51
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Boemo MA, Byrne HM. Mathematical modelling of a hypoxia-regulated oncolytic virus delivered by tumour-associated macrophages. J Theor Biol 2018; 461:102-116. [PMID: 30359572 PMCID: PMC6269600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A continuum model of macrophages releasing an oncolytic virus within a tumour spheroid. Predictive modelling of this treatment given in combination with radiotherapy. Investigation into how radiotherapy and oncolytic virotherapy should be scheduled.
Tumour hypoxia has long presented a challenge for cancer therapy: Poor vascularisation in hypoxic regions hinders both the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents and the response to radiotherapy, and hypoxic cancer cells that survive treatment can trigger tumour regrowth after treatment has ended. Tumour-associated macrophages are attractive vehicles for drug delivery because they localise in hypoxic areas of the tumour. In this paper, we derive a mathematical model for the infiltration of an in vitro tumour spheroid by macrophages that have been engineered to release an oncolytic adenovirus under hypoxic conditions. We use this model to predict the efficacy of treatment schedules in which radiotherapy and the engineered macrophages are given in combination. Our work suggests that engineered macrophages should be introduced immediately after radiotherapy for maximum treatment efficacy. Our model provides a framework that may guide future experiments to determine how multiple rounds of radiotherapy and macrophage virotherapy should be coordinated to maximise therapeutic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Boemo
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, United Kingdom.
| | - Helen M Byrne
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Andrew Wiles Building, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, United Kingdom.
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52
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Structure-activity relationship study of hypoxia-activated prodrugs for proteoglycan-targeted chemotherapy in chondrosarcoma. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 158:51-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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53
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Liu M, Wang L, Zheng X, Liu S, Xie Z. Hypoxia-Triggered Nanoscale Metal-Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Anticancer Activity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:24638-24647. [PMID: 29957930 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b07570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen-dependent feature of most photosensitizers (PSs) and the aggravated hypoxia tumor microenvironment seriously impede the photodynamic therapy (PDT) effectiveness. However, this undesirable impediment can be utilized to further trigger the activation of hypoxia-sensitive prodrugs. Moreover, a combined therapy can be used by associating PDT with hypoxia-activated chemotherapy. Herein, a multifunctional Hf-porphyrin nanoscale metal-organic framework (NMOF) platform [Hf/tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphine (TCPP)] has been synthesized, with a high porphyrin loading capacity and a well-ordered coordination array preventing porphyrin self-quenching, thus greatly improving the generation efficiency of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is helpful for PDT. As-synthesized Hf-TCPP nanoparticles possess more than 50 wt % of TCPP PS content, good crystallization, and a large Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface for further loading the hypoxia-activated prodrug [tirapazamine (TPZ)] in a high-loading content. Additionally, subsequent surface modification with a dopamine-derived polymer (DOPA-PIMA-mPEG) significantly improves their dispersibility and structural stability, and the controlled release kinetics of TPZ. Such a nanoplatform can efficiently produce ROS for PDT upon irradiation, and also the depletion of the oxygen could further aggravate the hypoxic environment of tumors to induce the activation of TPZ for achieving an enhanced treatment efficacy. This work demonstrates the great advantages of an NMOF-based platform in antitumor therapies for combined PDT and hypoxia-activated chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , P. R. China
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Shi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , P. R. China
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54
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Zhang R, Feng L, Dong Z, Wang L, Liang C, Chen J, Ma Q, Zhang R, Chen Q, Wang Y, Liu Z. Glucose & oxygen exhausting liposomes for combined cancer starvation and hypoxia-activated therapy. Biomaterials 2018; 162:123-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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55
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He H, Zhu R, Sun W, Cai K, Chen Y, Yin L. Selective cancer treatment via photodynamic sensitization of hypoxia-responsive drug delivery. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:2856-2865. [PMID: 29364314 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr07677k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The precise and selective delivery of chemodrugs into tumors represents a critical requirement for anti-cancer therapy. Intelligent delivery systems that are responsive to a single internal or external stimulus often lack sufficient cancer selectivity, which compromises the drug efficacy and induces undesired side effects. To overcome this dilemma, we herein report a cancer-targeting vehicle which allows highly cancer-selective drug release in response to cascaded external (light) and internal (hypoxia) dual triggers. In particular, doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded, hypoxia-dissociable nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared from self-assembled polyethylenimine-nitroimidazole (PEI-NI) micelles that were further co-assembled with hyaluronic acid-Ce6 (HC). Upon accumulation in tumor cells, tumor site-specific light irradiation (660 nm, 10 mW cm-2) generated high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and greatly enhanced the hypoxic levels to induce NP dissociation and accordingly DOX release. A synergistic anti-cancer efficacy between DOX-mediated chemotherapy and Ce6-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) was thus achieved, resulting in reduced side effects to normal tissues/cells. This study therefore provides an effective method to control the cancer-specific drug delivery by responding to cascaded multiple triggers, and it renders promising applications for the programmed combination of chemotherapy and PDT toward cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science & Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China.
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56
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Song P, Yao X, Zhong T, Zhang S, Guo Y, Ren W, Huang D, Duan XC, Yin YF, Zhang SS, Zhang X. The anti-tumor efficacy of 3-(2-Nitrophenyl) propionic acid-paclitaxel (NPPA-PTX): a novel paclitaxel bioreductive prodrug. Oncotarget 2018; 7:48467-48480. [PMID: 27366947 PMCID: PMC5217032 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is an important microenvironmental pressure present in the majority of solid tumors and, so, tumor hypoxia might be considered an attractive target for tumor therapy. One strategy for targeting hypoxia is to develop bioreductive prodrugs. In the present research, we synthesized a bioreductive paclitaxel prodrug, 3-(2-Nitrophenyl) propionic acid-paclitaxel (NPPA-PTX). The stability of NPPA-PTX in PBS and rat plasma was investigated. The anti-tumor activity of NPPA-PTX was also evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The results of our stability study indicated that NPPA-PTX was stable in PBS and rat plasma as well as in the blood circulation. The in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor activity of NPPA-PTX was confirmed in both KB cells and MDA-MB-231 cells. Our results also indicated that NPPA-PTX could completely convert to active PTX in tumor tissues and produced the anti-tumor activity in both KB and MDA-MB-231 tumor-bearing nude mice. We suggest that the dissociated PTX which converted from NPPA-PTX in tumor tissues played a key role in producing anti-tumor activity. Considering all our results, we suggest that NPPA-PTX is a novel bioreductive PTX prodrug which could undergo further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Song
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ting Zhong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiao-Chuan Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yi-Fan Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shu-Shi Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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57
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Yang X, Li Z, Jiang T, Du L, Li M. A coelenterazine-type bioluminescent probe for nitroreductase imaging. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:146-151. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02618h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Novel coelenterazine-type bioluminescent probes have been designed and synthesized to detect nitroreductase (NTR) in hypoxic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingye Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE)
- School of Pharmacy
- Shandong University
- Jinan
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE)
- School of Pharmacy
- Shandong University
- Jinan
| | - Tianyu Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE)
- School of Pharmacy
- Shandong University
- Jinan
| | - Lupei Du
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE)
- School of Pharmacy
- Shandong University
- Jinan
| | - Minyong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE)
- School of Pharmacy
- Shandong University
- Jinan
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58
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Li S, Jiang X, Zheng R, Zuo S, Zhao L, Fan G, Fan J, Liao Y, Yu X, Cheng H. An azobenzene-based heteromeric prodrug for hypoxia-activated chemotherapy by regulating subcellular localization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:7983-7986. [PMID: 29963672 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc03430c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An azobenzene-based heteromeric prodrug (hNDP) was prepared for tumor targeted chemotherapy by regulating subcellular localization.
