51
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Kong F, Kong X, Du Y, Chen Y, Deng X, Zhu J, Du J, Li L, Jia Z, Xie D, Li Z, Xie K. STK33 Promotes Growth and Progression of Pancreatic Cancer as a Critical Downstream Mediator of HIF1α. Cancer Res 2017; 77:6851-6862. [PMID: 29038348 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase STK33 has been implicated in cancer cell proliferation. Here, we provide evidence of a critical role for STK33 in the pathogenesis and metastatic progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). STK33 expression in PDAC was regulated by the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor HIF1α. In human PDAC specimens, STK33 was overexpressed and associated with poor prognosis. Enforced STK33 expression promoted PDAC proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor growth, whereas STK33 depletion exerted opposing effects. Mechanistic investigations showed that HIF1α regulated STK33 via direct binding to a hypoxia response element in its promoter. In showing that dysregulated HIF1α/STK33 signaling promotes PDAC growth and progression, our results suggest STK33 as a candidate therapeutic target to improve PDAC treatment. Cancer Res; 77(24); 6851-62. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanyang Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyu Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yiqi Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Deng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jiawei Du
- Department of Oncology and Tumor Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhiliang Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Dacheng Xie
- Department of Oncology and Tumor Institute, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoshen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| | - Keping Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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52
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Greene CJ, Attwood K, Sharma NJ, Gross KW, Smith GJ, Xu B, Kauffman EC. Transferrin receptor 1 upregulation in primary tumor and downregulation in benign kidney is associated with progression and mortality in renal cell carcinoma patients. Oncotarget 2017; 8:107052-107075. [PMID: 29291011 PMCID: PMC5739796 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The central dysregulated pathway of clear cell (cc) renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the von Hippel Lindau/hypoxia inducible factor-α axis, is a key regulator of intracellular iron levels, however the role of iron uptake in human RCC tumorigenesis and progression remains unknown. We conducted a thorough, large-scale investigation of the expression and prognostic significance of the primary iron uptake protein, transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1/CD71/TFRC), in RCC patients. TfR1 immunohistochemistry was performed in over 1500 cores from 574 renal cell tumor patient tissues (primary tumors, matched benign kidneys, metastases) and non-neoplastic tissues from 36 different body sites. TfR1 levels in RCC tumors, particularly ccRCC, were significantly associated with adverse clinical prognostic features (anemia, lower body mass index, smoking), worse tumor pathology (size, stage, grade, multifocality, sarcomatoid dedifferentiation) and worse survival outcomes, including after adjustments for tumor pathology. Highest TfR1 tissue levels in the non-gravid body were detected in benign renal tubule epithelium. Opposite to TfR1 changes in the primary tumor, TfR1 levels in benign kidney dropped during tumor progression and were inversely associated with worse survival outcomes, independent of tumor pathology. Quantitative measurement of TfR1 subcellular localization in cell lines demonstrated mixed cytoplasmic and membranous expression with increased TfR1 in clusters in ccRCC versus benign renal cell lines. Results of this study support an important role for TfR1 in RCC progression and identify TfR1 as a novel RCC biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristopher Attwood
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Nitika J. Sharma
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Kenneth W. Gross
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Gary J. Smith
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Eric C. Kauffman
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
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53
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Noonan HR, Metelo AM, Kamei CN, Peterson RT, Drummond IA, Iliopoulos O. Loss of vhl in the zebrafish pronephros recapitulates early stages of human clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Dis Model Mech 2017; 9:873-84. [PMID: 27491085 PMCID: PMC5007981 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.024380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) disease harbor a germline mutation in the VHL gene leading to the development of several tumor types including clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). In addition, the VHL gene is inactivated in over 90% of sporadic ccRCC cases. ‘Clear cell’ tumors contain large, proliferating cells with ‘clear cytoplasm’, and a reduced number of cilia. VHL inactivation leads to the stabilization of hypoxia inducible factors 1a and 2a [HIF1a and HIF2a (HIF2a is also known as EPAS1)] with consequent up-regulation of specific target genes involved in cell proliferation, angiogenesis and erythropoiesis. A zebrafish model with a homozygous inactivation in the VHL gene (vhl−/−) recapitulates several aspects of the human disease, including development of highly vascular lesions in the brain and the retina and erythrocytosis. Here, we characterize for the first time the epithelial abnormalities present in the kidney of the vhl−/− zebrafish larvae as a first step in building a model of ccRCC in zebrafish. Our data show that the vhl−/− zebrafish kidney is characterized by an increased tubule diameter, disorganized cilia, the dramatic formation of cytoplasmic lipid vesicles, glycogen accumulation, aberrant cell proliferation and abnormal apoptosis. This phenotype of the vhl−/− pronephros is reminiscent of clear cell histology, indicating that the vhl−/− mutant zebrafish might serve as a model of early stage RCC. Treatment of vhl−/− zebrafish embryos with a small-molecule HIF2a inhibitor rescued the pronephric abnormalities, underscoring the value of the zebrafish model in drug discovery for treatment of VHL disease and ccRCC. Summary: Zebrafish with an inactivating mutation in the vhl gene can be used as a model of early stage clear cell renal cell carcinoma, with applications for genetic studies and drug screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley R Noonan
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ana M Metelo
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3001-401, Portugal
| | - Caramai N Kamei
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Randall T Peterson
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02114, USA
| | - Iain A Drummond
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Othon Iliopoulos
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02142, USA
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54
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Koido M, Haga N, Furuno A, Tsukahara S, Sakurai J, Tani Y, Sato S, Tomida A. Mitochondrial deficiency impairs hypoxic induction of HIF-1 transcriptional activity and retards tumor growth. Oncotarget 2017; 8:11841-11854. [PMID: 28060746 PMCID: PMC5355308 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria can be involved in regulating cellular stress response to hypoxia and tumor growth, but little is known about that mechanistic relationship. Here, we show that mitochondrial deficiency severely retards tumor xenograft growth with impairing hypoxic induction of HIF-1 transcriptional activity. Using mtDNA-deficient ρ0 cells, we found that HIF-1 pathway activation was comparable in slow-growing ρ0 xenografts and rapid-growing parental xenografts. Interestingly, we found that ex vivo ρ0 cells derived from ρ0 xenografts exhibited slightly increased HIF-1α expression and modest HIF-1 pathway activation regardless of oxygen concentration. Surprisingly, ρ0 cells, as well as parental cells treated with oxidative phosphorylation inhibitors, were unable to boost HIF-1 transcriptional activity during hypoxia, although HIF-1α protein levels were ordinarily increased in these cells under hypoxic conditions. These findings indicate that mitochondrial deficiency causes loss of hypoxia-induced HIF-1 transcriptional activity and thereby might lead to a constitutive HIF-1 pathway activation as a cellular adaptation mechanism in tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Koido
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.,Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Naomi Haga
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Aki Furuno
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Satomi Tsukahara
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Junko Sakurai
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Yuri Tani
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Shigeo Sato
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tomida
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.,Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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55
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Bailey ST, Smith AM, Kardos J, Wobker SE, Wilson HL, Krishnan B, Saito R, Lee HJ, Zhang J, Eaton SC, Williams LA, Manocha U, Peters DJ, Pan X, Carroll TJ, Felsher DW, Walter V, Zhang Q, Parker JS, Yeh JJ, Moffitt RA, Leung JY, Kim WY. MYC activation cooperates with Vhl and Ink4a/Arf loss to induce clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15770. [PMID: 28593993 PMCID: PMC5472759 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal carcinoma is a common and aggressive malignancy whose histopathogenesis is incompletely understood and that is largely resistant to cytotoxic chemotherapy. We present two mouse models of kidney cancer that recapitulate the genomic alterations found in human papillary (pRCC) and clear cell RCC (ccRCC), the most common RCC subtypes. MYC activation results in highly penetrant pRCC tumours (MYC), while MYC activation, when combined with Vhl and Cdkn2a (Ink4a/Arf) deletion (VIM), produce kidney tumours that approximate human ccRCC. RNAseq of the mouse tumours demonstrate that MYC tumours resemble Type 2 pRCC, which are known to harbour MYC activation. Furthermore, VIM tumours more closely simulate human ccRCC. Based on their high penetrance, short latency, and histologic fidelity, these models of papillary and clear cell RCC should be significant contributions to the field of kidney cancer research. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common and aggressive malignancy. Here, the authors generate two mouse models of the most common RCC subtypes: the human papillary RCC through MYC activation and clear cell RCC through MYC activation combined with Vhl and Cdkn2a deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean T Bailey
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Aleisha M Smith
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Jordan Kardos
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Sara E Wobker
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Harper L Wilson
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Bhavani Krishnan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Ryoichi Saito
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Hyo Jin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jing Zhang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Samuel C Eaton
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Lindsay A Williams
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Ujjawal Manocha
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Dorien J Peters
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333, The Netherlands
| | - Xinchao Pan
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Thomas J Carroll
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Dean W Felsher
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94305-5151, USA
| | - Vonn Walter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | - Qing Zhang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Joel S Parker
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Jen Jen Yeh
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Richard A Moffitt
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Janet Y Leung
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - William Y Kim
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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56
