its viability, integrity, and ability to provide protection for the body. Some areas of skin are continuously exposed to a variety of environmental stressors that can inflict direct and indirect damage to skin cell DNA. Skin homeostasis is maintained by mesenchymal stem cells in inner layer dermis and epidermal stem cells (ESCs) in the outer layer epidermis. Reduction of skin stem cell number and function has been linked to impaired skin homeostasis (e.g., skin premature aging and skin cancers). Skin stem cells, with self-renewal capability and multipotency, are frequently affected by environment. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR), a major cause of stem cell DNA damage, can contribute to depletion of stem cells (ESCs and mesenchymal stem cells) and damage of stem cell niche, eventually leading to photoinduced skin aging. In this review, we discuss the role of UV-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress in the skin stem cell aging in order to gain insights into the pathogenesis and develop a way to reduce photoaging of skin cells.
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Gause S, Chauhan A. UV-blocking potential of oils and juices. Int J Cosmet Sci 2016; 38:354-63. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Gause
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Florida; 1006 Center Dr. Gainesville FL 32611 U.S.A
| | - A. Chauhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Florida; 1006 Center Dr. Gainesville FL 32611 U.S.A
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Yang X, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Lee WH, Zhang Y. Rich diversity and potency of skin antioxidant peptides revealed a novel molecular basis for high-altitude adaptation of amphibians. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19866. [PMID: 26813022 PMCID: PMC4728494 DOI: 10.1038/srep19866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the mechanisms of high-altitude adaptation is an important research area in modern biology. To date, however, knowledge has been limited to the genetic mechanisms of adaptation to the lower oxygen and temperature levels prevalent at high altitudes, with adaptation to UV radiation largely neglected. Furthermore, few proteomic or peptidomic analyses of these factors have been performed. In this study, the molecular adaptation of high-altitude Odorrana andersonii and cavernicolous O. wuchuanensis to elevated UV radiation was investigated. Compared with O. wuchuanensis, O. andersonii exhibited greater diversity and free radical scavenging potentiality of skin antioxidant peptides to cope with UV radiation. This implied that O. andersonii evolved a much more complicated and powerful skin antioxidant peptide system to survive high-altitude UV levels. Our results provided valuable peptidomic clues for understanding the novel molecular basis for adaptation to high elevation habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Chinese Academy of Sciences &Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China.,Department of Anatomy and Histology &Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicine Resource, State Ethnic Affairs Commission &Ministry of Education, School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Chinese Academy of Sciences &Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Wen-Hui Lee
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Chinese Academy of Sciences &Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Chinese Academy of Sciences &Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China
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Kang SJ, Choi BR, Lee EK, Kim SH, Yi HY, Park HR, Song CH, Lee YJ, Ku SK. Inhibitory Effect of Dried Pomegranate Concentration Powder on Melanogenesis in B16F10 Melanoma Cells; Involvement of p38 and PKA Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:24219-42. [PMID: 26473849 PMCID: PMC4632747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161024219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants rich in antioxidant substances may be useful for preventing skin aging. Pomegranates, containing flavonoids and other polyphenolic compounds, are widely consumed due to their beneficial properties. We examined the underlying mechanisms of dried pomegranate concentrate powder (PCP) on melanin synthesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. The antioxidant effects of PCP were determined by measuring free radical scavenging capacity and transcript levels of antioxidant enzymes. To explore the inhibitory effects of PCP on melanin synthesis, we measured tyrosinase activity and melanin content in α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-stimulated B16F10 cells. In addition, the levels of tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), TRP-2, tyrosinase, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) expression were determined by Western blotting. Changes in the phosphorylation status of protein kinase A (PKA), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), serine/threonine kinase Akt, and glycogen kinase 3β (GSK3β) were also examined. The free radical scavenging activity of PCP increased in a dose-dependent manner. In PCP-treated B16F10 cells, transcript levels of glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) were increased compared with α-MSH-stimulated cells. In addition, PCP led to the down-regulation of phospho-p38, phospho-PKA, phospho-CREB, phospho-GSK3β, MITF, and TRP-1 compared with α-MSH-stimulated B16F10 cells. We believe this effect may be associated with PCP activity, which leads to the inhibition of melanin production and tyrosinase activity. These results suggest that PCP decreases tyrosinase activity and melanin production via inactivation of the p38 and PKA signaling pathways, and subsequently decreases phosphorylation of CREB, MITF, and melanogenic enzymes. These observations provided new insights on the molecular mechanisms of the skin-whitening property of PCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Kang
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Korea.
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Deagu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Korea.
| | - Beom Rak Choi
- Research Institute, Health-Love Co., Ltd., Anyang 431-060, Korea.
| | - Eun Kyoung Lee
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Korea.
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Deagu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Korea.
| | - Seung Hee Kim
- Research Institute, Health-Love Co., Ltd., Anyang 431-060, Korea.
| | - Hae Yeon Yi
- Research Institute, Health-Love Co., Ltd., Anyang 431-060, Korea.
| | - Hye Rim Park
- Research Institute, Health-Love Co., Ltd., Anyang 431-060, Korea.
| | - Chang Hyun Song
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Korea.
- Department of Histology and Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Korea.
| | - Young Joon Lee
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Korea.
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Deagu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Korea.
| | - Sae Kwang Ku
- The Medical Research Center for Globalization of Herbal Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Korea.
- Department of Histology and Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 712-715, Korea.
