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Nam S, Lee N, Kim EY. Living with a Pandemic from Psycho-Social Perspectives: A Narrative Review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 51:2472-2483. [PMID: 36561263 PMCID: PMC9745413 DOI: 10.18502/10.18502/ijph.v51i11.11164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This narrative review aims to identify psycho-social issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic, especially among vulnerable populations. Through understanding the psychosocial meanings underneath, the suffering from the pandemic and the transformative experiences toward better society could be substantiated. Searching relevant studies and literature on psycho-social impacts in relation to COVID-19 was conducted from psycho-social points of view. Vulnerable populations such as the mentally ill, the poor, refugees, immigrants, the elderly, and other stigmatized groups were focused on. Reflections and plans on the worsened health disparities and increased stresses among vulnerable groups will help our society to be healthier and safer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohyun Nam
- Department of Nursing, Hallym Polytechnic University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nami Lee
- Human Rights Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Department of Public Health Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Corresponding Author:
| | - Eun-Yong Kim
- Department of Human Systems Medicine, Seoul National University Medical School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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52
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Hamka, Suen MW, Ramadhan YA, Yusuf M, Wang JH. Spiritual Well-Being, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Indonesian Muslim Communities During COVID-19. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:3013-3025. [PMID: 36277311 PMCID: PMC9586701 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s381926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study investigated how spirituality as a defensive factor of psychological well-being reduces anxiety among Indonesian Muslims during the pandemic COVID-19. Patients and Methods Data were collected from 538 Indonesian Muslims through a survey using the spiritual well-being and depression, anxiety and stress (DAS-21) and examined using structural equation model (SEM) analysis. Results The empirical results indicate that spirituality is a factor that increases happiness, psychological well-being and mental health among Indonesian Muslims. Conclusion The study also concluded that spirituality positively and significantly reduces anxiety, depression, and stress. This finding confirms that the spiritual beliefs of Indonesian Muslims can play a significant role in improving mental health during pandemic. This study can control mental illness based on spirituality theory and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamka
- Department of Healthcare Administration Specialty in Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China,Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China,Department of Psychology, Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur, Samarinda, Indonesia
| | - Mein-Woei Suen
- Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China,Gender Equality Education and Research Center, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China,Department of Medical Research, Asia University Hospital, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China,Correspondence: Mein-Woei Suen, Department of Psychology, Asia University, No. 500, Liufeng Road, Wufeng District, Taichung, 413, Taiwan, Republic of China, Tel +886-937704646, Email
| | - Yoga Achmad Ramadhan
- Department Of Psychology, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945, Samarinda, Samarinda, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Yusuf
- Department of Islamic Education, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Jui-Hsing Wang
- Department of Infection, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Karadağ S, Ergin Ç, Erden S. Anxiety, Depression and Death Anxiety in Individuals with COVID-19. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2022:302228221124981. [PMID: 36062822 PMCID: PMC9444824 DOI: 10.1177/00302228221124981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the death anxiety, anxiety, and depression levels of the individuals staying at the hospital due to COVID-19. The study recruited 300 patients with confirmed COVID-19 who were staying at specialized clinics in the hospital. Three tools - A Patient Information Form, the Death Anxiety Scale (DAS), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)-were used to collect data. The findings of the present study revealed that 28.7% of the participants were at a high risk for developing anxiety and 45.0% were equally at a high risk for developing depression. 33.3% of the participants suffered from high level of death anxiety. There was a positive and highly significant correlation between their death anxiety and their anxiety and depression scores (p < .001). Accordingly, more evidence-based studies need to be conducted that examine how effective non-pharmacological practices are at helping COVID-19 patients by identifying their anxiety, depression, and death anxiety. Furthermore, nurses need to take care of patient care in a holistic manner that would include addressing patients' psychological needs alongside their physical problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songül Karadağ
- Department of Internal Diseases Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Ergin
- Niğde Ömer Halis Demir Training and Research Hospital, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Sevilay Erden
- Department of Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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54
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Xiao Z, Zhao Y, Zheng Y, Bao Y, Zhang C. The Effect of Group Identification on Death Anxiety: The Chain Mediation Role of Close Relationships and Self-Esteem. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10179. [PMID: 36011813 PMCID: PMC9408060 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Based on the terror management theory (TMT), this study integrated self-esteem and close relationships to explore the effects of group identification on death anxiety. Five hundred and four participants completed the Death Anxiety, Rosenberg Self-Esteem, Social Identity, and Inclusion of Other in the Self scales via online platforms. There were significant correlations among group identification, close relationship, self-esteem, and death anxiety. Group identification had a significant negative predictive effect on death anxiety. Specifically, group identification affects death anxiety through two pathways: the separate mediating role of self-esteem and the serial mediation pathway of close relationships → self-esteem. Our study provides direct evidence that group identification relieves death anxiety. The results showed that the alleviating function of group identification was mediated by self-esteem and close relationships. This study provides a new perspective concerning TMT as a defense mechanism against death anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilun Xiao
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yufang Zhao
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yingcan Zheng
- Developmental Psychology for Armyman, Department of Medical Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yan Bao
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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55
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THE RELATIONS BETWEEN FEAR OF COVID-19, ANXIETY OF DEATH, AND MEANING OF LIFE AMONG NURSING STUDENTS. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH AND POLICY 2022. [DOI: 10.33457/ijhsrp.1112061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aim of the study was to determine the effects of socio-demographic factors on fear of COVID-19, death anxiety, and meaning of life among nursing students, and to explain the relations between fear of COVID-19, death anxiety, and meaning of life. The study was conducted with 262 students on 7-27 October 2020 in a descriptive-correlational and cross-sectional design. According to the correlation analysis, a moderate and positive relationship was detected between Fear of COVID-19 Scale (CFS) and Turkish Death Anxiety Scale (TDAS) total score and subscale scores. The mean age of the students who participated in the study was found to be 20.63±2.31, 64.1% were female. It was found that 29% of the students had sleep problems in this period, and 7.6% were diagnosed with COVID-19, and 85.9% of themhad their close friends and relatives diagnosed with COVID-19. The majority of the students (n=16) who were diagnosed with COVID-19 passed this process under quarantine at home without treatment, 59.2% of them stated that someone in their close circle had a positive COVID-19 test, and 31.7% lost a relative due to COVID-19. The model that was created in the multiple linear regression analysis which was made to determine the effects of TDAS and Meaning of Life Questionnaire (MLQ) on CFS was found to be statistically significant (F:54.91, p
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56
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Zhou J, Chen Y, Xu Y, Liao B, Fu W. Facing a Real Threat of Death: Dynamic Changes in Death-Thought Accessibility. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:1731-1740. [PMID: 35860205 PMCID: PMC9292051 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s361432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study explored the relationship between emotion and death-thought accessibility (DTA) in individuals experiencing true mortality salience (MS), specifically, patients with cancer. Patients and Methods The study included 255 participants; among them, 132 patients had cancer and represented the MS group, and 123 had dental pain and served as a control group. Participants completed the Projective Diseases Attitude Assessment Questionnaire to induce priming, completed an affect scale, completed one of four calculation tasks as manipulation of cognitive load (all four were done over several sessions), and performed a Pinyin-Chinese characters exercise to measure DTA. Results MS was associated with strong negative emotional arousal. When these negative emotions are generated, they enter an individual’s consciousness and activate proximal defense mechanisms. At this point, DTA can be measured. Patients with cancer had significantly higher levels of DTA in the high-frequency cognitive load condition than in the other three conditions (no task, simple delay task, and single cognitive load task). Patients with dental pain had significantly higher levels of DTA in the no task and simple delay conditions than in the single cognitive load or high-frequency cognitive load conditions. This study also found that negative experiences without MS (specifically, dental pain) are associated with higher levels of DTA. Conclusion These findings suggest that in addition to death-related events, both negative and stress-inducing events can produce DTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhou
- School of Humanities and Management Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, SiChuan, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Chen
- School of Humanities and Management Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, SiChuan, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Liao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, SiChuan, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenguang Fu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, People's Republic of China
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Çekiç Y, Yazgan EÖ, Duyan V. Nurses' Experiences, Fear of COVID-19, and Death Anxiety During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study From Turkey. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2022; 60:39-48. [DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20220621-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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58
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Portuguese Volunteer Firefighters in the Context of the Challenges Posed by the COVID-19 Pandemic. SOCIAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci11070285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is producing not only epidemiological consequences on a global scale, but also political, economic, and social repercussions. The health care professionals that have been on the front lines fighting the pandemic need the support and assistance of other organizations to meet the many daily challenges. Volunteer firefighters stand out for their outreach approach and implementation of the Human2Human paradigm that has enabled them to meet the needs of the most vulnerable population that have been hit the hardest by the pandemic. This study adopts an ethnographic-action method considering Portuguese volunteer firefighters to explore the characteristics and relevance of these initiatives in areas such as combating isolation, medical assistance, containing the spread of COVID-19, and promoting public–private partnerships. The findings reveal that factors associated with altruism are central elements in the emergence of these initiatives, although some locally or nationally coordinated initiatives have been replicated in other contexts. It is also noteworthy that volunteer firefighters also present initiatives that can be fit into more than one category.
