51
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Tipping WJ, Lee M, Serrels A, Brunton VG, Hulme AN. Stimulated Raman scattering microscopy: an emerging tool for drug discovery. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:2075-89. [PMID: 26839248 PMCID: PMC4839273 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00693g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Optical microscopy techniques have emerged as a cornerstone of biomedical research, capable of probing the cellular functions of a vast range of substrates, whilst being minimally invasive to the cells or tissues of interest. Incorporating biological imaging into the early stages of the drug discovery process can provide invaluable information about drug activity within complex disease models. Spontaneous Raman spectroscopy has been widely used as a platform for the study of cells and their components based on chemical composition; but slow acquisition rates, poor resolution and a lack of sensitivity have hampered further development. A new generation of stimulated Raman techniques is emerging which allows the imaging of cells, tissues and organisms at faster acquisition speeds, and with greater resolution and sensitivity than previously possible. This review focuses on the development of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), and covers the use of bioorthogonal tags to enhance sample detection, and recent applications of both spontaneous Raman and SRS as novel imaging platforms to facilitate the drug discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. J. Tipping
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , The University of Edinburgh , Joseph Black Building , David Brewster Road , Edinburgh , EH9 3FJ , UK .
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre , Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine , The University of Edinburgh , Crewe Road South , Edinburgh , EH4 2XR , UK
| | - M. Lee
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre , Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine , The University of Edinburgh , Crewe Road South , Edinburgh , EH4 2XR , UK
| | - A. Serrels
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre , Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine , The University of Edinburgh , Crewe Road South , Edinburgh , EH4 2XR , UK
| | - V. G. Brunton
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre , Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine , The University of Edinburgh , Crewe Road South , Edinburgh , EH4 2XR , UK
| | - A. N. Hulme
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , The University of Edinburgh , Joseph Black Building , David Brewster Road , Edinburgh , EH9 3FJ , UK .
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52
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Huleihel M, Shufan E, Zeiri L, Salman A. Detection of Vero Cells Infected with Herpes Simplex Types 1 and 2 and Varicella Zoster Viruses Using Raman Spectroscopy and Advanced Statistical Methods. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153599. [PMID: 27078266 PMCID: PMC4831712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Of the eight members of the herpes family of viruses, HSV1, HSV2, and varicella zoster are the most common and are mainly involved in cutaneous disorders. These viruses usually are not life-threatening, but in some cases they might cause serious infections to the eyes and the brain that can lead to blindness and possibly death. An effective drug (acyclovir and its derivatives) is available against these viruses. Therefore, early detection and identification of these viral infections is highly important for an effective treatment. Raman spectroscopy, which has been widely used in the past years in medicine and biology, was used as a powerful spectroscopic tool for the detection and identification of these viral infections in cell culture, due to its sensitivity, rapidity and reliability. Our results showed that it was possible to differentiate, with a 97% identification success rate, the uninfected Vero cells that served as a control, from the Vero cells that were infected with HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV. For that, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was performed on the Raman spectra after principal component analysis (PCA) with a leave one out (LOO) approach. Raman spectroscopy in tandem with PCA and LDA enable to differentiate among the different herpes viral infections of Vero cells in time span of few minutes with high accuracy rate. Understanding cell molecular changes due to herpes viral infections using Raman spectroscopy may help in early detection and effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Huleihel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- * E-mail: (AS); (MH)
| | - Elad Shufan
- Department of Physics, SCE- Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Leila Zeiri
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ahmad Salman
- Department of Physics, SCE- Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- * E-mail: (AS); (MH)
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53
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Naemat A, Elsheikha HM, Boitor RA, Notingher I. Tracing amino acid exchange during host-pathogen interaction by combined stable-isotope time-resolved Raman spectral imaging. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20811. [PMID: 26857158 PMCID: PMC4746650 DOI: 10.1038/srep20811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the temporal and spatial interchange of the aromatic amino acid phenylalanine (Phe) between human retinal pigment epithelial cell line (ARPE-19) and tachyzoites of the apicomplexan protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). Stable isotope labelling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) is combined with Raman micro-spectroscopy to selectively monitor the incorporation of deuterium-labelled Phe into proteins in individual live tachyzoites. Our results show a very rapid uptake of l-Phe(D8) by the intracellular growing parasite. T. gondii tachyzoites are capable of extracting l-Phe(D8) from host cells as soon as it invades the cell. l-Phe(D8) from the host cell completely replaces the l-Phe within T. gondii tachyzoites 7-9 hours after infection. A quantitative model based on Raman spectra allowed an estimation of the exchange rate of Phe as 0.5-1.6 × 10(4) molecules/s. On the other hand, extracellular tachyzoites were not able to consume l-Phe(D8) after 24 hours of infection. These findings further our understanding of the amino acid trafficking between host cells and this strictly intracellular parasite. In particular, this study highlights new aspects of the metabolism of amino acid Phe operative during the interaction between T. gondii and its host cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abida Naemat
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Hany M Elsheikha
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Radu A Boitor
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ioan Notingher
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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54
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Raman microscopy for cellular investigations--From single cell imaging to drug carrier uptake visualization. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 89:71-90. [PMID: 25728764 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Progress in advanced therapeutic concepts requires the development of appropriate carrier systems for intracellular drug delivery. Consequently, analysis of interaction between carriers, drugs and cells as well as their uptake and intracellular fate is a current focus of research interest. In this context, Raman spectroscopy recently became an emerging analytical technique, due to its non-destructive, chemically selective and label-free working principle. In this review, we briefly present the state-of-the-art technologies for cell visualization and drug internalization. Against this background, Raman microscopy is introduced as a versatile analytical technique. An overview of various Raman spectroscopy investigations in this field is given including interactions of cells with drug molecules, carrier systems and other nanomaterials. Further, Raman instrumentations and sample preparation methods are discussed. Finally, as the analytical limit is not reached yet, a future perspective for Raman microscopy in pharmaceutical and biomedical research on the single cell level is given.
