51
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Yoshimura K, Suzuki Y, Inoue Y, Tsuchiya K, Karayama M, Iwashita Y, Kahyo T, Kawase A, Tanahashi M, Ogawa H, Inui N, Funai K, Shinmura K, Niwa H, Sugimura H, Suda T. CD200 and CD200R1 are differentially expressed and have differential prognostic roles in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1746554. [PMID: 32395395 PMCID: PMC7204521 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1746554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CD200, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, interacts with its receptor CD200R1 to modulate cancer immune microenvironments. Here, we explored the clinicopathological and prognostic implications of the CD200/CD200R1 axis in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. We evaluated CD200/CD200R1 expression in the tumors and stroma of 632 NSCLC patients using immunohistochemistry. Associations between CD200/CD200R1 expression levels and clinicopathological data were analyzed. We also examined their expression in lung cancer cell lines. Changes in endogenous immune-related factors and cell proliferation were evaluated by CD200 and CD200R1 knockdown and CD200Fc fusion protein administration. CD200 expression was observed mainly in the tumor, and also in the stroma among a few cases, whereas CD200R1 expression was observed in both the tumor and stroma. High tumoral CD200 expression was significantly associated with female sex, never-smoking status, adenocarcinoma histology, EGFR mutation, and a low density of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Meanwhile, high CD200R1 expression in the tumor and stroma was associated with ever smoking, non-adenocarcinoma histology, and increased tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. High CD200R1 expression was associated with worse survival (log-rank, P <.001 for both tumor and stroma), whereas high CD200 expression was associated with better survival outcomes (log-rank, P <.001). The transient knockdown of CD200R1 in lung cancer cell lines impaired cell proliferation, and the in vitro modulation of CD200 and CD200R1 altered endogenous oncogenic and inflammation-related gene expression. CD200R1 expression was associated with poor prognosis, whereas CD200 expression was an independent favorable prognostic factor. Our results suggest the importance of CD200 and CD200R1 in lung cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Yoshimura
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yuzo Suzuki
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yusuke Inoue
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsuchiya
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Masato Karayama
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yuji Iwashita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kahyo
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Akikazu Kawase
- First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tanahashi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Respiratory Disease Center, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Naoki Inui
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Funai
- First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shinmura
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Niwa
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Respiratory Disease Center, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Sugimura
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Takafumi Suda
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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52
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Functional Comparison between Healthy and Multiple Myeloma Adipose Stromal Cells. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:4173578. [PMID: 32215016 PMCID: PMC7077052 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4173578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable B cell neoplasia characterized by the accumulation of tumor plasma cells within the bone marrow (BM). As a consequence, bone osteolytic lesions develop in 80% of patients and remain even after complete disease remission. We and others had demonstrated that BM-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are abnormal in MM and thus cannot be used for autologous treatment to repair bone damage. Adipose stromal cells (ASCs) represent an interesting alternative to MSCs for cellular therapy. Thus, in this study, we wondered whether they could be a good candidate in repairing MM bone lesions. For the first time, we present a transcriptomic, phenotypic, and functional comparison of ASCs from MM patients and healthy donors (HDs) relying on their autologous MSC counterparts. In contrast to MM MSCs, MM ASCs did not exhibit major abnormalities. However, the changes observed in MM ASCs and the supportive property of ASCs on MM cells question their putative and safety uses at an autologous or allogenic level.
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53
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Gordon S, Plüddemann A, Mukhopadhyay S. Plasma membrane receptors of tissue macrophages: functions and role in pathology. J Pathol 2020; 250:656-666. [PMID: 32086805 DOI: 10.1002/path.5404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) constitute a dispersed organ, which is distributed throughout the body. Macrophages in different tissues display distinctive mosaic phenotypes as resident and recruited cells of embryonic and bone marrow origin, respectively. They help to maintain homeostasis during development and throughout adult life, yet contribute to the pathogenesis of many disease processes, including inflammation, innate and adaptive immunity, metabolic disorders, and cancer. Heterogeneous tissue macrophage populations display a wide variety of surface molecules to recognise and respond to host, microbial, and exogenous ligands in their environment; their receptors mediate the uptake and destruction of effete and dying host cells and pathogens, as well as contribute trophic and secretory functions within every organ in the body. Apart from local cellular interactions, macrophage surface molecules and products serve to mobilise and coordinate systemic humoral and cellular responses. Their use as antigen markers in pathogenesis and as potential drug targets has lagged in clinical pathology and human immunotherapy. In this review, we summarise the properties of selected surface molecules expressed on macrophages in different tissues and disease processes, to provide a functional basis for diagnosis, further research, and treatment. © 2020 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamon Gordon
- College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Annette Plüddemann
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Subhankar Mukhopadhyay
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, London, UK
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54
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Rawat AK, Pal K, Singh R, Anand A, Gupta S, Kishore D, Singh S, Singh RK. The CD200-CD200R cross-talk helps Leishmania donovani to down regulate macrophage and CD4 +CD44 + T cells effector functions in an NFκB independent manner. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 151:394-401. [PMID: 32084478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The lacuna in the knowledge of immunobiology, especially in visceral infections that are fatal if left untreated, are a major hurdle in getting a vaccine candidate for leishmaniasis. Till date, only a few drugs are available to combat human leishmaniasis and a vaccine candidate either prophylactic or preventive is still awaited. Therefore, identification of host and parasitic factors involved in the regulation of specific immune mechanisms are essentially needed. In this study, we observed that CD200-CD200R immune inhibitory axis regulates host macrophages effectors properties and helps antigen experienced T cells (CD4+CD44+ T cells) to acquire anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β, IL-27) producing abilities in an NFkB independent manner. After CD200 blocking the macrophages effectively inhibited proliferation of Leishmania amastigotes and also induced the production of IL-12, IFN-γ, TNF-α and nitric oxide (NOx). Further, the blocking of CD200 signaling also restored macrophages MHC-II expression and helped CD4+CD44+ T cells to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-2, IL-12 and IFN-γ. The finding of this study suggested the importance of immune inhibitory mechanisms in controlling Leishmania growth and survival and therefore, requires more studies to understand its role in vaccine induced immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Rawat
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Kavita Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Rajan Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Anshul Anand
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Smita Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Dhiraj Kishore
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Sangram Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Dr. RML Avadh University, Faizabad 224001, India
| | - Rakesh K Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India.
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55
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Liu JQ, Hu A, Zhu J, Yu J, Talebian F, Bai XF. CD200-CD200R Pathway in the Regulation of Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Immunotherapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1223:155-165. [PMID: 32030689 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35582-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated inflammation and immune responses are key components in the tumor microenvironment (TME) which regulate tumor growth, progression, and metastasis. Tumor-associated myeloid cells (TAMCs) are a group of cells that play multiple key roles including induction of tumor-associated inflammation/angiogenesis and regulation of tumor-specific T-cell responses. Thus, identification and characterization of key pathways that can regulate TAMCs are of critical importance for developing cancer immunotherapy. Recent studies suggest that CD200-CD200 receptor (CD200R) interaction may be important in regulating the TME via affecting TAMCs. In this chapter, we will give a brief overview of the CD200-CD200R axis, including the biology behind CD200-CD200R interaction and the role(s) it plays in tumor microenvironment and tumor growth, and activation/effector functions of T cells. We will also discuss CD200-CD200R's role as potential checkpoint molecules for cancer immunotherapy. Further investigation of the CD200-CD200R pathway will not only advance our understanding of tumor pathogenesis and immunity but also provide the rationale for CD200-CD200R-targeted immunotherapy of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Qing Liu
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Aiyan Hu
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmin Zhu
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianyu Yu
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nan Fang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fatemeh Talebian
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xue-Feng Bai
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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56
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Kelly R, Joers V, Tansey MG, McKernan DP, Dowd E. Microglial Phenotypes and Their Relationship to the Cannabinoid System: Therapeutic Implications for Parkinson's Disease. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030453. [PMID: 31973235 PMCID: PMC7037317 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder, the motor symptoms of which are associated classically with Lewy body formation and nigrostriatal degeneration. Neuroinflammation has been implicated in the progression of this disease, by which microglia become chronically activated in response to α-synuclein pathology and dying neurons, thereby acquiring dishomeostatic phenotypes that are cytotoxic and can cause further neuronal death. Microglia have a functional endocannabinoid signaling system, expressing the cannabinoid receptors in addition to being capable of synthesizing and degrading endocannabinoids. Alterations in the cannabinoid system—particularly an upregulation in the immunomodulatory CB2 receptor—have been demonstrated to be related to the microglial activation state and hence the microglial phenotype. This paper will review studies that examine the relationship between the cannabinoid system and microglial activation, and how this association could be manipulated for therapeutic benefit in Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Kelly
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics, National University of Ireland, H91 W5P7 Galway, Ireland; (R.K.); (D.P.M.)
| | - Valerie Joers
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (V.J.); (M.G.T.)
| | - Malú G. Tansey
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (V.J.); (M.G.T.)
- Center for Translation Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Declan P. McKernan
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics, National University of Ireland, H91 W5P7 Galway, Ireland; (R.K.); (D.P.M.)
| | - Eilís Dowd
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics, National University of Ireland, H91 W5P7 Galway, Ireland; (R.K.); (D.P.M.)
