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Serafim MSM, Lavorato SN, Kronenberger T, Sousa YV, Oliveira GP, Dos Santos SG, Kroon EG, Maltarollo VG, Alves RJ, Mota BEF. Antibacterial activity of synthetic 1,3-bis(aryloxy)propan-2-amines against Gram-positive bacteria. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e814. [PMID: 30773849 PMCID: PMC6855212 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic 1,3‐bis(aryloxy)propan‐2‐amines have been shown in previous studies to possess several biological activities, such as antifungal and antiprotozoal. In the present study, we describe the antibacterial activity of new synthetic 1,3‐bis(aryloxy)propan‐2‐amines against Gram‐positive pathogens (Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus) including Methicillin–resistant S. aureus strains. Our compounds showed minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) in the range of 2.5–10 μg/ml (5.99–28.58 μM), against different bacterial strains. The minimal bactericidal concentrations found were similar to MIC, suggesting a bactericidal mechanism of action of these compounds. Furthermore, possible molecular targets were suggested by chemical similarity search followed by docking approaches. Our compounds are similar to known ligands targeting the cell division protein FtsZ, Quinolone resistance protein norA and the Enoyl‐[acyl‐carrier‐protein] reductase FabI. Taken together, our data show that synthetic 1,3‐bis(aryloxy)propan‐2‐amines are active against Gram‐positive bacteria, including multidrug–resistant strains and can be a promising lead in the development of new antibacterial compounds for the treatment of these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus S M Serafim
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Stefânia N Lavorato
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thales Kronenberger
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yamara V Sousa
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Graziele P Oliveira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Simone G Dos Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Erna G Kroon
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vinícius G Maltarollo
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ricardo J Alves
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Bruno E F Mota
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Aruhomukama D, Sserwadda I, Mboowa G. Investigating colistin drug resistance: The role of high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics. F1000Res 2019; 8:150. [PMID: 31354944 PMCID: PMC6635981 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.18081.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections involving antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria continue to increase and represent a major global public health concern. Resistance to antibiotics in these bacteria is mediated by chromosomal and/or acquired resistance mechanisms, these give rise to multi-drug resistant (MDR), extensive-drug resistant (XDR) or pan-drug resistant (PDR) bacterial strains. Most recently, plasmid-mediated resistance to colistin, an antibiotic that had been set apart as the last resort antibiotic in the treatment of infections involving MDR, XDR and PDR gram-negative bacteria has been reported. Plasmid-mediated colistin resistant gram-negative bacteria have been described to be PDR, implying a state devoid of alternative antibiotic therapeutic options. This review concisely describes the evolution of antibiotic resistance to plasmid-mediated colistin resistance and discusses the potential role of high-throughput sequencing technologies, genomics, and bioinformatics towards improving antibiotic resistance surveillance, the search for novel drug targets and precision antibiotic therapy focused at combating colistin resistance, and antibiotic resistance as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dickson Aruhomukama
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, 7072, Uganda
| | - Ivan Sserwadda
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, 7072, Uganda
| | - Gerald Mboowa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, 7072, Uganda
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, 7072, Uganda
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53
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Aruhomukama D, Sserwadda I, Mboowa G. Investigating colistin drug resistance: The role of high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics. F1000Res 2019; 8:150. [PMID: 31354944 PMCID: PMC6635981 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.18081.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections involving antibiotic resistant gram-negative bacteria continue to increase and represent a major global public health concern. Resistance to antibiotics in these bacteria is mediated by chromosomal and/or acquired resistance mechanisms, these give rise to multi-drug resistant (MDR) or extensive drug resistant (XDR) bacterial strains. Most recently, a novel acquired plasmid mediated resistance mechanism to colistin, an antibiotic that had been set apart as the last resort antibiotic in the treatment of infections involving MDR and XDR gram-negative bacteria, has been reported. Plasmid mediated colistin resistant gram-negative bacteria have been described to be pan-drug resistant, implying a state devoid of alternative antibiotic therapeutic options. This review describes the evolution of antibiotic resistance to plasmid mediated colistin resistance, and discusses the potential role of high-throughput sequencing technologies, genomics and bioinformatics towards improving antibiotic resistance surveillance, the search for novel drug targets and precision antibiotic therapy focused at combating colistin resistance, and antimicrobial resistance as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dickson Aruhomukama
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, 7072, Uganda
| | - Ivan Sserwadda
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, 7072, Uganda
| | - Gerald Mboowa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, 7072, Uganda
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, 7072, Uganda
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Antão EM, Vincze S, Hanke R, Klimmek L, Suchecka K, Lübke-Becker A, Wieler LH. Antibiotic resistance, the 3As and the road ahead. Gut Pathog 2018; 10:52. [PMID: 30598701 PMCID: PMC6303944 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-018-0280-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is by far one of the most important health threats of our time. Only a global concerted effort of several disciplines based on the One-Health concept will help in slowing down this process and potentially mitigate the ruin of healthcare we have come to enjoy. In this review, we attempt to summarize the most basic and important topics that serve as good information tools to create Awareness. The Availability of antibiotics or the lack thereof is another significant factor that must be given thought, and finally because antibiotic resistance is a problem that will not go away, it is important to have Alternatives. Together, we have the 3As, essential concepts, in dealing with this growing and complex problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther-Maria Antão
- 1Centre for Infection Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie University Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany.,2Robert-Koch-Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Szilvia Vincze
- 1Centre for Infection Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie University Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany.,4Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Regina Hanke
- Lindgrün GmbH, Cuxhavener Str. 12, 10557 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Klimmek
- Lindgrün GmbH, Cuxhavener Str. 12, 10557 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Antina Lübke-Becker
- 1Centre for Infection Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie University Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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Loose M, Naber KG, Hu Y, Coates A, Wagenlehner FM. Serum bactericidal activity of colistin and azidothymidine combinations against mcr-1-positive colistin-resistant Escherichia coli. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2018; 52:783-789. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Li B, Ke B, Zhao X, Guo Y, Wang W, Wang X, Zhu H. Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of mcr-1 Positive Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli in China From 2013 to 2016. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2514. [PMID: 30405572 PMCID: PMC6206212 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli poses a great challenge for public health in recent decades. Polymyxins have been reconsidered as a valuable therapeutic option for the treatment of infections caused by MDR E. coli. A plasmid-encoded colistin resistance gene mcr-1 encoding phosphoethanolamine transferase has been recently described in Enterobacteriaceae. In this study, a total of 123 E. coli isolates obtained from patients with diarrheal diseases in China were used for the genetic analysis of colistin resistance in clinical isolates. Antimicrobial resistance profile of polymyxin B (PB) and 11 commonly used antimicrobial agents were determined. Among the 123 E. coli isolates, 9 isolates (7.3%) were resistant to PB and PCR screening showed that seven (5.7%) isolates carried the mcr-1 gene. A hybrid sequencing analysis using single-molecule, real-time (SMRT) sequencing and Illumina sequencing was then performed to resolve the genomes of the seven mcr-1 positive isolates. These seven isolates harbored multiple plasmids and are MDR, with six isolates carrying one mcr-1 positive plasmid and one isolate (14EC033) carrying two mcr-1 positive plasmids. These eight mcr-1 positive plasmids belonged to the IncX4, IncI2, and IncP1 types. In addition, the mcr-1 gene was the solo antibiotic resistance gene identified in the mcr-1 positive plasmids, while the rest of the antibiotic resistance genes were mostly clustered into one or two plasmids. Interestingly, one mcr-1 positive isolate (14EC047) was susceptible to PB, and we showed that the activity of MCR-1-mediated colistin resistance was not phenotypically expressed in 14EC047 host strain. Furthermore, three isolates exhibited resistance to PB but did not carry previously reported mcr-related genes. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) showed that these mcr-1 positive E. coli isolates belonged to five different STs, and three isolates belonged to ST301 which carried multiple virulence factors related to diarrhea. Additionally, the mcr-1 positive isolates were all susceptible to imipenem (IMP), suggesting that IMP could be used to treat infection caused by mcr-1 positive E. coli isolates. Collectively, this study showed a high occurrence of mcr-1 positive plasmids in patients with diarrheal diseases of Guangzhou in China and the abolishment of the MCR-1 mediated colistin resistance in one E. coli isolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center (GDMCC), Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bixia Ke
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuanyu Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunxue Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiquan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Honghui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center (GDMCC), Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, China
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Kieffer N, Aires-de-Sousa M, Nordmann P, Poirel L. High Rate of MCR-1-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae among Pigs, Portugal. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 23:2023-2029. [PMID: 29148380 PMCID: PMC5708242 DOI: 10.3201/eid2312.170883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The mcr-1 (mobile colistin resistance 1) gene, which encodes phosphoethanolamine transferase, has been recently identified as a source of acquired resistance to polymyxins in Escherichia coli. Using the SuperPolymyxin selective medium, we prospectively screened 100 pigs at 2 farms in Portugal for polymyxin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and recovered 98 plasmid-mediated MCR-1–producing isolates. Most isolates corresponded to nonclonally related E. coli belonging to many sequence types; we also found 2 Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence types. The mcr-1 gene was carried on IncHI2 or IncP plasmid backbones. Our finding of a high rate of MCR-1 producers on 2 pig farms in Portugal highlights the diffusion of that colistin-resistance determinant at the farm level. The fact that the pigs received colistin as metaphylaxis in their feed during the 6 weeks before sampling suggests selective pressure.
