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Dushku E, Ioannou A, Staikou A, Yiangou M. Probiotic properties and immunomodulatory activity of gastrointestinal tract commensal bacterial strains isolated from the edible farmed snail Cornu aspersum maxima. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:792-801. [PMID: 31271839 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro probiotic properties as well as the immunomodulatory activity of bacterial strains isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of the edible-farmed land snail Cornu aspersum maxima. Forty lactic acid bacterial strains (named Sgs1-40) were isolated from the intestinal tract and eight strains (named SgmA-H) from the oesophagus-crop of snails. Several criteria were used to examine whether they may be applied as snail-specific for the screening of the presumptive probiotic bacterial strains. Principal Component Analysis using criteria such as the tolerance of these strains to the pedal mucus, gastric mucus, gastric juices and low pH, as well as the expression of the cell surface traits of hydrophobicity, biofilm formation and autoaggregation capacity revealed discrimination of twelve strains exhibiting presumptive in vitro probiotic properties. Injection of eight of these strains, which were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, in snail haemocoel increased the recruitment and phagocytic activity of amoebocytes in snail haemolymph. The Sgs14 and SgmB strains, exhibiting the highest immunostimulatory activity in haemolymph, were FITC-labelled and orally administrated to snails for ten days. The Sgs14 strain was able to adhere to intestinal mucosa of snails and stimulate the chemotactic and phagocytic activity of amoebocytes in haemolymph as well as the bactericidal activity of haemolymph serum. These responses are potentially mediated by the regulation of TLRs expression in the gut mucosa. These data indicate that the determination of properties such as snail mucus and gastric juice tolerance, cell surface traits for adhesion as well as increased chemotactic and phagocytic activity in snail haemolymph are eligible criteria to screen for snail-specific probiotics. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that investigates the probiotic properties of gastrointestinal microflora of the terrestrial farmed snail Cornu aspersum maxima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmeralda Dushku
- Department of Genetics, Development & Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasia Ioannou
- Department of Genetics, Development & Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandra Staikou
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Minas Yiangou
- Department of Genetics, Development & Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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52
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González S, Fernández-Navarro T, Arboleya S, de Los Reyes-Gavilán CG, Salazar N, Gueimonde M. Fermented Dairy Foods: Impact on Intestinal Microbiota and Health-Linked Biomarkers. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1046. [PMID: 31191465 PMCID: PMC6545342 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intake of fermented foods is gaining increasing interest due to their health-promoting benefits. Among them, fermented dairy foods have been associated with obesity prevention, and reduction of the risk of metabolic disorders and immune-related pathologies. Fermented foods could lead to these health benefits by providing the consumer with both easily metabolizable nutrients and beneficial microorganisms. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between the consumption of fermented dairy products and the intestinal microbiota, serum lipid profile, and the pro-oxidant/inflammatory status. 130 healthy adults were evaluated. Dietary fermented food intake was assessed by an annual food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), including 26 fermented dairy products. Levels of the major phylogenetic types of the intestinal microbiota were determined by qPCR, and concentration of fecal short chain fatty acids were assessed by gas chromatography. Serum glucose and lipid profile, as well as serum malondialdehyde (MDA), C-reactive protein (CRP), and leptin levels were determined by standardized protocols. Among fermented dairy foods, natural yogurt, sweetened yogurt and matured/semi-matured cheese were the most consumed. While natural yogurt consumers showed increased fecal levels of Akkermansia with respect to non-consumers, sweetened yogurt intake was associated to lower levels of Bacteroides. Serum levels of CRP were also significantly reduced in yogurt consumers. Our results underline the interest in exploring the potential effects of the different yogurt types and the role the microbiota may play in such effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S González
- Area of Physiology, Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine. University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Group Diet, Microbiota and Health, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - T Fernández-Navarro
