51
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van der Hooft JJJ, Wandy J, Young F, Padmanabhan S, Gerasimidis K, Burgess KEV, Barrett MP, Rogers S. Unsupervised Discovery and Comparison of Structural Families Across Multiple Samples in Untargeted Metabolomics. Anal Chem 2017. [PMID: 28621528 PMCID: PMC5524435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
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In
untargeted metabolomics
approaches, the inability to structurally
annotate relevant features and map them to biochemical pathways is
hampering the full exploitation of many metabolomics experiments.
Furthermore, variable metabolic content across samples result in sparse
feature matrices that are statistically hard to handle. Here, we introduce
MS2LDA+ that tackles both above-mentioned problems. Previously, we
presented MS2LDA, which extracts biochemically relevant molecular
substructures (“Mass2Motifs”) from a collection of fragmentation
spectra as sets of co-occurring molecular fragments and neutral losses,
thereby recognizing building blocks of metabolomics. Here, we extend
MS2LDA to handle multiple metabolomics experiments in one analysis,
resulting in MS2LDA+. By linking Mass2Motifs across samples, we expose
the variability in prevalence of structurally related metabolite families.
We validate the differential prevalence of substructures between two
distinct samples groups and apply it to fecal samples. Subsequently,
within one sample group of urines, we rank the Mass2Motifs based on
their variance to assess whether xenobiotic-derived substructures
are among the most-variant Mass2Motifs. Indeed, we could ascribe 22
out of the 30 most-variant Mass2Motifs to xenobiotic-derived substructures
including paracetamol/acetaminophen mercapturate and dimethylpyrogallol.
In total, we structurally characterized 101 Mass2Motifs with biochemically
or chemically relevant substructures. Finally, we combined the discovered
metabolite families with full scan feature intensity information to
obtain insight into core metabolites present in most samples and rare
metabolites present in small subsets now linked through their common
substructures. We conclude that by biochemical grouping of metabolites
across samples MS2LDA+ aids in structural annotation of metabolites
and guides prioritization of analysis by using Mass2Motif prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J J van der Hooft
- Glasgow Polyomics, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G61 1HQ, United Kingdom.,Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Wandy
- Glasgow Polyomics, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G61 1HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Young
- Glasgow Polyomics, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G61 1HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantinos Gerasimidis
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow , New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, United Kingdom
| | - Karl E V Burgess
- Glasgow Polyomics, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G61 1HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P Barrett
- Glasgow Polyomics, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G61 1HQ, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Rogers
- Glasgow Polyomics, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G61 1HQ, United Kingdom.,School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8RZ, United Kingdom
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52
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Pereira-Caro G, Moreno-Rojas JM, Brindani N, Del Rio D, Lean MEJ, Hara Y, Crozier A. Bioavailability of Black Tea Theaflavins: Absorption, Metabolism, and Colonic Catabolism. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:5365-5374. [PMID: 28595385 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Data obtained with in vitro fecal incubations and a feeding study indicate black tea theaflavin and its galloyl derivatives are not absorbed in detectable amounts in either the upper or lower gastrointestinal tract. The theaflavin skeleton is comparatively resistant to degradation by colonic bacteria with a 67% recovery being obtained after a 24 h incubation, which yielded 21 phenolic and aromatic catabolites. The theaflavin galloyl moiety was removed by the microbiota, and the released gallic acid further transformed to 3-O- and 4-O-methyl gallic acids, pyrogallol-1-sulfate and pyrogallol-2-sulfate, which were excreted in urine in amounts equivalent to 94% of intake. The main urinary product potentially derived from breakdown of the theaflavin skeleton was 3-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid. A number of the colonic catabolites originating from gallic acid and theaflavins has been reported to be bioactive in ex vivo and in vitro models with a variety of potential modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Pereira-Caro
- Department of Food and Health, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA) , Avenida Menendez-Pidal, SN 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - José Manuel Moreno-Rojas
- Department of Food and Health, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA) , Avenida Menendez-Pidal, SN 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Daniele Del Rio
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma , 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Michael E J Lean
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow , New Lister Building, Glasgow G31 2ER, U.K
| | | | - Alan Crozier
- Department of Nutrition, University of California , Davis, California 95616-5270, United States
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53
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Determination of Epigoitrin in Radix Isatidis by Solid Phase Extraction-Quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(17)61025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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54
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Brindani N, Mena P, Calani L, Benzie I, Choi SW, Brighenti F, Zanardi F, Curti C, Del Rio D. Synthetic and analytical strategies for the quantification of phenyl-γ-valerolactone conjugated metabolites in human urine. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Brindani
- Human Nutrition Unit; Department of Food & Drug; University of Parma; Parma Italy
- Department of Food & Drug; University of Parma; Parma Italy
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit; Department of Food & Drug; University of Parma; Parma Italy
| | - Luca Calani
- Human Nutrition Unit; Department of Food & Drug; University of Parma; Parma Italy
| | - Iris Benzie
- The Department of Health Technology and Informatics; Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong
| | - Siu-Wai Choi
- The Department of Health Technology and Informatics; Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong
| | - Furio Brighenti
- Human Nutrition Unit; Department of Food & Drug; University of Parma; Parma Italy
| | - Franca Zanardi
- Department of Food & Drug; University of Parma; Parma Italy
| | - Claudio Curti
- Department of Food & Drug; University of Parma; Parma Italy
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Human Nutrition Unit; Department of Food & Drug; University of Parma; Parma Italy
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55
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Piwowarski JP, Stanisławska I, Granica S, Stefańska J, Kiss AK. Phase II Conjugates of Urolithins Isolated from Human Urine and Potential Role ofβ-Glucuronidases in Their Disposition. Drug Metab Dispos 2017; 45:657-665. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.075200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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56
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Bresciani L, Martini D, Mena P, Tassotti M, Calani L, Brigati G, Brighenti F, Holasek S, Malliga DE, Lamprecht M, Del Rio D. Absorption Profile of (Poly)Phenolic Compounds after Consumption of Three Food Supplements Containing 36 Different Fruits, Vegetables, and Berries. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9030194. [PMID: 28245627 PMCID: PMC5372857 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The market of plant-based nutraceuticals and food supplements is continuously growing due to the increased consumer demand. The introduction of new products with relevant nutritional characteristics represents a new way of providing bioactive compounds and (poly)phenols to consumers, becoming a strategy to ideally guarantee the health benefits attributed to plant foodstuffs and allowing the increase of daily bioactive compound intake. A paramount step in the study of nutraceuticals is the evaluation of the bioavailability and metabolism of their putatively active components. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the absorption profile of the (poly)phenolic compounds contained in three different plant-based food supplements, made of 36 different plant matrices, which were consumed by 20 subjects in an open one-arm study design. Blood samples were collected at baseline and 1, 2, 5, and 10 h after capsule intake. Twenty quantifiable metabolites deriving from different (poly)phenolic compounds were identified. Results showed that the consumption of the three capsules allowed the effective absorption of several (poly)phenolic compounds and metabolites appearing at different times in plasma, thereby indicating different absorption profiles. The capsules thus ensured potential health-promoting molecules to be potentially available to target tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Bresciani
- The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Daniela Martini
- The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Pedro Mena
- The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Michele Tassotti
- The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Luca Calani
- Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Brigati
- The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Furio Brighenti
- The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Sandra Holasek
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Daniela-Eugenia Malliga
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Manfred Lamprecht
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
- Green Beat-Institute of Nutrient Research and Sport Nutrition, 8042 Graz, Austria.