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55
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Huser T, Chan J. Raman spectroscopy for physiological investigations of tissues and cells. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 89:57-70. [PMID: 26144996 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Raman micro-spectroscopy provides a convenient non-destructive and location-specific means of probing cellular physiology and tissue physiology at sub-micron length scales. By probing the vibrational signature of molecules and molecular groups, the distribution and metabolic products of small molecules that cannot be labeled with fluorescent dyes can be analyzed. This method works well for molecular concentrations in the micro-molar range and has been demonstrated as a valuable tool for monitoring drug-cell interactions. If the small molecule of interest does not contain groups that would allow for a discrimination against cytoplasmic background signals, "labeling" of the molecule by isotope substitution or by incorporating other unique small groups, e.g. alkynes provides a stable signal even for time-lapse imaging such compounds in living cells. In this review we highlight recent progress in assessing the physiology of cells and tissue by Raman spectroscopy and imaging.
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56
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A Review: Proteomics in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:15497-530. [PMID: 26184160 PMCID: PMC4519910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160715497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although radiotherapy is generally effective in the treatment of major nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), this treatment still makes approximately 20% of patients radioresistant. Therefore, the identification of blood or biopsy biomarkers that can predict the treatment response to radioresistance and that can diagnosis early stages of NPC would be highly useful to improve this situation. Proteomics is widely used in NPC for searching biomarkers and comparing differentially expressed proteins. In this review, an overview of proteomics with different samples related to NPC and common proteomics methods was made. In conclusion, identical proteins are sorted as follows: Keratin is ranked the highest followed by such proteins as annexin, heat shock protein, 14-3-3σ, nm-23 protein, cathepsin, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins, enolase, triosephosphate isomerase, stathmin, prohibitin, and vimentin. This ranking indicates that these proteins may be NPC-related proteins and have potential value for further studies.
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57
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Kubryk P, Kölschbach JS, Marozava S, Lueders T, Meckenstock RU, Niessner R, Ivleva NP. Exploring the Potential of Stable Isotope (Resonance) Raman Microspectroscopy and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering for the Analysis of Microorganisms at Single Cell Level. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6622-30. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Kubryk
- Technische Universität München, Institute
of Hydrochemistry, Chair for Analytical Chemistry, Marchioninistr. 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Janina S. Kölschbach
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Groundwater
Ecology, Ingolstädter
Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sviatlana Marozava
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Groundwater
Ecology, Ingolstädter
Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tillmann Lueders
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Groundwater
Ecology, Ingolstädter
Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rainer U. Meckenstock
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Groundwater
Ecology, Ingolstädter
Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Niessner
- Technische Universität München, Institute
of Hydrochemistry, Chair for Analytical Chemistry, Marchioninistr. 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Natalia P. Ivleva
- Technische Universität München, Institute
of Hydrochemistry, Chair for Analytical Chemistry, Marchioninistr. 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
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58
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Tracking heavy water (D2O) incorporation for identifying and sorting active microbial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 112:E194-203. [PMID: 25550518 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1420406112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities are essential to the function of virtually all ecosystems and eukaryotes, including humans. However, it is still a major challenge to identify microbial cells active under natural conditions in complex systems. In this study, we developed a new method to identify and sort active microbes on the single-cell level in complex samples using stable isotope probing with heavy water (D2O) combined with Raman microspectroscopy. Incorporation of D2O-derived D into the biomass of autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria and archaea could be unambiguously detected via C-D signature peaks in single-cell Raman spectra, and the obtained labeling pattern was confirmed by nanoscale-resolution secondary ion MS. In fast-growing Escherichia coli cells, label detection was already possible after 20 min. For functional analyses of microbial communities, the detection of D incorporation from D2O in individual microbial cells via Raman microspectroscopy can be directly combined with FISH for the identification of active microbes. Applying this approach to mouse cecal microbiota revealed that the host-compound foragers Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides acidifaciens exhibited distinctive response patterns to amendments of mucin and sugars. By Raman-based cell sorting of active (deuterated) cells with optical tweezers and subsequent multiple displacement amplification and DNA sequencing, novel cecal microbes stimulated by mucin and/or glucosamine were identified, demonstrating the potential of the nondestructive D2O-Raman approach for targeted sorting of microbial cells with defined functional properties for single-cell genomics.