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Peteet B, Watts V, Tucker E, Brown P, Hanna M, Saddlemire A, Rizk M, Belliard JC, Abdul-Mutakabbir JC, Casey S, Simmons K. Faith, Fear, and Facts: A COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy Intervention for Black Church Congregations. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071039. [PMID: 35891203 PMCID: PMC9320174 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Blacks are dying from the novel coronavirus of 2019 (COVID-19) at disproportionate rates and tend to have more COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy than Whites. These disparities may be attributable to health knowledge and government/medical mistrust stemming from negative experiences with the medical system historically and presently (e.g., the Tuskegee Experiment, provider maltreatment). Method: The present study assessed COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and the effectiveness of a 1.5 h, dialogue-based, web intervention hosted by an academic–community partnership team. The webinar included approximately 220 male and female, English speaking, Black churchgoers in the western U.S. The webinar focused on the psychology of fear and facts about the vaccine development. Results: The sample was mostly females who had higher vaccine hesitancy than men. A third of participants feared hospitalization if they contracted COVID-19. Many participants reported that learning facts about COVID-19 was most impactful. Statistical analyses indicated an increased willingness to get vaccinated after the webinar in comparison to before (t(25) = −3.08, p = 0.005). Conclusion: The findings suggest that virtual webinars may be effective at reducing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Black churchgoers and may be applicable in addressing other health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridgette Peteet
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, 11130 Anderson St., Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (V.W.); (E.T.); (P.B.); (M.H.); (A.S.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Valerie Watts
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, 11130 Anderson St., Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (V.W.); (E.T.); (P.B.); (M.H.); (A.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Eunique Tucker
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, 11130 Anderson St., Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (V.W.); (E.T.); (P.B.); (M.H.); (A.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Paige Brown
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, 11130 Anderson St., Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (V.W.); (E.T.); (P.B.); (M.H.); (A.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Mariam Hanna
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, 11130 Anderson St., Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (V.W.); (E.T.); (P.B.); (M.H.); (A.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Amanda Saddlemire
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, 11130 Anderson St., Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (V.W.); (E.T.); (P.B.); (M.H.); (A.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Miriam Rizk
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, 11130 Anderson St., Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (V.W.); (E.T.); (P.B.); (M.H.); (A.S.); (M.R.)
| | - Juan Carlos Belliard
- Institute for Community Partnerships, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA;
| | - Jacinda C. Abdul-Mutakabbir
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA;
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Samuel Casey
- Congregations Organized for Prophetic Engagement, San Bernadino, CA 92411, USA; (S.C.); (K.S.)
- Inland Empire of Concerned African American Churches, San Bernardino, CA 92411, USA
| | - Kelvin Simmons
- Congregations Organized for Prophetic Engagement, San Bernadino, CA 92411, USA; (S.C.); (K.S.)
- Inland Empire of Concerned African American Churches, San Bernardino, CA 92411, USA
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60
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Hu W, Luo Y. Emotional Stress Relief Mechanism of English Translation Practitioners Based on Role Cognition. Occup Ther Int 2022; 2022:1447090. [PMID: 35821714 PMCID: PMC9225870 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1447090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The emotional stress of English translation practitioners is an important research content of psychological organization counseling behavior. Based on the theory of role cognition, this paper adopts the perspective of emotional stress experience, integrates the construction theory and the self-determination theory, and builds an emotional stress relief mechanism for English translation practitioners. On the basis of sorting out psychological capital, emotional commitment, and behavioral variables of organizational practitioners, the article summarizes the concept, dimension, measurement, and causes and effects of variables and solves the problem of quantitative analysis of emotional stress. In the simulation process, the role cognitive variables and local cognitive variables are extracted separately using the dual-branch mitigation mechanism structure to enhance the diversity of the extracted cognitive variables; in the local branch, a loss function of emotional stress overlapping partial penalty mechanism is constructed. This mechanism is used to select a suitable destination sink node for the sensor nodes around the sink node with heavy load to transmit data and effectively relieve the data collection pressure of the original sink node. The experimental results show that by using role cognitive variables and local cognitive variables in the training of classification loss and triple loss, respectively, the mitigation mechanism can mine subtle and significant cognitive variables from the local area and finally integrate role cognitive cognition. The accuracy rate of obtaining 297 questionnaires reached 91.4%, which effectively promoted the mechanism research of emotional stress on the behavior of English translation practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- School of Foreign Language, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, 425199 Hunan Province, China
| | - Yipeng Luo
- School of Economics and Management, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, 425199 Hunan Province, China
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61
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Mohammadi F, Masoumi Z, Oshvandi K, Khazaei S, Bijani M. Death anxiety, moral courage, and resilience in nursing students who care for COVID-19 patients: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nurs 2022; 21:150. [PMID: 35698221 PMCID: PMC9189788 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-022-00931-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Being on the frontline of the battle against COVID-19, nurses and nursing students have been under considerable psychological stress and pressure. The present study is done to explore death anxiety, moral courage, and resilience in nursing students caring for COVID-19 patients in the south of Iran. Methods The present study is cross-sectional research conducted between September and December 2021. A total of 420 senior nursing students (nursing interns) who were undergoing their clinical training courses were invited to participate in the study by convenience sampling method from three hospitals affiliated with the University of Medical Sciences of Southern Iran. Data were collected using a demographics survey, Nurses’ Moral Courage Questionnaire, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Templer’s Death Anxiety Scale. Results The nursing students participating in this study had a death anxiety mean score of 12.78 ± 1.17. The results showed that there was a significant and indirect correlation between death anxiety on the one hand and moral courage (r = -0.91, p < 0.001) and resilience (r = -0.89, p < 0.001) on the other in nursing students caring for patients with COVID-19. Also, it was found that there was a significant and direct correlation between the students’ resilience and moral courage scores (r = 0.91, p < 0.001). Conclusion The nursing students caring for COVID-19 patients had experienced high levels of death anxiety in the past few months. Considering the persistence of the COVID-19 crisis in Iran and other countries, there is an urgent need for measures to preserve and improve the physical, mental, and spiritual health of nursing students, enhance their moral courage and resilience and reduce their death anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Mohammadi
- Chronic Diseases (Home Care) Research Center and Autism Spectrum Disorders Research Center, Department of Nursing, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zahra Masoumi
- Department of Nursing, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Khodayar Oshvandi
- Mother and Child Care Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Salman Khazaei
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health , Health Sciences Research Center, Health Sciences & Technology Research Institue, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Bijani
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
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Nguyen HB, Nguyen THM, Vo THN, Vo TCN, Nguyen DNQ, Nguyen HT, Tang TN, Nguyen TH, Do VT, Truong QB. Post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression and related factors among COVID-19 patients during the fourth wave of the pandemic in Vietnam. Int Health 2022:6607701. [PMID: 35696091 PMCID: PMC9214186 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigated post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression and their related factors among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients during the fourth wave of the pandemic in Vietnam. Methods Vietnamese-fluent confirmed COVID-19 patients for at least 3 d were recruited in this online cross-sectional study to answer a three-part questionnaire including participants’ sociodemographic characteristics, PTSD (Impact of Event Scale-Revised) and anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Associated factors were determined using multivariable binary logistic regression models. Results Of 1544 responses, the majority were female (53.0%), ages 18–39 y (74.8%) and were isolated and treated at field hospitals (72.2%). Family or friends were the greatest sources of mental support (68.2%), followed by healthcare providers (51.1%). The overall prevalence rates of PTSD, anxiety and depression among COVID-19 patients were 22.9%, 11.2% and 17.4%, respectively. Risk factors included older age, higher education, getting infected from the public, knowing someone who died from COVID-19 and high perception of life threat. Meanwhile, mental assistance from family or friends, a greater number of supporters, living with someone not vulnerable and higher salaries were significantly protective factors. Conclusions The psychological responses associated with some sociodemographic details. Family or friends should be the first line of mental interventions for COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Bac Nguyen
- University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City, 215, Hong Bang Street, Ward 11, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.,University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 215, Hong Bang Street, Ward 11, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Hong Minh Nguyen
- University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City, 215, Hong Bang Street, Ward 11, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Hong Nhan Vo
- University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City, 215, Hong Bang Street, Ward 11, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Cam Nhung Vo
- University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City, 215, Hong Bang Street, Ward 11, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Duc Nguyet Quynh Nguyen
- University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City, 215, Hong Bang Street, Ward 11, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Huu-Thinh Nguyen
- University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City, 215, Hong Bang Street, Ward 11, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.,University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 215, Hong Bang Street, Ward 11, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Tuan-Ngan Tang