- Area of Physiology, Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Medicine. University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Group Diet, Microbiota and Health, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - S Arboleya
- Group Diet, Microbiota and Health, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.,Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - C G de Los Reyes-Gavilán
- Group Diet, Microbiota and Health, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.,Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - N Salazar
- Group Diet, Microbiota and Health, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.,Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - M Gueimonde
- Group Diet, Microbiota and Health, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.,Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
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53
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Suez J, Zmora N, Segal E, Elinav E. The pros, cons, and many unknowns of probiotics. Nat Med 2019; 25:716-729. [DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 615] [Impact Index Per Article: 123.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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54
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Partula V, Mondot S, Torres MJ, Kesse-Guyot E, Deschasaux M, Assmann K, Latino-Martel P, Buscail C, Julia C, Galan P, Hercberg S, Rouilly V, Thomas S, Quintana-Murci L, Albert ML, Duffy D, Lantz O, Touvier M. Associations between usual diet and gut microbiota composition: results from the Milieu Intérieur cross-sectional study. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:1472-1483. [PMID: 31051503 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet is widely recognized as one of the main modifiable drivers of gut microbiota variability, and its influence on microbiota composition is an active area of investigation. OBJECTIVE The present work aimed to explore the associations between usual diet and gut microbiota composition in a large sample of healthy French adults. METHODS Gut microbiota composition was established through sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene in stool samples from 862 healthy French adults of the Milieu Intérieur study. Usual dietary consumptions were determined through the administration of a food-frequency questionnaire. The associations between dietary variables and α- and β-diversity indexes and relative taxa abundances were tested using Spearman correlations, permutational ANOVAs, and multivariate analyses with linear models, respectively. RESULTS Foods generally considered as healthy (raw fruits, fish) were positively associated with α-diversity, whereas food items for which a limited consumption is generally recommended (fried products, sodas or sugary drinks, fatty sweet products, processed meats, ready-cooked meals, and desserts) were negatively associated with α-diversity. Fruits, fried products, ready-cooked meals, and cheese contributed to shifts within microbiota composition (β-diversity). Our results also highlighted a number of associations between various food group intakes and abundances of specific phyla, genera, and species. For instance, the consumption of cheese was negatively associated with Akkermansia muciniphila abundance. CONCLUSIONS This large-scale population-based study supports that the usual consumption of certain food items is associated with several gut microbial features, and extends the mechanistic arguments linking Western diet to an altered microbiota composition. These results provide new insights into the understanding of complex diet-gut microbiota relations, and their implications for host health deserve further investigation because altered microbiota diversity was consistently linked to increased risk of several health outcomes. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01699893.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Partula
- Sorbonne-Paris-Cité Research Center for Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN) (INSERM U1153/INRA U1125/CNAM/Université Paris-XIII Nord), Bobigny, France.,University of Paris-VII Denis Diderot, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité University, Department of Life Sciences (SdV), Paris, France
| | | | - Marion J Torres
- Nutritional Epidemiology Surveillance Team (ESEN) (Santé Publique France/Université Paris-XIII Nord/CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
- Sorbonne-Paris-Cité Research Center for Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN) (INSERM U1153/INRA U1125/CNAM/Université Paris-XIII Nord), Bobigny, France
| | - Mélanie Deschasaux
- Sorbonne-Paris-Cité Research Center for Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN) (INSERM U1153/INRA U1125/CNAM/Université Paris-XIII Nord), Bobigny, France
| | - Karen Assmann
- Sorbonne-Paris-Cité Research Center for Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN) (INSERM U1153/INRA U1125/CNAM/Université Paris-XIII Nord), Bobigny, France
| | - Paule Latino-Martel
- Sorbonne-Paris-Cité Research Center for Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN) (INSERM U1153/INRA U1125/CNAM/Université Paris-XIII Nord), Bobigny, France
| | - Camille Buscail