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Hsu WT, Chiang CJ, Chao YP, Chang CH, Lin LJ, Yu B, Lee TT. Effects of recombinant lycopene dietary supplement on the egg quality and blood characteristics of laying quails. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 120:539-43. [PMID: 26100321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary supplement of bacterial lycopene (BL) produced by Escherichia coli on the egg quality and blood characteristics of laying quails. The antioxidant activity measurement showed that BL exhibited 100% 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging capacity at a concentration of 4.65 μg/ml, which was more effective than butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and commercial lycopene (CL). Moreover, seven dietary groups of laying quails consisting of 10 100-day-old quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) each were fed with the basal diet supplemented with BL, CL or canthaxanthin (CA) for 4 weeks. Consequently, the triglyceride content of yolk was significantly lower in the group with BL and CL supplement. The serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level of the BL- and CA-supplemented groups at 18 mg/kg was lower than the control group. In conclusion, BL has a high antioxidant activity and is promising as a feed additive in the diet of laying quails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Hsu
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Jen Chiang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Peng Chao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huan Chang
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jen Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Bi Yu
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Tai Lee
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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Popovic A, Wiggins T, Davids LM. Differential susceptibility of primary cultured human skin cells to hypericin PDT in an in vitro model. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 149:249-56. [PMID: 26114219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Skin cancer is the most common cancer worldwide, and its incidence rate in South Africa is increasing. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been shown to be an effective treatment modality, through topical administration, for treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers. Our group investigates hypericin-induced PDT (HYP-PDT) for the treatment of both non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancers. However, a prerequisite for effective cancer treatments is efficient and selective targeting of the tumoral cells with minimal collateral damage to the surrounding normal cells, as it is well established that cancer therapies have bystander effects on normal cells in the body, often causing undesirable side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the cellular and molecular effects of HYP-PDT on normal primary human keratinocytes (Kc), melanocytes (Mc) and fibroblasts (Fb) in an in vitro tissue culture model which represented both the epidermal and dermal cellular compartments of human skin. Cell viability analysis revealed a differential cytotoxic response to a range of HYP-PDT doses in all the human skin cell types, showing that Fb (LD50=1.75μM) were the most susceptible to HYP-PDT, followed by Mc (LD50=3.5μM) and Kc (LD50>4μM HYP-PDT) These results correlated with the morphological analysis which displayed distinct morphological changes in Fb and Mc, 24h post treatment with non-lethal (1μM) and lethal (3μM) doses of HYP-PDT, but the highest HYP-PDT doses had no effect on Kc morphology. Fluorescent microscopy displayed cytoplasmic localization of HYP in all the 3 skin cell types and additionally, HYP was excluded from the nuclei in all the cell types. Intracellular ROS levels measured in Fb at 3μM HYP-PDT, displayed a significant 3.8 fold (p<0.05) increase in ROS, but no significant difference in ROS levels occurred in Mc or Kc. Furthermore, 64% (p<0.005) early apoptotic Fb and 20% (p<0.05) early apoptotic Mc were evident; using fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), 24h post 3μM HYP-PDT. These results depict a differential response to HYP-PDT by different human skin cells thus highlighting the efficacy and indeed, the potential bystander effect of if administered in vivo. This study contributes toward our knowledge of the cellular response of the epidermis to photodynamic therapies and will possibly enhance the efficacy of future photobiological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Popovic
- Redox Laboratory, Dept Human Biology, Rm 6.02.2, Level 6, Anatomy Bldg, University of Cape Town Medical School, Anzio Rd, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - T Wiggins
- Redox Laboratory, Dept Human Biology, Rm 6.02.2, Level 6, Anatomy Bldg, University of Cape Town Medical School, Anzio Rd, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - L M Davids
- Redox Laboratory, Dept Human Biology, Rm 6.02.2, Level 6, Anatomy Bldg, University of Cape Town Medical School, Anzio Rd, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
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Patra JK, Kim SH, Hwang H, Choi JW, Baek KH. Volatile compounds and antioxidant capacity of the bio-oil obtained by pyrolysis of Japanese red pine (pinus densiflora siebold and zucc.). Molecules 2015; 20:3986-4006. [PMID: 25738540 PMCID: PMC6272219 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20033986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, sawdust bio-oil (SBO) manufactured by fast pyrolysis of Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora Siebold and Zucc.) sawdust was analyzed for its volatile chemical compound composition and evaluated for its free radical scavenging potential, inhibition of lipid peroxidation and reducing power. Gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy revealed 29 volatile compounds, comprising 97.6% of the total volatile compounds in SBO. The antioxidant potential of SBO in terms of IC50 values was 48.44 µg/mL for hydroxyl radical scavenging, 89.52 µg/mL for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydraxyl radical scavenging, 94.23 µg/mL for 2,2'-azino-bis[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid] radical scavenging, and 136.06 µg/mL for superoxide radical scavenging activity. The total phenol content in SBO was 5.7% gallic acid equivalent. Based on the composition of its volatile compounds, high free radical scavenging potential and antioxidant properties, SBO could be used as a source of antioxidant compounds, flavoring agents and nutraceuticals in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Kumar Patra
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Korea.
| | - Sung Hong Kim
- Analysis Research Division, Daegu Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daegu 702-701, Korea.
| | - Hyewon Hwang
- Department of Forest Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea.
| | - Joon Weon Choi
- Department of Forest Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea.
- Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do 232-916, Korea.