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58
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Stogios PJ, Cox G, Zubyk HL, Evdokimova E, Wawrzak Z, Wright GD, Savchenko A. Substrate Recognition by a Colistin Resistance Enzyme from Moraxella catarrhalis. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:1322-1332. [PMID: 29631403 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lipid A phosphoethanolamine (PEtN) transferases render bacteria resistant to the last resort antibiotic colistin. The recent discoveries of pathogenic bacteria harboring plasmid-borne PEtN transferase ( mcr) genes have illustrated the serious potential for wide dissemination of these resistance elements. The origin of mcr-1 is traced to Moraxella species co-occupying environmental niches with Enterobacteriaceae. Here, we describe the crystal structure of the catalytic domain of the chromosomally encoded colistin resistance PEtN transferase, ICR Mc (for intrinsic colistin resistance) of Moraxella catarrhalis. The ICR Mc structure in complex with PEtN reveals key molecular details including specific residues involved in catalysis and PEtN binding. It also demonstrates that ICR Mc catalytic domain dimerization is required for substrate binding. Our structure-guided phylogenetic analysis provides sequence signatures defining potentially colistin-active representatives in this enzyme family. Combined, these results advance the molecular and mechanistic understanding of PEtN transferases and illuminate their origins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgina Cox
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Haley L. Zubyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | | | - Zdzislaw Wawrzak
- LS-CAT, Synchrotron Research Center, Northwestern University, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Gerard D. Wright
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Alexei Savchenko
- Center for Structural
Genomics of Infectious Diseases (CSGID)
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Health Research Innovation Centre, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, HRIC-2C66, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
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Plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in animals: current status and future directions. Anim Health Res Rev 2018; 18:136-152. [DOI: 10.1017/s1466252317000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AbstractColistin, a peptide antibiotic belonging to the polymyxin family, is one of the last effective drugs for the treatment of multidrug resistant Gram-negative infections. Recent discovery of a novel mobile colistin resistance gene,mcr-1, from people and food animals has caused a significant public health concern and drawn worldwide attention. Extensive usage of colistin in food animals has been proposed as a major driving force for the emergence and transmission ofmcr-1; thus, there is a worldwide trend to limit colistin usage in animal production. However, despite lack of colistin usage in food animals in the USA,mcr-1-positiveEscherichia coliisolates were still isolated from swine. In this paper, we provided an overview of colistin usage and epidemiology ofmcr-1in food animals, and summarized the current status of mechanistic and evolutionary studies of the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance. Based on published information, we further discussed several non-colistin usage risk factors that may contribute to the persistence, transmission, and emergence of colistin resistance in an animal production system. Filling the knowledge gaps identified in this review is critical for risk assessment and risk management of colistin resistance, which will facilitate proactive and effective strategies to mitigate colistin resistance in future animal production systems.
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60
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Feng Y. Transferability of MCR-1/2 Polymyxin Resistance: Complex Dissemination and Genetic Mechanism. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:291-300. [PMID: 29397687 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polymyxins, a group of cationic antimicrobial polypeptides, act as a last-resort defense against lethal infections by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. Recent emergence and fast spread of mobilized colistin resistance determinant mcr-1 argue the renewed interest of colistin in clinical therapies, threatening global public health and agriculture production. This mini-review aims to present an updated overview of mcr-1, covering its global dissemination, the diversity of its hosts/plasmid reservoirs, the complexity in the genetic environment adjacent to mcr-1, the appearance of new mcr-like genes, and the molecular mechanisms for mobilized colistin resistance determinant 1/2 (MCR-1/2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjun Feng
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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Principe L, Piazza A, Mauri C, Anesi A, Bracco S, Brigante G, Casari E, Agrappi C, Caltagirone M, Novazzi F, Migliavacca R, Pagani L, Luzzaro F. Multicenter prospective study on the prevalence of colistin resistance in Escherichia coli: relevance of mcr-1-positive clinical isolates in Lombardy, Northern Italy. Infect Drug Resist 2018; 11:377-385. [PMID: 29563818 PMCID: PMC5849922 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s160489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The emergence of the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanism in Escherichia coli has raised concern among public health experts as colistin is a last-line antimicrobial resort. The primary aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of this resistance trait in E. coli isolates circulating in the Lombardy region, Northern Italy. The presence of mcr-type genes and their genetic relationship were also studied. Materials and methods A prospective study was performed during a 4-month period (May to August, 2016) in six acute care Hospitals. Consecutive nonduplicate clinical isolates of E. coli from any type of clinical specimen, with the exception of rectal swabs, were included in the study. Isolates that exhibited MIC values for colistin >2 mg/L were further investigated. Bacterial identification was obtained by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Amplification of mcr-type genes (−1 to −5 variants) and microarray analysis were accomplished. Repetitive sequence-based PCR (Rep-PCR) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis were used for genotyping. Results Overall, 3,902 consecutive E. coli isolates (2,342 from outpatients, 1,560 from inpatients) were evaluated during the study period. Of them, 18/3,902 (0.5%), collected from 4/6 centers, showed resistance to colistin. These isolates were mostly obtained from urine of both outpatients (n=12) and inpatients (n=6). Colistin MIC values ranged from 4 to 8 mg/L. The mcr-1 gene was detected in 10/18 isolates (7 from outpatients, 3 from inpatients). Rep-PCR and MLST analysis revealed the presence of nine different clusters. Further mcr-type genes were not detected. Conclusion Resistance to colistin in E. coli clinical isolates appears low in our geographic area. With regard to mcr-1-positive isolates, they accounted for approximately 50% of colistin-resistant E. coli isolates, thus representing a relevant resistance mechanism in this context. Although overall limited, the presence of mcr-1 determinant in our region should not be ignored and great concern should be given to the continuous surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Principe
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, A. Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy
| | - Aurora Piazza
- Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences Department, Unit of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi Pediatric Research Center, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carola Mauri
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, A. Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy
| | - Adriano Anesi
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, ASST Lodi, Lodi, Italy
| | - Silvia Bracco
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, ASST Vimercate, Vimercate, Italy
| | - Gioconda Brigante
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, ASST Valle Olona, Busto Arsizio, Italy
| | - Erminia Casari
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, IRCCS "Humanitas," Rozzano, Italy
| | - Carlo Agrappi
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, ASST Ovest Milanese, Legnano, Italy
| | - Mariasofia Caltagirone
- Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences Department, Unit of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Novazzi
- Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences Department, Unit of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberta Migliavacca
- Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences Department, Unit of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Pagani
- Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences Department, Unit of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Bakthavatchalam YD, Pragasam AK, Biswas I, Veeraraghavan B. Polymyxin susceptibility testing, interpretative breakpoints and resistance mechanisms: An update. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2018; 12:124-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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63
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Emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (mcr-1) among Enterobacteriaceae strains: Laboratory detection of resistance and measures to control its dissemination. Med Mal Infect 2018; 48:250-255. [PMID: 29475568 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of colistin has contributed to the emergence of resistant bacteria and to an increase in the frequency of infections caused by naturally resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains such as Proteus, Providencia, Morganella, and Serratia. In August 2016, the French High Council for Public Health (French acronym HCSP) received a request from the Ministry of Health on the advice of the French National Public Health agency (Santé publique France) with regard to measures that should be taken to tackle the emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance among Enterobacteriaceae strains. French healthcare facilities were asked to take the necessary measures as soon as possible, such as updating the definition of emerging highly resistant bacteria and defining the identification methods so as to take account of the evolving epidemiology of this type of resistance. This article describes the epidemiological context of the discovery of this emergence in France and worldwide, the resistance mechanisms, the microbiological methods of routine laboratory detection and the level of hygiene measures to implement in French facilities.