- Correspondence:
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57
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Chamera K, Trojan E, Szuster-Głuszczak M, Basta-Kaim A. The Potential Role of Dysfunctions in Neuron-Microglia Communication in the Pathogenesis of Brain Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:408-430. [PMID: 31729301 PMCID: PMC7457436 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666191113101629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The bidirectional communication between neurons and microglia is fundamental for the proper functioning of the central nervous system (CNS). Chemokines and clusters of differentiation (CD) along with their receptors represent ligand-receptor signalling that is uniquely important for neuron - microglia communication. Among these molecules, CX3CL1 (fractalkine) and CD200 (OX-2 membrane glycoprotein) come to the fore because of their cell-type-specific localization. They are principally expressed by neurons when their receptors, CX3CR1 and CD200R, respectively, are predominantly present on the microglia, resulting in the specific axis which maintains the CNS homeostasis. Disruptions to this balance are suggested as contributors or even the basis for many neurological diseases. In this review, we discuss the roles of CX3CL1, CD200 and their receptors in both physiological and pathological processes within the CNS. We want to underline the critical involvement of these molecules in controlling neuron - microglia communication, noting that dysfunctions in their interactions constitute a key factor in severe neurological diseases, such as schizophrenia, depression and neurodegeneration-based conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Chamera
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St. 31-343Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Trojan
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St. 31-343Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szuster-Głuszczak
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St. 31-343Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Basta-Kaim
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St. 31-343Kraków, Poland
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58
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Basile MS, Mazzon E, Fagone P, Longo A, Russo A, Fallico M, Bonfiglio V, Nicoletti F, Avitabile T, Reibaldi M. Immunobiology of Uveal Melanoma: State of the Art and Therapeutic Targets. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1145. [PMID: 31750244 PMCID: PMC6848265 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal Melanoma (UM) represents the most common primary intraocular malignant tumor in adults. Although it originates from melanocytes as cutaneous melanoma, it shows significant clinical and biological differences with the latter, including high resistance to immune therapy. Indeed, UM can evade immune surveillance via multiple mechanisms, such as the expression of inhibitory checkpoints (e.g., PD-L1, CD47, CD200) and the production of IDO-1 and soluble FasL, among others. More in-depth understanding of these mechanisms will suggest potential targets for the design of novel and more effective management strategies for UM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sofia Basile
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, C.da Casazza, Messina, Italy
| | - Paolo Fagone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Longo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Russo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Matteo Fallico
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Michele Reibaldi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Hu Y, Xie A, Cheng Q. Upregulated CD200 in pre-retinal proliferative fibrovascular membranes of proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients and its correlation with vascular endothelial growth factor. Inflamm Res 2019; 68:1071-1079. [PMID: 31612255 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01290-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN The objective was to determine the expression of CD200 in the pre-retinal proliferative fibrovascular membranes (PFVM) of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and to clarify its correlation with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and corresponding receptors. METHODS PFVM samples were collected by vitrectomy from 14 patients with PDR, and 11 non-diabetic patients who accepted vitrectomy for idiopathic epiretinal membranes removal. The expression of CD200, VEGF,VEGF-R1 and VEGF-R2 was measured via qPCR and immunofluorescent staining. RESULTS The mRNA level of CD200 was significantly higher in PDR patients than that in control patients. Meanwhile, CD200 and CD31 were found co-located and statistically associated in PFVM of PDR patients. The mRNA levels of VEGF, VEGF-R1 and VEGF-R2 were also significantly higher in PDR patients. Moreover, statistical association was found between CD200 and VEGF, VEGF-R1 in mRNA levels. But there was no significant correlationship between CD200 and VEGF-R2. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a significantly increased expression of CD200 in PFVM of patients with PDR and present a crucial association between CD200 and VEGF-involved pathway. It represents a potential therapy that interfering with CD200 may inhibit the VEFG expression and neovascular formation in PDR patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaguang Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Anming Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Qiaochu Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
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60
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Adult Human Liver: Hype or Hope? Cells 2019; 8:cells8101127. [PMID: 31546729 PMCID: PMC6830330 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases constitute a significant economic, social, and biomedical burden. Among commonly adopted approaches, only organ transplantation can radically help patients with end-stage liver pathologies. Cell therapy with hepatocytes as a treatment for chronic liver disease has demonstrated promising results. However, quality human hepatocytes are in short supply. Stem/progenitor cells capable of differentiating into functionally active hepatocytes provide an attractive alternative approach to cell therapy for liver diseases, as well as to liver-tissue engineering, drug screening, and basic research. The application of methods generally used to isolate mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and maintain them in culture to human liver tissue provides cells, designated here as liver MSCs. They have much in common with MSCs from other tissues, but differ in two aspects-expression of a range of hepatocyte-specific genes and, possibly, inherent commitment to hepatogenic differentiation. The aim of this review is to analyze data regarding liver MSCs, probably another type of liver stem/progenitor cells different from hepatic stellate cells or so-called hepatic progenitor cells. The review presents an analysis of the phenotypic characteristics of liver MSCs, their differentiation and therapeutic potential, methods for isolating these cells from human liver, and discusses issues of their origin and heterogeneity. Human liver MSCs are a fascinating object of fundamental research with a potential for important practical applications.
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61
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Mahadevan D, Lanasa MC, Farber C, Pandey M, Whelden M, Faas SJ, Ulery T, Kukreja A, Li L, Bedrosian CL, Zhang X, Heffner LT. Phase I study of samalizumab in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma: blockade of the immune checkpoint CD200. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:227. [PMID: 31443741 PMCID: PMC6708181 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0710-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Samalizumab is a novel recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody that targets CD200, an immunoregulatory cell surface member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that dampens excessive immune responses and maintains self-tolerance. This first-in-human study investigated the therapeutic use of samalizumab as a CD200 immune checkpoint inhibitor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and multiple myeloma (MM). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Twenty-three patients with advanced CLL and 3 patients with MM were enrolled in an open-label phase 1 study (NCT00648739). Patients were assigned sequentially to one of 7 dose level cohorts (50 to 600 mg/m2) in a 3 + 3 study design, receiving a single dose of samalizumab intravenously once every 28 days. Primary endpoints were safety, identification of the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), and pharmacokinetics. Secondary endpoints were samalizumab binding to CD200, pharmacodynamic effects on circulating tumor cells and leukocyte subsets, and clinical responses. RESULTS Twenty-one patients received > 1 treatment cycle. Adverse events (AEs) were generally mild to moderate in severity. Samalizumab produced dose-dependent decreases in CD200 expression on CLL cells and decreased frequencies of circulating CD200 + CD4+ T cells that were sustained at higher doses. The MTD was not reached. Decreased tumor burden was observed in 14 CLL patients. One CLL patient achieved a durable partial response and 16 patients had stable disease. All MM patients had disease progression. CONCLUSIONS Samalizumab had a good safety profile and treatment was associated with reduced tumor burden in a majority of patients with advanced CLL. These preliminary positive results support further development of samalizumab as an immune checkpoint inhibitor. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00648739 registered April 1, 2008.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daruka Mahadevan
- Department of Medicine Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515. N. Campbell Avenue, Room 1905, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
| | | | - Charles Farber
- Summit Medical Center, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Morristown, NJ, USA
| | - Manjari Pandey
- The West Cancer Center, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Susan J Faas
- Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Terrie Ulery
- Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Lan Li
- Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., New Haven, CT, USA
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62
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Salek-Ardakani S, Bell T, Jagger CP, Snelgrove RJ, Hussell T. CD200R1 regulates eosinophilia during pulmonary fungal infection in mice. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:1380-1390. [PMID: 31365119 PMCID: PMC6773205 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CD200 receptor 1(CD200R1) signalling limits myeloid cell responses and reduces autoimmunity, alloimmunity and viral‐mediated immunopathology, but has never been examined in the context of eosinophilic inflammation. Susceptibility to lung fungal infection is associated with T‐helper 2 (Th2) cytokine dominated responses and strong eosinophilic pathology. Blockade of CD200R1 enhances type I cytokine responses in many infectious and non‐infectious settings and so may promote a more protective response to fungal infection. By contrast, we demonstrate that, rather than promoting type I cytokine responses, CD200R1 blockade enhanced eosinophilia in a mouse model of Cryptococcus neoformans infection, whereas CD200R1 agonism reduced lung eosinophilia – with neither strategy completely altering fungal burden. Thus, we reveal a surprising disconnect between pulmonary eosinophilia and cryptococcal burden and dissemination. This research has 2 important implications. Firstly, a lack of CD200R1 signalling enhances immune responses regardless of cytokine polarisation, and secondly reducing eosinophils does not allow protective immunity to develop in susceptible fungal system. Therefore, agonists of CD200R1 may be beneficial for eosinophilic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Salek-Ardakani
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Department of Inflammation, Development & Repair, Imperial College London, UK.,Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research (MCCIR), Manchester, UK
| | - Thomas Bell
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Department of Inflammation, Development & Repair, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Christopher P Jagger
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research (MCCIR), Manchester, UK
| | - Robert J Snelgrove
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Department of Inflammation, Development & Repair, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Tracy Hussell
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research (MCCIR), Manchester, UK
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Feng D, Huang A, Yan W, Chen D. CD200 dysfunction in neuron contributes to synaptic deficits and cognitive impairment. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:1053-1059. [PMID: 31277944 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal CD200 plays critical role in neuron-microglia communication and negatively related to pathological development of Alzheimer's disease, but its contribution retroacts to synaptic function is still not clear. Here, we directly injected adeno-associated virus into hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice to induce neuron-specific CD200 overexpression; subsequently, we detected cognition function, synaptic function, and the microglial responses during AD pathological development. Notably, specific upregulation of neuronal CD200 promoted cognitive function by inhibiting microglial activation and secretion, improving synaptic function, and preventing synaptic loss. To further investigate the role of neuronal CD200 on synaptic function, we depressed CD200 expression in neuron by hippocampal AAV injection and also evaluated microglial activation and cognitive and synaptic function. Interestingly, data revealed that neuronal CD200 deficiency significantly impairs synaptic and cognitive function. Taken these results together, we concluded that neuronal CD200 mediated microglial response and synaptic function during AD pathological development, and provided evidence that neuronal CD200 restoration ameliorates synaptic and cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Depeng Feng
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, People's Republic of China, 252000
| | - Anqi Huang
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, People's Republic of China, 252000
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, People's Republic of China, 252000.