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxygen (O2) homeostasis is an indispensable requirement of eukaryotes. O2 concentration in cellular milieu is defined as normoxia (∼21% O2), physoxia (∼1-13% O2) or hypoxia (∼0.1-1% O2). Hypoxia, a striking micro-environmental feature in tumorigenesis, is countered by tumor cells via induction of O2 governed transcription factor, hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). Post discovery, HIF-1 has emerged as a promising anticancer therapeutic target during the last two decades. Recent reports have highlighted that enhanced levels of HIF-1 correlate with tumor metastasis leading to poor patient prognosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic search in PubMed and SciFinder for the literature on HIF-1 biology and therapeutic importance in cancer was carried out. RESULTS This review highlights the initial description as well as the recent insights into HIF-1 biology and regulation. We have focused on emerging data regarding varied classes of HIF-1 target genes affecting various levels of crosstalk among tumorigenic pathways. We have emphasized on the fact that HIF-1 acts as a networking hub coordinating activities of multiple signaling molecules influencing tumorigenesis. Emerging evidences indicate role of many HIF-induced proteomic and genomic alterations in malignant progression by mediating a myriad of genes stimulating angiogenesis, anaerobic metabolism and survival of cancer cells in O2-deficient microenvironment. CONCLUSIONS Better understanding of the crucial role of HIF-1 in carcinogenesis could offer promising new avenues to researchers and aid in elucidating various open issues regarding the use of HIF-1 as an anticancer therapeutic target. In spite of large efforts in this field, many questions still remain unanswered. Hence, future investigations are necessary to devise, assess and refine methods for translating previous research efforts into novel clinical practices in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Soni
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Lab, Food and Nutraceuticals Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Yogendra S. Padwad
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Lab, Food and Nutraceuticals Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
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57
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58
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Mohlin S, Wigerup C, Jögi A, Påhlman S. Hypoxia, pseudohypoxia and cellular differentiation. Exp Cell Res 2017; 356:192-196. [PMID: 28284840 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia correlates to aggressive disease, and while this is explained by a variety of factors, one clue to understand this phenomena was the finding that hypoxia induces a de-differentiated, stem cell-like phenotype in neuroblastoma and breast tumor cells. The hypoxia inducible transcription factors (HIFs) are regulated at the translational level by fluctuating oxygen concentrations, but emerging data reveal that both HIF-1α and HIF-2α expression can be induced by aberrantly activated growth factor signaling independently of oxygen levels. Furthermore, HIF-2α is regulated by hypoxia also at the transcriptional level in neuroblastoma and glioma cells. In cultured tumor cells, HIF-2α is stabilized at physiological oxygen concentrations followed by induced expression of classical hypoxia-driven genes, resulting in a pseudohypoxic phenotype. In addition, in neuroblastoma and glioma specimens, a small subset of HIF-2α positive, HIF-1α negative, tumor cells is found adjacent to blood vessels, i.e. in areas with presumably adequate oxygenation. These tumor niches are thus pseudohypoxic, and the HIF-2α expressing cells present immature features. We have postulated that this niche in neuroblastomas encompass the tumor stem cells. Oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes associated with pseudohypoxia are frequently mutated or deleted in the germline, implicating that the pseudohypoxic phenotype indeed is tumorigenic. In summary, the hypoxic and pseudohypoxic phenotypes of solid tumors are attractive therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Mohlin
- Translational Cancer Research, Lund University Cancer Center at Medicon Village, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Caroline Wigerup
- Translational Cancer Research, Lund University Cancer Center at Medicon Village, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Annika Jögi
- Translational Cancer Research, Lund University Cancer Center at Medicon Village, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sven Påhlman
- Translational Cancer Research, Lund University Cancer Center at Medicon Village, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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59
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Labrousse-Arias D, Martínez-Alonso E, Corral-Escariz M, Bienes-Martínez R, Berridy J, Serrano-Oviedo L, Conde E, García-Bermejo ML, Giménez-Bachs JM, Salinas-Sánchez AS, Sánchez-Prieto R, Yao M, Lasa M, Calzada MJ. VHL promotes immune response against renal cell carcinoma via NF-κB-dependent regulation of VCAM-1. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:835-847. [PMID: 28235946 PMCID: PMC5350518 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201608024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Labrousse-Arias et al. show that VHL expression leads to increased VCAM-1 levels in renal cell carcinoma through an NF-κB–dependent mechanism that seems to contribute to the antitumoral immune response. This study also suggests that VCAM-1 levels might serve as a marker of ccRCC progression in human patients. Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) is an adhesion molecule assigned to the activated endothelium mediating immune cells adhesion and extravasation. However, its expression in renal carcinomas inversely correlates with tumor malignancy. Our experiments in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cell lines demonstrated that von Hippel Lindau (VHL) loss, hypoxia, or PHD (for prolyl hydroxylase domain–containing proteins) inactivation decreased VCAM-1 levels through a transcriptional mechanism that was independent of the hypoxia-inducible factor and dependent on the nuclear factor κB signaling pathway. Conversely, VHL expression leads to high VCAM-1 levels in ccRCC, which in turn leads to better outcomes, possibly by favoring antitumor immunity through VCAM-1 interaction with the α4β1 integrin expressed in immune cells. Remarkably, in ccRCC human samples with VHL nonmissense mutations, we observed a negative correlation between VCAM-1 levels and ccRCC stage, microvascular invasion, and symptom presentation, pointing out the clinical value of VCAM-1 levels as a marker of ccRCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Labrousse-Arias
- Department of Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emma Martínez-Alonso
- Department of Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.,Research Departament, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Corral-Escariz
- Department of Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Bienes-Martínez
- Department of Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Berridy
- Department of Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Leticia Serrano-Oviedo
- Molecular Oncology Lab, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Biomedicine Unit, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Elisa Conde
- Biomarckers and Therapeutic Targets, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Laura García-Bermejo
- Biomarckers and Therapeutic Targets, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Giménez-Bachs
- Department of Urology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | | | - Ricardo Sánchez-Prieto
- Molecular Oncology Lab, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Biomedicine Unit, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Masahiro Yao
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Marina Lasa
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Calzada
- Department of Medicine, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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60
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Maranchie JK. Basic/Translational Science Survey Section: Kidney Cancer. Urol Oncol 2017; 35:157. [PMID: 28214282 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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61
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Martínez-Sáez O, Gajate Borau P, Alonso-Gordoa T, Molina-Cerrillo J, Grande E. Targeting HIF-2 α in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: A promising therapeutic strategy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 111:117-123. [PMID: 28259286 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of the Von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor (VHL) is a key oncogenic event in the vast majority of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). With the loss of the VHL protein (pVHL) function, the hypoxia inducible factor α (HIF-α) accumulates inside the tumor cell and dimerizes with HIF-β. The HIF-α/HIF-β complex transcriptionally activates hundreds of genes promoting the adaptation to hypoxia that is implicated in tumor development. There is growing evidence showing that HIF-2α subunit has a central role in ccRCC over HIF-1α. Thus, efforts have been made to specifically target this pathway. PT2385 and PT2399 are first-in-class, orally available, small molecule inhibitors of HIF-2 that selectively disrupt the heterodimerization of HIF-2α with HIF-1β. Preclinical and clinical data indicate that these new molecules are effective in blocking cancer cell growth, proliferation, and tumor angiogenesis characteristic in ccRCC. Treatment with HIF-2α specific antagonists, either alone or in combination with immunotherapy or other antiangiogenic agents have the potential to transform the therapeutic landscape in this tumor in the future. Herein, we summarize the molecular background behind the use of HIF-2α inhibitors in ccRCC and give an overview of the development of new agents in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Martínez-Sáez
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Ctra, Colmenar Viejo km9100, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pablo Gajate Borau
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Ctra, Colmenar Viejo km9100, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Alonso-Gordoa
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Ctra, Colmenar Viejo km9100, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Molina-Cerrillo
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Ctra, Colmenar Viejo km9100, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Grande
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Ctra, Colmenar Viejo km9100, 28029, Madrid, Spain
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62
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Cho H, Kaelin WG. Targeting HIF2 in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2016; 81:113-121. [PMID: 27932568 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2016.81.030833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Inactivation of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor-suppressor protein (pVHL) is the signature "truncal" event in clear cell renal cell carcinoma, which is the most common form of kidney cancer. pVHL is part of a ubiquitin ligase the targets the α subunit of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) transcription factor for destruction when oxygen is available. Preclinical studies strongly suggest that deregulation of HIF, and particularly HIF2, drives pVHL-defective renal carcinogenesis. Although HIF2α was classically considered undruggable, structural and chemical work by Rick Bruick and Kevin Gardner at University of Texas Southwestern laid the foundation for the development of small molecule direct HIF2α antagonists (PT2385 and the related tool compound PT2399) by Peloton Therapeutics that block the dimerization of HIF2α with its partner protein ARNT1. These compounds inhibit clear cell renal cell carcinoma growth in preclinical models, and PT2385 has now entered the clinic. Nonetheless, the availability of such compounds, together with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-based gene editing approaches, has revealed a previously unappreciated heterogeneity among clear cell renal carcinomas and patient-derived xenografts with respect to HIF2 dependence, suggesting that predictive biomarkers will be needed to optimize the use of such agents in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Cho
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 022145
| | - William G Kaelin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 022145
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63