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Detection of Plasmid-Mediated Colistin Resistance, mcr-1 and mcr-2 Genes, in Salmonella spp. Isolated from Food at Retail in Belgium from 2012 to 2015. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2018; 15:114-117. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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65
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Wong SCY, Tse H, Chen JHK, Cheng VCC, Ho PL, Yuen KY. Colistin-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Carrying the mcr-1 Gene among Patients in Hong Kong. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 22:1667-9. [PMID: 27532341 PMCID: PMC4994376 DOI: 10.3201/eid2209.160091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Yu CY, Ang GY, Chong TM, Chin PS, Ngeow YF, Yin WF, Chan KG. Complete genome sequencing revealed novel genetic contexts of the mcr-1 gene in Escherichia coli strains. J Antimicrob Chemother 2018; 72:1253-1255. [PMID: 28031273 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Choo Yee Yu
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Geik Yong Ang
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Teik-Min Chong
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pui San Chin
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yun Fong Ngeow
- Department of Pre-clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wai-Fong Yin
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Abstract
The test is inexpensive, easy to perform, sensitive, specific, and can be completed in <2 hours. For identification of polymyxin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae, we developed a rapid test that detects glucose metabolization associated with bacterial growth in the presence of a defined concentration of colistin or polymyxin B. Formation of acid metabolites is evidenced by a color change (orange to yellow) of a pH indicator (red phenol). To evaluate the test, we used bacterial colonies of 135 isolates expressing various mechanisms of colistin resistance (intrinsic, chromosomally encoded, and plasmid-mediated MCR-1) and 65 colistin-susceptible isolates. Sensitivity and specificity were 99.3% and 95.4%, respectively, compared with the standard broth microdilution method. This new test is inexpensive, easy to perform, sensitive, specific, and can be completed in <2 hours. It could be useful in countries facing endemic spread of carbapenemase producers and for which polymyxins are last-resort drugs.
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Wei P, Song G, Shi M, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Lei J, Chen P, Yin L. Substrate analog interaction with MCR-1 offers insight into the rising threat of the plasmid-mediated transferable colistin resistance. FASEB J 2018; 32:1085-1098. [PMID: 29079699 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700705r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Colistin is considered a last-resort antibiotic against most gram-negative bacteria. Recent discoveries of a plasmid-mediated, transferable mobilized colistin-resistance gene ( mcr-1) on all continents have heralded the imminent emergence of pan-drug-resistant superbacteria. The inner-membrane protein MCR-1 can catalyze the transfer of phosphoethanolamine (PEA) to lipid A, resulting in colistin resistance. However, little is known about the mechanism, and few drugs exist to address this issue. We present crystal structures revealing the MCR-1 catalytic domain (cMCR-1) as a monozinc metalloprotein with ethanolamine (ETA) and d-glucose, respectively, thus highlighting 2 possible substrate-binding pockets in the MCR-1-catalyzed PEA transfer reaction. Mutation of the residues involved in ETA and d-glucose binding impairs colistin resistance in recombinant Escherichia coli containing full-length MCR-1. Partial analogs of the substrate are used for cocrystallization with cMCR-1, providing valuable information about the family of PEA transferases. One of the analogs, ETA, causes clear inhibition of polymyxin B resistance, highlighting its potential for drug development. These data demonstrate the crucial role of the PEA- and lipid A-binding pockets and provide novel insights into the structure-based mechanisms, important drug-target hot spots, and a drug template for further drug development to combat the urgent, rising threat of MCR-1-mediated antibiotic resistance.-Wei, P., Song, G., Shi, M., Zhou, Y., Liu, Y., Lei, J., Chen, P., Yin, L. Substrate analog interaction with MCR-1 offers insight into the rising threat of the plasmid-mediated transferable colistin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangji Song
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yafei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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69
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Study of mcr-1 Gene-Mediated Colistin Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Humans and Animals in Different Countries. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8120394. [PMID: 29257080 PMCID: PMC5748712 DOI: 10.3390/genes8120394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aim to characterize the genetic environment of the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in 25 Escherichia coli and seven Klebsiella pneumoniae strains from different countries and continents. Multilocus sequence typing, conjugation experiments, plasmid typing, and the presence and location of the insertion sequence ISApl1 were investigated. Whole genome sequencing of four E. coli was performed to analyse the genetic environment of the mcr-1 gene. Colistin minimum inhibitory concentration of mcr-1 strains varied from 3 to 32 µg/mL. Six E. coli sequence types were detected: ST 4015, ST 3997, ST 10, ST 93, ST 48, and ST 648. IncHI2, IncI2, and IncP plasmid types were predominant and were unrelated to a specific country of origin. ISApl1 was found in 69% of analysed plasmids that were mainly around the mcr-1 gene. Analysis of four closed mcr-1 plasmids revealed the integration of mcr-1 into hotspots. We found that the spread of mcr-1 gene was due to the diffusion of a composite transposon and not to the diffusion of a specific plasmid or a specific bacterial clone. The ease with which the mcr-1 gene integrates into various regions facilitates its dissemination among bacteria and explains its large diffusion all over the world, both in animals and in humans.
