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Sun J, Vogel J, Chen L, Schleper AL, Bergner T, Kuehne AJC, von Delius M. Carbodiimide-Driven Dimerization and Self-Assembly of Artificial, Ribose-Based Amphiphiles. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104116. [PMID: 35038189 PMCID: PMC9303926 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aqueous self-assembly of amphiphiles into aggregates such as micelles and vesicles has been widely investigated over the past decades with applications ranging from materials science to drug delivery. The combination of characteristic properties of nucleic acids and amphiphiles is of substantial interest to mimic biological self-organization and compartmentalization. Herein, we present ribose- and ribonucleotide-based amphiphiles and investigate their self-assembly as well as their fundamental reactivity. We found that various types of aggregates are formed, ranging in size from nanometers to micrometers and all amphiphiles exhibit aggregation-induced emission (AIE) in solution as well as in the solid state. We also observed that the addition of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) leads to rapid and selective dimerization of the amphiphiles into pyrophosphates, which decreases the critical aggregation concentration (CAC) by a factor of 25 when compared to the monomers. Since the propensity for amphiphile dimerization is correlated with their tendency to self-assemble, our results may be relevant for the formation of rudimentary compartments under prebiotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Julian Vogel
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Lisa Chen
- Institute of Macromolecular and Organic ChemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - A. Lennart Schleper
- Institute of Macromolecular and Organic ChemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Tim Bergner
- Central Facility for Electron MicroscopyUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Alexander J. C. Kuehne
- Institute of Macromolecular and Organic ChemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
- DWI – Leibniz-Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstraße 5052074AachenGermany
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
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52
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Double emission fluorescence probes based on unconventional fluorescent molecules and fluorescein isothiocyanate for ClO− and Cu2+ detection. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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53
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Hu J, Lu K, Gu C, Heng X, Shan F, Chen G. Synthetic Sugar-Only Polymers with Double-Shoulder Task: Bioactivity and Imaging. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:1075-1082. [PMID: 35089683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The search for novel fluorescent materials has attracted the attention of many researchers. Numerous bioimaging materials based on the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) units have been surging and could be employed in wide areas during the past two decades. In recent few years, the appearance of nonconventional fluorescence emitters without aromatic conjugated structures provides another bioimaging candidate which has the advantage of enhanced biodegradability and relatively low cost, and their luminescent mechanism can be explained by clustering-triggered emission (CTE) like AIE. In our contribution, we utilize nonaromatic sugar as a monomer to prepare a series of glycopolymers with designed components through sunlight-induced reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization; these glycopolymers can be employed in bioimaging fields due to the bioactivity coming from sugar and CTE capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hu
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research and School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Kunyan Lu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Gu
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research and School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Heng
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Fangjian Shan
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research and School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Gaojian Chen
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research and School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China.,State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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54
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Deng J, Jia H, Xie W, Wu H, Li J, Wang H. Nontraditional Organic/Polymeric Luminogens with Red‐Shifted Fluorescence Emissions. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Haoyuan Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Wendi Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Hangrui Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Jingyun Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Huiliang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
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55
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Bai L, Yang P, Guo L, Liu S, Yan H. Truly Multicolor Emissive Hyperbranched Polysiloxane: Synthesis, Mechanism Study, and Visualization of Controlled Drug Release. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:1041-1051. [PMID: 35015518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Unconventional fluorescent polymers have attracted increasing attention due to their facile synthesis, excellent biocompatibility, and novel photophysical properties. In this work, a truly multicolor emissive hyperbranched polysiloxane (HBPSi-β-CD) is obtained through adjusting the distribution of electron-rich atoms and grafting β-cyclodextrin; the quantum yields of HBPSi-β-CD after being excited by 360, 420, 450, and 550 nm are 19.36, 31.46, 46.14 and 44.84%, respectively. The density functional theory calculations reveal that the truly multicolor emission is derived from the formed electron delocalization among the hydroxyl, amine, ether, and -Si(O)3 groups due to the strong intermolecular interaction, high density of electron-rich atoms, and low steric hindrance among functional groups. The prepared polymers could serve as a multisensitivity sensor in detecting Fe3+, Cu2+, and Co2+. The HBPSi-β-CD shows low cytotoxicity and excellent cellular imaging capability. The self-assembly of HBPSi-β-CD also possesses high drug loading capacity and pH-controlled drug release, especially, the drug delivery system could be applied in the visualization of controlled drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Bai
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Liulong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Susu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Hongxia Yan
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
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56
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Yang T, Zhou J, Shan B, Li L, Zhu C, Ma C, Gao H, Chen G, Zhang K, Wu P. Hydrated hydroxide complex dominates the AIE property of nonconjugated polymeric luminophores. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100720. [PMID: 34962323 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nontraditional intrinsic luminescence (NTIL) which always accompanied with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) features has received considerable attention due to their importance in the understanding of basic luminescence principle and potential practical applications. However, the rational modulation of the NTIL of nonconventional luminophores remains difficult, on account of the limited understanding of emission mechanisms. Herein, the emission colour of nonconjugated poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride) (PMVEMA) could be readily regulated from blue to red by controlling the alkalinity during the hydrolysis process. The nontraditional photoluminescence with AIE property was from the new formed p-band state, resulting from the strong overlapping of p orbitals of the clustered O atoms through space interactions. Hydrated hydroxide complexes embedded in the entangled polymer chain make big difference on the clustering of O atoms which dominates the AIE property of nonconjugated PMVEMA. These new insights into the photoluminescence mechanism of NTIL should stimulate additional experimental and theoretical studies and could benefit the molecular-level design of nontraditional chromophores for optoelectronics and other applications. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiqun Yang
- Taiqun Yang, Lei Li, Chun Zhu, Chaoqun Ma, Hui Gao, Guoqing Chen, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, School of Science, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Taiqun Yang, Jiafeng Zhou, Bingqian Shan, Kun Zhang and Peng Wu, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Laboratory of Interface and Water Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, No. 3663, North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jiafeng Zhou
- Taiqun Yang, Jiafeng Zhou, Bingqian Shan, Kun Zhang and Peng Wu, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Laboratory of Interface and Water Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, No. 3663, North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Bingqian Shan
- Taiqun Yang, Jiafeng Zhou, Bingqian Shan, Kun Zhang and Peng Wu, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Laboratory of Interface and Water Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, No. 3663, North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Lei Li
- Taiqun Yang, Lei Li, Chun Zhu, Chaoqun Ma, Hui Gao, Guoqing Chen, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, School of Science, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Chun Zhu