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Hurst JH. William Kaelin, Peter Ratcliffe, and Gregg Semenza receive the 2016 Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3628-3638. [PMID: 27620538 DOI: 10.1172/jci90055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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64
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Wallace EM, Rizzi JP, Han G, Wehn PM, Cao Z, Du X, Cheng T, Czerwinski RM, Dixon DD, Goggin BS, Grina JA, Halfmann MM, Maddie MA, Olive SR, Schlachter ST, Tan H, Wang B, Wang K, Xie S, Xu R, Yang H, Josey JA. A Small-Molecule Antagonist of HIF2α Is Efficacious in Preclinical Models of Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2016; 76:5491-500. [PMID: 27635045 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
More than 90% of clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC) exhibit inactivation of the von Hippel-Lindau (pVHL) tumor suppressor, establishing it as the major underlying cause of this malignancy. pVHL inactivation results in stabilization of the hypoxia-inducible transcription factors, HIF1α and HIF2α, leading to expression of a genetic program essential for the initiation and progression of ccRCC. Herein, we describe the potent, selective, and orally active small-molecule inhibitor PT2385 as a specific antagonist of HIF2α that allosterically blocks its dimerization with the HIF1α/2α transcriptional dimerization partner ARNT/HIF1β. PT2385 inhibited the expression of HIF2α-dependent genes, including VEGF-A, PAI-1, and cyclin D1 in ccRCC cell lines and tumor xenografts. Treatment of tumor-bearing mice with PT2385 caused dramatic tumor regressions, validating HIF2α as a pivotal oncogenic driver in ccRCC. Notably, unlike other anticancer agents that inhibit VEGF receptor signaling, PT2385 exhibited no adverse effect on cardiovascular performance. Thus, PT2385 represents a novel class of therapeutics for the treatment of RCC with potent preclincal efficacy as well as improved tolerability relative to current agents that target the VEGF pathway. Cancer Res; 76(18); 5491-500. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xinlin Du
- Peloton Therapeutics, Inc., Dallas, Texas
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bin Wang
- Peloton Therapeutics, Inc., Dallas, Texas
| | - Keshi Wang
- Peloton Therapeutics, Inc., Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Rui Xu
- Peloton Therapeutics, Inc., Dallas, Texas
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65
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Myszczyszyn A, Czarnecka AM, Matak D, Szymanski L, Lian F, Kornakiewicz A, Bartnik E, Kukwa W, Kieda C, Szczylik C. The Role of Hypoxia and Cancer Stem Cells in Renal Cell Carcinoma Pathogenesis. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2016. [PMID: 26210994 PMCID: PMC4653234 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-015-9611-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The cancer stem cell (CSC) model has recently been approached also in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). A few populations of putative renal tumor-initiating cells (TICs) were identified, but they are indifferently understood; however, the first and most thoroughly investigated are CD105-positive CSCs. The article presents a detailed comparison of all renal CSC-like populations identified by now as well as their presumable origin. Hypoxic activation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) contributes to tumor aggressiveness by multiple molecular pathways, including the governance of immature stem cell-like phenotype and related epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)/de-differentiation, and, as a result, poor prognosis. Due to intrinsic von Hippel-Lindau protein (pVHL) loss of function, clear-cell RCC (ccRCC) develops unique pathological intra-cellular pseudo-hypoxic phenotype with a constant HIF activation, regardless of oxygen level. Despite satisfactory evidence concerning pseudo-hypoxia importance in RCC biology, its influence on putative renal CSC-like largely remains unknown. Thus, the article discusses a current knowledge of HIF-1α/2α signaling pathways in the promotion of undifferentiated tumor phenotype in general, including some experimental findings specific for pseudo-hypoxic ccRCC, mostly dependent from HIF-2α oncogenic functions. Existing gaps in understanding both putative renal CSCs and their potential connection with hypoxia need to be filled in order to propose breakthrough strategies for RCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Myszczyszyn
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna M Czarnecka
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Damian Matak
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland.,School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Szymanski
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland.,Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Fei Lian
- Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anna Kornakiewicz
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland.,School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of General Surgery and Transplantology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Bartnik
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kukwa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Czerniakowski Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Claudine Kieda
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Orléans, France
| | - Cezary Szczylik
- Department of Oncology with Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
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66
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Chen L, Xia G, Qiu F, Wu C, Denmon AP, Zi X. Physapubescin selectively induces apoptosis in VHL-null renal cell carcinoma cells through down-regulation of HIF-2α and inhibits tumor growth. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32582. [PMID: 27581364 PMCID: PMC5007653 DOI: 10.1038/srep32582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We have purified physapubescin, a predominant steroidal lactone, from medicinal plant Physalis pubescens L., commonly named as "hairy groundcherry" in English and "Deng-Long-Cao" in Chinese. Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)-null 786-O, RCC4 and A498 Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) cell lines expressing high levels of Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF)-2α are more sensitive to physapubescin-mediated apoptosis and growth inhibitory effect than VHL wild-type Caki-2 and ACHN RCC cell lines. Restoration of VHL in RCC4 cells attenuated the growth inhibitory effect of physapubescin. Physapubescin decreases the expression of HIF-2α and increases the expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologus protein (CHOP), which leads to up-regulation of death receptor 5 (DR5), activation of caspase-8 and -3, cleavage of poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase (PARP) and apoptosis. Under hypoxia conditions, the apoptotic and growth inhibitory effects of physapubescin are further enhanced. Additionally, physapubescin synergizes with TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) for markedly enhanced induction of apoptosis in VHL-null 786-O cells but not in VHL wild-type Caki-2 cells. Physapubescin significantly inhibited in vivo angiogenesis in the 786-O xenograft. Physapubescin as a novel agent for elimination of VHL-null RCC cells via apoptosis is warranted for further investigation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology
- Caspase 3/genetics
- Caspase 3/metabolism
- Caspase 8/genetics
- Caspase 8/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Gene Deletion
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Hypoxia/drug therapy
- Hypoxia/genetics
- Hypoxia/metabolism
- Hypoxia/pathology
- Kidney Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Kidney Neoplasms/genetics
- Kidney Neoplasms/metabolism
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/prevention & control
- Physalis/chemistry
- Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/genetics
- Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/metabolism
- Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/genetics
- Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/pharmacology
- Transcription Factor CHOP/agonists
- Transcription Factor CHOP/genetics
- Transcription Factor CHOP/metabolism
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein/genetics
- Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein/metabolism
- Withanolides/pharmacology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Chen
- Departments of Urology and Pharmacology, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Guiyang Xia
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P. R. China
| | - Chunli Wu
- Departments of Urology and Pharmacology, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
- Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Andria P. Denmon
- Departments of Urology and Pharmacology, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Xiaolin Zi
- Departments of Urology and Pharmacology, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
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67
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Gao Y, Li H, Ma X, Fan Y, Ni D, Zhang Y, Huang Q, Liu K, Li X, Wang L, Yao Y, Ai Q, Zhang X. E2F3 upregulation promotes tumor malignancy through the transcriptional activation of HIF-2α in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 8:54021-54036. [PMID: 28903320 PMCID: PMC5589559 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The E2F3 transcriptional regulatory pathway plays a major part in multiple-cancer progression, but the specific contributions of this pathway to tumor formation and the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) are not fully understood. Clinically, we demonstrated that E2F3 was overexpressed in advanced tumor features. Moreover, cytoplasmic restoration predicted the poor overall survival of ccRCC patients. As a remarkable oncogene for ccRCC, high HIF-2α levels closely correlated with E2F3 upregulation. We observed in vitro that E2F3 overexpression and knockdown regulated HIF-2α expression. Furthermore, we found that HIF-2α harbored multiple E2F3 binding sites in the promoters. Mechanistically, E2F3 acted to transactivate HIF-2α transcription, which in turn exerted a serial effect on the pivotal epithelial–mesenchymal transition-related genes. The RNA interference-mediated silencing of HIF-2α attenuated E2F3-enhanced cell migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Overall, our results identified HIF-2α as a direct target gene for E2F3 upregulation, which was critical for carcinogenesis and progression of ccRCC. Thus, targeting the E2F3–HIF-2α interaction may be a promising approach to ccRCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhao Li
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Yang Fan
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Dong Ni
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Qingbo Huang
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Kan Liu
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Xintao Li
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Yuanxin Yao
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Qing Ai
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
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68
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Parallel Regulation of von Hippel-Lindau Disease by pVHL-Mediated Degradation of B-Myb and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor α. Mol Cell Biol 2016; 36:1803-17. [PMID: 27090638 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00067-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
pVHL, the protein product of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene, is a ubiquitin ligase that targets hypoxia-inducible factor α (HIF-α) for proteasomal degradation. Although HIF-α activation is necessary for VHL disease pathogenesis, constitutive activation of HIF-α alone did not induce renal clear cell carcinomas and pheochromocytomas in mice, suggesting the involvement of an HIF-α-independent pathway in VHL pathogenesis. Here, we show that the transcription factor B-Myb is a pVHL substrate that is degraded via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)- and/or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-dependent tyrosine 15 phosphorylation of B-Myb prevents its degradation. Mice injected with B-Myb knockdown 786-O cells developed dramatically larger tumors than those bearing control cell tumors. Microarray screening of B-Myb-regulated genes showed that the expression of HIF-α-dependent genes was not affected by B-Myb knockdown, indicating that B-Myb prevents HIF-α-dependent tumorigenesis through an HIF-α-independent pathway. These data indicate that the regulation of B-Myb by pVHL plays a critical role in VHL disease.