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.,Vietnam National University, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thi-Hiep Nguyen
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.,Vietnam National University, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Van Trang Do
- Binh Duong Medical College, Le Hong Phong Street, Phu Hoa Ward, Thu Dau Mot City, Binh Duong Province, 820000, Vietnam
| | - Quang Binh Truong
- University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City, 215, Hong Bang Street, Ward 11, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.,University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 215, Hong Bang Street, Ward 11, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
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63
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Berlin P, von Blanckenburg P. Death anxiety as general factor to fear of cancer recurrence. Psychooncology 2022; 31:1527-1535. [PMID: 35665981 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fear of cancer recurrence or progress is strongly related to death anxiety in cancer patients, but due to lack of conceptualization and measurement methods, the relationship was not analyzed quantitatively before. The aim of the present study was to investigate the conceptual relationship of both constructs, with death anxiety expected to be the general construct. METHODS Cancer patients (N=121) participated in an online study. They provided information on socio-demographical, medical and psychological measures including death anxiety (DADDS-G) and fear of cancer recurrence or progression (FoP-Q-SF). Relation of constructs was assessed using a two-step process: Confirming individual construct structure with CFA, including correlation of constructs and modification of measurement model, followed by structural equation modeling and comparison of structure models for best model fit. RESULTS The measurement model was modified to include three residual correlations within and between constructs. Comparison of structure models supported a bifactor structure with death anxiety as general factor and fear of recurrence or progression as group factor: SBχ2 (173)=207.74 (p<.05), SB=1.538, relative χ2 =1.2, rRMSEA=0.05[.01,0.07] (p>.05), SRMR=0.07, CFI=0.94, AIC=7543.60. CONCLUSIONS Death anxiety can be interpreted as general factor to fear of cancer recurrence or progression. Psychological interventions to reduce emotional burden of cancer patients need to focus additionally on existential threat and individual fears regarding death anxiety. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Berlin
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Philipps-University of Marburg, Gutenbergstr. 18 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Pia von Blanckenburg
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Kehr HM, Bakaç C, Jais M, Brunner D, Voigt J, Holzemer L. The Role of Death-Anxiety-Induced Fear of COVID-19 in Compliance With and Acceptance of Government-Issued COVID-19 Regulations. Front Psychol 2022; 13:881603. [PMID: 35586230 PMCID: PMC9108415 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.881603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The present research was conducted to empirically examine whether death anxiety is the fundamental fear that feeds people's fear of COVID-19 and leads to increased behavioral compliance with and acceptance of COVID-19 regulations. Results from an online survey of 313 participants from New York City show that death anxiety was, indeed, positively associated with behavioral compliance with, but not acceptance of, COVID-19 regulations via an increased fear of COVID-19. Hence, media campaigns that are designed to increase people's compliance with restrictive COVID-19 measures by stirring up their death anxiety are likely to meet their target, but they do not necessarily lead to increased public acceptance of the measures taken.
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65
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Leung HT, Chew PKH, Caltabiano NJ. Mortality Salience Effects of Critical Incidents - A Systematic Literature Review and Research Agenda. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2022:302228221098890. [PMID: 35491896 DOI: 10.1177/00302228221098890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Critical incidents (CI) trigger acute stress reactions and psychological trauma because of direct or vicarious exposure. These events include natural disasters, wars, terrorist attacks and pandemics, and usually result in deaths and serious physical injuries. Their life-threatening nature makes them reasonable candidates to induce mortality salience (MS). The current review aims to consolidate Terror Management Theory (TMT) research using CIs as MS. A systematic literature review was conducted. Overall, 74 articles with 113 studies were included. Through this review, strong support for MS effects of CI has been found. Consistent with TMT, CIs tend to trigger worldview defence, self-esteem enhancement and relationship seeking. CIs have also been found to impact negatively on individual well-being and organisational health. Recommendations specific to crisis interventions and well-being will be discussed. The review concludes with potential future research directions to strengthen and expand empirical knowledge in CI salience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi-Ting Leung
- School of Social and Health Sciences, 208640James Cook University, Singapore
| | - Peter K H Chew
- School of Social and Health Sciences, 208640James Cook University, Singapore
| | - Nerina J Caltabiano
- College of Healthcare Sciences, 208640James Cook University, Cairns Campus, Singapore
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66
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Abdekhodaie Z. The lived experience of bereaved Iranian families with COVID-19 grief. DEATH STUDIES 2022; 47:381-391. [PMID: 35475416 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2022.2068698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the lived experience of bereaved family members from grief due to COVID-19 using descriptive phenomenological method via in-depth interviews. The participants (N = 30) were spouses, children, parents, and siblings of the deceased. The obtained data from interviewing were analyzed using Colaizzi's method. Eight main themes were obtained. Findings suggest that society is confronted with the prolonged grief on a large scale and has put people in an existential experience situation. Different experiences, which have led to creation of new meaning in loss and life, has been able to help some post-traumatic growth in the bereaved.
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67
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Gundogan S, Arpaci I. Depression as a mediator between fear of COVID-19 and death anxiety. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022:1-8. [PMID: 35496364 PMCID: PMC9041276 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03120-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the world deeply and an increase in psychological distress have been observed in globally. Therefore, investigation of the psychological problems associated with the COVID-19 has become an important research area. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine the relationships among Fear of COVID-19 (FoC), depression, and death anxiety. Further, the study investigated the mediating role of depression in the relationship between FoC and death anxiety. The "Fear of COVID-19 scale", "Depression Scale" and "Death Anxiety Scale" were used to collect data from 372 emerging adults aged between 18 and 25 years. The results indicated that FoC was a positive and significant predictor of both depression and death anxiety. The results further indicated that depression was a positive and significant predictor of death anxiety. Depression partially mediated the relationship between FoC and death anxiety. The findings suggested that the FoC may trigger depression and death anxiety, and therefore, preventive measures should be more emphasized. The findings have implications for mental health professionals and practitioners in counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selim Gundogan
- Department of Educational Sciences, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Arpaci
- Department of Software Engineering, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Balıkesir, Turkey
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68
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Tülüce D, Kaplan Serin E. The Death Anxiety Experienced by Cardiac Patients in the Covid-19 Pandemic and Its Affecting Factors. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2022:302228221093461. [PMID: 35452277 DOI: 10.1177/00302228221093461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The study was conducted to determine the death anxiety experienced by heart patients and the affecting factors in the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was conducted with 148 patients hospitalized in the cardiology clinic of a university hospital between April and August 2021 in the southeast in Turkey. The data were collected with the personal information form, death anxiety scale, coronavirus anxiety scale and Covid-19 fear scale developed by the researchers. Data analysis was performed by using IBM SPSS Statistics 25. Descriptive statistics were used in the analysis of the data. Correlation and regression analysis were performed to determine the relationship between scales. The mean age of the patients was 64.99+15.56 years and 56.1% were male. 57.4% of them were hospitalized with a diagnosis of coronary artery disease. During the pandemic, it was determined that 74.3% of the patients followed social distance, 71.6% wore masks, 58.8% used disinfectants. The patients had moderate death anxiety, low coronavirus anxiety, and high covid 19 fear. A positive linear correlation was found between anxiety and fear scale and death anxiety total and sub-dimensions. As a result, the fear of COVID-19 may increase the fear of death in individuals with heart disease. Patients who are worried about being infected with Covid 19 during the pandemic process have more fear of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Tülüce
- Faculty of Health Sciences Nursing Department, 187481Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Osmaniye, Turkey
| | - Emine Kaplan Serin
- Faculty of Health Sciences Nursing Department, 37512Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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69
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Sajid KS, Hussain S, Hussain RI, Mustafa B. The Effect of Fear of COVID-19 on Green Purchase Behavior in Pakistan: A Multi-Group Analysis Between Infected and Non-infected. Front Psychol 2022; 13:826870. [PMID: 35422735 PMCID: PMC9002235 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.826870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its effects on an individual's life have altered the consumer behavior. In the context of purchase and consumption, a shift from conventional to green purchase has been noticed. Although the factors underlying this shift were relatively unexplored, the study aimed to identify the factors that influenced a significant role in the green purchases during the outbreak and the relationship of these factors with green purchase behavior (GPB). Subsequently, this study investigates and interprets the role of fear of COVID-19 (FCV), psychological distress (PD), and mortality salience (MS) in predicting consumer's GPB. This research adopted a quantitative methodology using data collected from 432 respondents in various cities across Pakistan. Smart-PLS 3 was used to evaluate the measurement model, structural model, and multi-group analysis (MGA). Despite having the negative psychological and physical impact of the pandemic, a significant proportion of customers have switched to healthier and sustainable products. This research revealed that the FCV, PD, and MS plays a substantial role in adopting GPB. All the direct relationships were positive and significant. In addition, MS and PD partially mediate the effect of FCV on GPB. Furthermore, the MGA revealed that the infected respondents were interested in purchasing green products than uninfected respondents due to their FCV; conversely, the PD and MS were higher in uninfected individuals than infected ones. However, there is a vast literature on GPB, but little has investigated the cumulative impact of FCV, PD, and MS on GPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubra S. Sajid
