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Cruz-Mendoza F, Luquin S, García-Estrada J, Fernández-Quezada D, Jauregui-Huerta F. Acoustic Stress Induces Opposite Proliferative/Transformative Effects in Hippocampal Glia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065520. [PMID: 36982594 PMCID: PMC10058072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is a brain region crucially involved in regulating stress responses and highly sensitive to environmental changes, with elevated proliferative and adaptive activity of neurons and glial cells. Despite the prevalence of environmental noise as a stressor, its effects on hippocampal cytoarchitecture remain largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of acoustic stress on hippocampal proliferation and glial cytoarchitecture in adult male rats, using environmental noise as a stress model. After 21 days of noise exposure, our results showed abnormal cellular proliferation in the hippocampus, with an inverse effect on the proliferation ratios of astrocytes and microglia. Both cell lineages also displayed atrophic morphologies with fewer processes and lower densities in the noise-stressed animals. Our findings suggest that, stress not only affects neurogenesis and neuronal death in the hippocampus, but also the proliferation ratio, cell density, and morphology of glial cells, potentially triggering an inflammatory-like response that compromises their homeostatic and repair functions.
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52
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Possemato E, La Barbera L, Nobili A, Krashia P, D'Amelio M. The role of dopamine in NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition: Implications for neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101907. [PMID: 36893920 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
In the Central Nervous System (CNS), neuroinflammation orchestrated by microglia and astrocytes is an innate immune response to counteract stressful and dangerous insults. One of the most important and best characterized players in the neuroinflammatory response is the NLRP3 inflammasome, a multiproteic complex composed by NOD-like receptor family Pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) and pro-caspase-1. Different stimuli mediate NLRP3 activation, resulting in the NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and the pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β and IL-18) maturation and secretion. The persistent and uncontrolled NLRP3 inflammasome activation has a leading role during the pathophysiology of neuroinflammation in age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's (PD) and Alzheimer's (AD). The neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) is one of the players that negatively modulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation through DA receptors expressed in both microglia and astrocytes. This review summarizes recent findings linking the role of DA in the modulation of NLRP3-mediated neuroinflammation in PD and AD, where early deficits of the dopaminergic system are well characterized. Highlighting the relationship between DA, its glial receptors and the NLRP3-mediated neuroinflammation can provide insights to novel diagnostic strategies in early disease phases and new pharmacological tools to delay the progression of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Possemato
- Department of Sciences and Technologies for Humans and Environment, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Livia La Barbera
- Department of Sciences and Technologies for Humans and Environment, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Nobili
- Department of Sciences and Technologies for Humans and Environment, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Paraskevi Krashia
- Department of Sciences and Technologies for Humans and Environment, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello D'Amelio
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143 Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy.
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53
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Hu X, Li S, Shi Z, Lin WJ, Yang Y, Li Y, Li H, Xu Y, Zhou M, Tang Y. Partial Ablation of Astrocytes Exacerbates Cerebral Infiltration of Monocytes and Neuronal Loss After Brain Stab Injury in Mice. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:893-905. [PMID: 35437650 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01224-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In traumatic brain injury (TBI), mechanical injury results in instantaneous tissue damages accompanied by subsequent pro-inflammatory cascades composed of microgliosis and astrogliosis. However, the interactive roles between microglia and astrocytes during the pathogenesis of TBI remain unclear and sometimes debatable. In this study, we used a forebrain stab injury mouse model to investigate the pathological role of reactive astrocytes in cellular and molecular changes of inflammatory response following TBI. In the ipsilateral hemisphere of stab-injured brain, monocyte infiltration and neuronal loss, as well as increased elevated astrogliosis, microglia activation and inflammatory cytokines were observed. To verify the role of reactive astrocytes in TBI, local and partial ablation of astrocytes was achieved by stereotactic injection of diphtheria toxin in the forebrain of Aldh1l1-CreERT2::Ai9::iDTR transgenic mice which expressed diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR) in astrocytes after tamoxifen induction. This strategy achieved about 20% of astrocytes reduction at the stab site as validated by immunofluorescence co-staining of GFAP with tdTomato-positive astrocytes. Interestingly, reduction of astrocytes showed increased microglia activation and monocyte infiltration, accompanied with increased severity in stab injury-induced neuronal loss when compared with DTR-/- mice, together with elevation of inflammatory chemokines such as CCL2, CCL5 and CXCL10 in astrogliosis-reduced mice. Collectively, our data verified the interactive role of astrocytes as an immune modulator in suppressing inflammatory responses in the injured brain. Schematic diagram shows monocyte infiltration and neuronal loss, as well as increased elevated astrogliosis, microglia activation and chemokines were observed in the injured site after stab injury. Local and partial ablation of astrocytes led to increased microglia activation and monocyte infiltration, accompanied with increased severity in neuronal loss together with elevation of inflammatory chemokines as compared with control mice subjected stab injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Hu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shaojian Li
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhongshan Shi
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Wei-Jye Lin
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yuhua Yang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Honghong Li
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yongteng Xu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Meijuan Zhou
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Yamei Tang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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54
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Shi RX, Liu C, Xu YJ, Wang YY, He BD, He XC, Du HZ, Hu B, Jiao J, Liu CM, Teng ZQ. The Role and Mechanism of Transglutaminase 2 in Regulating Hippocampal Neurogenesis after Traumatic Brain Injury. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040558. [PMID: 36831225 PMCID: PMC9954100 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury usually results in neuronal loss and cognitive deficits. Promoting endogenous neurogenesis has been considered as a viable treatment option to improve functional recovery after TBI. However, neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) in neurogenic regions are often unable to migrate and differentiate into mature neurons at the injury site. Transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) has been identified as a crucial component of neurogenic niche, and significantly dysregulated after TBI. Therefore, we speculate that TGM2 may play an important role in neurogenesis after TBI, and strategies targeting TGM2 to promote endogenous neural regeneration may be applied in TBI therapy. Using a tamoxifen-induced Tgm2 conditional knockout mouse line and a mouse model of stab wound injury, we investigated the role and mechanism of TGM2 in regulating hippocampal neurogenesis after TBI. We found that Tgm2 was highly expressed in adult NSPCs and up-regulated after TBI. Conditional deletion of Tgm2 resulted in the impaired proliferation and differentiation of NSPCs, while Tgm2 overexpression enhanced the abilities of self-renewal, proliferation, differentiation, and migration of NSPCs after TBI. Importantly, injection of lentivirus overexpressing TGM2 significantly promoted hippocampal neurogenesis after TBI. Therefore, TGM2 is a key regulator of hippocampal neurogenesis and a pivotal therapeutic target for intervention following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Xi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100408, China
| | - Cong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ya-Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ying-Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100408, China
| | - Bao-Dong He
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100408, China
| | - Xuan-Cheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hong-Zhen Du
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Baoyang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100408, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianwei Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100408, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chang-Mei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100408, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Correspondence: (C.-M.L.); (Z.-Q.T.)
| | - Zhao-Qian Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100408, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Correspondence: (C.-M.L.); (Z.-Q.T.)
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55
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Liu X, Bae C, Liu B, Zhang YM, Zhou X, Zhang D, Zhou C, DiBua A, Schutz L, Kaczocha M, Puopolo M, Yamaguchi TP, Chung JM, Tang SJ. Development of opioid-induced hyperalgesia depends on reactive astrocytes controlled by Wnt5a signaling. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:767-779. [PMID: 36203006 PMCID: PMC10388343 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01815-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Opioids are the frontline analgesics for managing various types of pain. Paradoxically, repeated use of opioid analgesics may cause an exacerbated pain state known as opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH), which significantly contributes to dose escalation and consequently opioid overdose. Neuronal malplasticity in pain circuits has been the predominant proposed mechanism of OIH expression. Although glial cells are known to become reactive in OIH animal models, their biological contribution to OIH remains to be defined and their activation mechanism remains to be elucidated. Here, we show that reactive astrocytes (a.k.a. astrogliosis) are critical for OIH development in both male and female mice. Genetic reduction of astrogliosis inhibited the expression of OIH and morphine-induced neural circuit polarization (NCP) in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH). We found that Wnt5a is a neuron-to-astrocyte signal that is required for morphine-induced astrogliosis. Conditional knock-out of Wnt5a in neurons or its co-receptor ROR2 in astrocytes blocked not only morphine-induced astrogliosis but also OIH and NCP. Furthermore, we showed that the Wnt5a-ROR2 signaling-dependent astrogliosis contributes to OIH via inflammasome-regulated IL-1β. Our results reveal an important role of morphine-induced astrogliosis in OIH pathogenesis and elucidate a neuron-to-astrocyte intercellular Wnt signaling pathway that controls the astrogliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Stony Brook University Pain and Anesthesia Research Center (SPARC), Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794, NY, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794, NY, USA
| | - Chilman Bae
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 77555, TX, USA.,School of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, 62901, IL, USA
| | - Bolong Liu
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 77555, TX, USA.,Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 W Tianhe Rd, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yong-Mei Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 77555, TX, USA.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiangfu Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 W Tianhe Rd, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Donghang Zhang
- Laboratory of Anesthesia & Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Laboratory of Anesthesia & Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Adriana DiBua
- Stony Brook University Pain and Anesthesia Research Center (SPARC), Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794, NY, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794, NY, USA
| | - Livia Schutz
- Stony Brook University Pain and Anesthesia Research Center (SPARC), Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794, NY, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794, NY, USA
| | - Martin Kaczocha
- Stony Brook University Pain and Anesthesia Research Center (SPARC), Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794, NY, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794, NY, USA
| | - Michelino Puopolo
- Stony Brook University Pain and Anesthesia Research Center (SPARC), Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794, NY, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794, NY, USA
| | - Terry P Yamaguchi
- Center for Cancer Research, Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Cell Signaling in Vertebrate Development Section, NCI-Frederick, NIH, Frederick, 21702, MD, USA
| | - Jin Mo Chung
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 77555, TX, USA
| | - Shao-Jun Tang
- Stony Brook University Pain and Anesthesia Research Center (SPARC), Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794, NY, USA. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, 11794, NY, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 77555, TX, USA.