- Taiqun Yang, Lei Li, Chun Zhu, Chaoqun Ma, Hui Gao, Guoqing Chen, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, School of Science, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Chaoqun Ma
- Taiqun Yang, Lei Li, Chun Zhu, Chaoqun Ma, Hui Gao, Guoqing Chen, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, School of Science, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Taiqun Yang, Lei Li, Chun Zhu, Chaoqun Ma, Hui Gao, Guoqing Chen, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, School of Science, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Guoqing Chen
- Taiqun Yang, Lei Li, Chun Zhu, Chaoqun Ma, Hui Gao, Guoqing Chen, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, School of Science, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Taiqun Yang, Jiafeng Zhou, Bingqian Shan, Kun Zhang and Peng Wu, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Laboratory of Interface and Water Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, No. 3663, North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Taiqun Yang, Jiafeng Zhou, Bingqian Shan, Kun Zhang and Peng Wu, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Laboratory of Interface and Water Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, No. 3663, North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
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57
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Ren Y, Dai W, Guo S, Dong L, Huang S, Shi J, Tong B, Hao N, Li L, Cai Z, Dong Y. Clusterization-Triggered Color-Tunable Room-Temperature Phosphorescence from 1,4-Dihydropyridine-Based Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 144:1361-1369. [PMID: 34937344 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of poly(1,4-dihydropyridine)s (PDHPs) were successfully synthesized via one-pot metal-free multicomponent polymerization of diacetylenic esters, benzaldehyde, and aniline derivatives. These PDHPs without traditional luminescent units were endowed with tunable triplet energy levels by through-space conjugation from the formation of different cluster sizes. The large and compact clusters can effectively extend the phosphorescence wavelength. The triplet excitons can be stabilized by using benzophenone as a rigid matrix to achieve room-temperature phosphorescence. The nonconjugated polymeric clusters can show a phosphorescence emission up to 645 nm. A combination of static and dynamic laser light scattering was conducted for insight into the structural information on formed clusters in the host matrix melt. Moreover, both the fluorescence and phosphorescence emission can be easily tuned by the variation of the excitation wavelength, the concentration, and the molecular weight of the guest polymers. This work provides a unique insight for designing polymeric host-guest systems and a new strategy for the development of long wavelength phosphorescence materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenbo Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lichao Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Siqi Huang
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jianbing Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bin Tong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Nairong Hao
- Food Science and Processing Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Lianwei Li
- Food Science and Processing Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhengxu Cai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuping Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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58
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Zhao Z, Li Y, Chen X, Zhang Y, Yuan WZ. Robust and color-tunable afterglows from guanidine derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:545-548. [PMID: 34908050 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06616a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Robust and color-tunable afterglows are readily achieved from guanidine derivatives, i.e. dicyandiamide and glycocyamine, through the synergistic interplay between the clustering of electron-rich units and effective hydrogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Yuxuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China. .,Institute of Advanced Materials, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Yongming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China. .,Institute of Advanced Materials, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Wang Zhang Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China.
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59
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Bai L, Yan H, Guo L, He M, Bai T, Yang P. Oleic Acid Constructed Supramolecular Hyperbranched Polysiloxane with Enhanced Fluorescence and Excellent Drug Delivery Ability. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Bai
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province School of Chemistry and Chemical engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710129 China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710054 China
| | - Hongxia Yan
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province School of Chemistry and Chemical engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710129 China
| | - Liulong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province School of Chemistry and Chemical engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710129 China
| | - Miaomiao He
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province School of Chemistry and Chemical engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710129 China
| | - Tian Bai
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province School of Chemistry and Chemical engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710129 China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province School of Chemistry and Chemical engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710129 China
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60
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Wang W, Liu M, Gao W, Sun Y, Dong X. Coassembled Chitosan-Hyaluronic Acid Nanoparticles as a Theranostic Agent Targeting Alzheimer's β-Amyloid. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:55879-55889. [PMID: 34786930 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
β-Amyloid (Aβ) fibrillogenesis is closely associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), so detection and inhibition of Aβ aggregation are of significance for the theranostics of AD. In this work, the coassembled nanoparticles of chitosan and hyaluronic acid cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (CHG NPs) were found to work as a theranostic agent for imaging/probing and inhibition of Aβ fibrillization both in vitro and in vivo. The biomass-based CHG NPs of high stability exhibited a wide range of excitation/emission wavelengths and showed binding affinity toward Aβ aggregates, especially for soluble Aβ oligomers. CHG NPs displayed weak emission in the monodispersed state, while they remarkably emitted increased red fluorescence upon interacting with Aβ oligomers and fibrils, showing high sensitivity with a detection limit of 0.1 nM. By comparing the different fluorescence responses of CHG NPs and Thioflavin T to Aβ aggregation, the Aβ oligomerization rate during nucleation can be determined. Moreover, the fluorescence recognition behavior of CHG NPs was selective. CHG NPs specifically bind to negatively charged amyloid aggregates but not to positively charged amyloids and negatively charged soluble proteins. Such enhancement in fluorescence emission is attributed to the clustering-triggered emission effect of CHG NPs after interaction with Aβ aggregates via various electronic conjugations and hydrogen bonding, electrostatic, and hydrophobic interactions. Besides fluorescent imaging/probing, CHG NPs over 360 μg/mL could almost completely inhibit the formation of Aβ fibrils, exhibiting the capability of regulating Aβ aggregation. In-vivo assays with Caenorhabditis elegans CL2006 demonstrated the potency of CHG NPs as an effective theranostic nanoagent for imaging Aβ plaques and inhibiting Aβ deposition. The findings proved the potential of CHG NPs for development as a potent agent for the diagnosis and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Weiqun Gao
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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61
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Zhang H, Tang BZ. Through-Space Interactions in Clusteroluminescence. JACS AU 2021; 1:1805-1814. [PMID: 34841401 PMCID: PMC8611663 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Conventional π-conjugated luminophores suffer from problems such as emission quenching, biotoxicity, environmental pollution, etc. The emerging nonconjugated and nonaromatic clusteroluminogens (CLgens) are expected to overcome these stubborn drawbacks, so research of CLgens shows great significance not only for practical application but also for the construction of fundamental photophysical theories. This perspective summarizes the unusual features of CLgens in comparison to traditional chromophores, such as nonconjugated molecular structures, unmatched absorption and excitation, excitation-dependent luminescence, multiple emission peaks, and room-temperature phosphorescence. Different from the theory of through-bond conjugation in π-conjugated luminophores, through-space interactions, including through-space n···n interaction and through-space n···π interaction, are regarded as the emitting sources of nonconjugated CLgens. In addition, the formation of network clusters is proposed as an efficient strategy to improve the performance of CLgens, and their potential applications of anticounterfeiting, photoelectronic devices, and bioimaging are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoke Zhang