- Department of Management Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Shahbaz Hussain
- Department of Management Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
- The Evidence-Based Research Center for Educational Assessment, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Rai I. Hussain
- Department of Management Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Bakhtawar Mustafa
- School of Business, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
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70
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Ghapanvari F, Namdar P, Moradi M, Yekefallah L. Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 on Hospitalized Patients: A Qualitative Study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY RESEARCH 2022; 27:92-98. [PMID: 35419267 PMCID: PMC8997181 DOI: 10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_382_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the 2019 coronavirus spreads rapidly around the world, it has caused widespread fear and anxiety in various populations. This study aimed to explore the psychological effects of COVID-19 on patients with this disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS A qualitative study was conducted with a phenomenological approach. A purposive sample of 11 patients with COVID-19 was recruited. Data were collected from the beginning of March to the beginning of June 2020 using semi-structured interviews and they were analyzed according to Van Manen's method. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Initially, 315 codes were extracted. During data analysis and comparisons, the codes were reduced to 108. Ultimately, 10 categories, 38 subcategories, and 3 themes emerged. The theme of "behavioral responses" including 5 categories (Remorse, Fear and despair, Death anxiety, Growth, Support), "disease-caused helplessness" including two categories (Failure, Denial), and "decline of social networks" including three categories (Rejection, Stigma, Feeling guilty). CONCLUSIONS After understanding the findings of this research, nurses working in the wards of patients with COVID-19 can better consider the importance of assessing and analyzing the psychological challenges and experiences of these patients during the course of illness and quarantine. Findings also enhance the identification and organization of training needs during such a pandemic and the design of nursing programs to meet them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ghapanvari
- Intensive Care Nursing, Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Peyman Namdar
- Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Moradi
- Intensive Care Nursing, Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Leili Yekefallah
- Associate Professor of Nursing, Department of Nursing, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Leili Yekefallah, Associate Professor of Nursing, Department of Nursing, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. E-mail:
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71
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Verin RE, Menzies RE, Menzies RG. OCD, death anxiety, and attachment: what's love got to do with it? Behav Cogn Psychother 2022; 50:131-141. [PMID: 34852864 DOI: 10.1017/s135246582100045x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Death anxiety has been empirically implicated in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Research has shown that secure attachments appear to protect against fear of death, and are also associated with reduced risk of mental illness. However, few studies have investigated the moderating effect of attachment style in the relationship between death anxiety and OCD. AIMS The present study sought to explore whether attachment style moderates the relationship between death anxiety and OCD symptoms among a treatment-seeking sample of individuals diagnosed with OCD. METHOD Following a structured diagnostic interview, a number of measures were administered to 48 participants. These included the Multidimensional Fear of Death Scale, Vancouver Obsessive Compulsive Inventory, and Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised. RESULTS As expected, death anxiety was a strong predictor of OCD severity, and other markers of psychopathology. However, contrary to hypotheses, neither anxious nor avoidant attachment style moderated the association between fear of death and OCD severity. CONCLUSIONS The current findings add further support to the role of death anxiety in OCD. Given the absence of a moderating effect of attachment between death fears and OCD severity, it is possible that this proposed buffer against death anxiety may potentially be insufficient in the presence of this disorder. Further research is needed to clarify whether attachment style may moderate the relationship between death anxiety and symptom severity in other disorders.
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Yassin A, Al-Mistarehi AH, El-Salem K, Karasneh RA, Al-Azzam S, Qarqash AA, Khasawneh AG, Zein Alaabdin AM, Soudah O. Prevalence Estimates and Risk Factors of Anxiety among Healthcare Workers in Jordan over One Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052615. [PMID: 35270333 PMCID: PMC8909996 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the changes in prevalence estimates, severity, and risk factors of anxiety among healthcare workers (HCWs) over the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey was distributed among HCWs using snowball sampling, collecting their socio-demographics, occupation, and anxiety symptoms as measured by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale. It was distributed one month after the pandemic’s onset in Jordan between 15 and 30 April 2020 (onset group) and after one year between 15 and 30 March 2021 (one-year group). A total of 422 HCWs were included (211 in each group). The one-year group reported a higher risk of GAD (30.8% vs. 16.6%; p = 0.001), a higher mean (SD) GAD-7 score (7.94 (5.29) vs. 6.15 (4.15); p < 0.001), and more severe symptoms (p = 0.003). Univariate analyses showed that participants who were younger, women, unmarried, had lower monthly incomes, underwent testing for COVID-19, had higher contact with COVID-19 patients, did not receive special education, and were unsatisfied with the institutional COVID-19 preparedness scored higher on the GAD-7 scale and had more severe symptoms than their counterparts in both groups. Unlike the onset group, occupation as a physician, COVID-19 infection history, and perception of remarkable changes in work were associated with higher anxiety scores and severity among the one-year group. The COVID-19 vaccine was a relative protective action. Logistic regression analyses showed that the female gender was a risk factor for developing GAD at the pandemic onset, while poor satisfaction with institutional preparedness was a significant GAD risk factor in the one-year group. Low monthly income and lack of special education were the shared risk factors for GAD in both groups. This study reveals a significant rise in anxiety among HCWs over a year of the COVID-19 pandemic and shows the vulnerable sub-groups who likely need psychological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Yassin
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +962-7-9731-7236
| | - Abdel-Hameed Al-Mistarehi
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (A.-H.A.-M.); (A.M.Z.A.)
| | - Khalid El-Salem
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Reema A. Karasneh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan; (R.A.K.); (O.S.)
| | - Sayer Al-Azzam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Aref A. Qarqash
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Aws G. Khasawneh
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Anas M. Zein Alaabdin
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (A.-H.A.-M.); (A.M.Z.A.)
| | - Ola Soudah
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan; (R.A.K.); (O.S.)
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73
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Oker K, Reinhardt M, Schmelowszky Á. Effects of COVID-19 on Mental Health and Its Relationship With Death Attitudes and Coping Styles Among Hungarian, Norwegian, and Turkish Psychology Students. Front Psychol 2022; 13:812720. [PMID: 35197905 PMCID: PMC8858930 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.812720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate mental effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its relationship with death attitudes and coping styles among Hungarian, Norwegian, and Turkish psychology students. A total of 388 participants from Hungary (N = 122, 31.4%), Norway (N = 96, 24.7%), and Turkey (N = 170, 43.8%) were recruited during the pandemic. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, the Carver Brief COPE Inventory, and the Death Attitude Profile-Revised were used. The results indicated that escape acceptance might be the most maladaptive death attitude during COVID-19, as it was related to poorer mental health among the Hungarian, Norwegian, and Turkish psychology students. Self-blame, behavioral disengagement, self-distraction, and substance use coping styles were also related to poorer mental health, whereas positive-reframing (only among the Hungarian and Turkish participants) and humor (only among the Norwegian participants) were related to better mental health among our sample in the context of COVID-19. The findings implied that death attitudes and coping styles may differ in their efficacy among the Hungarian, Norwegian, and Turkish participants. These differences were discussed in detail in the discussion part. During the pandemic, practitioners might pay closer attention to patients with higher escape acceptance death attitude and patients who use dysfunctional coping styles. Additionally, patients can be encouraged to use techniques involving positive reframing and humor coping styles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Oker
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Kemal Oker,
| | - Melinda Reinhardt
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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74
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Bodner E, Bergman YS, Ben‐David B, Palgi Y. Vaccination anxiety when vaccinations are available: The role of existential concerns. Stress Health 2022; 38:111-118. [PMID: 34245220 PMCID: PMC8420225 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study examined how existential fears are related to COVID-19 vaccination anxiety and followed the Terror Management Theory (TMT) by examining the contribution of two existential concerns, subjective nearness-to-death (SNtD) and death anxiety, to COVID-19 vaccination anxiety during the first month of COVID-19 vaccinations. Data were collected during January 2021, when Israel was in lockdown, from a convenience sample of 381 Jewish Israelis (M = 55.39, SD = 17.17). Participants completed questionnaires examining demographics, SNtD, death anxiety and COVID-19 vaccination anxiety. A hierarchical regression analysis examined the connections between these variables and COVID-19 vaccination anxiety while controlling for demographics and for receiving COVID-19 vaccinations. In line with the hypotheses, SNtD and death anxiety were each positively associated with COVID-19 vaccination anxiety, and death anxiety levels moderated the positive connection between SNtD and COVID-19 vaccination anxiety, as this association was not significant for individuals with low death anxiety. The findings of this study provide preliminary evidence concerning the role of death anxiety in moderating the effect that SNtD has on COVID-19 vaccination anxiety. These findings are in line with the TMT and justify further investigation and may be utilized in future research in order to address COVID-19 vaccination anxiety more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehud Bodner
- Interdisciplinary Department for Social SciencesBar‐Ilan UniversityRamat GanIsrael
- Department of MusicBar‐Ilan UniversityRamat GanIsrael
| | - Yoav S. Bergman
- Faculty of Social WorkAshkelon Academic CollegeAshkelonIsrael