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56
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Tang H, Gu Y, Jiang L, Zheng G, Pan Z, Jiang X. The role of immune cells and associated immunological factors in the immune response to spinal cord injury. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1070540. [PMID: 36685599 PMCID: PMC9849245 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1070540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological condition prevalent worldwide. Where the pathological mechanisms underlying SCI are concerned, we can distinguish between primary injury caused by initial mechanical damage and secondary injury characterized by a series of biological responses, such as vascular dysfunction, oxidative stress, neurotransmitter toxicity, lipid peroxidation, and immune-inflammatory response. Secondary injury causes further tissue loss and dysfunction, and the immune response appears to be the key molecular mechanism affecting injured tissue regeneration and functional recovery from SCI. Immune response after SCI involves the activation of different immune cells and the production of immunity-associated chemicals. With the development of new biological technologies, such as transcriptomics, the heterogeneity of immune cells and chemicals can be classified with greater precision. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of the heterogeneity of these immune components and the roles they play in SCI, including reactive astrogliosis and glial scar formation, neutrophil migration, macrophage transformation, resident microglia activation and proliferation, and the humoral immunity mediated by T and B cells. We also summarize findings from clinical trials of immunomodulatory therapies for SCI and briefly review promising therapeutic drugs currently being researched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaguo Tang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yuanjie Gu
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Gang Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Central Hospital Affiliated to Shaoxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Zhuoer Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiugui Jiang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China,*Correspondence: Xiugui Jiang,
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57
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Zheng B, Tuszynski MH. Regulation of axonal regeneration after mammalian spinal cord injury. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:396-413. [PMID: 36604586 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00562-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
One hundred years ago, Ramón y Cajal, considered by many as the founder of modern neuroscience, stated that neurons of the adult central nervous system (CNS) are incapable of regenerating. Yet, recent years have seen a tremendous expansion of knowledge in the molecular control of axon regeneration after CNS injury. We now understand that regeneration in the adult CNS is limited by (1) a failure to form cellular or molecular substrates for axon attachment and elongation through the lesion site; (2) environmental factors, including inhibitors of axon growth associated with myelin and the extracellular matrix; (3) astrocyte responses, which can both limit and support axon growth; and (4) intraneuronal mechanisms controlling the establishment of an active cellular growth programme. We discuss these topics together with newly emerging hypotheses, including the surprising finding from transcriptomic analyses of the corticospinal system in mice that neurons revert to an embryonic state after spinal cord injury, which can be sustained to promote regeneration with neural stem cell transplantation. These gains in knowledge are steadily advancing efforts to develop effective treatment strategies for spinal cord injury in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binhai Zheng
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,VA San Diego Research Service, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Mark H Tuszynski
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,VA San Diego Research Service, San Diego, CA, USA.
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58
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Liang Z, Lou Y, Hao Y, Li H, Feng J, Liu S. The Relationship of Astrocytes and Microglia with Different Stages of Ischemic Stroke. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:2465-2480. [PMID: 37464832 PMCID: PMC10616922 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230718104634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the predominant cause of severe morbidity and mortality worldwide. Post-stroke neuroinflammation has recently received increasing attention with the aim of providing a new effective treatment strategy for ischemic stroke. Microglia and astrocytes are major components of the innate immune system of the central nervous system. They can be involved in all phases of ischemic stroke, from the early stage, contributing to the first wave of neuronal cell death, to the late stage involving phagocytosis and repair. In the early stage of ischemic stroke, a vicious cycle exists between the activation of microglia and astrocytes (through astrocytic connexin 43 hemichannels), aggravating neuroinflammatory injury post-stroke. However, in the late stage of ischemic stroke, repeatedly activated microglia can induce the formation of glial scars by triggering reactive astrogliosis in the peri-infarct regions, which may limit the movement of activated microglia in reverse and restrict the diffusion of inflammation to healthy brain tissues, alleviating the neuroinflammatory injury poststroke. In this review, we elucidated the various roles of astrocytes and microglia and summarized their relationship with neuroinflammation. We also examined how astrocytes and microglia influence each other at different stages of ischemic stroke. Several potential therapeutic approaches targeting astrocytes and microglia in ischemic stroke have been reviewed. Understanding the details of astrocytemicroglia interaction processes will contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying ischemic stroke, contributing to the identification of new therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingyue Lou
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yulei Hao
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiachun Feng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Songyan Liu
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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59
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Connolly K, Lehoux M, O’Rourke R, Assetta B, Erdemir GA, Elias JA, Lee CG, Huang YWA. Potential role of chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1/YKL-40) in neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:9-24. [PMID: 35234337 PMCID: PMC9437141 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1/YKL-40) has long been known as a biomarker for early detection of neuroinflammation and disease diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the brain, CHI3L1 is primarily provided by astrocytes and heralds the reactive, neurotoxic state triggered by inflammation and other stress signals. However, how CHI3L1 acts in neuroinflammation or how it contributes to AD and relevant neurodegenerative conditions remains unknown. In peripheral tissues, our group and others have uncovered that CHI3L1 is a master regulator for a wide range of injury and repair events, including the innate immunity pathway that resembles the neuroinflammation process governed by microglia and astrocytes. Based on assessment of current knowledge regarding CHI3L1 biology, we hypothesize that CHI3L1 functions as a signaling molecule mediating distinct neuroinflammatory responses in brain cells and misfunctions to precipitate neurodegeneration. We also recommend future research directions to validate such assertions for better understanding of disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Connolly
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University,Graduate Program in Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University
| | - Mikael Lehoux
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University
| | - Ryan O’Rourke
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University,Graduate Program in Pathobiology, Brown University
| | - Benedetta Assetta
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University
| | - Guzide Ayse Erdemir
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University
| | - Jack A Elias
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University
| | - Chun Geun Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University
| | - Yu-Wen Alvin Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University,Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University,Center for Translational Neuroscience, Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational Science, Brown University
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Xiao L, Wang M, Shi Y, Xu Y, Gao Y, Zhang W, Wu Y, Deng H, Pan W, Wang W, Sun H. Secondary White Matter Injury Mediated by Neuroinflammation after Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Promising Therapeutic Strategies of Targeting the NLRP3 Inflammasome. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:669-686. [PMID: 36043798 PMCID: PMC10207923 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220830115018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a neurological disease with high mortality and disability. Recent studies showed that white matter injury (WMI) plays an important role in motor dysfunction after ICH. WMI includes WMI proximal to the lesion and WMI distal to the lesion, such as corticospinal tract injury located at the cervical enlargement of the spinal cord after ICH. Previous studies have tended to focus only on gray matter (GM) injury after ICH, and fewer studies have paid attention to WMI, which may be one of the reasons for the poor outcome of previous drug treatments. Microglia and astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation are significant mechanisms responsible for secondary WMI following ICH. The NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation, has been shown to exacerbate neuroinflammation and brain injury after ICH. Moreover, NLRP3 inflammasome is activated in microglia and astrocytes and exerts a vital role in microglia and astrocytes-mediated neuroinflammation. We speculate that NLRP3 inflammasome activation is closely related to the polarization of microglia and astrocytes and that NLRP3 inflammasome activation may exacerbate WMI by polarizing microglia and astrocytes to the pro-inflammatory phenotype after ICH, while NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition may attenuate WMI by polarizing microglia and astrocytes to the anti-inflammatory phenotype following ICH. Therefore, NLRP3 inflammasome may act as leveraged regulatory fulcrums for microglia and astrocytes polarization to modulate WMI and WM repair after ICH. This review summarized the possible mechanisms by which neuroinflammation mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome exacerbates secondary WMI after ICH and discussed the potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglong Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yifeng Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yangyang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hao Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
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Wang T, Yao Y, Han C, Li T, Du W, Xue J, Han Y, Cai Y. MCP-1 levels in astrocyte-derived exosomes are changed in preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1119298. [PMID: 37021284 PMCID: PMC10067608 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1119298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in older adults. There is accumulating evidence that inflammatory processes play a critical role in AD pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated whether inflammatory factors in plasma and astrocyte-derived exosomes (ADEs) from plasma are differentially expressed in the early stages of AD and their potential role in pathological processes in the AD continuum. Method We included 39 normal controls (NCs), 43 participants with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), and 43 participants with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI)/AD. IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 in plasma and ADEs from plasma were evaluated using a commercial multiplex Luminex-based kit. Results Pairwise comparisons between the groups showed no significant differences in plasma levels of IL-6, IL-8, or MCP-1. However, ADEs in the SCD group showed an increase in MCP-1 levels compared to the NC group. To differentiate the preclinical group, discriminant analysis was performed using sex, age, years of education, and genotype. This revealed a difference between the SCD and NC groups (area under the curve: 0.664). A Spearman correlation analysis of MCP-1 in plasma and ADEs showed no or weak correlation in the SCD (R = 0.150, p = 0.350) and aMCI/AD (R = 0.310, p = 0.041) groups, while a positive correlation in the NC group (R = 0.360, p = 0.026). Conclusion Plasma IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 levels were not significantly different. However, the concentration of MCP-1 in ADEs is slightly altered during the preclinical phase of AD, which could be a potential role of the central neuron system (CNS) immune response in the AD continuum. Clinical trial registration www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT03370744.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Biobank, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunxia Yao
- Department of Biobank, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Han
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Taoran Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenying Du
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhua Xue
- Department of Biobank, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Han
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Ying Han
| | - Yanning Cai
- Department of Biobank, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yanning Cai
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62
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Sweetat S, Casden N, Behar O. Improved neuron protection following cortical injury in the absence of Semaphorin4B. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1076281. [DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1076281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Injury to the central nervous system induces neuronal cell death and astrogliosis, an astrocyte-mediated response that has both a beneficial and detrimental impact on surrounding neuronal cells. The circumstance however, in which astrogliosis improves neuronal survival after an injury is not fully characterized. We have recently shown that Semaphorin4B (Sema4B) in the cortex is mostly expressed by astrocytes, and in its absence, astrocyte activation after an injury is altered. Here we find that in Sema4B knockout mice, neuronal cell death is reduced; as a result, more neurons survive near the injury site. Sema4B protein applied directly to neurons does not affect neuronal survival. In contrast, survival of wild-type neurons is increased when plated on glial culture isolated from the Sema4B knockout mice, as compared to Sema4B heterozygous cultures. Furthermore, this increased survival is also observed with conditioned medium collected from glial cultures of Sema4B knockout mice compared to heterozygous mice. This indicates that the increased survival is glial cell-dependent and mediated by a secreted factor(s). Together, our results imply that following injury, the lack of Sema4B expression in glial cells improves neuronal survival either as a result of reduced toxic factors, or perhaps increased survival factors under these conditions.