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59
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Mistry IN, Thomas M, Calder EDD, Conway SJ, Hammond EM. Clinical Advances of Hypoxia-Activated Prodrugs in Combination With Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017; 98:1183-1196. [PMID: 28721903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing incidence of cancer worldwide, the need for specific, effective therapies is ever more urgent. One example of targeted cancer therapeutics is hypoxia-activated prodrugs (HAPs), also known as bioreductive prodrugs. These prodrugs are inactive in cells with normal oxygen levels but in hypoxic cells (with low oxygen levels) undergo chemical reduction to the active compound. Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors and is associated with a more aggressive phenotype and resistance to all modes of therapy. Therefore, the combination of radiation therapy and bioreductive drugs presents an attractive opportunity for synergistic effects, because the HAP targets the radiation-resistant hypoxic cells. Hypoxia-activated prodrugs have typically been precursors of DNA-damaging agents, but a new generation of molecularly targeted HAPs is emerging. By targeting proteins associated with tumorigenesis and survival, these compounds may result in greater selectivity over healthy tissue. We review the clinical progress of HAPs as adjuncts to radiation therapy and conclude that the use of HAPs alongside radiation is vastly underexplored at the clinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishna N Mistry
- Cancer Research UK/Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Thomas
- Cancer Research UK/Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ewen D D Calder
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart J Conway
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ester M Hammond
- Cancer Research UK/Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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60
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Jahanban-Esfahlan R, de la Guardia M, Ahmadi D, Yousefi B. Modulating tumor hypoxia by nanomedicine for effective cancer therapy. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:2019-2031. [PMID: 28198007 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia, a characteristic feature of tumors, is indispensable to tumor angiogenesis, metastasis, and multi drug resistance. Hypoxic avascular regions, deeply embedded inside the tumors significantly hinder delivery of therapeutic agents. The low oxygen tension results in resistance to the current applied anti-cancer therapeutics including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and photodynamic therapy, the efficacy of which is firmly tied to the level of tumor oxygen supply. However, emerging data indicate that nanocarriers/nanodrugs can offer substantial benefits to improve the efficacy of current therapeutics, through modulation of tumor hypoxia. This review aims to introduce the most recent advances made in nanocarrier mediated targeting of tumor hypoxia. The first part is dedicated to the approaches by which nanocarriers could be designed to target/leverage hypoxia. These approaches include i) inhibiting Hypoxia Inducer Factor (HIF-1α); ii) hypoxia activated prodrugs/linkers; and iii) obligate anaerobe mediated targeting of tumor hypoxia. The second part, details novel nanosystems proposed to modulate tumor hypoxia through tumor oxygenation. These methods seek to lessen tumor hypoxia through vascular normalization, or reoxygenation therapy. The reoxygenation of tumor could be accomplished by: i) generation of oxygen filled nanocarriers; ii) natural/artificial oxygen nanocarriers; and iii) oxygen generators. The efficacy of each approach and their potential in cancer therapy is further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Jahanban-Esfahlan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Delshad Ahmadi
- Students Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Molecular Targeting Therapy Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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61
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Liu JN, Bu W, Shi J. Chemical Design and Synthesis of Functionalized Probes for Imaging and Treating Tumor Hypoxia. Chem Rev 2017; 117:6160-6224. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 556] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-nan Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P.R. China
| | - Wenbo Bu
- State
Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P.R. China
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Jianlin Shi
- State
Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P.R. China
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62
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Winn BA, Shi Z, Carlson GJ, Wang Y, Nguyen BL, Kelly EM, Ross RD, Hamel E, Chaplin DJ, Trawick ML, Pinney KG. Bioreductively activatable prodrug conjugates of phenstatin designed to target tumor hypoxia. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:636-641. [PMID: 28007448 PMCID: PMC5319644 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.11.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A variety of solid tumor cancers contain significant regions of hypoxia, which provide unique challenges for targeting by potent anticancer agents. Bioreductively activatable prodrug conjugates (BAPCs) represent a promising strategy for therapeutic intervention. BAPCs are designed to be biologically inert until they come into contact with low oxygen tension, at which point reductase enzyme mediated cleavage releases the parent anticancer agent in a tumor-specific manner. Phenstatin is a potent inhibitor of tubulin polymerization, mimicking the chemical structure and biological activity of the natural product combretastatin A-4. Synthetic approaches have been established for nitrobenzyl, nitroimidazole, nitrofuranyl, and nitrothienyl prodrugs of phenstatin incorporating nor-methyl, mono-methyl, and gem-dimethyl variants of the attached nitro compounds. A series of BAPCs based on phenstatin have been prepared by chemical synthesis and evaluated against the tubulin-microtubule protein system. In a preliminary study using anaerobic conditions, the gem-dimethyl nitrothiophene and gem-dimethyl nitrofuran analogues were shown to undergo efficient enzymatic cleavage in the presence of NADPH cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase. Each of the eleven BAPCs evaluated in this study demonstrated significantly reduced inhibitory activity against tubulin in comparison to the parent anti-cancer agent phenstatin (IC50=1.0μM). In fact, the majority of the BAPCs (seven of the eleven analogues) were not inhibitors of tubulin polymerization (IC50>20μM), which represents an anticipated (and desirable) attribute for these prodrugs, since they are intended to be biologically inactive prior to enzyme-mediated cleavage to release phenstatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake A Winn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798-7348, United States
| | - Zhe Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798-7348, United States
| | - Graham J Carlson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798-7348, United States
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798-7348, United States
| | - Benson L Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798-7348, United States
| | - Evan M Kelly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798-7348, United States
| | - R David Ross
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798-7348, United States
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - David J Chaplin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798-7348, United States; Mateon Therapeutics, Inc., 701 Gateway Boulevard, Suite 210, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Mary L Trawick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798-7348, United States.
| | - Kevin G Pinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798-7348, United States.
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63
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Feng L, Cheng L, Dong Z, Tao D, Barnhart TE, Cai W, Chen M, Liu Z. Theranostic Liposomes with Hypoxia-Activated Prodrug to Effectively Destruct Hypoxic Tumors Post-Photodynamic Therapy. ACS NANO 2017; 11:927-937. [PMID: 28027442 PMCID: PMC5372701 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a noninvasive cancer therapeutic method triggered by light, would lead to severe tumor hypoxia after treatment. Utilizing a hypoxia-activated prodrug, AQ4N, which only shows toxicity to cancer cells under hypoxic environment, herein, a multipurpose liposome is prepared by encapsulating hydrophilic AQ4N and hydrophobic hexadecylamine conjugated chlorin e6 (hCe6), a photosensitizer, into its aqueous cavity and hydrophobic bilayer, respectively. After chelating a 64Cu isotope with Ce6, the obtained AQ4N-64Cu-hCe6-liposome is demonstrated to be an effective imaging probe for in vivo positron emission tomography, which together with in vivo fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging uncovers efficient passive homing of those liposomes after intravenous injection. After being irradiated with the 660 nm light-emitting diode light, the tumor bearing mice with injection of AQ4N-hCe6-liposome show severe tumor hypoxia, which in turn would trigger activation of AQ4N, and finally contributes to remarkably improved cancer treatment outcomes via sequential PDT and hypoxia-activated chemotherapy. This work highlights a liposome-based theranostic nanomedicine that could utilize tumor hypoxia, a side effect of PDT, to trigger chemotherapy, resulting in greatly improved efficacy compared to conventional cancer PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangzhu Feng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Ziliang Dong
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Danlei Tao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Todd E. Barnhart
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Corresponding Authors: . .
| | - Meiwan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
- Corresponding Authors: . .