| | - Dezhe Chen
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, People's Republic of China, 252000
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64
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D'Arena G, Valvano L, Vitale C, Coscia M, Statuto T, Bellesi S, Lamorte D, Musto P, Laurenti L, D'Auria F. CD200 and prognosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Conflicting results. Leuk Res 2019; 83:106169. [PMID: 31212087 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2019.106169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni D'Arena
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, IRCCS, Cancer Referral Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy.
| | - Luciana Valvano
- Laboratory of Clinical and Advanced Diagnostics, IRCCS, Cancer Referral Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Candida Vitale
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, and Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Italy
| | - Marta Coscia
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, and Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Italy
| | - Teodora Statuto
- Laboratory of Clinical and Advanced Diagnostics, IRCCS, Cancer Referral Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Silvia Bellesi
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Catholic University of "Sacred Hearth", Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Lamorte
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Reasearch, IRCCS, Cancer Referral Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Musto
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, IRCCS, Cancer Referral Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Luca Laurenti
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Catholic University of "Sacred Hearth", Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorella D'Auria
- Laboratory of Clinical and Advanced Diagnostics, IRCCS, Cancer Referral Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
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65
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Sauter IP, Madrid KG, de Assis JB, Sá-Nunes A, Torrecilhas AC, Staquicini DI, Pasqualini R, Arap W, Cortez M. TLR9/MyD88/TRIF signaling activates host immune inhibitory CD200 in Leishmania infection. JCI Insight 2019; 4:126207. [PMID: 31092731 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Virulent protozoans named Leishmania in tropical and subtropical areas produce devastating diseases by exploiting host immune responses. Amastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis stimulate macrophages to express CD200, an immunomodulatory ligand, which binds to its cognate receptor (CD200R) and inhibits the inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide (iNOS/NO) signaling pathways, thereby promoting intracellular survival. However, the mechanisms underlying CD200 induction in macrophages remain largely unknown. Here, we show that phagocytosis-mediated internalization of L. amazonensis amastigotes following activation of endosomal TLR9/MyD88/TRIF signaling is critical for inducing CD200 in infected macrophages. We also demonstrate that Leishmania microvesicles containing DNA fragments activate TLR9-dependent CD200 expression, which inhibits the iNOS/NO pathway and modulates the course of L. amazonensis infection in vivo. These findings demonstrate that Leishmania exploits TLR-signaling pathways not only to inhibit macrophage microbicidal function, but also to evade host systemic immune responses, which has many implications in the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Josiane B de Assis
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anderson Sá-Nunes
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C Torrecilhas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela I Staquicini
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Renata Pasqualini
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Wadih Arap
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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66
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Rostalski H, Leskelä S, Huber N, Katisko K, Cajanus A, Solje E, Marttinen M, Natunen T, Remes AM, Hiltunen M, Haapasalo A. Astrocytes and Microglia as Potential Contributors to the Pathogenesis of C9orf72 Repeat Expansion-Associated FTLD and ALS. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:486. [PMID: 31156371 PMCID: PMC6529740 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are neurodegenerative diseases with a complex, but often overlapping, genetic and pathobiological background and thus they are considered to form a disease spectrum. Although neurons are the principal cells affected in FTLD and ALS, increasing amount of evidence has recently proposed that other central nervous system-resident cells, including microglia and astrocytes, may also play roles in neurodegeneration in these diseases. Therefore, deciphering the mechanisms underlying the disease pathogenesis in different types of brain cells is fundamental in order to understand the etiology of these disorders. The major genetic cause of FTLD and ALS is a hexanucleotide repeat expansion (HRE) in the intronic region of the C9orf72 gene. In neurons, specific pathological hallmarks, including decreased expression of the C9orf72 RNA and proteins and generation of toxic RNA and protein species, and their downstream effects have been linked to C9orf72 HRE-associated FTLD and ALS. In contrast, it is still poorly known to which extent these pathological changes are presented in other brain cells. Here, we summarize the current literature on the potential role of astrocytes and microglia in C9orf72 HRE-linked FTLD and ALS and discuss their possible phenotypic alterations and neurotoxic mechanisms that may contribute to neurodegeneration in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Rostalski
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Stina Leskelä
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nadine Huber
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kasper Katisko
- Institute of Clinical Medicine - Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Antti Cajanus
- Institute of Clinical Medicine - Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eino Solje
- Institute of Clinical Medicine - Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Neuro Center, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikael Marttinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Teemu Natunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anne M Remes
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mikko Hiltunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Annakaisa Haapasalo
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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67
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Lauzon-Joset JF, Marsolais D, Tardif-Pellerin É, Patoine D, Bissonnette EY. CD200 in asthma. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 112:141-144. [PMID: 31077782 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Constant exposure to foreign particles in the airways requires tight immune regulation in order to maintain sufficient anti-microbial defences, while preventing immunopathological responses that could impair gas exchange. Dysregulation of immunoregulatory pathways has been associated with asthma and allergy. This review will focus on the CD200 regulatory pathway and its role in the asthmatic cascade. CD200 and its receptors are highly expressed in the lung, on epithelial cells and leukocytes, and emerging evidence links dysregulation of the CD200 pathway with asthma. Moreover, pharmacological modulation of CD200 receptors was shown to improve clinical and inflammatory outcomes of preclinical asthma models. Therefore, the involvement of CD200 in asthma is increasingly recognized and preclinical studies support the contention that it could constitute an additional target to alleviate asthma exacerbation and/or reduce disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Lauzon-Joset
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, université Laval, Canada; Département de Médicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - David Marsolais
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, université Laval, Canada; Département de Médicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Éliane Tardif-Pellerin
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, université Laval, Canada
| | - Dany Patoine
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, université Laval, Canada
| | - Elyse Y Bissonnette
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, université Laval, Canada; Département de Médicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
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68
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Becerra-Artiles A, Cruz J, Leszyk JD, Sidney J, Sette A, Shaffer SA, Stern LJ. Naturally processed HLA-DR3-restricted HHV-6B peptides are recognized broadly with polyfunctional and cytotoxic CD4 T-cell responses. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:1167-1185. [PMID: 31020640 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Human herpes virus 6B (HHV-6B) is a widespread virus that infects most people early in infancy and establishes a chronic life-long infection with periodic reactivation. CD4 T cells have been implicated in control of HHV-6B, but antigenic targets and functional characteristics of the CD4 T-cell response are poorly understood. We identified 25 naturally processed MHC-II peptides, derived from six different HHV-6B proteins, and showed that they were recognized by CD4 T-cell responses in HLA-matched donors. The peptides were identified by mass spectrometry after elution from HLA-DR molecules isolated from HHV-6B-infected T cells. The peptides showed strong binding to matched HLA alleles and elicited recall T-cell responses in vitro. T-cell lines expanded in vitro were used for functional characterization of the response. Responding cells were mainly CD3+ CD4+ , produced IFN-γ, TNF-α, and low levels of IL-2, alone or in combination, highlighting the presence of polyfunctional T cells in the overall response. Many of the responding cells mobilized CD107a, stored granzyme B, and mediated specific killing of peptide-pulsed target cells. These results highlight a potential role for polyfunctional cytotoxic CD4 T cells in the long-term control of HHV-6B infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Cruz
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - John D Leszyk
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Shrewsbury, MA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - John Sidney
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, San Diego, CA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, San Diego, CA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Scott A Shaffer
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Shrewsbury, MA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Lawrence J Stern
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
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69
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The Evolving Dialogue of Microglia and Neurons in Alzheimer’s Disease: Microglia as Necessary Transducers of Pathology. Neuroscience 2019; 405:24-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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70
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Blum A, Haussmann K, Streitz M, Schlickeiser S, Tietze-Buerger C, Blau IW, Uharek L. Standardized assay for assessment of minimal residual disease in blood, bone marrow and apheresis from patients with plasma cell myeloma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2922. [PMID: 30814612 PMCID: PMC6393516 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39631-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent advances in myeloma treatment result in significantly better outcomes, defined as increased progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Since there is a proven correlation between the extend of response and prolonged survival, there is an urgent need for highly sensitive assays for the detection of minimal residual disease (MRD). Next generation flow cytometry has become a valuable approach for sensitive evaluation of the depth of complete response (CR). Here, we report the diagnostic performance and validation results of a single-tube 9-color panel assay. The validation design included intra-assay analysis measuring accuracy, inter-assay analysis estimating method’s linearity and precision and inter-assay analysis evaluating repeatability. Furthermore, in inter-operator analysis assessed the comparability of the result analysis of different operators. Staining stability was evaluated in age-of-stain experiments. Our validation results show that a reliable detection of residual myeloma cells is feasible to a detection level of 10−5 with a single-tube assay for a variety of materials (peripheral blood, bone marrow and stem cell apheresis). This study establishes highly sensitive, fully standardized approach for MRD detection in myeloma that is ready for implementation in routine diagnostic laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Blum
- Charité Stem Cell Facility, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, 13353, Germany.