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Liu X, Bae C, Gelman BB, Chung JM, Tang SJ. A neuron-to-astrocyte Wnt5a signal governs astrogliosis during HIV-associated pain pathogenesis. Brain 2022; 145:4108-4123. [PMID: 35040478 PMCID: PMC10200293 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is the most common neurological disorder of HIV patients. Multiple neuropathologies were identified in the pain pathway. Among them is the prominent astrocytic reaction (also know an astrogliosis). However, the pathogenic role and mechanism of the astrogliosis are unclear. Here, we show that the astrogliosis is crucial for the pain development induced by a key neurotoxic HIV protein gp120 and that a neuron-to-astrocyte Wnt5a signal controls the astrogliosis. Ablation of astrogliosis blocked the development of gp120-induced mechanical hyperalgesia, and concomitantly the expression of neural circuit polarization in the spinal dorsal horn. We demonstrated that conditional knockout of either Wnt5a in neurons or its receptor ROR2 in astrocytes abolished not only gp120-induced astrogliosis but also hyperalgesia and neural circuit polarization. Furthermore, we found that the astrogliosis promoted expression of hyperalgesia and NCP via IL-1β regulated by a Wnt5a-ROR2-MMP2 axis. Our results shed light on the role and mechanism of astrogliosis in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Stony Brook University Pain and Analgesia Research Center (SPARC) and Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Chilman Bae
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- School of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Benjamin B Gelman
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Jin Mo Chung
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Shao-Jun Tang
- Stony Brook University Pain and Analgesia Research Center (SPARC) and Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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64
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Tang Y, Chen Y, Chen D. The heterogeneity of astrocytes in glaucoma. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:995369. [PMID: 36466782 PMCID: PMC9714578 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.995369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness with progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells. Aging and increased intraocular pressure (IOP) are major risk factors. Lowering IOP does not always stop the disease progression. Alternative ways of protecting the optic nerve are intensively studied in glaucoma. Astrocytes are macroglia residing in the retina, optic nerve head (ONH), and visual brain, which keep neuronal homeostasis, regulate neuronal activities and are part of the immune responses to the retina and brain insults. In this brief review, we discuss the activation and heterogeneity of astrocytes in the retina, optic nerve head, and visual brain of glaucoma patients and animal models. We also discuss some recent transgenic and gene knockout studies using glaucoma mouse models to clarify the role of astrocytes in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Astrocytes are heterogeneous and play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of glaucoma, especially in the process of neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction. In astrocytes, overexpression of Stat3 or knockdown of IκKβ/p65, caspase-8, and mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (Ucp2) can reduce ganglion cell loss in glaucoma mouse models. Based on these studies, therapeutic strategies targeting the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes by enhancing their beneficial reactivity or suppressing their detrimental reactivity are alternative options for glaucoma treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjing Tang
- Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongjiang Chen
- The School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Danian Chen
- Research Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Ignatenko O, Malinen S, Rybas S, Vihinen H, Nikkanen J, Kononov A, Jokitalo ES, Ince-Dunn G, Suomalainen A. Mitochondrial dysfunction compromises ciliary homeostasis in astrocytes. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2022; 222:213692. [PMID: 36383135 PMCID: PMC9674092 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202203019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes, often considered as secondary responders to neurodegeneration, are emerging as primary drivers of brain disease. Here we show that mitochondrial DNA depletion in astrocytes affects their primary cilium, the signaling organelle of a cell. The progressive oxidative phosphorylation deficiency in astrocytes induces FOXJ1 and RFX transcription factors, known as master regulators of motile ciliogenesis. Consequently, a robust gene expression program involving motile cilia components and multiciliated cell differentiation factors are induced. While the affected astrocytes still retain a single cilium, these organelles elongate and become remarkably distorted. The data suggest that chronic activation of the mitochondrial integrated stress response (ISRmt) in astrocytes drives anabolic metabolism and promotes ciliary elongation. Collectively, our evidence indicates that an active signaling axis involving mitochondria and primary cilia exists and that ciliary signaling is part of ISRmt in astrocytes. We propose that metabolic ciliopathy is a novel pathomechanism for mitochondria-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesia Ignatenko
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Malinen
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sofiia Rybas
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helena Vihinen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joni Nikkanen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Eija S. Jokitalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gulayse Ince-Dunn
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Suomalainen
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,HUS Diagnostics, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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66
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Lee D, Lee VMY, Hur SK. Manipulation of the diet-microbiota-brain axis in Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1042865. [PMID: 36408394 PMCID: PMC9672822 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1042865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies investigating the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease have identified various interdependent constituents contributing to the exacerbation of the disease, including Aβ plaque formation, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, neurofibrillary tangle accumulation, glial inflammation, and the eventual loss of proper neural plasticity. Recently, using various models and human patients, another key factor has been established as an influential determinant in brain homeostasis: the gut-brain axis. The implications of a rapidly aging population and the absence of a definitive cure for Alzheimer's disease have prompted a search for non-pharmaceutical tools, of which gut-modulatory therapies targeting the gut-brain axis have shown promise. Yet multiple recent studies examining changes in human gut flora in response to various probiotics and environmental factors are limited and difficult to generalize; whether the state of the gut microbiota in Alzheimer's disease is a cause of the disease, a result of the disease, or both through numerous feedback loops in the gut-brain axis, remains unclear. However, preliminary findings of longitudinal studies conducted over the past decades have highlighted dietary interventions, especially Mediterranean diets, as preventative measures for Alzheimer's disease by reversing neuroinflammation, modifying the intestinal and blood-brain barrier (BBB), and addressing gut dysbiosis. Conversely, the consumption of Western diets intensifies the progression of Alzheimer's disease through genetic alterations, impaired barrier function, and chronic inflammation. This review aims to support the growing body of experimental and clinical data highlighting specific probiotic strains and particular dietary components in preventing Alzheimer's disease via the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lee
- Middleton High School, Middleton, WI, United States
| | - Virginia M-Y. Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Seong Kwon Hur
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
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67
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Kim H, Leng K, Park J, Sorets AG, Kim S, Shostak A, Embalabala RJ, Mlouk K, Katdare KA, Rose IVL, Sturgeon SM, Neal EH, Ao Y, Wang S, Sofroniew MV, Brunger JM, McMahon DG, Schrag MS, Kampmann M, Lippmann ES. Reactive astrocytes transduce inflammation in a blood-brain barrier model through a TNF-STAT3 signaling axis and secretion of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6581. [PMID: 36323693 PMCID: PMC9630454 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34412-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are critical components of the neurovascular unit that support blood-brain barrier (BBB) function. Pathological transformation of astrocytes to reactive states can be protective or harmful to BBB function. Here, using a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived BBB co-culture model, we show that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) transitions astrocytes to an inflammatory reactive state that causes BBB dysfunction through activation of STAT3 and increased expression of SERPINA3, which encodes alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (α1ACT). To contextualize these findings, we correlated astrocytic STAT3 activation to vascular inflammation in postmortem human tissue. Further, in murine brain organotypic cultures, astrocyte-specific silencing of Serpina3n reduced vascular inflammation after TNF challenge. Last, treatment with recombinant Serpina3n in both ex vivo explant cultures and in vivo was sufficient to induce BBB dysfunction-related molecular changes. Overall, our results define the TNF-STAT3-α1ACT signaling axis as a driver of an inflammatory reactive astrocyte signature that contributes to BBB dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyosung Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kun Leng
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jinhee Park
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alexander G Sorets
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Suil Kim
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alena Shostak
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Kate Mlouk
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ketaki A Katdare
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Indigo V L Rose
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sarah M Sturgeon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Emma H Neal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yan Ao
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shinong Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael V Sofroniew
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan M Brunger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Douglas G McMahon
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Matthew S Schrag
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Martin Kampmann
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ethan S Lippmann
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Meng J, Zhang J, Fang J, Li M, Ding H, Zhang W, Chen C. Dynamic inflammatory changes of the neurovascular units after ischemic stroke. Brain Res Bull 2022; 190:140-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Navaei F, Fathabadi FF, Moghaddam MH, Fathi M, Vakili K, Abdollahifar MA, Boroujeni ME, Zamani N, Zamani N, Norouzian M, Aliaghaei A. Chronic exposure to methadone impairs memory, induces microgliosis, astrogliosis and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of adult male rats. J Chem Neuroanat 2022; 125:102139. [PMID: 35872237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Methadone is a centrally-acting synthetic opioid analgesic widely used in methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) programs throughout the world. Given its neurotoxic effects, particularly on the hippocampus, this study aims to address the behavioral and histological alterations in the hippocampus associated with methadone administration. To do so, twenty-four adult male albino rats were randomized into two groups, methadone treatment and control. Methadone was administered subcutaneously (2.5-10 mg/kg) once a day for two consecutive weeks. A comparison was drawn with behavioral and structural changes recorded in the control group. The results showed that methadone administration interrupted spatial learning and memory function. Accordingly, treating rats with methadone not only induced cell death but also prompted the actuation of microgliosis, astrogliosis, and apoptotic biomarkers. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that treating rats with methadone decreased the complexity of astrocyte processes and the complexity of microglia processes. These findings suggest that methadone altered the special distribution of neurons. Also, a substantial increase was observed in the expression of TNF-α due to methadone. According to the findings, methadone administration exerts a neurodegenerative effect on the hippocampus via dysregulation of microgliosis, astrogliosis, apoptosis, and neuro-inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Navaei
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman-Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fadaei Fathabadi
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Meysam Hassani Moghaddam
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mobina Fathi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Kimia Vakili
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohammad-Amin Abdollahifar
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mahdi Eskandarian Boroujeni
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Naghmeh Zamani
- Department of Biology, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Nasim Zamani
- Department of Clinical Toxicology, Loghman-Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohsen Norouzian
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Abbas Aliaghaei
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman-Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran.