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Corresponding Authors: . .
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64
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Lee LCC, Leung KK, Lo KKW. Recent development of luminescent rhenium(i) tricarbonyl polypyridine complexes as cellular imaging reagents, anticancer drugs, and antibacterial agents. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:16357-16380. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03465b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This Perspective summarizes recent advances in the biological applications of luminescent rhenium(i) tricarbonyl polypyridine complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kam-Keung Leung
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
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65
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Jia Y, Weng Z, Wang C, Zhu M, Lu Y, Ding L, Wang Y, Cheng X, Lin Q, Wu K. Increased chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity of human breast cancer cell lines treated with novel functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:206-214. [PMID: 28123543 PMCID: PMC5245142 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a major cause of treatment resistance in breast cancer. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) exhibit unique properties that make them promising candidates for breast cancer treatment. In the present study, a new functionalized single-walled carbon nanotube carrying oxygen was synthesized; it was determined whether this material could increase chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity of human breast cancer cell lines, and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. MDA-MB-231 cells growing in folic acid (FA) free medium, MDA-MB-231 cells growing in medium containing FA and ZR-75-1 cells were treated with chemotherapy drugs or radiotherapy with or without tombarthite-modified-FA-chitosan (R-O2-FA-CHI)-SWCNTs under hypoxic conditions, and the cell viability was determined by water-soluble tetrazolium salts-1 assay. The cell surviving fractions were determined by colony forming assay. Cell apoptosis induction was monitored by flow cytometry. Expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), survivin, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF-1α), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP-1), P-glycoprotein (P-gp), RAD51 and Ku80 was monitored by western blotting. The novel synthesized R-O2-FA-CHI-SWCNTs were able to significantly enhance the chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity of human breast cancer cell lines and the material exhibited its expected function by downregulating the expression of Bcl-2, survivin, HIF-1α, P-gp, MRP-1, RAD51 and Ku80.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Jia
- Department of General Surgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Ziyi Weng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai International Medical Center, Shanghai 201318, P.R. China
| | - Chuanying Wang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Mingjie Zhu
- Department of Pathology, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Yunshu Lu
- Department of General Surgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Longlong Ding
- Department of General Surgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Yongkun Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Xianhua Cheng
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Qing Lin
- Department of Radiology, Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Kejin Wu
- Department of General Surgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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66
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Manoochehri Khoshinani H, Afshar S, Najafi R. Hypoxia: A Double-Edged Sword in Cancer Therapy. Cancer Invest 2016; 34:536-545. [PMID: 27824512 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2016.1245317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common feature of malignant tumors. There is an interactive connection between hypoxia and chemoresistance, radioresistance, invasiveness, and angiogenesis. Therefore, tumor hypoxia has been considered as a validated target for treating cancer. This review focuses on the role of hypoxia on chemoresistance and radioresistance. In addition, we address several approaches targeting tumor hypoxia, known as hypoxia-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeid Afshar
- a Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
| | - Rezvan Najafi
- a Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan , Iran
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67
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Lindsay D, Garvey CM, Mumenthaler SM, Foo J. Leveraging Hypoxia-Activated Prodrugs to Prevent Drug Resistance in Solid Tumors. PLoS Comput Biol 2016; 12:e1005077. [PMID: 27560187 PMCID: PMC4999195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental studies have shown that one key factor in driving the emergence of drug resistance in solid tumors is tumor hypoxia, which leads to the formation of localized environmental niches where drug-resistant cell populations can evolve and survive. Hypoxia-activated prodrugs (HAPs) are compounds designed to penetrate to hypoxic regions of a tumor and release cytotoxic or cytostatic agents; several of these HAPs are currently in clinical trial. However, preliminary results have not shown a survival benefit in several of these trials. We hypothesize that the efficacy of treatments involving these prodrugs depends heavily on identifying the correct treatment schedule, and that mathematical modeling can be used to help design potential therapeutic strategies combining HAPs with standard therapies to achieve long-term tumor control or eradication. We develop this framework in the specific context of EGFR-driven non-small cell lung cancer, which is commonly treated with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib. We develop a stochastic mathematical model, parametrized using clinical and experimental data, to explore a spectrum of treatment regimens combining a HAP, evofosfamide, with erlotinib. We design combination toxicity constraint models and optimize treatment strategies over the space of tolerated schedules to identify specific combination schedules that lead to optimal tumor control. We find that (i) combining these therapies delays resistance longer than any monotherapy schedule with either evofosfamide or erlotinib alone, (ii) sequentially alternating single doses of each drug leads to minimal tumor burden and maximal reduction in probability of developing resistance, and (iii) strategies minimizing the length of time after an evofosfamide dose and before erlotinib confer further benefits in reduction of tumor burden. These results provide insights into how hypoxia-activated prodrugs may be used to enhance therapeutic effectiveness in the clinic. It has been suggested that one key factor driving the emergence of drug resistance is the spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of drug and oxygen throughout a tumor due to disorganized tumor vasculatures. Researchers have developed a class of novel drugs that penetrate to hypoxic regions where they are activated to kill tumor cells. The inclusion of these drugs, called hypoxia-activated prodrugs (HAPs) alongside standard therapies in combination may be the key to long-term tumor control or eradication. However, identifying the right timing and administration sequence of combination therapies is an extremely difficult task, and the time and human costs of clinical trials to investigate even a few options is often prohibitive. In this work we design a mathematical model based upon evolutionary principles to investigate the potential of combining HAPs with standard targeted therapy for a specific example in non-small cell lung cancer. We formulate novel toxicity constraints from existing clinical data to estimate the shape of the tolerated drug combination treatment space. We find that (i) combining these therapies delays resistance longer than any monotherapy schedule with either evofosfamide or erlotinib alone, and (ii) the best strategy for combination involves single doses of each drug sequentially administered in an alternating sequence. These model predictions of tumor dynamics during treatment provide insight into the role of the tumor microenvironment in combination therapy and identify treatment hypotheses for further experimental and clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danika Lindsay
- School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Colleen M. Garvey
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Shannon M. Mumenthaler
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SMM); (JF)
| | - Jasmine Foo
- School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SMM); (JF)
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68
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Laurens E, Yeoh SD, Rigopoulos A, O'Keefe GJ, Tochon-Danguy HJ, Chong LW, White JM, Scott AM, Ackermann U. Fluorine-18 radiolabeling of a nitrophenyl sulfoxide and its evaluation in an SK-RC-52 model of tumor hypoxia. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2016; 59:416-23. [PMID: 27435268 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The significance of imaging hypoxia with the positron emission tomography ligand [(18) F]FMISO has been demonstrated in a variety of cancers. However, the slow kinetics of [(18) F]FMISO require a 2-h delay between tracer administration and patient scanning. Labeled chloroethyl sulfoxides have shown faster kinetics and higher contrast than [(18) F]FMISO in a rat model of ischemic stroke. However, these nitrogen mustard analogues are unsuitable for routine production and use in humans. Here, we report on the synthesis and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a novel sulfoxide, which contains an ester moiety for hydrolysis and subsequent trapping in hypoxic cells. Non-decay corrected yields of radioactivity were 1.18 ± 0.24% (n = 27, 2.5 ± 0.5% decay corrected radiochemical yield) based on K[(18) F]F. The radiotracer did not show any defluorination and did not undergo metabolism in an in vitro assay using S9 liver fractions. Imaging studies using an SK-RC-52 tumor model in BALB/c nude mice have revealed that [(18) F]1 is retained in hypoxic tumors and has similar hypoxia selectivity to [(18) F]FMISO. Because of a three times faster clearance rate than [(18) F]FMISO from normoxic tissue, [(18) F]1 has emerged as a promising new radiotracer for hypoxia imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Laurens
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shinn Dee Yeoh
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Graeme J O'Keefe
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Henri J Tochon-Danguy
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lee Wenn Chong
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jonathan M White
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew M Scott
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Uwe Ackermann
- Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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69