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59
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Salman A, Shufan E, Zeiri L, Huleihel M. Characterization and detection of Vero cells infected with Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 using Raman spectroscopy and advanced statistical methods. Methods 2014; 68:364-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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60
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Nishiki-Muranishi N, Harada Y, Minamikawa T, Yamaoka Y, Dai P, Yaku H, Takamatsu T. Label-free evaluation of myocardial infarction and its repair by spontaneous Raman spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2014; 86:6903-10. [PMID: 24914734 DOI: 10.1021/ac500592y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy, which provides information about molecular species and structures of biomolecules via intrinsic molecular vibrations, can analyze physiological and pathological states of tissues on the basis of molecular constituents without staining. In this study, we analyzed Raman spectra of myocardial infarction and its repair in rats using the hypothesis that the myocardium in the course of myocardial infarction and its repair could be recognized by spontaneous Raman spectroscopy on the basis of chemical changes in myocardial tissues. Raman spectra were acquired from unfixed frozen cross sections of normal and infarcted heart tissues upon excitation at 532 nm. Raman spectra of the infarcted tissues were successfully obtained at characteristic time points: days 2, 5, and 21 after coronary ligation, at which the main components of the infarcted region were coagulation necrosis, granulation tissue, and fibrotic tissue, respectively. The latent variable weights calculated by a multivariate classification method, partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), revealed fundamental information about the spectral differences among the types of tissues on the basis of molecular constituents. A prediction model for the evaluation of these tissue types was established via PLS-DA. Cross-validated sensitivities of 99.3, 95.3, 96.4, and 91.3% and specificities of 99.4, 99.5, 96.5, and 98.3% were attained for the discrimination of normal, necrotic, granulation, and fibrotic tissue, respectively. A two-dimensional image of a marginal area of infarction was successfully visualized via PLS-DA. Our results demonstrated that spontaneous Raman spectroscopy combined with PLS-DA is a novel label-free method of evaluating myocardial infarction and its repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanae Nishiki-Muranishi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation and ‡Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , 465 Kajii-cho Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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61
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Fu D, Yu Y, Folick A, Currie E, Farese R, Tsai TH, Xie XS, Wang MC. In vivo metabolic fingerprinting of neutral lipids with hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering microscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:8820-8. [PMID: 24869754 PMCID: PMC4073829 DOI: 10.1021/ja504199s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic fingerprinting provides valuable information on the physiopathological states of cells and tissues. Traditional imaging mass spectrometry and magnetic resonance imaging are unable to probe the spatial-temporal dynamics of metabolites at the subcellular level due to either lack of spatial resolution or inability to perform live cell imaging. Here we report a complementary metabolic imaging technique that is based on hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering (hsSRS). We demonstrated the use of hsSRS imaging in quantifying two major neutral lipids: cholesteryl ester and triacylglycerol in cells and tissues. Our imaging results revealed previously unknown changes of lipid composition associated with obesity and steatohepatitis. We further used stable-isotope labeling to trace the metabolic dynamics of fatty acids in live cells and live Caenorhabditis elegans with hsSRS imaging. We found that unsaturated fatty acid has preferential uptake into lipid storage while saturated fatty acid exhibits toxicity in hepatic cells. Simultaneous metabolic fingerprinting of deuterium-labeled saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in living C. elegans revealed that there is a lack of interaction between the two, unlike previously hypothesized. Our findings provide new approaches for metabolic tracing of neutral lipids and their precursors in living cells and organisms, and could potentially serve as a general approach for metabolic fingerprinting of other metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Fu
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Yong Yu
- Huffington
Center on Aging and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Andrew Folick
- Program
in Developmental Biology, Baylor College
of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United
States
| | - Erin Currie
- Gladstone
Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Biochemistry and
Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Robert
V. Farese
- Gladstone
Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Biochemistry and
Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Tsung-Huang Tsai
- Diabetes
and Endocrinology Research Center and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Xiaoliang Sunney Xie
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Meng C. Wang
- Huffington
Center on Aging and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Program
in Developmental Biology, Baylor College
of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United
States
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62
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Shen Y, Xu F, Wei L, Hu F, Min W. Live-cell quantitative imaging of proteome degradation by stimulated Raman scattering. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:5596-9. [PMID: 24737659 PMCID: PMC4231775 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201310725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Protein degradation is a regulatory process essential to cell viability and its dysfunction is implicated in many diseases, such as aging and neurodegeneration. In this report, stimulated Raman scattering microscopy coupled with metabolic labeling with (13)C-phenylalanine is used to visualize protein degradation in living cells with subcellular resolution. We choose the ring breathing modes of endogenous (12)C-phenylalanine and incorporated (13)C-phenylalanine as protein markers for the original and nascent proteomes, respectively, and the decay of the former wasquantified through (12)C/((12)C+(13)C) ratio maps. We demonstrate time-dependent imaging of proteomic degradation in mammalian cells under steady-state conditions and various perturbations, including oxidative stress, cell differentiation, and huntingtin protein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wei Min
- Department of Chemistry
- Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027
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63
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Shen Y, Xu F, Wei L, Hu F, Min W. Live-Cell Quantitative Imaging of Proteome Degradation by Stimulated Raman Scattering. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201310725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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64
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Surfactant uptake dynamics in mammalian cells elucidated with quantitative coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering microspectroscopy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93401. [PMID: 24710120 PMCID: PMC3977816 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of surfactant-induced cell lysis has been studied with quantitative coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microspectroscopy. The dynamics of surfactant molecules as well as intracellular biomolecules in living Chinese Hamster Lung (CHL) cells has been examined for a low surfactant concentration (0.01 w%). By using an isotope labeled surfactant having CD bonds, surfactant uptake dynamics in living cells has been traced in detail. The simultaneous CARS imaging of the cell itself and the internalized surfactant has shown that the surfactant molecules is first accumulated inside a CHL cell followed by a sudden leak of cytosolic components such as proteins to the outside of the cell. This finding indicates that surfactant uptake occurs prior to the cell lysis, contrary to what has been believed: surface adsorption of surfactant molecules has been thought to occur first with subsequent disruption of cell membranes. Quantitative CARS microspectroscopy enables us to determine the molecular concentration of the surfactant molecules accumulated in a cell. We have also investigated the effect of a drug, nocodazole, on the surfactant uptake dynamics. As a result of the inhibition of tubulin polymerization by nocodazole, the surfactant uptake rate is significantly lowered. This fact suggests that intracellular membrane trafficking contributes to the surfactant uptake mechanism.