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O'Shea TM, Ao Y, Wang S, Wollenberg AL, Kim JH, Ramos Espinoza RA, Czechanski A, Reinholdt LG, Deming TJ, Sofroniew MV. Lesion environments direct transplanted neural progenitors towards a wound repair astroglial phenotype in mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5702. [PMID: 36171203 PMCID: PMC9519954 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33382-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural progenitor cells (NPC) represent potential cell transplantation therapies for CNS injuries. To understand how lesion environments influence transplanted NPC fate in vivo, we derived NPC expressing a ribosomal protein-hemagglutinin tag (RiboTag) for transcriptional profiling of transplanted NPC. Here, we show that NPC grafted into uninjured mouse CNS generate cells that are transcriptionally similar to healthy astrocytes and oligodendrocyte lineages. In striking contrast, NPC transplanted into subacute CNS lesions after stroke or spinal cord injury in mice generate cells that share transcriptional, morphological and functional features with newly proliferated host astroglia that restrict inflammation and fibrosis and isolate lesions from adjacent viable neural tissue. Our findings reveal overlapping differentiation potentials of grafted NPC and proliferating host astrocytes; and show that in the absence of other interventions, non-cell autonomous cues in subacute CNS lesions direct the differentiation of grafted NPC towards a naturally occurring wound repair astroglial phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M O'Shea
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1763, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215-2407, USA.
| | - Y Ao
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1763, USA
| | - S Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1763, USA
| | - A L Wollenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1600, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1600, USA
| | - J H Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1763, USA
| | - R A Ramos Espinoza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215-2407, USA
| | - A Czechanski
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | | | - T J Deming
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1600, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1600, USA
| | - M V Sofroniew
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1763, USA.
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71
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Hemati-Gourabi M, Cao T, Romprey MK, Chen M. Capacity of astrocytes to promote axon growth in the injured mammalian central nervous system. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:955598. [PMID: 36203815 PMCID: PMC9530187 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.955598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the regulation of axon growth after injury to the adult central nervous system (CNS) is crucial to improve neural repair. Following acute focal CNS injury, astrocytes are one cellular component of the scar tissue at the primary lesion that is traditionally associated with inhibition of axon regeneration. Advances in genetic models and experimental approaches have broadened knowledge of the capacity of astrocytes to facilitate injury-induced axon growth. This review summarizes findings that support a positive role of astrocytes in axon regeneration and axon sprouting in the mature mammalian CNS, along with potential underlying mechanisms. It is important to recognize that astrocytic functions, including modulation of axon growth, are context-dependent. Evidence suggests that the local injury environment, neuron-intrinsic regenerative potential, and astrocytes’ reactive states determine the astrocytic capacity to support axon growth. An integrated understanding of these factors will optimize therapeutic potential of astrocyte-targeted strategies for neural repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tuoxin Cao
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Megan K. Romprey
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Meifan Chen
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- *Correspondence: Meifan Chen,
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72
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Cheng T, Xu Z, Ma X. The role of astrocytes in neuropathic pain. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1007889. [PMID: 36204142 PMCID: PMC9530148 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1007889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain, whose symptoms are characterized by spontaneous and irritation-induced painful sensations, is a condition that poses a global burden. Numerous neurotransmitters and other chemicals play a role in the emergence and maintenance of neuropathic pain, which is strongly correlated with common clinical challenges, such as chronic pain and depression. However, the mechanism underlying its occurrence and development has not yet been fully elucidated, thus rendering the use of traditional painkillers, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications and opioids, relatively ineffective in its treatment. Astrocytes, which are abundant and occupy the largest volume in the central nervous system, contribute to physiological and pathological situations. In recent years, an increasing number of researchers have claimed that astrocytes contribute indispensably to the occurrence and progression of neuropathic pain. The activation of reactive astrocytes involves a variety of signal transduction mechanisms and molecules. Signal molecules in cells, including intracellular kinases, channels, receptors, and transcription factors, tend to play a role in regulating post-injury pain once they exhibit pathological changes. In addition, astrocytes regulate neuropathic pain by releasing a series of mediators of different molecular weights, actively participating in the regulation of neurons and synapses, which are associated with the onset and general maintenance of neuropathic pain. This review summarizes the progress made in elucidating the mechanism underlying the involvement of astrocytes in neuropathic pain regulation.
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73
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Spatiotemporal dynamics of the cellular components involved in glial scar formation following spinal cord injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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74
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Feng Y, Peng Y, Jie J, Yang Y, Yang P. The immune microenvironment and tissue engineering strategies for spinal cord regeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:969002. [PMID: 35990891 PMCID: PMC9385973 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.969002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of neural tissue is limited following spinal cord injury (SCI). Successful regeneration of injured nerves requires the intrinsic regenerative capability of the neurons and a suitable microenvironment. However, the local microenvironment is damaged, including insufficient intraneural vascularization, prolonged immune responses, overactive immune responses, dysregulated bioenergetic metabolism and terminated bioelectrical conduction. Among them, the immune microenvironment formed by immune cells and cytokines plays a dual role in inflammation and regeneration. Few studies have focused on the role of the immune microenvironment in spinal cord regeneration. Here, we summarize those findings involving various immune cells (neutrophils, monocytes, microglia and T lymphocytes) after SCI. The pathological changes that occur in the local microenvironment and the function of immune cells are described. We also summarize and discuss the current strategies for treating SCI with tissue-engineered biomaterials from the perspective of the immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jing Jie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People’s Hospital of Nantong, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Jing Jie,
| | - Yumin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Yumin Yang,
| | - Pengxiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Pengxiang Yang,
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75
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Perelroizen R, Philosof B, Budick-Harmelin N, Chernobylsky T, Ron A, Katzir R, Shimon D, Tessler A, Adir O, Gaoni-Yogev A, Meyer T, Krivitsky A, Shidlovsky N, Madi A, Ruppin E, Mayo L. Astrocyte immunometabolic regulation of the tumour microenvironment drives glioblastoma pathogenicity. Brain 2022; 145:3288-3307. [PMID: 35899587 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant brain tumours are the cause of a disproportionate level of morbidity and mortality among cancer patients, an unfortunate statistic that has remained constant for decades. Despite considerable advances in the molecular characterization of these tumours, targeting the cancer cells has yet to produce significant advances in treatment. An alternative strategy is to target cells in the glioblastoma microenvironment, such as tumour-associated astrocytes. Astrocytes control multiple processes in health and disease, ranging from maintaining the brain's metabolic homeostasis, to modulating neuroinflammation. However, their role in glioblastoma pathogenicity is not well understood. Here we report that depletion of reactive astrocytes regresses glioblastoma and prolongs mouse survival. Analysis of the tumour-associated astrocyte translatome revealed astrocytes initiate transcriptional programmes that shape the immune and metabolic compartments in the glioma microenvironment. Specifically, their expression of CCL2 and CSF1 governs the recruitment of tumour-associated macrophages and promotes a pro-tumourigenic macrophage phenotype. Concomitantly, we demonstrate that astrocyte-derived cholesterol is key to glioma cell survival, and that targeting astrocytic cholesterol efflux, via ABCA1, halts tumour progression. In summary, astrocytes control glioblastoma pathogenicity by reprogramming the immunological properties of the tumour microenvironment and supporting the non-oncogenic metabolic dependency of glioblastoma on cholesterol. These findings suggest that targeting astrocyte immunometabolic signalling may be useful in treating this uniformly lethal brain tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Perelroizen
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Bar Philosof
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Noga Budick-Harmelin
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tom Chernobylsky
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ariel Ron
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rotem Katzir
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory (CDSL), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dor Shimon
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adi Tessler
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Orit Adir
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anat Gaoni-Yogev
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tom Meyer
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Avivit Krivitsky
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nuphar Shidlovsky
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Asaf Madi
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory (CDSL), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lior Mayo
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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76
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Chio JCT, Punjani N, Hejrati N, Zavvarian MM, Hong J, Fehlings MG. Extracellular Matrix and Oxidative Stress Following Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: Physiological and Pathophysiological Roles and Opportunities for Therapeutic Intervention. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:184-207. [PMID: 34465134 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) causes significant disruption to neuronal, glial, vascular, and extracellular elements. The spinal cord extracellular matrix (ECM) comprises structural and communication proteins that are involved in reparative and regenerative processes after SCI. In the healthy spinal cord, the ECM helps maintain spinal cord homeostasis. After SCI, the damaged ECM limits plasticity and contributes to inflammation through the expression of damage-associated molecules such as proteoglycans. Recent Advances: Considerable insights have been gained by characterizing the origins of the gliotic and fibrotic scars, which not only reduce the spread of injury but also limit neuroregeneration. These properties likely limit the success of therapies used to treat patients with SCI. The ECM, which is a major contributor to the scars and normal physiological functions of the spinal cord, represents an exciting therapeutic target to enhance recovery post-SCI. Critical Issue: Various ECM-based preclinical therapies have been developed. These include disrupting scar components, inhibiting activity of ECM metalloproteinases, and maintaining iron homeostasis. Biomaterials have also been explored. However, the majority of these treatments have not experienced successful clinical translation. This could be due to the ECM and scars' polarizing roles. Future Directions: This review surveys the complexity involved in spinal ECM modifications, discusses new ECM-based combinatorial strategies, and explores the biomaterials evaluated in clinical trials, which hope to introduce new treatments that enhance recovery after SCI. These topics will incorporate oxidative species, which are both beneficial and harmful in reparative and regenerative processes after SCI, and not often assessed in pertinent literature. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 184-207.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon Chon Teng Chio
- Department of Genetics and Development, Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nayaab Punjani
- Department of Genetics and Development, Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nader Hejrati
- Department of Genetics and Development, Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mohammad-Masoud Zavvarian
- Department of Genetics and Development, Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - James Hong
- Department of Genetics and Development, Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael G Fehlings
- Department of Genetics and Development, Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Surgery and Spine Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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77
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Lee AJ, Raghavan NS, Bhattarai P, Siddiqui T, Sariya S, Reyes-Dumeyer D, Flowers XE, Cardoso SAL, De Jager PL, Bennett DA, Schneider JA, Menon V, Wang Y, Lantigua RA, Medrano M, Rivera D, Jiménez-Velázquez IZ, Kukull WA, Brickman AM, Manly JJ, Tosto G, Kizil C, Vardarajan BN, Mayeux R. FMNL2 regulates gliovascular interactions and is associated with vascular risk factors and cerebrovascular pathology in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 144:59-79. [PMID: 35608697 PMCID: PMC9217776 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02431-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk factors (CVRFs) during middle age and later and is frequently accompanied by cerebrovascular pathology at death. An interaction between CVRFs and genetic variants might explain the pathogenesis. Genome-wide, gene by CVRF interaction analyses for AD, in 6568 patients and 8101 controls identified FMNL2 (p = 6.6 × 10-7). A significant increase in FMNL2 expression was observed in the brains of patients with brain infarcts and AD pathology and was associated with amyloid and phosphorylated tau deposition. FMNL2 was also prominent in astroglia in AD among those with cerebrovascular pathology. Amyloid toxicity in zebrafish increased fmnl2a expression in astroglia with detachment of astroglial end feet from blood vessels. Knockdown of fmnl2a prevented gliovascular remodeling, reduced microglial activity and enhanced amyloidosis. APP/PS1dE9 AD mice also displayed increased Fmnl2 expression and reduced the gliovascular contacts independent of the gliotic response. Based on this work, we propose that FMNL2 regulates pathology-dependent plasticity of the blood-brain-barrier by controlling gliovascular interactions and stimulating the clearance of extracellular aggregates. Therefore, in AD cerebrovascular risk factors promote cerebrovascular pathology which in turn, interacts with FMNL2 altering the normal astroglial-vascular mechanisms underlying the clearance of amyloid and tau increasing their deposition in brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie J Lee
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, 710 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Neha S Raghavan
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, 710 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Prabesh Bhattarai
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, 710 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Helmholtz Association, Tatzberg 41, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tohid Siddiqui
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Helmholtz Association, Tatzberg 41, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sanjeev Sariya
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, 710 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Dolly Reyes-Dumeyer
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, 710 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Xena E Flowers
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Sarah A L Cardoso
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, 710 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Vilas Menon
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, 710 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Yanling Wang
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Rafael A Lantigua
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Martin Medrano
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica Madre y Maestra (PUCMM), Santiago, Dominican Republic
| | - Diones Rivera
- Department of Neurology, CEDIMAT, Plaza de la Salud, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
- School of Medicine, Universidad Pedro Henriquez Urena (UNPHU), Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Ivonne Z Jiménez-Velázquez
- Department of Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 00936, USA
| | - Walter A Kukull
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Adam M Brickman
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, 710 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jennifer J Manly
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, 710 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Giuseppe Tosto
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, 710 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Caghan Kizil
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, 710 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Helmholtz Association, Tatzberg 41, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Badri N Vardarajan
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, 710 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, 710 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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78
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Tang SJ. Reactive astrocytes in pain neural circuit pathogenesis. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2022; 75:102584. [PMID: 35717772 PMCID: PMC10391711 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Reactive astrocytes are commonly activated in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) of various animal models of pathological pain. Previous investigations suggest an association between astrogliosis and pain pathogenesis. However, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying astrogliosis activation and the contributions of reactive astrocytes to pain neural circuit malfunction is rudimentary. This short review highlights recent advances in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Jun Tang
- Stony Brook University Pain and Analgesia Research Center (SPARC) and Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY, 11794, USA.