| | - Boaz Ben‐David
- Baruch Ivcher School of PsychologyInterdisciplinary Center (IDC) HerzliyaHerzliyaIsrael
- Toronto Rehabilitation InstituteUniversity Health Networks (UHN)TorontoONCanada
- Department of Speech‐Language PathologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Yuval Palgi
- Department of GerontologyUniversity of HaifaHaifaIsrael
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75
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Dursun P, Alyagut P, Yılmaz I. Meaning in life, psychological hardiness and death anxiety: individuals with or without generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 41:3299-3317. [PMID: 35035188 PMCID: PMC8742667 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02695-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a widespread psychiatric disorder. According to the transdiagnostic approach, death anxiety can underpin predominantly somatic manifestations of GAD. Personal resilience factors such as a sense of a meaningful life, and psychological hardiness, which can protect people from developing clinical symptoms, may be lower in individuals with GAD. So far, there has been no study examining the role of meaning in life dimensions, death anxiety, and hardiness in individuals with GAD in Turkey. Thus, we aimed to investigate to what extent the GAD sample differs from the non-anxious control group in terms of death anxiety, meaning in life dimensions, and hardiness. Secondly, we examined how conceptually predicted death anxiety by meaning in life dimensions and hardiness regardless of diagnosis, age, and gender. Just before the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic, we could only recruit 38 individuals with GAD and 31 non-anxious control subjects. The Death Anxiety Scale, The Meaning in Life Questionnaire and the Psychological Hardiness Scale were administered to all the participants. The one-way MANOVA results with Bonferroni adjustment revealed that individuals with GAD significantly differed from the control group in every way. Hierarchical regression analysis displayed that the presence of meaning made the most significant contribution in predicting death anxiety. In conclusion, existential issues such as death anxiety, hardiness, and meaningful life can be emphasized for the treatment of GAD, and the presence of meaning is the most crucial antidote to avoid death anxiety in all individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Dursun
- Department of Psychology, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Pinar Alyagut
- Department of Philosophy, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Itır Yılmaz
- Antalya Manavgat State Hospital Department of Psychiatry, Antalya, Turkey
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76
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Death anxiety among advanced cancer patients: a cross-sectional survey. Support Care Cancer 2022; 30:3531-3539. [PMID: 35018522 PMCID: PMC8752389 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-06795-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate death anxiety in advanced cancer patients and identify associated factors in the context of Chinese culture. METHODS Participants (N = 270) with advanced cancer in a tertiary cancer hospital completed anonymous questionnaire surveys. Measures included the Chinese version of a Likert-type Templer-Death Anxiety Scale, Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale, Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire, the Social Support Rating Scale, and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Data were analyzed in SPSS using descriptive statistics, Student's t test, Pearson correlation test, and linear regression. RESULTS Respondents returned 252 (93.33%) of the 270 questionnaires. The total CL-TDAS score was 39.56 ± 10.20. The top three items were "I fear dying a painful death" (3.59 ± 1.41), "I often think about how shortly life really is" (3.11 ± 1.33), and "1 am not particularly afraid of getting cancer" (3.09 ± 1.35). Associated factors of death anxiety (R2 = .333, F = 15.756, p < .001) were the medical coping mode (resignation, confronce), self-esteem, the participants' adult children, the patient-primary caregivers' relationship, resilience, and the level of activity of daily living. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate high levels of death anxiety in advanced cancer patients. Generally, patients with adult children, high self-esteem and resilience had low death anxiety. Conversely, patients with low levels of activity of daily living and high coping mode (resignation, confrontation) reported high death anxiety. We determined that associated factors contributed to reduce death anxiety. Social interventions are recommended to improve the end-of-life transition for patients and caregivers.
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77
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Spitzenstätter D, Schnell T. The existential dimension of the pandemic: Death attitudes, personal worldview, and coronavirus anxiety. DEATH STUDIES 2022; 46:1031-1041. [PMID: 33357041 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2020.1848944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A cross-sectional survey to investigate relationships between coronavirus anxiety, individual death attitudes, and personal worldview was conducted among 202 German-speaking adults in Central Europe. Results indicated that death anxiety significantly predicts coronavirus anxiety beyond sociodemographic variables. Women reported higher coronavirus anxiety than men. Against expectations, dimensions of personal worldview were hardly related to coronavirus anxiety. In contrast, we found evidence for a curvilinear relationship between religiosity as well as atheism and negative death attitudes. Our study contributes to recent discussions about death anxiety as a transdiagnostic factor in psychopathology and yields important implications for psychosocial support in the current pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatjana Schnell
- Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- MF Norwegian School of Theology, Religion and Society, Oslo, Norway
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78
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Shekhar SK, Jose TP. Death Anxiety and Mental Health: A Case Analysis of Vaccination Hesitancy and Intervention Techniques. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WORK IN END-OF-LIFE & PALLIATIVE CARE 2022; 18:4-7. [PMID: 34772328 DOI: 10.1080/15524256.2021.2002232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tony P Jose
- Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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Enea V, Candel OS, Zancu SA, Scrumeda A, Bărbuşelu M, Largu AM, Manciuc C. Death anxiety and burnout in intensive care unit specialists facing the COVID-19 outbreak: The mediating role of obsession with COVID-19 and coronaphobia. DEATH STUDIES 2022; 46:2306-2315. [PMID: 34019464 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2021.1928331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the role of the obsession with COVID-19 thoughts and coronaphobia in the relationship of death anxiety with burnout among staff working at infectious diseases hospitals in the front-line of the fight against COVID-19. A cross-sectional online survey (N = 110) was conducted during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results showed that obsession with COVID-19 and coronaphobia mediated the relationship of death anxiety with burnout. Most of the participants reported higher levels of death anxiety compared with the general population and nurses reported higher levels of death anxiety than physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Enea
- Department of Psychology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iaşi, Romania
| | | | | | - Andreea Scrumeda
- Department of Psychology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Mariana Bărbuşelu
- Northamptonshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Memory Assessment Service, UK
| | | | - Carmen Manciuc
- The Saint Parascheva Infectious Diseases Hospital, Iaşi, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Romania
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80
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Arlotto S, Garès A, Giraud-Gatineau A, Lagier JC, Jimeno MT, Peretti-Watel P, Million M, Parola P, Brouqui P, Raoult D, Gentile S. Life-years lost by COVID-19 patients in public hospitals of Marseille (APHM-South-Eastern France): a limited death toll: a retrospective analysis. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e049475. [PMID: 35084360 PMCID: PMC8718937 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Between 1 March and 15 June, France experienced the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, during which 29 549 deaths occurred among COVID-19 patients, 17 250 of whom died in hospital. Our hypothesis is that crude mortality rates are not sufficient to assess the impact of the epidemic on public health. The objective of this paper is to estimate the potential years of life lost (YLL) of patients who died from COVID-19. METHOD We realised a retrospective analysis of the exhaustive sample of COVID-19 PCR-positive patients who died in public hospitals of Marseille during this first wave. Data on demographic characteristics, comorbidities and care pathways were collected from medical records. The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was used to assess what would have been the probability of dying within 1 year of these patients in the absence of COVID-19 and to estimate total YLL. RESULTS Among the 1631 patients who were hospitalised for COVID-19, 178 patients died, at an average age of 80 years. According to CCI, 88.8% of the deceased patients had an 85% probability of dying within 1 year before COVID-19. Among the 11.2% who had a lower CCI probability, 18 out of 20 had at least one additional comorbidity known to be a major risk factor of mortality in COVID-19 disease. Cumulative total number of YLL was estimated to be 541 in this deceased population, that is, an average of 3 YLL. CONCLUSION Although our results should be interpreted with caution, this analysis confirms that mortality due to COVID-19 translates into a limited number of YLL due to both old age and preexisting comorbidities in the most vulnerable patients. This fact should be better considered in public health management of the pandemic both for risk communication and design of the most appropriate protective measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Arlotto
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille-University, Marseille, France
| | - Alice Garès
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille-University, Marseille, France
| | - Audrey Giraud-Gatineau
- VITROME, IRD, Marseille, France
- Centre d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique des Armées (CESPA), Marseille, France
| | - Jean Cristophe Lagier
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
- MEPHI, IRD, Marseille, France
| | - Marie-Thérèse Jimeno
- Service d'Information Médicale Public health Department La Timone Hospital, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Peretti-Watel
- VITROME, IRD, Marseille, France
- Research department, Southeastern Health Regional Observatory, Marseille, France
| | - Matthieu Million
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
- MEPHI, IRD, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Parola
- VITROME, IRD, Marseille, France
- IHU Mediterranee Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Brouqui
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
- IHU Mediterranee Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
- MEPHI, IRD, Marseille, France
| | - Stephanie Gentile
- Service d'Evaluation Médicale, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
- School of Medicine - La Timone Medical Campus, Aix-Marseille Universite, Marseille, France
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81