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70
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Mohd Rani F, A Rahman NI, Ismail S, Alattraqchi AG, Cleary DW, Clarke SC, Yeo CC. Acinetobacter spp. Infections in Malaysia: A Review of Antimicrobial Resistance Trends, Mechanisms and Epidemiology. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2479. [PMID: 29312188 PMCID: PMC5733036 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter spp. are important nosocomial pathogens, in particular the Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex, which have become a global public health threat due to increasing resistance to carbapenems and almost all other antimicrobial compounds. High rates of resistance have been reported among countries in Southeast Asia, including Malaysia. In this review, we examine the antimicrobial resistance profiles of Acinetobacter spp. hospital isolates from Malaysia over a period of nearly three decades (1987–2016) with data obtained from various peer-reviewed publications as well as the Malaysian National Surveillance on Antibiotic Resistance (NSAR). NSAR data indicated that for most antimicrobial compounds, including carbapenems, the peak resistance rates were reached around 2008–2009 and thereafter, rates have remained fairly constant (e.g., 50–60% for carbapenems). Individual reports from various hospitals in Peninsular Malaysia do not always reflect the nationwide resistance rates and often showed higher rates of resistance. We also reviewed the epidemiology and mechanisms of resistance that have been investigated in Malaysian Acinetobacter spp. isolates, particularly carbapenem resistance and found that blaOXA-23 is the most prevalent acquired carbapenemase-encoding gene. From the very few published reports and whole genome sequences that are available, most of the Acinetobacter spp. isolates from Malaysia belonged to the Global Clone 2 (GC2) CC92 group with ST195 being the predominant sequence type. The quality of data and analysis in the national surveillance reports could be improved and more molecular epidemiology and genomics studies need to be carried out for further in-depth understanding of Malaysian Acinetobacter spp. isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farahiyah Mohd Rani
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nor Iza A Rahman
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Salwani Ismail
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | | | - David W Cleary
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart C Clarke
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Global Health Research Institute, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chew Chieng Yeo
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
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71
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Cui M, Zhang J, Zhang C, Li R, Wai-Chi Chan E, Wu C, Wu C, Chen S. Distinct mechanisms of acquisition of mcr-1 -bearing plasmid by Salmonella strains recovered from animals and food samples. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13199. [PMID: 29038441 PMCID: PMC5643344 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01810-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the report of its discovery in E. coli in late 2015, the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene, mcr-1, has been detected in various bacterial species in clinical setting and various environmental niches. However, the transmission mechanisms of this gene in Salmonella is less defined. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive study to characterize the genetic features of mcr-1-positive Salmonella strains isolated from animals and foods. Our data revealed that Salmonella recovered from animals and food specimens exhibited highly different PFGE patterns, and acquired mcr-1-encoding plasmids via different mechanism. Plasmids harboring mcr-1 in Salmonella food isolates were all conjugative and similar as plasmids reported in other species of Enterobacteriaceae, whereas mcr-1-bearing plasmids from animal Salmonella isolates were not conjugative, and belonged to the IncHI2 type. The lack of a region carrying the tra genes was found to account for the inability to undergo conjugation for various sizes of IncHI2 plasmids harbored by animal strains. These data suggest that transmission of mcr-1-positive Salmonella from animal to food might not be a common event and food isolates may have acquired mcr-1-bearing plasmids from other mcr-1-positive bacteria such as E. coli, which co-exist in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingquan Cui
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agriculture University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinfei Zhang
- Shenzhen Key lab for Food Biological Safety Control, Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Hong Kong PolyU Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China.,State Key Lab of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Chunping Zhang
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ruichao Li
- Shenzhen Key lab for Food Biological Safety Control, Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Hong Kong PolyU Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China.,State Key Lab of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Edward Wai-Chi Chan
- State Key Lab of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Chenbin Wu
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Congming Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agriculture University, Beijing, China.
| | - Sheng Chen
- Shenzhen Key lab for Food Biological Safety Control, Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Hong Kong PolyU Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China. .,State Key Lab of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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72
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Li R, Xie M, Lv J, Wai-Chi Chan E, Chen S. Complete genetic analysis of plasmids carrying mcr-1 and other resistance genes in an Escherichia coli isolate of animal origin. J Antimicrob Chemother 2017; 72:696-699. [PMID: 27999050 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the genetic features of three plasmids recovered from an MCR-1 and ESBL-producing Escherichia coli strain, HYEC7, and characterize the transmission mechanism of mcr-1 . Methods The genetic profiles of three plasmids were determined by PCR, S1-PFGE, Southern hybridization and WGS analysis. The ability of the mcr-1 -bearing plasmid to undergo conjugation was also assessed. The mcr-1 -bearing transposon Tn 6330 was characterized by PCR and DNA sequencing. Results Complete sequences of three plasmids were obtained. A non-conjugative phage P7-like plasmid, pHYEC7- mcr1 , was found to harbour the mcr-1 -bearing transposon Tn 6330 , which could be excised from the plasmid by generating a circular intermediate harbouring mcr-1 and the IS Apl1 element. The insertion of the circular intermediate into another plasmid, pHYEC7-IncHI2, could form pHNSHP45-2, the original IncHI2-type mcr-1 -carrying plasmid that was reported. The third plasmid, pHYEC7-110, harboured two replicons, IncX1 and IncFIB, and comprised multiple antimicrobial resistance mobile elements, some of which were shared by pHYEC7-IncHI2. Conclusions The Tn 6330 element located in the phage-like plasmid pHYEC7- mcr1 could be excised from the plasmid and formed a circular intermediate that could be integrated into plasmids containing the IS Apl1 element. This phenomenon indicated that Tn 6330 is a key element responsible for widespread dissemination of mcr-1 among various types of plasmids and bacterial chromosomes. The dissemination rate of such an element may be further enhanced upon translocation into phage-like vectors, which may also be transmitted via transduction events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruichao Li
- Shenzhen Key Lab for Food Biological Safety Control, Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Hong Kong PolyU Shen Zhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China.,The State Key Lab of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Miaomiao Xie
- Shenzhen Key Lab for Food Biological Safety Control, Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Hong Kong PolyU Shen Zhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Jingzhang Lv
- Division of Food Inspection and Supervision, Shenzhen Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of the People's Republic of China, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Edward Wai-Chi Chan
- The State Key Lab of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Sheng Chen
- Shenzhen Key Lab for Food Biological Safety Control, Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Hong Kong PolyU Shen Zhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China.,The State Key Lab of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
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73
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Webb HE, Angulo FJ, Granier SA, Scott HM, Loneragan GH. Illustrative examples of probable transfer of resistance determinants from food animals to humans: Streptothricins, glycopeptides, and colistin. F1000Res 2017; 6:1805. [PMID: 29188021 PMCID: PMC5686510 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12777.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Use, overuse, and misuse of antimicrobials contributes to selection and dissemination of bacterial resistance determinants that may be transferred to humans and constitute a global public health concern. Because of the continued emergence and expansion of antimicrobial resistance, combined with the lack of novel antimicrobial agents, efforts are underway to preserve the efficacy of current available life-saving antimicrobials in humans. As a result, uses of medically important antimicrobials in food animal production have generated debate and led to calls to reduce both antimicrobial use and the need for use. This manuscript, commissioned by the World Health Organization (WHO) to help inform the development of the WHO guidelines on the use of medically important antimicrobials in food animals, includes three illustrations of antimicrobial use in food animal production that has contributed to the selection-and subsequent transfer-of resistance determinants from food animals to humans. Herein, antimicrobial use and the epidemiology of bacterial resistance are described for streptothricins, glycopeptides, and colistin. Taken together, these historical and current narratives reinforce the need for actions that will preserve the efficacy of antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hattie E. Webb
- International Center for Food Industry Excellence, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Frederick J. Angulo
- Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - Sophie A. Granier
- Laboratory for Food Safety, Anses, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, F-94701, France
| | - H. Morgan Scott
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Guy H. Loneragan
- International Center for Food Industry Excellence, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
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74
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Molecular epidemiology of colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in inpatient and avian isolates from China: high prevalence of mcr -negative Klebsiella pneumoniae. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2017; 50:536-541. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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75
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Rapid and Consistent Evolution of Colistin Resistance in Extensively Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa during Morbidostat Culture. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017. [PMID: 28630206 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00043-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Colistin is a last-resort antibiotic commonly used against multidrug-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa To investigate the potential for in situ evolution of resistance against colistin and to map the molecular targets of colistin resistance, we exposed two P. aeruginosa isolates to colistin using a continuous-culture device known as a morbidostat. As a result, colistin resistance reproducibly increased 10-fold within 10 days and 100-fold within 20 days, along with highly stereotypic yet strain-specific mutation patterns. The majority of mutations hit the pmrAB two-component signaling system and genes involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synthesis, including lpxC, pmrE, and migA We tracked the frequencies of all arising mutations by whole-genome deep sequencing every 3 to 4 days to obtain a detailed picture of the dynamics of resistance evolution, including competition and displacement among multiple resistant subpopulations. In 7 out of 18 cultures, we observed mutations in mutS along with a mutator phenotype that seemed to facilitate resistance evolution.
