51
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Hazra A, Kanji T, Banerjee P. Merging Two Strained Carbocycles: Lewis Acid Catalyzed Remote Site-Selective Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of in Situ Generated β-Naphthol. J Org Chem 2023; 88:960-971. [PMID: 36578165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lewis acid catalyzed tandem activation of the two smallest carbocycles, 3-ethoxy cyclobutanones, and donor-acceptor cyclopropanes has been demonstrated. The diphenyl-substituted 3-ethoxy cyclobutanone rearranges itself by intramolecular cyclization for the in situ generation of 1-phenyl 2-naphthol, which further undergoes remote site-selective Friedel-Crafts alkylation with donor-acceptor cyclopropane to synthesize a series of γ-naphthyl butyric acid derivatives. Further control experiments for mechanistic investigations and synthetic applications have also been carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Hazra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Tanmay Kanji
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Prabal Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
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52
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Golfmann M, Glagow L, Giakoumidakis A, Golz C, Walker JCL. Organophotocatalytic [2+2] Cycloaddition of Electron-Deficient Styrenes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202373. [PMID: 36282627 PMCID: PMC10100360 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A visible-light organophotocatalytic [2+2] cycloaddition of electron-deficient styrenes is described. Photocatalytic [2+2] cycloadditions are typically performed with electron-rich styrene derivatives or α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, and with transition-metal-based catalysts. We have discovered that an organic cyanoarene photocatalyst is able to deliver high-value cyclobutane products bearing electron-deficient aryl substituents in good yields. A range of electron-deficient substituents are tolerated, and both homodimerisations and intramolecular [2+2] cycloadditions to fused bicyclic systems are available by using this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Golfmann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Louis Glagow
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Antonios Giakoumidakis
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,University of Ioannina, Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Christopher Golz
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johannes C L Walker
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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53
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Hou SH, Yu X, Zhang R, Wagner C, Dong G. Rhodium-Catalyzed Diastereo- and Enantioselective Divergent Annulations between Cyclobutanones and 1,5-Enynes: Rapid Construction of Complex C(sp 3)-Rich Scaffolds. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22159-22169. [PMID: 36399332 PMCID: PMC10630065 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Given the emerging demand to "escape from flatland" for drug discovery, synthetic methods that can efficiently construct complex three-dimensional structures with multi-stereocenters become increasingly valuable. Here, we describe the development of Rh(I)-catalyzed intramolecular annulations between cyclobutanones and 1,5-enyne groups to construct complex C(sp3)-rich scaffolds. Divergent reactivities are realized with different catalysts, and excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivity have been achieved. The use of (R)-H8-binap as the ligand favors forming the bis-bicyclic scaffolds with multiple quaternary stereocenters, while the (R)-segphos ligand prefers to generate the tetrahydro-azapinone products. Owing to the versatile reactivity of ketone moieties, these C(sp3)-rich scaffolds can be further functionalized. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies support a reaction pathway involving enyne-cyclometallation, 1,2-carbonyl addition, and then β-carbon elimination; the divergent reactivities are dictated by a product-determining Rh-alkyl migratory insertion step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Hua Hou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Xuan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Cole Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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54
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Chen L, Shi C, Li W, Li B, Zhu J, Lin A, Yao H. Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric C–C Bond Activation/Carbonylation of Cyclobutanones. Org Lett 2022; 24:9157-9162. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aijun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hequan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People’s Republic of China
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55
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Zhang GY, Zhang P, Li BW, Liu K, Li J, Yu ZX. Dual Activation Strategy to Achieve C–C Cleavage of Cyclobutanes: Development and Mechanism of Rh and Zn Cocatalyzed [4 + 2] Cycloaddition of Yne-Vinylcyclobutanones. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21457-21469. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Yu Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bing-Wen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jun Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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56
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Gärtner A, Meier L, Arrowsmith M, Dietz M, Krummenacher I, Bertermann R, Fantuzzi F, Braunschweig H. Highly Strained Arene-Fused 1,2-Diborete Biradicaloid. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21363-21370. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annalena Gärtner
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Meier
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Merle Arrowsmith
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Dietz
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Bertermann
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, CT2 7NH Canterbury, U.K
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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57
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Zhang T, Cusumano AQ, Hafeman NJ, Loskot SA, Reimann CE, Virgil SC, Goddard WA, Stoltz BM. Investigations of an Unexpected [2+2] Photocycloaddition in the Synthesis of (-)-Scabrolide A from Quantum Mechanics Calculations. J Org Chem 2022; 87:14115-14124. [PMID: 36269312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We utilize ab initio quantum mechanics calculations to evaluate a range of plausible mechanistic pathways for the unexpected formation of a [6-4-4] ring system from an enone-olefin photocycloaddition in the synthesis of (-)-scabrolide A, previously reported by our group. We present a mechanistic analysis that is consistent with all current experimental observations, including the photoexcitation, the C-C bond formation, and the associated chemo- and diastereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Zhang
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Alexander Q Cusumano
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Nicholas J Hafeman
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Steven A Loskot
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Christopher E Reimann
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Scott C Virgil
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - William A Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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58
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Na CG, Kang SH, Sarpong R. Development of a C-C Bond Cleavage/Vinylation/Mizoroki-Heck Cascade Reaction: Application to the Total Synthesis of 14- and 15-Hydroxypatchoulol. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19253-19257. [PMID: 36240482 PMCID: PMC9635941 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A C-C bond cleavage/vinylation/Mizoroki-Heck cascade reaction has been developed to provide access to densely functionalized bicyclo[2.2.2]octane frameworks. The sequence proceeds through the coupling of dihydroxylated pinene derivatives, prepared from carvone, with gem-dichloroalkenes. The method was applied to 12-step total syntheses of both 14- and 15-hydroxypatchoulol, which provided unambiguous support for the structure of the natural products and corrects a misassignment in the isolation report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina G Na
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Suh Hyun Kang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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59