- Sorbonne-Paris-Cité Research Center for Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN) (INSERM U1153/INRA U1125/CNAM/Université Paris-XIII Nord), Bobigny, France.,Department of Public Health, Hôpital Avicenne (Hôpitaux Universitaires 93/AP-HP), Bobigny, France
| | - Chantal Julia
- Sorbonne-Paris-Cité Research Center for Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN) (INSERM U1153/INRA U1125/CNAM/Université Paris-XIII Nord), Bobigny, France.,Department of Public Health, Hôpital Avicenne (Hôpitaux Universitaires 93/AP-HP), Bobigny, France
| | - Pilar Galan
- Sorbonne-Paris-Cité Research Center for Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN) (INSERM U1153/INRA U1125/CNAM/Université Paris-XIII Nord), Bobigny, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Sorbonne-Paris-Cité Research Center for Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN) (INSERM U1153/INRA U1125/CNAM/Université Paris-XIII Nord), Bobigny, France.,Department of Public Health, Hôpital Avicenne (Hôpitaux Universitaires 93/AP-HP), Bobigny, France
| | - Vincent Rouilly
- Center of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Integrative Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Center for Translation Research, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Thomas
- Center for Translation Research, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Immunobiology of Dendritic Cells laboratory (INSERM U1223/Institut Pasteur), Paris, France
| | - Lluis Quintana-Murci
- Human Evolutionary Genetics laboratory (CNRS URA3012/Institut Pasteur), Paris, France
| | - Matthew L Albert
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Immunobiology of Dendritic Cells laboratory (INSERM U1223/Institut Pasteur), Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lantz
- Curie Institute, PSL University, INSERM U932, Paris, France.,Clinical Investigation Center CIC-BT1428 (Institut Gustave Roussy/Institut Curie), INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Sorbonne-Paris-Cité Research Center for Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN) (INSERM U1153/INRA U1125/CNAM/Université Paris-XIII Nord), Bobigny, France
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Ulven SM, Holven KB, Gil A, Rangel-Huerta OD. Milk and Dairy Product Consumption and Inflammatory Biomarkers: An Updated Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:S239-S250. [PMID: 31089732 PMCID: PMC6518147 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk and dairy products contribute ≤14% of the caloric intake in developed countries. Recent evidence has shown controversial results with regard to the role of dairy products in deleterious processes such as inflammation. The increasing number of studies on the anti- and proinflammatory effects of milk and dairy products in the past 5 y reflects the growing interest in this area of research. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the scientific evidence provided in the past 5 y on the effects of milk and dairy products on inflammatory biomarkers provided by randomized clinical trials. The search strategy was conducted in Medline (via PubMed) and Scopus (which includes EMBASE and the Web of Science) databases and included articles from 1 January 2012 to 30 April 2018. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane methodology. The number of study participants, type of study, doses, and the key results are reported. The following primary outcomes were considered for inclusion: circulating concentrations of C-reactive protein, interleukins, cytokines, and vascular adhesion molecules or expression of proinflammatory genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells; however, the primary outcomes considered were not limited to these. Sixteen studies (15 articles) included in this systematic review reported on healthy individuals and subjects who were overweight or obese and who had metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes. The consumption of milk or dairy products did not show a proinflammatory effect in healthy subjects or individuals with metabolic abnormalities. The majority of studies documented a significant anti-inflammatory effect in both healthy and metabolically abnormal subjects, although not all the articles were of high quality. This review was registered on PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) at https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=94535 as CRD42018094535.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine M Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Angel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy,Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix,” Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain,ibs.GRANADA, University Hospital Complex of Granada, Granada, Spain,CIBEROBN (CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30028), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar D Rangel-Huerta
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Address correspondence to ODR-H (e-mail: )
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56
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Donovan SM, Rao G. Health benefits of yogurt among infants and toddlers aged 4 to 24 months: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2019; 77:478-486. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon M Donovan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Goutham Rao