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76
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Xavier BB, Lammens C, Ruhal R, Kumar-Singh S, Butaye P, Goossens H, Malhotra-Kumar S. Identification of a novel plasmid-mediated colistin-resistance gene, mcr-2, in Escherichia coli, Belgium, June 2016. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 21:30280. [PMID: 27416987 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2016.21.27.30280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 557] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We identified a novel plasmid-mediated colistin-resistance gene in porcine and bovine colistin-resistant Escherichia coli that did not contain mcr-1. The gene, termed mcr-2, a 1,617 bp phosphoethanolamine transferase harboured on an IncX4 plasmid, has 76.7% nucleotide identity to mcr-1. Prevalence of mcr-2 in porcine colistin-resistant E. coli (11/53) in Belgium was higher than that of mcr-1 (7/53). These data call for an immediate introduction of mcr-2 screening in ongoing molecular epidemiological surveillance of colistin-resistant Gram-negative pathogens.
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77
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Jiang X, Liu X, Law COK, Wang Y, Lo WU, Weng X, Chan TF, Ho PL, Lau TCK. The CTX-M-14 plasmid pHK01 encodes novel small RNAs and influences host growth and motility. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2017; 93:3940222. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fix090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Carmen O. K. Law
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Wai U Lo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Xing Weng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Ting Fung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - P. L. Ho
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Terrence C. K. Lau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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78
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The Occurrence of the Colistin Resistance Gene mcr-1 in the Haihe River (China). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14060576. [PMID: 28555063 PMCID: PMC5486262 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14060576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic failure is occurring worldwide. In a routine surveillance study on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in natural water bodies, we noted the detection of colistin-resistance gene mcr-1, previously identified in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from human beings and animals in several countries. The mcr-1 gene might be present in water environments, because aquatic ecosystems are recognized as reservoirs for antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and ARGs. In this study, a qPCR assay was developed to monitor and quantify the mcr-1 gene in the Haihe River, China. The results showed that all 18 samples collected from different locations over 6 months along the Haihe River were positive for the mcr-1 gene, and the highest level of mcr-1 reached 3.81 × 105 gene copies (GC) per liter of water. This is the first study to quantify mcr-1 in a natural water system by qPCR. Our findings highlight the potential for this antibiotic resistance determinant to spread extensively, suggesting a significant health and ecological impact.
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79
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Sekizuka T, Kawanishi M, Ohnishi M, Shima A, Kato K, Yamashita A, Matsui M, Suzuki S, Kuroda M. Elucidation of quantitative structural diversity of remarkable rearrangement regions, shufflons, in IncI2 plasmids. Sci Rep 2017; 7:928. [PMID: 28424528 PMCID: PMC5430464 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01082-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A multiple DNA inversion system, the shufflon, exists in incompatibility (Inc) I1 and I2 plasmids. The shufflon generates variants of the PilV protein, a minor component of the thin pilus. The shufflon is one of the most difficult regions for de novo genome assembly because of its structural diversity even in an isolated bacterial clone. We determined complete genome sequences, including those of IncI2 plasmids carrying mcr-1, of three Escherichia coli strains using single-molecule, real-time (SMRT) sequencing and Illumina sequencing. The sequences assembled using only SMRT sequencing contained misassembled regions in the shufflon. A hybrid analysis using SMRT and Illumina sequencing resolved the misassembled region and revealed that the three IncI2 plasmids, excluding the shufflon region, were highly conserved. Moreover, the abundance ratio of whole-shufflon structures could be determined by quantitative structural variation analysis of the SMRT data, suggesting that a remarkable heterogeneity of whole-shufflon structural variations exists in IncI2 plasmids. These findings indicate that remarkable rearrangement regions should be validated using both long-read and short-read sequencing data and that the structural variation of PilV in the shufflon might be closely related to phenotypic heterogeneity of plasmid-mediated transconjugation involved in horizontal gene transfer even in bacterial clonal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Sekizuka
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.
| | - Michiko Kawanishi
- Assay Division II, Bacterial Assay Section, National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1 Tokura, Kokubunji-shi, 185-8511, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Ohnishi
- Ohnishi Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, 10-3-3 Nishirokujyouminami, Shibetsugunnakashibetsu-cho, 086-1106, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ayaka Shima
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Kengo Kato
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Akifumi Yamashita
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Mari Matsui
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Satowa Suzuki
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuroda
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
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80
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Jayol A, Poirel L, Dortet L, Nordmann P. National survey of colistin resistance among carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and outbreak caused by colistin-resistant OXA-48-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, France, 2014. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 21:30339. [PMID: 27685838 PMCID: PMC5032854 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2016.21.37.30339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
From January 2014 to December 2014, 972 consecutive non-replicate carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates from colonised or infected patients were collected at the Associated French National Reference Centre as part of the French national survey on antimicrobial resistance. It included 577 Klebsiella spp. (59%), 236 Escherichia coli (24%), 108 Enterobacter spp. (11%), 50 Citrobacter spp. (5%), and a single Salmonella spp. isolate (0.1%). Of 561 K. pneumoniae isolates, 35 were found to be resistant to colistin (6.2%). PFGE analysis revealed a clonal outbreak involving 15 K. pneumoniae isolates belonging to sequence type ST11, recovered in a single hospital in the Picardie region in northern France. Those clonally related isolates showed variable levels of resistance to colistin, ranging from 4 to 64 mg/L. They harboured the blaOXA-48 carbapenemase gene and the blaCTX-M-15 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase gene. Among the 91 Enterobacter cloacae isolates, seven were resistant to colistin and produced different types of carbapenemases. Surprisingly, none of the E. coli and Citrobacter spp. isolates showed resistance to colistin. This national survey including carbapenemase-producing isolates recovered in 2014 reported a high rate of colistin resistance in K. pneumoniae and E. cloacae (6.2% and 7.7%, respectively) in France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Jayol
- Emerging Antibiotic Resistance Unit, Medical and Molecular Microbiology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Chen X, Zhao X, Che J, Xiong Y, Xu Y, Zhang L, Lan R, Xia L, Walsh TR, Xu J, Lu J, Li J. Detection and dissemination of the colistin resistance gene, mcr-1, from isolates and faecal samples in China. J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:119-125. [PMID: 28056227 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A recently identified colistin resistance gene, mcr-1, has been reported in many countries. In this study, we established a new real-time PCR method to detect it. METHODOLOGY We used a real-time PCR method to detect the mcr-1 gene in a variety of isolates and faecal samples from 20 provinces and municipal cities in China. RESULTS Of the 2330 isolates (from 10 species) screened, 54 (2.3 %) isolates were positive for mcr-1. All of the mcr-1-positive isolates that were identified belonged to Escherichia coli strains, among which 9, 1, and 44 were identified as enteropathogenic E. coli, enteroadherent E. coli, and non-pathogenic E. coli, respectively. The majority of the mcr-1-positive isolates were obtained from farm animals from eight provinces and municipal cities across China. A total of 337 faecal samples, including 229 human and 108 pet animal faecal samples, were also screened for the mcr-1 gene. Of the 337 samples analyzed, six and eight human and pet animal faecal samples were positive for the mcr-1 gene, respectively. CONCLUSION The data demonstrate that the mcr-1 gene is highly prevalent in human and animal populations in China. This occurrence suggests that active surveillance of the mcr-1 gene is imperative in curtailing its spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jie Che
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yanwen Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yanmei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ruiting Lan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Lining Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, PR China