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou
Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Shenzhen
Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, School of Science and
Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
- Center
for Aggregation-Induced Emission, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute,
State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- AIE Institute, Guangzhou 510530, China
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62
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Tang S, Yang T, Zhao Z, Zhu T, Zhang Q, Hou W, Yuan WZ. Nonconventional luminophores: characteristics, advancements and perspectives. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:12616-12655. [PMID: 34610056 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01087a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nonconventional luminophores devoid of remarkable conjugates have attracted considerable attention due to their unique luminescence behaviors, updated luminescence mechanism of organics and promising applications in optoelectronic, biological and medical fields. Unlike classic luminogens consisting of molecular segments with greatly extended electron delocalization, these unorthodox luminophores generally possess nonconjugated structures based on subgroups such as ether (-O-), hydroxyl (-OH), halogens, carbonyl (CO), carboxyl (-COOH), cyano (CN), thioether (-S-), sulfoxide (SO), sulfone (OSO), phosphate, and aliphatic amine, as well as their grouped functionalities like amide, imide, anhydride and ureido. They can exhibit intriguing intrinsic luminescence, generally featuring concentration-enhanced emission, aggregation-induced emission, excitation-dependent luminescence and prevailing phosphorescence. Herein, we review the recent progress in exploring these nonconventional luminophores and discuss the current challenges and future perspectives. Notably, different mechanisms are reviewed and the clustering-triggered emission (CTE) mechanism is highlighted, which emphasizes the clustering of the above mentioned electron rich moieties and consequent electron delocalization along with conformation rigidification. The CTE mechanism seems widely applicable for diversified natural, synthetic and supramolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saixing Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Tianjia Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Zihao Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Tianwen Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Wubeiwen Hou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Wang Zhang Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China.
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63
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Chinnaiah K, Theivashanthi T, Kannan K, Revathy MS, Maik V, Parangusan H, Jeyaseelan SC, Gurushankar K. Electrical and Electrochemical Characteristics of Withania somnifera Leaf Extract Incorporation Sodium Alginate Polymer Film for Energy Storage Applications. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-021-02139-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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64
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Advances in aggregation induced emission (AIE) materials in biosensing and imaging of bacteria. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2021. [PMID: 34749976 PMCID: PMC8292011 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
With their ubiquitous nature, bacteria have had a significant impact on human health and evolution. Though as commensals residing in/on our bodies several bacterial communities support our health in many ways, bacteria remain one of the major causes of infectious diseases that plague the human world. Adding to this, emergence of antibiotic resistant strains limited the use of available antibiotics. The current available techniques to prevent and control such infections remain insufficient. This has been proven during one of greatest pandemic of our generation, COVID-19. It has been observed that bacterial coinfections were predominantly observed in COVID-19 patients, despite antibiotic treatment. Such higher rates of coinfections in critical patients even after antibiotic treatment is a matter of concern. Owing to many reasons across the world drug resistance in bacteria is posing a major problem i. According to Center for Disease control (CDC) antibiotic report threats (AR), 2019 more than 2.8 million antibiotic resistant cases were reported, and more than 35,000 were dead among them in USA alone. In both normal and pandemic conditions, failure of identifying infectious agent has played a major role. This strongly prompts the need to improve upon the existing techniques to not just effective identification of an unknown bacterium, but also to discriminate normal Vs drug resistant strains. New techniques based on Aggregation Induced Emission (AIE) are not only simple and rapid but also have high accuracy to visualize infection and differentiate many strains of bacteria based on biomolecular variations which has been discussed in this chapter.
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65
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Hu R, Zhang G, Qin A, Tang BZ. Aggregation-induced emission (AIE): emerging technology based on aggregate science. PURE APPL CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2021-0503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Functional materials serve as the basic elements for the evolution of technology. Aggregation-induced emission (AIE), as one of the top 10 emerging technologies in chemistry, is a scientific concept coined by Tang, et al. in 2001 and refers to a photophysical phenomenon with enhanced emission at the aggregate level compared to molecular states. AIE-active materials generally present new properties and performance that are absent in the molecular state, providing endless possibilities for the development of technological applications. Tremendous achievements based on AIE research have been made in theoretical exploration, material development and practical applications. In this review, AIE-active materials with triggered luminescence of circularly polarized luminescence, aggregation-induced delayed fluorescence, room-temperature phosphorescence, and clusterization-triggered emission at the aggregate level are introduced. Moreover, high-tech applications in optoelectronic devices, responsive systems, sensing and monitoring, and imaging and therapy are briefly summarized and discussed. It is expected that this review will serve as a source of inspiration for innovation in AIE research and aggregate science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, AIE Institute, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Guiquan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, AIE Institute, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Anjun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, AIE Institute, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, AIE Institute, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shenzhen 518172 , China
- Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon , Hong Kong , China
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66
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Zhang Z, Zhang H, Kang M, Li N, Wang D, Tang BZ. Oxygen and sulfur-based pure n-electron dendrimeric systems: generation-dependent clusteroluminescence towards multicolor cell imaging and molecular ruler. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-1067-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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67
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Liao P, Zang S, Wu T, Jin H, Wang W, Huang J, Tang BZ, Yan Y. Generating circularly polarized luminescence from clusterization-triggered emission using solid phase molecular self-assembly. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5496. [PMID: 34535652 PMCID: PMC8448880 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25789-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purely-organic clusterization-triggered emission (CTE) has displayed promising abilities in bioimaging, chemical sensing, and multicolor luminescence. However, it remains absent in the field of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) due to the difficulties in well-aligning the nonconventional luminogens. We report a case of CPL generated with CTE using the solid phase molecular self-assembly (SPMSA) of poly-L-lysine (PLL) and oleate ion (OL), that is, the macroscopic CPL supramolecular film self-assembled by the electrostatic complex of PLL/OL under mechanical pressure. Well-defined interface charge distribution, given by lamellar mesophases of OL ions, forces the PLL chains to fold regularly as a requirement of optimal electrostatic interactions. Further facilitated by hydrogen bonding, the through-space conjugation (TSC) of orderly aligned electron-rich O and N atoms leads to CTE-based CPL, which is capable of transferring energy to an acceptor via a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) process, making it possible to develop environmentally friendly and economic CPL from sustainable and renewable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilong Liao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shihao Zang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Tongyue Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hongjun Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wenkai Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jianbin Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Aggregate Science and Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001 Longxiang Boulevard, Longgang, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China.