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Hong CM, Xiong SQ, Zhang X, Ma KX, Li QH, Liu TL. Sliver-Catalyzed 1,3-Aza-Benzyl Migration of Allyl Alcohol. Org Lett 2022; 24:7712-7716. [PMID: 36201425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carbon migration of alkenyl alcohols has been recognized as an increasingly viable methodology in organic synthesis. Herein, we disclose a silver-catalyzed 1,3-aza-benzyl migration of allyl alcohols by utilizing chelation-assisted selective cleavage of an unstrained C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond. This approach provides an available, efficient, high atom-economic, and environmentally benign procedure, leading to alkylation products with broad substrate scopes and excellent yields. The migration proceeds via a one-pot, two-step process involving a free-state alkyl metal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Ming Hong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Si-Qi Xiong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Kai-Xian Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qing-Hua Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Tang-Lin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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60
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Du X, Xu D, Xu G, Yu C, Jiang X. Synthesis of Imidized Cyclobutene Derivatives by Strain Release of [1.1.1]Propellane. Org Lett 2022; 24:7323-7327. [PMID: 36190793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the metal-free synthesis of imidized methylene cyclobutane derivatives via a strain-release driven addition reaction of [1.1.1]propellane. Using this strategy, the methylene cyclobutyl cation intermediate generated by protonation of [1.1.1]propellane was found to be trapped by nitriles to form a nitrilium ion intermediate, which subsequently reacted with carboxylic acids to produce imidized methylene cyclobutene derivatives via a Mumm-type rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Du
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Di Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Gongcheng Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Chuanming Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xinpeng Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
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61
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Liu K, Wang G, Zhang ZW, Shi YY, Ye ZS. C-C Bond Activation of Cyclopropanes Enabled by Phosphine-Catalyzed In Situ Formation of High-Strain Methylenecycopropane Intermediate. Org Lett 2022; 24:6489-6493. [PMID: 36069728 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An effective strategy for the ring-opening/elaboration of cyclopropanes by phosphine catalyst is documented, providing the 2,4-pentadiene sulfonamides and isoindolines in moderate to good yields. The key to the success of this reaction is phosphine-catalyzed introduction of a trigonal center into cyclopropanes, which results in the formation of higher ring strain cyclopropylidenemethyl phosphonium salt. Moreover, this methodology is employed as the key step for the synthesis of bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Liu
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Zhe-Wen Zhang
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Yang Shi
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Shi Ye
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
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62
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Wu Q, Liu W, Wang M, Huang Y, Hu P. Iron-catalyzed deconstructive alkylation through chlorine radical induced C-C single bond cleavage under visible light. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9886-9889. [PMID: 35980142 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03896j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Selective C-C single bond cleavage of simple compounds is a highly challenging and desired process. Herein, a chlorine radical-induced deconstructive C-C bond alkylation with alcohols and alkenes catalyzed by iron salts was reported for the first time. Readily available alcohols and various electron-deficient alkenes were tolerated. Late-stage and large-scale reactions proceed smoothly. This catalyst system shows potential for diversified deconstructive functionalization of simple C-C bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wu
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Miao Wang
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yahao Huang
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Peng Hu
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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63
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Qin Q, Wang D, Shao Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Li X, Huang C, Mi L. Sequentially Regulating the Structural Transformation of Copper Metal-Organic Frameworks (Cu-MOFs) for Controlling Site-Selective Reaction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:36845-36854. [PMID: 35938901 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Regulating atomically precise sites in catalysts to achieve site-selective reactions is remarkable but challenging. In this work, a convenient and facile solid-gas/liquid reaction strategy was used to construct controllable active sites in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to guide an orientation site-selective reaction. A flexible CuI-MOF-1 with dynamics originating from an anionic and tailorable framework could undergo a reversible structural transformation to engineer a topologically equivalent mixed-valent CuICuII-MOF-2 via a solid-gas/liquid oxidation/reduction process. More importantly, CuI-MOF-1 and CuICuII-MOF-2 could further execute the solid-gas/liquid reaction under ammonia vapor/solution to generate CuII-MOF-3. Furthermore, the transformation from CuI-MOF-1 to CuICuII-MOF-2 and CuII-MOF-3 served as controllable catalysts to facilitate site-selective reactions to realize direct C-N bond arylations. The results demonstrated that CuI-MOF-1 and CuII-MOF-3 possessed well-defined platforms with uniformly and accurately active sites to attain a "turn-on/off" process via different reaction routes, providing the desired site-selective ring-opening products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qin
- Center for Advanced Materials Research and Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Di Wang
- Center for Advanced Materials Research and Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Zhichao Shao
- Center for Advanced Materials Research and Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Center for Advanced Materials Research and Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Center for Advanced Materials Research and Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- Center for Advanced Materials Research and Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Center for Advanced Materials Research and Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Liwei Mi
- Center for Advanced Materials Research and Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China
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64
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Xue Y, Dong G. Deconstructive Synthesis of Bridged and Fused Rings via Transition-Metal-Catalyzed "Cut-and-Sew" Reactions of Benzocyclobutenones and Cyclobutanones. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:2341-2354. [PMID: 35901263 PMCID: PMC9386905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Bridged and fused rings are commonly found in biologically important molecules. Current tactics to construct these ring systems are primarily based on stepwise ring formation (i.e., making one ring first followed by making another) and cycloaddition reactions (e.g., Diels-Alder reaction). To seek a complementary and perhaps more unified ring-forming approach, a deconstructive strategy based on C-C bond activation of cyclic ketones has been conceived. The named "cut-and-sew" reaction uses cyclic ketones with a tethered unsaturated moiety as substrates, which involves oxidative addition of a transition metal into the ketone C-C bond followed by intramolecular insertion of the unsaturated unit. This strategy has proved successful to access diverse ring scaffolds that are nontrivial to construct otherwise.This Account offers a concise summary of our laboratory's systematic efforts in developing transition metal-catalyzed cut-and-sew reactions for the synthesis of bridged and fused rings over the past 10 years. In particular, we will focus on the reactions using readily available benzocyclobutenones and cyclobutanones. To date, the scope of the cut-and-sew reactions has been greatly expanded. First, diverse unsaturated moieties can serve as suitable coupling partners, such as alkenyl, alkynyl, allenyl, carbonyl, and iminyl groups. Second, a variety