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Korea.
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Xu X, Lai R. The chemistry and biological activities of peptides from amphibian skin secretions. Chem Rev 2015; 115:1760-846. [PMID: 25594509 DOI: 10.1021/cr4006704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology , Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China
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Peng Y, Xuan M, Leung VYL, Cheng B. Stem cells and aberrant signaling of molecular systems in skin aging. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 19:8-21. [PMID: 25446806 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The skin is the body's largest organ and it is able to self-repair throughout an individual's life. With advanced age, skin is prone to degenerate in response to damage. Although cosmetic surgery has been widely adopted to rejuvinate skin, we are far from a clear understanding of the mechanisms responsible for skin aging. Recently, adult skin-resident stem/progenitor cells, growth arrest, senescence or apoptotic death and dysfunction caused by alterations in key signaling genes, such as Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, PI3K/Akt-kinases, Wnt, p21 and p53, have been shown to play a vital role in skin regeneration. Simultaneously, enhanced telomere attrition, hormone exhaustion, oxidative stress, genetic events and ultraviolet radiation exposure that result in severe DNA damage, genomic instability and epigenetic mutations also contribute to skin aging. Therefore, cell replacement and targeting of the molecular systems found in skin hold great promise for controlling or even curing skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Peng
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L9-12, Lab block, Hong Kong, SAR, China; Department of Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou command, The Key Laboratory of Trauma Treatment & Tissue Repair of Tropical Area, PLA, GuangDong, 510010, PR China
| | - Min Xuan
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510010, PR China; Department of Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou command, The Key Laboratory of Trauma Treatment & Tissue Repair of Tropical Area, PLA, GuangDong, 510010, PR China
| | - Victor Y L Leung
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L9-12, Lab block, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
| | - Biao Cheng
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510010, PR China.
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Greenwald MBY, Anzi S, Ben Sasson S, Bianco-Peled H, Kohen R. Can nitroxides evoke the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway in skin? Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 77:258-69. [PMID: 25236737 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitroxides are stable cyclic radicals of diverse size, charge, and lipophilicity. They are cell-permeative, which effectively protects cells, tissues, isolated organs, and laboratory animals from radical-induced damage. The mechanisms of activity through which nitroxides operate are diverse, including superoxide dismutase-mimetic activity, oxidation of semiquinone radicals, oxidation of reduced metal ions, procatalase-mimetic activity, interruption of radical chain reactions, and indirect modulation of NO levels. Nitroxides possess both a nucleophilic (reducing properties) and an electrophilic (oxidizing properties) nature and, therefore, they may affect different cellular pathways. In the current study, a novel mechanism of action by which nitroxides provide skin protection based on their electrophilic nature is suggested. This study shows that nitroxides may act as electrophiles, directly or indirectly, capable of activating the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway in human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and in human skin (human organ culture model). The high potency of oxoammonium cations versus hydroxylamines in activating the system is demonstrated. The mechanism of action by which nitroxides activate the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway is discussed. Understanding the mechanism of activity may expand the usage of nitroxides as a skin protection strategy against oxidative stress-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Ben Yehuda Greenwald
- The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; Department of Chemical Engineering and Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel; The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel; Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University Medical School, Ein-Karem Campus, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Shira Anzi
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University Medical School, Ein-Karem Campus, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Shmuel Ben Sasson
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University Medical School, Ein-Karem Campus, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Havazelet Bianco-Peled
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel; The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Ron Kohen
- The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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Zhao GD, Sun R, Ni SL, Xia Q. Development and characterisation of a novel chitosan-coated antioxidant liposome containing both coenzyme Q10 and alpha-lipoic acid. J Microencapsul 2014; 32:157-65. [PMID: 25329530 DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2014.973072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the physicochemical properties of chitosan-coated liposomes containing skin-protecting agents, coenzyme Q10 and alpha-lipoic acid (CCAL). CCAL had a spherical shell-core structure and liposomes inverted the surface charge from negative to positive after coating with chitosan. Compared with the uncoated liposome, CCAL had higher zeta potential, larger droplet size and long-term stability. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) study showed that the driving force for chitosan coating the liposomes was enhanced via hydrogen bonding and ionic bond force between the chitosan and the alpha-lipoic acid. While the encapsulation efficiency (EE) of alpha-lipoic acid also increased by interacting with the chitosan shell. In vitro antioxidant activity study showed an excellent hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of CCAL. In vitro release study displayed a sustained drug release, and in vitro penetration studies promoted the accumulation of drugs in rabbit skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Dong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing , PR China
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72
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Cellular protective effects of dehydroeffusol isolated from Juncus effusus L. and the mechanisms underlying these effects. J IND ENG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2013.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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73
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Study of nutraceutical, nutricosmetics and cosmeceutical potentials of polyphenolic bark extracts from Canadian forest species. PHARMANUTRITION 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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74
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A purified feverfew extract protects from oxidative damage by inducing DNA repair in skin cells via a PI3-kinase-dependent Nrf2/ARE pathway. J Dermatol Sci 2013; 72:304-10. [PMID: 24035441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental factors such as solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation and other external aggressors provide an oxidative challenge that is detrimental to skin health. The levels of endogenous antioxidants decrease with age, thus resulting in less protection and a greater potential for skin damage. The NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) - antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway is a primary defense mechanism against oxidative stress, and induces the expression of antioxidant, detoxification and repair genes. Activation of ARE-Nrf2 can help restore oxidative homeostasis of the skin and play a role in inflammatory response and DNA repair mechanisms. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of a purified parthenolide-depleted Feverfew (PD-Feverfew) extract on the ARE-Nrf2 pathway and DNA repair in skin cells. METHODS These studies were undertaken in primary human keratinocytes or KB cells using Luciferase Promoter assay, siRNA transfection studies, Western blot analyses, Immunofluorescence microscopy, comet assay and quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS PD-Feverfew was found to induce Nrf2 nuclear translocation and to increase ARE activity in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, knockdown of Nrf2 resulted in suppression of PD-Feverfew-induced ARE activity. PD-Feverfew was also found to induce phosphorylation of Akt, a kinase downstream of PI3K. Inhibition of PI3K via pre-treatment with the selective pharmacological inhibitor, LY294002, abolished PD-Feverfew-induced Nrf2/ARE activation. PD-Feverfew also reduced UV-induced DNA damage in a PI3K and Nrf2-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, by increasing endogenous defense mechanisms and aid in DNA repair of damaged skin cells via activation of a PI3K-dependent Nrf2/ARE pathway, PD-Feverfew may help protect the skin from numerous environmental aggressors.