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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57
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Koutnikova H, Genser B, Monteiro-Sepulveda M, Faurie JM, Rizkalla S, Schrezenmeir J, Clément K. Impact of bacterial probiotics on obesity, diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease related variables: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e017995. [PMID: 30928918 PMCID: PMC6475231 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review the effect of oral intake of bacterial probiotics on 15 variables related to obesity, diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Medline, EMBASE and COCHRANE from 1990 to June 2018. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (≥14 days) excluding hypercholesterolaemia, alcoholic liver disease, polycystic ovary syndrome and children <3 years. RESULTS One hundred and five articles met inclusion criteria, representing 6826 subjects. In overweight but not obese subjects, probiotics induced improvements in: body weight (k=25 trials, d=-0.94 kg mean difference, 95% CI -1.17 to -0.70, I²=0.0%), body mass index (k=32, d=-0.55 kg/m², 95% CI -0.86 to -0.23, I²=91.9%), waist circumference (k=13, d=-1.31 cm, 95% CI -1.79 to -0.83, I²=14.5%), body fat mass (k=11, d=-0.96 kg, 95% CI -1.21 to -0.71, I²=0.0%) and visceral adipose tissue mass (k=5, d=-6.30 cm², 95% CI -9.05 to -3.56, I²=0.0%). In type 2 diabetics, probiotics reduced fasting glucose (k=19, d=-0.66 mmol/L, 95% CI -1.00 to -0.31, I²=27.7%), glycated haemoglobin (k=13, d=-0.28 pp, 95% CI -0.46 to -0.11, I²=54.1%), insulin (k=13, d=-1.66 mU/L, 95% CI -2.70 to -0.61, I²=37.8%) and homeostatic model of insulin resistance (k=10, d=-1.05 pp, 95% CI -1.48 to -0.61, I²=18.2%). In subjects with fatty liver diseases, probiotics reduced alanine (k=12, d=-10.2 U/L, 95% CI -14.3 to -6.0, I²=93.50%) and aspartate aminotransferases (k=10, d=-9.9 U/L, 95% CI -14.1 to -5.8, I²=96.1%). These improvements were mostly observed with bifidobacteria (Bifidobacterium breve, B. longum), Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus and lactobacilli (Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. casei, L. delbrueckii) containing mixtures and influenced by trials conducted in one country. CONCLUSIONS The intake of probiotics resulted in minor but consistent improvements in several metabolic risk factors in subjects with metabolic diseases. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42016033273.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernd Genser
- BGStats Consulting, Vienna, Austria
- Mannheimer Institut fur Public Health, Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg, Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Milena Monteiro-Sepulveda
- Nutrition Department, Pitie-Salpêtrière hospital, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Salwa Rizkalla
- Nutrition Department, Pitie-Salpêtrière hospital, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jürgen Schrezenmeir
- Clinical Research Center Kiel, Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Universitatsmedizin, Mainz, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany
| | - Karine Clément
- Nutrition Department, Pitie-Salpêtrière hospital, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), NutriOmiCs team, UMR S 1269, Paris, France
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58
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Associations of Probiotic Fermented Milk (PFM) and Yogurt Consumption with Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus Components of the Gut Microbiota in Healthy Adults. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030651. [PMID: 30889821 PMCID: PMC6470543 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study investigates whether probiotic fermented milk (PFM) and yogurt consumption (YC) are related to both the ingested bacteria taxa and the overall gut microbiota (GM) composition in healthy adults. PFM and YC habits were analyzed in 260 subjects (51% male) by specific questionnaires, and the following groups were considered: (1) PFM groups: nonconsumers (PFM-NC, n = 175) and consumers (PFM, n = 85), divided as follows: Bifidobacterium-containing PFM (Bif-PFM; n = 33), Lactobacillus-containing PFM (Lb-PFM; n = 14), and mixed Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus-containing PFM (Mixed-PFM; n = 38); (2) PFM-NC were classified as: yogurt nonconsumers (Y-NC; n = 40) and yogurt consumers (n = 135). GM was analyzed through 16S rRNA sequencing. PFM consumers showed higher Bifidobacteria taxa levels compared to NC, from phylum through to species. Specifically, Bif-PFM consumption was related to higher B. animalis levels (p < 0.001), whereas Lb-PFM consumption was associated to higher levels of Bifidobacterium (p < 0.045) and B. longum (p = 0.011). YC was related to higher levels of the yogurt starter Streptococcus thermophilus (p < 0.001). Lactobacilli and the overall GM were not related either to YC or PFM consumption. According to these results, healthy adults might benefit from PFM intake by increasing Bifidobacterium levels.