| | - Yun Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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68
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Alarcon RT, Gaglieri C, Santos GC, Moralles AC, Morgon NH, Souza AR, Bannach G. AIE Effect by Oxygen Clustering in Vegetable Oil‐Based Polymers. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael T. Alarcon
- School of Sciences, Department of Chemistry UNESP- São Paulo State University Bauru 17033-260, SP Brazil
| | - Caroline Gaglieri
- School of Sciences, Department of Chemistry UNESP- São Paulo State University Bauru 17033-260, SP Brazil
| | - Giovanny C. Santos
- School of Sciences, Department of Chemistry UNESP- São Paulo State University Bauru 17033-260, SP Brazil
| | - Ana C. Moralles
- Institute of Chemistry Department of Physical Chemistry UNICAMP-Campinas State University Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Nelson H. Morgon
- Institute of Chemistry Department of Physical Chemistry UNICAMP-Campinas State University Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Aguinaldo R. Souza
- School of Sciences, Department of Chemistry UNESP- São Paulo State University Bauru 17033-260, SP Brazil
| | - Gilbert Bannach
- School of Sciences, Department of Chemistry UNESP- São Paulo State University Bauru 17033-260, SP Brazil
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69
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Zhang SJ, Chen XX, Cui CH, Ma L, Zhong QY, Shen KX, Yu J, Li Z, Wu YS, Zhang Q, Cheng YL, He L, Zhang YF. Strong, Removable, and Photoluminescent Hyperbranched Polyamide-amine Hot Melt Adhesive. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2630-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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70
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Jiang J, Lu S, Liu M, Li C, Zhang Y, Yu TB, Yang L, Shen Y, Zhou Q. Tunable Photoluminescence Properties of Microcrystalline Cellulose with Gradually Changing Crystallinity and Crystal Form. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100321. [PMID: 34254396 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Nonconventional luminogens with persistent room temperature phosphoresce (p-RTP) are attracting increasing attention owing to their momentous significance and diverse technical applications in optoelectronic and biomedical. So far, the p-RTP emission of some amorphous powders or single crystals has been studied in depth. The p-RTP emission of amorphous and fully crystalline states and their emission properties are widely divergent, while the difference of their p-RTP emission mechanism is still controversial. The relevance between crystallinity change and p-RTP properties is rarely studied. Furthermore, there is almost no research on the photoluminescence (PL) property change and emission mechanism under the crystal form transformation of semi-crystalline polymer. Herein, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is chosen as a model compound to explore its crystallinity and the change in luminescence during the crystal form transformation to make up for this gap. By precisely adjusting the crystallinity and crystal cellulose conversion of MCC, the changing trend of quantum efficiency, and p-RTP lifetime is consistent with the change of crystallinity, and the cellulose I may be more beneficial to PL emission than cellulose II. Clustering-triggered emission mechanism can reasonably explain these interesting photophysical processes, which also can be supported by single-crystal analysis and theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantang Jiang
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Shijia Lu
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Man Liu
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Chuchu Li
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Yuanchao Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Tian Bo Yu
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Yifeng Shen
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
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71
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Xu L, Cao J, Zhong S, Gao Y, Cui X. Seeking Aggregation-Induced Emission Materials in Food: Oat β-Glucan and Its Diverse Applications. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:7680-7686. [PMID: 34196548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With the basic understanding and broad application prospects of luminescent materials, the emission mechanism of unconventional luminescent agents has been revealed gradually. Here, we report a non-conjugated biomass material, oat β-glucan (oat-β-Glu), which actually does not emit light in a dilute solution but emits significantly when forming aggregates. Inherently visible emission of oat-β-Glu from the concentrated solutions and solid state could be observed. In addition, we have observed room temperature phosphorescence in oat-β-Glu powders, which is also unusual in pure organic materials. It can be proposed that the luminescence property of oat-β-Glu originates from the spatial conjugation of the oxygen atoms of oat-β-Glu. This clustering-triggered emission mechanism may well be expanded to other unconventional biomacromolecules, inspiring the rational design of luminescent agents. Due to its good biocompatibility and intrinsic emission characteristics, oat-β-Glu has shown great potential application prospects in bioimaging and biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Xu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jungang Cao
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Shuangling Zhong
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yan Gao
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Weihai Institute for Bionics-Jilin University, Weihai 264400, China
| | - Xuejun Cui
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Weihai Institute for Bionics-Jilin University, Weihai 264400, China
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72
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Xu L, Liang X, Zhong S, Gao Y, Cui X. Seeking brightness from nature: Sustainable AIE macromolecule with clustering-triggered emission of xanthan gum and its multiple applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 206:111961. [PMID: 34224933 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Unconventional biomacromolecule luminescent agents have attracted widespread attention due to the potential applications in diverse fields. In order to explore new luminescent agents and gain a comprehensive understanding of their emission mechanism, the emission behavior of xanthan gum was investigated. Xanthan gum shown obvious aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics in concentration solution. Moreover, xanthan gum has shown potential values in intracellular imaging and can be used as a biosensor for detecting Fe3+ and Cu2+ in human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Xu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Shuangling Zhong
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yan Gao
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China; Weihai Institute for Bionics-Jilin University, Weihai, 264400, China
| | - Xuejun Cui
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China; Weihai Institute for Bionics-Jilin University, Weihai, 264400, China.