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Wigerup C, Påhlman S, Bexell D. Therapeutic targeting of hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors in cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 164:152-69. [PMID: 27139518 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 441] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Insufficient tissue oxygenation, or hypoxia, contributes to tumor aggressiveness and has a profound impact on clinical outcomes in cancer patients. At decreased oxygen tensions, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) 1 and 2 are stabilized and mediate a hypoxic response, primarily by acting as transcription factors. HIFs exert differential effects on tumor growth and affect important cancer hallmarks including cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, vascularization/angiogenesis, genetic instability, tumor metabolism, tumor immune responses, and invasion and metastasis. As a consequence, HIFs mediate resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy and are associated with poor prognosis in cancer patients. Intriguingly, perivascular tumor cells can also express HIF-2α, thereby forming a "pseudohypoxic" phenotype that further contributes to tumor aggressiveness. Therefore, therapeutic targeting of HIFs in cancer has the potential to improve treatment efficacy. Different strategies to target hypoxic cancer cells and/or HIFs include hypoxia-activated prodrugs and inhibition of HIF dimerization, mRNA or protein expression, DNA binding capacity, and transcriptional activity. Here we review the functions of HIFs in the progression and treatment of malignant solid tumors. We also highlight how HIFs may be targeted to improve the management of patients with therapy-resistant and metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Wigerup
- Translational Cancer Research, Medicon Village 404:C3, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sven Påhlman
- Translational Cancer Research, Medicon Village 404:C3, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Daniel Bexell
- Translational Cancer Research, Medicon Village 404:C3, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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70
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Rouault-Pierre K, Hamilton A, Bonnet D. Effect of hypoxia-inducible factors in normal and leukemic stem cell regulation and their potential therapeutic impact. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2016; 16:463-76. [PMID: 26679619 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2016.1133582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypoxia inducible factors (HIF-1α and HIF-2α) are the main mediators of hypoxic responses that operate in both normal and pathological conditions. Recent evidence indicates that HIF-1α and HIF-2α could have overlapping, unique and even sometimes opposing activities in both normal physiology and disease. Despite an increase in our understanding of the different pathways regulated by HIF-1α and HIF-2α, the role played by each factor in HSC maintenance and leukemogenesis is still controversial. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes our current understanding of HIF-1α and HIF-2α activities and discusses the implications and challenges of using HIF inhibitors therapeutically in blood malignancies. EXPERT OPINION As HIF inhibitors are currently under clinical evaluation in different cancers, including hematological malignancies, a more thorough understanding of the unique roles performed by HIF-1α and HIF-2α in human neoplasia is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Rouault-Pierre
- a Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory , The Francis Crick Institute , London , UK
| | - Ashley Hamilton
- a Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory , The Francis Crick Institute , London , UK
| | - Dominique Bonnet
- a Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory , The Francis Crick Institute , London , UK
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71
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North AJ, Hayne DJ, Schieber C, Price K, White AR, Crouch PJ, Rigopoulos A, O'Keefe GJ, Tochon-Danguy H, Scott AM, White JM, Ackermann U, Donnelly PS. Toward hypoxia-selective rhenium and technetium tricarbonyl complexes. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:9594-610. [PMID: 26375592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
With the aim of preparing hypoxia-selective imaging and therapeutic agents, technetium(I) and rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes with pyridylhydrazone, dipyridylamine, and pyridylaminocarboxylate ligands containing nitrobenzyl or nitroimidazole functional groups have been prepared. The rhenium tricarbonyl complexes were synthesized with short reaction times using microwave irradiation. Rhenium tricarbonyl complexes with deprotonated p-nitrophenyl pyridylhydrazone ligands are luminescent, and this has been used to track their uptake in HeLa cells using confocal fluorescent microscopy. Selected rhenium tricarbonyl complexes displayed higher uptake in hypoxic cells when compared to normoxic cells. A (99m)Tc tricarbonyl complex with a dipyridylamine ligand bearing a nitroimidazole functional group is stable in human serum and was shown to localize in a human renal cell carcinoma (RCC; SK-RC-52) tumor in a mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Angela Rigopoulos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research , Melbourne-Austin Branch, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
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72
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Siemann DW, Horsman MR. Modulation of the tumor vasculature and oxygenation to improve therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 153:107-24. [PMID: 26073310 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is increasingly recognized as a major factor influencing the success of therapeutic treatments and has become a key focus for cancer research. The progressive growth of a tumor results in an inability of normal tissue blood vessels to oxygenate and provide sufficient nutritional support to tumor cells. As a consequence the expanding neoplastic cell population initiates its own vascular network which is both structurally and functionally abnormal. This aberrant vasculature impacts all aspects of the tumor microenvironment including the cells, extracellular matrix, and extracellular molecules which together are essential for the initiation, progression and spread of tumor cells. The physical conditions that arise are imposing and manifold, and include elevated interstitial pressure, localized extracellular acidity, and regions of oxygen and nutrient deprivation. No less important are the functional consequences experienced by the tumor cells residing in such environments: adaptation to hypoxia, cell quiescence, modulation of transporters and critical signaling molecules, immune escape, and enhanced metastatic potential. Together these factors lead to therapeutic barriers that create a significant hindrance to the control of cancers by conventional anticancer therapies. However, the aberrant nature of the tumor microenvironments also offers unique therapeutic opportunities. Particularly interventions that seek to improve tumor physiology and alleviate tumor hypoxia will selectively impair the neoplastic cell populations residing in these environments. Ultimately, by combining such therapeutic strategies with conventional anticancer treatments it may be possible to bring cancer growth, invasion, and metastasis to a halt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar W Siemann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Michael R Horsman
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital-NBG, Aarhus, Denmark
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73
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Farmanzadeh D, Najafi M. Benzimidazole derivatives as anticancer drugs: A theoretical investigation. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633615500182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study the anticancer properties of a series of benzimidazole drugs 1–9 and their interactions with DNA base pairs were investigated. The obtained theoretical results for anticancer activity of synthesized drugs 1–5 were compared to corresponding published experimental results. Based on theoretical and published experimental anticancer scales, drugs 2 and 4 have higher anticancer activity among drugs 1–5. Obtained results reveal that interactions of studied drugs with DNA base pairs are energetically favorable and solvent and electric field (EF) increase the binding energies in comparison to gas phase. The binding energies of drugs 2, 5 and 4 with DNA base pairs are more negative than corresponding values for drug 1. We propose the novel drugs 6–9 to synthesize with higher anticancer activity. Results show that binding energies of novel drugs 6–9 were more negative than drugs 1–5. Finally, results show that chemical potential, electrophilicity and global hardness can be considered as admissible theoretical anticancer indexes for studied benzimidazole drugs 1–9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Farmanzadeh
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar 47416-95447, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Meysam Najafi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar 47416-95447, Islamic Republic of Iran
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74
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Błaszczak-Świątkiewicz K, Mikiciuk-Olasik E. Some characteristics of activity of potential chemotherapeutics--benzimidazole derivatives. Adv Med Sci 2015; 60:125-32. [PMID: 25725479 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the biological activity of some benzimidazoles and benzimidazole-4,7-diones was compared. These two groups of compounds were evaluated as potential chemotherapeutics and their characteristic relationship structure to biological activity was discussed. The authors compared their effect into the cytotoxic, apoptosis and DNA destruction approach. Their cytotoxic effect on the human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells line was determined by WST-1 test. Next the cytotoxic way of tumor cells death was determined by caspase 3/7 test. The last point referred to the DNA destruction of A549 cells and test in situ DNA Assay Kit was applied. Two of the examined compounds (B2 and D2) show a very good correlation of the cytotoxic effect normoxia to hypoxia and they have been found as the potential agents of the DNA damage. The most cytotoxic feature possesses N-oxide benzimidazole derivatives (D and B groups). The screening test of the DNA damage established that N-oxide benzimidazole derivatives (D and B groups) can be more potent as the hypoxia-selective agents for tumor cells than benzimidazole derivatives (A and C groups). Additionally, the test of the caspase-dependent apoptosis proved that the exposure of benzimidazole-4,7-diones against A549 cells, especially in hypoxia, promotes apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elżbieta Mikiciuk-Olasik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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75
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Wellington KW. Understanding cancer and the anticancer activities of naphthoquinones – a review. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13547d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Naphthoquinone moieties are present in drugs such as doxorubicin which are used clinically to treat solid cancers.