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
- The Need for Nutrition Education/Innovation Programme (NNEdPro), Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge CB4 0WS, UK.
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57
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Mena P, González de Llano D, Brindani N, Esteban-Fernández A, Curti C, Moreno-Arribas MV, Del Rio D, Bartolomé B. 5-(3′,4′-Dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone and its sulphate conjugates, representative circulating metabolites of flavan-3-ols, exhibit anti-adhesive activity against uropathogenic Escherichia coli in bladder epithelial cells. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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58
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McDougall GJ, Allwood JW, Pereira-Caro G, Brown EM, Ternan N, Verrall S, Stewart D, Lawther R, O'Connor G, Rowland I, Crozier A, Gill CIR. Nontargeted LC-MS n Profiling of Compounds in Ileal Fluids That Decrease after Raspberry Intake Identifies Consistent Alterations in Bile Acid Composition. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:2606-2615. [PMID: 27643821 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ileostomy studies provide a unique insight into the digestion of foods, allowing identification of physiologically relevant dietary phytochemicals and their metabolites that are important to gut health. We previously reported an increase of components, including novel triterpenoids, in ileal fluids of 11 ileostomates following consumption of raspberries using nontargeted LC-MSn techniques in combination with data deconvolution software. The current study focused on components that consistently decreased postsupplementation. After data deconvolution, 32 components were identified that met exclusion parameters of m/z signals and which decreased significantly in ileal fluids from eight of 11 participants post-raspberry supplementation. Two-thirds of these components were identified putatively from their MS properties. Consistent decreases were observed in components that possibly reflected "washing out" of presupplementation intake of common foods/drinks including (poly)phenol metabolites. Metabolites associated with fat metabolism such as hydroxylated fatty acids and cholate-type bile acids were specifically reduced. However, more directed re-examination of the data revealed that although some cholates were consistently reduced, the more polar glyco- and tauro-linked bile acid derivatives increased consistently, by as much as 100-fold over presupplementation levels. The possible reasons for these substantial alterations in bile acid composition in ileal fluids in response to raspberry intake are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon J McDougall
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences Group, The James Hutton Institute , Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland
| | - J William Allwood
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences Group, The James Hutton Institute , Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland
| | - Gema Pereira-Caro
- Postharvest, Technology and Agrifood Industry Area, IFAPA , Córdoba, Spain
| | - Emma M Brown
- Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Ulster , Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland
| | - Nigel Ternan
- Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Western Health and Social Care Trust , Londonderry, BT47 6SB, Northern Ireland
| | - Susan Verrall
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences Group, The James Hutton Institute , Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland
| | - Derek Stewart
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences Group, The James Hutton Institute , Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland
- School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, Scotland
| | - Roger Lawther
- Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Western Health and Social Care Trust , Londonderry, BT47 6SB, Northern Ireland
| | - Gloria O'Connor
- Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Western Health and Social Care Trust , Londonderry, BT47 6SB, Northern Ireland
| | - Ian Rowland
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading , Reading, RG6 6AP, England
| | - Alan Crozier
- Department of Nutrition, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Chris I R Gill
- Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Ulster , Coleraine, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland
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59
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Borges G, van der Hooft JJJ, Crozier A. A comprehensive evaluation of the [2- 14C](-)-epicatechin metabolome in rats. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 99:128-138. [PMID: 27495388 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Following ingestion of [2-14C](-)-epicatechin by rats, radioactivity in urine, feces, body fluids and tissues collected over a 72h period, was measured and 14C-metabolites were analyzed by HPLC-MS2 with a radioactivity monitor. In total 78% of the ingested radioactivity was absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), and then rapidly eliminated from the circulatory system via renal excretion. A peak plasma concentration occurred 1h after intake corresponding to ~0.7% of intake. Low amounts of radioactivity, <2% of intake, appeared transiently in body tissues. Glucuronidation and methylation of (-)-epicatechin began in the duodenum but occurred more extensively in the jejunum/ileum. Radioactivity reaching the cecum after 6-12h was predominantly in the form of the ring fission metabolites 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone and 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-hydroxyvaleric acid along with smaller amounts of their phase II metabolites. Low levels of metabolites were detected in the colon. Of the ingested radioactivity, 19% was voided in feces principally as ring-fission metabolites. The main components in plasma were (-)-epicatechin-5-O-glucuronide and 3'-O-methyl-(-)-epicatechin-5-O-glucuronide with small amounts of (-)-epicatechin, 3'-O-methyl-(-)-epicatechin, 5-(3'-hydroxyphenyl)-γ-hydroxyvaleric acid-4'-glucuronide and hippuric acid also being detected. No oxidized products of (-)-epicatechin were detected. No compelling evidence was obtained for biliary recycling of metabolites. The findings demonstrate substantial differences in the metabolism of (-)-epicatechin by rats and humans. Caution should, therefore, be exercised when using animal models to draw conclusions about effects induced by (-)-epicatechin intake in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Borges
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Justin J J van der Hooft
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alan Crozier
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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60
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van Duynhoven JPM, Jacobs DM. Assessment of dietary exposure and effect in humans: The role of NMR. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 96:58-72. [PMID: 27573181 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In human nutritional science progress has always depended strongly on analytical measurements for establishing relationships between diet and health. This field has undergone significant changes as a result of the development of NMR and mass spectrometry methods for large scale detection, identification and quantification of metabolites in body fluids. This has allowed systematic studies of the metabolic fingerprints that biological processes leave behind, and has become the research field of metabolomics. As a metabolic profiling technique, NMR is at its best when its unbiased nature, linearity and reproducibility are exploited in well-controlled nutritional intervention and cross-sectional population screening studies. Although its sensitivity is less good than that of mass spectrometry, NMR has maintained a strong position in metabolomics through implementation of standardisation protocols, hyphenation with mass spectrometry and chromatographic techniques, accurate quantification and spectral deconvolution approaches, and high-throughput automation. Thus, NMR-based metabolomics has contributed uniquely to new insights into dietary exposure, in particular by unravelling the metabolic fates of phytochemicals and the discovery of dietary intake markers. NMR profiling has also contributed to the understanding of the subtle effects of diet on central metabolism and lipoprotein metabolism. In order to hold its ground in nutritional metabolomics, NMR will need to step up its performance in sensitivity and resolution; the most promising routes forward are the analytical use of dynamic nuclear polarisation and developments in microcoil construction and automated fractionation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P M van Duynhoven
- Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Olivier van Noortlaan 120, 3130AC Vlaardingen, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Biophysics and Wageningen NMR Centre, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703HA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Doris M Jacobs
- Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Olivier van Noortlaan 120, 3130AC Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
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61
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Wohlleben W, Mast Y, Stegmann E, Ziemert N. Antibiotic drug discovery. Microb Biotechnol 2016; 9:541-8. [PMID: 27470984 PMCID: PMC4993170 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the threat posed by the increase of highly resistant pathogenic bacteria, there is an urgent need for new antibiotics; all the more so since in the last 20 years, the approval for new antibacterial agents had decreased. The field of natural product discovery has undergone a tremendous development over the past few years. This has been the consequence of several new and revolutionizing drug discovery and development techniques, which is initiating a ‘New Age of Antibiotic Discovery’. In this review, we concentrate on the most significant discovery approaches during the last and present years and comment on the challenges facing the community in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Wohlleben