| | - Katy Haussmann
- Charité Stem Cell Facility, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | - Mathias Streitz
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | - Stephan Schlickeiser
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | - Carola Tietze-Buerger
- Charité Stem Cell Facility, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | - Igor Wolfgang Blau
- Department of Haematology, Oncology, Tumor Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | - Lutz Uharek
- Charité Stem Cell Facility, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, 13353, Germany
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71
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Kumar S, Leigh ND, Cao X. The Role of Co-stimulatory/Co-inhibitory Signals in Graft-vs.-Host Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:3003. [PMID: 30627129 PMCID: PMC6309815 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is an effective immunotherapeutic approach for various hematologic and immunologic ailments. Despite the beneficial impact of allo-HCT, its adverse effects cause severe health concerns. After transplantation, recognition of host cells as foreign entities by donor T cells induces graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD). Activation, proliferation and trafficking of donor T cells to target organs and tissues are critical steps in the pathogenesis of GVHD. T cell activation is a synergistic process of T cell receptor (TCR) recognition of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-anchored antigen and co-stimulatory/co-inhibitory signaling in the presence of cytokines. Most of the currently used therapeutic regimens for GVHD are based on inhibiting the allogeneic T cell response or T-cell depletion (TCD). However, the immunosuppressive drugs and TCD hamper the therapeutic potential of allo-HCT, resulting in attenuated graft-vs.-leukemia (GVL) effect as well as increased vulnerability to infection. In view of the drawback of overbroad immunosuppression, co-stimulatory, and co-inhibitory molecules are plausible targets for selective modulation of T cell activation and function that can improve the effectiveness of allo-HCT. Therefore, this review collates existing knowledge of T cell co-stimulation and co-inhibition with current research that may have the potential to provide novel approaches to cure GVHD without sacrificing the beneficial effects of allo-HCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Nicholas D Leigh
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Xuefang Cao
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
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72
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Tayara K, Espinosa-Oliva AM, García-Domínguez I, Ismaiel AA, Boza-Serrano A, Deierborg T, Machado A, Herrera AJ, Venero JL, de Pablos RM. Divergent Effects of Metformin on an Inflammatory Model of Parkinson's Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:440. [PMID: 30519161 PMCID: PMC6258993 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral antidiabetic drug metformin is known to exhibit anti-inflammatory properties through activation of AMP kinase, thus protecting various brain tissues as cortical neurons, for example. However, the effect of metformin on the substantia nigra (SN), the main structure affected in Parkinson’s disease (PD), has not yet been studied in depth. Inflammation is a key feature of PD and it may play a central role in the neurodegeneration that takes place in this disorder. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of metformin on the microglial activation of the SN of rats using the animal model of PD based on the injection of the pro-inflammogen lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted to study the activation of microglia at both the cellular and molecular levels. Our results indicate that metformin overall inhibits microglia activation measured by OX-6 (MHCII marker), IKKβ (pro-inflammatory marker) and arginase (anti-inflammatory marker) immunoreactivity. In addition, qPCR experiments reveal that metformin treatment minimizes the expression levels of several pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Mechanistically, the drug decreases the phosphorylated forms of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) as well as ROS generation through the inhibition of the NADPH oxidase enzyme. However, metformin treatment fails to protect the dopaminergic neurons of SN in response to intranigral LPS. These findings suggest that metformin could have both beneficial and harmful pharmacological effects and raise the question about the potential use of metformin for the prevention and treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Tayara
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana M Espinosa-Oliva
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Irene García-Domínguez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Afrah Abdul Ismaiel
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Boza-Serrano
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tomas Deierborg
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alberto Machado
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio J Herrera
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - José L Venero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Rocío M de Pablos
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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73
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Role of Human CD200 Overexpression in Pig-to-Human Xenogeneic Immune Response Compared With Human CD47 Overexpression. Transplantation 2018; 102:406-416. [PMID: 28968355 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages play important roles in xenograft rejection. Here, we investigated whether overexpression of human CD200 or CD47 in porcine endothelial cells (PEC) can suppress macrophages activation in xenogeneic immune responses. METHODS PECs and human macrophages were incubated together, harvested, and analyzed for in vitro macrophage phagocytic and cytotoxicity activity, and cytokine release. Next, PECs were injected into renal subcapsular space of humanized mice. On day 10 posttransplantation, we analyzed xenograft survival and perigraft inflammatory cell infiltrations in PEC-to-humanized mouse transplantation. RESULTS PECs highly expressing human CD200, CD47, or both CD47/CD200 were established by lentiviral vector transduction. Both CD200 and CD47 suppressed in vitro macrophage phagocytic and cytotoxic activity against PECs; decreased TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 secretion; and increased IL-10 secretion. However, simultaneous overexpression of CD200 and CD47 did not show additive effects. Next, PECs were transplanted into NOD-scid IL-2Rg null mice, and human monocytes and lymphocytes were adoptively transferred 1 day after xenotransplantation. PEC xenograft cell death and apoptosis were decreased in the CD200-PEC and CD47/CD200-PEC groups. Perigraft infiltration of human T cells was suppressed by CD47; CD200 suppressed infiltration of human macrophages to a greater extent than CD47; and the CD47/CD200-PEC group exhibited the lowest level of leukocyte infiltration. In summary, overexpression of CD200 in PECs suppressed xenogeneic activation of human macrophages and improved survival of PEC xenografts in humanized mice; however, coexpression of CD200 and CD47 did not show additive effects. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, overexpression of human CD200 in donor pigs could constitute a promising strategy for overcoming xenograft rejection.
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74
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Geraci F, Ragonese P, Barreca MM, Aliotta E, Mazzola MA, Realmuto S, Vazzoler G, Savettieri G, Sconzo G, Salemi G. Differences in Intercellular Communication During Clinical Relapse and Gadolinium-Enhanced MRI in Patients With Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Study of the Composition of Extracellular Vesicles in Cerebrospinal Fluid. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:418. [PMID: 30498433 PMCID: PMC6249419 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed based on the hypothesis that changes in both the levels and surface marker expression of extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may be associated with the clinical form, disease activity, and severity of multiple sclerosis (MS). The analyzes were performed on subjects affected by MS or other neurological disorders. EVs, which were isolated by ultracentrifugation of CSF samples, were characterized by flow cytometry. A panel of fluorescent antibodies was used to identify the EV origin: CD4, CCR3, CCR5, CD19, and CD200, as well as isolectin IB4. The Mann-Whitney U-test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for statistical analyzes. EVs isolated from the CSF were more abundant in patients with progressive MS and in those with a clinically isolated syndrome than in all the other groups examined. Furthermore, an important change in the number of EVs and in their surface marker expression occurred during active phases of MS [i.e., clinical relapses and the presence of enhancing lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)]. In particular, the number of CSF-EVs increased in patients affected by MS during clinical relapse; this finding was associated with a decrease in the number of CD19+/CD200+ (naïve B cells) EVs. These markers are expressed by immature and naïve B lymphocytes, and to the best of our knowledge, this double staining has never been associated with MS, but their reduction has been observed in patients with another type of Th1 cell-mediated autoimmune disease. In contrast, the presence of lesions in the brain and spine on gadolinium-enhanced MRI was associated with an increase in the numbers of CCR3+/CCR5+ (subset of CD8 memory T cells), CD4+/CCR3+ (Th2 cells), and CD4+/CCR5+ (Th1 cells) CSF-EVs. Two points are worth emphasizing: (i) the data obtained in this study confirm that CSF-EVs represent a potentially promising tool to identify biomarkers specific for different phases of MS; and (ii) Considering the role of EVs in intercellular communication, our results provide some insights that improve our understanding of the relationships among some of the cell types that are mainly involved in MS pathogenesis (e.g., lymphocytes, glia, and neurons).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Geraci
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paolo Ragonese
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Magdalena Barreca
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Emanuele Aliotta
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Mazzola
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sabrina Realmuto
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Vazzoler
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Savettieri
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gabriella Sconzo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Salemi
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Chen M, Luo C, Zhao J, Devarajan G, Xu H. Immune regulation in the aging retina. Prog Retin Eye Res 2018; 69:159-172. [PMID: 30352305 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The retina is an immune privileged tissue, which is protected from external and internal insults by its blood-retina barriers and immune suppressive microenvironment. Apart from the avoidance and tolerance strategies, the retina is also protected by its own defense system, i.e., microglia and the complement system. The immune privilege and defense mechanisms work together to maintain retinal homeostasis. During aging, the retina is at an increased risk of developing various degenerative diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucomatous retinopathy. Previously, we have shown that aging induces a para-inflammatory response in the retina. In this review, we explore the impact of aging on retinal immune regulation and the connection between homeostatic control of retinal immune privilege and para-inflammation under aging conditions and present a view that may explain why aging puts the retina at risk of developing degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Chen
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - Chang Luo
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, UK; Aier Eye Institute, Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, China
| | - Jiawu Zhao
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | | | - Heping Xu
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, UK; Aier Eye Institute, Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, China.