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59
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Vionnet N, Münger LH, Freiburghaus C, Burton KJ, Pimentel G, Pralong FP, Badertscher R, Vergères G. Assessment of lactase activity in humans by measurement of galactitol and galactonate in serum and urine after milk intake. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:470-477. [PMID: 30721917 PMCID: PMC6367971 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lactase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose into glucose and galactose in the small intestine, where they are absorbed. Hypolactasia is a common condition, primarily caused by genetic programming, that leads to lactose maldigestion and, in certain cases, lactose intolerance. Galactitol and galactonate are 2 products of hepatic galactose metabolism that are candidate markers for the intake of lactose-containing foods. Objectives The primary objective of the study was to explore the changes in serum and urine metabolomes during postprandial dairy product tests through the association between lactase persistence genotype and the postprandial dynamics of lactose-derived metabolites. Methods We characterized the 6-h postprandial serum kinetics and urinary excretion of lactose, galactose, galactitol, and galactonate in 14 healthy men who had consumed a single dose of acidified milk (800 g) which contained 38.8 g lactose. Genotyping of LCT-13910 C/T (rs4988235) was performed to assess primary lactase persistence. Results There were 2 distinct postprandial responses, classified as high and low metabolite responses, observed for galactose, and its metabolites galactitol and galactonate, in serum and urine. In all but 1 subject, there was a concordance between the high metabolite responses and genetic lactase persistence and between the low metabolite responses and genetic lactase nonpersistence (accuracy 0.92), galactitol and galactonate being more discriminative than galactose. Conclusions Postprandial galactitol and galactonate after lactose overload appear to be good proxies for genetically determined lactase activity. The development of a noninvasive lactose digestion test based on the measurement of these metabolites in urine could be clinically useful. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02230345.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Vionnet
- Lausanne University Hospital, Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Linda H Münger
- Agroscope, Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carola Freiburghaus
- Agroscope, Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kathryn J Burton
- Lausanne University Hospital, Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégory Pimentel
- Lausanne University Hospital, Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Lausanne, Switzerland,Agroscope, Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research, Bern, Switzerland
| | - François P Pralong
- Lausanne University Hospital, Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - René Badertscher
- Agroscope, Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Guy Vergères
- Agroscope, Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research, Bern, Switzerland,Address correspondence to GV (e-mail: )
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60
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Kok CR, Hutkins R. Yogurt and other fermented foods as sources of health-promoting bacteria. Nutr Rev 2018; 76:4-15. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuy056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Car Reen Kok
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Robert Hutkins
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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61
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Donovan SM, Hutkins R. Introduction to the Fifth Global Summit on the Health Effects of Yogurt. Nutr Rev 2018; 76:1-3. [PMID: 30452696 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuy054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon M Donovan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Robert Hutkins
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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62
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Bartley A, Yang T, Arocha R, Malphurs WL, Larkin R, Magee KL, Vickroy TW, Zubcevic J. Increased Abundance of Lactobacillales in the Colon of Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Knock Out Mouse Is Associated With Increased Gut Bacterial Production of Short Chain Fatty Acids and Reduced IL17 Expression in Circulating CD4 + Immune Cells. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1593. [PMID: 30483153 PMCID: PMC6242911 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests an associative link between gut dysbiosis, the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the immune system in pathophysiology of neurogenic hypertension (HTN). However, the close interplay between these three systems presents us with difficulties in deciphering the cause-effect relationship in disease. The present study utilized beta 1 and 2 adrenergic receptor knock out (AdrB1tm1BkkAdrB2tm1Bkk/J KO) mice to isolate the effects of reduced overall sympathetic drive on gut microbiota and systemic immune system. We observed the following: (i) Diminished beta adrenergic signaling mainly reflects in shifts in the Firmicutes phyla, with a significant increase in abundance of largely beneficial Bacilli Lactobacillales in the KO mice; (ii) This was associated with increased colonic production of beneficial short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) butyrate, acetate and propionate, confirming functional microbiota shifts in the KO mice; (iii) Dampened systemic immune responses in the KO mice reflected in reduction on circulating CD4+.IL17+ T cells and increase in young neutrophils, both previously associated with shifts in the gut microbiota. Taken together, these observations demonstrate that reduced expression of beta adrenergic receptors may lead to beneficial shifts in the gut microbiota and dampened systemic immune responses. Considering the role of both in hypertension, this suggests that dietary intervention may be a viable option for manipulation of blood pressure via correcting gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akeem Bartley