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75
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Liu N, Wang LH, Guo LL, Wang GQ, Zhou XP, Jiang Y, Shang J, Murao K, Chen JW, Fu WQ, Zhang GX. Chronic restraint stress inhibits hair growth via substance P mediated by reactive oxygen species in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61574. [PMID: 23637859 PMCID: PMC3637209 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Solid evidence has demonstrated that psychoemotional stress induced alteration of hair cycle through neuropeptide substance P (SP) mediated immune response, the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in brain-skin-axis regulation system remains unknown. Objectives The present study aims to investigate possible mechanisms of ROS in regulation of SP-mast cell signal pathway in chronic restraint stress (CRS, a model of chronic psychoemotional stress) which induced abnormal of hair cycle. Methods and Results Our results have demonstrated that CRS actually altered hair cycle by inhibiting hair follicle growth in vivo, prolonging the telogen stage and delaying subsequent anagen and catagen stage. Up-regulation of SP protein expression in cutaneous peripheral nerve fibers and activation of mast cell were observed accompanied with increase of lipid peroxidation levels and reduction of the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in CRS mice skin. In addition, SP receptor antagonist (RP67580) reduced mast cell activations and lipid peroxidation levels as well as increased GSH-Px activity and normalized hair cycle. Furthermore, antioxidant Tempol (a free radical scavenger) also restored hair cycle, reduced SP protein expression and mast cell activation. Conclusions Our study provides the first solid evidence for how ROS play a role in regulation of psychoemotional stress induced SP-Mast cell pathway which may provide a convincing rationale for antioxidant application in clinical treatment with psychological stress induced hair loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Liu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Hui Wang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Ling Guo
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Qing Wang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Ping Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jing Shang
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Koji Murao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Jing-Wei Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Suzhou Chinese Traditional Medicine Hospital, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Qing Fu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (GXZ); (WQF)
| | - Guo-Xing Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (GXZ); (WQF)
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Brewer AC, Mustafi SB, Murray TVA, Rajasekaran NS, Benjamin IJ. Reductive stress linked to small HSPs, G6PD, and Nrf2 pathways in heart disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:1114-27. [PMID: 22938199 PMCID: PMC3567781 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Aerobic organisms must exist between the dueling biological metabolic processes for energy and respiration and the obligatory generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) whose deleterious consequences can reduce survival. Wide fluctuations in harmful ROS generation are circumvented by endogenous countermeasures (i.e., enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants systems) whose capacity decline with aging and are enhanced by disease states. RECENT ADVANCES Substantial efforts on the cellular and molecular underpinnings of oxidative stress has been complemented recently by the discovery that reductive stress similarly predisposes to inheritable cardiomyopathy, firmly establishing that the biological extremes of the redox spectrum play essential roles in disease pathogenesis. CRITICAL ISSUES Because antioxidants by nutritional or pharmacological supplement to prevent or mitigate disease states have been largely disappointing, we hypothesize that lack of efficacy of antioxidants might be related to adverse outcomes in responders at the reductive end of the redox spectrum. As emerging concepts, such as reductive, as opposed, oxidative stress are further explored, there is an urgent and critical gap for biochemical phenotyping to guide the targeted clinical applications of therapeutic interventions. FUTURE DIRECTIONS New approaches are vitally needed for characterizing redox states with the long-term goal to noninvasively assess distinct clinical states (e.g., presymptomatic, end-stage) with the diagnostic accuracy to guide personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison C Brewer
- Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College, London, UK
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Thankam Finosh G, Jayabalan M. Reactive oxygen species—Control and management using amphiphilic biosynthetic hydrogels for cardiac applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2013.412150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Won DH, Han SB, Hwang JP, Kim SJ, Park J, Park SN. Antioxidative Effect and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity of Lindera obtusiloba Blume Extracts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.15230/scsk.2012.38.4.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ferreres F, Lopes G, Gil-Izquierdo A, Andrade PB, Sousa C, Mouga T, Valentão P. Phlorotannin extracts from fucales characterized by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn: approaches to hyaluronidase inhibitory capacity and antioxidant properties. Mar Drugs 2012; 10:2766-81. [PMID: 23222802 PMCID: PMC3528125 DOI: 10.3390/md10122766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purified phlorotannin extracts from four brown seaweeds (Cystoseira nodicaulis (Withering) M. Roberts, Cystoseira tamariscifolia (Hudson) Papenfuss, Cystoseira usneoides (Linnaeus) M. Roberts and Fucus spiralis Linnaeus), were characterized by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn. Fucophloroethol, fucodiphloroethol, fucotriphloroethol, 7-phloroeckol, phlorofucofuroeckol and bieckol/dieckol were identified. The antioxidant activity and the hyaluronidase (HAase) inhibitory capacity exhibited by the extracts were also assessed. A correlation between the extracts activity and their chemical composition was established. F. spiralis, the species presenting higher molecular weight phlorotannins, generally displayed the strongest lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ = 2.32 mg/mL dry weight) and the strongest HAase inhibitory capacity (IC₅₀ = 0.73 mg/mL dry weight). As for superoxide radical scavenging, C. nodicaulis was the most efficient species (IC₅₀ = 0.93 mg/mL dry weight), followed by F. spiralis (IC₅₀ = 1.30 mg/mL dry weight). These results show that purified phlorotannin extracts have potent capabilities for preventing and slowing down the skin aging process, which is mainly associated with free radical damage and with the reduction of hyaluronic acid concentration, characteristic of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Ferreres
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus University Espinardo, Murcia, Spain; E-Mail:
| | - Graciliana Lopes
- REQUIMTE/Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; E-Mails: (G.L.); (P.B.A.); (C.S.)