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tuebingen, Microbiology/Biotechnology, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Yvonne Mast
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tuebingen, Microbiology/Biotechnology, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Evi Stegmann
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tuebingen, Microbiology/Biotechnology, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nadine Ziemert
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tuebingen, Microbiology/Biotechnology, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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62
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Tomás-Barberán FA, González-Sarrías A, García-Villalba R, Núñez-Sánchez MA, Selma MV, García-Conesa MT, Espín JC. Urolithins, the rescue of “old” metabolites to understand a “new” concept: Metabotypes as a nexus among phenolic metabolism, microbiota dysbiosis, and host health status. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rocío García-Villalba
- Research Group on Quality; Safety; and Bioactivity of Plant Foods; CEBAS-CSIC; Murcia Spain
| | - María A. Núñez-Sánchez
- Research Group on Quality; Safety; and Bioactivity of Plant Foods; CEBAS-CSIC; Murcia Spain
| | - María V. Selma
- Research Group on Quality; Safety; and Bioactivity of Plant Foods; CEBAS-CSIC; Murcia Spain
| | - María T. García-Conesa
- Research Group on Quality; Safety; and Bioactivity of Plant Foods; CEBAS-CSIC; Murcia Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Research Group on Quality; Safety; and Bioactivity of Plant Foods; CEBAS-CSIC; Murcia Spain
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63
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Feliciano RP, Boeres A, Massacessi L, Istas G, Ventura MR, Nunes dos Santos C, Heiss C, Rodriguez-Mateos A. Identification and quantification of novel cranberry-derived plasma and urinary (poly)phenols. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 599:31-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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64
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Núñez-Sánchez MÁ, Karmokar A, González-Sarrías A, García-Villalba R, Tomás-Barberán FA, García-Conesa MT, Brown K, Espín JC. In vivo relevant mixed urolithins and ellagic acid inhibit phenotypic and molecular colon cancer stem cell features: A new potentiality for ellagitannin metabolites against cancer. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 92:8-16. [PMID: 26995228 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Colon cancer stem cells (CSCs) offer a novel paradigm for colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment and dietary polyphenols may contribute to battle these cells. Specifically, polyphenol-derived colon metabolites have the potential to interact with and affect colon CSCs. We herein report the effects against colon CSCs of two mixtures of ellagitannin (ET) metabolites, ellagic acid (EA) and the gut microbiota-derived urolithins (Uro) at concentrations detected in the human colon tissues following the intake of ET-containing products (pomegranate, walnuts). These mixtures reduce phenotypic and molecular features in two models of colon CSCs: Caco-2 cells and primary tumour cells from a patient with CRC. The mixture containing mostly Uro-A (85% Uro-A, 10% Uro-C, 5% EA) was most effective at inhibiting the number and size of colonospheres and aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (ALDH, a marker of chemoresistance) whereas the mixture containing less Uro-A but IsoUro-A and Uro-B (30% Uro-A, 50% IsoUro-A, 10% Uro-B, 5% Uro-C, 5% EA) had some effects on the number and size of colonospheres but not on ALDH. These data support a role for polyphenols metabolites in the control of colon cancer chemoresistance and relapse and encourage the research on the effects of polyphenols against CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ángeles Núñez-Sánchez
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ankur Karmokar
- Cancer Chemoprevention Group, Department of Cancer Studies, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Antonio González-Sarrías
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Villalba
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco A Tomás-Barberán
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Teresa García-Conesa
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Karen Brown
- Cancer Chemoprevention Group, Department of Cancer Studies, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
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Khymenets O, Andres-Lacueva C, Urpi-Sarda M, Vazquez-Fresno R, Mart MM, Reglero G, Torres M, Llorach R. Metabolic fingerprint after acute and under sustained consumption of a functional beverage based on grape skin extract in healthy human subjects. Food Funct 2016; 6:1288-98. [PMID: 25761658 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00684d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Grape-derived polyphenols are considered to be one of the most promising ingredients for functional foods due to their health-promoting activities. We applied a HPLC-MS-based untargeted metabolomic approach in order to evaluate the impact of a functional food based on grape skin polyphenols on the urinary metabolome of healthy subjects. Thirty-one volunteers participated in two dietary crossover randomized intervention studies: with a single-dose intake (187 mL) and with a 15-day sustained consumption (twice per day, 187 mL per day in total) of a functional beverage (FB). Postprandial (4-hour) and 24-hour urine samples collected after acute consumption and on the last day of sustained FB consumption, respectively, were analysed using an untargeted HPLC-qTOF-MS approach. Multivariate modelling with subsequent application of an S-plot revealed differential mass features related to acute and prolonged consumption of FB. More than half of the mass features were shared between the two types of samples, among which several phase II metabolites of grape-derived polyphenols were identified at confidence level II. Prolonged consumption of FB was specifically reflected in urine metabolome by the presence of first-stage microbial metabolites of flavanols: hydroxyvaleric acid and hydroxyvalerolactone derivatives. Overall, several epicatechin and phenolic acid metabolites both of tissular and microbiota origin were the most representative markers of FB consumption. To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies where an untargeted LC-MS metabolomic approach has been applied in nutrition research on a grape-derived FB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olha Khymenets
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Lab., Department of Nutrition and Food Science, XaRTA, INSA, Campus Torribera, Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Henquet MGL, Roelse M, de Vos RCH, Schipper A, Polder G, de Ruijter NCA, Hall RD, Jongsma MA. Metabolomics meets functional assays: coupling LC-MS and microfluidic cell-based receptor-ligand analyses. Metabolomics 2016; 12:115. [PMID: 27398080 PMCID: PMC4917570 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-016-1057-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolomics has become a valuable tool in many research areas. However, generating metabolomics-based biochemical profiles without any related bioactivity is only of indirect value in understanding a biological process. Therefore, metabolomics research could greatly benefit from tools that directly determine the bioactivity of the detected compounds. OBJECTIVE We aimed to combine LC-MS metabolomics with a cell based receptor assay. This combination could increase the understanding of biological processes and may provide novel opportunities for functional metabolomics. METHODS We developed a flow through biosensor with human cells expressing both the TRPV1, a calcium ion channel which responds to capsaicin, and the fluorescent intracellular calcium ion reporter, YC3.6. We have analysed three contrasting Capsicum varieties. Two were selected with contrasting degrees of spiciness for characterization by HPLC coupled to high mass resolution MS. Subsequently, the biosensor was then used to link individual pepper compounds with TRPV1 activity. RESULTS Among the compounds in the crude pepper fruit extracts, we confirmed capsaicin and also identified both nordihydrocapsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin as true agonists of the TRPV1 receptor. Furthermore, the biosensor was able to detect receptor activity in extracts of both Capsicum fruits as well as a commercial product. Sensitivity of the biosensor to this commercial product was similar to the sensory threshold of a human sensory panel. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that the TRPV1 biosensor is suitable for detecting bioactive metabolites. Novel opportunities may lie in the development of a continuous functional assay, where the biosensor is directly coupled to the LC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. G. L. Henquet
- BU Bioscience, WageningenUR, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M. Roelse
- BU Bioscience, WageningenUR, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, WageningenUR, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - R. C. H. de Vos
- BU Bioscience, WageningenUR, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Einsteinweg 55, 3335 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A. Schipper
- BU Bioscience, WageningenUR, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - G. Polder
- BU Bioscience, WageningenUR, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - N. C. A. de Ruijter
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, WageningenUR, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - R. D. Hall
- BU Bioscience, WageningenUR, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Einsteinweg 55, 3335 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, WageningenUR, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M. A. Jongsma