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73
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Ma Y, Zhang H, Wang K, Cao D, Wang M, Guan R, Zhou C. The bright fluorescence of non-aromatic molecules in aqueous solution originates from pH-induced CTE behavior. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 254:119604. [PMID: 33676346 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Non-aromatic fluorescent materials with inherent visible light emission have received widespread attention. In this work, a biomimetic fluorescent molecule CA-AEP with a dipeptide structure is introduced. CA-AEP will emit bright biomimetic fluorescence in aqueous solutions by adjusting the pH, which has never been reported. This unique luminescent characteristic can be rationalized by the clustering-triggered emission (CTE) mechanism. In addition, CA-AEP can be used to monitor the maximum dynamic pH in the alkaline range of aqueous systems. Finally, the cytotoxicity assay to A549 cells showed that CA-AEP was non-toxic. Therefore, this work provides a new type of luminogen, which has potential application prospects in the field of environmental monitoring and cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqian Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Research Institute of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Duxia Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Mingkai Wang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China.
| | - Ruifang Guan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China.
| | - Chuanjian Zhou
- Research Institute of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
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74
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Gao H, Gao Z, Jiao D, Zhang J, Li X, Tang Q, Shi Y, Ding D. Boosting Room Temperature Phosphorescence Performance by Alkyl Modification for Intravital Orthotopic Lung Tumor Imaging. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2005449. [PMID: 33599120 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pure organic persistent room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have attracted wide attention owing to their great potential in various applications, particularly in bioimaging. However, it is still a challenge to manufacture organic RTP materials possessing quite high efficiency and long lifetime, owing to the high requirements for triplet excitons. In this study, a series of keto derivatives with efficient RTP in crystals are developed through the regulation of molecular aggregation states by simple alkyl groups, resulting in impressive luminescence performance with a longer lifetime and higher efficiency of up to 868 ms and 51.59%, respectively. All the alkyl-substituted derivatives exhibit bright RTP intensities after heavy grinding with a pestle, indicating their robust RTP features, which are suitable for many fields. Encouraged by the excellent RTP performance of these luminogens in the crystalline state, successful orthotopic lung tumor imaging with a high signal-to-background ratio (SBR) of 65 is demonstrated in this study to provide the promise of pure organic RTP materials for disease diagnosis, which hold the advantages of low autofluorescence interference and high signal-to-background ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heqi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhiyuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Di Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jingtian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Qiyun Tang
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Dan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
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75
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Xie Y, Li Z. Development of aggregated state chemistry accelerated by aggregation-induced emission. Natl Sci Rev 2021; 8:nwaa199. [PMID: 34691659 PMCID: PMC8288163 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The foundation of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) has greatly affected the design strategies of luminous materials, and accelerated the relevant theoretical and practical application investigation. The AIE concept also inspires the exploration on "aggregated state chemistry" and enlightens new research areas of room-temperature phosphorescence and mechanoluminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Xie
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University,China
| | - Zhen Li
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University,China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, China
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University,China
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76
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Xu L, Cao J, Zhong S, Wang J, Yang Y, Gao Y, Cui X. Photoluminescence of Tilapia skin collagen: Aggregation-induced emission with clustering triggered emission mechanism and its multiple applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:1437-1444. [PMID: 34019921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for natural sources of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) materials which have good water solubility, biocompatibility, and can be produced in large quantities. Here, Tilapia skin collagen (Tsc) is a very abundant protein in nature, with solid-phase and solution-state fluorescence emission effect and its multiple applications was explored. Due to Tsc was in high concentration or aggregation state which shown AIE property. This obvious emission can be account for clustering-triggered emission (CTE) mechanism. The photoluminescence property of Tsc not only provide a deeper understanding of the emission characteristics of proteins, but also has important guiding significance for further elucidating the basis of fluorescence properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Xu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Jungang Cao
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Shuangling Zhong
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Jingfei Wang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Yongyan Yang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Yan Gao
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Xuejun Cui
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.
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77
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Kausar F, Zhao Z, Yang T, Hou W, Li Y, Zhang Y, Yuan WZ. Michael Polyaddition Approach Towards Sulfur Enriched Nonaromatic Polymers with Fluorescence-Phosphorescence Dual Emission. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100036. [PMID: 33851444 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nonaromatic photoluminescent polymers have attracted great attention due to their intriguing photophysical properties and promising implications in optoelectronic and biological areas. The luminescence from these nonconventional luminophores can be well rationalized by the clustering-triggered emission mechanism. Sulfur, although as an n-electron-rich element with big radius, is not been widely utilized in construction of nonconventional luminophores despite of its potential competitiveness in nonaromatic photoluminescent polymers. Herein, the "click" type Michael polyaddition is utilized to construct sulfur-bearing nonconventional luminophores, and two sulfur enriched nonaromatic poly(thioether sulfone)s (PES) are obtained, which demonstrate fluorescence-phosphorescence dual emission. More investigations concerning the monomer of bis(vinylsulfonyl)methane are further proceeded to support acquired results. Finally, the application of explosive detection by the prepared PES is also conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahmeeda Kausar
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zihao Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tianjia Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wubeiwen Hou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yongming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wang Zhang Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang, Shanghai, 200240, China
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Zheng H, Wang Y, Cao P, Wu P. Color-tunable ultralong room temperature phosphorescence from EDTA. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3575-3578. [PMID: 33709093 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00207d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Unexpected color-tunable ultralong room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP, τ∼0.5 s) was observed from EDTA (and also EDTA salts, chelates, and structural analogues). Through both experimental and theoretical investigations, the through-space conjugation of the lone pair n electrons of N/O atoms in EDTA was identified as the origin of RTP. The results here will be important for further developing phosphors with ultralong emission lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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79
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Cai XM, Lin Y, Li Y, Chen X, Wang Z, Zhao X, Huang S, Zhao Z, Tang BZ. BioAIEgens derived from rosin: how does molecular motion affect their photophysical processes in solid state? Nat Commun 2021; 12:1773. [PMID: 33741995 PMCID: PMC7979920 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22061-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The exploration of artificial luminogens with bright emission has been fully developed with the advancement of synthetic chemistry. However, many of them face problems like weakened emission in the aggregated state as well as poor renewability and sustainability. Therefore, the development of renewable and sustainable luminogens with anti-quenching function in the solid state, as well as to unveil the key factors that influence their luminescence behavior become highly significant. Herein, a new class of natural rosin-derived luminogens with aggregation-induced emission property (AIEgens) have been facilely obtained with good biocompatibility and targeted organelle imaging capability as well as photochromic behavior in the solid state. Mechanistic study indicates that the introduction of the alicyclic moiety helps suppress the excited-state molecular motion to enhance the solid-state emission. The current work fundamentally elucidates the role of alicyclic moiety in luminogen design and practically demonstrates a new source to large-scalely obtain biocompatible AIEgens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Min Cai