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Rebeca Arocha
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Wendi L Malphurs
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Riley Larkin
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Kacy L Magee
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Thomas W Vickroy
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jasenka Zubcevic
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Münger LH, Garcia-Aloy M, Vázquez-Fresno R, Gille D, Rosana ARR, Passerini A, Soria-Florido MT, Pimentel G, Sajed T, Wishart DS, Andres Lacueva C, Vergères G, Praticò G. Biomarker of food intake for assessing the consumption of dairy and egg products. GENES & NUTRITION 2018; 13:26. [PMID: 30279743 PMCID: PMC6162878 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-018-0615-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dairy and egg products constitute an important part of Western diets as they represent an excellent source of high-quality proteins, vitamins, minerals and fats. Dairy and egg products are highly diverse and their associations with a range of nutritional and health outcomes are therefore heterogeneous. Such associations are also often weak or debated due to the difficulty in establishing correct assessments of dietary intake. Therefore, in order to better characterize associations between the consumption of these foods and health outcomes, it is important to identify reliable biomarkers of their intake. Biomarkers of food intake (BFIs) provide an accurate measure of intake, which is independent of the memory and sincerity of the subjects as well as of their knowledge about the consumed foods. We have, therefore, conducted a systematic search of the scientific literature to evaluate the current status of potential BFIs for dairy products and BFIs for egg products commonly consumed in Europe. Strikingly, only a limited number of compounds have been reported as markers for the intake of these products and none of them have been sufficiently validated. A series of challenges hinders the identification and validation of BFI for dairy and egg products, in particular, the heterogeneous composition of these foods and the lack of specificity of the markers identified so far. Further studies are, therefore, necessary to validate these compounds and to discover new candidate BFIs. Untargeted metabolomic strategies may allow the identification of novel biomarkers, which, when taken separately or in combination, could be used to assess the intake of dairy and egg products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mar Garcia-Aloy
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Campus Torribera, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Vázquez-Fresno
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9 Canada
| | - Doreen Gille
- Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Albert Remus R Rosana
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9 Canada
| | - Anna Passerini
- University of Copenhagen, NEXS 30, Rolighedsvej, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - María-Trinidad Soria-Florido
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Campus Torribera, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Grégory Pimentel
- Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tanvir Sajed
- Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9 Canada
| | - David S Wishart
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9 Canada
- Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9 Canada
| | - Cristina Andres Lacueva
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Campus Torribera, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Giulia Praticò
- University of Copenhagen, NEXS 30, Rolighedsvej, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Biver E, Durosier-Izart C, Merminod F, Chevalley T, van Rietbergen B, Ferrari SL, Rizzoli R. Fermented dairy products consumption is associated with attenuated cortical bone loss independently of total calcium, protein, and energy intakes in healthy postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29:1771-1782. [PMID: 29725715 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-4535-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A longitudinal analysis of bone microstructure in postmenopausal women of the Geneva Retirees Cohort indicates that age-related cortical bone loss is attenuated at non-bearing bone sites in fermented dairy products consumers, not in milk or ripened cheese consumers, independently of total energy, calcium, or protein intakes. INTRODUCTION Fermented dairy products (FDP), including yogurts, provide calcium, phosphorus, and proteins together with prebiotics and probiotics, all being potentially beneficial for bone. In this prospective cohort study, we investigated whether FDP, milk, or ripened cheese consumptions influence age-related changes of bone mineral density (BMD) and microstructure. METHODS Dietary intakes were assessed at baseline and after 3.0 ± 0.5 years with a food frequency questionnaire in 482 postmenopausal women enrolled in the Geneva Retirees Cohort. Cortical (Ct) and trabecular (Tb) volumetric (v) BMD and microstructure at the distal radius and tibia were assessed by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computerized tomography, in addition to areal (a) BMD and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, at the same time points. RESULTS At baseline, FDP consumers had lower abdominal fat mass and larger bone size at the radius and tibia. Parathyroid hormone and β-carboxyterminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen levels were inversely correlated with FDP consumption. In the longitudinal analysis, FDP consumption (mean of the two assessments) was associated with attenuated loss of radius total vBMD and of Ct vBMD, area, and thickness. There was no difference in aBMD and at the tibia. These associations were independent of total energy, calcium, or protein intakes. For other dairy products categories, only milk consumption was associated with lower decrease of aBMD and of failure load at the radius. CONCLUSION In this prospective cohort of healthy postmenopausal women, age-related Ct bone loss was attenuated at non-bearing bone sites in FDP consumers, not in milk or ripened cheese consumers, independently of total energy, calcium, or protein intakes. STUDY REGISTRATION ISRCTN11865958 ( http://www.isrctn.com ).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Biver