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76
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Biological evaluation of the activity of some benzimidazole-4,7-dione derivatives. Molecules 2014; 19:15361-73. [PMID: 25264827 PMCID: PMC6271954 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191015361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The study presented here is a follow up of the authors’ interest in the approach to selective and cytotoxic bioreductive anticancer prodrugs. The current work is devoted to explore both the biological activity of some previously obtained compounds and the search for an explanation of their target(s) in hypoxic pathways. In this work the biological activity of some benzimidazole-4,7-diones was evaluated. These compounds were examined as potential bioreductive agents specific for the hypoxic environment found in tumor cells. The main aim was concerned with establishing their cytotoxic properties by using proliferation, apoptosis and DNA destruction tests on selected tumor cells. Their cytotoxic effects on two tumor cell lines (human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells line and human malignant melanoma WM115) was compared by means of a WST-1 test. Next, the mode of cytotoxicity behind the selected tumor cells’ death was determined by the caspase 3/7 test. The last point referred to the DNA destruction of A549 and WM115 cells and the in situ DNA Assay Kit test was applied. The cytotoxic tests confirmed their activity against the tumor cells and target hypoxia (compounds 2b, 2a, 2d). The screening test of the caspase-dependent apoptosis proved that the exposure of the tested tumor cells in hypoxia to these benzimidazole-4,7-diones promoted the apoptotic cell death. Additionally, the DNA damage test established that benzimidazole-4,7-diones can be potential hypoxia-selective agents for tumor cells, especially compound 2b. All results classify the tested benzimidazole-4,7-diones as promising, lead molecules and provide a rationale for further molecular studies to explain their usefulness as potential inhibitors of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1).
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77
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Guise CP, Mowday AM, Ashoorzadeh A, Yuan R, Lin WH, Wu DH, Smaill JB, Patterson AV, Ding K. Bioreductive prodrugs as cancer therapeutics: targeting tumor hypoxia. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2014; 33:80-6. [PMID: 23845143 PMCID: PMC3935009 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.012.10285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia, a state of low oxygen, is a common feature of solid tumors and is associated with disease progression as well as resistance to radiotherapy and certain chemotherapeutic drugs. Hypoxic regions in tumors, therefore, represent attractive targets for cancer therapy. To date, five distinct classes of bioreactive prodrugs have been developed to target hypoxic cells in solid tumors. These hypoxia-activated prodrugs, including nitro compounds, N-oxides, quinones, and metal complexes, generally share a common mechanism of activation whereby they are reduced by intracellular oxidoreductases in an oxygen-sensitive manner to form cytotoxins. Several examples including PR-104, TH-302, and EO9 are currently undergoing phase II and phase III clinical evaluation. In this review, we discuss the nature of tumor hypoxia as a therapeutic target, focusing on the development of bioreductive prodrugs. We also describe the current knowledge of how each prodrug class is activated and detail the clinical progress of leading examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Guise
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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78
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Synthesis, anticancer activity and UPLC analysis of the stability of some new benzimidazole-4,7-dione derivatives. Molecules 2013; 19:400-13. [PMID: 24384922 PMCID: PMC6271476 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19010400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a sensitive analytical method to study the stability of two new series of synthesized heterocyclic compounds, the benzimidazole-4,7-diones 5 and N-oxide benzimidazole-4,7-dione derivatives 6 was established and validated. These derivatives were developed as potential anticancer substances to be activated under hypoxic conditions. At this point we were concerned with establishing their stability in some specific environments for further biological studies. For that, we developed and validated an RP-UPLC method. Next, selected compounds were tested in vitro for possible anticancer activity. Their effect on A549 tumour cell lines under normoxia and hypoxia conditions was determined by a WST-1 test. Four of the examined compounds (compounds 5a–c and 6c) showed very good antiproliferative effects and three of them (compounds 6a, 6b and 6d) were specific for hypoxia conditions. The hypoxia/normoxia cytotoxic coefficient of compound 6b is close to that of tirapazamine—a reference compound in our experiments—and this parameter locates it between mitomycin C and 2-nitroimidazole (misonidazole).
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79
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Wierzchowski M, Sobotta L, Skupin-Mrugalska P, Kruk J, Jusiak W, Yee M, Konopka K, Düzgüneş N, Tykarska E, Gdaniec M, Mielcarek J, Goslinski T. Phthalocyanines functionalized with 2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazolylethoxy and 1,4,7-trioxanonyl moieties and the effect of metronidazole substitution on photocytotoxicity. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 127:62-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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80
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Lin Q, Bao C, Yang Y, Liang Q, Zhang D, Cheng S, Zhu L. Highly discriminating photorelease of anticancer drugs based on hypoxia activatable phototrigger conjugated chitosan nanoparticles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:1981-1986. [PMID: 23401259 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201204455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Revised: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An ultimately selective photorelease system of chitosan-nanoparticles is constructed. Only under unique aspects of tumor-hypoxia physiological conditions, the preliminary locked phototrigger is unlocked by biological reduction to enable the release of the caged drug either by visible light or two-photon near-IR (NIR) excitation. This approach provides a highly discriminating photorelease of anticancer drug to hypoxic tumor cells, but not to healthy normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuning Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional, Materials Chemistry, Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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81
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Li Z, Li X, Gao X, Zhang Y, Shi W, Ma H. Nitroreductase detection and hypoxic tumor cell imaging by a designed sensitive and selective fluorescent probe, 7-[(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methoxy]-3H-phenoxazin-3-one. Anal Chem 2013; 85:3926-32. [PMID: 23506563 DOI: 10.1021/ac400750r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A highly selective and sensitive fluorescence probe, 7-[(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methoxy]-3H-phenoxazin-3-one (1), is developed for imaging the hypoxic status of tumor cells via the indirect detection of nitroreductase. The detection mechanism is based on the fact that nitroreductase can selectively catalyze the reduction of the nitro group in 1 to a hydroxylamine or amino group in the presence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide as an electron donor that is indispensable, followed by the 1,6-rearrangement-elimination and the release of resorufin. As a result, the reaction produces a distinct color and fluorescence change from almost colorless and nonfluorescent to pink and strong red fluorescence. The fluorescence increase of probe 1 at λ(550/585 nm) is directly proportional to the concentration of nitroreductase in the range of 15-300 ng/mL, with a detection limit of 0.27 ng/mL. The ready reduction of the nitro group in 1 under hypoxic conditions leads to the establishment of a sensitive and selective fluorescence method for imaging the hypoxic status of tumor cells, and with this method Hela and A549 cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions (even for different extents of hypoxia) can be differentiated successfully. This method is simple and may be useful for the imaging of disease-relevant hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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82