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Rescources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuting Lin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Rescources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinfei Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Rescources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zaiyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xueqian Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shenlin Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Rescources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
- School of Chemistry and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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80
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Wang J, Lou X, Wang Y, Tang J, Yang Y. Recent Advances of Polymer‐Based Pure Organic Room Temperature Phosphorescent Materials. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100021. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Xin‐Yue Lou
- College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Jun Tang
- College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Ying‐Wei Yang
- College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430081 P. R. China
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81
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Wang Z, Zhang H, Li S, Lei D, Tang BZ, Ye R. Recent Advances in Clusteroluminescence. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2021; 379:14. [PMID: 33655404 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-021-00326-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Clusteroluminescence is a phenomenon whereby the aggregation or clustering of non-conjugated electron-rich units leads to the emission of light at long wavelengths. This phenomenon was first discovered in poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimers. In recent years, clusteroluminescence has attracted growing research interest and its photophysical properties and mechanism have been thoroughly studied. In this review, we first briefly introduce the development of different types of clusteroluminogens. Then we highlight recent developments in clusteroluminescence, including mechanistic studies, the disclosure of room-temperature phosphorescence, and the extension of emission to the longer-wavelength region. Lastly, we demonstrate a few applications in various fields. With advantages such as being earth-abundant, biocompatible and biodegradable, clusteroluminogens are envisioned to be commonplace in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haoke Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Siqi Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dangyuan Lei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- AIE Institute, Guangzhou Development District, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Ruquan Ye
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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82
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Aggregation-Induced Emission Fluorescent Gels: Current Trends and Future Perspectives. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2021; 379:9. [PMID: 33544283 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-020-00322-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The development of fluorescent gels, if not the current focus, is at the center of recent efforts devoted to the invention of a new generation of gels. Fluorescent gels have numerous properties that are intrinsic to the gel structure, with additional light-emitting properties making them attractive for different applications. This review focuses on current studies associated with the development of fluorescent gels using aggregation-induced emission fluorophores (AIEgens) to ultimately suggest new directions for future research. Here, we discuss major drawbacks of the methodologies used frequently for the fabrication of fluorescent gels using traditional fluorophores compared to those using AIEgens. The fabrication strategies to develop AIE-based fluorescent gels, including physical mixing, soaking, self-assembly, noncovalent interactions, and permanent chemical reactions, are discussed thoroughly. New and recent findings on developing AIE-active gels are explained. Specifically, physically prepared AIE-based gels including supramolecular, ionic, and chemically prepared AIE-based gels are discussed. In addition, the intrinsic fluorescent properties of natural gels, known as clustering-triggered fluorescent gel, and new and recent relevant findings published in peer-reviewed journals are explained. This review also revealed the biomedical applications of AIE-based fluorescent hydrogels including drug delivery, biosensors, bioimaging, and tissue engineering. In conclusion, the current research situation and future directions are identified.
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83
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Guo L, Yan H, Yan L, Bai L, Niu S, Zhao Y. A hyperbranched polysiloxane containing carbon dots with near white light emission. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00430a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we prepared a novel hyperbranched polysiloxane containing carbon dots, which can emit near white light with the CIE chromaticity coordinates of (0.301, 0.333) via mixing dual emission at 414 and 532 nm excited at λex = 340 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liulong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an 710072
- China
| | - Hongxia Yan
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an 710072
- China
| | - Lirong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an 710072
- China
| | - Lihua Bai
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an 710072
- China
| | - Song Niu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an 710072
- China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an 710072
- China
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84
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Lai W, Deng R, He T, Wong W. A Bioinspired, Sustained-Release Material in Response to Internal Signals for Biphasic Chemical Sensing in Wound Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001267. [PMID: 33184990 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Biofluorescence in living entities is a functional process associated with information conveyance; whereas the capacity to respond to internal physiological signals is a unique property of a cell. By integrating these two biological features into materials design, a bioinspired material, namely CPS, is developed. Contrary to conventional luminescent polymeric systems whose emission comes from π-conjugated structures, this material displays clusterization-triggered emission. In the preclinical trial on a dermal punch model of tissue repair, it successfully increases the rate of wound closure, reduces inflammatory cell infiltration, and enhances collagen deposition. It can also relay changes in internal chemical signals into changes in its intrinsic luminescence for biphasic chemical sensing to prevent possible occurrence of skin hyperpigmentation caused by minocycline hydrochloride in wound therapy. Together with its ease of fabrication, high biocompatibility, high drug loading efficiency, and high release sustainability, CPS shows high potential to be developed into an intelligent solid-state device for wound treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing‐Fu Lai
- Ciechanover Institute of Precision and Regenerative Medicine, School of Life and Health Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518172 P. R. China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Ryan Deng
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Tingchao He
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Wing‐Tak Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
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85
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Wang J, Xu L, Zhong S, Yang Y, Feng G, Meng Q, Gao Y, Cui X. Clustering-triggered emission of poly(vinyl) alcohol. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01033f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PVA can emit blue light under UV light and the mechanism of this fluorescence was studied in this paper. PVA can be added to other materials to broaden their properties. The fluorescence of PVA has great application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfei Wang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Lifeng Xu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Shuangling Zhong
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P.R. China
| | - Yongyan Yang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Gangying Feng
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Qingye Meng
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
| | - Yan Gao
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
- Weihai Institute for Bionics-Jilin University, Weihai, 264400, P.R. China
| | - Xuejun Cui
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P.R. China
- Weihai Institute for Bionics-Jilin University, Weihai, 264400, P.R. China
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86
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Ma Y, Zhang H, Cao D, Chen Q, Guan R, Zhou C. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer fluorescent polymer dots without conventional chromophores: Synthesis, emission mechanism and applications as Cu2+ probe and fluorescent ink. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2020.100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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87
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Wang XL, Qin W, Wang LX, Zhao KY, Wang HC, Liu HY, Wei JF. Desalination of dye utilizing carboxylated TiO2/calcium alginate hydrogel nanofiltration membrane with high salt permeation. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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88