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Orgel K, Smeekens JM, Ye P, Fotsch L, Guo R, Miller DR, Pardo-Manuel de Villena F, Burks AW, Ferris MT, Kulis MD. Genetic diversity between mouse strains allows identification of the CC027/GeniUnc strain as an orally reactive model of peanut allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 143:1027-1037.e7. [PMID: 30342892 PMCID: PMC7252586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improved animal models are needed to understand the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to food allergy. OBJECTIVE We sought to assess food allergy phenotypes in a genetically diverse collection of mice. METHODS We selected 16 Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse strains, as well as the classic inbred C57BL/6J, C3H/HeJ, and BALB/cJ strains, for screening. Female mice were sensitized to peanut intragastrically with or without cholera toxin and then challenged with peanut by means of oral gavage or intraperitoneal injection and assessed for anaphylaxis. Peanut-specific immunoglobulins, T-cell cytokines, regulatory T cells, mast cells, and basophils were quantified. RESULTS Eleven of the 16 CC strains had allergic reactions to intraperitoneal peanut challenge, whereas only CC027/GeniUnc mice reproducibly experienced severe symptoms after oral food challenge (OFC). CC027/GeniUnc, C3H/HeJ, and C57BL/6J mice all mounted a TH2 response against peanut, leading to production of IL-4 and IgE, but only the CC027/GeniUnc mice reacted to OFC. Orally induced anaphylaxis in CC027/GeniUnc mice was correlated with serum levels of Ara h 2 in circulation but not with allergen-specific IgE or mucosal mast cell protease 1 levels, indicating systemic allergen absorption is important for anaphylaxis through the gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, CC027/GeniUnc, but not C3H/HeJ or BALB/cJ, mice can be sensitized in the absence of cholera toxin and react on OFC to peanut. CONCLUSIONS We have identified and characterized CC027/GeniUnc mice as a strain that is genetically susceptible to peanut allergy and prone to severe reactions after OFC. More broadly, these findings demonstrate the untapped potential of the CC population in developing novel models for allergy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Orgel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC; University of North Carolina Food Allergy Initiative, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Johanna M Smeekens
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC; University of North Carolina Food Allergy Initiative, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Ping Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC; University of North Carolina Food Allergy Initiative, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Lauren Fotsch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC; University of North Carolina Food Allergy Initiative, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Rishu Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC; University of North Carolina Food Allergy Initiative, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Darla R Miller
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Fernando Pardo-Manuel de Villena
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - A Wesley Burks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC; University of North Carolina Food Allergy Initiative, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Martin T Ferris
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC.
| | - Michael D Kulis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC; University of North Carolina Food Allergy Initiative, Chapel Hill, NC.
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BMP-IHH-mediated interplay between mesenchymal stem cells and osteoclasts supports calvarial bone homeostasis and repair. Bone Res 2018; 6:30. [PMID: 30345151 PMCID: PMC6193039 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-018-0031-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Calvarial bones are connected by fibrous sutures. These sutures provide a niche environment that includes mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), osteoblasts, and osteoclasts, which help maintain calvarial bone homeostasis and repair. Abnormal function of osteogenic cells or diminished MSCs within the cranial suture can lead to skull defects, such as craniosynostosis. Despite the important function of each of these cell types within the cranial suture, we have limited knowledge about the role that crosstalk between them may play in regulating calvarial bone homeostasis and injury repair. Here we show that suture MSCs give rise to osteoprogenitors that show active bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling and depend on BMP-mediated Indian hedgehog (IHH) signalling to balance osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis activity. IHH signalling and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) may function synergistically to promote the differentiation and resorption activity of osteoclasts. Loss of Bmpr1a in MSCs leads to downregulation of hedgehog (Hh) signalling and diminished cranial sutures. Significantly, activation of Hh signalling partially restores suture morphology in Bmpr1a mutant mice, suggesting the functional importance of BMP-mediated Hh signalling in regulating suture tissue homeostasis. Furthermore, there is an increased number of CD200+ cells in Bmpr1a mutant mice, which may also contribute to the inhibited osteoclast activity in the sutures of mutant mice. Finally, suture MSCs require BMP-mediated Hh signalling during the repair of calvarial bone defects after injury. Collectively, our studies reveal the molecular and cellular mechanisms governing cell–cell interactions within the cranial suture that regulate calvarial bone homeostasis and repair. Understanding the signaling mechanisms regulating cells in cranial sutures could help develop strategies for repairing skull defects or fractures. Little is known about how osteoblasts, osteoclasts and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in cranial sutures regulate the homeostasis and repair of skull bones. Yang Chai at the University of Southern California, United States, and colleagues show that preventing the expression of bone morphogenetic protein receptor type IA (Bmpr1a) in MSCs leads to defective cranial sutures in which osteogenic activity is increased and osteoclast activity is reduced. Stimulating the Hedgehog signaling pathway not only partially rescued the defective sutures but also promoted skull bone healing after injury in Bmpr1a mutant mice, highlighting the importance of BMP-mediated Hedgehog signaling for balancing skull bone formation and resorption.
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78
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Azzawi S, Penzi LR, Senna MM. Immune Privilege Collapse and Alopecia Development: Is Stress a Factor. Skin Appendage Disord 2018; 4:236-244. [PMID: 30410890 PMCID: PMC6219219 DOI: 10.1159/000485080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair is a defining mammalian feature that serves as a hallmark of human communication. Given the critical significance of hair in social, religious, and political contexts, it is important to understand factors that play a role in hair loss disorders. The hair follicle is an immune privileged site, and mounting evidence suggests that the collapse of immune privilege contributes to the pathogenesis of autoimmune hair loss disorders, including alopecia areata and lichen planopilaris. This review comprehensively appraises the current literature to shed light on mechanisms for immune privilege collapse, and examines the role of neurogenic stress in triggering this process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren R. Penzi
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maryanne M. Senna
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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79
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Szepesi Z, Manouchehrian O, Bachiller S, Deierborg T. Bidirectional Microglia-Neuron Communication in Health and Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:323. [PMID: 30319362 PMCID: PMC6170615 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are ramified cells that exhibit highly motile processes, which continuously survey the brain parenchyma and react to any insult to the CNS homeostasis. Although microglia have long been recognized as a crucial player in generating and maintaining inflammatory responses in the CNS, now it has become clear, that their function are much more diverse, particularly in the healthy brain. The innate immune response and phagocytosis represent only a little segment of microglia functional repertoire that also includes maintenance of biochemical homeostasis, neuronal circuit maturation during development and experience-dependent remodeling of neuronal circuits in the adult brain. Being equipped by numerous receptors and cell surface molecules microglia can perform bidirectional interactions with other cell types in the CNS. There is accumulating evidence showing that neurons inform microglia about their status and thus are capable of controlling microglial activation and motility while microglia also modulate neuronal activities. This review addresses the topic: how microglia communicate with other cell types in the brain, including fractalkine signaling, secreted soluble factors and extracellular vesicles. We summarize the current state of knowledge of physiological role and function of microglia during brain development and in the mature brain and further highlight microglial contribution to brain pathologies such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, brain ischemia, traumatic brain injury, brain tumor as well as neuropsychiatric diseases (depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Szepesi
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oscar Manouchehrian
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara Bachiller
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tomas Deierborg
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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80
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El-Mokhtar MA, Bauer A, Madela J, Voigt S. Cellular distribution of CD200 receptor in rats and its interaction with cytomegalovirus e127 protein. Med Microbiol Immunol 2018; 207:307-318. [PMID: 30032349 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-018-0552-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CD200 is a membrane protein that interacts with CD200R on the surface of immune cells and delivers an inhibitory signal. In this study, we characterized the distribution of inhibitory CD200R in rats. In addition, we investigated if e127, a homologue of rat CD200 expressed by rat cytomegalovirus (RCMV), can suppress immune functions in vitro. RT-PCR analysis was carried out to test the expression of CD200R in different rat tissues and flow cytometry was performed to characterize CD200R at the cellular level. To test the inhibitory functions of e127, a co-culture system was utilized in which immune cells were incubated with e127-expressing cells. The strongest CD200R expression was detected in lymphoid organs such as bone marrow and spleen. Flow cytometry analyses showed that CD200R+ cells were mainly CD4- dendritic cells (DC) and CD4+ T cells in the spleen. In blood, nearly all monocytes and granulocytes expressed CD200R and in bone marrow the NKRP1low subset of natural killer cells highly expressed CD200R. In addition, both peritoneal macrophages and the NR8383 macrophage cell line carried CD200R. At the functional level, viral e127 conferred an inhibitory signal on TNFα and IL6 cytokine release from IFNγ-stimulated macrophages. However, e127 did not affect the cytotoxic activity of DC. CD200R in the rat is mainly expressed on myeloid cells but also on non-myeloid cell subsets, and RCMV e127 can deliver inhibitory signals to immune cells by engaging CD200R. The RCMV model provides a useful tool to study potential immune evasion mechanisms of the herpesviridae and opens new avenues for understanding and controlling herpesvirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A El-Mokhtar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Agnieszka Bauer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Madela
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Voigt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology/SCT, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
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Zahran AM, Mohammed Saleh MF, Sayed MM, Rayan A, Ali AM, Hetta HF. Up-regulation of regulatory T cells, CD200 and TIM3 expression in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Biomark 2018; 22:587-595. [DOI: 10.3233/cbm-181368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M. Zahran
- Clinical Pathology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Mona M. Sayed
- Radiation Oncology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amal Rayan
- Clinical Oncology Department, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Arwa Mohammed Ali
- Department of Medical Oncology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Helal F. Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Abstract
Microglia differentiate from progenitors that infiltrate the nascent CNS during early embryonic development. They then remain in this unique immune-privileged environment throughout life. Multiple immune mechanisms, which we collectively refer to as microglial checkpoints, ensure efficient and tightly regulated microglial responses to perturbations in the CNS milieu. Such mechanisms are essential for proper CNS development and optimal physiological function. However, in chronic disease or aging, when a robust immune response is required, such checkpoint mechanisms may limit the ability of microglia to protect the CNS. Here we survey microglial checkpoint mechanisms and their roles in controlling microglial function throughout life and in disease, and discuss how they may be targeted therapeutically.