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Lijewski S, Piskorz J, Kucinska M, Wierzchowski M, Czerniak K, Billert H, Murias M, Mielcarek J, Goslinski T. Synthesis, characterization, photochemical properties and cytotoxicity of the novel porphyrazine functionalized with nitroimidazolylbutylsulfanyl groups. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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83
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Bonnitcha PD, Kim BJ, Hocking RK, Clegg JK, Turner P, Neville SM, Hambley TW. Cobalt complexes with tripodal ligands: implications for the design of drug chaperones. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:11293-304. [PMID: 22885674 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt30727h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research is currently being conducted into metal complexes that can selectively deliver cytotoxins to hypoxic regions in tumours. The development of pharmacologically suitable agents requires an understanding of appropriate ligand-metal systems for chaperoning cytotoxins. In this study, cobalt complexes with tripodal tren (tris-(2-aminoethyl)amine) and tpa (tris-(2-pyridylmethyl)amine) ligands were prepared with ancillary hydroxamic acid, β-diketone and catechol ligands and several parameters, including: pK(a), reduction potential and cytotoxicity were investigated. Fluorescence studies demonstrated that only tpa complexes with β-diketones showed any reduction by ascorbate in situ and similarly, cellular cytotoxicity results demonstrated that ligation to cobalt masked the cytotoxicity of the ancillary groups in all complexes except the tpa diketone derivative [Co(naac)tpa](ClO(4))(2) (naac = 1-methyl-3-(2-naphthyl)propane-1,3-dione). Additionally, it was shown that the hydroxamic acid complexes could be isolated in both the hydroxamate and hydroximate form and the pK(a) values (5.3-8.5) reveal that the reversible protonation/deprotonation of the complexes occurs at physiologically relevant pHs. These results have clear implications for the future design of prodrugs using cobalt moieties as chaperones, providing a basis for the design of cobalt complexes that are both more readily reduced and more readily taken up by cells in hypoxic and acidic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Bonnitcha
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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84
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Laurens E, Yeoh SD, Rigopoulos A, Cao D, Cartwright GA, O'Keefe GJ, Tochon-Danguy HJ, White JM, Scott AM, Ackermann U. Radiolabelling and evaluation of novel haloethylsulfoxides as PET imaging agents for tumor hypoxia. Nucl Med Biol 2012; 39:871-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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85
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Gulaka PK, Rastogi U, McKay MA, Wang X, Mason RP, Kodibagkar VD. Hexamethyldisiloxane-based nanoprobes for (1) H MRI oximetry. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2011; 24:1226-1234. [PMID: 21412864 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 12/19/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative in vivo oximetry has been reported using (19) F MRI in conjunction with reporter molecules, such as perfluorocarbons, for tissue oxygenation (pO(2) ). Recently, hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) has been proposed as a promising alternative reporter molecule for (1) H MRI-based measurement of pO(2) . To aid biocompatibility for potential systemic administration, we prepared various nanoemulsion formulations using a wide range of HMDSO volume fractions and HMDSO to surfactant ratios. Calibration curves (R(1) versus pO(2) ) for all emulsion formulations were found to be linear and similar to neat HMDSO for low surfactant concentrations (<10% v/v). A small temperature dependence in the calibration curves was observed, similar to previous reports on neat HMDSO, and was characterized to be approximately 1 Torr/ °C under hypoxic conditions. To demonstrate application in vivo, 100 µL of this nanoemulsion was administered to healthy rat thigh muscle (Fisher 344, n=6). Dynamic changes in mean thigh tissue pO(2) were measured using the PISTOL (proton imaging of siloxanes to map tissue oxygenation levels) technique in response to oxygen challenge. Changing the inhaled gas to oxygen for 30 min increased the mean pO(2) significantly (p<0.001) from 39 ± 7 to 275 ± 27 Torr. When the breathing gas was switched back to air, the tissue pO(2) decreased to a mean value of 45 ± 6 Torr, not significantly different from baseline (p>0.05), in 25 min. A first-order exponential fit to this part of the pO(2) data (i.e. after oxygen challenge) yielded an oxygen consumption-related kinetic parameter k=0.21 ± 0.04 min(-1) . These results demonstrate the feasibility of using HMDSO nanoemulsions as nanoprobes of pO(2) and their utility to assess oxygen dynamics in vivo, further developing quantitative (1) H MRI oximetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen K Gulaka
- Joint Program in Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas & University of Texas at Arlington, TX, USA
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86
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Buarque CD, Militão GC, Lima DJ, Costa-Lotufo LV, Pessoa C, de Moraes MO, Cunha-Junior EF, Torres-Santos EC, Netto CD, Costa PR. Pterocarpanquinones, aza-pterocarpanquinone and derivatives: Synthesis, antineoplasic activity on human malignant cell lines and antileishmanial activity on Leishmania amazonensis. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:6885-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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87
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Błaszczak-Świątkiewicz K, Mikiciuk-Olasik E. APPLICATION OF HPLC METHOD FOR INVESTIGATION OF STABILITY OF NEW BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.582211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - E. Mikiciuk-Olasik
- a Departament of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis , Medical University , Łódź, Poland
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88
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Holpuch AS, Desai KGH, Schwendeman SP, Mallery SR. Optimizing therapeutic efficacy of chemopreventive agents: A critical review of delivery strategies in oral cancer chemoprevention clinical trials. J Carcinog 2011; 10:23. [PMID: 22013393 PMCID: PMC3190566 DOI: 10.4103/1477-3163.85185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its characterized progression from recognized premalignant oral epithelial changes (i.e., oral epithelial dysplasia) to invasive cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma represents an optimal disease for chemopreventive intervention prior to malignant transformation. The primary goal of oral cancer chemoprevention is to reverse, suppress, or inhibit the progression of premalignant lesions to cancer. Over the last several decades, numerous oral cancer chemoprevention clinical trials have assessed the therapeutic efficacy of diverse chemopreventive agents. The standard of care for more advanced oral dysplastic lesions entails surgical excision and close clinical follow-up due to the potential (~33%) for local recurrence at a similar or more advanced histological stage. The purpose of this review was to identify prominent oral cancer chemoprevention clinical trials, assess their overall therapeutic efficacy, and delineate effects of local versus systemic drug administration. In addition, these compiled clinical trial data present concepts for consideration in the design and conduction of future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Holpuch
- Division of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Pathology and Anesthesiology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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89
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Lavaggi ML, Cabrera M, Pintos C, Arredondo C, Pachón G, Rodríguez J, Raymondo S, Pacheco JP, Cascante M, Olea-Azar C, López de Ceráin A, Monge A, Cerecetto H, González M. Novel Phenazine 5,10-Dioxides Release OH in Simulated Hypoxia and Induce Reduction of Tumour Volume In Vivo. ISRN PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 2011:314209. [PMID: 22084710 PMCID: PMC3196961 DOI: 10.5402/2011/314209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Phenazine 5,10-dioxides (PDOs) are a new class of bioreductive cytotoxins, which could act towards tumours containing hypoxic regions. The PDOs selective-hypoxic bioreduction was probed in vitro; however, the mechanism of action has not been completely explained. Besides, PDOs in vivo antitumour activities have not been demonstrated hitherto. We study the mechanism of hypoxic/normoxic cytotoxicity of PDO representative members. Electron spin resonance is used to confirm (•)OH production, alkaline comet assay to determine genotoxicity, and gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry to analyze DNA fragmentation and cell cycle distribution. Chemically induced rat breast tumours are employed to evaluate in vivo activities. For the most selective cytotoxin, 7(8)-bromo-2-hydroxyphenazine 5,10-dioxide (PDO1), exclusive hypoxic (•)OH production is evidenced, while for the unselective ones, (•)OH is produced in both conditions (normoxia and simulated hypoxia). In normoxia (Caco-2 cells), PDO1 induces cell-cycle arrest and DNA fragmentation but does not significantly induce apoptosis neither at IC(50) nor IC(80). No difference in the comet-assay scores are observed in normoxia and simulated hypoxia being the unselective 2-amino-7(8)-bromophenazine 5,10-dioxide (PDO2) the most genotoxic. The in vivo efficacy with the absence of systemic toxicity of PDO1 and PDO2 is checked out. Results from this study highlight the potential of PDOs as new therapeutics for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- María L. Lavaggi