| | - Timothy R Walsh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jianguo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jinxing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, PR China
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, PR China
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82
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The European Union summary report on antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2015. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04694. [PMID: 32625402 PMCID: PMC7009883 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The data on antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria in 2015, submitted by 28 EU Member States (MSs), were jointly analysed by EFSA and ECDC. Resistance in zoonotic Salmonella and Campylobacter from humans, animals and food, and resistance in indicator Escherichia coli as well as meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus in animals and food were addressed. ‘Microbiological’ resistance was assessed using epidemiological cut‐off (ECOFF) values; for some countries, qualitative data on human isolates were interpreted in a way which corresponds closely to the ECOFF‐defined ‘microbiological’ resistance. In Salmonella from humans, high proportions of isolates were resistant to ampicillin, sulfonamides and tetracyclines, whereas resistance to third‐generation cephalosporins was low. In Salmonella and Escherichia coli isolates from fattening pigs and calves under one year of age, resistance to ampicillin, tetracyclines and sulfonamides was frequently detected, whereas resistance to third‐generation cephalosporins was uncommon. For the first time, presumptive extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase (ESBL)‐/AmpC‐/carbapenemase‐production in Salmonella and Escherichia coli was monitored in humans (Salmonella), meat (pork and beef), fattening pigs and calves. Varying occurrence/prevalence rates of ESBL‐/AmpC‐producers were observed between countries, and carbapenemase‐producing Escherichia coli were detected in single samples of pig meat and from fattening pigs from two MSs. Resistance to colistin was observed at low levels in Salmonella and Escherichia coli from fattening pigs and calves under one year of age and meat thereof. In Campylobacter from humans, high to extremely high proportions of isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and tetracyclines, particularly in C. coli. In a few countries, a third to half of C. coli in humans were resistant also to erythromycin, leaving few options for treatment of severe Campylobacter infections. High resistance to ciprofloxacin and tetracyclines was observed in C. coli isolates from fattening pigs, whereas much lower levels were recorded for erythromycin. Co‐resistance to critically important antimicrobials in both human and animal isolates was generally uncommon.
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Jeannot K, Bolard A, Plésiat P. Resistance to polymyxins in Gram-negative organisms. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2017; 49:526-535. [PMID: 28163137 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Polymyxins have recently been re-introduced into the therapeutic arsenal to combat infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. However, the emergence of strains resistant to these last-resort drugs is becoming a critical issue in a growing number of countries. Both intrinsic and transferable mechanisms of polymyxin resistance have been characterised. These mechanisms as well as the epidemiological data regarding four relevant bacterial pathogens (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) are considered in this review. A special focus is made on plasmid-mediated resistance and the spread of mcr genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Jeannot
- Laboratoire de bactériologie, Centre national de référence (CNR) de la résistance aux antibiotiques, Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHRU) de Besançon, boulevard Fleming, 25000 Besançon, France.
| | - Arnaud Bolard
- Laboratoire de bactériologie, Centre national de référence (CNR) de la résistance aux antibiotiques, Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHRU) de Besançon, boulevard Fleming, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Patrick Plésiat
- Laboratoire de bactériologie, Centre national de référence (CNR) de la résistance aux antibiotiques, Centre hospitalier universitaire (CHRU) de Besançon, boulevard Fleming, 25000 Besançon, France
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84
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IncP Plasmid Carrying Colistin Resistance Gene mcr-1 in Klebsiella pneumoniae from Hospital Sewage. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.02229-16. [PMID: 27895009 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02229-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A Klebsiella pneumoniae strain of sequence type 313 (ST313) recovered from hospital sewage was found carrying the plasmid-borne colistin resistance gene mcr-1, which was bracketed by two copies of the insertion sequence ISApl1 on a 57-kb self-transmissible IncP-type plasmid of a new IncP-1 clade. The carriage of mcr-1 on a self-transmissible broad-host-range plasmid highlights that mcr-1 has the potential to spread beyond the Enterobacteriaceae family.
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85
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How should we respond to the emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in humans and animals? Int J Infect Dis 2017; 54:77-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.11.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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86
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Alp S, Akova M. Antibacterial Resistance in Patients with Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2017; 9:e2017002. [PMID: 28101308 PMCID: PMC5224809 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2017.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are at substantial risk of bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic infections depending on the time elapsed since transplantation, presence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and the degree of immunosuppression. Infectious complications in HSCT recipients are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Bacterial infections constitute the major cause of infectious complications, especially in the early post-transplant period. The emergence of antibacterial resistance complicates the management of bacterial infections in this patient group. Multidrug-resistant bacterial infections in this group of patients have attracted considerable interest and may lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Empirical antibacterial therapy in patients with HSCT and febrile neutropenia has a critical role for survival and should be based on local epidemiology. This review attempts to provide an overview of risk factors and epidemiology of emerging resistant bacterial infections and their management in HSCT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehnaz Alp
- Associate Professor, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Akova
- Professor, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey
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87
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High resolution crystal structure of the catalytic domain of MCR-1. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39540. [PMID: 28000749 PMCID: PMC5175174 DOI: 10.1038/srep39540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The newly identified mobile colistin resistant gene (mcr-1) rapidly spread among different bacterial strains and confers colistin resistance to its host, which has become a global concern. Based on sequence alignment, MCR-1 should be a phosphoethanolamine transferase, members of the YhjW/YjdB/YijP superfamily and catalyze the addition of phosphoethanolamine to lipid A, which needs to be validated experimentally. Here we report the first high-resolution crystal structure of the C-terminal catalytic domain of MCR-1 (MCR-1C) in its native state. The active pocket of native MCR-1C depicts unphosphorylated nucleophilic residue Thr285 in coordination with two Zinc ions and water molecules. A flexible adjacent active site loop (aa: Lys348-365) pose an open conformation compared to its structural homologues, suggesting of an open substrate entry channel. Taken together, this structure sets ground for further study of substrate binding and MCR-1 catalytic mechanism in development of potential therapeutic agents.
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88
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Clonal spread of mcr-1 in PMQR-carrying ST34 Salmonella isolates from animals in China. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38511. [PMID: 27917926 PMCID: PMC5137007 DOI: 10.1038/srep38511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Since initial identification in China, the widespread geographical occurrence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in Enterobacteriaceae has been of great concern. In this study, a total of 22 Salmonella enterica were resistant to colistin, while only five isolates which belonged to ST34 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) were mcr-1 positive. Four of them shared nearly identical PFGE type, although they were from different host species and diverse geographical locations. All the mcr-1-positive S. Typhimurium exhibited multi-resistant phenotypes including ampicillin, streptomycin, gentamicin, florfenicol, nalidixic acid, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethox, in addition to colistin. The oqxAB and aac(6')-Ib-cr genes were present alone or in combination in four (80.0%) and five (100%) isolates, respectively. The mcr-1 gene was located on a transferable IncI2 plasmid in the four genetically related strains. In the other one strain, mcr-1 was located on an approximately 190 kb IncHI2 plasmid. In conclusion, we report five mcr-1-positive S. Typhimurium/ST34 isolates. Both clonal expansion and horizontal transmission of IncI2-type plasmids were involved in the spread of the mcr-1 gene in Salmonella enterica from food-producing animals in China. There is a great need to monitor the potential dissemination of the mcr-1 gene.