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83
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Yang Y, Zhang XJ, Zhang C, Chen R, Li L, He J, Xie Y, Chen Y. Loss of neuronal CD200 contributed to microglial activation after acute cerebral ischemia in mice. Neurosci Lett 2018; 678:48-54. [PMID: 29729356 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
CD200 has been proved to play a role in immuno-inflammatory reaction. However, little information is available on CD200 in the acute stage of cerebral ischemia. We investigated the association between neuronal death and expression of CD200, and explored the relationship between CD200 and microglia in cerebral ischemic mice. Firstly, localization of CD200 expression in the normal brain tissue was detected by immunofluorescent assay. Then, focal cerebral ischemia was induced in mice by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) and then cortical tissues were collected at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after surgery. Changes of CD200 and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) after pMCAO were assessed by western blotting. Meanwhile flow cytometry analysis was implemented to analyze the death of cortical cells. Results of these two parts were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. To further study, intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of recombinant CD200 (rCD200) protein was carried out immediately after pMCAO. Iba-1 was measured by western blotting to evaluate activation of microglia, and inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-10 were tested by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that CD200 was expressed in neurons and was not observed on mircroglia in cortex of normal mice. Expression of CD200 was decreased within 48 h after pMCAO, with a concomitant decrease of NSE expression. The rate of neuronal cell death was approximately around 30% and statistical analysis revealed a negative correlation between level of CD200 and the rate of neuronal death. Compared with control, exogenous rCD200 reduced expressions of Iba-1, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-10. Taking together, our results demonstrated that loss of CD200 was caused by neuronal death and was one of contributing factors in microglial activation after cerebral ischemia. ICV injection of rCD200 protein could suppress activation of microglia in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, PR China
| | - Xiang-Jian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, PR China.
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, PR China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, PR China
| | - Junna He
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, PR China
| | - Yanzhao Xie
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, PR China
| | - Yanxia Chen
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, PR China; Department of Endocrinology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
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Solleiro-Villavicencio H, Rivas-Arancibia S. Effect of Chronic Oxidative Stress on Neuroinflammatory Response Mediated by CD4 +T Cells in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:114. [PMID: 29755324 PMCID: PMC5934485 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In a state of oxidative stress, there is an increase of reactive species, which induce an altered intracellular signaling, leading to dysregulation of the inflammatory response. The inability of the antioxidant defense systems to modulate the proinflammatory response is key to the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this work is to review the effect of the state of oxidative stress on the loss of regulation of the inflammatory response on the microglia and astrocytes, the induction of different CD4+T cell populations in neuroinflammation, as well as its role in some neurodegenerative diseases. For this purpose, an intentional search of original articles, short communications, and reviews, was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The articles reviewed included the period from 1997 to 2017. With the evidence obtained, we conclude that the loss of redox balance induces alterations in the differentiation and number of CD4+T cell subpopulations, leading to an increase in Th1 and Th17 response. This contributes to the development of neuroinflammation as well as loss of the regulation of the inflammatory response in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD), and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). In contrast, regulatory T cells (Tregs) and Th2 modulate the inflammatory response of effect of T cells, microglia, and astrocytes. In this respect, it has been found that the mobilization of T cells with anti-inflammatory characteristics toward damaged regions of the CNS can provide neuroprotection and become a therapeutic strategy to control inflammatory processes in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Solleiro-Villavicencio
- Laboratorio de Estrés Oxidativo y Plasticidad Cerebral, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Selva Rivas-Arancibia
- Laboratorio de Estrés Oxidativo y Plasticidad Cerebral, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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D'Arena G, Vitale C, Rossi G, Coscia M, Omedè P, D'Auria F, Statuto T, Valvano L, Ciolli S, Gilestro M, Molica S, Bellesi S, Topini G, Panichi V, Autore F, Innocenti I, Musto P, Deaglio S, Laurenti L, Del Vecchio L. CD200 included in a 4-marker modified Matutes score provides optimal sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Hematol Oncol 2018; 36:543-546. [PMID: 29602219 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
CD200, a transmembrane type Ia glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily, has been shown to have a differential expression in B-cell neoplasms. Here, we retrospectively assessed the diagnostic relevance of CD200 on 427 patients with B-cell chronic neoplasms in leukemic phase (median age, 69 y; range, 35-97 y). The final diagnosis based on the investigator's assessment was chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) in 75% of cases and non-CLL in 25% of cases. Sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of CLL (vs non-CLL) were calculated for the following markers: CD200, CD5, CD22, CD23, CD79b, FMC7, and SmIg. CD23 was the only marker without a statistically significant difference between the investigator assessment and the flowcytometric analysis. The other markers were unable-when individually evaluated-to discriminate between CLL and non-CLL, requiring the integration into a scoring system. The modified score no. 1 (addition of CD200) showed superimposable sensitivity and specificity compared with the Matutes score. The substitution of CD79b (modified score no. 2), surface membrane immunoglobulins (SmIg) (modified score no. 3), and CD79b and FMC7 (modified score no. 4) with CD200 showed that only the modified score no. 4 had both higher sensitivity and higher specificity compared with standard Matutes score. In conclusion, this work defines a simplified score, compared with the classical Matutes score, for the differential diagnosis of chronic B-cell leukaemia-which only requires 4 markers instead of 5 (CD5, CD23, CD200, and SmIg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni D'Arena
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Candida Vitale
- Division of Hematology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Rossi
- Hematology Unit and Stem Cell Transplantation, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Marta Coscia
- Division of Hematology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Omedè
- Division of Hematology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Fiorella D'Auria
- Laboratory of Clinical Research and Advances Diagnostics, IRCCS Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Teodora Statuto
- Laboratory of Clinical Research and Advances Diagnostics, IRCCS Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Luciana Valvano
- Laboratory of Clinical Research and Advances Diagnostics, IRCCS Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefano Molica
- Hematology Unit, "Pugliese e Ciaccio" Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Silvia Bellesi
- Hematology Unit, Catholic University of "Sacred Hearth", Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Topini
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Belcolle Hospital, Viterbo, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Autore
- Hematology Unit, Catholic University of "Sacred Hearth", Rome, Italy
| | - Idanna Innocenti
- Hematology Unit, Catholic University of "Sacred Hearth", Rome, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Musto
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS Cancer Referral Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Laurenti
- Hematology Unit, Catholic University of "Sacred Hearth", Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Del Vecchio
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.a.r.l., "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy
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86
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The Role of Macrophages in Neuroinflammatory and Neurodegenerative Pathways of Alzheimer's Disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and Multiple Sclerosis: Pathogenetic Cellular Effectors and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2018. [PMID: 29533975 PMCID: PMC5877692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In physiological conditions, different types of macrophages can be found within the central nervous system (CNS), i.e., microglia, meningeal macrophages, and perivascular (blood-brain barrier) and choroid plexus (blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier) macrophages. Microglia and tissue-resident macrophages, as well as blood-borne monocytes, have different origins, as the former derive from yolk sac erythromyeloid precursors and the latter from the fetal liver or bone marrow. Accordingly, specific phenotypic patterns characterize each population. These cells function to maintain homeostasis and are directly involved in the development and resolution of neuroinflammatory processes. Also, following inflammation, circulating monocytes can be recruited and enter the CNS, therefore contributing to brain pathology. These cell populations have now been identified as key players in CNS pathology, including autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, and degenerative diseases, such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we review the evidence on the involvement of CNS macrophages in neuroinflammation and the advantages, pitfalls, and translational opportunities of pharmacological interventions targeting these heterogeneous cellular populations for the treatment of brain diseases.