of reaction modes have been uncovered. In this account, (4 + 2), (4 + 2 - 1), and (4 + 1) cycloadditions that lead to a range of bridged or fused scaffolds will be summarized. Third, enantioselective transformations have been realized to efficiently construct chiral scaffolds, which are enabled by two strategies: enantio-determining migratory insertion and desymmetrization of cyclobutanones. Fourth, the synthetic applications have been demonstrated in streamlined total syntheses of a number of complex natural products. Compared to conventional synthetic logics, the cut-and-sew reaction allows the development of new bond-disconnecting strategies. Thus, the syntheses of (-)-cycloclavine, (-)-thebainone A, penicibilaenes, and the proposed cycloinumakiol are discussed in more detail.In addition to the narrative of the development of the cut-and-sew chemistry, this Account also aims to provide core guiding foundations and inspirations toward broader deconstructive synthetic applications through C-C bond cleavage. It is anticipated that more classes of cyclic compounds could serve as the substrates beyond benzocyclobutenones and cyclobutanones, and more diverse unsaturated moieties could be coupled. It can also be envisaged that more innovative utilization of this cut-and-sew strategy in complex organic syntheses will be revealed in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Xue
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States,E-mail:
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65
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Sokolova OO, Bower JF. An endo-Directing-Group Strategy Unlocks Enantioselective (3+1+2) Carbonylative Cycloadditions of Aminocyclopropanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205007. [PMID: 35611866 PMCID: PMC9401022 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
An endo-directing group strategy enables enantioselective (3+1+2) cycloadditions that are triggered by carbonylative C-C bond activation of cyclopropanes. These processes are rare examples of cycloadditions where C-C bond oxidative addition is enantiodetermining, and the first where this is achieved within the context of a multicomponent (higher order) reaction design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga O Sokolova
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - John F Bower
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
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66
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Wang B, Zhong H, Tian X. KO tBu-promoted Michael/aldol/ring-opening cascade reaction of cyclobutanones with chalcones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9222-9225. [PMID: 35899611 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03007a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient Michael/aldol/ring-opening cascade reaction of cyclobutanones with chalcones has been developed. This protocol employs inexpensive potassium tert-butoxide (KOtBu) as a promoter and enables an efficient synthesis of densely substituted cyclohex-3-ene-carboxylic acids in high yields with high diastereoselectivities, which are difficult to prepare through conventional approaches. The significant advantages of this methodology include transition-metal-free conditions, readily available starting materials, wide scope and high atom economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Wang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China.
| | - Han Zhong
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China.
| | - Xu Tian
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China.
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67
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Wang DK, Li LB, Liu FL, Qiu H, Li JZ, Zhang J, Deng C, Wei WT. Fe-Catalyzed Selective Formal Insertion of Diazo Compounds into C(sp)-C(sp 3) Bonds of Propargyl Alcohols: Access to Alkyne-Substituted All-Carbon Quaternary Centers. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:1028-1034. [PMID: 35912339 PMCID: PMC9336152 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The construction of all-carbon quaternary centers, especially those containing an alkyne-substituted framework, represents an important challenge in organic synthesis. Here we present a novel Fe-catalyzed selective formal insertion of diazo compounds into C(sp)-C(sp3) bonds of propargyl alcohols under mild conditions that enables the streamlined construction of alkyne-substituted all-carbon quaternary centers. This unique strategy starts with in situ generation of an ester group in the presence of carboxylic acids, followed by insertion of metal-carbene into C(sp)-C(sp3) bonds, which may open up a new reaction mode for exploring metal-carbene insertion into acyclic C-C bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Kai Wang
- School
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced
Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Liu-Bin Li
- School
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced
Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Fa-Liang Liu
- School
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced
Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Hui Qiu
- School
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced
Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Jiao-Zhe Li
- School
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced
Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- School
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced
Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
| | - Chao Deng
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College
of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Ting Wei
- School
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced
Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P. R. China
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68
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Yang Z, Yang D, Zhang J, Tan C, Li J, Wang S, Zhang H, Huang Z, Lei A. Electrophotochemical Ce-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Functionalization of Cycloalkanols under Redox-Neutral Conditions: Scope and Mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13895-13902. [PMID: 35861667 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Selective cleavage and functionalization of C-C bonds in alcohols is gaining increasing interest in organic synthesis and biomass conversion. In particular, the development of redox-neutral catalytic methods with cheap catalysts and clean energy is of utmost interest. In this work, we report a versatile redox-neutral method for the ring-opening functionalization of cycloalkanols by electrophotochemical (EPC) cerium (Ce) catalysis. The EPC-Ce-enabled catalysis allows for cycloalkanols with different ring sizes to be cleaved while tolerating a broad range of functional groups. Notably, in the presence of chloride as a counteranion and electrolyte, this protocol selectively leads to the formation of C-CN, C-C, C-S, or C-oxime bonds instead of a C-halide bond after β-scission. A preliminary mechanistic investigation indicates that the redox-active Ce catalyst can be tuned by electro-oxidation and photo-reduction, thus avoiding the use of an external oxidant. Spectroscopic characterizations (cyclic voltammetry, UV-vis, electron paramagnetic resonance, and X-ray absorption fine structure) suggest a Ce(III)/Ce(IV) catalytic pathway for this transformation, in which a Ce(IV)-alkoxide is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoliang Yang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Dali Yang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jianye Zhang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Chenyu Tan
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jiajun Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Shengchun Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Heng Zhang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Zhiliang Huang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, P. R. China.,National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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69
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Calow ADJ, Dailler D, Bower JF. Carbonylative N-Heterocyclization via Nitrogen-Directed C-C Bond Activation of Nonactivated Cyclopropanes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11069-11074. [PMID: 35715228 PMCID: PMC9248011 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Under Rh-catalyzed
conditions, secondary amines and anilines function
as directing groups to facilitate regioselective C–C bond activation
of nonactivated cyclopropanes. The resulting amino-stabilized rhodacycles
undergo carbonylative C–N bond formation en route to challenging
seven- and eight-membered lactams. The processes represent rare examples
where C–C bond oxidative addition of nonactivated cyclopropanes