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89
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Gao R, Hu Y, Li Z, Sun J, Wang Q, Lin J, Ye H, Liu F, Srinivas S, Li D, Zhu B, Liu YH, Tian GB, Feng Y. Dissemination and Mechanism for the MCR-1 Colistin Resistance. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005957. [PMID: 27893854 PMCID: PMC5125707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymyxins are the last line of defense against lethal infections caused by multidrug resistant Gram-negative pathogens. Very recently, the use of polymyxins has been greatly challenged by the emergence of the plasmid-borne mobile colistin resistance gene (mcr-1). However, the mechanistic aspects of the MCR-1 colistin resistance are still poorly understood. Here we report the comparative genomics of two new mcr-1-harbouring plasmids isolated from the human gut microbiota, highlighting the diversity in plasmid transfer of the mcr-1 gene. Further genetic dissection delineated that both the trans-membrane region and a substrate-binding motif are required for the MCR-1-mediated colistin resistance. The soluble form of the membrane protein MCR-1 was successfully prepared and verified. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that MCR-1 is highly homologous to its counterpart PEA lipid A transferase in Paenibacili, a known producer of polymyxins. The fact that the plasmid-borne MCR-1 is placed in a subclade neighboring the chromosome-encoded colistin-resistant Neisseria LptA (EptA) potentially implies parallel evolutionary paths for the two genes. In conclusion, our finding provids a first glimpse of mechanism for the MCR-1-mediated colistin resistance. Colistin is an ultimate line of refuge against fatal infections by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. The plasmid-mediated transfer of the mobile colistin resistance gene (mcr-1) represents a novel mechanism for antibacterial drug resistance, and also poses new threats to public health. However, the mechanistic aspects of the MCR-1 colistin resistance are not fully understood. Here we report comparative genomics of two new mcr-1-harbouring plasmids isolated from the human gut microbiota. Genetic studies determined that both the transmembrane region and a substrate-binding motif are essential for its function. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that MCR-1 is highly homologous to the PEA lipid A transferase in Paenibacillus, a known producer of polymyxins. The fact that the plasmid-borne MCR-1 is placed in a subclade neighboring the chromosome-encoded colistin-resistant Neisseria LptA potentially implies parallel evolutionary paths for the two genes. Our results reveal mechanistic insights into the MCR-1-mediated colistin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongsui Gao
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongfei Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhencui Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Sun
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingjing Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingxia Lin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huiyan Ye
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Swaminath Srinivas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Defeng Li
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baoli Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Hong Liu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Bao Tian
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youjun Feng
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail:
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90
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Kluyvera ascorbata Strain from Hospital Sewage Carrying the mcr-1 Colistin Resistance Gene. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:7498-7501. [PMID: 27671069 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01165-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The newly identified plasmid-borne colistin resistance gene mcr-1 was found in a Kluyvera ascorbata isolate from hospital sewage in China. mcr-1 was carried by a 57-kb self-transmissible IncI2 plasmid. Unlike in a previous report, mcr-1 was not associated with ISApl1 and was inserted into a gene encoding a putative membrane protein by an unknown mechanism. This study highlights that mcr-1 has spread to multiple bacterial species.
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91
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Rhouma M, Beaudry F, Thériault W, Letellier A. Colistin in Pig Production: Chemistry, Mechanism of Antibacterial Action, Microbial Resistance Emergence, and One Health Perspectives. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1789. [PMID: 27891118 PMCID: PMC5104958 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colistin (Polymyxin E) is one of the few cationic antimicrobial peptides commercialized in both human and veterinary medicine. For several years now, colistin has been considered the last line of defense against infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Colistin has been extensively used orally since the 1960s in food animals and particularly in swine for the control of Enterobacteriaceae infections. However, with the recent discovery of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance encoded by the mcr-1 gene and the higher prevalence of samples harboring this gene in animal isolates compared to other origins, livestock has been singled out as the principal reservoir for colistin resistance amplification and spread. Co-localization of the mcr-1 gene and Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase genes on a unique plasmid has been also identified in many isolates from animal origin. The use of colistin in pigs as a growth promoter and for prophylaxis purposes should be banned, and the implantation of sustainable measures in pig farms for microbial infection prevention should be actively encouraged and financed. The scientific research should be encouraged in swine medicine to generate data helping to reduce the exacerbation of colistin resistance in pigs and in manure. The establishment of guidelines ensuring a judicious therapeutic use of colistin in pigs, in countries where this drug is approved, is of crucial importance. The implementation of a microbiological withdrawal period that could reduce the potential contamination of consumers with colistin resistant bacteria of porcine origin should be encouraged. Moreover, the management of colistin resistance at the human-pig-environment interface requires the urgent use of the One Health approach for effective control and prevention. This approach needs the collaborative effort of multiple disciplines and close cooperation between physicians, veterinarians, and other scientific health and environmental professionals. This review is an update on the chemistry of colistin, its applications and antibacterial mechanism of action, and on Enterobacteriaceae resistance to colistin in pigs. We also detail and discuss the One Health approach and propose guidelines for colistin resistance management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Rhouma
- Chaire de Recherche Industrielle du CRSNG en Salubrité des Viandes, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-HyacintheQC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche et d’Enseignement en Salubrité Alimentaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-HyacintheQC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-HyacintheQC, Canada
| | - Francis Beaudry
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-HyacintheQC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche en Pharmacologie Animale du Québec, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-HyacintheQC, Canada
| | - William Thériault
- Chaire de Recherche Industrielle du CRSNG en Salubrité des Viandes, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-HyacintheQC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche et d’Enseignement en Salubrité Alimentaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-HyacintheQC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-HyacintheQC, Canada
| | - Ann Letellier
- Chaire de Recherche Industrielle du CRSNG en Salubrité des Viandes, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-HyacintheQC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche et d’Enseignement en Salubrité Alimentaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-HyacintheQC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-HyacintheQC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche en Pharmacologie Animale du Québec, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-HyacintheQC, Canada
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Kempf I, Jouy E, Chauvin C. Colistin use and colistin resistance in bacteria from animals. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2016; 48:598-606. [PMID: 27836380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Colistin has been used in veterinary medicine for decades, mainly for the prevention and treatment of Enterobacteriaceae infections. However, data regarding colistin resistance in bacteria from animals and food of animal origin are relatively scarce, partly because there are methodological difficulties hampering the analysis of susceptibility to colistin. Most data regarding clinical isolates are related to enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella. The resistance percentages are sometimes high for pathogenic strains, and the mcr-1 gene has been detected in pathogenic E. coli isolates from pigs, cattle and poultry in different countries. The prevalence of colistin resistance in Salmonella from healthy animals is usually low but depends on the proportion of intrinsically colistin-resistant serotypes. For indicator E. coli, the resistance levels are often very low, although higher levels have been observed in Asia. The mcr-1 gene has been detected in indicator E. coli from pigs, cattle, poultry and their products. Thus, there is an urgent need to re-assess the use of colistin in livestock throughout the world to ensure a global strategy for preserving this last-resort antimicrobial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Kempf
- Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Université Bretagne Loire, Ploufragan, France.
| | - Eric Jouy
- Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Université Bretagne Loire, Ploufragan, France
| | - Claire Chauvin
- Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Université Bretagne Loire, Ploufragan, France
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Plasmid with Colistin Resistance Gene mcr-1 in Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Pig Slurry in Estonia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:6933-6936. [PMID: 27572412 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00443-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A plasmid carrying the colistin resistance gene mcr-1 was isolated from a pig slurry sample in Estonia. The gene was present on a 33,311-bp plasmid of the IncX4 group. mcr-1 is the only antibiotic resistance gene on the plasmid, with the other genes mainly coding for proteins involved in conjugative DNA transfer (taxA, taxB, taxC, trbM, and the pilX operon). The plasmid pESTMCR was present in three phylogenetically very different Escherichia coli strains, suggesting that it has high potential for horizontal transfer.