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87
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Epps SJ, Boldison J, Stimpson ML, Khera TK, Lait PJP, Copland DA, Dick AD, Nicholson LB. Re-programming immunosurveillance in persistent non-infectious ocular inflammation. Prog Retin Eye Res 2018. [PMID: 29530739 PMCID: PMC6563519 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ocular function depends on a high level of anatomical integrity. This is threatened by inflammation, which alters the local tissue over short and long time-scales. Uveitis due to autoimmune disease, especially when it involves the retina, leads to persistent changes in how the eye interacts with the immune system. The normal pattern of immune surveillance, which for immune privileged tissues is limited, is re-programmed. Many cell types, that are not usually present in the eye, become detectable. There are changes in the tissue homeostasis and integrity. In both human disease and mouse models, in the most extreme cases, immunopathological findings consistent with development of ectopic lymphoid-like structures and disrupted angiogenesis accompany severely impaired eye function. Understanding how the ocular environment is shaped by persistent inflammation is crucial to developing novel approaches to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Epps
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Joanne Boldison
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Madeleine L Stimpson
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Tarnjit K Khera
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK; School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Philippa J P Lait
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - David A Copland
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Andrew D Dick
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK; School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK; UCL-Institute of Ophthalmology and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Lindsay B Nicholson
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK; School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
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88
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Costa RA, Power DM. Skin and scale regeneration after mechanical damage in a teleost. Mol Immunol 2018; 95:73-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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89
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Miao Y, Fan L, Wu YJ, Xia Y, Qiao C, Wang Y, Wang L, Hong M, Zhu HY, Xu W, Li JY. Low expression of CD200 predicts shorter time-to-treatment in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Oncotarget 2017; 7:13551-62. [PMID: 26910908 PMCID: PMC4924660 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CD200, formerly known as OX-2, is a type I glycoprotein that is expressed on a variety of cell types. CD200 has been shown to be overexpressed in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Although previous studies have confirmed the diagnostic value of CD200 in differentiating CLL from to other B-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders especially mantle cell lymphoma, whether CD200 has prognostic significance in CLL remains to be determined. We evaluated the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD200 in 307 consecutive, untreated patients with CLL in our center using flow cytometry. Using a CD200 MFI cutoff of 189.5, these cases could be divided into two groups. Patients with lower CD200 MFI (< 189.5) had a significantly shorter time-to-treatment (TTT) than those with higher CD200 MFI (≥ 189.5) (median TTT: 2 months vs 28 months, p = 0.0008). However, the effect of CD200 MFI on overall survival was not significant (CD200 MFI < 189.5: undefined vs CD200 MFI ≥ 189.5: undefined, P = 0.2379). In subgroup analysis, CD200 MFI retained its prognostic value in patients with favourable characteristics such as Binet stage A disease, mutated IGHV status, normal TP53 or negative CD38 expression. In conclusion, our study identified CD200 MFI as a potential prognostic factor in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Miao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lei Fan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yu-Jie Wu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yi Xia
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chun Qiao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Min Hong
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hua-Yuan Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jian-Yong Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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90
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Aref S, Azmy E, El-Bakry K, Ibrahim L, Mabed M. Prognostic impact of CD200 and CD56 expression in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 23:263-270. [PMID: 29161980 DOI: 10.1080/10245332.2017.1404276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study is to determine the prognostic relevance of CD200/ CD56 expression in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. METHODS The expression of CD200 and CD56 by blast cells was assessed by flow cytometry before the start of chemotherapy in 70 B-ALL patients. RESULTS Positive expression of CD200 was detected in forty-six patients (66%) and CD56 was detected in 7 patients (10%) out of 70 patients, respectively. Only three patients (4.3%) had co-expression for CD200+ and CD56+. Splenomegaly and thrombocytopenia were frequently observed more in CD200+ patients. Increased frequency of CD34+ was associated with CD200+and CD56+ patients. The CD200+ and CD56+ subgroups of B-ALL patients had inferior OS and disease free survival compared to CD 200- and CD 56- patients. CONCLUSIONS CD200+ and/or CD56+ positive expression in B-ALL patients at diagnosis is a poor prognostic biomarker. Identification of CD200+ and CD56+ expression at diagnosis is recommended for a better stratification of adult B-ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Aref
- a Hematology Unit, Mansoura University Oncology Center , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Emad Azmy
- b Hematology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Kadry El-Bakry
- c Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science , Damietta University , Damietta , Egypt
| | - Lobna Ibrahim
- c Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science , Damietta University , Damietta , Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mabed
- b Hematology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
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91
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Farré D, Martínez-Vicente P, Engel P, Angulo A. Immunoglobulin superfamily members encoded by viruses and their multiple roles in immune evasion. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:780-796. [PMID: 28383780 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201746984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pathogens have developed a plethora of strategies to undermine host immune defenses in order to guarantee their survival. For large DNA viruses, these immune evasion mechanisms frequently rely on the expression of genes acquired from host genomes. Horizontally transferred genes include members of the immunoglobulin superfamily, whose products constitute the most diverse group of proteins of vertebrate genomes. Their promiscuous immunoglobulin domains, which comprise the building blocks of these molecules, are involved in a large variety of functions mediated by ligand-binding interactions. The flexible structural nature of the immunoglobulin domains makes them appealing targets for viral capture due to their capacity to generate high functional diversity. Here, we present an up-to-date review of immunoglobulin superfamily gene homologs encoded by herpesviruses, poxviruses, and adenoviruses, that include CD200, CD47, Fc receptors, interleukin-1 receptor 2, interleukin-18 binding protein, CD80, carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules, and signaling lymphocyte activation molecules. We discuss their distinct structural attributes, binding properties, and functions, shaped by evolutionary pressures to disarm specific immune pathways. We include several novel genes identified from extensive genome database surveys. An understanding of the properties and modes of action of these viral proteins may guide the development of novel immune-modulatory therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domènec Farré
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Martínez-Vicente
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Engel
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Angulo
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
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92
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Abstract
Microglia are brain-resident myeloid cells that mediate key functions to support the CNS. Microglia express a wide range of receptors that act as molecular sensors, which recognize exogenous or endogenous CNS insults and initiate an immune response. In addition to their classical immune cell function, microglia act as guardians of the brain by promoting phagocytic clearance and providing trophic support to ensure tissue repair and maintain cerebral homeostasis. Conditions associated with loss of homeostasis or tissue changes induce several dynamic microglial processes, including changes of cellular morphology, surface phenotype, secretory mediators, and proliferative responses (referred to as an "activated state"). Activated microglia represent a common pathological feature of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cumulative evidence suggests that microglial inflammatory activity in AD is increased while microglial-mediated clearance mechanisms are compromised. Microglia are perpetually engaged in a mutual interaction with the surrounding environment in CNS; thus, diverse microglial reactions at different disease stages may open new avenues for therapeutic intervention and modification of inflammatory activities. In this Review, the role of microglia in the pathogenesis of AD and the modulation of microglia activity as a therapeutic modality will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heela Sarlus
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Gerontopsychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Gerontopsychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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93
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Newly Formed Endothelial Cells Regulate Myeloid Cell Activity Following Spinal Cord Injury via Expression of CD200 Ligand. J Neurosci 2017; 37:972-985. [PMID: 28123029 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2199-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is endowed with several immune-related mechanisms that contribute to its protection and maintenance in homeostasis and under pathology. Here, we discovered an additional mechanism that controls inflammatory responses within the CNS milieu under injurious conditions, involving CD200 ligand (CD200L) expressed by newly formed endothelial cells. We observed that CD200L is constitutively expressed in the mouse healthy CNS by endothelial cells of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier and of the spinal cord meninges, but not by the endothelium of the blood-spinal cord barrier. Following spinal cord injury (SCI), newly formed endothelial cells, located only at the epicenter of the lesion site, expressed CD200L. Moreover, in the absence of CD200L expression by CNS-resident cells, functional recovery of mice following SCI was impaired. High throughput single-cell flow cytometry image analysis following SCI revealed CD200L-dependent direct interaction between endothelial and local CD200R+ myeloid cells, including activated microglia and infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages (mo-MΦ). Absence of CD200L signaling, both in vitro and in vivo, resulted in a higher inflammatory response of the encountering macrophages, manifested by elevation in mRNA expression of Tnfα and Il1β, increased intracellular TNFα immunoreactivity, and reduced expression levels of macrophage factors that are associated with resolution of inflammation, Dectin-1, CD206 (mannose receptor), and IL-4R. Collectively, our results highlight the importance of CD200-mediated immune dialogue between endothelial cells and the local resident microglia and infiltrating mo-MΦ within the lesion area, as a mechanism that contributes to regulation of inflammation following acute CNS injury. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This manuscript focuses on a novel mechanism of inflammation-regulation following spinal cord injury (SCI), orchestrated by CD200-ligand (CD200L) expressed by newly formed endothelial cells within the lesion site. Our study reveals that, in homeostasis, CD200L is expressed by endothelial cells of the mouse blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier and of the blood-leptomeningeal barrier, but not by endothelial cells of the blood-spinal cord barrier. Following SCI, newly formed endothelial cells located within the epicenter of the lesion site were found to express CD200L at time points that were shown to be critical for repair. Our results reveal a direct interaction between CD200L+ endothelial cells and CD200R+ microglia and macrophages, resulting in attenuated inflammation, biasing macrophage phenotype toward inflammation-resolving cells, and promotion of functional recovery following SCI.