is exploited in reaction design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D J Calow
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - David Dailler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - John F Bower
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
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70
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Wu J, Peng Z, Shen T, Liu ZQ. Electrosynthesis of ortho‐Amino Aryl Ketones by Aerobic Electrooxidative Cleavage of the C(2)=C(3)/C(2)‐N Bonds of N‐Boc Indoles. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Wu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine CHINA
| | - Zehui Peng
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine CHINA
| | - Tong Shen
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine CHINA
| | - Zhong-Quan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University CHINA
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71
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Song LR, Li H, Wang SF, Lin JP, Huang B, Long YQ. Metal-free hypervalent iodine-promoted tandem carbonyl migration and unactivated C(Ph)-C(Alkyl) bond cleavage for quinolone scaffold synthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8340-8343. [PMID: 35758629 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02245a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An unexpected iodine(III)-mediated C(sp3)-C(sp2) bond cleavage of 3-(methylamino)-2-(2-substitutedbenzoyl)acrylates for efficient synthesis of privileged scaffold 4-quinolones was described. Notably, a wide range of alkyl groups (e.g. methyl, tert-butyl or alkyl chain) can be conveniently cleaved in this system. The detailed mechanism studies revealed that the transformation proceeded through cascade ipso-cyclization and 1,2-carbonyl migration, the smaller bond energy determined ortho C-C bond cleavage rather than C-H bond cleavage, via an enamine radical intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Rui Song
- School of Pharmaceutic Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China. .,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - He Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shen-Feng Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jian-Ping Lin
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Bin Huang
- School of Pharmaceutic Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Ya-Qiu Long
- School of Pharmaceutic Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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72
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Aly AA, Hassan AA, Mostafa SM, Mohamed AH, Osman EM, Nayl AA. Heterocycles from cyclopropenones. RSC Adv 2022; 12:18615-18645. [PMID: 35873324 PMCID: PMC9229296 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03011j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Great attention has been paid to cyclopropenones as they are present in many natural sources. Various synthesized cyclopropenone derivatives also show a wide range of biological activities. The cyclopropenone derivatives undergo a variety of reactions such as ring-opening reactions, isomerization reactions, C-C coupling reactions, C-H activation, cycloaddition reactions, thermal and photo-irradiation reactions, and acid-base-catalyzed reactions under the influence of various chemical reagents (electrophiles, nucleophiles, radicals, and organometallics) and external forces (heat and light). Many previous reviews have dealt with the chemistry and reactions of cyclopropenones. However and to the best of our knowledge, the utility of cyclopropenones in the synthesis of heterocycles has not been reported before. Therefore, it would be interesting to shed light on this new topic. The present review article provides, for the first time, a comprehensive compilation of synthetic methods for the synthesis of various heterocyclic ring systems, as a significant family in the field of organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf A Aly
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University El-Minia 61519 Egypt
| | - Alaa A Hassan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University El-Minia 61519 Egypt
| | - Sara M Mostafa
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University El-Minia 61519 Egypt
| | - Asmaa H Mohamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University El-Minia 61519 Egypt
| | - Esraa M Osman
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University El-Minia 61519 Egypt
| | - AbdElAziz A Nayl
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University P. O. Box 2014 Sakaka Aljouf Saudi Arabia
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73
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Yu S, Ai Y, Hu L, Lu G, Duan C, Ma Y. Palladium-Catalyzed Stagewise Strain-Release-Driven C-C Activation of Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200052. [PMID: 35332648 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed chemoselective coupling of readily available bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl alcohols (BCP-OH) with various halides is reported, which offers expedient approaches to a wide range of cyclobutanone and β,γ-enone skeletons via single or double C-C activation. The chemistry shows a broad substrate scope in terms of both the range of BCP-OH and halides including a series of natural product derivatives. Moreover, dependency of reaction chemodivergence on base additive has been investigated through experimental and density functional theory (DFT) studies, which is expected to significantly enrich the reaction modes and increase the synthetic potential of BCP-OH in preparing more complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songjie Yu
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yinan Ai
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Lingfei Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Gang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Chunying Duan
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
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74
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Brześkiewicz J, Loska R. Palladium-Catalyzed Access to Benzocyclobutenone-Derived Ketonitrones via C(sp 2)-H Functionalization. Org Lett 2022; 24:3960-3964. [PMID: 35613705 PMCID: PMC9278523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed C(sp2)-H functionalization of bromoaryl aldonitrones leading to benzocyclobutenone-derived ketonitrones is described. This method allows for the preparation of a wide range of strained, four-membered ketonitrones with broad functional group tolerance. Downstream transformations of the formed products were readily demonstrated, illustrating the synthetic utility of the obtained benzocyclobutenone-derived nitrones for the construction of polycyclic nitrogen-containing scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Brześkiewicz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Loska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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75
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Rapid syntheses of N-fused heterocycles via acyl-transfer in heteroaryl ketones. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3337. [PMID: 35680930 PMCID: PMC9184603 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31063-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The wide-ranging potencies of bioactive N-fused heterocycles inspire the development of synthetic transformations that simplify preparation of their complex, diverse structural motifs. Heteroaryl ketones are ubiquitous, readily available, and inexpensive molecular scaffolds, and are thus synthetically appealing as precursors in preparing N-fused heterocycles via intramolecular acyl-transfer. To best of our knowledge, acyl-transfer of unstrained heteroaryl ketones remains to be demonstrated. Here, we show an acyl transfer-annulation to convert heteroaryl ketones to N-fused heterocycles. Driven via aromatisation, the acyl of a heteroaryl ketone can be transferred from the carbon to the nitrogen of the corresponding heterocycle. The reaction commences with the spiroannulation of a heteroaryl ketone and an alkyl bromide, with the resulting spirocyclic intermediate undergoing aromatisation-driven intramolecular acyl transfer. The reaction conditions are optimised, with the reaction exhibiting a broad substrate scope in terms of the ketone and alkyl bromide. The utility of this protocol is further demonstrated via application to complex natural products and drug derivatives to yield heavily functionalised N-fused heterocycles. Heteroaryl ketones are ubiquitous molecular scaffolds but seldom used as synthetic precusors. Here, the authors develop an acyl transfer-annulation to convert heteroaryl ketones to N-fused heterocycles, which are prevalent in bioactive molecules.