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Özer Z, Aksoy M, Turan GB. The Relationship Between Death Anxiety and Religious Coping Styles in Patients Diagnosed With COVID-19: A Sample in the East of Turkey. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2021; 87:299-311. [PMID: 34969296 PMCID: PMC10063868 DOI: 10.1177/00302228211065256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to find out the relationship between death anxiety and religious coping styles in patients diagnosed with COVID-19. This cross-sectional and relational study was carried out with snowball sampling technique between May 15 and June 15, 2021. It was found that the participants had a mean Death Anxiety Scale total score of 10.42 ±2.77, they had a mean positive religious coping sub-scale score of 23.44±2.66 and a mean negative religious coping sub-scale score of 12.82 ±3.08. Statistically significant positive association was found between Death Anxiety Scale and Religious Coping Questionnaire's both positive and negative coping sub-scale scores (p < .05). It was found that patients diagnosed with COVID-19 had high level of death anxiety and positive religious coping styles. It was also found that death anxiety levels increased in the patients as their use of positive and negative coping increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zülfünaz Özer
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, 226843Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meyreme Aksoy
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, 187476Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
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82
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Zu C, Zhou X, Cui YX, Liu YF, Hu YX, Li DQ, Zeng H. The Impact of Mortality Salience on Purchase Intention and Creativity Evaluation on Products During COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychol 2021; 12:601383. [PMID: 34987437 PMCID: PMC8720745 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.601383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the environment of COVID-19, people are faced with mortality salience (MS) and socioeconomic crisis. According to the terror management theory, the MS would lead to particular consumption attitudes and behaviors caused by the self-esteem and cultural worldview defense. The creativity as a potential value of products needs to be examined to explore how the MS changed the creativity evaluation of three types of products categorized into normal, renovative, and innovative products, based on the degree of originality (Zhang et al., 2019). Two experiments were conducted to examine (1) the MS effect on the creativity and purchase intention evaluation and (2) both MS and country-of-origin effect on the evaluations. The results show that usefulness and purchase intention are affected by both effects, and the novelty is mainly affected by MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zu
- Department of Social Psychology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Social Psychology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu-Xin Cui
- Department of Social Psychology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-Fang Liu
- Department of Social Psychology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue-Xin Hu
- Department of Social Psychology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong-Qi Li
- Department of Social Psychology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- School of Economics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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83
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Ismail A, Ismail NH, Abu Kassim NYM, Lestari W, Ismail AF, Sukotjo C. Knowledge, Perceived Risk, and Preventive Behaviors amidst Covid-19 Pandemic among Dental Students in Malaysia. Dent J (Basel) 2021; 9:151. [PMID: 34940048 PMCID: PMC8700747 DOI: 10.3390/dj9120151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has affected dental education in Malaysia. However, studies on dental students' knowledge, perception, and behaviors with regards to COVID-19 are very limited. Thus, this study aims to determine the knowledge status, perceived risk, and preventive behaviors of dental students in Malaysia regarding COVID-19. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among students from 13 dental schools across Malaysia using online questionnaires. RESULTS From 355 respondents, 93.5% obtained a high score of knowledge of COVID-19. Female respondents scored higher than males in perceived risks and preventive behaviors. Chinese respondents scored highest in knowledge, while Malay respondents had the highest perceived risk score. The mean preventive behavior score did not vary across ethnicity. On-campus students scored higher in knowledge and perceived risk whereas off-campus students practiced more preventive behaviors. Clinical students' knowledge score was higher than preclinical students. Final year students scored higher in knowledge and perceived risk compared to their juniors. CONCLUSION The majority of dental students have good knowledge and a high perceived risk of COVID-19, and they practiced most of the preventive behaviors. However, the latest information on this disease should be incorporated into dental schools' curriculums and updated periodically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azlini Ismail
- Department of Fundamental Dental and Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang 25200, Malaysia; (A.I.); (W.L.)
| | - Nur Hanisah Ismail
- Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang 25200, Malaysia; (N.H.I.); (N.Y.M.A.K.)
| | | | - Widya Lestari
- Department of Fundamental Dental and Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang 25200, Malaysia; (A.I.); (W.L.)
| | - Ahmad Faisal Ismail
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang 25200, Malaysia;
| | - Cortino Sukotjo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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84
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Aslaner H, Özen B, Erten ZK, Gökçek MB. Death and COVID-19 Anxiety in Home-Quarantined Individuals Aged 65 and Over During the Pandemic. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2021; 85:246-258. [PMID: 34873982 PMCID: PMC9039587 DOI: 10.1177/00302228211059894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Urgent measures were taken for those at the age of 65 and over who were at the risk group all over the world due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It is known that many individuals at the age of 65 and over have experienced anxiety due to the uncertainties. This study aimed to determine the anxiety and death anxiety in individuals aged 65 and over who were isolation at home due to being diagnosed with COVID-19 or being in contact during the pandemic process. The study is descriptive and cross-sectional. It was performed with 656 home-quarantined individuals aged between 65–80 years with positive or negative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test result. A form including questions about the death anxiety and the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale Short Form prepared by the researchers were administered to the individuals by phone call. Of the participants, 49.5% were male. Median COVID-19 anxiety score was 4 (0–18). Anxiety scores of the male and female participants were similar. Participants with negative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results and those with death anxiety had higher COVID anxiety scores. Death anxiety has increased by 1.661 times in male gender, 1.983 times in RT-PCR positivity and 0.146 times in the presence of symptoms. Individuals with positive COVID-19 test results or those aged 65 and over who had death anxiety and negative COVID-19 test result but who were in home-isolation due to being a contact had higher anxiety score. For this reason, those with death anxiety can be supported in line with their religious beliefs to reduce anxiety. Those with negative PCR test results in quarantine can be adequately informed about the COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hümeyra Aslaner
- Family Medicine, 147026Kayseri City Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Betül Özen
- Faculty of Health, Department of Community Health Nursing, 52958Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zeliha K Erten
- Department of Nursing, Health Sciences Faculty, 218509Nuh Naci Yazgan University, Kayseri, Turkey
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85
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Nowak BM, Miedziarek C, Pełczyński S, Rzymski P. Misinformation, Fears and Adherence to Preventive Measures during the Early Phase of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study in Poland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12266. [PMID: 34832021 PMCID: PMC8618240 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The response to the pandemic requires access to accurate information and public understanding and adherence to preventive measures. This online cross-sectional study of adult Poles (n = 1337) assessed the frequency of COVID-19 preventive behaviors, fears related to the COVID-19 pandemic, and beliefs in COVID-19-related conspiracy theories during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic when the nationwide lockdown was imposed (April 2020). As shown, 22% of surveyed admitted not to wash their hands frequently, while 12% did not use disinfectants. These two behaviors were also less frequent in individuals with medical education. The highest levels of pandemic-related fears were associated with health loss in relatives, pandemic-induced economic crisis, and government using a pandemic to control citizens by the state. A significant share of surveyed individuals believed that the pandemic was intentional action to weaken non-Chinese economies (32%) or was deliberately induced for profits from selling vaccines (27%). Men, individuals with no children, and subjects with lower education were significantly less likely to adhere to sanitary measures (handwashing, disinfection, avoiding face touching, changes in greeting etiquette, face-covering when coughing or sneezing), and were less concerned over self and relatives' health. At the same time, men were less prone than women to the conspiracy theories related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The results indicate that adherence to sanitary measures during the pandemic can be a challenge also in developed countries, while misinformation campaigns (also concerning vaccines) have already affected the general public during the early phase of the epidemiological outbreak. The study provides observations that may be useful in the management of the public response to future epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz M. Nowak
- Student Research Club of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Cezary Miedziarek
- Student Research Group of Paediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznań, Poland
| | - Szymon Pełczyński
- Student Research Group of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-861 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Piotr Rzymski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
- Integrated Science Association (ISA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 60-806 Poznań, Poland
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86
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Abstract
Purpose of Review The objective of this review is to provide background on common theories of grief, describe the impact of grief on older adults and to introduce various modalities that are currently used and/or being researched for treatment. The objective is also to condense information and identify what has been found beneficial versus what has been found lacking. A brief examination of overlap of other disorders is done. It also will suggest what further research is necessary on this subject, and highlight what research is being done during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Findings The latest research of grief primarily involves refining the definitions of grief. More concrete definitions of grief will help for better screening tools, and thus target interventions more appropriately. There is considerable need for applying it to the unique and real-world COVID-19 pandemic. Summary Grief disorders are relatively common and the symptoms overlap other disorders. Since the treatments differ, identifying grief disorders is important, especially in the elderly who are more susceptible to grief disorders. Therapy improves grief better than medications, but medications will help with any co-occurring disorders. No clear superior therapy has been identified but research continues. The pandemic has highlighted the need to refine the definitions of grief disorders and to treat them effectively.