| | - Angel Gil-Izquierdo
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus University Espinardo, Murcia, Spain; E-Mail:
| | - Paula B. Andrade
- REQUIMTE/Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; E-Mails: (G.L.); (P.B.A.); (C.S.)
| | - Carla Sousa
- REQUIMTE/Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; E-Mails: (G.L.); (P.B.A.); (C.S.)
| | - Teresa Mouga
- GIRM—Marine Resources Research Group, School of Tourism and Maritime Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Santuário N.ª Sra. Dos Remédios, Apartado 126, 2524-909 Peniche, Portugal; E-Mail:
| | - Patrícia Valentão
- REQUIMTE/Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; E-Mails: (G.L.); (P.B.A.); (C.S.)
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Makrantonaki E, Liakou A, Eckardt R, Zens M, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Zouboulis C. Hauterkrankungen beim geriatrischen Patienten. Hautarzt 2012; 63:938-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00105-012-2466-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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81
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Martínez A, Estévez JC, Silva-Pando FJ. Antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and skin care properties of 35 selected plants from Galicia (NW Spain). FRONTIERS IN LIFE SCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2013.776994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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82
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Fong P, Tong HHY. In Silico Prediction of the Cosmetic Whitening Effects of Naturally Occurring Lead Compounds. Nat Prod Commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1200701010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of tyrosinase inhibitors is important, not only for the treatment of skin hyperpigmentation disorders, such as melasma, but also for the production of cosmetic whitening effects. The aim of this study was the in silico prediction of the naturally occurring lead compounds in three commonly used skin-whitening herbs: Ampelopsis japonica, Lindera aggregata, and Ginkgo biloba. The active ingredients responsible for the whitening effect of these herbs remain largely unknown. The tyrosinase binding affinities and skin permeation, skin irritancy, and corrosive properties of 43 natural constituents of the three herbs were predicted by docking simulations using Surflex-Dock and the QSAR-based Dermal Permeability Coefficient Program (DERMWINTM) and Skin Irritation Corrosion Rules Estimation Tool (SICRET) implemented in Toxtree. Nine constituents of the three herbs were found to have more advanced binding energies than the gold standard whitening agents, arbutin and kojic acid, but 40 were indicative of at least one skin sensitization alert, and many exhibited poor skin permeability. Linderagalactone c and (+)- n-methyllaurotetanine were found to have the strongest prospects for use in topical formulations, as they achieved high predicted tyrosinase binding scores and displayed good skin permeation properties and minimal potential for skin sensitization and irritation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Fong
- School of Health Sciences, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Henry H. Y. Tong
- School of Health Sciences, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macao, 999078, China
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Lim W, Kim J, Lim C, Kim S, Jeon S, Karna S, Cho M, Choi H, Kim O. Effect of 635 nm light-emitting diode irradiation on intracellular superoxide anion scavenging independent of the cellular enzymatic antioxidant system. Photomed Laser Surg 2012; 30:451-9. [PMID: 22775489 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2011.3199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are dissipated by 635 nm irradiation, and the effect of 635 nm irradiation on ROS scavenging system. BACKGROUND DATA Intracellular ROS are produced in the form of superoxide anion by either nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase or xanthine oxidase in response to a number of stimuli. Low-level light irradiation decreases the intracellular ROS level and has been used in clinical situations for reducing the level of oxidative stress. METHODS Human epithelial cells were exposed to exogenous and endogenous oxidizing agents that promote the generation of harmful ROS. These were then irradiated with 635 nm LED light, 5 mW/cm(2) for 1 h, 18 J/cm(2) or by 470 nm LED light, also 5 mW/cm(2) for 1 h, 18 J/cm(2) on a 9 cm cell culture dish. After irradiation, the MTT reduction method and malondialdehyde (MDA) colorimetric assay were performed in xanthine/xanthine oxidase (XXO)- or hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-treated HaCaT cells. The superoxide anion was detected by an electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometer using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) as the spin trap and H(2)O(2) was assayed by flow cytometry using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H(2)DCF-DA). RESULTS Irradiation at 635 nm enhanced cell viability in the XXO-treated HaCaT cells. Also, irradiation had a much lesser effect on cell viability in the HaCaT cells treated with exogenous H(2)O(2) as compared with that in cells treated with N-acetyl-L-cysteine. The level of the superoxide anion increased in response to XXO treatment, and then decreased after 635 nm irradiation. Irradiation with 635 nm led to a decrease in superoxide anion and lipid peroxidation levels in the presence or absence of diethyldithiocarbamate. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the potential role of 635 nm irradiation in protection against oxidative stress by scavenging superoxide anions. Also, a pathway that is independent of the activities of intracellular enzymatic ROS scavengers, such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase might be involved in its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- WonBong Lim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Bug-Gu, Gwangju, Korea
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84
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Abla MJ, Banga AK. Quantification of skin penetration of antioxidants of varying lipophilicity. Int J Cosmet Sci 2012; 35:19-26. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2012.00728.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Abla