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76
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Liu ZQ, Liang C, Luo Z, Wu YF, Hong CM, Li QH, Liu TL. Transfer Vinylation and Dienylation via Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed Deketonation of Allylic Alcohols. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Qiang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Fei Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Chuan-Ming Hong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Hua Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Tang-Lin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
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77
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Sokolova OO, Bower J. An endo‐Directing‐Group Strategy Unlocks Enantioselective (3+1+2) Carbonylative Cycloadditions of Aminocyclopropanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - John Bower
- University of Liverpool School of Chemistry L69 3BX Liverpool UNITED KINGDOM
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78
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Ping Y, Pan Q, Guo Y, Liu Y, Li X, Wang M, Kong W. Switchable 1,2-Rearrangement Enables Expedient Synthesis of Structurally Diverse Fluorine-Containing Scaffolds. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11626-11637. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ping
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Qi Pan
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Ya Guo
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yongli Liu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Minyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wangqing Kong
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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79
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Yu X, Zhang Z, Dong G. Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of γ-Lactams with β-Quaternary Centers via Merging of C-C Activation and Sulfonyl Radical Migration. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9222-9228. [PMID: 35580261 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed C-C activation has become synthetically valuable; however, it rarely involves single-electron downstream processes. To expand the repertoire of C-C activation, here we describe the discovery of a Rh-catalyzed enantioselective C-C activation involving migration of a sulfonyl radical. This reaction directly transforms cyclobutanones containing a sulfonamide-tethered 1,3-diene moiety into γ-lactams containing a β-quaternary center with excellent enantioselectivity. This unusual process involves cleavage of C-C and N-S bonds and subsequent formation of C-N and C-S bonds. The reaction also exhibits broad functional group tolerance and a good substrate scope. A combined experimental and computational mechanistic study suggested that the reaction goes through a Rh(I)-mediated oxidative addition into the cyclobutanone C-C bond followed by a Rh(III)-triggered N-S bond homolysis and sulfonyl radical migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Zining Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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80
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Wu J, Liu Y, Qian B, Yang H, Lu L, Zhang J, Shang Y. Catalytic Ring Expansion of Indole toward Dibenzoazepine Analogues Enabled by Cationic Palladium(II) Complexes. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c06021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yanfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Baiyang Qian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Haitao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Lili Lu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Jitan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yongjia Shang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids (Ministry of Education), Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecular Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
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81
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Yan H, Smith GS, Chen FE. Recent advances using cyclopropanols and cyclobutanols in ring-opening asymmetric synthesis. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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82
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Yu S, Ai Y, Hu L, Lu G, Duan C, Ma Y. Palladium‐Catalyzed Stagewise Strain‐Release‐Driven C−C Activation of Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Songjie Yu
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yinan Ai
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Lingfei Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry Ministry of Education Shandong University Jinan 250100 China
| | - Gang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry Ministry of Education Shandong University Jinan 250100 China
| | - Chunying Duan
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yue Ma
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
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83
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Xu JH, Liu ZK, Tang YL, Gao Y, Hu XQ. Merging strain-release and copper catalysis: the selective ring-opening cross-coupling of 1,2-oxazetidines with boronic acids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4180-4183. [PMID: 35266480 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00461e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented ring-opening cross-coupling of 1,2-oxazetidines with readily available arylboronic acids is achieved for the first time by copper catalysis. Unlike the known electrophilic oxygen reactivity in coupling with organometallic reagents, 1,2-oxazetidines were utilized as formaldimine precursors in this protocol. Remarkable features of this reaction include simple operation, inexpensive catalyst, broad scope and high regioselectivity, delivering a wide array of aminomethylation products. The practicality of this reaction was validated in the one-step downstream transformation of the obtained products into synthetically important molecules and late-stage modification of bioactive acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Zi-Kui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Yan-Liu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Xiao-Qiang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