- BU Bioscience, WageningenUR, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Kurth C, Welling M, Pohnert G. Sulfated phenolic acids from Dasycladales siphonous green algae. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 117:417-423. [PMID: 26188914 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sulfated aromatic acids play a central role as mediators of chemical interactions and physiological processes in marine algae and seagrass. Among others, Dasycladus vermicularis (Scopoli) Krasser 1898 uses a sulfated hydroxylated coumarin derivative as storage metabolite for a protein cross linker that can be activated upon mechanical disruption of the alga. We introduce a comprehensive monitoring technique for sulfated metabolites based on fragmentation patterns in liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and applied it to Dasycladales. This allowed the identification of two new aromatic sulfate esters 4-(sulfooxy)phenylacetic acid and 4-(sulfooxy)benzoic acid. The two metabolites were synthesized to prove the mass spectrometry-based structure elucidation in co-injections. We show that both metabolites are transformed to the corresponding desulfated phenols by sulfatases of bacteria. In biofouling experiments with Escherichia coli and Vibrio natriegens the desulfated forms were more active than the sulfated ones. Sulfatation might thus represent a measure of detoxification that enables the algae to store inactive forms of metabolites that are activated by settling organisms and then act as defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Kurth
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Bioorganic Analytics, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Matthew Welling
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Bioorganic Analytics, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Georg Pohnert
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Bioorganic Analytics, Lessingstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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van der Pijl PC, Foltz M, Glube ND, Peters S, Duchateau GS. Pharmacokinetics of black tea-derived phenolic acids in plasma. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Vaniya A, Fiehn O. Using fragmentation trees and mass spectral trees for identifying unknown compounds in metabolomics. Trends Analyt Chem 2015; 69:52-61. [PMID: 26213431 PMCID: PMC4509603 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Identification of unknown metabolites is the bottleneck in advancing metabolomics, leaving interpretation of metabolomics results ambiguous. The chemical diversity of metabolism is vast, making structure identification arduous and time consuming. Currently, comprehensive analysis of mass spectra in metabolomics is limited to library matching, but tandem mass spectral libraries are small compared to the large number of compounds found in the biosphere, including xenobiotics. Resolving this bottleneck requires richer data acquisition and better computational tools. Multi-stage mass spectrometry (MSn) trees show promise to aid in this regard. Fragmentation trees explore the fragmentation process, generate fragmentation rules and aid in sub-structure identification, while mass spectral trees delineate the dependencies in multi-stage MS of collision-induced dissociations. This review covers advancements over the past 10 years as a tool for metabolite identification, including algorithms, software and databases used to build and to implement fragmentation trees and mass spectral annotations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpana Vaniya
- University of California Davis, Department of Chemistry, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- University of California Davis, West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- University of California Davis, West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- King Abdulaziz University, Biochemistry Department, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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70
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van der Hooft JJJ, Ridder L, Barrett MP, Burgess KEV. Enhanced acylcarnitine annotation in high-resolution mass spectrometry data: fragmentation analysis for the classification and annotation of acylcarnitines. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015; 3:26. [PMID: 25806366 PMCID: PMC4353373 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolite annotation and identification are primary challenges in untargeted metabolomics experiments. Rigorous workflows for reliable annotation of mass features with chemical structures or compound classes are needed to enhance the power of untargeted mass spectrometry. High-resolution mass spectrometry considerably improves the confidence in assigning elemental formulas to mass features in comparison to nominal mass spectrometry, and embedding of fragmentation methods enables more reliable metabolite annotations and facilitates metabolite classification. However, the analysis of mass fragmentation spectra can be a time-consuming step and requires expert knowledge. This study demonstrates how characteristic fragmentations, specific to compound classes, can be used to systematically analyze their presence in complex biological extracts like urine that have undergone untargeted mass spectrometry combined with data dependent or targeted fragmentation. Human urine extracts were analyzed using normal phase liquid chromatography (hydrophilic interaction chromatography) coupled to an Ion Trap-Orbitrap hybrid instrument. Subsequently, mass chromatograms and collision-induced dissociation and higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD) fragments were annotated using the freely available MAGMa software1. Acylcarnitines play a central role in energy metabolism by transporting fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix. By filtering on a combination of a mass fragment and neutral loss designed based on the MAGMa fragment annotations, we were able to classify and annotate 50 acylcarnitines in human urine extracts, based on high-resolution mass spectrometry HCD fragmentation spectra at different energies for all of them. Of these annotated acylcarnitines, 31 are not described in HMDB yet and for only 4 annotated acylcarnitines the fragmentation spectra could be matched to reference spectra. Therefore, we conclude that the use of mass fragmentation filters within the context of untargeted metabolomics experiments is a valuable tool to enhance the annotation of small metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lars Ridder
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University and Research Centre , Wageningen , Netherlands
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71
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Díaz-Rubio ME, Pérez-Jiménez J, Martínez-Bartolomé MÁ, Álvarez I, Saura-Calixto F. Regular consumption of an antioxidant-rich juice improves oxidative status and causes metabolome changes in healthy adults. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 70:9-14. [PMID: 25481643 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-014-0455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An improvement in oxidative status is associated with a reduction in the incidence of several chronic diseases. However, daily intake of antioxidants in Western diets is decreasing. This study evaluates the effect of daily consumption of an antioxidant-rich juice (ARJ) on oxidative status, cardiovascular disease risk parameters, and untargeted plasma and urine metabolomes. Twenty-eight healthy young adults participated in an 8-week clinical trial by drinking 200 mL of ARJ (pomegranate and grape) daily. At the end of the study, the subjects showed a significant decrease (-29%) in plasma lipid oxidation (malondialdehyde concentration), and a significant increase (+115%) in plasma antioxidant capacity. Plasma and urine metabolomes were also significantly modified and some ions modified in urine were identified, including metabolites of polyphenols, ascorbic acid and biliary acids. No significant changes were observed in lipid profile, inflammation, blood pressure or glycaemia. These results show that incorporating antioxidant-rich beverages into common diets may improve oxidative status in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elena Díaz-Rubio
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Jose Antonio Novais, 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Emwas AHM, Al-Talla ZA, Kharbatia NM. Sample collection and preparation of biofluids and extracts for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1277:75-90. [PMID: 25677148 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2377-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To maximize the utility of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in metabonomics research, all stages of the experimental design should be standardized, including sample collection, storage, preparation, and sample separation. Moreover, the prerequisite for any GC-MS analysis is that a compound must be volatile and thermally stable if it is to be analyzed using this technique. Since many metabolites are nonvolatile and polar in nature, they are not readily amenable to analysis by GC-MS and require initial chemical derivatization of the polar functional groups in order to reduce the polarity and to increase the thermal stability and volatility of the analytes. In this chapter, an overview is presented of the optimum approach to sample collection, storage, and preparation for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabonomics with particular focus on urine samples as example of biofluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Hamid M Emwas
- NMR Core Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Room 0149, 23955-6900, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,
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73
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Larive CK, Barding GA, Dinges MM. NMR spectroscopy for metabolomics and metabolic profiling. Anal Chem 2014; 87:133-46. [PMID: 25375201 DOI: 10.1021/ac504075g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia K Larive
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside , Riverside, California 92521, United States