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65
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Michael R, Otto C, Lenferink A, Gelpi E, Montenegro GA, Rosandić J, Tresserra F, Barraquer RI, Vrensen GFJM. Absence of amyloid-beta in lenses of Alzheimer patients: a confocal Raman microspectroscopic study. Exp Eye Res 2013; 119:44-53. [PMID: 24333259 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2013.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We have compared the protein profiles in plaques and tangles in the hippocampus of post-mortem Alzheimer brains and in opaque and clear regions in the deep cortex of eye lenses of the same donors. From the 7 Alzheimer donors studied, 1 had pronounced bilateral cortical lens opacities, 1 moderate and 5 only minor or no cortical opacities. We focused on beta-sheet levels, a hallmarking property of amyloid-beta, the major protein of plaques and tau protein, the major protein of tangles in Alzheimer brains. Confocal Raman microspectroscopy and imaging was used in combination with hierarchical cluster analysis. Plaques and tangles show high levels of beta-sheets with a beta-sheet to protein ratio of 1.67. This ratio is 1.12 in unaffected brain tissue surrounding the plaques and tangles. In the lenses this ratio is 1.17 independently of the presence or absence of opacities. This major difference in beta-sheet conformation between hippocampus and lens is supported by Congo red and immunostaining of amyloid-beta and tau which were positive for plaques and tangles in the hippocampus but fully negative for the lens irrespective of the presence or absence of opacities. In line with a previous study (Michael et al., 2013) we conclude that cortical lens opacities are not typical for Alzheimer patients and are not hallmarked by accumulation of amyloid-beta, and can thus not be considered as predictors or indicators of Alzheimer disease as claimed by Goldstein et al. (2003).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Michael
- Institut Universitari Barraquer, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; University Eye Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Cees Otto
- Medical Cell Bio Physics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Aufried Lenferink
- Medical Cell Bio Physics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Gelpi
- Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gustavo A Montenegro
- Institut Universitari Barraquer, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jurja Rosandić
- Institut Universitari Barraquer, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Rafael I Barraquer
- Institut Universitari Barraquer, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gijs F J M Vrensen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
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66
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Raudsepp P, Brüggemann DA, Lenferink A, Otto C, Andersen ML. Oxidative stabilization of mixed mayonnaises made with linseed oil and saturated medium-chain triglyceride oil. Food Chem 2013; 152:378-85. [PMID: 24444951 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.11.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Mayonnaises, made with either saturated medium chain triglyceride (MCT) oil or unsaturated purified linseed oil (LSO), were mixed. Raman confocal microspectrometry demonstrated that lipid droplets in mixed mayonnaise remained intact containing either MCT oil or LSO. Peroxide formation during storage was lower in mixed mayonnaise compared to LSO mayonnaise, while in mixed oil mayonnaise the level of peroxides was constantly low. Mixed oil mayonnaise had a lower rate of oxygen consumption than mixed mayonnaise, LSO mayonnaise having the highest rate. The decay of water-soluble nitroxyl radicals showed radicals are formed in the aqueous phase with the same rate independent of the lipids. This was also reflected in decay of α-tocopherol during storage being similar in MCT and LSO mayonnaises, but being stable in mixed oil mayonnaise and mixed mayonnaise. Results suggest that other effects than simply diluting unsaturated triglycerides with saturated triglycerides is causing the oxidative stabilization observed for mixed mayonnaise and mixed oil mayonnaise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piret Raudsepp
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Dagmar A Brüggemann
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Marie-Curie-Straße 1, 47533 Kleve, Germany
| | - Aufried Lenferink
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Medical Cell Biophysics, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Cees Otto
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Medical Cell Biophysics, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Mogens L Andersen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Hilderink J, Otto C, Slump C, Lenferink A, Engelse M, van Blitterswijk C, de Koning E, Karperien M, van Apeldoorn A. Label-free detection of insulin and glucagon within human islets of Langerhans using Raman spectroscopy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78148. [PMID: 24167603 PMCID: PMC3805587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic transplantation of donor islets of Langerhans is a promising therapy for patients with type 1 diabetes. It is of critical importance to accurately monitor islet quality before transplantation, which is currently done by standard histological methods that are performed off-line and require extensive sample preparation. As an alternative, we propose Raman spectroscopy which is a non-destructive and label-free technique that allows continuous real-time monitoring of the tissue to study biological changes as they occur. By performing Raman spectroscopic measurements on purified insulin and glucagon, we showed that the 520 cm(-1) band assigned to disulfide bridges in insulin, and the 1552 cm(-1) band assigned to tryptophan in glucagon are mutually exclusive and could therefore be used as indirect markers for the label-free distinction between both hormones. High-resolution hyperspectral Raman imaging for these bands showed the distribution of disulfide bridges and tryptophan at sub-micrometer scale, which correlated with the location of insulin and glucagon as revealed by conventional immunohistochemistry. As a measure for this correlation, quantitative analysis was performed comparing the Raman images with the fluorescence images, resulting in Dice coefficients (ranging between 0 and 1) of 0.36 for insulin and 0.19 for glucagon. Although the use of separate microscope systems with different spatial resolution and the use of indirect Raman markers cause some image mismatch, our findings indicate that Raman bands for disulfide bridges and tryptophan can be used as distinctive markers for the label-free detection of insulin and glucagon in human islets of Langerhans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janneke Hilderink
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Cees Otto
- Department of Medical Cell Biophysics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Cees Slump
- Department of Systems and Signals, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Aufried Lenferink
- Department of Medical Cell Biophysics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Marten Engelse
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Eelco de Koning
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Karperien
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Aart van Apeldoorn
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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68