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84
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Meyer CC, Dubey ZJ, Krische MJ. Enantioselective Iridium-Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Dienes with Oxetanones and N-Acyl-Azetidinones Mediated by 2-Propanol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115959. [PMID: 35119714 PMCID: PMC8940717 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cyclometallated iridium-PhanePhos complexes generated in situ from [Ir(cod)Cl]2 and (R)-PhanePhos catalyze 2-propanol-mediated reductive couplings of 2-substituted dienes with oxetanone and N-acyl-azetidinones to form branched homoallylic oxetanols and azetidinols with excellent control of regio- and enantioselectivity without C-C cleavage of the strained ring via enantiotopic π-facial selection of transient allyliridium nucleophiles. This work represents the first systematic study of enantioselective additions to symmetric ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole C. Meyer
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, 105 E 24th St. (A5300), Austin, TX 78712-1167 (USA)
| | - Zachary J. Dubey
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, 105 E 24th St. (A5300), Austin, TX 78712-1167 (USA)
| | - Michael J. Krische
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, 105 E 24th St. (A5300), Austin, TX 78712-1167 (USA)
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85
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Huang J, Zhang R, Wu X, Dong G, Xia Y. Intramolecular One-Carbon Homologation of Unstrained Ketones via C-C Activation-Enabled 1,1-Insertion of Alkenes. Org Lett 2022; 24:2436-2440. [PMID: 35302376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Here, we describe the development of a Rh-catalyzed intramolecular one-carbon homologation of unstrained aryl ketones through a formal 1,1-insertion process of olefins, enabled by temporary directing group (TDG)-aided C-C activation. The reaction provides a distinct approach to access various substituted 1-indanones. Computational mechanistic studies reveal that the formal 1,1-insertion is realized by a selective C(sp2)-C(sp3) activation and turnover limiting 2,1-insertion into the alkene, followed by a facile β-H elimination and reinsertion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangkun Huang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago 60637, United States
| | - Xiuli Wu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago 60637, United States
| | - Ying Xia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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86
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Ulč J, Asanuma Y, Moss R, Manca G, Císařová I, Kotora M. Computational, Mechanistic, and Experimental Insights into Regioselective Catalytic C-C Bond Activation in Linear 1-Aza-[3]triphenylene. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:8665-8674. [PMID: 35309457 PMCID: PMC8928494 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
C-C bond activation by transition metal complexes in ring-strained compounds followed by annulation with unsaturated compounds is an efficient approach to generate structurally more complex compounds. However, the site of catalytic C-C bond activation is difficult to predict in unsymmetrically substituted polycyclic systems. Here, we report a study on the (regio)selective catalytic cleavage of selected C-C bonds in 1-aza-[3]triphenylene, followed by annulation with alkynes, forming products with extended π-conjugated frameworks. Based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we established the stability of possible transition metal intermediates formed by oxidative addition to the C-C bond and thus identified the likely site of C-C bond activation. The computationally predicted selectivity was confirmed by the following experimental tests for the corresponding Ir-catalyzed C-C cleavage reaction followed by an alkyne insertion that yielded mixtures of two mono-insertion products isolated with yields of 34-36%, due to the close reactivity of two bonds during the first C-C bond activation. Similar results were obtained for twofold Ir- or Rh-catalyzed insertion reactions, with higher yields of 72-77%. In a broader context, by combining DFT calculations, which provided insights into the relative reactivity of individual C-C bonds, with experimental results, our approach allows us to synthesize previously unknown pentacyclic azaaromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Ulč
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Charles University, Prague 12800, Czech Republic
| | - Yuya Asanuma
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Charles University, Prague 12800, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Moss
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Charles University, Prague 12800, Czech Republic
| | | | - Ivana Císařová
- CNR-ICCOM, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino
Firenze, Italy
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Charles University, Prague 12800, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kotora
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Charles University, Prague 12800, Czech Republic
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87
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Pérez-Gómez M, Herrera-Ramírez P, Bautista D, Saura-Llamas I, García-López JA. Synthesis of Benzofused O- and N-Heterocycles through Cascade Carbopalladation/Cross-Alkylation of Alkynes Involving the C–C Cleavage of Cyclobutanols. Organometallics 2022; 41:649-658. [PMID: 35308581 PMCID: PMC8925021 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We report a Pd-catalyzed
route to heterocycles bearing a tetrasubstituted
alkene fragment. Our approach merges the intramolecular carbopalladation
of tethered alkynes with an alkylation step produced by the C–C
cleavage of cyclobutanol derivatives. An alkenyl-Pd(II) intermediate
has been isolated and characterized by X-ray diffraction studies.