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Neshchadin D, Batchelor SN, Bilkis I, Gescheidt G. Short-lived Phenoxyl Radicals Formed from Green-Tea Polyphenols and Highly Reactive Oxygen Species: An Investigation by Time-Resolved EPR Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13288-92. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201407995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Neshchadin D, Batchelor SN, Bilkis I, Gescheidt G. Kurzlebige Phenoxylradikale aus Polyphenolen des Grünen Tees und hochreaktiven Sauerstoffspezies: Detektion mittels zeitauflösender EPR-Spektroskopie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201407995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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76
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Bioavailability, bioactivity and impact on health of dietary flavonoids and related compounds: an update. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:1803-53. [PMID: 25182418 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1330-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is substantial interest in the role of plant secondary metabolites as protective dietary agents. In particular, the involvement of flavonoids and related compounds has become a major topic in human nutrition research. Evidence from epidemiological and human intervention studies is emerging regarding the protective effects of various (poly)phenol-rich foods against several chronic diseases, including neurodegeneration, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, the use of HPLC-MS for the analysis of flavonoids and related compounds in foods and biological samples has significantly enhanced our understanding of (poly)phenol bioavailability. These advancements have also led to improvements in the available food composition and metabolomic databases, and consequently in the development of biomarkers of (poly)phenol intake to use in epidemiological studies. Efforts to create adequate standardised materials and well-matched controls to use in randomised controlled trials have also improved the quality of the available data. In vitro investigations using physiologically achievable concentrations of (poly)phenol metabolites and catabolites with appropriate model test systems have provided new and interesting insights on potential mechanisms of actions. This article will summarise recent findings on the bioavailability and biological activity of (poly)phenols, focusing on the epidemiological and clinical evidence of beneficial effects of flavonoids and related compounds on urinary tract infections, cognitive function and age-related cognitive decline, cancer and cardiovascular disease.
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Gasper A, Hollands W, Casgrain A, Saha S, Teucher B, Dainty JR, Venema DP, Hollman PC, Rein MJ, Nelson R, Williamson G, Kroon PA. Consumption of both low and high (-)-epicatechin apple puree attenuates platelet reactivity and increases plasma concentrations of nitric oxide metabolites: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 559:29-37. [PMID: 24929184 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesised that consumption of flavanol-containing apple puree would modulate platelet activity and increase nitric oxide metabolite status, and that high flavanol apple puree would exert a greater effect than low flavanol apple puree. 25 subjects consumed 230 g of apple puree containing 25 and 100mg epicatechin (low and high flavanol apple puree, respectively) and aspirin (75 mg) in random order. Measurements were made at baseline, acutely after treatment (2, 6 and 24 h), and after 14 d of treatment. Low flavanol apple puree significantly attenuated ADP and epinephrine-induced integrin-β3 expression 2 h and 6 h after consumption and ADP and epinephrine-induced P-selectin expression within 2h of consumption. High flavanol apple puree attenuated epinephrine and ADP-induced integrin-β3 expression after 2 and 6h. ADP and epinephrine-induced integrin-β3 expression was significantly attenuated 2, 6 and 24 h after consumption of aspirin, whilst 14 d aspirin consumption attenuated collagen-induced P-selectin expression only. The plasma total nitric oxide metabolite conc. was significantly increased 6h after consumption of both low and high flavanol apple purees. In conclusion, consumption of apple purees containing ⩾25 or 100 mg flavanols transiently attenuated ex vivo integrin-β3 and P-selectin expression and increased plasma nitric oxide metabolite conc. in healthy subjects, but the effect was not enhanced for the high flavanol apple puree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Gasper
- Food and Health Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Wendy Hollands
- Food and Health Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Amelie Casgrain
- Food and Health Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Shikha Saha
- Food and Health Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Birgit Teucher
- Food and Health Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Jack R Dainty
- Food and Health Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Dini P Venema
- RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter C Hollman
- RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarit J Rein
- Nestle Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Nelson
- Nestle Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Gary Williamson
- Nestle Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland; School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Paul A Kroon
- Food and Health Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
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Scalbert A, Brennan L, Manach C, Andres-Lacueva C, Dragsted LO, Draper J, Rappaport SM, van der Hooft JJJ, Wishart DS. The food metabolome: a window over dietary exposure. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 99:1286-308. [PMID: 24760973 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.076133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The food metabolome is defined as the part of the human metabolome directly derived from the digestion and biotransformation of foods and their constituents. With >25,000 compounds known in various foods, the food metabolome is extremely complex, with a composition varying widely according to the diet. By its very nature it represents a considerable and still largely unexploited source of novel dietary biomarkers that could be used to measure dietary exposures with a high level of detail and precision. Most dietary biomarkers currently have been identified on the basis of our knowledge of food compositions by using hypothesis-driven approaches. However, the rapid development of metabolomics resulting from the development of highly sensitive modern analytic instruments, the availability of metabolite databases, and progress in (bio)informatics has made agnostic approaches more attractive as shown by the recent identification of novel biomarkers of intakes for fruit, vegetables, beverages, meats, or complex diets. Moreover, examples also show how the scrutiny of the food metabolome can lead to the discovery of bioactive molecules and dietary factors associated with diseases. However, researchers still face hurdles, which slow progress and need to be resolved to bring this emerging field of research to maturity. These limits were discussed during the First International Workshop on the Food Metabolome held in Glasgow. Key recommendations made during the workshop included more coordination of efforts; development of new databases, software tools, and chemical libraries for the food metabolome; and shared repositories of metabolomic data. Once achieved, major progress can be expected toward a better understanding of the complex interactions between diet and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustin Scalbert
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (AS); University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (LB); the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); Clermont University, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CA-L); the University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark (LOD); Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom (JD); the University of California, Berkeley, CA (SMR); the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (JJJvdH); and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (DSW)
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (AS); University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (LB); the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); Clermont University, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CA-L); the University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark (LOD); Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom (JD); the University of California, Berkeley, CA (SMR); the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (JJJvdH); and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (DSW)
| | - Claudine Manach
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (AS); University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (LB); the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); Clermont University, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CA-L); the University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark (LOD); Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom (JD); the University of California, Berkeley, CA (SMR); the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (JJJvdH); and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (DSW)
| | - Cristina Andres-Lacueva
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (AS); University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (LB); the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); Clermont University, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CA-L); the University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark (LOD); Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom (JD); the University of California, Berkeley, CA (SMR); the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (JJJvdH); and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (DSW)
| | - Lars O Dragsted