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Yang H, Ren Z, Zuo Y, Song Y, Jiang L, Jiang Q, Xue X, Huang W, Wang K, Jiang B. Highly Efficient Amide Michael Addition and Its Use in the Preparation of Tunable Multicolor Photoluminescent Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:50870-50878. [PMID: 33125218 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The amide bond is one of the most pivotal functional groups in chemistry and biology. It is also the key component of proteins and widely present in synthetic materials. The majority of studies have focused on the formation of the amide group, but its postmodification has scarcely been investigated. Herein, we successfully develop the Michael additions of amide to acrylate, acrylamide, or propiolate in the presence of phosphazene base at room temperature. This amide Michael addition is much more efficient when the secondary amide instead of the primary amide is used under the same conditions. This reaction was applied to postfunctionalize poly(methyl acrylate-co-acrylamide), P(MA-co-Am), and it is shown that the amide groups of P(MA-co-Am) could be completely modified by N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA). Interestingly, the resulting copolymer exhibited tailorable fluorescence with emission wavelength ranging from 380 to 613 nm, which is a desired property for luminescent materials. Moreover, the emissions of the copolymer increased with increasing concentration in solution for all excitation wavelengths from 320 to 580 nm. Therefore, this work not only develops an efficient t-BuP4-catalyzed amide Michael addition but also offers a facile method for tunable multicolor photoluminescent polymers, which is expected to find a wide range of applications in many fields, such as in anticounterfeiting technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Ziye Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Yongkang Zuo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Yiye Song
- Changzhou University Huaide College, Jingjiang, Jiangsu 214500, P. R. China
| | - Li Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Qimin Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Xue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Wenyan Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Kaojin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, P. R. China
| | - Bibiao Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
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89
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Dou X, Zhu T, Wang Z, Sun W, Lai Y, Sui K, Tan Y, Zhang Y, Yuan WZ. Color-Tunable, Excitation-Dependent, and Time-Dependent Afterglows from Pure Organic Amorphous Polymers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2004768. [PMID: 33089564 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Achieving persistent room-temperature phosphorescence (p-RTP), particularly those of tunable full-colors, from pure organic amorphous polymers is attractive but challenging. Particularly, those with tunable multicolor p-RTP in response to excitation wavelength and time are highly important but both fundamentally and technically underexplored. Here, a facile and general strategy toward color-tunable p-RTP from blue to orange-red based on amidation grafting of luminophores onto sodium alginate (SA) chains, resulting in amorphous polymers with distinct p-RTP and even impressively excitation-dependent and time-dependent afterglows is reported. p-RTP is associated with the unique semi-rigidified SA chains, effective hydrogen bonding network, and oxygen barrier properties of SA, whereas excitation-dependent and time-dependent afterglows should stem from the formation of diversified p-RTP emissive species with comparable but different lifetimes. These results outline a rational strategy toward amorphous smart luminophores with colorful, excitation-dependent, and time-dependent p-RTP, excellent solution processability, and film-forming ability for versatile applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Biobased Fiber and Ecological Textile Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Rd., Shinan District, Qingdao, 266071, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tianwen Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhengshuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Biobased Fiber and Ecological Textile Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Rd., Shinan District, Qingdao, 266071, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yueying Lai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Kunyan Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Biobased Fiber and Ecological Textile Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Rd., Shinan District, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yeqiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Biobased Fiber and Ecological Textile Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Rd., Shinan District, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yongming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wang Zhang Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
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90
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Sun J, Yu J, Jiang Z, Zhao Z, Xia Y. Fluorescent Carbonized Polymer Dots Prepared from Sodium Alginate Based on the CEE Effect. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:27514-27521. [PMID: 33134714 PMCID: PMC7594134 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, as a new type of carbon dots, carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) have attracted more and more attention in many fields. In this experiment, a new kind of CPDs was synthesized by the hydrothermal treatment of the chemically cross-linked sodium alginate (SA) via glutaraldehyde. The fluorescence of CPDs was greatly enhanced because of the cross-linking enhanced emission effect. The formation process of CPDs at different reaction temperatures was explored. In addition, it was found that CPDs have stable fluorescence properties in mild acidic/basic and metal-ion environments. The in vitro toxicity of CPDs was tested, and based on their nontoxic property, SA films with anti-ultraviolet aging properties were prepared by using CPDs as the additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers
and Eco-Textiles, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine
Biobased Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased
Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Junke Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers
and Eco-Textiles, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine
Biobased Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased
Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhenjie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers
and Eco-Textiles, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine
Biobased Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased
Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers
and Eco-Textiles, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine
Biobased Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased
Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yanzhi Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers
and Eco-Textiles, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine
Biobased Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased
Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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92
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Bai L, Yan H, Bai T, Guo L, Lu T, Zhao Y, Li C. Energy-Transfer-Induced Multiexcitation and Enhanced Emission of Hyperbranched Polysiloxane. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3724-3735. [PMID: 32692548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent hyperbranched polysiloxane (HBPSi) has attracted increasing attention due to its good biocompatibility. However, its emission mechanism remains an open question. Unfortunately, the excitation spectra of HBPSi are rarely systematically investigated and show a narrow excitation band, which hinders the emission mechanism study. Herein, we synthesized a series of novel HBPSi containing l-glutamic acid (HBPSi-GA). Surprisingly, these polymers have four excitation peaks and two emission peaks, which are caused by the energy transfer from free functional groups to heterogeneous electron delocalizations in different clusters. Meanwhile, the fluorescence and biocompatibility of HBPSi-GA are significantly improved with increasing l-glutamic acid. Furthermore, HBPSi-GA exhibits dual stimuli-responsive fluorescence to temperature and Fe3+ as well as potential application in cell imaging. This research possesses important guidance to develop multiexcitation unconventional fluorescent polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Bai
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Hongxia Yan
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Tian Bai
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Liulong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Tingli Lu
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences & Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Chujia Li
- Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
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93
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Chen X, Yang T, Lei J, Liu X, Zhao Z, Xue Z, Li W, Zhang Y, Yuan WZ. Clustering-Triggered Emission and Luminescence Regulation by Molecular Arrangement of Nonaromatic Polyamide-6. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:8928-8936. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c06606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Chen
- Institute of Advanced Materials, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Tianjia Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianlong Lei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xundao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Zihao Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhiyong Xue
- Institute of Advanced Materials, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wenhan Li
- Yangzhong Intelligent Electrical Institute, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yongming Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Materials, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wang Zhang Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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94
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Zhang H, Zhao Z, Turley AT, Wang L, McGonigal PR, Tu Y, Li Y, Wang Z, Kwok RTK, Lam JWY, Tang BZ. Aggregate Science: From Structures to Properties. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2001457. [PMID: 32734656 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Molecular science entails the study of structures and properties of materials at the level of single molecules or small interacting complexes of molecules. Moving beyond single molecules and well-defined complexes, aggregates (i.e., irregular clusters of many molecules) serve as a particularly useful form of materials that often display modified or wholly new properties compared to their molecular components. Some unique structures and phenomena such as polymorphic aggregates, aggregation-induced symmetry breaking, and cluster excitons are only identified in aggregates, as a few examples of their exotic features. Here, by virtue of the flourishing research on aggregation-induced emission, the concept of "aggregate science" is put forward to fill the gaps between molecules and aggregates. Structures and properties on the aggregate scale are also systematically summarized. The structure-property relationships established for aggregates are expected to contribute to new materials and technological development. Ultimately, aggregate science may become an interdisciplinary research field and serves as a general platform for academic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoke Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Andrew T Turley