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87
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Luna DS, Bering JM, Halberstadt JB. Public faith in science in the United States through the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. PUBLIC HEALTH IN PRACTICE 2021; 2:100103. [PMID: 34746892 PMCID: PMC8555978 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2021.100103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Given the centrality of science over the course of the COVID-19 crisis, we evaluate changes in people’s beliefs in the power of science in the United States over the first four months of the pandemic. Study design Post-hoc analysis of cross-sectional survey data. Methods A convenience sample of 1327 participants was recruited through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk service for three surveys carried out in 14–25 January, 27 March to 1 April, and 28–29 May of 2020. Respondents completed a ten-item instrument measuring different aspects of their perceptions of science including trust, interest, and faith (answer to the question: “How much do you agree with the following statement: Science can sort out any problem.”). We conducted multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) with faith, interest, and trust as dependent variables, time as the independent variable, and political orientation and religiosity as between-subjects covariates. Results The data revealed that public levels of faith in science increased between January (M = 3.2) and both March (M = 3.42) and May (M = 3.4). By contrast, we observed no changes in interest and trust in science over the same time period. Conclusions We speculate that increases in faith in science during the first four months of the pandemic helped people cope with the uncertainty and existential anxiety resulting from this public health crisis. We observed public faith in science increase in the United States throughout the first four months of the Covid-19 pandemic. Trust and interest in science did not shift over the same time period. Increases in faith may have helped people cope with the uncertainty and existential anxiety from this public health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Silva Luna
- Centre for Science Communication, University of Otago, New Zealand
- Corresponding author. Centre for Science Communication, University of Otago, 133 Union Street East, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand.
| | - Jesse M. Bering
- Centre for Science Communication, University of Otago, New Zealand
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Yousefi Afrashteh M, Masoumi S. Psychological well-being and death anxiety among breast cancer survivors during the Covid-19 pandemic: the mediating role of self-compassion. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2021; 21:387. [PMID: 34732193 PMCID: PMC8564789 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-021-01533-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background Despite the abundance of clinical data available for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), little research on the psychological well-being of breast cancer survivors has been published. We investigate the extent to which self-compassion accounted for the association between psychological well-being (depression, anxiety) and death anxiety in breast cancer survivors. Methods A cross-sectional study design was applied. Participants were recruited from three departments of oncology in Zanjan, Iran. Data were collected from 210 breast cancer patients. Participants completed self-report measures. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess the relationship among the study variables. Bootstrapping analyses were used to test the significance of indirect effects. Results Correlational analyses revealed that depression and anxiety were significantly and positively related to death anxiety (r = 0.77, p < 0.01; r = 0.85, p < 0.01, respectively) and negatively to self-compassion (r = − 0.48, p < 0.01; r = − 0.53, p < 0.01, respectively). Bootstrapping analyses revealed significant indirect effects of depression (β = 0.065, SE = 0.35, p < 0.03, 95% CI [LL = − 0.0083, UL: − 0.1654]) and anxiety (β = 0.089, SE = 0.09, p < 0.04, 95% CI [LL = − 0.0247, UL: − 0.1987]) on death anxiety through self-compassion. Conclusions Findings from this study indicate that self-compassion may be considered as one treatment strategy to improve psychological well-being of cancer patients in the new context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samin Masoumi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
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89
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Joaquim RM, Pinto AL, Guatimosim RF, de Paula JJ, Souza Costa D, Diaz AP, da Silva AG, Pinheiro MI, Serpa AL, Miranda DM, Malloy-Diniz LF. Bereavement and psychological distress during COVID-19 pandemics: The impact of death experience on mental health. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2021.100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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90
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Zeng Q, Cao H, Ma Q, Chen J, Shi H, Li J. Appetite loss, death anxiety and medical coping modes in COVID-19 patients: a cross-sectional study. Nurs Open 2021; 8:3242-3250. [PMID: 34463433 PMCID: PMC8510753 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aims to explore the current level and associated factors of appetite and death anxiety amongst COVID-19 patients and also to identify correlation between the two variables. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. METHODS Demographic and characteristic questionnaires, templer death anxiety scale, council on nutrition of appetite questionnaire and medical coping modes questionnaire were utilized. RESULTS The average scores of appetite and death anxiety were 19.46 (4.09) and 6.58, (3.21) respectively. 76 patients (100%) suffered from appetite loss, whilst 27 (35.50%) patients suffered from severe death anxiety. Marital status, COVID-19 disease condition ranks, educational level and death anxiety were explained 55.20% of the total variance in the appetite regression model (F = 31.83, p < .001), whilst the gender, avoidance coping strategy and appetite level were explained 49.80% of the total variance in death anxiety model (F = 17.80, p < .001). A moderate negative correlation between appetite and death anxiety was also confirmed (r=-.55, p < .001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxuan Zeng
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory HealthThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Huangliang Cao
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qing Ma
- School of NursingGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Jieya Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory HealthThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Haixia Shi
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory HealthThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiaying Li
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina
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91
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Wright R. 2020: The Impact of Changes in Grief Diffusion, Perception, and Understanding During Mass Trauma: Shifts in Patterns of Grief. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2021; 59:3-5. [PMID: 34714199 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20210921-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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92
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von Blanckenburg P, Leppin N, Nagelschmidt K, Seifart C, Rief W. Matters of Life and Death: An Experimental Study Investigating Psychological Interventions to Encourage the Readiness for End-of-Life Conversations. PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS 2021; 90:243-254. [PMID: 33212438 DOI: 10.1159/000511199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Talking about death and dying is evoking discomfort in many persons, resulting in avoidance of this topic. However, end-of-life discussions can alleviate distress and uncertainties in both old and young adults, but only a minority uses this option in palliative care. Even in healthy populations, talking about death is often seen as alleviative and worthwhile, but rarely initiated. OBJECTIVE To investigate different psychological interventions (a) encouraging the readiness for end-of-life discussions and (b) changing death attitudes in healthy adults of different ages. METHODS 168 participants were randomized to four different interventions (IG1: value-based intervention with end-of-life perspective, IG2: motivation-based intervention with end-of-life perspective, IG3: combination of IG1 and IG2, CG: control group). Primary outcome was the readiness to engage in end-of-life topics. Secondary outcomes were fear of death, fear of dying and death acceptance. Assessments took place before, directly after the intervention and at 2 weeks of follow up. RESULTS IG2 and IG3 reported significantly more changes in the readiness to engage in end-of-life discussions than the CG (F[5.61, 307] = 4.83, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.081) directly after the intervention. The effect of IG3 remained stable at the follow-up. There were no significant effects of the interventions on end-of-life fears or death acceptance. Acceptability of the interventions was very high. CONCLUSIONS Short interventions can be useful to encourage end-of-life discussions and could be integrated in health care programs. The efficacy and effectiveness of these short interventions in palliative patients are currently examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia von Blanckenburg
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany,
| | - Nico Leppin
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Nagelschmidt
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Carola Seifart
- Institutional Review Board, Clinical Ethics, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Winfried Rief
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Mat Ruzlin AN, Chen XW, Yunus RM, Samsudin EZ, Selamat MI, Ismail Z. Promoting Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Hybrid, Innovative Approach in Malaysia. Front Public Health 2021; 9:747953. [PMID: 34692630 PMCID: PMC8526842 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.747953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had monumental effects on the mental health of populations worldwide. Previous research indicated that programs and interventions using social networks can play a positive role in promoting mental health. Nevertheless, current evidence is largely derived from high-income regions, reflecting an urgent need for more studies in low- and middle-income settings. Objectives: This paper aims to (a) describe the potential value of a hybrid health carnival in promoting mental health and increasing access to screening services; (b) assess the level of community engagement with the digital platform. Methods: A mental health carnival was conducted with the theme of “Mind Your Mental Health” (Cakna Kesihatan Mental) in conjunction with the World Mental Health Day in Malaysia. This was a hybrid carnival that combined elements of face-to-face interactions and virtual learning. Free online therapy sessions were offered to high-risk groups identified during the screening process. Social media metrics were utilized to report the levels of community engagement and participants completed pre-and post-assessments to measure the program's impact on their knowledge. Results: The carnival was attended by 515 participants (78.8% virtual participants). Social media metrics reported more than 5,585 reaches on Facebook for all the activities held throughout the event. Results from pre-and post-assessments showed significant improvement in the mean knowledge scores (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This digital approach will continue to evolve by releasing new features and tools as a new frontier for high-risk populations and all individuals seeking mental health support and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimi Nadira Mat Ruzlin
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Xin Wee Chen
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Raudah Mohd Yunus
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ely Zarina Samsudin
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Ikhsan Selamat
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zaliha Ismail
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selangor, Malaysia
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94