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Ataç D, Gang T, Yilmaz MD, Bose SK, Lenferink ATM, Otto C, de Jong MP, Huskens J, van der Wiel WG. Tuning the Kondo effect in thin Au films by depositing a thin layer of Au on molecular spin-dopants. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:375204. [PMID: 23975183 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/37/375204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report on the tuning of the Kondo effect in thin Au films containing a monolayer of cobalt(II) terpyridine complexes by altering the ligand structure around the Co(2+) ions by depositing a thin Au capping layer on top of the monolayer on Au by magnetron sputtering (more energetic) and e-beam evaporation (softer). We show that the Kondo effect is slightly enhanced with respect to that of the uncapped film when the cap is deposited by evaporation, and significantly enhanced when magnetron sputtering is used. The Kondo temperature (TK) increases from 3 to 4.2/6.2 K for the evaporated/sputtered caps. X-ray absorption spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy investigation showed that the organic ligands remain intact upon Au e-beam evaporation; however, sputtering inflicts significant change in the Co(2+) electronic environment. The location of the monolayer-on the surface or embedded in the film-has a small effect. However, the damage of Co-N bonds induced by sputtering has a drastic effect on the increase of the impurity-electron interaction. This opens up the way for tuning of the magnetic impurity states, e.g. spin quantum number, binding energy with respect to the host Fermi energy, and overlap via the ligand structure around the ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ataç
- NanoElectronics Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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69
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Molecular imaging of live cells by Raman microscopy. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2013; 17:708-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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70
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Wei L, Yu Y, Shen Y, Wang MC, Min W. Vibrational imaging of newly synthesized proteins in live cells by stimulated Raman scattering microscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:11226-31. [PMID: 23798434 PMCID: PMC3710790 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1303768110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of new proteins, a key step in the central dogma of molecular biology, has been a major biological process by which cells respond rapidly to environmental cues in both physiological and pathological conditions. However, the selective visualization of a newly synthesized proteome in living systems with subcellular resolution has proven to be rather challenging, despite the extensive efforts along the lines of fluorescence staining, autoradiography, and mass spectrometry. Herein, we report an imaging technique to visualize nascent proteins by harnessing the emerging stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy coupled with metabolic incorporation of deuterium-labeled amino acids. As a first demonstration, we imaged newly synthesized proteins in live mammalian cells with high spatial-temporal resolution without fixation or staining. Subcellular compartments with fast protein turnover in HeLa and HEK293T cells, and newly grown neurites in differentiating neuron-like N2A cells, are clearly identified via this imaging technique. Technically, incorporation of deuterium-labeled amino acids is minimally perturbative to live cells, whereas SRS imaging of exogenous carbon-deuterium bonds (C-D) in the cell-silent Raman region is highly sensitive, specific, and compatible with living systems. Moreover, coupled with label-free SRS imaging of the total proteome, our method can readily generate spatial maps of the quantitative ratio between new and total proteomes. Thus, this technique of nonlinear vibrational imaging of stable isotope incorporation will be a valuable tool to advance our understanding of the complex spatial and temporal dynamics of newly synthesized proteome in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wei
- Department of Chemistry and
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | | | - Meng C. Wang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Wei Min
- Department of Chemistry and
- Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027; and
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71
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Kunstar A, Leferink AM, Okagbare PI, Morris MD, Roessler BJ, Otto C, Karperien M, van Blitterswijk CA, Moroni L, van Apeldoorn AA. Label-free Raman monitoring of extracellular matrix formation in three-dimensional polymeric scaffolds. J R Soc Interface 2013; 10:20130464. [PMID: 23825118 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2013.0464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitoring extracellular matrix (ECM) components is one of the key methods used to determine tissue quality in three-dimensional scaffolds for regenerative medicine and clinical purposes. Raman spectroscopy can be used for non-invasive sensing of cellular and ECM biochemistry. We have investigated the use of conventional (confocal and semiconfocal) Raman microspectroscopy and fibre-optic Raman spectroscopy for in vitro monitoring of ECM formation in three-dimensional poly(ethylene oxide terephthalate)-poly(butylene terephthalate) (PEOT/PBT) scaffolds. Chondrocyte-seeded PEOT/PBT scaffolds were analysed for ECM formation by Raman microspectroscopy, biochemical analysis, histology and scanning electron microscopy. ECM deposition in these scaffolds was successfully detected by biochemical and histological analysis and by label-free non-destructive Raman microspectroscopy. In the spectra collected by the conventional Raman set-ups, the Raman bands at 937 and at 1062 cm(-1) which, respectively, correspond to collagen and sulfated glycosaminoglycans could be used as Raman markers for ECM formation in scaffolds. Collagen synthesis was found to be different in single chondrocyte-seeded scaffolds when compared with microaggregate-seeded samples. Normalized band-area ratios for collagen content of single cell-seeded samples gradually decreased during a 21-day culture period, whereas collagen content of the microaggregate-seeded samples significantly increased during this period. Moreover, a fibre-optic Raman set-up allowed for the collection of Raman spectra from multiple pores inside scaffolds in parallel. These fibre-optic measurements could give a representative average of the ECM Raman signal present in tissue-engineered constructs. Results in this study provide proof-of-principle that Raman microspectroscopy is a promising non-invasive tool to monitor ECM production and remodelling in three-dimensional porous cartilage tissue-engineered constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliz Kunstar
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
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72
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Salman A, Shufan E, Zeiri L, Huleihel M. Detection and identification of cancerous murine fibroblasts, transformed by murine sarcoma virus in culture, using Raman spectroscopy and advanced statistical methods. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:2720-7. [PMID: 23671933 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is one of the leading worldwide causes of death. It may be induced by a variety of factors, including carcinogens, radiation, genetic factors, or DNA and RNA viruses. The early detection of cancer is critical for its successful therapy, which can result in complete recovery from some types of cancer. METHODS Raman spectroscopy has been widely used in medicine and biology. It is a noninvasive, nondestructive, and water-insensitive technique that can detect changes in cells and tissues that are caused by different disorders, such as cancer. In this study, Raman spectroscopy was used for the identification and characterization of murine fibroblast cell lines (NIH/3T3) and malignant fibroblast cells transformed by murine sarcoma virus (NIH-MuSV) cells. RESULTS Using principal component analysis and LDA it was possible to differentiate between the NIH/3T3 and NIH-MuSV cells with an 80-85% success rate based on their Raman shift spectra. CONCLUSIONS The best results for differentiation were achieved from spectra that were obtained from the rich membrane sites. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Because of its homogeneity and complete control of most factors affecting its growth, cell culture is a preferred model for the detection and identification of specific biomarkers related to cancer transformation or other cellular modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Salman
- Department of Physics, SCE - ShamoonCollege of Engineering, Beer-Sheva 84100, Israel.