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (AS); University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (LB); the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); Clermont University, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CA-L); the University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark (LOD); Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom (JD); the University of California, Berkeley, CA (SMR); the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (JJJvdH); and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (DSW)
| | - John Draper
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (AS); University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (LB); the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); Clermont University, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CA-L); the University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark (LOD); Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom (JD); the University of California, Berkeley, CA (SMR); the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (JJJvdH); and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (DSW)
| | - Stephen M Rappaport
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (AS); University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (LB); the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); Clermont University, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CA-L); the University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark (LOD); Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom (JD); the University of California, Berkeley, CA (SMR); the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (JJJvdH); and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (DSW)
| | - Justin J J van der Hooft
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (AS); University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (LB); the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); Clermont University, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CA-L); the University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark (LOD); Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom (JD); the University of California, Berkeley, CA (SMR); the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (JJJvdH); and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (DSW)
| | - David S Wishart
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (AS); University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (LB); the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); Clermont University, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CA-L); the University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark (LOD); Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom (JD); the University of California, Berkeley, CA (SMR); the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (JJJvdH); and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (DSW)
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79
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Ridder L, van der Hooft JJJ, Verhoeven S, de Vos RCH, Vervoort J, Bino RJ. In silico prediction and automatic LC-MS(n) annotation of green tea metabolites in urine. Anal Chem 2014; 86:4767-74. [PMID: 24779709 DOI: 10.1021/ac403875b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The colonic breakdown and human biotransformation of small molecules present in food can give rise to a large variety of potentially bioactive metabolites in the human body. However, the absence of reference data for many of these components limits their identification in complex biological samples, such as plasma and urine. We present an in silico workflow for automatic chemical annotation of metabolite profiling data from liquid chromatography coupled with multistage accurate mass spectrometry (LC-MS(n)), which we used to systematically screen for the presence of tea-derived metabolites in human urine samples after green tea consumption. Reaction rules for intestinal degradation and human biotransformation were systematically applied to chemical structures of 75 green tea components, resulting in a virtual library of 27,245 potential metabolites. All matching precursor ions in the urine LC-MS(n) data sets, as well as the corresponding fragment ions, were automatically annotated by in silico generated (sub)structures. The results were evaluated based on 74 previously identified urinary metabolites and lead to the putative identification of 26 additional green tea-derived metabolites. A total of 77% of all annotated metabolites were not present in the Pubchem database, demonstrating the benefit of in silico metabolite prediction for the automatic annotation of yet unknown metabolites in LC-MS(n) data from nutritional metabolite profiling experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Ridder
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University , Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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80
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Pimpão RC, Dew T, Figueira ME, McDougall GJ, Stewart D, Ferreira RB, Santos CN, Williamson G. Urinary metabolite profiling identifies novel colonic metabolites and conjugates of phenolics in healthy volunteers. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:1414-25. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui C. Pimpão
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e BiológicaUniversidade Nova de LisboaAv. da RepúblicaEAN Oeiras Portugal
| | - Tristan Dew
- School of Food Science and NutritionUniversity of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - Maria E. Figueira
- iMed‐UL and Faculdade de FarmáciaUniversidade de LisboaAv. Prof. Gama Pinto Lisboa Portugal
| | | | - Derek Stewart
- The James Hutton Institute Scotland UK
- Bioforsk – Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research Tromso Norway
| | - Ricardo B. Ferreira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e BiológicaUniversidade Nova de LisboaAv. da RepúblicaEAN Oeiras Portugal
- Instituto Superior de AgronomiaUniversidade de LisboaTapada da Ajuda Lisboa Portugal
| | - Claudia N. Santos
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e BiológicaUniversidade Nova de LisboaAv. da RepúblicaEAN Oeiras Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica Oeiras Portugal
| | - Gary Williamson
- School of Food Science and NutritionUniversity of Leeds Leeds UK
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81
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van Duynhoven J, van der Hooft JJJ, van Dorsten FA, Peters S, Foltz M, Gomez-Roldan V, Vervoort J, de Vos RCH, Jacobs DM. Rapid and Sustained Systemic Circulation of Conjugated Gut Microbial Catabolites after Single-Dose Black Tea Extract Consumption. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:2668-78. [DOI: 10.1021/pr5001253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John van Duynhoven
- Unilever
Discover Vlaardingen, Olivier van Noortlaan 120, 3133 AT Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory
of Biophysics and Wageningen NMR Centre, Wageningen University, 6700 ET Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Justin J. J. van der Hooft
- Laboratory
of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, 6700 ET Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ferdinand A. van Dorsten
- Unilever
Discover Vlaardingen, Olivier van Noortlaan 120, 3133 AT Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja Peters
- Unilever
Discover Vlaardingen, Olivier van Noortlaan 120, 3133 AT Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Foltz
- Unilever
Discover Vlaardingen, Olivier van Noortlaan 120, 3133 AT Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | - Victoria Gomez-Roldan
- Plant Research International, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
- Centre for Biosystems Genomics, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques Vervoort
- Laboratory
of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, 6700 ET Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ric C. H. de Vos
- Plant Research International, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
- Centre for Biosystems Genomics, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Doris M. Jacobs
- Unilever
Discover Vlaardingen, Olivier van Noortlaan 120, 3133 AT Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
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82
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Gathungu RM, Bird SS, Sheldon DP, Kautz R, Vouros P, Matson WR, Kristal BS. Identification of metabolites from liquid chromatography-coulometric array detection profiling: gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and refractionation provide essential information orthogonal to LC-MS/microNMR. Anal Biochem 2014; 454:23-32. [PMID: 24657819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2014.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography-coulometric array detection (LC-EC) is a sensitive, quantitative, and robust metabolomics profiling tool that complements the commonly used mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based approaches. However, LC-EC provides little structural information. We recently demonstrated a workflow for the structural characterization of metabolites detected by LC-EC profiling combined with LC-electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS and microNMR. This methodology is now extended to include (i) gas chromatography (GC)-electron ionization (EI)-MS analysis to fill structural gaps left by LC-ESI-MS and NMR and (ii) secondary fractionation of LC-collected fractions containing multiple coeluting analytes. GC-EI-MS spectra have more informative fragment ions that are reproducible for database searches. Secondary fractionation provides enhanced metabolite characterization by reducing spectral overlap in NMR and ion suppression in LC-ESI-MS. The need for these additional methods in the analysis of the broad chemical classes and concentration ranges found in plasma is illustrated with discussion of four specific examples: (i) characterization of compounds for which one or more of the detectors is insensitive (e.g., positional isomers in LC-MS, the direct detection of carboxylic groups and sulfonic groups in (1)H NMR, or nonvolatile species in GC-MS), (ii) detection of labile compounds, (iii) resolution of closely eluting and/or coeluting compounds, and (iv) the capability to harness structural similarities common in many biologically related, LC-EC-detectable compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose M Gathungu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Susan S Bird