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences; Mercer University; Atlanta; GA; 30341; USA
| | - A. K. Banga
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences; Mercer University; Atlanta; GA; 30341; USA
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85
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Abstract
Intrinsic skin aging represents the biological clock of the skin cells per se and reflects the reduction processes that are common in internal organs. The reduced secretion of the pituitary, adrenal glands, and the gonads contributes to characteristic aging-associated body and skin phenotypes as well as behavior patterns. Our knowledge of whether there is a direct or indirect connection between hormonal deficiency and skin aging still remains limited. In females, serum levels of 17β-estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone, progesterone, growth hormone (GH), and its downstream hormone insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) are significantly decreased with increasing age. In males, serum levels of GH and IGF-I decrease significantly, whereas it can decrease in late age in a part of the population. Hormones have been shown to influence skin morphology and functions, skin permeability, wound healing, sebaceous lipogenesis, and the metabolism of skin cells. Prevention of skin aging by estrogen/progesterone replacement therapy is effective if administered early after menopause and influences intrinsically aged skin only. Vitamin D substitution and antioxidant treatment may also be beneficial. Replacement therapy with androgens, GH, IGF-I, progesterone, melatonin, cortisol, and thyroid hormones still remains controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Zouboulis
- Department of Dermatology, Dessau Medical Center, Dessau, Germany.
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86
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Costa A, Lindmark L, Arruda LHF, Assumpção EC, Ota FS, Pereira MDO, Langen SSB. Clinical, biometric and ultrasound assessment of the effects of daily use of a nutraceutical composed of lycopene, acerola extract, grape seed extract and Biomarine Complex in photoaged human skin. An Bras Dermatol 2012; 87:52-61. [DOI: 10.1590/s0365-05962012000100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The use of nutraceuticals has become frequent in the cutaneous approach to photoaging. OBJECTIVES: To assess the clinical efficacy of a nutraceutical product composed of lycopene, acerola extract, grape seed extract and Biomarine ComplexT in photoaged human skin. METHODS: 50 women, from 35 to 60 years of age, phototypes I to III, were assessed. For 120 days, they associated the nutraceutical product with the use of a sunscreen FPS15. On days 0 (D0), 30 (D30), 60 (D60), 90 (D90) and 120 (D120) they were evaluated and underwent Medical Assessments and Self-Assessment and cutaneous biometric analyses (corneometry, sebumetry and pH-metry) in the skin of the left zygomatic region and the upper medial side region of the left arm; on days 0 (D0), 30 (D30) and 120 (D120) the skin of the same regions was analyzed by ultrasound. On days 0 (D0) and 120 (D120) skin biopsies were performed in the areas where instrumental evaluation was performed (to evaluate collagen and elastic fibers). RESULTS: There was an improvement of the general status of the skin of all volunteers by the Medical and Volunteer Self- Assessments; increased parameters of cutaneous hydration, reduction of pH, increasing of ultrasound density and a histological increment of collagen and elastic fibers (both on the face and arm); there was a reduction of seborrhea (only on the face) CONCLUSIONS: The daily use of a nutraceutical product containing lycopene, acerola extract, grape seed extract and Biomarine ComplexT showed an important adjuvant effect to counteract skin photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adilson Costa
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, Brazil
| | - Lars Lindmark
- Kasima Medical Development AB, Sweden; Lipidco Institute of Nutrition and Health, Sweden
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87
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Dai YQ, Qin G, Geng SY, Yang B, Xu Q, Wang JY. Photo-responsive release of ascorbic acid and catalase in CDBA-liposome for commercial application as a sunscreen cosmetic. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra01171a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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88
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Jung KIM Y. Hyperin and Quercetin Modulate Oxidative Stress-Induced Melanogenesis. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 35:2023-7. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b12-00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- You Jung KIM
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Busan Women's College
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Busan Women’s College
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89
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Ratz-Lyko A, Arct J, Pytkowska K. Methods for evaluation of cosmetic antioxidant capacity. Skin Res Technol 2011; 18:421-30. [PMID: 22093040 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2011.00588.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The skin as the largest part of human body is one of the main targets for ultraviolet radiation, environmental pollution, toxic chemicals and some metal ions, which share responsibility for the formation of free radicals. The resulting free radicals, both oxygen and nitrogen species are one of the main causes of aging due to impaired regulation of cell respiratory metabolism involving incomplete oxygen reduction in mitochondria and production a superoxide anion, hydroxyl radicals et al. In modern cosmetology to minimize the adverse effects of free radicals, antioxidants, which inhibit free radical reactions, mainly autoxidation processes are used. Currently, not only many cosmetic products containing antioxidants are available, but a large diversity of methods for determination of cosmetics antioxidant activity is also accessible. These methods can be divided into three main groups: in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo as reported herein. Due to lack of standardization and validation it is necessary to use a variety of methods as well as conditions for those purposes, which are presented to the context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ratz-Lyko