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 4 Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - C Durosier-Izart
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 4 Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Merminod
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 4 Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Chevalley
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 4 Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - B van Rietbergen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - S L Ferrari
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 4 Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R Rizzoli
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 4 Rue Gabrielle Perret-Gentil, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
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Pimentel G, Burton KJ, von Ah U, Bütikofer U, Pralong FP, Vionnet N, Portmann R, Vergères G. Metabolic Footprinting of Fermented Milk Consumption in Serum of Healthy Men. J Nutr 2018; 148:851-860. [PMID: 29788433 PMCID: PMC5991204 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fermentation is a widely used method of natural food preservation that has consequences on the nutritional value of the transformed food. Fermented dairy products are increasingly investigated in view of their ability to exert health benefits beyond their nutritional qualities. Objective To explore the mechanisms underpinning the health benefits of fermented dairy intake, the present study followed the effects of milk fermentation, from changes in the product metabolome to consequences on the human serum metabolome after its ingestion. Methods A randomized crossover study design was conducted in 14 healthy men [mean age: 24.6 y; mean body mass index (in kg/m2): 21.8]. At the beginning of each test phase, serum samples were taken 6 h postprandially after the ingestion of 800 g of a nonfermented milk or a probiotic yogurt. During the 2-wk test phases, subjects consumed 400 g of the assigned test product daily (200 g, 2 times/d). Serum samples were taken from fasting participants at the end of each test phase. The serum metabolome was assessed through the use of LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics. Results Postprandial serum metabolomes after milk or yogurt intake could be differentiated [orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) Q2 = 0.74]. Yogurt intake was characterized by higher concentrations of 7 free amino acids (including proline, P = 0.03), reduced concentrations of 5 bile acids (including glycocholic acid, P = 0.04), and modulation of 4 indole derivative compounds (including indole lactic acid, P = 0.01). Fasting serum samples after 2 wk of daily intake of milk or yogurt could also be differentiated based on their metabolic profiles (OPLS-DA Q2 = 0.56) and were discussed in light of the postprandial results. Conclusion Metabolic pathways related to amino acids, indole derivatives, and bile acids were modulated in healthy men by the intake of yogurt. Further investigation to explore novel health effects of fermented dairy products is warranted.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02230345.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Pimentel
- Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research (EAER), Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kathryn J Burton
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ueli von Ah
- Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research (EAER), Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ueli Bütikofer
- Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research (EAER), Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
| | - François P Pralong
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Vionnet
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Reto Portmann
- Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research (EAER), Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Guy Vergères
- Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research (EAER), Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
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Burton KJ, Pimentel G, Zangger N, Vionnet N, Drai J, McTernan PG, Pralong FP, Delorenzi M, Vergères G. Modulation of the peripheral blood transcriptome by the ingestion of probiotic yoghurt and acidified milk in healthy, young men. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192947. [PMID: 29489876 PMCID: PMC5831037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic health benefits of fermented milks have already been investigated using clinical biomarkers but the development of transcriptomic analytics in blood offers an alternative approach that may help to sensitively characterise such effects. We aimed to assess the effects of probiotic yoghurt intake, compared to non-fermented, acidified milk intake, on clinical biomarkers and gene expression in peripheral blood. To this end, a randomised, crossover study was conducted in fourteen healthy, young men to test the two dairy products. For a subset of seven subjects, RNA sequencing was used to measure gene expression in blood collected during postprandial tests and after two weeks daily intake. We found that the postprandial response in insulin was different for probiotic yoghurt as compared to that of acidified milk. Moreover changes in several clinical biomarkers were associated with changes in the expression of genes representing six metabolic genesets. Assessment of the postprandial effects of each dairy product on gene expression by geneset enrichment analysis revealed significant, similar modulation of inflammatory and glycolytic genes after both probiotic yoghurt and acidified milk intake, although distinct kinetic characteristics of the modulation differentiated the dairy products. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor was a major contributor to the down-regulation of the inflammatory genesets and was also positively associated with changes in circulating insulin at 2h after yoghurt intake (p = 0.05). Daily intake of the dairy products showed little effect on the fasting blood transcriptome. Probiotic yoghurt and acidified milk appear to affect similar gene pathways during the postprandial phase but differences in the timing and the extent of this modulation may lead to different physiological consequences. The functional relevance of these differences in gene expression is supported by their associations with circulating biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J. Burton