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79
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Hwang Y, Kim HC, Shin EJ. Effect of rottlerin on astrocyte phenotype polarization after trimethyltin insult in the dentate gyrus of mice. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:142. [PMID: 35690821 PMCID: PMC9188234 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02507-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated that reactive astrocytes can be polarized into pro-inflammatory A1 phenotype or anti-inflammatory A2 phenotype under neurotoxic and neurodegenerative conditions. Microglia have been suggested to play a critical role in astrocyte phenotype polarization by releasing pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. In this study, we examined whether trimethyltin (TMT) insult can induce astrocyte polarization in the dentate gyrus of mice, and whether protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) plays a role in TMT-induced astrocyte phenotype polarization. METHODS Male C57BL/6 N mice received TMT (2.6 mg/kg, i.p.), and temporal changes in the mRNA expression of A1 and A2 phenotype markers were evaluated in the hippocampus. In addition, temporal and spatial changes in the protein expression of C3, S100A10, Iba-1, and p-PKCδ were examined in the dentate gyrus. Rottlerin (5 mg/kg, i.p. × 5 at 12-h intervals) was administered 3-5 days after TMT treatment, and the expression of A1 and A2 transcripts, p-PKCδ, Iba-1, C3, S100A10, and C1q was evaluated 6 days after TMT treatment. RESULTS TMT treatment significantly increased the mRNA expression of A1 and A2 phenotype markers, and the increased expression of A1 markers remained longer than that of A2 markers. The immunoreactivity of the representative A1 phenotype marker, C3 and A2 phenotype marker, S100A10 peaked 6 days after TMT insult in the dentate gyrus. While C3 was expressed evenly throughout the dentate gyrus, S100A10 was highly expressed in the hilus and inner molecular layer. In addition, TMT insult induced microglial p-PKCδ expression. Treatment with rottlerin, a PKCδ inhibitor, decreased Iba-1 and C3 expression, but did not affect S100A10 expression, suggesting that PKCδ inhibition attenuates microglial activation and A1 astrocyte phenotype polarization. Consistently, rottlerin significantly reduced the expression of C1q and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), which has been suggested to be released by activated microglia and induce A1 astrocyte polarization. CONCLUSION We demonstrated the temporal and spatial profiles of astrocyte polarization after TMT insult in the dentate gyrus of mice. Taken together, our results suggest that PKCδ plays a role in inducing A1 astrocyte polarization by promoting microglial activation and consequently increasing the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators after TMT insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonggwang Hwang
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Joo Shin
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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80
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Zhang Q, Liu C, Shi R, Zhou S, Shan H, Deng L, Chen T, Guo Y, Zhang Z, Yang GY, Wang Y, Tang Y. Blocking C3d +/GFAP + A1 Astrocyte Conversion with Semaglutide Attenuates Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Mice after Ischemic Stroke. Aging Dis 2022; 13:943-959. [PMID: 35656116 PMCID: PMC9116904 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes play an essential role in the modulation of blood-brain barrier function. Neurological diseases induce the transformation of astrocytes into a neurotoxic A1 phenotype, exacerbating brain injury. However, the effect of A1 astrocytes on the BBB dysfunction after stroke is unknown. Adult male ICR mice (n=97) were subjected to 90-minute transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). Immunohistochemical staining of A1 (C3d) and A2 (S100A10) was performed to characterize phenotypic changes in astrocytes over time after tMCAO. The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist semaglutide was intraperitoneally injected into mice to inhibit A1 astrocytes. Infarct volume, atrophy volume, neurobehavioral outcomes, and BBB permeability were evaluated. RNA-seq was adopted to explore the potential targets and signaling pathways of A1 astrocyte-induced BBB dysfunction. Astrocytic C3d expression was increased, while expression of S100A10 was decreased in the first two weeks after tMCAO, reflecting a shift in the astrocytic phenotype. Semaglutide treatment reduced the expression of CD16/32 in microglia and C3d in astrocytes after ischemic stroke (p<0.05). Ischemia-induced brain infarct volume, atrophy volume and neuroinflammation were reduced in the semaglutide-treated mice, and neurobehavioral outcomes were improved compared to control mice (p<0.05). We further demonstrated that semaglutide treatment reduced the gap formation of tight junction proteins ZO-1, claudin-5 and occludin, as well as IgG leakage three days following tMCAO (p<0.05). In vitro experiments revealed that A1 astrocyte-conditioned medium disrupted BBB integrity. RNA-seq showed that A1 astrocytes were enriched in inflammatory factors and chemokines and significantly modulated the TNF and chemokine signaling pathways, which are closely related to barrier damage. We concluded that astrocytes undergo a phenotypic shift over time after ischemic stroke. C3d+/GFAP+ astrocytes aggravate BBB disruption, suggesting that inhibiting C3d+/GFAP+ astrocyte formation represents a novel strategy for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- 1School of Biomedical Engineering and Shanghai 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Chang Liu
- 1School of Biomedical Engineering and Shanghai 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Rubing Shi
- 1School of Biomedical Engineering and Shanghai 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shiyi Zhou
- 1School of Biomedical Engineering and Shanghai 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Huimin Shan
- 1School of Biomedical Engineering and Shanghai 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Lidong Deng
- 1School of Biomedical Engineering and Shanghai 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- 1School of Biomedical Engineering and Shanghai 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yiyan Guo
- 1School of Biomedical Engineering and Shanghai 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- 1School of Biomedical Engineering and Shanghai 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- 1School of Biomedical Engineering and Shanghai 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.,2Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yongting Wang
- 1School of Biomedical Engineering and Shanghai 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yaohui Tang
- 1School of Biomedical Engineering and Shanghai 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
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81
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Song Y, Li X, Liu X, Yu Z, Zhang G. Calycosin Alleviates Oxidative Injury in Spinal Astrocytes by Regulating the GP130/JAK/STAT Pathway. J Oleo Sci 2022; 71:881-887. [PMID: 35584953 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal injury is a complicated disease and is reported to be associated with damages on spinal astrocytes induced by oxidative injury. Astragali Radi, a famous traditional Chinese medicine, is reported to have promising efficacy in protecting injuries in the central nervous system. This study aims to investigate the effect of calycosin, an isoflavone phytoestrogens isolated from Astragali Radi, on oxidative injury in spinal astrocytes induced by H2O2 and the underlying mechanism. Primary rat spinal astrocytes were pretreated with 5, 10, and 20 μM calycosin and subjected to H2O2 treatment for 24 h to establish an oxidative injury model. Cell viability was detected using the CCK-8 assay to screen the optimized concentration of calycosin. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the apoptotic rate and cell cycle. The expression level of Brdu was visualized using the immunofluorescence assay. Western blotting was used to measure the expression levels of p-JAK2, p-STAT3, p-AKT, GP130, and IL-6 in spinal astrocytes. We found that proliferation was inhibited and that apoptosis was induced by the stimulation of H2O2. The expression levels of p-JAK2, p-STAT3, p-AKT, GP130, and IL-6 were significantly elevated in H2O2-treated astrocytes. After the treatment of calycosin, proliferation was facilitated, and apoptosis was suppressed. These phenomena were accompanied by the downregulation of p-JAK2, p-STAT3, p-AKT, GP130, and IL-6, which were abolished by the co-administration of PI3K (ly294002) or STAT3 (stattic) inhibitor. Overall, calycosin alleviated oxidative injury in spinal astrocytes by mediating the GP130/JAK/STAT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Song
- Department of traumatic orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Xu Li
- Department of traumatic orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Xiaozhou Liu
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Zhaozhong Yu
- Department of traumatic orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Guofu Zhang
- Department of traumatic orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
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82
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Insights into the Critical Role of Exosomes in the Brain; from Neuronal Activity to Therapeutic Effects. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4453-4465. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02853-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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83
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Lawal O, Ulloa Severino FP, Eroglu C. The role of astrocyte structural plasticity in regulating neural circuit function and behavior. Glia 2022; 70:1467-1483. [PMID: 35535566 PMCID: PMC9233050 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Brain circuits undergo substantial structural changes during development, driven by the formation, stabilization, and elimination of synapses. Synaptic connections continue to undergo experience‐dependent structural rearrangements throughout life, which are postulated to underlie learning and memory. Astrocytes, a major glial cell type in the brain, are physically in contact with synaptic circuits through their structural ensheathment of synapses. Astrocytes strongly contribute to the remodeling of synaptic structures in healthy and diseased central nervous systems by regulating synaptic connectivity and behaviors. However, whether structural plasticity of astrocytes is involved in their critical functions at the synapse is unknown. This review will discuss the emerging evidence linking astrocytic structural plasticity to synaptic circuit remodeling and regulation of behaviors. Moreover, we will survey possible molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating the structural plasticity of astrocytes and their non‐cell‐autonomous effects on neuronal plasticity. Finally, we will discuss how astrocyte morphological changes in different physiological states and disease conditions contribute to neuronal circuit function and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwadamilola Lawal
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Francesco Paolo Ulloa Severino
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Psychology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cagla Eroglu
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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84
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Lazic A, Balint V, Stanisavljevic Ninkovic D, Peric M, Stevanovic M. Reactive and Senescent Astroglial Phenotypes as Hallmarks of Brain Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094995. [PMID: 35563385 PMCID: PMC9100382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes, as the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system, are tightly integrated into neural networks and participate in numerous aspects of brain physiology and pathology. They are the main homeostatic cells in the central nervous system, and the loss of astrocyte physiological functions and/or gain of pro-inflammatory functions, due to their reactivation or cellular senescence, can have profound impacts on the surrounding microenvironment with pathological outcomes. Although the importance of astrocytes is generally recognized, and both senescence and reactive astrogliosis have been extensively reviewed independently, there are only a few comparative overviews of these complex processes. In this review, we summarize the latest data regarding astrocyte reactivation and senescence, and outline similarities and differences between these phenotypes from morphological, functional, and molecular points of view. A special focus has been given to neurodegenerative diseases, where these phenotypic alternations of astrocytes are significantly implicated. We also summarize current perspectives regarding new advances in model systems based on astrocytes as well as data pointing to these glial cells as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrijana Lazic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.B.); (D.S.N.); (M.P.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Vanda Balint
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.B.); (D.S.N.); (M.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Danijela Stanisavljevic Ninkovic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.B.); (D.S.N.); (M.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Mina Peric