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69
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Comparison of 11C-4DST and 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging for advanced renal cell carcinoma: preliminary study. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2016; 41:521-30. [PMID: 27039323 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-015-0601-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE 4'-[Methyl-(11)C]-thiothymidine (4DST) has been developed as an in vivo cell proliferation marker based on its DNA incorporation mechanism. This study evaluated the potential of 4DST PET/CT for imaging cellular proliferation in advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC), compared with FDG PET/CT. Both 4DST and FDG uptake were compared with biological findings based on surgical pathology. METHODS Five patients (3 men and 2 women; mean (±SD) age 64.8 ± 11.0 years) with a single RCC (mean diameter: 9.3 ± 3.2 cm) were examined by PET/CT using 4DST and FDG. The dynamic emission scan of 4DST for RCC over 35 min followed by a static emission scan of the body for 4DST and FDG. Then we compared the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of 20 areas of RCC on both 4DST and FDG images with (1) the Ki-67 index of cellular proliferation (2) Fuhrman grade system for nuclear grade (G) in RCC and (3) pathological phosphorylated grade of mammalian target of rapamycin (pmTOR). RESULTS All patient cases showed clear uptake of FDG and 4DST in RCC tumors, with mean 4DST SUVmax of 7.3 ± 2.2 (range 4.3-9.4) and mean FDG SUVmax of 6.0 ± 2.8 (range 3.4-10.4). The correlation coefficient between SUVmax and Ki-67 index was higher with 4DST (r = 0.61) than with FDG (r = 0.43). Tumor 4DST uptake (G0: 1.4, G2: 2.6, G2 5.6, G4: 5.7) and tumor FDG uptake (G0: 1.8, G2: 2.9, G2 3.7, G4: 4.1) were both related to Fuhrman grade system. The 4DST uptake increased as the pmTOR grade increases (G0: 3.1, G1: 4.8, G2: 4.7, G3: 6.2); in contrast FDG uptake was unrelated to pmTOR grade (G0: 2.8, G2: 4.0, G2 3.3, G4: 3.6). CONCLUSION A higher correlation with the proliferation of RCC was observed for 4DST than for FDG. The 4DST uptake exhibits the possibility to predict pmTOR grade, indicating that 4DST has potential for the evaluation of therapeutic effect with mTOR inhibitor in patients with RCC.
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70
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Expanding roles of the hypoxia-response network in chronic kidney disease. Clin Exp Nephrol 2016; 20:835-844. [PMID: 26857707 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-016-1241-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Studies over the last two decades have established tubulointerstitial hypoxia as a final common pathway leading to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is frequently associated with various degrees of hypoxic injury in distinct tubular segments, depending on the etiology and pathological stages, which constitutes an intricate link among inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis. Resident cells in the kidney are equipped with mechanisms through which they cope with hypoxia. Here, transcription of genes by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) plays a central role. In the ischemic kidney, HIF-1 is expressed in tubular and glomerular epithelial cells and in papillary interstitial cells, whereas HIF-2 is expressed in endothelial cells and interstitial fibroblasts. There is ample evidence that HIF protects the kidney from acute ischemic damage. In CKD, studies suggest that the function of HIF may be suppressed because of factors, such as oxidative stress and uremia, which may underlie the pathogenesis of both CKD and co-existing problems, such as renal anemia. Based on these observations, efforts are in progress to test whether restoration and activation of HIF might protect the kidney from CKD. Initial studies using non-specific or supraphysiological HIF activation suggested that the role of HIF may be multifactorial and depend on pathological context. On the other hand, specific HIF stabilizers, such as prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitors, are being developed for the treatment of renal anemia. Application of these compounds in experimental CKD may override those previous findings and provide deeper insight into the roles of hypoxia and oxygen-sensing pathways.
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71
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Sourbier C, Srinivasan R, Linehan WM. Metabolism and oxidative stress response pathways in kidney cancer: a tale of chance and necessity. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2016:220-5. [PMID: 25993160 DOI: 10.14694/edbook_am.2015.35.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over 270,000 patients are affected with kidney cancer worldwide and 120,000 died from this disease in 2014. Over the last few decades, important progress has been made in our understanding of the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying the growth of these tumors, which has led to improvement in patient care. Some of the most significant recent advances came from the increasing number of large datasets generated by bioinformatics (genomics, proteomics, etc.) and their integration to characterize the genetic and molecular factors responsible for kidney tumor development and survival. Interestingly, deregulated metabolism and oxidative stress pathways are commonly found in advanced-stage kidney tumors and are important factors to consider and potentially target when developing therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Sourbier
- From the Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ramaprasad Srinivasan
- From the Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - W Marston Linehan
- From the Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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72
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Zuo J, Wen M, Lei M, Peng X, Yang X, Liu Z. MiR-210 links hypoxia with cell proliferation regulation in human Laryngocarcinoma cancer. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:1039-49. [PMID: 25639884 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The microRNA hsa-miR-210 (miR-210) is associated with hypoxia; however its function has not fully identified. In the present study, we aim to detect its role concerning proliferation in Laryngocarcinoma. We found that miR-210 was highly expressed in hypoxia, which inhibited proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest in G1/G0 as well as apoptosis. We further identified that miR-210 targeted fibroblast growth factor receptor-like 1 (FGFRL1). Down regulation of FGFRL1 decreased cell proliferation by promoting proportion of cells in G1/G0 phase and decreasing in S and G2/M phases. Moreover, overexpression of FGFRL1 effectively released the miR-210-induced suppression of SCC10A cell proliferation. Expression of miR-210 repressed tumor xenograft growth in vivo as well. Together, our findings reveal a new mechanism of adaptation to hypoxia that miR-210 inhibits the proliferation via inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by the targeting of FGFRL1. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 1039-1049, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China; The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
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Bach DH, Kim SH, Hong JY, Park HJ, Oh DC, Lee SK. Salternamide A Suppresses Hypoxia-Induced Accumulation of HIF-1α and Induces Apoptosis in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:6962-76. [PMID: 26610526 PMCID: PMC4663561 DOI: 10.3390/md13116962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is an essential regulator of the cellular response to low oxygen concentrations, activating a broad range of genes that provide adaptive responses to oxygen deprivation. HIF-1α is overexpressed in various cancers and therefore represents a considerable chemotherapeutic target. Salternamide A (SA), a novel small molecule that is isolated from a halophilic Streptomyces sp., is a potent cytotoxic agent against a variety of human cancer cell lines. However, the mechanisms by which SA inhibits tumor growth remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we demonstrate that SA efficiently inhibits the hypoxia-induced accumulation of HIF-1α in a time- and concentration-dependent manner in various human cancer cells. In addition, SA suppresses the upstream signaling of HIF-1α, such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR, p42/p44 MAPK, and STAT3 signaling under hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, we found that SA induces cell death by stimulating G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells. Taken together, SA was identified as a novel small molecule HIF-1α inhibitor from marine natural products and is potentially a leading candidate in the development of anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc-Hiep Bach
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
| | - Seong-Hwan Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
| | - Ji-Young Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
| | - Hyen Joo Park
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
| | - Dong-Chan Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
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74