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73
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Barbieri D, de Bruijn JD, Luo X, Farè S, Grijpma DW, Yuan H. Controlling dynamic mechanical properties and degradation of composites for bone regeneration by means of filler content. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2013; 20:162-72. [PMID: 23455172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue is a dynamic composite system that adapts itself, in response to the surrounding daily (cyclic) mechanical stimuli, through an equilibrium between growth and resorption processes. When there is need of synthetic bone grafts, the biggest issue is to support bone regeneration without causing mechanically-induced bone resorption. Apart from biological properties, such degradable materials should initially support and later leave room to bone formation. Further, dynamic mechanical properties comparable to those of bone are required. In this study we prepared composites comprising calcium phosphate and L-lactide/D-lactide copolymer in various content ratios using the extrusion method. We evaluated the effect of the inorganic filler amount on the polymer phase (i.e. on the post-extrusion intrinsic viscosity). We then studied their in vitro degradation and dynamic mechanical properties (in dry and humid conditions). By increasing the filler content, we observed significant decrease of the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer phase during the extrusion process. Composites containing higher amounts of apatite had faster degradation, and were also mechanically stiffer. But, due to the lower intrinsic viscosity of their polymer phase, they had larger damping properties. Besides this, higher amounts of apatite also rendered the composites more hydrophilic letting them absorb more water and causing them the largest decrease in stiffness. These results show the importance of filler content in controlling the properties of such composites. Further, in this study we observed that the viscoelastic properties of the composite containing 50wt% apatite were comparable to those of dry human cortical bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Barbieri
- Xpand Biotechnology BV, Bilthoven, 3723 MB, The Netherlands.
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74
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Yamakoshi H, Dodo K, Palonpon A, Ando J, Fujita K, Kawata S, Sodeoka M. Alkyne-tag Raman imaging for visualization of mobile small molecules in live cells. J Am Chem Soc 2012. [PMID: 23198907 DOI: 10.1021/ja308529n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alkyne has a unique Raman band that does not overlap with Raman scattering from any endogenous molecule in live cells. Here, we show that alkyne-tag Raman imaging (ATRI) is a promising approach for visualizing nonimmobilized small molecules in live cells. An examination of structure-Raman shift/intensity relationships revealed that alkynes conjugated to an aromatic ring and/or to a second alkyne (conjugated diynes) have strong Raman signals in the cellular silent region and can be excellent tags. Using these design guidelines, we synthesized and imaged a series of alkyne-tagged coenzyme Q (CoQ) analogues in live cells. Cellular concentrations of diyne-tagged CoQ analogues could be semiquantitatively estimated. Finally, simultaneous imaging of two small molecules, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) and a CoQ analogue, with distinct Raman tags was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yamakoshi
- Sodeoka Live Cell Chemistry Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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75
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Noothalapati Venkata H, Shigeto S. Stable Isotope-Labeled Raman Imaging Reveals Dynamic Proteome Localization to Lipid Droplets in Single Fission Yeast Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2012.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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76
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Resonance Raman Spectral Imaging of Intracellular Uptake of β-Carotene Loaded Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) Nanoparticles. Chemphyschem 2012; 14:155-61. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201200577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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77
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Matthäus C, Krafft C, Dietzek B, Brehm BR, Lorkowski S, Popp J. Noninvasive Imaging of Intracellular Lipid Metabolism in Macrophages by Raman Microscopy in Combination with Stable Isotopic Labeling. Anal Chem 2012; 84:8549-56. [DOI: 10.1021/ac3012347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Matthäus
- Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße, 9, 07745 Jena,
Germany
| | - Christoph Krafft
- Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße, 9, 07745 Jena,
Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße, 9, 07745 Jena,
Germany
| | - Bernhard R. Brehm
- Katholische Klinik Koblenz, Innere Medizin/Kardiologie, Rudolf-Virchow-Str9,
56073 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße
25, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße, 9, 07745 Jena,
Germany
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics,
Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
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78
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Huang CK, Ando M, Hamaguchi HO, Shigeto S. Disentangling dynamic changes of multiple cellular components during the yeast cell cycle by in vivo multivariate Raman imaging. Anal Chem 2012; 84:5661-8. [PMID: 22686107 DOI: 10.1021/ac300834f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cellular processes are intrinsically complex and dynamic, in which a myriad of cellular components including nucleic acids, proteins, membranes, and organelles are involved and undergo spatiotemporal changes. Label-free Raman imaging has proven powerful for studying such dynamic behaviors in vivo and at the molecular level. To construct Raman images, univariate data analysis has been commonly employed, but it cannot be free from uncertainties due to severely overlapped spectral information. Here, we demonstrate multivariate curve resolution analysis for time-lapse Raman imaging of a single dividing yeast cell. A four-dimensional (spectral variable, spatial positions in the two-dimensional image plane, and time sequence) Raman data "hypercube" is unfolded to a two-way array and then analyzed globally using multivariate curve resolution. The multivariate Raman imaging thus accomplished successfully disentangles dynamic changes of both concentrations and distributions of major cellular components (lipids, proteins, and polysaccharides) during the cell cycle of the yeast cell. The results show a drastic decrease in the amount of lipids by ~50% after cell division and uncover a protein-associated component that has not been detected with previous univariate approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Keng Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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79
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Garrett NL, Lalatsa A, Uchegbu I, Schätzlein A, Moger J. Exploring uptake mechanisms of oral nanomedicines using multimodal nonlinear optical microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2012; 5:458-68. [PMID: 22389316 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Advances in pharmaceutical nanotechnology have yielded ever increasingly sophisticated nanoparticles for medicine delivery. When administered via oral, intravenous, ocular and transcutaneous delivery routes, these nanoparticles can elicit enhanced drug performance. In spite of this, little is known about the mechanistic processes underlying interactions between nanoparticles and tissues, or how these correlate with improved pharmaceutical effects. These mechanisms must be fully understood before nanomedicines can be rationally engineered to optimise their performance. Methods to directly visualise these particulates within tissue samples have traditionally involved imaging modalities requiring covalent labelling of fluorescent or radioisotope contrast agents. We present CARS, second harmonic generation and two photon fluorescence microscopy combined as a multi-modal label-free method for pinpointing polymeric nanoparticles within the stomach, intestine, gall bladder and liver. We demonstrate for the first time that orally administered chitosan nanoparticles follow a recirculation pathway from the GI tract via enterocytes, to the liver hepatocytes and intercellular spaces and then to the gall bladder, before being re-released into the gut together with bile.