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Diane P Sheldon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Roger Kautz
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Paul Vouros
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Bruce S Kristal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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84
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Zhu Y, Shurlknight KL, Chen X, Sang S. Identification and pharmacokinetics of novel alkylresorcinol metabolites in human urine, new candidate biomarkers for whole-grain wheat and rye intake. J Nutr 2014; 144:114-22. [PMID: 24259554 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.184663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers of dietary intake are prominent tools in nutritional research. The alkylresorcinol metabolites 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,5-DHBA) and 3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid (3,5-DHPPA) have been proposed as exposure biomarkers of whole-grain (WG) wheat and rye intake. However, the profile of alkylresorcinol metabolites is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the metabolism of alkylresorcinols in mice and in humans, while further determining urinary pharmacokinetics of the novel alkylresorcinol metabolites to explore their potential as biomarkers of WG wheat intake. Utilization of the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry approach resulted in 10 alkylresorcinol metabolites identified in mice and in humans, including 3 phenolic acids and 7 of their phase II conjugates. Among them, 2 novel metabolites were discovered: 5-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)pentanoic acid (3,5-DHPPTA) and 2-(3,5-dihydroxybenzamido)acetic acid (3,5-DHBA glycine). The structures of these 2 metabolites were confirmed by comparing with authentic standards synthesized in-house. In the pharmacokinetic study, a group of 12 volunteers consumed a polyphenolic-restricted diet for 4 d before ingesting WG wheat bread containing 61 mg of alkylresorcinols. Urine samples were collected for 32 h, and alkylresorcinol metabolites were quantified with HPLC-coulometric electrode array detection. The mean urinary excretion rates and mean apparent half-life of 3,5-DHPPTA, 3,5-DHBA glycine, 3,5-DHBA, and 3,5-DHPPA at each time point were determined. Our results suggest that 3,5-DHPPTA and 3,5-DHBA glycine may be used in combination with 3,5-DHBA and 3,5-DHPPA as potential biomarkers to increase the accuracy of recording WG wheat and rye intake in epidemiologic studies. Further validation of 3,5-DHPPTA and 3,5-DHBA glycine as potential biomarkers is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdong Zhu
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Kannapolis, NC
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85
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Pekkinen J, Rosa NN, Savolainen OI, Keski-Rahkonen P, Mykkänen H, Poutanen K, Micard V, Hanhineva K. Disintegration of wheat aleurone structure has an impact on the bioavailability of phenolic compounds and other phytochemicals as evidenced by altered urinary metabolite profile of diet-induced obese mice. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2014; 11:1. [PMID: 24383425 PMCID: PMC3891979 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-11-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenolic acids are covalently bound to the arabinoxylan fibre matrix of wheat aleurone layer. In order to be bioavailable they need to be released by endogenous or bacterial enzymes and absorbed within the intestinal lumen. The intestinal microbiota can metabolize phenolic acids and other food-born phytochemicals. However, the effect of structure of the cereal bran or aleurone layer on these processes is not comprehensively studied. METHODS The structure of aleurone layer was modified either by dry-grinding or by enzymatic treatments with xylanase alone or in combination with feruloyl esterase. Diet induced obese C57BL6/J mice were fed with high-fat diets containing either pure ferulic acid, or one of the four differentially treated aleurone preparations for 8 weeks. The diets were designed to be isocaloric and to have similar macronutrient composition. The urinary metabolite profiles were investigated using non-targeted LC-qTOF-MS-metabolomics approach. RESULTS The different dietary groups were clearly separated in the principal component analysis. Enzymatic processing of aleurone caused increased excretion of ferulic acid sulfate and glycine conjugates reflecting the increase in unbound form of readily soluble ferulic acid in the diet. The urinary metabolite profile of the diet groups containing native and cryo-ground aleurone was more intense with metabolites derived from microbial processing including hippuric acid, hydroxyl- and dihydroxyphenylpropionic acids. Furthermore, aleurone induced specific fingerprint on the urinary metabolite profile seen as excretion of benzoxazinoid metabolites, several small dicarboyxlic acids, and various small nitrogen containing compounds. CONCLUSIONS The structural modifications on wheat aleurone fraction resulted in altered metabolism of aleurone derived phenolic acids and other phytochemicals excreted in urine of diet-induced obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Pekkinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P,O, Box 1627, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland.
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86
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Clifford MN, van der Hooft JJJ, Crozier A. Human studies on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of tea polyphenols. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 98:1619S-1630S. [PMID: 24172307 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.058958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research on the bioavailability of flavan-3-ols after ingestion of green tea by humans is reviewed. Glucuronide, sulfate, and methyl metabolites of (epi)catechin and (epi)gallocatechin glucuronide reach peak nanomolar per liter plasma concentrations 1.6-2.3 h after intake, indicating absorption in the small intestine. The concentrations then decline, and only trace amounts remain 8 h after ingestion. Urinary excretion of metabolites over a 24-h period after green tea consumption corresponded to 28.5% of the ingested (epi)catechin and 11.4% of (epi)gallocatechin, suggesting higher absorption than that of most other flavonoids. The fate of (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate, the main flavan-3-ol in green tea, is unclear because it appears unmetabolized in low concentrations in plasma but is not excreted in urine. Possible enterohepatic recirculation of flavan-3-ols is discussed along with the impact of dose and other food components on flavan-3-ol bioavailability. Approximately two-thirds of the ingested flavan-3-ols pass from the small to the large intestine where the action of the microbiota results in their conversion to C-6-C-5 phenylvalerolactones and phenylvaleric acids, which undergo side-chain shortening to produce C-6-C-1 phenolic and aromatic acids that enter the bloodstream and are excreted in urine in amounts equivalent to 36% of flavan-3-ol intake. Some of these colon-derived catabolites may have a role in vivo in the potential protective effects of tea consumption. Although black tea, which contains theaflavins and thearubigins, is widely consumed in the Western world, there is surprisingly little research on the absorption and metabolism of these compounds after ingestion and their potential impact on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N Clifford
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom (MNC); and the School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (JJJvdH and AC)
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87
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van Duynhoven J, Vaughan EE, van Dorsten F, Gomez-Roldan V, de Vos R, Vervoort J, van der Hooft JJJ, Roger L, Draijer R, Jacobs DM. Interactions of black tea polyphenols with human gut microbiota: implications for gut and cardiovascular health. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 98:1631S-1641S. [PMID: 24172295 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.058263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have convincingly associated consumption of black tea with reduced cardiovascular risk. Research on the bioactive molecules has traditionally been focused on polyphenols, such as catechins. Black tea polyphenols (BTPs), however, mainly consist of high-molecular-weight species that predominantly persist in the colon. There, they can undergo a wide range of bioconversions by the resident colonic microbiota but can in turn also modulate gut microbial diversity. The impact of BTPs on colon microbial composition can now be assessed by microbiomics technologies. Novel metabolomics platforms coupled to de novo identification are currently available to cover the large diversity of BTP bioconversions by the gut microbiota. Nutrikinetic modeling has been proven to be critical for defining nutritional phenotypes related to gut microbial bioconversion capacity. The bioactivity of circulating metabolites has been studied only to a certain extent. Bioassays dedicated to specific aspects of gut and cardiovascular health have been used, although often at physiologically irrelevant concentrations and with limited coverage of relevant metabolite classes and their conjugated forms. Evidence for cardiovascular benefits of BTPs points toward antiinflammatory and blood pressure-lowering properties and improvement in platelet and endothelial function for specific microbial bioconversion products. Clearly, more work is needed to fill in existing knowledge gaps and to assess the in vitro and in vivo bioactivity of known and newly identified BTP metabolites. It is also of interest to assess how phenotypic variation in gut microbial BTP bioconversion capacity relates to gut and cardiovascular health predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- John van Duynhoven