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.B.); (D.S.N.); (M.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Milena Stevanovic
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.B.); (D.S.N.); (M.P.); (M.S.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Kneza Mihaila 35, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
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85
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Luo Y, Yang H, Yan X, Wu Y, Wei G, Wu X, Tian X, Xiong Y, Wu G, Wen H. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Alleviates Neurovascular Unit Dysfunction in Mice With Preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:857415. [PMID: 35493946 PMCID: PMC9047023 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.857415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons, glial cells and blood vessels are collectively referred to as the neurovascular unit (NVU). In the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain, the main components of the NVU undergo pathological changes. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can protect neurons, induce changes in glial cells, regulate cerebral blood flow, and exert long-term neuroprotection. However, the mechanism by which tDCS improves NVU function is unclear. In this study, we explored the effect of tDCS on the NVU in mice with preclinical AD and the related mechanisms. 10 sessions of tDCS were given to six-month-old male APP/PS1 mice in the preclinical stage. The model group, sham stimulation group, and control group were made up of APP/PS1 mice and C57 mice of the same age. All mice were histologically evaluated two months after receiving tDCS. Protein content was measured using Western blotting and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The link between glial cells and blood vessels was studied using immunofluorescence staining and lectin staining. The results showed that tDCS affected the metabolism of Aβ; the levels of Aβ, amyloid precursor protein (APP) and BACE1 were significantly reduced, and the levels of ADAM10 were significantly increased in the frontal cortex and hippocampus in the stimulation group. In the stimulation group, tDCS reduced the protein levels of Iba1 and GFAP and increased the protein levels of NeuN, LRP1 and PDGRFβ. This suggests that tDCS can improve NVU function in APP/PS1 mice in the preclinical stage. Increased blood vessel density and blood vessel length, decreased IgG extravasation, and increased the protein levels of occludin and coverage of astrocyte foot processes with blood vessels suggested that tDCS had a protective effect on the blood-brain barrier. Furthermore, the increased numbers of Vimentin, S100 expression and blood vessels (lectin-positive) around Aβ indicated that the effect of tDCS was mediated by astrocytes and blood vessels. There was no significant difference in these parameters between the model group and the sham stimulation group. In conclusion, our results show that tDCS can improve NVU function in APP/PS1 mice in the preclinical stage, providing further support for the use of tDCS as a treatment for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinpei Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Laboratory of Neural Regulation and Rehabilitation Technology, Chongqing Medical Electronics Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Laboratory of Neural Regulation and Rehabilitation Technology, Chongqing Medical Electronics Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaojing Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaran Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoliang Wei
- Laboratory of Neural Regulation and Rehabilitation Technology, Chongqing Medical Electronics Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Laboratory of Neural Regulation and Rehabilitation Technology, Chongqing Medical Electronics Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuelong Tian
- Laboratory of Neural Regulation and Rehabilitation Technology, Chongqing Medical Electronics Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangyan Wu
- Experimental Center of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Guangyan Wu,
| | - Huizhong Wen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Huizhong Wen,
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86
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Progression in translational research on spinal cord injury based on microenvironment imbalance. Bone Res 2022; 10:35. [PMID: 35396505 PMCID: PMC8993811 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-022-00199-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to loss of motor and sensory function below the injury level and imposes a considerable burden on patients, families, and society. Repair of the injured spinal cord has been recognized as a global medical challenge for many years. Significant progress has been made in research on the pathological mechanism of spinal cord injury. In particular, with the development of gene regulation, cell sequencing, and cell tracing technologies, in-depth explorations of the SCI microenvironment have become more feasible. However, translational studies related to repair of the injured spinal cord have not yielded significant results. This review summarizes the latest research progress on two aspects of SCI pathology: intraneuronal microenvironment imbalance and regenerative microenvironment imbalance. We also review repair strategies for the injured spinal cord based on microenvironment imbalance, including medications, cell transplantation, exosomes, tissue engineering, cell reprogramming, and rehabilitation. The current state of translational research on SCI and future directions are also discussed. The development of a combined, precise, and multitemporal strategy for repairing the injured spinal cord is a potential future direction.
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87
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Pang QM, Chen SY, Xu QJ, Zhang M, Liang DF, Fu SP, Yu J, Liu ZL, Zhang Q, Zhang T. Effects of astrocytes and microglia on neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury and related immunomodulatory strategies. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108754. [PMID: 35397392 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a catastrophic event which is still without adequate therapies. Neuroinflammation is the main pathogenesis of secondary damage post-SCI, leading to tissue loss and neurological dysfunction. Previous studies have shown that microglia and astrocytes are the major immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and play a crucial role in modulating neuroinflammatory responses. In this study, we mainly review the effects of neuroinflammation in SCI, focusing on the contributions of microglia and astrocytes and their cross-talk. Furthermore, we will also discuss therapeutic strategies on how to regulate their immunophenotype to suppress robust inflammation and facilitate injury prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Ming Pang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China; Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Si-Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Qi-Jing Xu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Da-Fei Liang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Sheng-Ping Fu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China; Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Zu-Lin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China; Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
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Mills WA, Woo AM, Jiang S, Martin J, Surendran D, Bergstresser M, Kimbrough IF, Eyo UB, Sofroniew MV, Sontheimer H. Astrocyte plasticity in mice ensures continued endfoot coverage of cerebral blood vessels following injury and declines with age. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1794. [PMID: 35379828 PMCID: PMC8980042 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29475-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes extend endfeet that enwrap the vasculature, and disruptions to this association which may occur in disease coincide with breaches in blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Here we investigate if focal ablation of astrocytes is sufficient to disrupt the BBB in mice. Targeted two-photon chemical apoptotic ablation of astrocytes induced a plasticity response whereby surrounding astrocytes extended processes to cover vascular vacancies. In young animals, replacement processes occur in advance of endfoot retraction, but this is delayed in aged animals. Stimulation of replacement astrocytes results in constriction of pre-capillary arterioles, suggesting that replacement astrocytes are functional. Pharmacological inhibition of pSTAT3, as well as astrocyte specific deletion of pSTAT3, reduces astrocyte replacement post-ablation, without perturbations to BBB integrity. Similar endfoot replacement occurs following astrocyte cell death due to reperfusion in a stroke model. Together, these studies uncover the ability of astrocytes to maintain cerebrovascular coverage via substitution from nearby cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A. Mills
- grid.27755.320000 0000 9136 933XBrain, Immunology, and Glia Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA USA ,grid.27755.320000 0000 9136 933XDepartment of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA USA ,grid.27755.320000 0000 9136 933XRobert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA USA ,grid.438526.e0000 0001 0694 4940Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, & Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA USA
| | - AnnaLin M. Woo
- grid.27755.320000 0000 9136 933XBrain, Immunology, and Glia Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA USA ,grid.27755.320000 0000 9136 933XDepartment of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Shan Jiang
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Joelle Martin
- grid.438526.e0000 0001 0694 4940Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, & Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA USA
| | - Dayana Surendran
- grid.27755.320000 0000 9136 933XBrain, Immunology, and Glia Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA USA ,grid.27755.320000 0000 9136 933XDepartment of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Matthew Bergstresser
- grid.438526.e0000 0001 0694 4940School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA USA
| | - Ian F. Kimbrough
- grid.27755.320000 0000 9136 933XBrain, Immunology, and Glia Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA USA ,grid.27755.320000 0000 9136 933XDepartment of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Ukpong B. Eyo
- grid.27755.320000 0000 9136 933XBrain, Immunology, and Glia Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA USA ,grid.27755.320000 0000 9136 933XDepartment of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA USA ,grid.27755.320000 0000 9136 933XRobert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Michael V. Sofroniew
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Harald Sontheimer
- grid.27755.320000 0000 9136 933XBrain, Immunology, and Glia Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA USA ,grid.27755.320000 0000 9136 933XDepartment of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA USA
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Effects of electroacupuncture combined with hydrogel on the formation and changes in the glial scar in rats with spinal cord injury. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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90
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Xu Y, Liu Z, Xu S, Li C, Li M, Cao S, Sun Y, Dai H, Guo Y, Chen X, Liang W. Scientific Evidences of Calorie Restriction and Intermittent Fasting for Neuroprotection in Traumatic Brain Injury Animal Models: A Review of the Literature. Nutrients 2022; 14:1431. [PMID: 35406044 PMCID: PMC9002547 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It has widely been accepted that food restriction (FR) without malnutrition has multiple health benefits. Various calorie restriction (CR) and intermittent fasting (IF) regimens have recently been reported to exert neuroprotective effects in traumatic brain injury (TBI) through variable mechanisms. However, the evidence connecting CR or IF to neuroprotection in TBI as well as current issues remaining in this research field have yet to be reviewed in literature. The objective of our review was therefore to weigh the evidence that suggests the connection between CR/IF with recovery promotion following TBI. Medline, Google Scholar and Web of Science were searched from inception to 25 February 2022. An overwhelming number of results generated suggest that several types of CR/IF play a promising role in promoting post-TBI recovery. This recovery is believed to be achieved by alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction, promoting hippocampal neurogenesis, inhibiting glial cell responses, shaping neural cell plasticity, as well as targeting apoptosis and autophagy. Further, we represent our views on the current issues and provide thoughts on the future direction of this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.X.); (S.X.); (C.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Zejie Liu
- Department of Forensic Pathology and Forensic Clinical Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.L.); (H.D.)