- Grupo de Química Medicinal, Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias-Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mauricio Cabrera
- Grupo de Química Medicinal, Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias-Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cristina Pintos
- Cátedra de Análisis Clínicos, Laboratorio Central—Hospital Maciel (Ministerio de Salud Pública), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 11200 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carolina Arredondo
- Departamento de Patobiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gisela Pachón
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of University of Barcelona (IBUB) and IDIBAPS, Unit Associated with CSIC, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, 83800005 Santiago, Chile
| | - Stella Raymondo
- Cátedra de Análisis Clínicos, Laboratorio Central—Hospital Maciel (Ministerio de Salud Pública), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 11200 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - José Pedro Pacheco
- Departamento de Patobiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marta Cascante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of University of Barcelona (IBUB) and IDIBAPS, Unit Associated with CSIC, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudio Olea-Azar
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, 83800005 Santiago, Chile
| | - Adela López de Ceráin
- Centro de Investigaciones en Farmacobiología Aplicada, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Antonio Monge
- Centro de Investigaciones en Farmacobiología Aplicada, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Hugo Cerecetto
- Grupo de Química Medicinal, Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias-Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mercedes González
- Grupo de Química Medicinal, Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias-Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
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90
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Impact of a low-oxygen environment on the efficacy of antimicrobials against intracellular Chlamydia trachomatis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55:2319-24. [PMID: 21321137 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01655-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Emergence of chronic inflammation in the urogenital tract induced by Chlamydia trachomatis infection in females is a long-standing concern. To avoid the severe sequelae of C. trachomatis infection, such as pelvic inflammatory diseases (PID), ectopic pregnancies, and tubal infertility, antibiotic strategies aim to eradicate the pathogen even in asymptomatic and uncomplicated infections. Although first-line antimicrobials have proven successful for the treatment of C. trachomatis infection, treatment failures have been observed in a notable number of cases. Due to the obligate intracellular growth of C. trachomatis, reliable antimicrobial susceptibility assays have to consider environmental conditions and host cell-specific factors. Oxygen concentrations in the female urogenital tract are physiologically low and decrease further during an inflammatory process. We compared MIC testing and time-kill curves (TKC) for doxycycline, azithromycin, rifampin, and moxifloxacin under hypoxia (2% O2) and normoxia (20% O2). While low oxygen availability only moderately decreased the antichlamydial activity of azithromycin in conventional MIC testing (0.08 μg/ml versus 0.04 μg/ml; P<0.05), TKC analyses revealed profound divergences for antibiotic efficacies between the two conditions. Thus, C. trachomatis was significantly less rapidly killed by doxycycline and azithromycin under hypoxia, whereas the efficacies of moxifloxacin and rifampin remained unaffected using concentrations at therapeutic serum levels. Chemical inhibition of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR-1), but not multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP-1), restored doxycycline activity against intracellular C. trachomatis under hypoxia. We suggest careful consideration of tissue-specific characteristics, including oxygen availability, when testing antimicrobial activities of antibiotics against intracellular bacteria.
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91
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Cui L, Zhong Y, Zhu W, Xu Y, Du Q, Wang X, Qian X, Xiao Y. A New Prodrug-Derived Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for Hypoxia: High Selectivity of Nitroreductase and Imaging in Tumor Cell. Org Lett 2011; 13:928-31. [DOI: 10.1021/ol102975t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China, and Dalian University of Technology (DLUT), Zhongshan Road 158, Dalian, China
| | - Ye Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China, and Dalian University of Technology (DLUT), Zhongshan Road 158, Dalian, China
| | - Weiping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China, and Dalian University of Technology (DLUT), Zhongshan Road 158, Dalian, China
| | - Yufang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China, and Dalian University of Technology (DLUT), Zhongshan Road 158, Dalian, China
| | - Qingshan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China, and Dalian University of Technology (DLUT), Zhongshan Road 158, Dalian, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China, and Dalian University of Technology (DLUT), Zhongshan Road 158, Dalian, China
| | - Xuhong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China, and Dalian University of Technology (DLUT), Zhongshan Road 158, Dalian, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China, and Dalian University of Technology (DLUT), Zhongshan Road 158, Dalian, China
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92
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Junnotula V, Rajapakse A, Arbillaga L, de Cerain AL, Solano B, Villar R, Monge A, Gates KS. DNA strand cleaving properties and hypoxia-selective cytotoxicity of 7-chloro-2-thienylcarbonyl-3-trifluoromethylquinoxaline 1,4-dioxide. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:3125-32. [PMID: 20371184 PMCID: PMC3268132 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The heterocyclic N-oxide, 3-amino-1,2,4-benzotriazine 1,4-dioxide (tirapazamine, 1), shows promising antitumor activity in preclinical studies, but there is a continuing need to explore new compounds in this general structural category. In the work described here, we examined the properties of 7-chloro-2-thienylcarbonyl-3-trifluoromethylquinoxaline 1,4-dioxide (9h). We find that 9h causes redox-activated, hypoxia-selective DNA cleavage that mirrors the lead compound, tirapazamine, in both mechanism and potency. Furthermore, we find that 9h displays hypoxia-selective cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines.
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93
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New pterocarpanquinones: synthesis, antineoplasic activity on cultured human malignant cell lines and TNF-alpha modulation in human PBMC cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:1610-6. [PMID: 20117936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.12.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Revised: 12/24/2009] [Accepted: 12/31/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A new pterocarpanquinone (5a) was synthesized through a palladium catalyzed oxyarylation reaction and was transformed, through electrophilic substitution reaction, into derivatives 5b-d. These compounds showed to be active against human leukemic cell lines and human lung cancer cell lines. Even multidrug resistant cells were sensitive to 5a, which presented low toxicity toward peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cells and decreased the production of TNF-alpha by these cells. In the laboratory these pterocarpanquinones were reduced by sodium dithionite in the presence of thiophenol at physiological pH, as NAD(P)H quinone oxidoredutase-1 (NQO1) catalyzed two-electron reduction, and the resulting hydroquinone undergo structural rearrangements, leading to the formation of Michael acceptors, which were intercepted as adducts of thiophenol. These results suggest that these compounds could be activated by bioreduction.