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Grégory Pimentel
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research EAER, Agroscope, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Zangger
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Vionnet
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jocelyne Drai
- Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Pierre-Bénite, France
- Equipe Inserm CarMeN U1060, Faculté de Médecine LYON SUD – BP 12, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Philip G. McTernan
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - François P. Pralong
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Delorenzi
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guy Vergères
- Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research EAER, Agroscope, Berne, Switzerland
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Reid G. Microbes in food to treat and prevent disease. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2018.1429217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Reid
- Departments of Microbiology & Immunology, and Surgery (Urology) Western University, and Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
AbstractThe absence of a dedicated transport for disaccharides in the intestine implicates that the metabolic use of dietary lactose relies on its prior hydrolysis at the intestinal brush border. Consequently, lactose in blood or urine has mostly been associated with specific cases in which the gastrointestinal barrier is damaged. On the other hand, lactose appears in the blood of lactating women and has been detected in the blood and urine of healthy men, indicating that the presence of lactose in the circulation of healthy subjects is not incompatible with normal physiology. In this cross-over study we have characterised the postprandial kinetics of lactose, and its major constituent, galactose, in the serum of fourteen healthy men who consumed a unique dose of 800 g milk or yogurt. Genetic testing for lactase persistence and microbiota profiling of the subjects were also performed. Data revealed that lactose does appear in serum after dairy intake, although with delayed kinetics compared with galactose. Median serum concentrations of approximately 0·02 mmol/l lactose and approximately 0·2 mmol/l galactose were observed after the ingestion of milk and yogurt respectively. The serum concentrations of lactose were inversely correlated with the concentrations of galactose, and the variability observed between the subjects’ responses could not be explained by the presence of the lactase persistence allele. Finally, lactose levels have been associated with the abundance of theVeillonellagenus in faecal microbiota. The measurement of systemic lactose following dietary intake could provide information about lactose metabolism and nutrient transport processes under normal or pathological conditions.
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Feng Z, Long W, Hao B, Ding D, Ma X, Zhao L, Pang X. A human stool-derived Bilophila wadsworthia strain caused systemic inflammation in specific-pathogen-free mice. Gut Pathog 2017; 9:59. [PMID: 29090023 PMCID: PMC5657053 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-017-0208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bilophila wadsworthia is a major member of sulfidogenic bacteria in human gut, it was originally recovered from different clinical specimens of intra-abdominal infections and recently was reported potentially linked to different chronic metabolic disorders. However, there is still insufficient understanding on its detailed function and mechanism to date. METHODS A B. wadsworthia strain was isolated from fresh feces of a latent autoimmune diabetes in adults patient and we investigated its pathogenicity by oral administration to specific-pathogen-free mice. Tissue samples and serum were collected after sacrifice. Stool samples were collected at different time points to profile the gut microbiota. RESULTS Bilophila wadsworthia infection resulted in the reduction of body weight and fat mass, apparent hepatosplenomegaly and elevated serum inflammatory factors, including serum amyloid A and interleukin-6, while without significant change of the overall gut microbiota structure. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that higher amount of B. wadsworthia caused systemic inflammatory response in SPF mice, which adds new evidence to the pathogenicity of this bacterium and implied its potential role to the chronic inflammation related metabolic diseases like diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Wenmin Long
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Binhan Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Ding Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Xiaoqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Liping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Xiaoyan Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240 China
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Pimentel G, Burton KJ, Pralong FP, Vionnet N, Portmann R, Vergères G. The postprandial metabolome — a source of Nutritional Biomarkers of Health. Curr Opin Food Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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