Interestingly, the nature of the tethering alkynyl chain influences
the E/Z stereochemistry of the alkenyl
fragment in the functionalized heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pérez-Gómez
- Grupo de Química Organometálica, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, E−30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Piedad Herrera-Ramírez
- Grupo de Química Organometálica, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, E−30100 Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Saura-Llamas
- Grupo de Química Organometálica, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, E−30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - José-Antonio García-López
- Grupo de Química Organometálica, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, E−30100 Murcia, Spain
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88
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Jia J, Yuan F, Zhang Z, Song X, Hu F, Xia Y. Copper-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Defluoroborylation of gem-Difluorinated Cyclobutenes: A General Route to Bifunctional 1,3-Dienes and Their Applications. Org Lett 2022; 24:1985-1990. [PMID: 35238573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of the reactivity of gem-difluorinated small-size rings has continuously drawn attention in recent years but is limited to three-membered carbocycles. Herein we report a copper-catalyzed reaction of gem-fluorinated cyclobutenes with bis(pinacolato)diboron (B2pin2). A sequence of defluoroborylation and a ring-opening process produces B,F-bifunctional 1,3-dienes in a stereoselective manner. The transformation together with the efficient downstream coupling of the boronate and the fluoride moieties collectively constitutes a modular route to highly functionalized and stereocontrolled 1,3-dienes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fushan Yuan
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Xuejiao Song
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fangdong Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Ying Xia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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89
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Lusi RF, Perea MA, Sarpong R. C-C Bond Cleavage of α-Pinene Derivatives Prepared from Carvone as a General Strategy for Complex Molecule Synthesis. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:746-758. [PMID: 35170951 PMCID: PMC9616203 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of complex molecules (e.g., biologically active secondary metabolites) remains an important pursuit in chemical synthesis. By virtue of their sophisticated architectures, complex natural products inspire total synthesis campaigns that can lead to completely new ways of building molecules. In the twentieth century, one such paradigm which emerged was the use of naturally occurring "chiral pool terpenes" as starting materials for total synthesis. These inexpensive and naturally abundant molecules provide an easily accessed source of enantioenriched material for the enantiospecific preparation of natural products. The most common applications of chiral pool terpenes are in syntheses where their structure can, entirely or largely, be superimposed directly onto a portion of the target structure. Less straightforward uses, where the structure of the starting chiral pool terpene is not immediately evident in the structure of the target, can be more challenging to implement. Nevertheless, these "nonintuitive" approaches illustrate the ultimate promise of chiral pool-based strategies: that any single chiral pool terpene could be applied to syntheses of an indefinite number of structurally diverse complex synthetic targets.By definition, such strategies require carefully orchestrated sequences of C-C bond forming and C-C cleaving reactions which result in remodeling of the terpene architecture. The combination of traditional rearrangement chemistry and transition-metal-catalyzed C-C cleavage methods, the latter of which were primarily developed in the early twenty-first century, provide a rich and powerful toolbox for implementing this remodeling approach. In this Account, we detail our efforts to use a variety of C-C cleavage tactics in the skeletal remodeling of carvone, a chiral pool terpene. This skeletal remodeling strategy enabled the reorganization of the carvone scaffold into synthetic intermediates with a variety of carboskeletons, which we, then, leveraged for the total syntheses of structurally disparate terpene natural products.We begin by describing our initial investigations into various, mechanistically distinct C-C cleavage processes involving cyclobutanols synthesized from carvone. These initial studies showcased how electrophile-mediated semipinacol rearrangements of these cyclobutanols can lead to [2.2.1]bicyclic intermediates, and how Rh- and Pd-catalyzed C-C cleavage can lead to a variety of densely functionalized cyclohexenes pertinent to natural product synthesis. We, then, present several total syntheses using these synthetic intermediates, beginning with the bridged, polycyclic sesquiterpenoid longiborneol, which was synthesized from a carvone-derived [2.2.1]bicycle following a key semipinacol rearrangement. Next, we discuss how several members of the macrocyclic phomactin family were synthesized from a cyclohexene derivative prepared through a Rh-catalyzed C-C cleavage reaction. Finally, we describe our synthesis of the marine diterpene xishacorene B, which was prepared using a key Pd-catalyzed C-C cleavage/cross-coupling that facilitated the assembly of the core [3.3.1]bicycle that is resident in the natural product structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Lusi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Melecio A Perea
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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90
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Wong THF, Ma D, Di Sanza R, Melchiorre P. Photoredox Organocatalysis for the Enantioselective Synthesis of 1,7-Dicarbonyl Compounds. Org Lett 2022; 24:1695-1699. [PMID: 35199526 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We describe an asymmetric organocatalytic method to synthesize 1,7-dicarbonyl compounds containing a β-stereocenter. The chemistry relies on the formation of γ-keto radicals, generated upon oxidative ring opening of cyclobutanols mastered by an organic photoredox catalyst. These nonstabilized primary radicals are stereoselectively intercepted by an iminium ion intermediate, formed upon activation of aliphatic and aromatic enals by a chiral secondary amine catalyst. This organocatalytic photoredox method served to prepare scaffolds found in natural products and drug molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hin-Fung Wong
- ICIQ - Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, University Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Dengke Ma
- ICIQ - Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Riccardo Di Sanza
- ICIQ - Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Paolo Melchiorre
- ICIQ - Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,ICREA - Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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91
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Sindlinger M, Ströbele M, Maichle-Mössmer C, Bettinger HF. Kinetic stabilization allows structural analysis of a benzoborirene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2818-2821. [PMID: 35050291 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06588b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Formal reduction of (2-bromophenyl)chloro(2,2'',4,4'',6,6''-hexaisopropyl-[1,1':3',1''-terphenyl]-2'-yl)borane with tert-butyl lithium at low temperatures yields a highly strained benzoborirene that is kinetically stabilized by the bulky terphenyl substituent. The target compound withstands heating to 80 °C, and represents the first benzoborirene fully characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The bond length pattern of the six-membered ring of the parent benzoborirene follows an anti-Mills-Nixon distortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Sindlinger
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Markus Ströbele
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Holger F Bettinger
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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92
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Zhu J, Xue Y, Zhang R, Ratchford BL, Dong G. Catalytic Activation of Unstrained C(Aryl)-C(Alkyl) Bonds in 2,2'-Methylenediphenols. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3242-3249. [PMID: 35138096 PMCID: PMC9115852 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic activation of unstrained and nonpolar C-C bonds remains a largely unmet challenge. Here, we describe our detailed efforts in developing a rhodium-catalyzed hydrogenolysis of unstrained C(aryl)-C(alkyl) bonds in 2,2'-methylenediphenols aided by removable directing groups. Good yields of the monophenol products are obtained with tolerating a wide range of functional groups. In addition, the reaction is scalable, and the catalyst loading can be reduced to as low as 0.5 mol %. Moreover, this method proves to be effective to cleave C(aryl)-C(alkyl) linkages in both models of phenolic resins and commercial novolacs resins. Finally, detailed experimental and computational mechanistic studies show that with C-H activation being a competitive but reversible off-cycle reaction, this transformation goes through a directed C(aryl)-C(alkyl) oxidative addition pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhu