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94
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Kizaka-Kondoh S, Konse-Nagasawa H. Significance of nitroimidazole compounds and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 for imaging tumor hypoxia. Cancer Sci 2009; 100:1366-73. [PMID: 19459851 PMCID: PMC11158459 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01195.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A tumor-specific microenvironment is characterized by hypoxia, in which oxygen tension is considerably lower than in normal tissues. The hypoxic status of various solid tumors has been attributed as an indicator of adverse prognosis due to tumor progression toward a more malignant phenotype with increased metastatic potential and resistance to treatment. Various exogenous and endogenous markers for hypoxia are currently available and studied in relation to each other, tumor architecture, and tumor microenvironment. Over the last few decades, various methods have been suggested to assess the level of oxygenation in solid tumors. Among them, nitroimidazole compounds have provided promising information on tumor hypoxia. To quantify the extent of hypoxia requires that nitroimidazole binding be primarily dependent on oxygen concentration as well as nitroreductase levels in the tumor cells. Furthermore, recent progress in molecular biology has highlighted a transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1, whose activity is induced by hypoxia. HIF-1 plays a central role in malignant progression by inducing the expression of various genes, whose functions are strongly associated with malignant alteration of the entire tumor. The cellular changes induced by HIF-1 are extremely important therapeutic targets of cancer therapy, particularly in the therapy against refractory cancers. In this review, we will discuss the significance of pimonidazole and HIF-1 as exogenous and endogenous hypoxia markers, respectively, as well as their evaluation and imaging of tumor hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinae Kizaka-Kondoh
- Innovative Techno-Hub for Integrated Medical Bio-imaging, Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-applied Therapy, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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95
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Souza ET, Castro LC, Castro FAV, do Canto Visentin L, Pinheiro CB, Pereira MD, de Paula Machado S, Scarpellini M. Synthesis, characterization and biological activities of mononuclear Co(III) complexes as potential bioreductively activated prodrugs. J Inorg Biochem 2009; 103:1355-65. [PMID: 19665800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2009.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Revised: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 07/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aiming to investigate the use of tridentate ligands to develop new bireductively activated prodrugs, two N(2)O-donor ligands (HL1: [(2-hydroxybenzyl)(2-(imidazol-2-yl)ethyl)]amine; and HL2: [(2-hydroxybenzyl)(2-(pyridil-2-yl)ethyl]amine) were used to synthesize new Co(III) complexes, 1 and 2. Both complexes were characterized by X-ray crystallography, mass spectrometry, electrochemistry, IR, UV-visible and (1)H NMR spectroscopies. Electrochemical data in methanol revealed that the Co(III)-->Co(II) reduction of 1 (-0.84V vs. normal hydrogen electrode - NHE) is more positive than 2 (-1.13V vs. NHE), while it was expected to be more negative due to better sigma-donor ability of imidazole ring in HL1, compared to pyridine in HL2. Considering that reduction processes on Co(III) center may involve the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), it might play an important role on the electronic properties of the complexes, and could explain the observed redox potentials. Then, geometry optimizations of 1 and 2 were performed using the density functional theory (DFT), and different group participation in their LUMO is demonstrated. Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells as eukaryotic model, it is shown that in situ generated reduced species, 1(red) and 2(red), have high capacity to inhibit cellular growth, with IC50 (0.50mM for both complexes) lower than cisplatin IC50 (0.6mM) at the same time of exposure. Regarding to their ability to promote S. cerevisiae cells death, after 24 h, cells became susceptible only when exposed to 1(red) and 2(red): (i) at concentrations higher than 0.5mM in a non-dose dependence, and (ii) in anaerobic metabolism. These data reveal the potential of 1 and 2 as bioreductively activated prodrugs, since their oxidized forms do not present expressive activities when compared to their reduced forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Teixeira Souza
- Departamento de Química Inorgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21945-970 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Toyran N, Zorlu F, Severcan F. Effect of stereotactic radiosurgery on lipids and proteins of normal and hypoperfused rat brain homogenates: A Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 81:911-8. [PMID: 16524846 DOI: 10.1080/09553000600571022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The effect of stereotactic radiosurgery on lipids and proteins of normal and hypoperfused rat brain was investigated to see if hypoxic areas are really more resistant to radiation effects or not. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rat brain samples from control, stereotactically irradiated and chronically hypoperfused plus stereotactically irradiated groups were homogenized separately with saline phosphate buffer, and centrifuged at 125,000 g for 15 min. Membrane rich parts (pellet) of these homogenates were used for Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy studies. Mann-Whitney U tests were performed on the groups, two by two, to test the significance of the differences between the control group and stereotactically irradiated group as well as the control group and chronically hypoperfused plus stereotactically irradiated group. RESULTS After a single high dose of X-rays to healthy rat brain, the lipid concentration increased slightly, protein content decreased significantly (p < 0.05) and protein-to-lipid ratio decreased slightly. The secondary structure of the proteins was altered in the irradiated brain samples such that the content of a-helical structure decreased significantly (p < 0.01) and random coil increased dramatically (p < 0.05). The effect of radiation on the content of a-helical structure was not found to be significant in the hypoperfused group, but the decrease in the content of random coil was significant (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Stereotactic radiosurgery of the brain increased the lipid concentration, decreased the protein concentration and consequently resulted in a decrease in the protein to lipid ratio compared to un-irradiated brain. Radiation also altered the secondary structure of protein. The variations in lipid and protein content and the resulting lipid to protein ratio imply that chronically hypoperfused brain is more vulnerable to radiation than non-hypoperfused brain and suggests chronic hypoperfusion does not prevent cerebral damage caused by irradiation. However, irradiation of hypoperfused brain resulted in less alteration in protein structure than in non-hyperfused brain, suggesting higher resistance to irradiation using this endpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan Toyran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
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Abstract
PURPOSE This article seeks to illustrate some contributions of radiation chemistry to radiobiology and related science, and to draw attention to examples where radiation chemistry is central to our knowledge of specific aspects. Radiation chemistry is a mature branch of radiation science which is continually evolving and finding wider applications. This is particularly apparent in the study of the roles of free radicals in biology generally, and radiation biology specifically. The chemical viewpoint helps unite the spatial and temporal insight coming from radiation physics with the diversity of biological responses. While historically, the main application of radiation chemistry of relevance to radiation biology has been investigations of the free-radical processes leading to radiation-induced DNA damage and its chemical characterization, two features of radiation chemistry point to its wider importance. First, its emphasis on quantification and characterization at the molecular level helps provide links between DNA damage, biochemical repair processes, and mutagenicity and radiosensitivity. Second, its central pillar of chemical kinetics aids understanding of the roles of 'reactive oxygen species' in cell signalling and diverse biological effects more generally, and application of radiation chemistry in the development of drugs to enhance radiotherapy and as hypoxia-specific cytotoxins or diagnostic agents. The illustrations of the broader applications of radiation chemistry in this article focus on their relevance to radiation biology and demonstrate the importance of synergy in the radiation sciences. CONCLUSIONS The past contributions of radiation chemistry to radiation biology are evident, but there remains considerable potential to help advance future biological understanding using the knowledge and techniques of radiation chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter O'Neill
- University of Oxford, Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, Oxford, UK.
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Salustiano EJS, Netto CD, Fernandes RF, da Silva AJM, Bacelar TS, Castro CP, Buarque CD, Maia RC, Rumjanek VM, Costa PRR. Comparison of the cytotoxic effect of lapachol, α-lapachone and pentacyclic 1,4-naphthoquinones on human leukemic cells. Invest New Drugs 2009; 28:139-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-009-9231-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2008] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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WARDMAN P. The importance of radiation chemistry to radiation and free radical biology (The 2008 Silvanus Thompson Memorial Lecture). Br J Radiol 2009; 82:89-104. [DOI: 10.1259/bjr/60186130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Lim SH, Lee JY, Park SH, Kim YH, Suh HS, Park JB, Lee J. Effect of Combination of Anticancer Agents and Nitroimidazoles on the Survival of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells under Hypoxic Conditions. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SURGICAL SOCIETY 2009. [DOI: 10.4174/jkss.2009.76.6.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ha Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Korea
| | | | - Sung Hwan Park
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Korea
| | - You Hee Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hun Suk Suh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae Bok Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Korea
| | - Jongwon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Korea
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