| | - Shuting Xu
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.X.); (S.X.); (C.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Chengxian Li
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.X.); (S.X.); (C.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Manrui Li
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (M.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Shuqiang Cao
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (M.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Yuwen Sun
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.X.); (S.X.); (C.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Hao Dai
- Department of Forensic Pathology and Forensic Clinical Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.L.); (H.D.)
| | - Yadong Guo
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China;
| | - Xiameng Chen
- Department of Forensic Pathology and Forensic Clinical Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.L.); (H.D.)
| | - Weibo Liang
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (M.L.); (S.C.)
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91
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Wei SW, Zou MM, Huan J, Li D, Zhang PF, Lu MH, Xiong J, Ma YX. Role of the hydrogen sulfide-releasing donor ADT-OH in the regulation of mammal neural precursor cells. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:2877-2887. [PMID: 35342944 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Neural precursor cells (NPCs) generate new neurons to supplement neuronal loss as well as to repair damaged neural circuits. Therefore, NPCs have potential applications in a variety of neurological diseases, such as spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, and glaucoma. Specifically, improving NPCs proliferation and manipulating their differentiated cell types can be a beneficial therapy for a variety of these diseases. ADT-OH is a slow-releasing organic H2 S donor that produces a slow and continuous release of H2 S to maintain normal brain functions. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of ADT-OH on NPCs. Our results demonstrated that ADT-OH promotes self-renewal and antiapoptosis ability of cultured NPCs. Additionally, it facilitates more NPCs to differentiate into neurons and oligodendrocytes, while inhibiting their differentiation into astrocytes. Furthermore, it enhances axonal growth. Moreover, we discovered that the mRNA and protein expression of β-catenin, TCF7L2, c-Myc, Ngn1, and Ngn2, which are key genes that regulate NPCs self-renewal and differentiation, were increased in the presence of ADT-OH. Altogether, these results indicate that ADT-OH may be a promising drug to regulate the neurogenesis of NPCs, and needs to be studied in the future for clinical application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Wen Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ming-Ming Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Huan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Di Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Peng-Fei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mei-Hong Lu
- School of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Xiong
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan-Xia Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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92
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Masrori P, Beckers J, Gossye H, Van Damme P. The role of inflammation in neurodegeneration: novel insights into the role of the immune system in C9orf72 HRE-mediated ALS/FTD. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:22. [PMID: 35303907 PMCID: PMC8932121 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00525-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is an important hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). An inflammatory reaction to neuronal injury is deemed vital for neuronal health and homeostasis. However, a continued activation of the inflammatory response can be detrimental to remaining neurons and aggravate the disease process. Apart from a disease modifying role, some evidence suggests that neuroinflammation may also contribute to the upstream cause of the disease. In this review, we will first focus on the role of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 gene (C9orf72) hexanucleotide repeat expansions (HRE)-mediated ALS/FTD (C9-ALS/FTD). Additionally, we will discuss evidence from ex vivo and in vivo studies and finally, we briefly summarize the trials and progress of anti-inflammatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Masrori
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurobiology, Experimental Neurology, Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Campus Gasthuisberg, O&N5, Herestraat 49, 602, 3000, Leuven, PB, Belgium.,Neurology Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Antwerp, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Jimmy Beckers
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurobiology, Experimental Neurology, Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Campus Gasthuisberg, O&N5, Herestraat 49, 602, 3000, Leuven, PB, Belgium
| | - Helena Gossye
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Antwerp, 2650, Edegem, Belgium.,VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases, University of Antwerp, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Philip Van Damme
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. .,Laboratory of Neurobiology, Experimental Neurology, Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB, Campus Gasthuisberg, O&N5, Herestraat 49, 602, 3000, Leuven, PB, Belgium. .,Neurology Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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93
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Conforti P, Mezey S, Nath S, Chu YH, Malik SC, Martínez Santamaría JC, Deshpande SS, Pous L, Zieger B, Schachtrup C. Fibrinogen regulates lesion border-forming reactive astrocyte properties after vascular damage. Glia 2022; 70:1251-1266. [PMID: 35244976 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Reactive astrocytes at the border of damaged neuronal tissue organize into a barrier surrounding the fibrotic lesion core, separating this central region of inflammation and fibrosis from healthy tissue. Astrocytes are essential to form the border and for wound repair but interfere with neuronal regeneration. However, the mechanisms driving these astrocytes during central nervous system (CNS) disease are unknown. Here we show that blood-derived fibrinogen is enriched at the interface of lesion border-forming elongated astrocytes after cortical brain injury. Anticoagulant treatment depleting fibrinogen reduces astrocyte reactivity, extracellular matrix deposition and inflammation with no change in the spread of inflammation, whereas inhibiting fibrinogen conversion into fibrin did not significantly alter astrocyte reactivity, but changed the deposition of astrocyte extracellular matrix. RNA sequencing of fluorescence-activated cell sorting-isolated astrocytes of fibrinogen-depleted mice after cortical injury revealed repressed gene expression signatures associated with astrocyte reactivity, extracellular matrix deposition and immune-response regulation, as well as increased gene expression signatures associated with astrocyte metabolism and astrocyte-neuron communication. Systemic pharmacologic depletion of fibrinogen resulted in the absence of elongated, border-forming astrocytes and increased the survival of neurons in the lesion core after cortical injury. These results identify fibrinogen as a critical trigger for lesion border-forming astrocyte properties in CNS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Conforti
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Szilvia Mezey
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Suvra Nath
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yu-Hsuan Chu
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Subash C Malik
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jose C Martínez Santamaría
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sachin S Deshpande
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lauriane Pous
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Zieger
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Schachtrup
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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94
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Choi Y, Shin T. Alendronate Enhances Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury. Exp Neurobiol 2022; 31:54-64. [PMID: 35256544 PMCID: PMC8907254 DOI: 10.5607/en21030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is a destructive disease characterized by motor/sensory dysfunction and severe inflammation. Alendronate is an anti-inflammatory molecule and may therefore be of benefit in the treatment of the inflammation associated with spinal cord injury. This study aimed to evaluate whether alendronate attenuates motor/sensory dysfunction and the inflammatory response in a thoracic spinal cord clip injury model. Alendronate was intraperitoneally administered at 1 mg/kg/day or 5 mg/kg/day from day (D) 0 to 28 post-injury (PI). The histopathological evaluation showed an alleviation of the inflammatory response, including the infiltration of inflammatory cells, and a decrease in gliosis. Alendronate also led to reductions in the levels of inflammation-related molecules, including mitogen-activated protein kinase, p53, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and pro-inflammatory mediators. Neuro-behavioral assessments, including the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scale for locomotor function, the von Frey filament test, the hot plate test, and the cold stimulation test for sensory function, and the horizontal ladder test for sensorimotor function improved significantly in the alendronate-treated group at D28PI. Taken together, these results suggest that alendronate treatment can inhibit the inflammatory response in spinal cord injury thus improving functional responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Choi
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Taekyun Shin
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
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95
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Munoz-Ballester C, Mahmutovic D, Rafiqzad Y, Korot A, Robel S. Mild Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Disruption of the Blood-Brain Barrier Triggers an Atypical Neuronal Response. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:821885. [PMID: 35250487 PMCID: PMC8894613 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.821885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild TBI (mTBI), which affects 75% of TBI survivors or more than 50 million people worldwide each year, can lead to consequences including sleep disturbances, cognitive impairment, mood swings, and post-traumatic epilepsy in a subset of patients. To interrupt the progression of these comorbidities, identifying early pathological events is key. Recent studies have shown that microbleeds, caused by mechanical impact, persist for months after mTBI and are correlated to worse mTBI outcomes. However, the impact of mTBI-induced blood-brain barrier damage on neurons is yet to be revealed. We used a well-characterized mouse model of mTBI that presents with frequent and widespread but size-restricted damage to the blood-brain barrier to assess how neurons respond to exposure of blood-borne factors in this pathological context. We used immunohistochemistry and histology to assess the expression of neuronal proteins in excitatory and inhibitory neurons after mTBI. We observed that the expression of NeuN, Parvalbumin, and CamKII was lost within minutes in areas with blood-brain barrier disruption. Yet, the neurons remained alive and could be detected using a fluorescent Nissl staining even 6 months later. A similar phenotype was observed after exposure of neurons to blood-borne factors due to endothelial cell ablation in the absence of a mechanical impact, suggesting that entrance of blood-borne factors into the brain is sufficient to induce the neuronal atypical response. Changes in postsynaptic spines were observed indicative of functional changes. Thus, this study demonstrates That exposure of neurons to blood-borne factors causes a rapid and sustained loss of neuronal proteins and changes in spine morphology in the absence of neurodegeneration, a finding that is likely relevant to many neuropathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Munoz-Ballester
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, United States
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Dzenis Mahmutovic
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, United States
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Yusuf Rafiqzad
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, United States
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech Carilion, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Alia Korot
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, United States
- Kenyon College, Gambier, OH, United States
| | - Stefanie Robel
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, United States
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech Carilion, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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96
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Sanchez-Gonzalez R, Koupourtidou C, Lepko T, Zambusi A, Novoselc KT, Durovic T, Aschenbroich S, Schwarz V, Breunig CT, Straka H, Huttner HB, Irmler M, Beckers J, Wurst W, Zwergal A, Schauer T, Straub T, Czopka T, Trümbach D, Götz M, Stricker SH, Ninkovic J. Innate Immune Pathways Promote Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cell Recruitment to the Injury Site in Adult Zebrafish Brain. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030520. [PMID: 35159329 PMCID: PMC8834209 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The oligodendrocyte progenitors (OPCs) are at the front of the glial reaction to the traumatic brain injury. However, regulatory pathways steering the OPC reaction as well as the role of reactive OPCs remain largely unknown. Here, we compared a long-lasting, exacerbated reaction of OPCs to the adult zebrafish brain injury with a timely restricted OPC activation to identify the specific molecular mechanisms regulating OPC reactivity and their contribution to regeneration. We demonstrated that the influx of the cerebrospinal fluid into the brain parenchyma after injury simultaneously activates the toll-like receptor 2 (Tlr2) and the chemokine receptor 3 (Cxcr3) innate immunity pathways, leading to increased OPC proliferation and thereby exacerbated glial reactivity. These pathways were critical for long-lasting OPC accumulation even after the ablation of microglia and infiltrating monocytes. Importantly, interference with the Tlr1/2 and Cxcr3 pathways after injury alleviated reactive gliosis, increased new neuron recruitment, and improved tissue restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Sanchez-Gonzalez
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (R.S.-G.); (C.K.); (T.L.); (A.Z.); (K.T.N.); (T.D.); (S.A.); (V.S.); (M.G.)