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Srinivasan R, Ricketts CJ, Sourbier C, Linehan WM. New strategies in renal cell carcinoma: targeting the genetic and metabolic basis of disease. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:10-7. [PMID: 25564569 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-2993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of new forms of treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma over the past two decades has been primarily focused on targeting the VHL/HIF pathway. The recent identification of mutations of chromatin-remodeling genes in clear-cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC), of genomic heterogeneity, and of a Warburg-like metabolic phenotype in advanced disease has had a profound effect on our understanding of the evolution of ccRCC and on potential approaches to personalized therapy. Early approaches to therapy for patients with advanced type I papillary RCC that have centered around the MET/HGF pathway will expand as more genomic information becomes available. Sporadic and familial type II papillary renal cell carcinoma are characterized by enhanced aerobic glycolysis and share an antioxidant response phenotype. In fumarate hydratase-deficient RCC, fumarate-induced succination of KEAP1 activates Nrf2 signaling. CUL3 and Nrf2 mutations as well as an Nrf2 activation phenotype are found in sporadic type II papillary RCC. Therapeutic approaches designed to target the Nrf2 pathway as well as to impair blood flow and glucose delivery in these cancers that are highly dependent on a robust tumor vasculature and on ready availability of glucose for energy production and glycolysis are in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramaprasad Srinivasan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christopher J Ricketts
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Carole Sourbier
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - W Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
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75
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Qiu B, Simon MC. Oncogenes strike a balance between cellular growth and homeostasis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 43:3-10. [PMID: 26277544 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Altered tumor cell metabolism is now firmly established as a hallmark of human cancer. Downstream of oncogenic events, metabolism is re-wired to support cellular energetics and supply the building blocks for biomass. Rapid, uncontrolled proliferation results in tumor growth beyond the reach of existing vasculature and triggers cellular adaptations to overcome limiting nutrient and oxygen delivery. However, oncogenic activation and metabolic re-programming also elicit cell intrinsic stresses, independent of the tumor microenvironment. To ensure metabolic robustness and stress resistance, pro-growth signals downstream of oncogene activation or tumor suppressor loss simultaneously activate homeostatic processes. Here, we summarize recent literature describing the adaptive mechanisms co-opted by common oncogenes, including mTOR, MYC, and RAS. Recurrent themes in our review include: (1) coordination of oncogene-induced changes in protein and lipid metabolism to sustain endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis, (2) maintenance of mitochondrial functional capacity to support anabolic metabolism, (3) adaptations to sustain intracellular metabolite concentrations required for growth, and (4) prevention of oxidative stress. We also include a discussion of the hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) and the AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK)--stress sensors that are co-opted to support tumor growth. Ultimately, an understanding of the adaptations required downstream of specific oncogenes could reveal targetable metabolic vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Qiu
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - M Celeste Simon
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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76
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Salama R, Masson N, Simpson P, Sciesielski LK, Sun M, Tian YM, Ratcliffe PJ, Mole DR. Heterogeneous Effects of Direct Hypoxia Pathway Activation in Kidney Cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134645. [PMID: 26262842 PMCID: PMC4532367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
General activation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathways is classically associated with adverse prognosis in cancer and has been proposed to contribute to oncogenic drive. In clear cell renal carcinoma (CCRC) HIF pathways are upregulated by inactivation of the von-Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor. However HIF-1α and HIF-2α have contrasting effects on experimental tumor progression. To better understand this paradox we examined pan-genomic patterns of HIF DNA binding and associated gene expression in response to manipulation of HIF-1α and HIF-2α and related the findings to CCRC prognosis. Our findings reveal distinct pan-genomic organization of canonical and non-canonical HIF isoform-specific DNA binding at thousands of sites. Overall associations were observed between HIF-1α-specific binding, and genes associated with favorable prognosis and between HIF-2α-specific binding and adverse prognosis. However within each isoform-specific set, individual gene associations were heterogeneous in sign and magnitude, suggesting that activation of each HIF-α isoform contributes a highly complex mix of pro- and anti-tumorigenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafik Salama
- The Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Norma Masson
- The Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Simpson
- The Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lina Katrin Sciesielski
- The Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Min Sun
- The Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ya-Min Tian
- The Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter John Ratcliffe
- The Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David Robert Mole
- The Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Tarhonskaya H, Hardy AP, Howe EA, Loik ND, Kramer HB, McCullagh JSO, Schofield CJ, Flashman E. Kinetic Investigations of the Role of Factor Inhibiting Hypoxia-inducible Factor (FIH) as an Oxygen Sensor. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:19726-42. [PMID: 26112411 PMCID: PMC4528135 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.653014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) hydroxylases regulate hypoxia sensing in animals. In humans, they comprise three prolyl hydroxylases (PHD1-3 or EGLN1-3) and factor inhibiting HIF (FIH). FIH is an asparaginyl hydroxylase catalyzing post-translational modification of HIF-α, resulting in reduction of HIF-mediated transcription. Like the PHDs, FIH is proposed to have a hypoxia-sensing role in cells, enabling responses to changes in cellular O2 availability. PHD2, the most important human PHD isoform, is proposed to be biochemically/kinetically suited as a hypoxia sensor due to its relatively high sensitivity to changes in O2 concentration and slow reaction with O2. To ascertain whether these parameters are conserved among the HIF hydroxylases, we compared the reactions of FIH and PHD2 with O2. Consistent with previous reports, we found lower Km(app)(O2) values for FIH than for PHD2 with all HIF-derived substrates. Under pre-steady-state conditions, the O2-initiated FIH reaction is significantly faster than that of PHD2. We then investigated the kinetics with respect to O2 of the FIH reaction with ankyrin repeat domain (ARD) substrates. FIH has lower Km(app)(O2) values for the tested ARDs than HIF-α substrates, and pre-steady-state O2-initiated reactions were faster with ARDs than with HIF-α substrates. The results correlate with cellular studies showing that FIH is active at lower O2 concentrations than the PHDs and suggest that competition between HIF-α and ARDs for FIH is likely to be biologically relevant, particularly in hypoxic conditions. The overall results are consistent with the proposal that the kinetic properties of individual oxygenases reflect their biological capacity to act as hypoxia sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Tarhonskaya
- From the Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom and
| | - Adam P Hardy
- From the Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom and
| | - Emily A Howe
- From the Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom and
| | - Nikita D Loik
- From the Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom and
| | - Holger B Kramer
- the OXION Proteomics Facility, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, United Kingdom
| | - James S O McCullagh
- From the Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom and
| | - Christopher J Schofield
- From the Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom and
| | - Emily Flashman
- From the Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom and
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78
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Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 in Physiological and Pathophysiological Angiogenesis: Applications and Therapies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:549412. [PMID: 26146622 PMCID: PMC4471260 DOI: 10.1155/2015/549412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cardiovascular system ensures the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to all cells, tissues, and organs. Under extended exposure to reduced oxygen levels, cells are able to survive through the transcriptional activation of a series of genes that participate in angiogenesis, glucose metabolism, and cell proliferation. The oxygen-sensitive transcriptional activator HIF-1 (hypoxia-inducible factor-1) is a key transcriptional mediator of the response to hypoxic conditions. The HIF-1 pathway was found to be a master regulator of angiogenesis. Whether the process is physiological or pathological, HIF-1 seems to participate in vasculature formation by synergistic correlations with other proangiogenic factors such as VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), PlGF (placental growth factor), or angiopoietins. Considering the important contributions of HIF-1 in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, it should be considered a promising target for treating ischaemic diseases or cancer. In this review, we discuss the roles of HIF-1 in both physiological/pathophysiological angiogenesis and potential strategies for clinical therapy.