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80
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Chen L, Holman HYN, Hao Z, Bechtel HA, Martin MC, Wu C, Chu S. Synchrotron Infrared Measurements of Protein Phosphorylation in Living Single PC12 Cells during Neuronal Differentiation. Anal Chem 2012; 84:4118-25. [DOI: 10.1021/ac300308x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California
94720, United States
| | - Hoi-Ying N. Holman
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California
94720, United States
| | - Zhao Hao
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California
94720, United States
| | - Hans A. Bechtel
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California
94720, United States
| | - Michael C. Martin
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California
94720, United States
| | - Chengbiao Wu
- Department
of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093, United
States
| | - Steven Chu
- Departments of Physics
and Molecular
and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- California Institute for Quantitative
Biosciences (QB3), University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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81
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Self-attaching and cell-attracting in-situ forming dextran-tyramine conjugates hydrogels for arthroscopic cartilage repair. Biomaterials 2012; 33:3164-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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82
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Lopez-Heredia MA, Sariibrahimoglu K, Yang W, Bohner M, Yamashita D, Kunstar A, van Apeldoorn AA, Bronkhorst EM, Félix Lanao RP, Leeuwenburgh SC, Itatani K, Yang F, Salmon P, Wolke JG, Jansen JA. Influence of the pore generator on the evolution of the mechanical properties and the porosity and interconnectivity of a calcium phosphate cement. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:404-14. [PMID: 21884833 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Porosity and interconnectivity are important properties of calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) and bone-replacement materials. Porosity of CPCs can be achieved by adding polymeric biodegradable pore-generating particles (porogens), which can add porosity to the CPC and can also be used as a drug-delivery system. Porosity affects the mechanical properties of CPCs, and hence is of relevance for clinical application of these cements. The current study focused on the effect of combinations of polymeric mesoporous porogens on the properties of a CPC, such as specific surface area, porosity and interconnectivity and the development of mechanical properties. CPC powder was mixed with different amounts of PLGA porogens of various molecular weights and porogen sizes. The major factors affecting the properties of the CPC were related to the amount of porogen loaded and the porogen size; the molecular weight did not show a significant effect per se. A minimal porogen size of 40 μm in 30 wt.% seems to produce a CPC with mechanical properties, porosity and interconnectivity suitable for clinical applications. The properties studied here, and induced by the porogen and CPC, can be used as a guide to evoke a specific host-response to maintain CPC integrity and to generate an explicit bone ingrowth.
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83
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Label-free Raman observation of cytochrome c dynamics during apoptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 109:28-32. [PMID: 22184220 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1107524108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed label-free observation of molecular dynamics in apoptotic cells by Raman microscopy. Dynamic changes in cytochrome c distribution at the Raman band of 750 cm(-1) were observed after adding an apoptosis inducer to the cells. The comparison of mitochondria fluorescence images and Raman images of cytochrome c confirmed that changes in cytochrome c distribution can be distinguished as release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. Our observation also revealed that the redox state of cytochrome c was maintained during the release from the mitochondria. Monitoring mitochondrial membrane potential with JC-1 dye confirmed that the observed cytochrome c release was associated with apoptosis.
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84
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Kunstar A, Otto C, Karperien M, van Blitterswijk C, van Apeldoorn A. Raman Microspectroscopy: A Noninvasive Analysis Tool for Monitoring of Collagen-Containing Extracellular Matrix Formation in a Medium-Throughput Culture System. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2011; 17:737-44. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2010.0574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aliz Kunstar
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Cees Otto
- Department of Medical Cell Biophysics, MIRA—Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Karperien
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | - Aart van Apeldoorn
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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85
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Yu YV, Li Z, Rizzo NP, Einstein J, Welte MA. Targeting the motor regulator Klar to lipid droplets. BMC Cell Biol 2011; 12:9. [PMID: 21349165 PMCID: PMC3051913 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-12-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Drosophila, the transport regulator Klar displays tissue-specific localization: In photoreceptors, it is abundant on the nuclear envelope; in early embryos, it is absent from nuclei, but instead present on lipid droplets. Differential targeting of Klar appears to be due to isoform variation. Droplet targeting, in particular, has been suggested to occur via a variant C-terminal region, the LD domain. Although the LD domain is necessary and sufficient for droplet targeting in cultured cells, lack of specific reagents had made it previously impossible to analyze its role in vivo. Results Here we describe a new mutant allele of klar with a lesion specifically in the LD domain; this lesion abolishes both droplet localization of Klar and the ability of Klar to regulate droplet motion. It does not disrupt Klar's function for nuclear migration in photoreceptors. Using a GFP-LD fusion, we show that the LD domain is not only necessary but also sufficient for droplet targeting in vivo; it mediates droplet targeting in embryos, in ovaries, and in a number of somatic tissues. Conclusions Our analysis demonstrates that droplet targeting of Klar occurs via a cis-acting sequence and generates a new tool for monitoring lipid droplets in living tissues of Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxun V Yu
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
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86
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Huang CK, Hamaguchi HO, Shigeto S. In vivo multimode Raman imaging reveals concerted molecular composition and distribution changes during yeast cell cycle. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:9423-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc12350e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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87
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Mariani MM, Maccoux LJ, Matthäus C, Diem M, Hengstler JG, Deckert V. Micro-Raman detection of nuclear membrane lipid fluctuations in senescent epithelial breast cancer cells. Anal Chem 2010; 82:4259-63. [PMID: 20380478 DOI: 10.1021/ac1006987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Originally identified in cultured cells, oncogenic cellular senescence is a growth-arrest mechanism which may inhibit tumor development by limiting the ability of cells to divide. However, literature shows that these cells secrete tumor-inducing and tumor-suppressing proteins leading to poor prognosis. Understanding the progression of oncogenic cellular senescence and associated mechanisms provides important implications for improving tumorigenesis therapeutic treatments. Micro-Raman spectroscopic imaging has grown in popularity as an imaging technique compared to the standard imaging predecessors and can be attributed to its numerous benefits such as no sample perturbation and the provision of direct chemical information. Through the use of label-free micro-Raman spectroscopy, control and senescent cells were noninvasively imaged. Resulting spectral images were processed using chemometric techniques, and average nuclei spectra from each sample set were compared. In turn, changes in the -cis and -trans unsaturated lipid isomer content were found to differ among proliferating and senescent cells. This may lead to increased nuclear fluidity and may contribute to the inability of senescent cells to complete the cell cycle. In the tumor environment, this detected increase in nuclear envelope fluidity could lead to downstream gene expression modifications and increased nucleo-cytoplasmic RNA translocation. Understanding nuclear envelope fluidity could provide insight into secretory profiles of senescent cells and their role in carcinogenesis, meriting further investigation into novel therapeutic technique development for oncogenic cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Mariani