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94
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Tiribelli M, Geromin A, Cavallin M, Di Giusto S, Simeone E, Fanin R, Damiani D. ABCG2 and CD200 define patients at high risk of relapse in ELN favorable subgroup of AML. Eur J Haematol 2017; 99:269-274. [DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Tiribelli
- Division of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation; Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata; Udine Italy
| | - Antonella Geromin
- Division of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation; Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata; Udine Italy
| | - Margherita Cavallin
- Division of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation; Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata; Udine Italy
| | - Sara Di Giusto
- Division of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation; Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata; Udine Italy
| | - Erica Simeone
- Division of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation; Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata; Udine Italy
| | - Renato Fanin
- Division of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation; Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata; Udine Italy
| | - Daniela Damiani
- Division of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation; Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata; Udine Italy
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95
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Th1/Th2 PB balance and CD200 expression of patients with active severe alopecia areata. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:2883-2887. [PMID: 28587354 PMCID: PMC5450686 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Th1/Th2 peripheral blood balance and CD200 expression in patients with severe alopecia areata (SAA) in the active stage were investigated. Fifty patients with active SAA, 50 patients with stable SAA and 50 healthy controls were continuously selected and expression of Th1/Th2 of peripheral T lymphocytes, and peripheral B lymphocytes was detected by flow cytometry; RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of the PBMC CD200 mRNA and the expression of CD200 in hair follicles of alopecia area was detected by immunohistochemically staining; ELISA was used to detect expression levels of serum LFN-γ and serum interleukin (IL)-10. The expression of CD200 in patients with alopecia areata in active phase on CD3+ T lymphocytes and CD19+ B lymphocytes was significantly lower (P<0.05) than those in stable phase and of the control group. CD200 expression in patients with alopecia areata in stable phase on T lymphocytes was greatly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). However, the comparison of expression of CD200 in patients with alopecia areata in stable phase on B lymphocytes with the control group were statistically non-significant. The level of the expression of CD200 mRNA in active phase was obviously lower than those of the other two groups and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); the moderate positive and strong positive percentage of CD200 in the active phase was significantly lower than those of the other two groups. Positive expression rate of CK15 among the three groups were compared with each other; the differences had no statistical significance. The level of LFN-γ in the active phase had obviously increased while the IL-10 level decreased significantly (P<0.05). In conclusion, the level of expression of CD200 on peripheral blood and hair follicle outer root sheath of patients with SAA was decreased. This may be associated with the imbalance of the Th1/Th2 equilibrium.
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96
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Hühner L, Rilka J, Gilsbach R, Zhou X, Machado V, Spittau B. Interleukin-4 Protects Dopaminergic Neurons In vitro but Is Dispensable for MPTP-Induced Neurodegeneration In vivo. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:62. [PMID: 28337124 PMCID: PMC5343015 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are involved in physiological as well as neuropathological processes in the central nervous system (CNS). Their functional states are often referred to as M1-like and M2-like activation, and are believed to contribute to neuroinflammation-mediated neurodegeneration or neuroprotection, respectively. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one the most common neurodegenerative disease and is characterized by the progressive loss of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons in the substantia nigra resulting in bradykinesia, tremor, and rigidity. Interleukin 4 (IL4)-mediated M2-like activation of microglia, which is characterized by upregulation of alternative markers Arginase 1 (Arg1) and Chitinase 3 like 3 (Ym1) has been well studied in vitro but the role of endogenous IL4 during CNS pathologies in vivo is not well understood. Interestingly, microglia activation by IL4 has been described to promote neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects, which might be important to slow the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, we addressed the role of endogenous and exogenous IL4 during MPP+-induced degeneration of mDA neurons in vitro and further addressed the impact of IL4-deficiency on neurodegeneration in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of PD in vivo. Our results clearly demonstrate that exogenous IL4 is important to protect mDA neurons in vitro, but endogenous IL4 seems to be dispensable for development and maintenance of the nigrostriatal system as well as MPTP-induced loss of TH+ neurons in vivo. These results underline the importance of IL4 in promoting a neuroprotective microglia activation state and strengthen the therapeutic potential of exogenous IL4 for protection of mDA neurons in PD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hühner
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Rilka
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Gilsbach
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Xiaolai Zhou
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of FreiburgFreiburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, IthacaNY, USA
| | - Venissa Machado
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Björn Spittau
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
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97
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Gallagher S, Turman S, Lekstrom K, Wilson S, Herbst R, Wang Y. CD47 limits antibody dependent phagocytosis against non-malignant B cells. Mol Immunol 2017; 85:57-65. [PMID: 28208074 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of CD47 in protecting malignant B cells from antibody dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). Combined treatment of anti-CD47 and -CD20 antibodies synergistically augment elimination of tumor B cells in xenograft mouse models. This has led to the development of novel reagents that can potentially enhance killing of malignant B cells in patients. B cell depleting therapy is also a promising treatment for autoimmune patients. In the current study, we aimed to investigate whether or not CD47 protects non-malignant B cells from ADCP. We show that CD47 is expressed on all B cells in mice, with the highest level on plasma cells in bone marrow and spleen. Although its expression is dispensable for B cell development in mice, CD47 on B cells limits antibody mediated phagocytosis. B cell depletion following in vivo anti-CD19 treatment is more efficient in CD47-/- mice than in wild type mice. In vitro, both naïve and activated B cells from CD47-/- mice are more sensitive to ADCP than wild type B cells. Lastly, we show in an ADCP assay that blocking CD47 can enhance anti-CD19 antibody mediated phagocytosis of wild type B cells. These results suggest that in addition to its already demonstrated benefit in cancer, targeting CD47 may be used as an adjunct in combination with B cell depletion antibodies for treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gallagher
- Department of Oncology Research, MedImmune, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Sean Turman
- Department of Oncology Research, MedImmune, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Kristen Lekstrom
- Department of Protein Science, MedImmune, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Susan Wilson
- Department of Protein Science, MedImmune, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Ronald Herbst
- Department of Oncology Research, MedImmune, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Oncology Research, MedImmune, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
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98
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Over-expression of CD200 predicts poor prognosis in MDS. Leuk Res 2017; 56:1-6. [PMID: 28152413 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We studied the expression of CD200 in a series of 101 patients with diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), to evaluate its impact on outcome and its possible association with other known prognostic factors. MATERIAL/METHODS The CD200 was detected by flow cytometry, and the chromosome karyotypes were determined by G banding respectively. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze the association among CD200 expression and clinical features. In addition, the overall survival and AML transformation of the MDS patients according to the expression level of CD200 was also explored. RESULTS Overall, the flow cytometric analyses confirmed that expression of CD200 was high in this patient cohort compared to normal BM (p<0.01). The levels of CD200 in RCUD (20.3%±4.3%), RCMD (25.0%±4.5%), RAEB-1 (39.2%±4.9%), and RAEB-2 (43.2%±5.8%) groups were obviously higher than that of RARS group (6.8%±1.7%, P<0.05). Significant differences of CD200 expression were observed in the 4 groups of MDS according to IPSS risk(P<0.01). After 45-month follow-up, Kaplan-Meier analysis of patients with MDS in our study indicated that patients with high expression level of CD200 had a shorter overall survival and a high Leukemic transformation than those with low expression (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our findings provide firstly the evidence that CD200 is up-regulated and emerging as both a prognostic factor and a potential target of novel therapeutic approaches for MDS.
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Peña-Ortega F. Pharmacological Tools to Activate Microglia and their Possible use to Study Neural Network Patho-physiology. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 15:595-619. [PMID: 27697040 PMCID: PMC5543677 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666160928151546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglia are the resident immunocompetent cells of the CNS and also constitute a unique cell type that contributes to neural network homeostasis and function. Understanding microglia cell-signaling not only will reveal their diverse functions but also will help to identify pharmacological and non-pharmacological tools to modulate the activity of these cells. METHODS We undertook a search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research literature to identify microglial activators and their cell-specificity. We also looked for their effects on neural network function and dysfunction. RESULTS We identified several pharmacological targets to modulate microglial function, which are more or less specific (with the proper control experiments). We also identified pharmacological targets that would require the development of new potent and specific modulators. We identified a wealth of evidence about the participation of microglia in neural network function and their alterations in pathological conditions. CONCLUSION The identification of specific microglia-activating signals provides experimental tools to modulate the activity of this heterogeneous cell type in order to evaluate its impact on other components of the nervous system, and it also helps to identify therapeutic approaches to ease some pathological conditions related to microglial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Peña-Ortega
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM-Campus Juriquilla, México
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Carta AR, Mulas G, Bortolanza M, Duarte T, Pillai E, Fisone G, Vozari RR, Del-Bel E. l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia and neuroinflammation: do microglia and astrocytes play a role? Eur J Neurosci 2016; 45:73-91. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna R. Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato; S.P. N. 8 09042 Monserrato Cagliari Italy
| | - Giovanna Mulas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato; S.P. N. 8 09042 Monserrato Cagliari Italy
| | - Mariza Bortolanza
- School of Odontology of Ribeirão Preto; Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology; University of São Paulo (USP); Av. Café S/N 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
- USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA); São Paulo Brazil
| | - Terence Duarte
- School of Odontology of Ribeirão Preto; Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology; University of São Paulo (USP); Av. Café S/N 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
- USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA); São Paulo Brazil
| | - Elisabetta Pillai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato; S.P. N. 8 09042 Monserrato Cagliari Italy
| | - Gilberto Fisone
- Department of Neuroscience; Karolinska Institutet; Retzius väg 8 17177 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Rita Raisman Vozari
- INSERM U 1127; CNRS UMR 7225; UPMC Univ Paris 06; UMR S 1127; Institut Du Cerveau et de La Moelle Epiniére; ICM; Paris France
| | - Elaine Del-Bel
- School of Odontology of Ribeirão Preto; Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology; University of São Paulo (USP); Av. Café S/N 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
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