- Academy of Cosmetics and Health Care, Department of Cosmetics Chemistry, Warsaw, Poland
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90
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Elsner P, Fluhr JW, Gehring W, Kerscher MJ, Krutmann J, Lademann J, Makrantonaki E, Wilhelm KP, Zouboulis CC. Anti-Aging Data and Support Claims - Consensus Statement. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2011; 9 Suppl 3:S1-32. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1610-0379.2011.07746.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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91
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Martínez A, Conde E, Moure A, Domínguez H, Estévez RJ. Protective effect against oxygen reactive species and skin fibroblast stimulation of Couroupita guianensis leaf extracts. Nat Prod Res 2011; 26:314-22. [PMID: 21432721 DOI: 10.1080/14786411003752094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, hydroalcoholic leaf extracts of Couroupita guianensis were examined for antioxidant activity, phytochemical and total phenolic composition, stimulation of human skin fibroblast (HSF) proliferation and UV-absorption. The radical scavenging capacity, reducing power and protection against joint oxidation of linoleic acid and β-carotene bleaching oxidation in emulsion were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity. The results of this study strongly indicate in vitro antioxidant activity, which may be due to the presence of a high total phenolic content. In order to identify active principles, the extracts were submitted to fractionation and the compounds isolated were the flavonoids 2',4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone (1), 7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-6,8-dimethylflavanone (2) and the phenolic acid 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (3). In addition, a high level of stimulation of HSF proliferation and significant absorption of UV radiation were also observed. The results suggest that the hydroalcoholic leaf extracts of C. guianensis have promising skin care properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Martínez
- Department of R&D, CarOi'Line Cosmética, S.L., Ponteareas, Spain.
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92
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Portugal-Cohen M, Soroka Y, Frušić-Zlotkin M, Verkhovsky L, Brégégère FM, Neuman R, Kohen R, Milner Y. Skin organ culture as a model to study oxidative stress, inflammation and structural alterations associated with UVB-induced photodamage. Exp Dermatol 2011; 20:749-55. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01317.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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93
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Abstract
This contribution will address the effect of aging on skin functions, with a particular focus on skin permeability, wound healing, angiogenesis, lipogenesis, sweat production, immune function, and vitamin D synthesis. With accelerating age, skin functions deteriorate due to structural and morphologic changes. Skin is prone to the development of several diseases, varying from benign to malignant. Because the number of persons aged 80 and older is expected to rise in the next decades, disease prevention will become an important issue. Screening examinations and prevention through public education starting at an early age regarding sun avoidance, the use of sunscreens and the importance of a balanced nutrition are the first steps for successful healthy aging. Although the fundamental mechanisms in the pathogenesis of aged skin are still poorly understood, a growing body of evidence points toward the involvement of multiple pathways. Recent data obtained by expression profiling studies and studies of progeroid syndromes illustrate that among the most important biologic processes involved in skin aging are alterations in DNA repair and stability, mitochondrial function, cell cycle and apoptosis, extracellular matrix, lipid synthesis, ubiquitin-induced proteolysis and cellular metabolism. Among others, a major factor that has been implicated in the initiation of aging is the physiologic decline of hormones occurring with age. However, hormones at age-specific levels may regulate not only age-associated mechanisms but also tumor suppressor pathways that influence carcinogenesis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of aging may open new strategies to deal with the various diseases accompanying high age, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Auenweg 38, 06847 Dessau, Germany.
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94
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Abstract
The cornified cell envelope (CE) is a specialized structure assembled beneath the plasma membrane of keratinocytes in the outermost layers of the epidermis. It is essential for the physical and permeability properties of the barrier function of the skin. Our skin is continuously exposed to atmospheric oxygen and threatened by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we identify the CE as a first line of antioxidant defense and show that the small proline-rich (SPRR) family of CE precursor proteins have a major role in ROS detoxification. Cysteine residues within these proteins are responsible for ROS quenching, resulting in inter- and intramolecular S-S bond formation, both in isolated proteins and purified CEs. The related keratinocyte proline-rich protein is also oxidized on several cysteine residues within the CE. Differences in antioxidant potential between various SPRR family members are likely determined by structural differences rather than by the amount of cysteine residues per protein. Loricrin, a major component of the CE with a higher cysteine content than SPRRs, is a weak ROS quencher and oxidized on a single cysteine residue within the CE. It is inferred that SPRR proteins provide the outermost layer of our skin with a highly adaptive and protective antioxidant shield.