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79
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Peng G, Liu Y. Hypoxia-inducible factors in cancer stem cells and inflammation. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:374-83. [PMID: 25857287 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) mediate metabolic switches in cells in hypoxic environments, including those in both normal and malignant tissues with limited supplies of oxygen. Paradoxically, recent studies have shown that cancer stem cells (CSCs) and activated immune effector cells exhibit high HIF activity in normoxic environments and that HIF activity is critical in the maintenance of CSCs as well as the differentiation and function of inflammatory cells. Given that inflammation and CSCs are two major barriers to effective cancer therapy, targeting HIF may provide a new approach to developing such treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong Peng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
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80
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Minton DR, Fu L, Chen Q, Robinson BD, Gross SS, Nanus DM, Gudas LJ. Analyses of the transcriptome and metabolome demonstrate that HIF1α mediates altered tumor metabolism in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120649. [PMID: 25830305 PMCID: PMC4382166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α) is a transcription factor that is frequently stabilized and active in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). We have found that constitutively active HIF1α is sufficient to cause neoplastic transformation in a murine model of ccRCC termed the TRACK model. RNA sequencing (RNAseq) and untargeted metabolomics analyses of samples from TRACK kidneys demonstrate that HIF1α activates the transcription of genes that cause increased glucose uptake, glycolysis, and lactate production, as well as a decrease in the flux of pyruvate entering the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and a decrease in oxidative phosphorylation; these changes are identical to those observed in human ccRCC samples. These studies show that a constitutively active HIF1α promotes tumorigenesis in TRACK mice by mediating a metabolic switch to aerobic glycolysis, i.e., the Warburg effect, and suggest that TRACK mice are a valid model to test novel therapies targeting metabolic changes to inhibit human ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise R. Minton
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Leiping Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Qiuying Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Brian D. Robinson
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Steven S. Gross
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - David M. Nanus
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
- Weill Cornell Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Lorraine J. Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, New York, United States of America
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
- Weill Cornell Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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81
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Differential effects of HIF-α isoforms on apoptosis in renal carcinoma cell lines. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:23. [PMID: 25729330 PMCID: PMC4342814 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germline mutations in the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene predispose individuals to clear cell renal carcinomas, hemangioblastomas, and pheochromocytomas. The VHL gene product forms an ubiquitin E3 ligase complex, with regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor alpha (HIF-α) as its best known function. Lack of VHL expression has been shown previously to sensitize renal cells to apoptosis caused by certain cellular stresses. In this report, the role of HIF-α in apoptosis was investigated using two parent VHL-null renal carcinoma cell lines. METHODS 786-O and RCC10 renal carcinoma cell lines with manipulated levels of VHL, HIF-1α, or HIF-2α were subjected to cellular stresses and analyzed by western blotting for the abundance of apoptotic markers. RESULTS Cell lines expressing mutant VHL proteins that were unable to regulate HIF-α had increased levels of apoptosis when irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) light. The influences of the two major isoforms of HIF-α, HIF-1α and HIF-2α, on apoptosis, were compared by creating cell lines in which levels of each isoform were modulated via short hairpin RNA interference. In UV-irradiated cells, HIF-2α expression was determined to promote apoptosis, whereas HIF-1α was anti-apoptotic. In cells deprived of either glucose or serum, HIF-1α expression was generally anti-apoptotic, while HIF-2α expression was observed to either promote apoptosis or have less of an influence on apoptosis, depending on the cell line used. CONCLUSIONS HIF-1α and HIF-2α exerted distinct effects in each of the conditions tested, with expression of HIF-1α largely blocking apoptosis and HIF-2α generally promoting apoptosis. These results reinforce that HIF-1α and HIF-2α have distinct biological roles and that their relative expression levels may influence some therapeutic interventions that are dependent on apoptosis.
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82
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Liao L, Testa JR, Yang H. The roles of chromatin-remodelers and epigenetic modifiers in kidney cancer. Cancer Genet 2015; 208:206-14. [PMID: 25873528 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the major subtype of kidney cancer that is characterized by frequent inactivation of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene in 80-90% of the tumors. Recent reports using massive parallel sequencing technologies have discovered additional cancer driver genes. PBRM1 was found to be mutated in about 40% of ccRCC tumors, whereas BAP1 and SETD2 were each mutated in about 10-15% of ccRCC tumors. JARID1C and UTX, two histone H3 demethylases, were also found to harbor mutations in ccRCC, albeit at lower rates. ccRCC tumors display a high degree of intra-tumoral heterogeneity, with some mutations present in all cancer cells (ubiquitous), whereas others are subclonal. The VHL mutations were always ubiquitous in the tumors; PBRM1 mutations were also ubiquitous but to a lesser extent. On the contrary, mutations in BAP1, SETD2, JARID1C, and UTX were all subclonal, meaning that they were present in a subset of cancer cells in a tumor. The prognostic value of PBRM1 mutations in ccRCC is still controversial, whereas BAP1 mutations were tightly linked to worse clinical outcomes in multiple studies. The molecular functions of these newly identified cancer driver genes are discussed, and they were known readers, writers, or erasers of histone marks on histone H2 and H3 tails that are very close to each other, suggesting that these factors might functionally interact and affect common pathways. The studies on these newly identified tumor suppressors will shed light on ccRCC tumorigenesis and development, and will likely lead to development of novel therapeutic interventions for ccRCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Liao
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Joseph R Testa
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Haifeng Yang
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.
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83
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Sustained activation of toll-like receptor 9 induces an invasive phenotype in lung fibroblasts: possible implications in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:943-57. [PMID: 25660181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by excessive scarring of the lung parenchyma, resulting in a steady decline of lung function and ultimately respiratory failure. The disease course of IPF is extremely variable, with some patients exhibiting stability of symptoms for prolonged periods of time, whereas others exhibit rapid progression and loss of lung function. Viral infections have been implicated in IPF and linked to disease severity; however, whether they directly contribute to progression is unclear. We previously classified patients as rapid and slow progressors on the basis of clinical features and expression of the pathogen recognition receptor, Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). Activation of TLR9 in vivo exacerbated IPF in mice and induced differentiation of myofibroblasts in vitro, but the mechanism of TLR9 up-regulation and progression of fibrosis are unknown. Herein, we investigate whether transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, a pleiotropic cytokine central to IPF pathogenesis, regulates TLR9 in lung myofibroblasts. Results showed induction of TLR9 expression by TGF-β in lung myofibroblasts and a distinct profibrotic myofibroblast phenotype driven by stimulation with the TLR9 agonist, CpG-DNA. Chronic TLR9 stimulation resulted in stably differentiated α-smooth muscle actin(+)/platelet-derived growth factor receptor α(+)/CD44(+)/matrix metalloproteinase-14(+)/matrix metalloproteinase-2(+) myofibroblasts, which secrete inflammatory cytokines, invade Matrigel toward platelet-derived growth factor, and resist hypoxia-induced apoptosis. These results suggest a mechanism by which TGF-β and TLR9 responses in myofibroblasts collaborate to drive rapid progression of IPF.
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84
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The role of hypoxia-inducible factor-2 in digestive system cancers. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1600. [PMID: 25590810 PMCID: PMC4669763 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is an all but ubiquitous phenomenon in cancers. Two known hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), HIF-1α and HIF-2α, primarily mediate the transcriptional response to hypoxia. Despite the high homology between HIF-1α and HIF-2α, emerging evidence suggests differences between both molecules in terms of transcriptional targets as well as impact on multiple physiological pathways and tumorigenesis. To date, much progress has been made toward understanding the roles of HIF-2α in digestive system cancers. Indeed, HIF-2α has been shown to regulate multiple aspects of digestive system cancers, including cell proliferation, angiogenesis and apoptosis, metabolism, metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy. These findings make HIF-2α a critical regulator of this malignant phenotype. Here we summarize the function of HIF-2 during cancer development as well as its contribution to tumorigenesis in digestive system malignancies.