- Department Biology II, University of Munich, 80539 München, Germany;
| | - Christina Koupourtidou
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (R.S.-G.); (C.K.); (T.L.); (A.Z.); (K.T.N.); (T.D.); (S.A.); (V.S.); (M.G.)
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 80539 München, Germany
- Graduate School Systemic Neurosciences, LMU, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Tjasa Lepko
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (R.S.-G.); (C.K.); (T.L.); (A.Z.); (K.T.N.); (T.D.); (S.A.); (V.S.); (M.G.)
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 80539 München, Germany
- Graduate School Systemic Neurosciences, LMU, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Alessandro Zambusi
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (R.S.-G.); (C.K.); (T.L.); (A.Z.); (K.T.N.); (T.D.); (S.A.); (V.S.); (M.G.)
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 80539 München, Germany
- Graduate School Systemic Neurosciences, LMU, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Klara Tereza Novoselc
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (R.S.-G.); (C.K.); (T.L.); (A.Z.); (K.T.N.); (T.D.); (S.A.); (V.S.); (M.G.)
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 80539 München, Germany
- Graduate School Systemic Neurosciences, LMU, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Tamara Durovic
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (R.S.-G.); (C.K.); (T.L.); (A.Z.); (K.T.N.); (T.D.); (S.A.); (V.S.); (M.G.)
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 80539 München, Germany
- Graduate School Systemic Neurosciences, LMU, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Aschenbroich
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (R.S.-G.); (C.K.); (T.L.); (A.Z.); (K.T.N.); (T.D.); (S.A.); (V.S.); (M.G.)
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 80539 München, Germany
- Graduate School Systemic Neurosciences, LMU, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Veronika Schwarz
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (R.S.-G.); (C.K.); (T.L.); (A.Z.); (K.T.N.); (T.D.); (S.A.); (V.S.); (M.G.)
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 80539 München, Germany
- Graduate School Systemic Neurosciences, LMU, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Christopher T. Breunig
- Reprogramming and Regeneration, Biomedical Center (BMC), Physiological Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 80539 München, Germany; (C.T.B.); (S.H.S.)
- Epigenetic Engineering, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Hans Straka
- Department Biology II, University of Munich, 80539 München, Germany;
| | - Hagen B. Huttner
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Martin Irmler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (M.I.); (J.B.)
| | - Johannes Beckers
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (M.I.); (J.B.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, 80333 München, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (W.W.); (D.T.)
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology SYNERGY, LMU, 80539 Munich, Germany
- Chair of Developmental Genetics c/o Helmholtz Zentrum München, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, 80333 München, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Zwergal
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Campus Grosshadern, 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | - Tamas Schauer
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Bioinformatic Core Facility, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 80539 München, Germany; (T.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Tobias Straub
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Bioinformatic Core Facility, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 80539 München, Germany; (T.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Tim Czopka
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK;
| | - Dietrich Trümbach
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (W.W.); (D.T.)
| | - Magdalena Götz
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (R.S.-G.); (C.K.); (T.L.); (A.Z.); (K.T.N.); (T.D.); (S.A.); (V.S.); (M.G.)
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology SYNERGY, LMU, 80539 Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Physiological Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Stefan H. Stricker
- Reprogramming and Regeneration, Biomedical Center (BMC), Physiological Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 80539 München, Germany; (C.T.B.); (S.H.S.)
- Epigenetic Engineering, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Jovica Ninkovic
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; (R.S.-G.); (C.K.); (T.L.); (A.Z.); (K.T.N.); (T.D.); (S.A.); (V.S.); (M.G.)
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Division of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 80539 München, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology SYNERGY, LMU, 80539 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence:
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97
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Li Y, Lin M, Lin P, Xia N, Li X, Lin L, Yang Y. Maternal High-Fat Diet Alters the Characteristics of Astrocytes and Worsens the Outcome of Stroke in Rat Offspring, Which Improves After FGF21 Administration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:731698. [PMID: 35096806 PMCID: PMC8793739 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.731698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Maternal high-fat diet (MHFD) has been shown to increase susceptibility to neurological disease in later offspring, but the underlying mechanism is not clear. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has been reported to have a neuroprotective effect in stroke, but its mechanism of action remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of the effect of MHFD on stroke in offspring in adulthood and the mechanism by which FGF21 acts on stroke and restores neurological function. Methods: We performed transcriptome sequencing analysis on D21 neonatal rats. Bodyweight and blood indicators were recorded in the adult rats after MHFD. FGF21 was administered 7 h after photochemical modeling twice a day for three consecutive days. Results: We found numerous mRNA changes between the MHFD group and a normal maternal normal diet (MND) group at D21, including genes related to astrocyte and PI3K/Akt pathways. The body weight, blood glucose, and triglycerides of the MHFD offspring were higher, ischemic lesions were larger, the number of activated astrocytes was lower, and the neurological function score was worse than that of the MND group. After FGF21 administration, WB and qPCR analyses showed that astrocytes and the PI3K/Akt pathway were upregulated, while NF-κB and inflammatory cytokines expression were inhibited in stroke and peri-stroke regions. Conclusion: Taken together, we conclude that MHFD alters the characteristics of astrocytes and other transcriptome changes in their offspring, leading to a worse prognosis of stroke, while FGF21 plays a neuroprotective role by inhibiting NF-κB and inflammatory factors and activating the PI3K/Akt pathway and activating more astrocytes in the MND group than the MHFD group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxuan Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengqi Lin
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ping Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Nengzhi Xia
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yunjun Yang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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98
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Matisz C, Gruber A. Neuroinflammatory remodeling of the anterior cingulate cortex as a key driver of mood disorders in gastrointestinal disease and disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 133:104497. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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99
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Kim WK, Kim WH, Kweon OK, Kang BJ. Heat-Shock Proteins Can Potentiate the Therapeutic Ability of Cryopreserved Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Acute Spinal Cord Injury in Dogs. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:1461-1477. [PMID: 35001344 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10316-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are applied in the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI) because of their neural tissue restoring ability. In the clinical setting, intravenous injection of cryopreserved cells is essential for the immediate treatment of SCI, exhibiting the disadvantage of reduced cell properties. METHODS In this study, we potentiated the characteristics of cryopreserved MSCs by heat-shock (HS) treatment to induce the expression of HS protein (HSP) HSP70/HSP27 and further improved antioxidant capacity by overexpressing HSP32 (heme oxygenase-1 [HO-1]). We randomly assigned 12 beagle dogs with acute SCI into three groups and transplanted cells intravenously: (i) F-MSCs (MSCs in frozen/thawed conditions); (ii) F-HSP-MSCs (HS-treated MSCs in frozen/thawed conditions); and (iii) F-HSP-HO-MSCs (HO-1-overexpressing and HS-treated MSCs in frozen/thawed conditions). RESULTS The potentiated MSCs exhibited increased growth factor-, anti-inflammatory-, antioxidant-, homing- and stemness-related gene expression. In the animal experiments, the HSP-induced groups showed significant improvement in hind-limb locomotion, highly expressed neural markers, less intervened fibrotic changes, and improved myelination. In particular, the HO-1-overexpression group was more prominent, controlling the initial inflammatory response with high antioxidant capabilities, suggesting that antioxidation was important to prevent secondary injury. Accordingly, HSPs not only successfully increased the ability of frozen MSCs but also demonstrated excellent neural protection and regeneration capacity in the case of acute SCI. CONCLUSIONS The application of HSP-induced cryopreserved MSCs in first-aid treatment for acute SCI is considered to help early neural sparing and further hind-limb motor function restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Keyoung Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.,BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Wan Hee Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.,BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Oh-Kyeong Kweon
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Byung-Jae Kang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea. .,BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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100
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Loss-of-function manipulations to identify roles of diverse glia and stromal cells during CNS scar formation. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 387:337-350. [PMID: 34164732 PMCID: PMC8975763 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03487-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Scar formation is the replacement of parenchymal cells by stromal cells and fibrotic extracellular matrix. Until as recently as 25 years ago, little was known about the major functional contributions of different neural and non-neural cell types in the formation of scar tissue and tissue fibrosis in the CNS. Concepts about CNS scar formation are evolving rapidly with the availability of different types of loss-of-function technologies that allow mechanistic probing of cellular and molecular functions in models of CNS disorders in vivo. Such loss-of-function studies are beginning to reveal that scar formation and tissue fibrosis in the CNS involves complex interactions amongst multiple types of CNS glia and non-neural stromal cells. For example, attenuating functions of the CNS resident glial cells, astrocytes or microglia, can disrupt the formation of limitans borders that form around stromal cell scars, which leads to increased spread of inflammation, increased loss of neural tissue, and increased fibrosis. Insights are being gained into specific neuropathological mechanisms whereby specific dysfunctions of different types of CNS glia could cause or contribute to disorder-related tissue pathology and dysfunction. CNS glia, as well as fibrosis-producing stromal cells, are emerging as potential major contributors to diverse CNS disorders either through loss- or gain-of-functions, and are thereby emerging as important potential targets for interventions. In this article, we will review and discuss the effects on CNS scar formation and tissue repair of loss-of-function studies targeted at different specific cell types in various disorder models in vivo.
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