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94
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Li R, Xie M, Zhang J, Yang Z, Liu L, Liu X, Zheng Z, Chan EWC, Chen S. Genetic characterization of mcr-1-bearing plasmids to depict molecular mechanisms underlying dissemination of the colistin resistance determinant. J Antimicrob Chemother 2016; 72:393-401. [PMID: 28073961 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyse and compare mcr-1-bearing plasmids from animal Escherichia coli isolates, and to investigate potential mechanisms underlying dissemination of mcr-1. METHODS Ninety-seven ESBL-producing E. coli strains isolated from pig farms in China were screened for the mcr-1 gene. Fifteen mcr-1-positive strains were subjected to molecular characterization and bioinformatic analysis of the mcr-1-bearing plasmids that they harboured. RESULTS Three major types of mcr-1-bearing plasmids were recovered: IncX4 (∼33 kb), IncI2 (∼60 kb) and IncHI2 (∼216-280 kb), among which the IncX4 and IncI2 plasmids were found to harbour the mcr-1 gene only, whereas multiple resistance elements including blaCTX-M, blaCMY, blaTEM, fosA, qnrS, floR and oqxAB were detected, in various combinations, alongside mcr-1 in the IncHI2 plasmids. The profiles of mcr-1-bearing plasmids in the test strains were highly variable, with coexistence of two mcr-1-bearing plasmids being common. However, the MIC of colistin was not affected by the number of mcr-1-carrying plasmids harboured. Comparative analysis of the plasmids showed that they contained an mcr-1 gene cassette with varied structures (mcr-1-orf, ISApl1-mcr-1-orf and Tn6330), with the IncHI2 type being the most active in acquiring foreign resistance genes. A novel transposon, Tn6330, with the structure ISApl1-mcr-1-orf-ISApl1 was found to be the key element mediating translocation of mcr-1 into various plasmid backbones through formation of a circular intermediate. CONCLUSIONS The mcr-1 gene can be disseminated via multiple mobile elements including Tn6330, its circular intermediate and plasmids harbouring such elements. It is often co-transmitted with other resistance determinants through IncHI2 plasmids. The functional mechanism of Tn6330, a typical composite transposon harbouring mcr-1, should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruichao Li
- Shenzhen Key Lab for Food Biological Safety Control, Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Hong Kong PolyU Shen Zhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China.,The State Key Lab of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Miaomiao Xie
- Shenzhen Key Lab for Food Biological Safety Control, Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Hong Kong PolyU Shen Zhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Jinfei Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Lab for Food Biological Safety Control, Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Hong Kong PolyU Shen Zhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Yang
- Shenzhen Key Lab for Food Biological Safety Control, Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Hong Kong PolyU Shen Zhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Lizhang Liu
- Shenzhen Key Lab for Food Biological Safety Control, Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Hong Kong PolyU Shen Zhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- Shenzhen Key Lab for Food Biological Safety Control, Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Hong Kong PolyU Shen Zhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Zheng
- Shenzhen Key Lab for Food Biological Safety Control, Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Hong Kong PolyU Shen Zhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Edward Wai-Chi Chan
- The State Key Lab of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Sheng Chen
- Shenzhen Key Lab for Food Biological Safety Control, Food Safety and Technology Research Center, Hong Kong PolyU Shen Zhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China .,The State Key Lab of Chirosciences, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
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95
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Zhang XF, Doi Y, Huang X, Li HY, Zhong LL, Zeng KJ, Zhang YF, Patil S, Tian GB. Possible Transmission of mcr-1-Harboring Escherichia coli between Companion Animals and Human. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 22:1679-81. [PMID: 27191649 PMCID: PMC4994340 DOI: 10.3201/eid2209.160464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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96
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Sonnevend Á, Ghazawi A, Alqahtani M, Shibl A, Jamal W, Hashmey R, Pal T. Plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in Escherichia coli from the Arabian Peninsula. Int J Infect Dis 2016; 50:85-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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97
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Nicolet S, Goldenberger D, Schwede T, Page M, Creus M. Plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in a patient infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2016; 16:998-999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(16)30197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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98
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Skov RL, Monnet DL. Plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (mcr-1 gene): three months later, the story unfolds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 21:30155. [PMID: 26967914 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2016.21.9.30155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Skov
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
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99
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Baron S, Hadjadj L, Rolain JM, Olaitan AO. Molecular mechanisms of polymyxin resistance: knowns and unknowns. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2016; 48:583-591. [PMID: 27524102 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Colistin, also referred to as polymyxin E, is an effective antibiotic against most multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria and is currently used as a last-line drug for treating severe bacterial infections. Colistin resistance has increased gradually for the last few years, and knowledge of its multifaceted mechanisms is expanding. This includes the newly discovered plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-1, which has been detected in over 20 countries within 3 months of its first report. We previously reported all of the known mechanisms of polymyxin resistance in our first review in 2014, but an update seems necessary in 2016, considering the significant recent discoveries that have been made in this domain. This review provides an update about what is already known, what is new, and some unresolved questions with respect to colistin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Baron
- Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (URMITE), CNRS-IRD UMR 6236, Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Linda Hadjadj
- Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (URMITE), CNRS-IRD UMR 6236, Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (URMITE), CNRS-IRD UMR 6236, Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
| | - Abiola Olumuyiwa Olaitan
- Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (URMITE), CNRS-IRD UMR 6236, Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
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100
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Bai L, Hurley D, Li J, Meng Q, Wang J, Fanning S, Xiong Y. Characterisation of multidrug-resistant Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli cultured from pigs in China: co-occurrence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase- and mcr-1-encoding genes on plasmids. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2016; 48:445-8. [PMID: 27526978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Identification of Enterobacteriaceae harbouring the plasmid-mediated transferable colistin resistance gene mcr-1 presents a new challenge to public health. The aim of this study was to characterise multidrug-resistant Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) harbouring the mcr-1 gene on plasmids cultured from pigs in China. Using CHROMagar™ ECC plates combined with stx gene detection by PCR, 93 STEC were recovered from 326 faecal, 351 small intestine content and 326 colon content samples taken from healthy pigs in 2011 and 2012 in China. This study, in which ten colistin-resistant isolates with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 8-12 mg/L were identified and found to be positive by PCR for the mcr-1 gene, is a follow-up to an earlier investigation. Plasmid profiling by S1-nuclease digestion followed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) identified several high-molecular-weight plasmids and these were typed by PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT). Two of the ten isolates, namely STEC-CQ09 (O116:H11/CC23/ST88) and CQ10 (O2:H32/ST3628), were selected for further study as described in this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Bai
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Daniel Hurley
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Juan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Meng
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Séamus Fanning
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China; UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Yanwen Xiong
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China.
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