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85
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Pan-PI-3 kinase inhibitor SF1126 shows antitumor and antiangiogenic activity in renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2015; 75:595-608. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-014-2639-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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86
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Zhang J, Ma J, Du X, Wu D, Ai H, Bai J, Dong S, Yang Q, Qu K, Lyu Y, Valenzuela RK, Liu C. Clinical and genetic investigation of a multi-generational Chinese family afflicted with Von Hippel-Lindau disease. Chin Med J (Engl) 2015; 128:32-8. [PMID: 25563310 PMCID: PMC4837816 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.147802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is a hereditary tumor disorder caused by mutations or deletions of the VHL gene. Few studies have documented the clinical phenotype and genetic basis of the occurrence of VHL disease in China. This study armed to present clinical and genetic analyses of VHL within a five-generation VHL family from Northwestern China, and summarize the VHL mutations and clinical characteristics of Chinese families with VHL according to previous studies. Methods: An epidemiological investigation of family members was done to collect the general information. A retrospective study of clinical VHL cases was launched to collect the relative clinical data. Genetic linkage and haplotype analysis were used to make sure the linkage of VHL to disease in this family. The VHL gene screening was performed by directly analyzing DNA sequence output. At last, we summarized the VHL gene mutation in China by the literature review. Results: A five-generation North-western Chinese family afflicted with VHL disease was traced in this research. The family consisted of 38 living family members, of whom nine were affected. The individuals afflicted with VHL exhibited multi-organ tumors that included pheochromocytomas (8), central nervous system hemangioblastomas (3), pancreatic endocrine tumors (2), pancreatic cysts (3), renal cysts (4), and paragangliomas (2). A linkage analysis resulted in a high maximal LOD score of 8.26 (theta = 0.0) for the marker D3S1263, which is in the same chromosome region as VHL. Sequence analysis resulted in the identification of a functional C>T transition mutation (c. 499 C>T, p.R167W) located in exon 3 of the 167th codon of VHL. All affected individuals shared this mutation, whereas the unaffected family members and an additional 100 unrelated healthy individuals did not. To date, 49 mutations have been associated with this disease in Chinese populations. The most frequent VHL mutations in China are p.S65 W, p.N78 S, p.R161Q and p.R167 W. Conclusions: The results supported the notion that the genomic sequence that corresponds to the 167th residue of VHL is a mutational hotspot. Further research is needed to clarify the molecular role of VHL in the development of organ-specific tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
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88
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Dorff T, Mack PC. The Role of mTOR Inhibitors and PI3K Pathway Blockade in Renal Cell Cancer. KIDNEY CANCER 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-17903-2_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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89
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Knowles LM, Gurski LA, Maranchie JK, Pilch J. Fibronectin Matrix Formation is a Prerequisite for Colonization of Kidney Tumor Cells in Fibrin. J Cancer 2015; 6:98-104. [PMID: 25561973 PMCID: PMC4280391 DOI: 10.7150/jca.10496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrin plays an important role in lung metastasis. Here we show that fibrin promotes colony formation in primary kidney tumor cells from patients with kidney metastasis. In addition, we found that inhibition of fibrin formation with the thrombin inhibitor hirudin in nude mice in vivo significantly reduced the metastatic outgrowth of kidney tumor cells. Colony formation was significantly more efficient in tumor cells embedded in fibrin compared to matrigel and this effect correlates with the capacity of tumor cells to assemble a fibronectin matrix and generate stress fibers. Interestingly, stress fiber formation in fibrin was a specific function of metastatic kidney tumor cells while non-metastatic cells remained round. Inhibition of stress fiber formation with the Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632, in turn, reduced fibronectin matrix assembly and colony formation in fibrin suggesting that spreading is a critical mechanism for the outgrowth of metastatic kidney tumor cells. Overall, our results indicate that adhesive interactions with fibrin play an important role for the progression of renal cell carcinoma and that inhibiting these interactions could be a promising strategy for treatment and prevention of kidney cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn M Knowles
- 1. Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Shadyside Medical Center, 5200 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA15232, USA
| | - Lisa A Gurski
- 1. Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Shadyside Medical Center, 5200 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA15232, USA
| | - Jodi K Maranchie
- 1. Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Shadyside Medical Center, 5200 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA15232, USA. ; 2. Prostate and Urological Cancers Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5150 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Jan Pilch
- 1. Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Shadyside Medical Center, 5200 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA15232, USA. ; 2. Prostate and Urological Cancers Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5150 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA. ; 3. Institute of Clinical Hemostaseology and Transfusion Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, Ringstr.52, D-66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
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90
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Abstract
Since the Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease tumour suppressor gene VHL was identified in 1993 as the genetic basis for a rare disorder, it has proved to be of wide medical and scientific interest. VHL tumour suppressor protein (pVHL) plays a key part in cellular oxygen sensing by targeting hypoxia-inducible factors for ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation. Early inactivation of VHL is commonly seen in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), and insights gained from the functional analysis of pVHL have provided the foundation for the routine treatment of advanced-stage ccRCC with novel targeted therapies. However, recent sequencing studies have identified additional driver genes that are involved in the pathogenesis of ccRCC. As our understanding of the importance of VHL matures, it is timely to review progress from its initial description to current knowledge of VHL biology, as well as future prospects for novel medical treatments for VHL disease and ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Gossage
- 1] Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK. [2] Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Box 193, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK. [3] Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Tim Eisen
- 1] Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK. [2] Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Box 193, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- 1] Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK. [2] Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Box 238, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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91
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Narayanan S, Patel PH, Fan A, Srinivas S. Epidemiology of Renal Cell Carcinoma. KIDNEY CANCER 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-17903-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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92
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Gerez J, Tedesco L, Bonfiglio JJ, Fuertes M, Barontini M, Silberstein S, Wu Y, Renner U, Páez-Pereda M, Holsboer F, Stalla GK, Arzt E. RSUME inhibits VHL and regulates its tumor suppressor function. Oncogene 2014; 34:4855-66. [PMID: 25500545 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Somatic mutations or loss of von Hippel-Lindau (pVHL) happen in the majority of VHL disease tumors, which present a constitutively active Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF), essential for tumor growth. Recently described mechanisms for pVHL modulation shed light on the open question of the HIF/pVHL pathway regulation. The aim of the present study was to determine the molecular mechanism by which RSUME stabilizes HIFs, by studying RSUME effect on pVHL function and to determine the role of RSUME on pVHL-related tumor progression. We determined that RSUME sumoylates and physically interacts with pVHL and negatively regulates the assembly of the complex between pVHL, Elongins and Cullins (ECV), inhibiting HIF-1 and 2α ubiquitination and degradation. We found that RSUME is expressed in human VHL tumors (renal clear-cell carcinoma (RCC), pheochromocytoma and hemangioblastoma) and by overexpressing or silencing RSUME in a pVHL-HIF-oxygen-dependent degradation stability reporter assay, we determined that RSUME is necessary for the loss of function of type 2 pVHL mutants. The functional RSUME/pVHL interaction in VHL-related tumor progression was further confirmed using a xenograft assay in nude mice. RCC clones, in which RSUME was knocked down and express either pVHL wt or type 2 mutation, have an impaired tumor growth, as well as HIF-2α, vascular endothelial growth factor A and tumor vascularization diminution. This work shows a novel mechanism for VHL tumor progression and presents a new mechanism and factor for targeting tumor-related pathologies with pVHL/HIF altered function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gerez
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Tedesco
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J J Bonfiglio
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Fuertes
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Barontini
- Center for Endocrinological Investigations (CEDIE), Hospital de Niños R. Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Silberstein
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Y Wu
- Department of Clinical Research, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - U Renner
- Department of Clinical Research, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - M Páez-Pereda
- Department of Clinical Research, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - F Holsboer
- Department of Clinical Research, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - G K Stalla
- Department of Clinical Research, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - E Arzt
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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93
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Koh MY, Nguyen V, Lemos R, Darnay BG, Kiriakova G, Abdelmelek M, Ho TH, Karam J, Monzon FA, Jonasch E, Powis G. Hypoxia-induced SUMOylation of E3 ligase HAF determines specific activation of HIF2 in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Res 2014; 75:316-29. [PMID: 25421578 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Clear-cell renal cell cancer (CRCC) is initiated typically by loss of the tumor-suppressor VHL, driving constitutive activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF1) and HIF2. However, whereas HIF1 has a tumor-suppressor role, HIF2 plays a distinct role in driving CRCC. In this study, we show that the HIF1α E3 ligase hypoxia-associated factor (HAF) complexes with HIF2α at DNA to promote HIF2-dependent transcription through a mechanism relying upon HAF SUMOylation. HAF SUMOylation was induced by hypoxia, whereas HAF-mediated HIF1α degradation was SUMOylation independent. HAF overexpression in mice increased CRCC growth and metastasis. Clinically, HAF overexpression was associated with poor prognosis. Taken together, our results show that HAF is a specific mediator of HIF2 activation that is critical for CRCC development and morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yee Koh
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California.
| | - Vuvi Nguyen
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Robert Lemos
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Bryant G Darnay
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Galina Kiriakova
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mena Abdelmelek
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Thai H Ho
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Jose Karam
- Department of GU Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Federico A Monzon
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Eric Jonasch
- Department of GU Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Garth Powis
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California
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94
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Abstract
Self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and leukemia-initiating cells (LICs) has been proposed to be influenced by low oxygen tension (hypoxia). This signaling, related to the cellular localization inside the bone marrow niche and/or influenced by extrinsic factors, promotes the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). Whether HIF-1α can be used as a therapeutic target in the treatment of myeloid malignancies remains unknown. We have used 3 different murine models to investigate the role of HIF-1α in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) initiation/progression and self-renewal of LICs. Unexpectedly, we failed to observe a delay or prevention of disease development from hematopoietic cells lacking Hif-1α. In contrast, deletion of Hif-1α resulted in faster development of the disease and an enhanced leukemia phenotype in some of the investigated models. Our results therefore warrant reconsideration of the role of HIF-1α and, as a consequence, question its generic therapeutic usefulness in AML.