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Brophy NS, Seiter CR, Zhao X. COVID-19 Risk Perceptions and Intentions to Engage in Familial Advance Care Planning: The Mediating Role of Death Anxiety. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2021; 26:684-695. [PMID: 34779344 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2021.1998844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Advance care planning (ACP) is the process of communicating about end-of-life (EOL) care with loved ones. Due to the deadly nature of COVID-19, ACP is vital. Unfortunately, fewer than 30% of American patients engage in ACP. In addition to low motivation, people experiencing death anxiety (DA) similarly avoid ACP. This finding coincides with predictions from terror management theory (TMT) that people avoid DA-arousing behaviors. Guided by the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the health belief model (HBM), we posited COVID-19 risk perceptions would be positively associated with determinants of health behavior, including intention to share and ask loved ones about EOL wishes, as well as the associated attitudes, norms, and level of perceived behavioral control regarding ACP. Guided by TMT, we posited that DA negatively mediated relationships between COVID-19 risk perceptions and these behavioral determinants. An MTurk participant sample (N = 522) completed a survey about COVID-19 risk perceptions, DA, and health behavior determinants in the context of ACP. Results indicate COVID-19 risk perceptions were rarely directly related to these determinants. However, results of PROCESS mediation models examining the role of DA in these relationships reveal a different picture. While direct relationships were rarely significant, DA negatively mediated most relationships between COVID-19 risk perceptions and behavioral determinants. Our results indicate DA demotivates EOL communication during the COVID-19 pandemic; a concerning yet important finding due to the increased importance of ACP in the context of a deadly disease like COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nate S Brophy
- Department of Communication, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Christian R Seiter
- Department of Human Communication Studies, California State University, Fullerton, California, USA
| | - Xiaoquan Zhao
- Department of Communication, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
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95
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Chachar AS, Younus S, Ali W. Developmental Understanding of Death and Grief Among Children During COVID-19 Pandemic: Application of Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Model. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:654584. [PMID: 34658940 PMCID: PMC8511419 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.654584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 Pandemic has influenced death-related attitudes and understanding during the childhood development leading to a life-long impact. Factors like pandemic-related movement restrictions, school closures, and parents' stay-at-home have exposed children to the phenomenon of grief and death. In that case, children anticipate adverse outcomes and fear while they struggle with unanswered questions. Children may not have coping skills needed to manage their grief in constructive ways to identify, normalize, and express their responses to the loss in their lives. Naming and validating these responses as distinctive aspects of grief process and providing safe space to express their feelings are essential components of a child's coping with loss and grief. This is crucial to consider, as different children react to and are influenced by their environments differently. This article aims to explore the developmental understanding of the process of death and grief by applying the conceptual framework of Bronfenbrenner's theory. Understanding mutual interaction between a child and various ecological systems determines how children perceive death and process grief can facilitate effective communication that has significant implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sana Younus
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Wamiq Ali
- Synapse, Pakistan Neuroscience Institute, Karachi, Pakistan
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96
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Horner DE, Sielaff A, Pyszczynski T, Greenberg J. The role of perceived level of threat, reactance proneness, political orientation, and coronavirus salience on health behavior intentions. Psychol Health 2021; 38:647-666. [PMID: 34585647 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2021.1982940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This pre-registered study was designed to test whether reminders of death and coronavirus would have similar or different effects on health behavior intentions concerning COVID-19 (e.g., mask wearing, social distancing) and whether the type of framing of these behaviors would moderate these effects. DESIGN The study utilized a 3 (threat: mortality salience vs. coronavirus reminder vs. control topic) x 3 (framing: autonomy-supportive vs. controlled vs. neutral) design. Measures of perceived threat of COVID-19, reactance proneness, and political orientation were included as individual differences. RESULTS Although the interaction between threat and framing conditions was not significant, the data revealed that (1) lower perceived threat of COVID-19 was associated with lower health behavior intentions to reduce the spread of the virus; (2) after an induction to express their thoughts and feelings about COVID-19, participants with low perceived threat of COVID-19 significantly increased their health intentions; (3) perceived threat of COVID-19 moderated the relationship between reactance proneness and health intentions, such that those high in reactance proneness reported lower intentions unless they had high perceptions of threat; and (4) politically conservative participants reported lower intentions to engage in healthy behaviors, and this relationship was mediated by their lower perceived threat of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan E Horner
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Alex Sielaff
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Tom Pyszczynski
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | - Jeff Greenberg
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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97
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Durgun H, Köktürk Dalcalı B, Bayraktar F. Mental images of nurses regarding COVID-19: A metaphor study. J Nurs Manag 2021; 30:53-61. [PMID: 34590364 PMCID: PMC8646296 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study is to understand the thoughts and perceptions of nurses caring for patients with COVID-19 diagnosis about the COVID-19 pandemic. BACKGROUND The nursing profession, with the basic duty of caring for people, is among the professional groups most affected by COVID-19. The high rate of transmission of COVID-19, inadequate numbers of nurses for the increasing case numbers, inadequate personal protective equipment and increases in numbers of deaths negatively affected nurses, as they affected all health professionals. METHODS This research is phenomenological research. A parallel mixed design including quantitative and qualitative research methods was used in the research. A sociodemographic data form and metaphor perception related to the COVID-19 pandemic form were used for data collection. Responses of nurses to the open-ended metaphor questions were evaluated with descriptive analysis and content analysis using the document investigation method. RESULTS The research was completed with 227 nurses. Most of the nurses were employed in COVID-19 wards (68.3%), were not diagnosed with COVID-19 (65.2%) and had not lost any relatives to COVID-19 (59.0%). It was determined that the answers given by the nurses comprised 151 metaphors collected in eight categories in total. CONCLUSION The results show that the metaphors mentioned by nurses involve hopelessness. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT This study reflects the ideas of nurses who are working with all their might during the COVID-19 pandemic and reveals the psychological status of the nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanife Durgun
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Berna Köktürk Dalcalı
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University, Bandırma/Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Feyza Bayraktar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey.,Health Sciences Institute, Department of Nursing, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
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98
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Cleofas JV, Oducado RMF. COVID-19 Death Occurrences, Pandemic Fatigue, and Well-Being. JOURNAL OF LOSS & TRAUMA 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15325024.2021.1971423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome V. Cleofas
- Department of Sociology and Behavioral Sciences, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines
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99
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Khowaja SA, Khuwaja P, Dev K, D’Aniello G. VIRFIM: an AI and Internet of Medical Things-driven framework for healthcare using smart sensors. Neural Comput Appl 2021; 35:1-18. [PMID: 34493907 PMCID: PMC8412386 DOI: 10.1007/s00521-021-06434-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
After affecting the world in unexpected ways, the virus has started mutating which is evident with the insurgence of its new variants. The governments, hospitals, schools, industries, and humans, in general, are looking for a potential solution in the vaccine which will eventually be available, but its timeline for eradicating the virus is yet unknown. Several researchers have encouraged and recommended the use of good practices such as physical healthcare monitoring, immunity boosting, personal hygiene, mental healthcare, and contact tracing for slowing down the spread of the virus. In this article, we propose the use of smart sensors integrated with the Internet of Medical Things to cover the spectrum of good practices in an automated manner. We present hypothetical frameworks for each of the good practice modules and propose the VIrus Resistance Framework using the Internet of Medical Things (VIRFIM) to tie all the individual modules in a unified architecture. Furthermore, we validate the realization of VIRFIM framework with two case studies related to physical activity monitoring and stress detection services. We envision that VIRFIM would be influential in assisting people with the new normal for current and future pandemics as well as instrumental in halting the economic losses, respectively. We also provide potential challenges and their probable solutions in compliance with the proposed VIRFIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunder Ali Khowaja
- Department of Telecommunication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Parus Khuwaja
- Institute of Business Administration, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Kapal Dev
- Department of Institute of Intelligent systems, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Giuseppe D’Aniello
- Department of Information and Electrical Engineering and Applied Mathematics, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
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100
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Overcome Death Anxiety: The Development of an Online Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Programme for Fears of Death. BEHAVIOUR CHANGE 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/bec.2021.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AbstractEmerging research suggests that death anxiety is a transdiagnostic construct, which may underpin a number of mental illnesses. Although cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) has been found to be the most effective treatment for death anxiety, no self-guided treatments for this construct exist at present. Furthermore, there is a growing need for accessible, scalable and cost-effective psychological treatments. To address these gaps, we created Overcome Death Anxiety (ODA), an online CBT-based programme which specifically targets fears of death. ODA was designed to be a fully automated, standalone, yet individualised online treatment. The present study outlines the development and structure of this programme using responses from four users to illustrate feasibility. Research is needed to examine the efficacy and usability of ODA with a larger clinical sample.
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