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95
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Park HY, Rho HS, Kim DH, Kim HK, He QQ, Yeon JH. Modified Rancimat Method for Evaluation of Antioxidative Effect against Skin Lipids. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.6.1751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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96
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Takebayashi J, Ishii R, Chen J, Matsumoto T, Ishimi Y, Tai A. Reassessment of antioxidant activity of arbutin: multifaceted evaluation using five antioxidant assay systems. Free Radic Res 2010; 44:473-8. [PMID: 20166881 DOI: 10.3109/10715761003610760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Arbutin, a practically used skin-lightening agent, has been reported to possess a weak antioxidant activity compared to that of its precursor, hydroquinone. However, its antioxidant activity has not been systematically evaluated. Hence, this study reassessed its activity using five assay systems. Assays were first performed using model radicals, DPPH radical and ABTS(*+). Arbutin showed weak DPPH radical-scavenging activity compared to that of hydroquinone, but showed strong ABTS(*+)-scavenging activity. Its activity by ORAC assay was then evaluated using a physiologically relevant peroxyl radical. Arbutin exerted weak but long-lasting radical-scavenging activity and showed totally the same antioxidant activity as that of hydroquinone. Finally, it was shown that, in two cell-based antioxidant assays using erythrocytes and skin fibroblasts, arbutin exerted strong antioxidant activity comparable or even superior to that of hydroquinone. These findings indicate that the antioxidant activity of arbutin may have been under-estimated and suggest that it acts as a potent antioxidant in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Takebayashi
- Food Function and Labeling Program, Incorporated Administrative Agency National Institute of Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
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97
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Shapira N. Nutritional approach to sun protection: a suggested complement to external strategies. Nutr Rev 2010; 68:75-86. [PMID: 20137053 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00264.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of skin cancer despite the use of externally applied sun protection strategies, alongside research showing that nutrients reduce photo-oxidative damage, suggest nutritional approaches could play a beneficial role in skin cancer prevention. Penetrating photo-oxidative ultraviolet A radiation reduces skin and blood antioxidants and damages cell components, including DNA. Dietary antioxidant vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals in addition to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, n-9 monounsaturated fatty acids, and low pro-inflammatory n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, have demonstrated protective properties. The presence of these elements in the traditional Greek-style Mediterranean diet may have contributed to the low rates of melanoma in the Mediterranean region despite high levels of solar radiation. This suggests a potentially relevant model for studying dietary/nutritional supplementation for lifelong internal support of sun-protection mechanisms, which could complement external strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niva Shapira
- Stanley Steyer School of Health Professions, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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98
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Lu Z, Zhai L, Wang H, Che Q, Wang D, Feng F, Zhao Z, Yu H. Novel families of antimicrobial peptides with multiple functions from skin of Xizang plateau frog, Nanorana parkeri. Biochimie 2010; 92:475-81. [PMID: 20153801 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2010.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Xizang plateau frog (Nanorana parkeri) captured in Lhasa, Tibet, China, solely lives in the subtropical plateau, where there is strong ultraviolet radiation and long duration of sunshine. Considering its harsh living environment, the frog's innate defense against microbes and environmental stress was investigated. In current study, three antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) were purified and characterized from the skin secretion of N. parkeri. The coding cDNA sequences were also cloned from the skin cDNA library of N. parkeri. By structural characterization, two peptides were identified belonging to Japonicin-1 family, and named as Japonicin-1Npa (FLLFPLMCKIQGKC) and Japonicin-1Npb (FVLPLVMCKILRKC). The third peptide isolated named Parkerin with a unique sequence of GWANTLKNVAGGLCKITGAA did not show similarity to any known amphibian AMPs. Multi-functions of three AMPs were examined (antioxidant, MCD, hemolytic etc). Their solution structures determined by CD and antimicrobial mechanisms investigated by SEM are very well consistent with their functional characters. Current result suggests that these novel multi-functional AMPs could play an important role in defending N. parkeri against environmental oxidative stress and pathogenic microorganisms, which may partially reveal the ecological adaptation of these plateau-living amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekuan Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
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99
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Silva AR, Menezes PFC, Martinello T, Novakovich GFL, Praes CEO, Feferman IHS. Antioxidant kinetics of plant-derived substances and extracts. Int J Cosmet Sci 2010; 32:73-80. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2008.00483.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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100
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Kaptanoglu AF, Solaroglu A, Okutan E, Kilinc K. Effect of intrauterine ischaemia-reperfusion injury on rat skin. Clin Exp Dermatol 2009; 35:186-9. [PMID: 19663857 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2009.03441.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It was previously demonstrated that decreased maternal blood flow might create impairment in skin development. The aim of this study was to show by means of lipid peroxidation the effect of intrauterine ischaemia-reperfusion injury on fetal rat skin. METHODS In total, 24 female Spraque-Dawley rats, 19 days pregnant, were used. They were separated into three groups (n = 8): a control group, a sham-operated group and an experimental group. Laparotomy was performed on all three groups. In the sham-operated and experimental groups, utero-ovarian artery dissection was performed in addition. In the experimental group, fetal ischaemia was induced by clamping the utero-ovarian artery bilaterally for 30 min, and reperfusion was achieved by removing the clamps for 60 min. At the end of the experiment, the fetuses were removed by caesarean section and skin specimens were taken from the fetuses. Lipid peroxidation in the skin tissues was determined as thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) concentration for each fetal rat. One-way ANOVA and post hoc tests were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS The level of TBARS was significantly increased in the fetal rat skin after ischaemia-reperfusion injury compared with the control group. CONCLUSION Lipid peroxidation has an important role in intrauterine ischaemia-reperfusion-induced fetal skin damage in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Kaptanoglu
- Department of Dermatology, Bayindir Hospital Ankara, Ankara, Turkey.
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