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95
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Kohn EC, Romano S, Lee JM. Clinical implications of using molecular diagnostics for ovarian cancers. Ann Oncol 2014; 24 Suppl 10:x22-26. [PMID: 24265398 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In the era of morphologic diagnostics, any epithelial tumor on or involving the ovaries was presumed to come from and be strictly of ovarian origin, apart from the rare but clearly metastatic tumors. Thus, many women who might have had small fallopian tube primary cancers that rapidly extended on to or into the ovary were deemed to have ovarian cancer. Now, as we begin to better understand that there are different types of cancers of nonuterine Muellerian origin, we expand upon the morphologic to add the molecular characteristics. Morphomolecular characteristics are being applied to drive clinical advances including development and optimization of predictive and prognostic biomarkers, redefinition of historical controls, and consideration of novel clinical trial designs. Ovarian cancer, not a common cancer to start with, is now subdivided into types, making ever smaller clinical cohorts. The first studies evaluating tubo-ovarian Muellerian cancers of morphomolecular types have begun. Deleterious mutations in BRCA1 or 2 have been validated as the first new predictive and prognostic biomarker of the high-grade serous ovarian cancer type and polyADPribose polymerase inhibitors, the first targeted agents for this morphomolecular entity. Similar progress is developing in other tubo-ovarian cancer types. This new knowledge is driving the building of a structure-function-type relationship that is generating novel clinically applicable hypotheses for testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Kohn
- Molecular Signaling Section, Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
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96
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Gregg JL, Turner RM, Chang G, Joshi D, Zhan Y, Chen L, Maranchie JK. NADPH oxidase NOX4 supports renal tumorigenesis by promoting the expression and nuclear accumulation of HIF2α. Cancer Res 2014; 74:3501-3511. [PMID: 24755467 PMCID: PMC4079760 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Most sporadically occurring renal tumors include a functional loss of the tumor suppressor von Hippel Lindau (VHL). Development of VHL-deficient renal cell carcinoma (RCC) relies upon activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF2α), a master transcriptional regulator of genes that drive diverse processes, including angiogenesis, proliferation, and anaerobic metabolism. In determining the critical functions for HIF2α expression in RCC cells, the NADPH oxidase NOX4 has been identified, but the pathogenic contributions of NOX4 to RCC have not been evaluated directly. Here, we report that NOX4 silencing in VHL-deficient RCC cells abrogates cell branching, invasion, colony formation, and growth in a murine xenograft model RCC. These alterations were phenocopied by treatment of the superoxide scavenger, TEMPOL, or by overexpression of manganese superoxide dismutase or catalase. Notably, NOX4 silencing or superoxide scavenging was sufficient to block nuclear accumulation of HIF2α in RCC cells. Our results offer direct evidence that NOX4 is critical for renal tumorigenesis and they show how NOX4 suppression and VHL re-expression in VHL-deficient RCC cells are genetically synonymous, supporting development of therapeutic regimens aimed at NOX4 blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Gregg
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Urology and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute
| | - Robert M. Turner
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Urology and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute
| | - Guimin Chang
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Urology and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute
| | - Disha Joshi
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Urology and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute
| | - Ye Zhan
- University of Massachusetts, Department of Surgery
| | - Li Chen
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Urology and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute
| | - Jodi K. Maranchie
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Urology and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute
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97
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Gudas LJ, Fu L, Minton DR, Mongan NP, Nanus DM. The role of HIF1α in renal cell carcinoma tumorigenesis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2014; 92:825-36. [PMID: 24916472 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-014-1180-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The transcription factor HIF1α is implicated in the development of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Although HIF1α was initially believed to be essential for ccRCC development, recent studies hypothesize an oncogenic role for HIF2α in ccRCC, but a tumor suppressor role for HIF1α, leading to uncertainty as to the precise roles of the different HIF transcription factors in this disease. Using evidence available from studies with human ccRCC cell lines, mouse xenografts, murine models of ccRCC, and human ccRCC specimens, we evaluate the roles of HIF1α and HIF2α in the pathogenesis of ccRCC. We present a convergence of clinical and mechanistic data supporting an important role for HIF1α in promoting tumorigenesis in a clinically important and large subset of ccRCC. This indicates that current understanding of the exact roles of HIF1α and HIF2α is incomplete and that further research is required to determine the diverse roles of HIF1α and HIF2α in ccRCC. KEY MESSAGES The TRACK mouse ccRCC model with constitutively active HIF1α but not HIF2α expressed in proximal tubules develops RCC. HIF1α protein is expressed in the majority of human ccRCC specimens. Elevated HIF1α in ccRCC correlates with a worse prognosis. Many publications do not support a tumor suppressor role for HIF1α in ccRCC. HIF1α, but not HIF2α, is expressed in some types of cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine J Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College (WCMC) of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA,
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98
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Wang Y, Abu-Asab MS, Shen D, Zhuang Z, Chew EY, Chan CC. Upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factors and autophagy in von Hippel-Lindau-associated retinal hemangioblastoma. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2014; 252:1319-27. [PMID: 24859386 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-014-2660-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe pathological and molecular changes of three patients with clinically severe von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)-associated retinal hemangioblastoma (RH) with rapid progression. METHODS Medical records, ocular histopathology, and transmission electron microscopy from three cases of VHL-associated RHs at the National Eye Institute were retrospectively reviewed. One eye of each patient was enucleated. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1α and HIF2α expressions were identified by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS All three cases had rapidly growing RHs that were resistant to multiple conventional therapies and two (patients 1 and 2) were also resistant to multiple intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatments. Macroscopically, all the enucleated eyes had multiple RHs, serous retinal detachment, severe retinal disorganization and focal hemorrhages. Histopathology showed typical RHs composed of vacuolated foamy VHL cells and capillary networks. Retinal gliosis and hemorrhages were also presented. Additionally, T lymphocytes and macrophages infiltrated in the tumors of two patients resistant to anti-VEGF therapy. Immunohistochemistry, and qRT-PCR found upregulation of HIF1α in the retinal lesions of all eyes. Importantly, upregulation of HIF2α was exclusively detected in the two cases with inflammatory infiltration and resistance to anti-VEGF therapy. Ultrastructural images showed autophagy, lipid droplets, glycogen aggregations, and cytoplasmic degeneration in many VHL cells. CONCLUSIONS Based on the histopathological and molecular pathological findings, autophagy, inflammation, and/or upregulation of HIF2α could potentially contribute to the aggressive course of RHs, resulting in the resistance to multiple anti-VEGF and radiation therapies in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Wang
- Immunopathology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr., 10/10N103, NIH/NEI, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1857, USA,
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99
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Kroeger N, Seligson DB, Signoretti S, Yu H, Magyar CE, Huang J, Belldegrun AS, Pantuck AJ. Poor prognosis and advanced clinicopathological features of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) are associated with cytoplasmic subcellular localisation of Hypoxia inducible factor-2α. Eur J Cancer 2014; 50:1531-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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100
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Essers PB, Klasson TD, Pereboom TC, Mans DA, Nicastro M, Boldt K, Giles RH, MacInnes AW. The von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor regulates programmed cell death 5-mediated degradation of Mdm2. Oncogene 2014; 34:771-9. [PMID: 24469044 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Functional loss of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor protein (pVHL), which is part of an E3-ubiquitin ligase complex, initiates most inherited and sporadic clear-cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC). Genetic inactivation of the TP53 gene in ccRCC is rare, suggesting that an alternate mechanism alleviates the selective pressure for TP53 mutations in ccRCC. Here we use a zebrafish model to describe the functional consequences of pVHL loss on the p53/Mdm2 pathway. We show that p53 is stabilized in the absence of pVHL and becomes hyperstabilized upon DNA damage, which we propose is because of a novel in vivo interaction revealed between human pVHL and a negative regulator of Mdm2, the programmed cell death 5 (PDCD5) protein. PDCD5 is normally localized at the plasma membrane and in the cytoplasm. However, upon hypoxia or loss of pVHL, PDCD5 relocalizes to the nucleus, an event that is coupled to the degradation of Mdm2. Despite the subsequent hyperstabilization and normal transcriptional activity of p53, we find that zebrafish vhl(-/-) cells are still as highly resistant to DNA damage-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis as human ccRCC cells. We suggest this is because of a marked increase in expression of birc5a, the zebrafish homolog of Survivin. Accordingly, when we knock down Survivin in human ccRCC cells we are able to restore caspase activity in response to DNA damage. Taken together, our study describes a new mechanism for p53 stabilization through PDCD5 upon hypoxia or pVHL loss, and reveals new clinical potential for the treatment of pathobiological disorders linked to hypoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Essers
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - T D Klasson
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - T C Pereboom
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - D A Mans
- 1] Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands [2] Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M Nicastro
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - K Boldt
- Center for Ophthalmic Research, Medical Proteome Center, Eberhard-Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - R H Giles
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A W MacInnes
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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