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Paul R McGonigal
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Yujie Tu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Zhaoyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Ryan T K Kwok
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Jacky W Y Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, South China University of Technology, Tianhe Qu, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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95
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Li X, Li M, Yang M, Xiao H, Wang L, Chen Z, Liu S, Li J, Li S, James TD. “Irregular” aggregation-induced emission luminogens. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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96
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Chen X, Zhong Q, Cui C, Ma L, Liu S, Zhang Q, Wu Y, An L, Cheng Y, Ye S, Chen X, Dong Z, Chen Q, Zhang Y. Extremely Tough, Puncture-Resistant, Transparent, and Photoluminescent Polyurethane Elastomers for Crack Self-Diagnose and Healing Tracking. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:30847-30855. [PMID: 32597173 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ensuring material performance reliability and lifetime is crucial for practical operations. Small cracks on the material surface are often detrimental to its safe operation. This study describes the development of a hydrogen bond-rich puncture-resistant polyurethane elastomer with supertoughness. The as-prepared polyurethane transparent films feature high tensile break strength (57.4 MPa) and great toughness (228 MJ m-3). Additionally, a facile, low-cost, crack self-diagnostic approach through photoluminescence using a small luminous pen is reported. The materials efficiently achieved self-healing at 90 °C after the crack formation. The change of fluorescence intensity on the crack can be used to track the self-healing process. Therefore, this work provides a guideline for the material design of supertough, puncture-resistant, transparent, and healable elastomers and a crack self-diagnosis and healing approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter and State Key Lab for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures; Xi'an Jiaotong University & Shaanxi Quantong Joint Research Institute of New Energy Vehicles Power, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Qianyun Zhong
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter and State Key Lab for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures; Xi'an Jiaotong University & Shaanxi Quantong Joint Research Institute of New Energy Vehicles Power, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Chenhui Cui
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter and State Key Lab for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures; Xi'an Jiaotong University & Shaanxi Quantong Joint Research Institute of New Energy Vehicles Power, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter and State Key Lab for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures; Xi'an Jiaotong University & Shaanxi Quantong Joint Research Institute of New Energy Vehicles Power, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter and State Key Lab for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures; Xi'an Jiaotong University & Shaanxi Quantong Joint Research Institute of New Energy Vehicles Power, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Youshen Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter and State Key Lab for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures; Xi'an Jiaotong University & Shaanxi Quantong Joint Research Institute of New Energy Vehicles Power, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Le An
- State Key Lab for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yilong Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter and State Key Lab for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures; Xi'an Jiaotong University & Shaanxi Quantong Joint Research Institute of New Energy Vehicles Power, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Shibo Ye
- Micro- and Nanotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Micro- and Nanotechnology Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Zhen Dong
- Inose Corporation, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Quan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter and State Key Lab for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures; Xi'an Jiaotong University & Shaanxi Quantong Joint Research Institute of New Energy Vehicles Power, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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97
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Wang Y, Zhao Z, Yuan WZ. Intrinsic Luminescence from Nonaromatic Biomolecules. Chempluschem 2020; 85:1065-1080. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesShanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal AgingShanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University No. 800 Dongchuan Rd. Minhang District Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Zihao Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesShanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal AgingShanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University No. 800 Dongchuan Rd. Minhang District Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Wang Zhang Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesShanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal AgingShanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University No. 800 Dongchuan Rd. Minhang District Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
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98
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Zhao Z, Zhang H, Lam JWY, Tang BZ. Aggregationsinduzierte Emission: Einblicke auf Aggregatebene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhao
- Department of ChemistryDepartment of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute for Advanced StudyHong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong 999077 China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Haoke Zhang
- Department of ChemistryDepartment of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute for Advanced StudyHong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong 999077 China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Jacky W. Y. Lam
- Department of ChemistryDepartment of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute for Advanced StudyHong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong 999077 China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of ChemistryDepartment of Chemical and Biological EngineeringInstitute for Advanced StudyHong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon Hong Kong 999077 China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan Shenzhen 518057 China
- Center for Aggregation-Induced EmissionState Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesSCUT-HKUST Joint Research InstituteSouth China University of Technology, Tianhe Qu Guangzhou 510640 China
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99
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Zhao Z, Zhang H, Lam JWY, Tang BZ. Aggregation-Induced Emission: New Vistas at the Aggregate Level. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9888-9907. [PMID: 32048428 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 512] [Impact Index Per Article: 128.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) describes a photophysical phenomenon in which molecular aggregates exhibit stronger emission than the single molecules. Over the course of the last 20 years, AIE research has made great strides in material development, mechanistic study and high-tech applications. The achievements of AIE research demonstrate that molecular aggregates show many properties and functions that are absent in molecular species. In this review, we summarize the advances in the field of AIE and its related areas. We specifically focus on the new properties of materials attained by molecular aggregates beyond the microscopic molecular level. We hope this review will inspire more research into molecular ensembles at and beyond the meso level and lead to the significant progress in material and biological science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center, for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China.,HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Haoke Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center, for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China.,HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Jacky W Y Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center, for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China.,HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center, for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China.,HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China.,Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, South China University of Technology, Tianhe Qu, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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100
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He B, Zhang J, Zhang H, Liu Z, Zou H, Hu R, Qin A, Kwok RTK, Lam JWY, Tang BZ. Catalyst-Free Multicomponent Tandem Polymerizations of Alkyne and Amines toward Nontraditional Intrinsic Luminescent Poly(aminomaleimide)s. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benzhao He
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing first RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haoke Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhiyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hang Zou
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Anjun Qin
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ryan T. K. Kwok
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing first RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jacky W. Y. Lam
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing first RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing first RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Hong Kong, China
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