- Department of chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Yibin Xue
- Department of chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Benjamin L. Ratchford
- Department of chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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93
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Shen T, Liu S, Zhao J, Wang N, Yang L, Wu J, Shen X, Liu ZQ. Electrochemical Aerobic Oxidative Cleavage of (sp 3)C-C(sp 3)/H Bonds in Alkylarenes. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3286-3295. [PMID: 35188765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemistry-promoted oxidative cleavage of (sp3)C-C(sp3)/H bonds in alkylarenes was developed. Various aryl alkanes can be smoothly converted into ketones/aldehydes under aerobic conditions using a user-friendly undivided cell setup. The features of air as oxidant, scalability, and mild conditions make them attractive in synthetic organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Shen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.,Institute of Molecular Sciences, University of Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Shuai Liu
- Institute of Molecular Sciences, University of Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Jianyou Zhao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Nengyong Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Le Yang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jintao Wu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xu Shen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhong-Quan Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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94
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Wang X, Yu C, Atodiresei IL, Patureau FW. Phosphine-Catalyzed Dearomative [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Benzoxazoles with a Cyclopropenone. Org Lett 2022; 24:1127-1131. [PMID: 35085442 PMCID: PMC8845044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The triphenylphosphine-catalyzed dearomative [3 + 2] cycloaddition of benzoxazoles with 1,2-diphenylcyclopropenone is herein described. The reaction scope, mechanism, and possible future applications of this rare organocatalyzed cycloaddition are herein discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingben Wang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Congjun Yu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Iuliana L. Atodiresei
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Frederic W. Patureau
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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95
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Krische MJ, Meyer CC, Dubey ZJ. Enantioselective Iridium‐Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Dienes with Oxetanones and N‐Acyl‐Azetidinones Mediated by 2‐Propanol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Joseph Krische
- University of Texas at Austin Chemistry and Biochemistry 105 E 24TH ST. STOP A5300 78712 Austin UNITED STATES
| | - Cole C. Meyer
- The University of Texas at Austin Chemistry UNITED STATES
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96
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Nandy M, Das S, Nanda S. Cyclobutane based "overbred intermediates" and their exploration in organic synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:1582-1622. [PMID: 35089299 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02361f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
"Overbred intermediates" have been used in organic synthesis for a long time, but these intermediates are not categorized as such. This name was given recently in Hoffman's book Elements of Synthesis Planning. These intermediates are very useful to synthesize complex carbocyclic molecules. A number of powerful and efficient strategies have been developed by using overbred intermediates through innovative fragmentative transformations. This review is based on four-member overbred intermediates (cyclobutane based) that have been used in the total synthesis of natural products from 1968 to 2020. In the initial part, we have discussed synthetic methods (photochemical, metal-mediated, and other miscellaneous transformations) for the construction of cyclobutane overbred intermediates. In the later section, we have discussed how the overbred skeleton is cleaved through numerous fragmentation methods to access the desired target structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monosij Nandy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
| | - Swagata Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
| | - Samik Nanda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
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97
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Liao LL, Wang ZH, Cao KG, Sun GQ, Zhang W, Ran CK, Li Y, Chen L, Cao GM, Yu DG. Electrochemical Ring-Opening Dicarboxylation of Strained Carbon-Carbon Single Bonds with CO 2: Facile Synthesis of Diacids and Derivatization into Polyesters. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:2062-2068. [PMID: 35084189 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diacids are important monomers in the polymer industry to construct valuable materials. Dicarboxylation of unsaturated bonds, such as alkenes and alkynes, with CO2 has been demonstrated as a promising synthetic method. However, dicarboxylation of C─C single bonds with CO2 has rarely been investigated. Herein we report a novel electrochemical ring-opening dicarboxylation of C─C single bonds in strained rings with CO2. Structurally diverse glutaric acid and adipic acid derivatives were synthesized from substituted cyclopropanes and cyclobutanes in moderate to high yields. In contrast to oxidative ring openings, this is also the first realization of an electroreductive ring-opening reaction of strained rings, including commercialized ones. Control experiments suggested that radical anions and carbanions might be the key intermediates in this reaction. Moreover, this process features high step and atom economy, mild reaction conditions (1 atm, room temperature), good chemoselectivity and functional group tolerance, low electrolyte concentration, and easy derivatization of the products. Furthermore, we conducted polymerization of the corresponding diesters with diols to obtain a potential UV-shielding material with a self-healing function and a fluorine-containing polyester, whose performance tests showed promising applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Liao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Hao Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Gong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Quan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Kun Ran
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwen Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Mei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Gang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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98
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Ito Y, Nakatani S, Shiraki R, Kodama T, Tobisu M. Nickel-Catalyzed Addition of C-C Bonds of Amides to Strained Alkenes: The 1,2-Carboaminocarbonylation Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:662-666. [PMID: 35005886 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
C(aryl)-C(═O) bonds of aryl amides can be activated and added across alkenes with the aid of a nickel catalyst. This 1,2-carboaminocarbonylation reaction enables the dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes with an atom economy of 100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Ito
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Syun Nakatani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryota Shiraki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuya Kodama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tobisu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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99
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Wang CC, Yang YT, Wang QL, Liu XH, Chen YJ. Regioselective and stereospecific synthesis of functionalized 3,4-dihydro-2 H-1,4-thiazines by catalyst-free [3 + 3] annulation of pyridinium 1,4-zwitterionic thiolates and aziridines. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00612j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient route to 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-thiazines was developed though [3 + 3] annulation of pyridinium 1,4-zwitterionic thiolates and aziridines under catalyst-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Chuan Wang
- Faculty of Science, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, No. 146 Yingcai Street, Zhengzhou 450044, Henan, China
| | - Yan-Tao Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Qing-Long Wang
- Faculty of Science, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, No. 146 Yingcai Street, Zhengzhou 450044, Henan, China
| | - Xue-Hua Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Ya-Jing Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
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100
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Zhang Z, Jiang X, Li Q. Recent Progress in the Synthesis of Substituted Benzo[ b]furan Derivatives. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202110008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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