- ISAS-Institute for Analytical Sciences, Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Strasse 11, 44139-Dortmund, Germany
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88
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Pully VV, Lenferink A, van Manen HJ, Subramaniam V, van Blitterswijk CA, Otto C. Microbioreactors for Raman microscopy of stromal cell differentiation. Anal Chem 2010; 82:1844-50. [PMID: 20143855 DOI: 10.1021/ac902515c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We present the development of microbioreactors with a sensitive and accurate optical coupling to a confocal Raman microspectrometer. We show that such devices enable in situ and in vitro investigation of cell cultures for tissue engineering by chemically sensitive Raman spectroscopic imaging techniques. The optical resolution of the Raman microspectrometer allows recognition and chemical analysis of subcellular features. Human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) have been followed after seeding through a phase of early proliferation until typically 21 days later, well after the cells have differentiated to osteoblasts. Long-term perfusion of cells in the dynamic culture conditions was shown to be compatible with experimental optical demands and off-line optical analysis. We show that Raman optical analysis of cells and cellular differentiation in microbioreactors is feasible down to the level of subcellular organelles during development. We conclude that microbioreactors combined with Raman microspectroscopy are a valuable tool to study hBMSC proliferation, differentiation, and development into tissues under in situ and in vitro conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Vardhan Pully
- Biophysical Engineering Group, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, 7522 ND Enschede, The Netherlands
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89
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Haider S, Wagner M, Schmid MC, Sixt BS, Christian JG, Häcker G, Pichler P, Mechtler K, Müller A, Baranyi C, Toenshoff ER, Montanaro J, Horn M. Raman microspectroscopy reveals long-term extracellular activity of Chlamydiae. Mol Microbiol 2010; 77:687-700. [PMID: 20545842 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07241.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The phylum Chlamydiae consists exclusively of obligate intracellular bacteria. Some of them are formidable pathogens of humans, while others occur as symbionts of amoebae. These genetically intractable bacteria possess a developmental cycle consisting of replicative reticulate bodies and infectious elementary bodies, which are believed to be physiologically inactive. Confocal Raman microspectroscopy was applied to differentiate between reticulate bodies and elementary bodies of Protochlamydia amoebophila and to demonstrate in situ the labelling of this amoeba symbiont after addition of isotope-labelled phenylalanine. Unexpectedly, uptake of this amino acid was also observed for both developmental stages for up to 3 weeks, if incubated extracellularly with labelled phenylalanine, and P. amoebophila remained infective during this period. Furthermore, P. amoebophila energizes its membrane and performs protein synthesis outside of its host. Importantly, amino acid uptake and protein synthesis after extended extracellular incubation could also be demonstrated for the human pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis, which synthesizes stress-related proteins under these conditions as shown by 2-D gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. These findings change our perception of chlamydial biology and reveal that host-free analyses possess a previously not recognized potential for direct experimental access to these elusive microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Haider
- Department of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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90
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Day JPR, Rago G, Domke KF, Velikov KP, Bonn M. Label-Free Imaging of Lipophilic Bioactive Molecules during Lipid Digestion by Multiplex Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microspectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:8433-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja102069d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James P. R. Day
- FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics (AMOLF), Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Olivier Noortlaan 120, NL-3133 AT Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | - Gianluca Rago
- FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics (AMOLF), Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Olivier Noortlaan 120, NL-3133 AT Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | - Katrin F. Domke
- FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics (AMOLF), Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Olivier Noortlaan 120, NL-3133 AT Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | - Krassimir P. Velikov
- FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics (AMOLF), Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Olivier Noortlaan 120, NL-3133 AT Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | - Mischa Bonn
- FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics (AMOLF), Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Olivier Noortlaan 120, NL-3133 AT Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
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91
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Hartsuiker L, Zeijen NJL, Terstappen LWMM, Otto C. A comparison of breast cancer tumor cells with varying expression of the Her2/neu receptor by Raman microspectroscopic imaging. Analyst 2010; 135:3220-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00524j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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92
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Cosgrave L, Devocelle M, Forster RJ, Keyes TE. Multimodal cell imaging by ruthenium polypyridyl labelled cell penetrating peptides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:103-5. [DOI: 10.1039/b918611e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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93
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Wagner M. Single-cell ecophysiology of microbes as revealed by Raman microspectroscopy or secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging. Annu Rev Microbiol 2009; 63:411-29. [PMID: 19514853 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.micro.091208.073233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An astonishing diversity of microorganisms thrives on our planet and their activities are fundamental for the functioning of all ecosystems including the human body. Consequently, detailed insights into the functions performed by microorganisms in their natural environment are required to understand human biology and the biology of the world around us and to lay the foundations for targeted manipulation of microbial communities. Isotope-labeling techniques combined with molecular detection tools are frequently used by microbial ecologists to directly link structure and function of microbial communities and to monitor metabolic properties of uncultured microbes at the single-cell level. However, only the recent combination of such techniques with Raman microspectroscopy or secondary ion mass spectrometry enables functional studies of microbes on a single-cell level by using stable isotopes as labels. This review provides an overview of these new techniques and their applications in microbial ecology, which allow us to investigate the ecophysiology of uncultured microbes to an extent that was unimaginable just a few years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wagner
- University of Vienna, Department of Microbial Ecology, Vienna 1090, Austria.
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94
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Willets KA. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for probing internal cellular structure and dynamics. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 394:85-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2008] [Revised: 01/29/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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