- From Unilever Discover Vlaardingen, Vlaardingen, Netherlands (JvD, EEV, FvD, LR, RD, and DMJ); the Laboratory of Biophysics and Wageningen NMR Centre (JvD and JV), and the Laboratory of Biochemistry (JV and JJJvdH), Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands; Plant Research International, Wageningen, Netherlands (VG-R, RdV, and JJJvdH); the Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden, Netherlands (JvD, FvD, RdV, JV, JJJvdH, and DMJ); and the Centre for Biosystems Genomics, Wageningen, Netherlands (RdV and VG-R)
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89
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Mihaleva VV, te Beek TAH, van Zimmeren F, Moco S, Laatikainen R, Niemitz M, Korhonen SP, van Driel MA, Vervoort J. MetIDB: A Publicly Accessible Database of Predicted and Experimental 1H NMR Spectra of Flavonoids. Anal Chem 2013; 85:8700-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac4016837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Velitchka V. Mihaleva
- Laboratory
of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tim A. H. te Beek
- Netherlands Bioinformatics Centre, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Centre
for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (CMBI), Nijmegen Centre
for Molecular Life Sciences (NCMLS), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6525GA, Geert Grooteplein 26, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank van Zimmeren
- Laboratory
of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sofia Moco
- Laboratory
of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Biosystems and Genomics, POB 98, 6700 AB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Marc A. van Driel
- Netherlands Bioinformatics Centre, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques Vervoort
- Laboratory
of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Centre for Biosystems and Genomics, POB 98, 6700 AB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Biological significance of urolithins, the gut microbial ellagic Acid-derived metabolites: the evidence so far. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:270418. [PMID: 23781257 PMCID: PMC3679724 DOI: 10.1155/2013/270418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The health benefits attributed to pomegranate have been associated with its high content in polyphenols, particularly ellagitannins. This is also the case for other ellagitannin-containing fruits and nuts including strawberry, raspberry, blackberry, walnuts, and muscadine grapes. The bioavailability of ellagitannins and ellagic acid is however very low. These molecules suffer extensive metabolism by the gut microbiota to produce urolithins that are much better absorbed. Urolithins circulate in plasma as glucuronide and sulfate conjugates at concentrations in the range of 0.2–20 μM. It is therefore conceivable that the health effects of ellagitannin-containing products can be associated with these gut-produced urolithins, and thus the evaluation of the biological effects of these metabolites is essential. Recent research, mostly based on in vitro testing, has shown preliminary evidence of the anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antiglycative, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects of urolithins, supporting their potential contribution to the health effects attributed to pomegranate and ellagitannin-rich foods. The number of in vivo studies is still limited, but they show preventive effects of urolithins on gut and systemic inflammation that encourage further research. Both in vivo and mechanistic studies are necessary to clarify the health effects of these metabolites. Attention should be paid when designing these mechanistic studies in order to use the physiologically relevant metabolites (urolithins in gut models and their conjugated derivatives in systemic models) at concentrations that can be reached in vivo.
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CASMI-The Small Molecule Identification Process from a Birmingham Perspective. Metabolites 2013; 3:397-411. [PMID: 24957998 PMCID: PMC3901277 DOI: 10.3390/metabo3020397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Critical Assessment of Small Molecule Identification (CASMI) contest was developed to provide a systematic comparative evaluation of strategies applied for the annotation and identification of small molecules. The authors participated in eleven challenges in both category 1 (to deduce a molecular formula) and category 2 (to deduce a molecular structure) related to high resolution LC-MS data. For category 1 challenges, the PUTMEDID_LCMS workflows provided the correct molecular formula in nine challenges; the two incorrect submissions were related to a larger mass error in experimental data than expected or the absence of the correct molecular formula in a reference file applied in the PUTMEDID_LCMS workflows. For category 2 challenges, MetFrag was applied to construct in silico fragmentation data and compare with experimentally-derived MS/MS data. The submissions for three challenges were correct, and for eight challenges, the submissions were not correct; some submissions showed similarity to the correct structures, while others showed no similarity. The low number of correct submissions for category 2 was a result of applying the assumption that all chemicals were derived from biological samples and highlights the importance of knowing the origin of biological or chemical samples studied and the metabolites expected to be present to define the correct chemical space to search in annotation processes.
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O'Gorman A, Gibbons H, Brennan L. Metabolomics in the identification of biomarkers of dietary intake. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2013; 4:e201301004. [PMID: 24688686 PMCID: PMC3962097 DOI: 10.5936/csbj.201301004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional methods for assessing dietary exposure can be unreliable, with under reporting one of the main problems. In an attempt to overcome such problems there is increasing interest in identifying biomarkers of dietary intake to provide a more accurate measurement. Metabolomics is an analytical technique that aims to identify and quantify small metabolites. Recently, there has been an increased interest in the application of metabolomics coupled with statistical analysis for the identification of dietary biomarkers, with a number of putative biomarkers identified. This minireview focuses on metabolomics based approaches and highlights some of the key successes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife O'Gorman
- UCD Conway Institute, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland ; UCD Institute of Food and Health, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helena Gibbons
- UCD Conway Institute, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland ; UCD Institute of Food and Health, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- UCD Conway Institute, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland ; UCD Institute of Food and Health, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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93
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Rogers ML, Boutelle MG. Real-time clinical monitoring of biomolecules. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2013; 6:427-453. [PMID: 23772662 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.anchem.111808.073648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Continuous monitoring of clinical biomarkers offers the exciting possibility of new therapies that use biomarker levels to guide treatment in real time. This review explores recent progress toward this goal. We initially consider measurements in body fluids by a range of analytical methods. We then discuss direct tissue measurements performed by implanted sensors; sampling techniques, including microdialysis and ultrafiltration; and noninvasive methods. A future directions section considers analytical methods at the cusp of clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Rogers
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
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Ridder L, van der Hooft JJJ, Verhoeven S, de Vos RCH, van Schaik R, Vervoort J. Substructure-based annotation of high-resolution multistage MS(n) spectral trees. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2012; 26:2461-71. [PMID: 22976213 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE High-resolution multistage MS(n) data contains detailed information that can be used for structural elucidation of compounds observed in metabolomics studies. However, full exploitation of this complex data requires significant analysis efforts by human experts. In silico methods currently used to support data annotation by assigning substructures of candidate molecules are limited to a single level of MS fragmentation. METHODS We present an extended substructure-based approach which allows annotation of hierarchical spectral trees obtained from high-resolution multistage MS(n) experiments. The algorithm yields a hierarchical tree of substructures of a candidate molecule to explain the fragment peaks observed at consecutive levels of the multistage MS(n) spectral tree. A matching score is calculated that indicates how well the candidate structure can explain the observed hierarchical fragmentation pattern. RESULTS The method is applied to MS(n) spectral trees of a set of compounds representing important chemical classes in metabolomics. Based on the calculated score, the correct molecules were successfully prioritized among extensive sets of candidates structures retrieved from the PubChem database. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that the inclusion of subsequent levels of fragmentation in the automatic annotation of MS(n) data improves the identification of the correct compounds. We show that, especially in the case of lower mass accuracy, this improvement is not only due to the inclusion of additional fragment ions in the analysis, but also to the specific hierarchical information present in the MS(n) spectral trees. This method may significantly reduce the time required by MS experts to analyze complex MS(n) data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Ridder
- Netherlands eScience Center, Science Park 140, 1098 XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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